Merge branch 'jc/maint-github-actions-update'

[git.git] / builtin / fsmonitor--daemon.c

#include "builtin.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "parse-options.h"
#include "fsmonitor.h"
#include "fsmonitor-ipc.h"
#include "fsmonitor-path-utils.h"
#include "compat/fsmonitor/fsm-health.h"
#include "compat/fsmonitor/fsm-listen.h"
#include "fsmonitor--daemon.h"
#include "simple-ipc.h"
#include "khash.h"
#include "pkt-line.h"

static const char * const builtin_fsmonitor__daemon_usage[] = {
        N_("git fsmonitor--daemon start [<options>]"),
        N_("git fsmonitor--daemon run [<options>]"),
        "git fsmonitor--daemon stop",
        "git fsmonitor--daemon status",
        NULL
};

#ifdef HAVE_FSMONITOR_DAEMON_BACKEND
/*
 * Global state loaded from config.
 */
#define FSMONITOR__IPC_THREADS "fsmonitor.ipcthreads"
static int fsmonitor__ipc_threads = 8;

#define FSMONITOR__START_TIMEOUT "fsmonitor.starttimeout"
static int fsmonitor__start_timeout_sec = 60;

#define FSMONITOR__ANNOUNCE_STARTUP "fsmonitor.announcestartup"
static int fsmonitor__announce_startup = 0;

static int fsmonitor_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
{
        if (!strcmp(var, FSMONITOR__IPC_THREADS)) {
                int i = git_config_int(var, value);
                if (i < 1)
                        return error(_("value of '%s' out of range: %d"),
                                     FSMONITOR__IPC_THREADS, i);
                fsmonitor__ipc_threads = i;
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(var, FSMONITOR__START_TIMEOUT)) {
                int i = git_config_int(var, value);
                if (i < 0)
                        return error(_("value of '%s' out of range: %d"),
                                     FSMONITOR__START_TIMEOUT, i);
                fsmonitor__start_timeout_sec = i;
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(var, FSMONITOR__ANNOUNCE_STARTUP)) {
                int is_bool;
                int i = git_config_bool_or_int(var, value, &is_bool);
                if (i < 0)
                        return error(_("value of '%s' not bool or int: %d"),
                                     var, i);
                fsmonitor__announce_startup = i;
                return 0;
        }

        return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
}

/*
 * Acting as a CLIENT.
 *
 * Send a "quit" command to the `git-fsmonitor--daemon` (if running)
 * and wait for it to shutdown.
 */
static int do_as_client__send_stop(void)
{
        struct strbuf answer = STRBUF_INIT;
        int ret;

        ret = fsmonitor_ipc__send_command("quit", &answer);

        /* The quit command does not return any response data. */
        strbuf_release(&answer);

        if (ret)
                return ret;

        trace2_region_enter("fsm_client", "polling-for-daemon-exit", NULL);
        while (fsmonitor_ipc__get_state() == IPC_STATE__LISTENING)
                sleep_millisec(50);
        trace2_region_leave("fsm_client", "polling-for-daemon-exit", NULL);

        return 0;
}

static int do_as_client__status(void)
{
        enum ipc_active_state state = fsmonitor_ipc__get_state();

        switch (state) {
        case IPC_STATE__LISTENING:
                printf(_("fsmonitor-daemon is watching '%s'\n"),
                       the_repository->worktree);
                return 0;

        default:
                printf(_("fsmonitor-daemon is not watching '%s'\n"),
                       the_repository->worktree);
                return 1;
        }
}

enum fsmonitor_cookie_item_result {
        FCIR_ERROR = -1, /* could not create cookie file ? */
        FCIR_INIT,
        FCIR_SEEN,
        FCIR_ABORT,
};

struct fsmonitor_cookie_item {
        struct hashmap_entry entry;
        char *name;
        enum fsmonitor_cookie_item_result result;
};

static int cookies_cmp(const void *data, const struct hashmap_entry *he1,
                     const struct hashmap_entry *he2, const void *keydata)
{
        const struct fsmonitor_cookie_item *a =
                container_of(he1, const struct fsmonitor_cookie_item, entry);
        const struct fsmonitor_cookie_item *b =
                container_of(he2, const struct fsmonitor_cookie_item, entry);

        return strcmp(a->name, keydata ? keydata : b->name);
}

static enum fsmonitor_cookie_item_result with_lock__wait_for_cookie(
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state)
{
        /* assert current thread holding state->main_lock */

        int fd;
        struct fsmonitor_cookie_item *cookie;
        struct strbuf cookie_pathname = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf cookie_filename = STRBUF_INIT;
        enum fsmonitor_cookie_item_result result;
        int my_cookie_seq;

        CALLOC_ARRAY(cookie, 1);

        my_cookie_seq = state->cookie_seq++;

        strbuf_addf(&cookie_filename, "%i-%i", getpid(), my_cookie_seq);

        strbuf_addbuf(&cookie_pathname, &state->path_cookie_prefix);
        strbuf_addbuf(&cookie_pathname, &cookie_filename);

        cookie->name = strbuf_detach(&cookie_filename, NULL);
        cookie->result = FCIR_INIT;
        hashmap_entry_init(&cookie->entry, strhash(cookie->name));

        hashmap_add(&state->cookies, &cookie->entry);

        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "cookie-wait: '%s' '%s'",
                         cookie->name, cookie_pathname.buf);

        /*
         * Create the cookie file on disk and then wait for a notification
         * that the listener thread has seen it.
         */
        fd = open(cookie_pathname.buf, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0600);
        if (fd < 0) {
                error_errno(_("could not create fsmonitor cookie '%s'"),
                            cookie->name);

                cookie->result = FCIR_ERROR;
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * Technically, close() and unlink() can fail, but we don't
         * care here.  We only created the file to trigger a watch
         * event from the FS to know that when we're up to date.
         */
        close(fd);
        unlink(cookie_pathname.buf);

        /*
         * Technically, this is an infinite wait (well, unless another
         * thread sends us an abort).  I'd like to change this to
         * use `pthread_cond_timedwait()` and return an error/timeout
         * and let the caller do the trivial response thing, but we
         * don't have that routine in our thread-utils.
         *
         * After extensive beta testing I'm not really worried about
         * this.  Also note that the above open() and unlink() calls
         * will cause at least two FS events on that path, so the odds
         * of getting stuck are pretty slim.
         */
        while (cookie->result == FCIR_INIT)
                pthread_cond_wait(&state->cookies_cond,
                                  &state->main_lock);

done:
        hashmap_remove(&state->cookies, &cookie->entry, NULL);

        result = cookie->result;

        free(cookie->name);
        free(cookie);
        strbuf_release(&cookie_pathname);

        return result;
}

/*
 * Mark these cookies as _SEEN and wake up the corresponding client threads.
 */
static void with_lock__mark_cookies_seen(struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state,
                                         const struct string_list *cookie_names)
{
        /* assert current thread holding state->main_lock */

        int k;
        int nr_seen = 0;

        for (k = 0; k < cookie_names->nr; k++) {
                struct fsmonitor_cookie_item key;
                struct fsmonitor_cookie_item *cookie;

                key.name = cookie_names->items[k].string;
                hashmap_entry_init(&key.entry, strhash(key.name));

                cookie = hashmap_get_entry(&state->cookies, &key, entry, NULL);
                if (cookie) {
                        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "cookie-seen: '%s'",
                                         cookie->name);
                        cookie->result = FCIR_SEEN;
                        nr_seen++;
                }
        }

        if (nr_seen)
                pthread_cond_broadcast(&state->cookies_cond);
}

/*
 * Set _ABORT on all pending cookies and wake up all client threads.
 */
static void with_lock__abort_all_cookies(struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state)
{
        /* assert current thread holding state->main_lock */

        struct hashmap_iter iter;
        struct fsmonitor_cookie_item *cookie;
        int nr_aborted = 0;

        hashmap_for_each_entry(&state->cookies, &iter, cookie, entry) {
                trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "cookie-abort: '%s'",
                                 cookie->name);
                cookie->result = FCIR_ABORT;
                nr_aborted++;
        }

        if (nr_aborted)
                pthread_cond_broadcast(&state->cookies_cond);
}

/*
 * Requests to and from a FSMonitor Protocol V2 provider use an opaque
 * "token" as a virtual timestamp.  Clients can request a summary of all
 * created/deleted/modified files relative to a token.  In the response,
 * clients receive a new token for the next (relative) request.
 *
 *
 * Token Format
 * ============
 *
 * The contents of the token are private and provider-specific.
 *
 * For the built-in fsmonitor--daemon, we define a token as follows:
 *
 *     "builtin" ":" <token_id> ":" <sequence_nr>
 *
 * The "builtin" prefix is used as a namespace to avoid conflicts
 * with other providers (such as Watchman).
 *
 * The <token_id> is an arbitrary OPAQUE string, such as a GUID,
 * UUID, or {timestamp,pid}.  It is used to group all filesystem
 * events that happened while the daemon was monitoring (and in-sync
 * with the filesystem).
 *
 *     Unlike FSMonitor Protocol V1, it is not defined as a timestamp
 *     and does not define less-than/greater-than relationships.
 *     (There are too many race conditions to rely on file system
 *     event timestamps.)
 *
 * The <sequence_nr> is a simple integer incremented whenever the
 * daemon needs to make its state public.  For example, if 1000 file
 * system events come in, but no clients have requested the data,
 * the daemon can continue to accumulate file changes in the same
 * bin and does not need to advance the sequence number.  However,
 * as soon as a client does arrive, the daemon needs to start a new
 * bin and increment the sequence number.
 *
 *     The sequence number serves as the boundary between 2 sets
 *     of bins -- the older ones that the client has already seen
 *     and the newer ones that it hasn't.
 *
 * When a new <token_id> is created, the <sequence_nr> is reset to
 * zero.
 *
 *
 * About Token Ids
 * ===============
 *
 * A new token_id is created:
 *
 * [1] each time the daemon is started.
 *
 * [2] any time that the daemon must re-sync with the filesystem
 *     (such as when the kernel drops or we miss events on a very
 *     active volume).
 *
 * [3] in response to a client "flush" command (for dropped event
 *     testing).
 *
 * When a new token_id is created, the daemon is free to discard all
 * cached filesystem events associated with any previous token_ids.
 * Events associated with a non-current token_id will never be sent
 * to a client.  A token_id change implicitly means that the daemon
 * has gap in its event history.
 *
 * Therefore, clients that present a token with a stale (non-current)
 * token_id will always be given a trivial response.
 */
struct fsmonitor_token_data {
        struct strbuf token_id;
        struct fsmonitor_batch *batch_head;
        struct fsmonitor_batch *batch_tail;
        uint64_t client_ref_count;
};

struct fsmonitor_batch {
        struct fsmonitor_batch *next;
        uint64_t batch_seq_nr;
        const char **interned_paths;
        size_t nr, alloc;
        time_t pinned_time;
};

static struct fsmonitor_token_data *fsmonitor_new_token_data(void)
{
        static int test_env_value = -1;
        static uint64_t flush_count = 0;
        struct fsmonitor_token_data *token;
        struct fsmonitor_batch *batch;

        CALLOC_ARRAY(token, 1);
        batch = fsmonitor_batch__new();

        strbuf_init(&token->token_id, 0);
        token->batch_head = batch;
        token->batch_tail = batch;
        token->client_ref_count = 0;

        if (test_env_value < 0)
                test_env_value = git_env_bool("GIT_TEST_FSMONITOR_TOKEN", 0);

        if (!test_env_value) {
                struct timeval tv;
                struct tm tm;
                time_t secs;

                gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
                secs = tv.tv_sec;
                gmtime_r(&secs, &tm);

                strbuf_addf(&token->token_id,
                            "%"PRIu64".%d.%4d%02d%02dT%02d%02d%02d.%06ldZ",
                            flush_count++,
                            getpid(),
                            tm.tm_year + 1900, tm.tm_mon + 1, tm.tm_mday,
                            tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec,
                            (long)tv.tv_usec);
        } else {
                strbuf_addf(&token->token_id, "test_%08x", test_env_value++);
        }

        /*
         * We created a new <token_id> and are starting a new series
         * of tokens with a zero <seq_nr>.
         *
         * Since clients cannot guess our new (non test) <token_id>
         * they will always receive a trivial response (because of the
         * mismatch on the <token_id>).  The trivial response will
         * tell them our new <token_id> so that subsequent requests
         * will be relative to our new series.  (And when sending that
         * response, we pin the current head of the batch list.)
         *
         * Even if the client correctly guesses the <token_id>, their
         * request of "builtin:<token_id>:0" asks for all changes MORE
         * RECENT than batch/bin 0.
         *
         * This implies that it is a waste to accumulate paths in the
         * initial batch/bin (because they will never be transmitted).
         *
         * So the daemon could be running for days and watching the
         * file system, but doesn't need to actually accumulate any
         * paths UNTIL we need to set a reference point for a later
         * relative request.
         *
         * However, it is very useful for testing to always have a
         * reference point set.  Pin batch 0 to force early file system
         * events to accumulate.
         */
        if (test_env_value)
                batch->pinned_time = time(NULL);

        return token;
}

struct fsmonitor_batch *fsmonitor_batch__new(void)
{
        struct fsmonitor_batch *batch;

        CALLOC_ARRAY(batch, 1);

        return batch;
}

void fsmonitor_batch__free_list(struct fsmonitor_batch *batch)
{
        while (batch) {
                struct fsmonitor_batch *next = batch->next;

                /*
                 * The actual strings within the array of this batch
                 * are interned, so we don't own them.  We only own
                 * the array.
                 */
                free(batch->interned_paths);
                free(batch);

                batch = next;
        }
}

void fsmonitor_batch__add_path(struct fsmonitor_batch *batch,
                               const char *path)
{
        const char *interned_path = strintern(path);

        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "event: %s", interned_path);

        ALLOC_GROW(batch->interned_paths, batch->nr + 1, batch->alloc);
        batch->interned_paths[batch->nr++] = interned_path;
}

static void fsmonitor_batch__combine(struct fsmonitor_batch *batch_dest,
                                     const struct fsmonitor_batch *batch_src)
{
        size_t k;

        ALLOC_GROW(batch_dest->interned_paths,
                   batch_dest->nr + batch_src->nr + 1,
                   batch_dest->alloc);

        for (k = 0; k < batch_src->nr; k++)
                batch_dest->interned_paths[batch_dest->nr++] =
                        batch_src->interned_paths[k];
}

/*
 * To keep the batch list from growing unbounded in response to filesystem
 * activity, we try to truncate old batches from the end of the list as
 * they become irrelevant.
 *
 * We assume that the .git/index will be updated with the most recent token
 * any time the index is updated.  And future commands will only ask for
 * recent changes *since* that new token.  So as tokens advance into the
 * future, older batch items will never be requested/needed.  So we can
 * truncate them without loss of functionality.
 *
 * However, multiple commands may be talking to the daemon concurrently
 * or perform a slow command, so a little "token skew" is possible.
 * Therefore, we want this to be a little bit lazy and have a generous
 * delay.
 *
 * The current reader thread walked backwards in time from `token->batch_head`
 * back to `batch_marker` somewhere in the middle of the batch list.
 *
 * Let's walk backwards in time from that marker an arbitrary delay
 * and truncate the list there.  Note that these timestamps are completely
 * artificial (based on when we pinned the batch item) and not on any
 * filesystem activity.
 *
 * Return the obsolete portion of the list after we have removed it from
 * the official list so that the caller can free it after leaving the lock.
 */
#define MY_TIME_DELAY_SECONDS (5 * 60) /* seconds */

static struct fsmonitor_batch *with_lock__truncate_old_batches(
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state,
        const struct fsmonitor_batch *batch_marker)
{
        /* assert current thread holding state->main_lock */

        const struct fsmonitor_batch *batch;
        struct fsmonitor_batch *remainder;

        if (!batch_marker)
                return NULL;

        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "Truncate: mark (%"PRIu64",%"PRIu64")",
                         batch_marker->batch_seq_nr,
                         (uint64_t)batch_marker->pinned_time);

        for (batch = batch_marker; batch; batch = batch->next) {
                time_t t;

                if (!batch->pinned_time) /* an overflow batch */
                        continue;

                t = batch->pinned_time + MY_TIME_DELAY_SECONDS;
                if (t > batch_marker->pinned_time) /* too close to marker */
                        continue;

                goto truncate_past_here;
        }

        return NULL;

truncate_past_here:
        state->current_token_data->batch_tail = (struct fsmonitor_batch *)batch;

        remainder = ((struct fsmonitor_batch *)batch)->next;
        ((struct fsmonitor_batch *)batch)->next = NULL;

        return remainder;
}

static void fsmonitor_free_token_data(struct fsmonitor_token_data *token)
{
        if (!token)
                return;

        assert(token->client_ref_count == 0);

        strbuf_release(&token->token_id);

        fsmonitor_batch__free_list(token->batch_head);

        free(token);
}

/*
 * Flush all of our cached data about the filesystem.  Call this if we
 * lose sync with the filesystem and miss some notification events.
 *
 * [1] If we are missing events, then we no longer have a complete
 *     history of the directory (relative to our current start token).
 *     We should create a new token and start fresh (as if we just
 *     booted up).
 *
 * [2] Some of those lost events may have been for cookie files.  We
 *     should assume the worst and abort them rather letting them starve.
 *
 * If there are no concurrent threads reading the current token data
 * series, we can free it now.  Otherwise, let the last reader free
 * it.
 *
 * Either way, the old token data series is no longer associated with
 * our state data.
 */
static void with_lock__do_force_resync(struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state)
{
        /* assert current thread holding state->main_lock */

        struct fsmonitor_token_data *free_me = NULL;
        struct fsmonitor_token_data *new_one = NULL;

        new_one = fsmonitor_new_token_data();

        if (state->current_token_data->client_ref_count == 0)
                free_me = state->current_token_data;
        state->current_token_data = new_one;

        fsmonitor_free_token_data(free_me);

        with_lock__abort_all_cookies(state);
}

void fsmonitor_force_resync(struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state)
{
        pthread_mutex_lock(&state->main_lock);
        with_lock__do_force_resync(state);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->main_lock);
}

/*
 * Format an opaque token string to send to the client.
 */
static void with_lock__format_response_token(
        struct strbuf *response_token,
        const struct strbuf *response_token_id,
        const struct fsmonitor_batch *batch)
{
        /* assert current thread holding state->main_lock */

        strbuf_reset(response_token);
        strbuf_addf(response_token, "builtin:%s:%"PRIu64,
                    response_token_id->buf, batch->batch_seq_nr);
}

/*
 * Parse an opaque token from the client.
 * Returns -1 on error.
 */
static int fsmonitor_parse_client_token(const char *buf_token,
                                        struct strbuf *requested_token_id,
                                        uint64_t *seq_nr)
{
        const char *p;
        char *p_end;

        strbuf_reset(requested_token_id);
        *seq_nr = 0;

        if (!skip_prefix(buf_token, "builtin:", &p))
                return -1;

        while (*p && *p != ':')
                strbuf_addch(requested_token_id, *p++);
        if (!*p++)
                return -1;

        *seq_nr = (uint64_t)strtoumax(p, &p_end, 10);
        if (*p_end)
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

KHASH_INIT(str, const char *, int, 0, kh_str_hash_func, kh_str_hash_equal)

static int do_handle_client(struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state,
                            const char *command,
                            ipc_server_reply_cb *reply,
                            struct ipc_server_reply_data *reply_data)
{
        struct fsmonitor_token_data *token_data = NULL;
        struct strbuf response_token = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf requested_token_id = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
        uint64_t requested_oldest_seq_nr = 0;
        uint64_t total_response_len = 0;
        const char *p;
        const struct fsmonitor_batch *batch_head;
        const struct fsmonitor_batch *batch;
        struct fsmonitor_batch *remainder = NULL;
        intmax_t count = 0, duplicates = 0;
        kh_str_t *shown;
        int hash_ret;
        int do_trivial = 0;
        int do_flush = 0;
        int do_cookie = 0;
        enum fsmonitor_cookie_item_result cookie_result;

        /*
         * We expect `command` to be of the form:
         *
         * <command> := quit NUL
         *            | flush NUL
         *            | <V1-time-since-epoch-ns> NUL
         *            | <V2-opaque-fsmonitor-token> NUL
         */

        if (!strcmp(command, "quit")) {
                /*
                 * A client has requested over the socket/pipe that the
                 * daemon shutdown.
                 *
                 * Tell the IPC thread pool to shutdown (which completes
                 * the await in the main thread (which can stop the
                 * fsmonitor listener thread)).
                 *
                 * There is no reply to the client.
                 */
                return SIMPLE_IPC_QUIT;

        } else if (!strcmp(command, "flush")) {
                /*
                 * Flush all of our cached data and generate a new token
                 * just like if we lost sync with the filesystem.
                 *
                 * Then send a trivial response using the new token.
                 */
                do_flush = 1;
                do_trivial = 1;

        } else if (!skip_prefix(command, "builtin:", &p)) {
                /* assume V1 timestamp or garbage */

                char *p_end;

                strtoumax(command, &p_end, 10);
                trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor,
                                 ((*p_end) ?
                                  "fsmonitor: invalid command line '%s'" :
                                  "fsmonitor: unsupported V1 protocol '%s'"),
                                 command);
                do_trivial = 1;

        } else {
                /* We have "builtin:*" */
                if (fsmonitor_parse_client_token(command, &requested_token_id,
                                                 &requested_oldest_seq_nr)) {
                        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor,
                                         "fsmonitor: invalid V2 protocol token '%s'",
                                         command);
                        do_trivial = 1;

                } else {
                        /*
                         * We have a V2 valid token:
                         *     "builtin:<token_id>:<seq_nr>"
                         */
                        do_cookie = 1;
                }
        }

        pthread_mutex_lock(&state->main_lock);

        if (!state->current_token_data)
                BUG("fsmonitor state does not have a current token");

        /*
         * Write a cookie file inside the directory being watched in
         * an effort to flush out existing filesystem events that we
         * actually care about.  Suspend this client thread until we
         * see the filesystem events for this cookie file.
         *
         * Creating the cookie lets us guarantee that our FS listener
         * thread has drained the kernel queue and we are caught up
         * with the kernel.
         *
         * If we cannot create the cookie (or otherwise guarantee that
         * we are caught up), we send a trivial response.  We have to
         * assume that there might be some very, very recent activity
         * on the FS still in flight.
         */
        if (do_cookie) {
                cookie_result = with_lock__wait_for_cookie(state);
                if (cookie_result != FCIR_SEEN) {
                        error(_("fsmonitor: cookie_result '%d' != SEEN"),
                              cookie_result);
                        do_trivial = 1;
                }
        }

        if (do_flush)
                with_lock__do_force_resync(state);

        /*
         * We mark the current head of the batch list as "pinned" so
         * that the listener thread will treat this item as read-only
         * (and prevent any more paths from being added to it) from
         * now on.
         */
        token_data = state->current_token_data;
        batch_head = token_data->batch_head;
        ((struct fsmonitor_batch *)batch_head)->pinned_time = time(NULL);

        /*
         * FSMonitor Protocol V2 requires that we send a response header
         * with a "new current token" and then all of the paths that changed
         * since the "requested token".  We send the seq_nr of the just-pinned
         * head batch so that future requests from a client will be relative
         * to it.
         */
        with_lock__format_response_token(&response_token,
                                         &token_data->token_id, batch_head);

        reply(reply_data, response_token.buf, response_token.len + 1);
        total_response_len += response_token.len + 1;

        trace2_data_string("fsmonitor", the_repository, "response/token",
                           response_token.buf);
        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "response token: %s",
                         response_token.buf);

        if (!do_trivial) {
                if (strcmp(requested_token_id.buf, token_data->token_id.buf)) {
                        /*
                         * The client last spoke to a different daemon
                         * instance -OR- the daemon had to resync with
                         * the filesystem (and lost events), so reject.
                         */
                        trace2_data_string("fsmonitor", the_repository,
                                           "response/token", "different");
                        do_trivial = 1;

                } else if (requested_oldest_seq_nr <
                           token_data->batch_tail->batch_seq_nr) {
                        /*
                         * The client wants older events than we have for
                         * this token_id.  This means that the end of our
                         * batch list was truncated and we cannot give the
                         * client a complete snapshot relative to their
                         * request.
                         */
                        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor,
                                         "client requested truncated data");
                        do_trivial = 1;
                }
        }

        if (do_trivial) {
                pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->main_lock);

                reply(reply_data, "/", 2);

                trace2_data_intmax("fsmonitor", the_repository,
                                   "response/trivial", 1);

                goto cleanup;
        }

        /*
         * We're going to hold onto a pointer to the current
         * token-data while we walk the list of batches of files.
         * During this time, we will NOT be under the lock.
         * So we ref-count it.
         *
         * This allows the listener thread to continue prepending
         * new batches of items to the token-data (which we'll ignore).
         *
         * AND it allows the listener thread to do a token-reset
         * (and install a new `current_token_data`).
         */
        token_data->client_ref_count++;

        pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->main_lock);

        /*
         * The client request is relative to the token that they sent,
         * so walk the batch list backwards from the current head back
         * to the batch (sequence number) they named.
         *
         * We use khash to de-dup the list of pathnames.
         *
         * NEEDSWORK: each batch contains a list of interned strings,
         * so we only need to do pointer comparisons here to build the
         * hash table.  Currently, we're still comparing the string
         * values.
         */
        shown = kh_init_str();
        for (batch = batch_head;
             batch && batch->batch_seq_nr > requested_oldest_seq_nr;
             batch = batch->next) {
                size_t k;

                for (k = 0; k < batch->nr; k++) {
                        const char *s = batch->interned_paths[k];
                        size_t s_len;

                        if (kh_get_str(shown, s) != kh_end(shown))
                                duplicates++;
                        else {
                                kh_put_str(shown, s, &hash_ret);

                                trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor,
                                                 "send[%"PRIuMAX"]: %s",
                                                 count, s);

                                /* Each path gets written with a trailing NUL */
                                s_len = strlen(s) + 1;

                                if (payload.len + s_len >=
                                    LARGE_PACKET_DATA_MAX) {
                                        reply(reply_data, payload.buf,
                                              payload.len);
                                        total_response_len += payload.len;
                                        strbuf_reset(&payload);
                                }

                                strbuf_add(&payload, s, s_len);
                                count++;
                        }
                }
        }

        if (payload.len) {
                reply(reply_data, payload.buf, payload.len);
                total_response_len += payload.len;
        }

        kh_release_str(shown);

        pthread_mutex_lock(&state->main_lock);

        if (token_data->client_ref_count > 0)
                token_data->client_ref_count--;

        if (token_data->client_ref_count == 0) {
                if (token_data != state->current_token_data) {
                        /*
                         * The listener thread did a token-reset while we were
                         * walking the batch list.  Therefore, this token is
                         * stale and can be discarded completely.  If we are
                         * the last reader thread using this token, we own
                         * that work.
                         */
                        fsmonitor_free_token_data(token_data);
                } else if (batch) {
                        /*
                         * We are holding the lock and are the only
                         * reader of the ref-counted portion of the
                         * list, so we get the honor of seeing if the
                         * list can be truncated to save memory.
                         *
                         * The main loop did not walk to the end of the
                         * list, so this batch is the first item in the
                         * batch-list that is older than the requested
                         * end-point sequence number.  See if the tail
                         * end of the list is obsolete.
                         */
                        remainder = with_lock__truncate_old_batches(state,
                                                                    batch);
                }
        }

        pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->main_lock);

        if (remainder)
                fsmonitor_batch__free_list(remainder);

        trace2_data_intmax("fsmonitor", the_repository, "response/length", total_response_len);
        trace2_data_intmax("fsmonitor", the_repository, "response/count/files", count);
        trace2_data_intmax("fsmonitor", the_repository, "response/count/duplicates", duplicates);

cleanup:
        strbuf_release(&response_token);
        strbuf_release(&requested_token_id);
        strbuf_release(&payload);

        return 0;
}

static ipc_server_application_cb handle_client;

static int handle_client(void *data,
                         const char *command, size_t command_len,
                         ipc_server_reply_cb *reply,
                         struct ipc_server_reply_data *reply_data)
{
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state = data;
        int result;

        /*
         * The Simple IPC API now supports {char*, len} arguments, but
         * FSMonitor always uses proper null-terminated strings, so
         * we can ignore the command_len argument.  (Trust, but verify.)
         */
        if (command_len != strlen(command))
                BUG("FSMonitor assumes text messages");

        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "requested token: %s", command);

        trace2_region_enter("fsmonitor", "handle_client", the_repository);
        trace2_data_string("fsmonitor", the_repository, "request", command);

        result = do_handle_client(state, command, reply, reply_data);

        trace2_region_leave("fsmonitor", "handle_client", the_repository);

        return result;
}

#define FSMONITOR_DIR           "fsmonitor--daemon"
#define FSMONITOR_COOKIE_DIR    "cookies"
#define FSMONITOR_COOKIE_PREFIX (FSMONITOR_DIR "/" FSMONITOR_COOKIE_DIR "/")

enum fsmonitor_path_type fsmonitor_classify_path_workdir_relative(
        const char *rel)
{
        if (fspathncmp(rel, ".git", 4))
                return IS_WORKDIR_PATH;
        rel += 4;

        if (!*rel)
                return IS_DOT_GIT;
        if (*rel != '/')
                return IS_WORKDIR_PATH; /* e.g. .gitignore */
        rel++;

        if (!fspathncmp(rel, FSMONITOR_COOKIE_PREFIX,
                        strlen(FSMONITOR_COOKIE_PREFIX)))
                return IS_INSIDE_DOT_GIT_WITH_COOKIE_PREFIX;

        return IS_INSIDE_DOT_GIT;
}

enum fsmonitor_path_type fsmonitor_classify_path_gitdir_relative(
        const char *rel)
{
        if (!fspathncmp(rel, FSMONITOR_COOKIE_PREFIX,
                        strlen(FSMONITOR_COOKIE_PREFIX)))
                return IS_INSIDE_GITDIR_WITH_COOKIE_PREFIX;

        return IS_INSIDE_GITDIR;
}

static enum fsmonitor_path_type try_classify_workdir_abs_path(
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state,
        const char *path)
{
        const char *rel;

        if (fspathncmp(path, state->path_worktree_watch.buf,
                       state->path_worktree_watch.len))
                return IS_OUTSIDE_CONE;

        rel = path + state->path_worktree_watch.len;

        if (!*rel)
                return IS_WORKDIR_PATH; /* it is the root dir exactly */
        if (*rel != '/')
                return IS_OUTSIDE_CONE;
        rel++;

        return fsmonitor_classify_path_workdir_relative(rel);
}

enum fsmonitor_path_type fsmonitor_classify_path_absolute(
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state,
        const char *path)
{
        const char *rel;
        enum fsmonitor_path_type t;

        t = try_classify_workdir_abs_path(state, path);
        if (state->nr_paths_watching == 1)
                return t;
        if (t != IS_OUTSIDE_CONE)
                return t;

        if (fspathncmp(path, state->path_gitdir_watch.buf,
                       state->path_gitdir_watch.len))
                return IS_OUTSIDE_CONE;

        rel = path + state->path_gitdir_watch.len;

        if (!*rel)
                return IS_GITDIR; /* it is the <gitdir> exactly */
        if (*rel != '/')
                return IS_OUTSIDE_CONE;
        rel++;

        return fsmonitor_classify_path_gitdir_relative(rel);
}

/*
 * We try to combine small batches at the front of the batch-list to avoid
 * having a long list.  This hopefully makes it a little easier when we want
 * to truncate and maintain the list.  However, we don't want the paths array
 * to just keep growing and growing with realloc, so we insert an arbitrary
 * limit.
 */
#define MY_COMBINE_LIMIT (1024)

void fsmonitor_publish(struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state,
                       struct fsmonitor_batch *batch,
                       const struct string_list *cookie_names)
{
        if (!batch && !cookie_names->nr)
                return;

        pthread_mutex_lock(&state->main_lock);

        if (batch) {
                struct fsmonitor_batch *head;

                head = state->current_token_data->batch_head;
                if (!head) {
                        BUG("token does not have batch");
                } else if (head->pinned_time) {
                        /*
                         * We cannot alter the current batch list
                         * because:
                         *
                         * [a] it is being transmitted to at least one
                         * client and the handle_client() thread has a
                         * ref-count, but not a lock on the batch list
                         * starting with this item.
                         *
                         * [b] it has been transmitted in the past to
                         * at least one client such that future
                         * requests are relative to this head batch.
                         *
                         * So, we can only prepend a new batch onto
                         * the front of the list.
                         */
                        batch->batch_seq_nr = head->batch_seq_nr + 1;
                        batch->next = head;
                        state->current_token_data->batch_head = batch;
                } else if (!head->batch_seq_nr) {
                        /*
                         * Batch 0 is unpinned.  See the note in
                         * `fsmonitor_new_token_data()` about why we
                         * don't need to accumulate these paths.
                         */
                        fsmonitor_batch__free_list(batch);
                } else if (head->nr + batch->nr > MY_COMBINE_LIMIT) {
                        /*
                         * The head batch in the list has never been
                         * transmitted to a client, but folding the
                         * contents of the new batch onto it would
                         * exceed our arbitrary limit, so just prepend
                         * the new batch onto the list.
                         */
                        batch->batch_seq_nr = head->batch_seq_nr + 1;
                        batch->next = head;
                        state->current_token_data->batch_head = batch;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * We are free to add the paths in the given
                         * batch onto the end of the current head batch.
                         */
                        fsmonitor_batch__combine(head, batch);
                        fsmonitor_batch__free_list(batch);
                }
        }

        if (cookie_names->nr)
                with_lock__mark_cookies_seen(state, cookie_names);

        pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->main_lock);
}

static void *fsm_health__thread_proc(void *_state)
{
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state = _state;

        trace2_thread_start("fsm-health");

        fsm_health__loop(state);

        trace2_thread_exit();
        return NULL;
}

static void *fsm_listen__thread_proc(void *_state)
{
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state = _state;

        trace2_thread_start("fsm-listen");

        trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "Watching: worktree '%s'",
                         state->path_worktree_watch.buf);
        if (state->nr_paths_watching > 1)
                trace_printf_key(&trace_fsmonitor, "Watching: gitdir '%s'",
                                 state->path_gitdir_watch.buf);

        fsm_listen__loop(state);

        pthread_mutex_lock(&state->main_lock);
        if (state->current_token_data &&
            state->current_token_data->client_ref_count == 0)
                fsmonitor_free_token_data(state->current_token_data);
        state->current_token_data = NULL;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&state->main_lock);

        trace2_thread_exit();
        return NULL;
}

static int fsmonitor_run_daemon_1(struct fsmonitor_daemon_state *state)
{
        struct ipc_server_opts ipc_opts = {
                .nr_threads = fsmonitor__ipc_threads,

                /*
                 * We know that there are no other active threads yet,
                 * so we can let the IPC layer temporarily chdir() if
                 * it needs to when creating the server side of the
                 * Unix domain socket.
                 */
                .uds_disallow_chdir = 0
        };
        int health_started = 0;
        int listener_started = 0;
        int err = 0;

        /*
         * Start the IPC thread pool before the we've started the file
         * system event listener thread so that we have the IPC handle
         * before we need it.
         */
        if (ipc_server_run_async(&state->ipc_server_data,
                                 state->path_ipc.buf, &ipc_opts,
                                 handle_client, state))
                return error_errno(
                        _("could not start IPC thread pool on '%s'"),
                        state->path_ipc.buf);

        /*
         * Start the fsmonitor listener thread to collect filesystem
         * events.
         */
        if (pthread_create(&state->listener_thread, NULL,
                           fsm_listen__thread_proc, state) < 0) {
                ipc_server_stop_async(state->ipc_server_data);
                err = error(_("could not start fsmonitor listener thread"));
                goto cleanup;
        }
        listener_started = 1;

        /*
         * Start the health thread to watch over our process.
         */
        if (pthread_create(&state->health_thread, NULL,
                           fsm_health__thread_proc, state) < 0) {
                ipc_server_stop_async(state->ipc_server_data);
                err = error(_("could not start fsmonitor health thread"));
                goto cleanup;
        }
        health_started = 1;

        /*
         * The daemon is now fully functional in background threads.
         * Our primary thread should now just wait while the threads
         * do all the work.
         */
cleanup:
        /*
         * Wait for the IPC thread pool to shutdown (whether by client
         * request, from filesystem activity, or an error).
         */
        ipc_server_await(state->ipc_server_data);

        /*
         * The fsmonitor listener thread may have received a shutdown
         * event from the IPC thread pool, but it doesn't hurt to tell
         * it again.  And wait for it to shutdown.
         */
        if (listener_started) {
                fsm_listen__stop_async(state);
                pthread_join(state->listener_thread, NULL);
        }

        if (health_started) {
                fsm_health__stop_async(state);
                pthread_join(state->health_thread, NULL);
        }

        if (err)
                return err;
        if (state->listen_error_code)
                return state->listen_error_code;
        if (state->health_error_code)
                return state->health_error_code;
        return 0;
}

static int fsmonitor_run_daemon(void)
{
        struct fsmonitor_daemon_state state;
        const char *home;
        int err;

        memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));

        hashmap_init(&state.cookies, cookies_cmp, NULL, 0);
        pthread_mutex_init(&state.main_lock, NULL);
        pthread_cond_init(&state.cookies_cond, NULL);
        state.listen_error_code = 0;
        state.health_error_code = 0;
        state.current_token_data = fsmonitor_new_token_data();

        /* Prepare to (recursively) watch the <worktree-root> directory. */
        strbuf_init(&state.path_worktree_watch, 0);
        strbuf_addstr(&state.path_worktree_watch, absolute_path(get_git_work_tree()));
        state.nr_paths_watching = 1;

        strbuf_init(&state.alias.alias, 0);
        strbuf_init(&state.alias.points_to, 0);
        if ((err = fsmonitor__get_alias(state.path_worktree_watch.buf, &state.alias)))
                goto done;

        /*
         * We create and delete cookie files somewhere inside the .git
         * directory to help us keep sync with the file system.  If
         * ".git" is not a directory, then <gitdir> is not inside the
         * cone of <worktree-root>, so set up a second watch to watch
         * the <gitdir> so that we get events for the cookie files.
         */
        strbuf_init(&state.path_gitdir_watch, 0);
        strbuf_addbuf(&state.path_gitdir_watch, &state.path_worktree_watch);
        strbuf_addstr(&state.path_gitdir_watch, "/.git");
        if (!is_directory(state.path_gitdir_watch.buf)) {
                strbuf_reset(&state.path_gitdir_watch);
                strbuf_addstr(&state.path_gitdir_watch, absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
                state.nr_paths_watching = 2;
        }

        /*
         * We will write filesystem syncing cookie files into
         * <gitdir>/<fsmonitor-dir>/<cookie-dir>/<pid>-<seq>.
         *
         * The extra layers of subdirectories here keep us from
         * changing the mtime on ".git/" or ".git/foo/" when we create
         * or delete cookie files.
         *
         * There have been problems with some IDEs that do a
         * non-recursive watch of the ".git/" directory and run a
         * series of commands any time something happens.
         *
         * For example, if we place our cookie files directly in
         * ".git/" or ".git/foo/" then a `git status` (or similar
         * command) from the IDE will cause a cookie file to be
         * created in one of those dirs.  This causes the mtime of
         * those dirs to change.  This triggers the IDE's watch
         * notification.  This triggers the IDE to run those commands
         * again.  And the process repeats and the machine never goes
         * idle.
         *
         * Adding the extra layers of subdirectories prevents the
         * mtime of ".git/" and ".git/foo" from changing when a
         * cookie file is created.
         */
        strbuf_init(&state.path_cookie_prefix, 0);
        strbuf_addbuf(&state.path_cookie_prefix, &state.path_gitdir_watch);

        strbuf_addch(&state.path_cookie_prefix, '/');
        strbuf_addstr(&state.path_cookie_prefix, FSMONITOR_DIR);
        mkdir(state.path_cookie_prefix.buf, 0777);

        strbuf_addch(&state.path_cookie_prefix, '/');
        strbuf_addstr(&state.path_cookie_prefix, FSMONITOR_COOKIE_DIR);
        mkdir(state.path_cookie_prefix.buf, 0777);

        strbuf_addch(&state.path_cookie_prefix, '/');

        /*
         * We create a named-pipe or unix domain socket inside of the
         * ".git" directory.  (Well, on Windows, we base our named
         * pipe in the NPFS on the absolute path of the git
         * directory.)
         */
        strbuf_init(&state.path_ipc, 0);
        strbuf_addstr(&state.path_ipc,
                absolute_path(fsmonitor_ipc__get_path(the_repository)));

        /*
         * Confirm that we can create platform-specific resources for the
         * filesystem listener before we bother starting all the threads.
         */
        if (fsm_listen__ctor(&state)) {
                err = error(_("could not initialize listener thread"));
                goto done;
        }

        if (fsm_health__ctor(&state)) {
                err = error(_("could not initialize health thread"));
                goto done;
        }

        /*
         * CD out of the worktree root directory.
         *
         * The common Git startup mechanism causes our CWD to be the
         * root of the worktree.  On Windows, this causes our process
         * to hold a locked handle on the CWD.  This prevents the
         * worktree from being moved or deleted while the daemon is
         * running.
         *
         * We assume that our FS and IPC listener threads have either
         * opened all of the handles that they need or will do
         * everything using absolute paths.
         */
        home = getenv("HOME");
        if (home && *home && chdir(home))
                die_errno(_("could not cd home '%s'"), home);

        err = fsmonitor_run_daemon_1(&state);

done:
        pthread_cond_destroy(&state.cookies_cond);
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&state.main_lock);
        fsm_listen__dtor(&state);
        fsm_health__dtor(&state);

        ipc_server_free(state.ipc_server_data);

        strbuf_release(&state.path_worktree_watch);
        strbuf_release(&state.path_gitdir_watch);
        strbuf_release(&state.path_cookie_prefix);
        strbuf_release(&state.path_ipc);
        strbuf_release(&state.alias.alias);
        strbuf_release(&state.alias.points_to);

        return err;
}

static int try_to_run_foreground_daemon(int detach_console)
{
        /*
         * Technically, we don't need to probe for an existing daemon
         * process, since we could just call `fsmonitor_run_daemon()`
         * and let it fail if the pipe/socket is busy.
         *
         * However, this method gives us a nicer error message for a
         * common error case.
         */
        if (fsmonitor_ipc__get_state() == IPC_STATE__LISTENING)
                die(_("fsmonitor--daemon is already running '%s'"),
                    the_repository->worktree);

        if (fsmonitor__announce_startup) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("running fsmonitor-daemon in '%s'\n"),
                        the_repository->worktree);
                fflush(stderr);
        }

#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
        if (detach_console)
                FreeConsole();
#endif

        return !!fsmonitor_run_daemon();
}

static start_bg_wait_cb bg_wait_cb;

static int bg_wait_cb(const struct child_process *cp, void *cb_data)
{
        enum ipc_active_state s = fsmonitor_ipc__get_state();

        switch (s) {
        case IPC_STATE__LISTENING:
                /* child is "ready" */
                return 0;

        case IPC_STATE__NOT_LISTENING:
        case IPC_STATE__PATH_NOT_FOUND:
                /* give child more time */
                return 1;

        default:
        case IPC_STATE__INVALID_PATH:
        case IPC_STATE__OTHER_ERROR:
                /* all the time in world won't help */
                return -1;
        }
}

static int try_to_start_background_daemon(void)
{
        struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
        enum start_bg_result sbgr;

        /*
         * Before we try to create a background daemon process, see
         * if a daemon process is already listening.  This makes it
         * easier for us to report an already-listening error to the
         * console, since our spawn/daemon can only report the success
         * of creating the background process (and not whether it
         * immediately exited).
         */
        if (fsmonitor_ipc__get_state() == IPC_STATE__LISTENING)
                die(_("fsmonitor--daemon is already running '%s'"),
                    the_repository->worktree);

        if (fsmonitor__announce_startup) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("starting fsmonitor-daemon in '%s'\n"),
                        the_repository->worktree);
                fflush(stderr);
        }

        cp.git_cmd = 1;

        strvec_push(&cp.args, "fsmonitor--daemon");
        strvec_push(&cp.args, "run");
        strvec_push(&cp.args, "--detach");
        strvec_pushf(&cp.args, "--ipc-threads=%d", fsmonitor__ipc_threads);

        cp.no_stdin = 1;
        cp.no_stdout = 1;
        cp.no_stderr = 1;

        sbgr = start_bg_command(&cp, bg_wait_cb, NULL,
                                fsmonitor__start_timeout_sec);

        switch (sbgr) {
        case SBGR_READY:
                return 0;

        default:
        case SBGR_ERROR:
        case SBGR_CB_ERROR:
                return error(_("daemon failed to start"));

        case SBGR_TIMEOUT:
                return error(_("daemon not online yet"));

        case SBGR_DIED:
                return error(_("daemon terminated"));
        }
}

int cmd_fsmonitor__daemon(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        const char *subcmd;
        enum fsmonitor_reason reason;
        int detach_console = 0;

        struct option options[] = {
                OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &detach_console, N_("detach from console")),
                OPT_INTEGER(0, "ipc-threads",
                            &fsmonitor__ipc_threads,
                            N_("use <n> ipc worker threads")),
                OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-timeout",
                            &fsmonitor__start_timeout_sec,
                            N_("max seconds to wait for background daemon startup")),

                OPT_END()
        };

        git_config(fsmonitor_config, NULL);

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
                             builtin_fsmonitor__daemon_usage, 0);
        if (argc != 1)
                usage_with_options(builtin_fsmonitor__daemon_usage, options);
        subcmd = argv[0];

        if (fsmonitor__ipc_threads < 1)
                die(_("invalid 'ipc-threads' value (%d)"),
                    fsmonitor__ipc_threads);

        prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
        /*
         * If the repo is fsmonitor-compatible, explicitly set IPC-mode
         * (without bothering to load the `core.fsmonitor` config settings).
         *
         * If the repo is not compatible, the repo-settings will be set to
         * incompatible rather than IPC, so we can use one of the __get
         * routines to detect the discrepancy.
         */
        fsm_settings__set_ipc(the_repository);

        reason = fsm_settings__get_reason(the_repository);
        if (reason > FSMONITOR_REASON_OK)
                die("%s",
                    fsm_settings__get_incompatible_msg(the_repository,
                                                       reason));

        if (!strcmp(subcmd, "start"))
                return !!try_to_start_background_daemon();

        if (!strcmp(subcmd, "run"))
                return !!try_to_run_foreground_daemon(detach_console);

        if (!strcmp(subcmd, "stop"))
                return !!do_as_client__send_stop();

        if (!strcmp(subcmd, "status"))
                return !!do_as_client__status();

        die(_("Unhandled subcommand '%s'"), subcmd);
}

#else
int cmd_fsmonitor__daemon(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct option options[] = {
                OPT_END()
        };

        if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
                usage_with_options(builtin_fsmonitor__daemon_usage, options);

        die(_("fsmonitor--daemon not supported on this platform"));
}
#endif