maintenance(systemd): support the Windows Subsystem for Linux

[git.git] / builtin / fetch.c

/*
 * "git fetch"
 */
#include "builtin.h"
#include "advice.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "gettext.h"
#include "environment.h"
#include "hex.h"
#include "repository.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "refspec.h"
#include "object-name.h"
#include "object-store-ll.h"
#include "oidset.h"
#include "oid-array.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "string-list.h"
#include "remote.h"
#include "transport.h"
#include "run-command.h"
#include "parse-options.h"
#include "sigchain.h"
#include "submodule-config.h"
#include "submodule.h"
#include "connected.h"
#include "strvec.h"
#include "utf8.h"
#include "packfile.h"
#include "pager.h"
#include "path.h"
#include "pkt-line.h"
#include "list-objects-filter-options.h"
#include "commit-reach.h"
#include "branch.h"
#include "promisor-remote.h"
#include "commit-graph.h"
#include "shallow.h"
#include "trace.h"
#include "trace2.h"
#include "worktree.h"
#include "bundle-uri.h"

#define FORCED_UPDATES_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS (10 * 1000)

static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
        N_("git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
        N_("git fetch [<options>] <group>"),
        N_("git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"),
        N_("git fetch --all [<options>]"),
        NULL
};

enum {
        TAGS_UNSET = 0,
        TAGS_DEFAULT = 1,
        TAGS_SET = 2
};

enum display_format {
        DISPLAY_FORMAT_FULL,
        DISPLAY_FORMAT_COMPACT,
        DISPLAY_FORMAT_PORCELAIN,
};

struct display_state {
        struct strbuf buf;

        int refcol_width;
        enum display_format format;

        char *url;
        int url_len, shown_url;
};

static uint64_t forced_updates_ms = 0;
static int prefetch = 0;
static int prune = -1; /* unspecified */
#define PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune by default? */

static int prune_tags = -1; /* unspecified */
#define PRUNE_TAGS_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune tags by default? */

static int append, dry_run, force, keep, update_head_ok;
static int write_fetch_head = 1;
static int verbosity, deepen_relative, set_upstream, refetch;
static int progress = -1;
static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, update_shallow, deepen;
static int atomic_fetch;
static enum transport_family family;
static const char *depth;
static const char *deepen_since;
static const char *upload_pack;
static struct string_list deepen_not = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
static struct transport *gtransport;
static struct transport *gsecondary;
static struct refspec refmap = REFSPEC_INIT_FETCH;
static struct list_objects_filter_options filter_options = LIST_OBJECTS_FILTER_INIT;
static struct string_list server_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
static struct string_list negotiation_tip = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;

struct fetch_config {
        enum display_format display_format;
        int prune;
        int prune_tags;
        int show_forced_updates;
        int recurse_submodules;
        int parallel;
        int submodule_fetch_jobs;
};

static int git_fetch_config(const char *k, const char *v,
                            const struct config_context *ctx, void *cb)
{
        struct fetch_config *fetch_config = cb;

        if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prune")) {
                fetch_config->prune = git_config_bool(k, v);
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prunetags")) {
                fetch_config->prune_tags = git_config_bool(k, v);
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.showforcedupdates")) {
                fetch_config->show_forced_updates = git_config_bool(k, v);
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(k, "submodule.recurse")) {
                int r = git_config_bool(k, v) ?
                        RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON : RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
                fetch_config->recurse_submodules = r;
        }

        if (!strcmp(k, "submodule.fetchjobs")) {
                fetch_config->submodule_fetch_jobs = parse_submodule_fetchjobs(k, v, ctx->kvi);
                return 0;
        } else if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.recursesubmodules")) {
                fetch_config->recurse_submodules = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(k, v);
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.parallel")) {
                fetch_config->parallel = git_config_int(k, v, ctx->kvi);
                if (fetch_config->parallel < 0)
                        die(_("fetch.parallel cannot be negative"));
                if (!fetch_config->parallel)
                        fetch_config->parallel = online_cpus();
                return 0;
        }

        if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.output")) {
                if (!v)
                        return config_error_nonbool(k);
                else if (!strcasecmp(v, "full"))
                        fetch_config->display_format = DISPLAY_FORMAT_FULL;
                else if (!strcasecmp(v, "compact"))
                        fetch_config->display_format = DISPLAY_FORMAT_COMPACT;
                else
                        die(_("invalid value for '%s': '%s'"),
                            "fetch.output", v);
        }

        return git_default_config(k, v, ctx, cb);
}

static int parse_refmap_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
{
        BUG_ON_OPT_NEG(unset);

        /*
         * "git fetch --refmap='' origin foo"
         * can be used to tell the command not to store anywhere
         */
        refspec_append(&refmap, arg);

        return 0;
}

static void unlock_pack(unsigned int flags)
{
        if (gtransport)
                transport_unlock_pack(gtransport, flags);
        if (gsecondary)
                transport_unlock_pack(gsecondary, flags);
}

static void unlock_pack_atexit(void)
{
        unlock_pack(0);
}

static void unlock_pack_on_signal(int signo)
{
        unlock_pack(TRANSPORT_UNLOCK_PACK_IN_SIGNAL_HANDLER);
        sigchain_pop(signo);
        raise(signo);
}

static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
                           const struct ref *remote_refs,
                           struct branch *branch,
                           struct ref ***tail)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
                struct ref *rm, **old_tail = *tail;
                struct refspec_item refspec;

                for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
                        if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
                                rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                if (rm)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Not fetched to a remote-tracking branch?  We need to fetch
                 * it anyway to allow this branch's "branch.$name.merge"
                 * to be honored by 'git pull', but we do not have to
                 * fail if branch.$name.merge is misconfigured to point
                 * at a nonexisting branch.  If we were indeed called by
                 * 'git pull', it will notice the misconfiguration because
                 * there is no entry in the resulting FETCH_HEAD marked
                 * for merging.
                 */
                memset(&refspec, 0, sizeof(refspec));
                refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
                get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
                for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
                        rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
        }
}

static void create_fetch_oidset(struct ref **head, struct oidset *out)
{
        struct ref *rm = *head;
        while (rm) {
                oidset_insert(out, &rm->old_oid);
                rm = rm->next;
        }
}

struct refname_hash_entry {
        struct hashmap_entry ent;
        struct object_id oid;
        int ignore;
        char refname[FLEX_ARRAY];
};

static int refname_hash_entry_cmp(const void *hashmap_cmp_fn_data UNUSED,
                                  const struct hashmap_entry *eptr,
                                  const struct hashmap_entry *entry_or_key,
                                  const void *keydata)
{
        const struct refname_hash_entry *e1, *e2;

        e1 = container_of(eptr, const struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
        e2 = container_of(entry_or_key, const struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
        return strcmp(e1->refname, keydata ? keydata : e2->refname);
}

static struct refname_hash_entry *refname_hash_add(struct hashmap *map,
                                                   const char *refname,
                                                   const struct object_id *oid)
{
        struct refname_hash_entry *ent;
        size_t len = strlen(refname);

        FLEX_ALLOC_MEM(ent, refname, refname, len);
        hashmap_entry_init(&ent->ent, strhash(refname));
        oidcpy(&ent->oid, oid);
        hashmap_add(map, &ent->ent);
        return ent;
}

static int add_one_refname(const char *refname,
                           const struct object_id *oid,
                           int flag UNUSED, void *cbdata)
{
        struct hashmap *refname_map = cbdata;

        (void) refname_hash_add(refname_map, refname, oid);
        return 0;
}

static void refname_hash_init(struct hashmap *map)
{
        hashmap_init(map, refname_hash_entry_cmp, NULL, 0);
}

static int refname_hash_exists(struct hashmap *map, const char *refname)
{
        return !!hashmap_get_from_hash(map, strhash(refname), refname);
}

static void clear_item(struct refname_hash_entry *item)
{
        item->ignore = 1;
}


static void add_already_queued_tags(const char *refname,
                                    const struct object_id *old_oid,
                                    const struct object_id *new_oid,
                                    void *cb_data)
{
        struct hashmap *queued_tags = cb_data;
        if (starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/") && new_oid)
                (void) refname_hash_add(queued_tags, refname, new_oid);
}

static void find_non_local_tags(const struct ref *refs,
                                struct ref_transaction *transaction,
                                struct ref **head,
                                struct ref ***tail)
{
        struct hashmap existing_refs;
        struct hashmap remote_refs;
        struct oidset fetch_oids = OIDSET_INIT;
        struct string_list remote_refs_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
        struct string_list_item *remote_ref_item;
        const struct ref *ref;
        struct refname_hash_entry *item = NULL;
        const int quick_flags = OBJECT_INFO_QUICK | OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT;

        refname_hash_init(&existing_refs);
        refname_hash_init(&remote_refs);
        create_fetch_oidset(head, &fetch_oids);

        for_each_ref(add_one_refname, &existing_refs);

        /*
         * If we already have a transaction, then we need to filter out all
         * tags which have already been queued up.
         */
        if (transaction)
                ref_transaction_for_each_queued_update(transaction,
                                                       add_already_queued_tags,
                                                       &existing_refs);

        for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
                if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
                        continue;

                /*
                 * The peeled ref always follows the matching base
                 * ref, so if we see a peeled ref that we don't want
                 * to fetch then we can mark the ref entry in the list
                 * as one to ignore by setting util to NULL.
                 */
                if (ends_with(ref->name, "^{}")) {
                        if (item &&
                            !repo_has_object_file_with_flags(the_repository, &ref->old_oid, quick_flags) &&
                            !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &ref->old_oid) &&
                            !repo_has_object_file_with_flags(the_repository, &item->oid, quick_flags) &&
                            !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &item->oid))
                                clear_item(item);
                        item = NULL;
                        continue;
                }

                /*
                 * If item is non-NULL here, then we previously saw a
                 * ref not followed by a peeled reference, so we need
                 * to check if it is a lightweight tag that we want to
                 * fetch.
                 */
                if (item &&
                    !repo_has_object_file_with_flags(the_repository, &item->oid, quick_flags) &&
                    !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &item->oid))
                        clear_item(item);

                item = NULL;

                /* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
                if (refname_hash_exists(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
                    refname_hash_exists(&existing_refs, ref->name))
                        continue;

                item = refname_hash_add(&remote_refs, ref->name, &ref->old_oid);
                string_list_insert(&remote_refs_list, ref->name);
        }
        hashmap_clear_and_free(&existing_refs, struct refname_hash_entry, ent);

        /*
         * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
         * checked to see if it needs fetching.
         */
        if (item &&
            !repo_has_object_file_with_flags(the_repository, &item->oid, quick_flags) &&
            !oidset_contains(&fetch_oids, &item->oid))
                clear_item(item);

        /*
         * For all the tags in the remote_refs_list,
         * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
         */
        for_each_string_list_item(remote_ref_item, &remote_refs_list) {
                const char *refname = remote_ref_item->string;
                struct ref *rm;
                unsigned int hash = strhash(refname);

                item = hashmap_get_entry_from_hash(&remote_refs, hash, refname,
                                        struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
                if (!item)
                        BUG("unseen remote ref?");

                /* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
                if (item->ignore)
                        continue;

                rm = alloc_ref(item->refname);
                rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->refname);
                oidcpy(&rm->old_oid, &item->oid);
                **tail = rm;
                *tail = &rm->next;
        }
        hashmap_clear_and_free(&remote_refs, struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
        string_list_clear(&remote_refs_list, 0);
        oidset_clear(&fetch_oids);
}

static void filter_prefetch_refspec(struct refspec *rs)
{
        int i;

        if (!prefetch)
                return;

        for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
                struct strbuf new_dst = STRBUF_INIT;
                char *old_dst;
                const char *sub = NULL;

                if (rs->items[i].negative)
                        continue;
                if (!rs->items[i].dst ||
                    (rs->items[i].src &&
                     !strncmp(rs->items[i].src,
                              ref_namespace[NAMESPACE_TAGS].ref,
                              strlen(ref_namespace[NAMESPACE_TAGS].ref)))) {
                        int j;

                        free(rs->items[i].src);
                        free(rs->items[i].dst);

                        for (j = i + 1; j < rs->nr; j++) {
                                rs->items[j - 1] = rs->items[j];
                                rs->raw[j - 1] = rs->raw[j];
                        }
                        rs->nr--;
                        i--;
                        continue;
                }

                old_dst = rs->items[i].dst;
                strbuf_addstr(&new_dst, ref_namespace[NAMESPACE_PREFETCH].ref);

                /*
                 * If old_dst starts with "refs/", then place
                 * sub after that prefix. Otherwise, start at
                 * the beginning of the string.
                 */
                if (!skip_prefix(old_dst, "refs/", &sub))
                        sub = old_dst;
                strbuf_addstr(&new_dst, sub);

                rs->items[i].dst = strbuf_detach(&new_dst, NULL);
                rs->items[i].force = 1;

                free(old_dst);
        }
}

static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct remote *remote,
                               const struct ref *remote_refs,
                               struct refspec *rs,
                               int tags, int *autotags)
{
        int i;
        struct ref *rm;
        struct ref *ref_map = NULL;
        struct ref **tail = &ref_map;

        /* opportunistically-updated references: */
        struct ref *orefs = NULL, **oref_tail = &orefs;

        struct hashmap existing_refs;
        int existing_refs_populated = 0;

        filter_prefetch_refspec(rs);
        if (remote)
                filter_prefetch_refspec(&remote->fetch);

        if (rs->nr) {
                struct refspec *fetch_refspec;

                for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
                        get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &rs->items[i], &tail, 0);
                        if (rs->items[i].dst && rs->items[i].dst[0])
                                *autotags = 1;
                }
                /* Merge everything on the command line (but not --tags) */
                for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
                        rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;

                /*
                 * For any refs that we happen to be fetching via
                 * command-line arguments, the destination ref might
                 * have been missing or have been different than the
                 * remote-tracking ref that would be derived from the
                 * configured refspec.  In these cases, we want to
                 * take the opportunity to update their configured
                 * remote-tracking reference.  However, we do not want
                 * to mention these entries in FETCH_HEAD at all, as
                 * they would simply be duplicates of existing
                 * entries, so we set them FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE below.
                 *
                 * We compute these entries now, based only on the
                 * refspecs specified on the command line.  But we add
                 * them to the list following the refspecs resulting
                 * from the tags option so that one of the latter,
                 * which has FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE, is not removed
                 * by ref_remove_duplicates() in favor of one of these
                 * opportunistic entries with FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE.
                 */
                if (refmap.nr)
                        fetch_refspec = &refmap;
                else
                        fetch_refspec = &remote->fetch;

                for (i = 0; i < fetch_refspec->nr; i++)
                        get_fetch_map(ref_map, &fetch_refspec->items[i], &oref_tail, 1);
        } else if (refmap.nr) {
                die("--refmap option is only meaningful with command-line refspec(s)");
        } else {
                /* Use the defaults */
                struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
                int has_merge = branch_has_merge_config(branch);
                if (remote &&
                    (remote->fetch.nr ||
                     /* Note: has_merge implies non-NULL branch->remote_name */
                     (has_merge && !strcmp(branch->remote_name, remote->name)))) {
                        for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch.nr; i++) {
                                get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &remote->fetch.items[i], &tail, 0);
                                if (remote->fetch.items[i].dst &&
                                    remote->fetch.items[i].dst[0])
                                        *autotags = 1;
                                if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
                                    !remote->fetch.items[0].pattern)
                                        ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
                        }
                        /*
                         * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
                         * as given in branch.<name>.remote, we add the
                         * ref given in branch.<name>.merge, too.
                         *
                         * Note: has_merge implies non-NULL branch->remote_name
                         */
                        if (has_merge &&
                            !strcmp(branch->remote_name, remote->name))
                                add_merge_config(&ref_map, remote_refs, branch, &tail);
                } else if (!prefetch) {
                        ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
                        if (!ref_map)
                                die(_("couldn't find remote ref HEAD"));
                        ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
                        tail = &ref_map->next;
                }
        }

        if (tags == TAGS_SET)
                /* also fetch all tags */
                get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
        else if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && *autotags)
                find_non_local_tags(remote_refs, NULL, &ref_map, &tail);

        /* Now append any refs to be updated opportunistically: */
        *tail = orefs;
        for (rm = orefs; rm; rm = rm->next) {
                rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
                tail = &rm->next;
        }

        /*
         * apply negative refspecs first, before we remove duplicates. This is
         * necessary as negative refspecs might remove an otherwise conflicting
         * duplicate.
         */
        if (rs->nr)
                ref_map = apply_negative_refspecs(ref_map, rs);
        else
                ref_map = apply_negative_refspecs(ref_map, &remote->fetch);

        ref_map = ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);

        for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
                if (rm->peer_ref) {
                        const char *refname = rm->peer_ref->name;
                        struct refname_hash_entry *peer_item;
                        unsigned int hash = strhash(refname);

                        if (!existing_refs_populated) {
                                refname_hash_init(&existing_refs);
                                for_each_ref(add_one_refname, &existing_refs);
                                existing_refs_populated = 1;
                        }

                        peer_item = hashmap_get_entry_from_hash(&existing_refs,
                                                hash, refname,
                                                struct refname_hash_entry, ent);
                        if (peer_item) {
                                struct object_id *old_oid = &peer_item->oid;
                                oidcpy(&rm->peer_ref->old_oid, old_oid);
                        }
                }
        }
        if (existing_refs_populated)
                hashmap_clear_and_free(&existing_refs, struct refname_hash_entry, ent);

        return ref_map;
}

#define STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER 1
#define STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT 2

static int s_update_ref(const char *action,
                        struct ref *ref,
                        struct ref_transaction *transaction,
                        int check_old)
{
        char *msg;
        char *rla = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
        struct ref_transaction *our_transaction = NULL;
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
        int ret;

        if (dry_run)
                return 0;
        if (!rla)
                rla = default_rla.buf;
        msg = xstrfmt("%s: %s", rla, action);

        /*
         * If no transaction was passed to us, we manage the transaction
         * ourselves. Otherwise, we trust the caller to handle the transaction
         * lifecycle.
         */
        if (!transaction) {
                transaction = our_transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
                if (!transaction) {
                        ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        ret = ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref->name, &ref->new_oid,
                                     check_old ? &ref->old_oid : NULL,
                                     0, msg, &err);
        if (ret) {
                ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
                goto out;
        }

        if (our_transaction) {
                switch (ref_transaction_commit(our_transaction, &err)) {
                case 0:
                        break;
                case TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT:
                        ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT;
                        goto out;
                default:
                        ret = STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

out:
        ref_transaction_free(our_transaction);
        if (ret)
                error("%s", err.buf);
        strbuf_release(&err);
        free(msg);
        return ret;
}

static int refcol_width(const struct ref *ref_map, int compact_format)
{
        const struct ref *ref;
        int max, width = 10;

        max = term_columns();
        if (compact_format)
                max = max * 2 / 3;

        for (ref = ref_map; ref; ref = ref->next) {
                int rlen, llen = 0, len;

                if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW ||
                    !ref->peer_ref ||
                    !strcmp(ref->name, "HEAD"))
                        continue;

                /* uptodate lines are only shown on high verbosity level */
                if (verbosity <= 0 && oideq(&ref->peer_ref->old_oid, &ref->old_oid))
                        continue;

                rlen = utf8_strwidth(prettify_refname(ref->name));
                if (!compact_format)
                        llen = utf8_strwidth(prettify_refname(ref->peer_ref->name));

                /*
                 * rough estimation to see if the output line is too long and
                 * should not be counted (we can't do precise calculation
                 * anyway because we don't know if the error explanation part
                 * will be printed in update_local_ref)
                 */
                len = 21 /* flag and summary */ + rlen + 4 /* -> */ + llen;
                if (len >= max)
                        continue;

                if (width < rlen)
                        width = rlen;
        }

        return width;
}

static void display_state_init(struct display_state *display_state, struct ref *ref_map,
                               const char *raw_url, enum display_format format)
{
        int i;

        memset(display_state, 0, sizeof(*display_state));
        strbuf_init(&display_state->buf, 0);
        display_state->format = format;

        if (raw_url)
                display_state->url = transport_anonymize_url(raw_url);
        else
                display_state->url = xstrdup("foreign");

        display_state->url_len = strlen(display_state->url);
        for (i = display_state->url_len - 1; display_state->url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
                ;
        display_state->url_len = i + 1;
        if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", display_state->url + i - 3, 4))
                display_state->url_len = i - 3;

        if (verbosity < 0)
                return;

        switch (display_state->format) {
        case DISPLAY_FORMAT_FULL:
        case DISPLAY_FORMAT_COMPACT:
                display_state->refcol_width = refcol_width(ref_map,
                                                           display_state->format == DISPLAY_FORMAT_COMPACT);
                break;
        case DISPLAY_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
                /* We don't need to precompute anything here. */
                break;
        default:
                BUG("unexpected display format %d", display_state->format);
        }
}

static void display_state_release(struct display_state *display_state)
{
        strbuf_release(&display_state->buf);
        free(display_state->url);
}

static void print_remote_to_local(struct display_state *display_state,
                                  const char *remote, const char *local)
{
        strbuf_addf(&display_state->buf, "%-*s -> %s",
                    display_state->refcol_width, remote, local);
}

static int find_and_replace(struct strbuf *haystack,
                            const char *needle,
                            const char *placeholder)
{
        const char *p = NULL;
        int plen, nlen;

        nlen = strlen(needle);
        if (ends_with(haystack->buf, needle))
                p = haystack->buf + haystack->len - nlen;
        else
                p = strstr(haystack->buf, needle);
        if (!p)
                return 0;

        if (p > haystack->buf && p[-1] != '/')
                return 0;

        plen = strlen(p);
        if (plen > nlen && p[nlen] != '/')
                return 0;

        strbuf_splice(haystack, p - haystack->buf, nlen,
                      placeholder, strlen(placeholder));
        return 1;
}

static void print_compact(struct display_state *display_state,
                          const char *remote, const char *local)
{
        struct strbuf r = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf l = STRBUF_INIT;

        if (!strcmp(remote, local)) {
                strbuf_addf(&display_state->buf, "%-*s -> *", display_state->refcol_width, remote);
                return;
        }

        strbuf_addstr(&r, remote);
        strbuf_addstr(&l, local);

        if (!find_and_replace(&r, local, "*"))
                find_and_replace(&l, remote, "*");
        print_remote_to_local(display_state, r.buf, l.buf);

        strbuf_release(&r);
        strbuf_release(&l);
}

static void display_ref_update(struct display_state *display_state, char code,
                               const char *summary, const char *error,
                               const char *remote, const char *local,
                               const struct object_id *old_oid,
                               const struct object_id *new_oid,
                               int summary_width)
{
        FILE *f = stderr;

        if (verbosity < 0)
                return;

        strbuf_reset(&display_state->buf);

        switch (display_state->format) {
        case DISPLAY_FORMAT_FULL:
        case DISPLAY_FORMAT_COMPACT: {
                int width;

                if (!display_state->shown_url) {
                        strbuf_addf(&display_state->buf, _("From %.*s\n"),
                                    display_state->url_len, display_state->url);
                        display_state->shown_url = 1;
                }

                width = (summary_width + strlen(summary) - gettext_width(summary));
                remote = prettify_refname(remote);
                local = prettify_refname(local);

                strbuf_addf(&display_state->buf, " %c %-*s ", code, width, summary);

                if (display_state->format != DISPLAY_FORMAT_COMPACT)
                        print_remote_to_local(display_state, remote, local);
                else
                        print_compact(display_state, remote, local);

                if (error)
                        strbuf_addf(&display_state->buf, "  (%s)", error);

                break;
        }
        case DISPLAY_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
                strbuf_addf(&display_state->buf, "%c %s %s %s", code,
                            oid_to_hex(old_oid), oid_to_hex(new_oid), local);
                f = stdout;
                break;
        default:
                BUG("unexpected display format %d", display_state->format);
        };
        strbuf_addch(&display_state->buf, '\n');

        fputs(display_state->buf.buf, f);
}

static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
                            struct ref_transaction *transaction,
                            struct display_state *display_state,
                            const struct ref *remote_ref,
                            int summary_width,
                            const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        struct commit *current = NULL, *updated;
        int fast_forward = 0;

        if (!repo_has_object_file(the_repository, &ref->new_oid))
                die(_("object %s not found"), oid_to_hex(&ref->new_oid));

        if (oideq(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid)) {
                if (verbosity > 0)
                        display_ref_update(display_state, '=', _("[up to date]"), NULL,
                                           remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                           &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                return 0;
        }

        if (!update_head_ok &&
            !is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
            branch_checked_out(ref->name)) {
                /*
                 * If this is the head, and it's not okay to update
                 * the head, and the old value of the head isn't empty...
                 */
                display_ref_update(display_state, '!', _("[rejected]"),
                                   _("can't fetch into checked-out branch"),
                                   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                return 1;
        }

        if (!is_null_oid(&ref->old_oid) &&
            starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
                if (force || ref->force) {
                        int r;
                        r = s_update_ref("updating tag", ref, transaction, 0);
                        display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : 't', _("[tag update]"),
                                           r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
                                           remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                           &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                        return r;
                } else {
                        display_ref_update(display_state, '!', _("[rejected]"),
                                           _("would clobber existing tag"),
                                           remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                           &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                        return 1;
                }
        }

        current = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
                                                 &ref->old_oid, 1);
        updated = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
                                                 &ref->new_oid, 1);
        if (!current || !updated) {
                const char *msg;
                const char *what;
                int r;
                /*
                 * Nicely describe the new ref we're fetching.
                 * Base this on the remote's ref name, as it's
                 * more likely to follow a standard layout.
                 */
                if (starts_with(remote_ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
                        msg = "storing tag";
                        what = _("[new tag]");
                } else if (starts_with(remote_ref->name, "refs/heads/")) {
                        msg = "storing head";
                        what = _("[new branch]");
                } else {
                        msg = "storing ref";
                        what = _("[new ref]");
                }

                r = s_update_ref(msg, ref, transaction, 0);
                display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : '*', what,
                                   r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
                                   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                return r;
        }

        if (config->show_forced_updates) {
                uint64_t t_before = getnanotime();
                fast_forward = repo_in_merge_bases(the_repository, current,
                                                   updated);
                forced_updates_ms += (getnanotime() - t_before) / 1000000;
        } else {
                fast_forward = 1;
        }

        if (fast_forward) {
                struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
                int r;

                strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &current->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
                strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "..");
                strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &ref->new_oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
                r = s_update_ref("fast-forward", ref, transaction, 1);
                display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : ' ', quickref.buf,
                                   r ? _("unable to update local ref") : NULL,
                                   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                strbuf_release(&quickref);
                return r;
        } else if (force || ref->force) {
                struct strbuf quickref = STRBUF_INIT;
                int r;
                strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &current->object.oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
                strbuf_addstr(&quickref, "...");
                strbuf_add_unique_abbrev(&quickref, &ref->new_oid, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
                r = s_update_ref("forced-update", ref, transaction, 1);
                display_ref_update(display_state, r ? '!' : '+', quickref.buf,
                                   r ? _("unable to update local ref") : _("forced update"),
                                   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                strbuf_release(&quickref);
                return r;
        } else {
                display_ref_update(display_state, '!', _("[rejected]"), _("non-fast-forward"),
                                   remote_ref->name, ref->name,
                                   &ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid, summary_width);
                return 1;
        }
}

static const struct object_id *iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data)
{
        struct ref **rm = cb_data;
        struct ref *ref = *rm;

        while (ref && ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW)
                ref = ref->next;
        if (!ref)
                return NULL;
        *rm = ref->next;
        return &ref->old_oid;
}

struct fetch_head {
        FILE *fp;
        struct strbuf buf;
};

static int open_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
{
        const char *filename = git_path_fetch_head(the_repository);

        if (write_fetch_head) {
                fetch_head->fp = fopen(filename, "a");
                if (!fetch_head->fp)
                        return error_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), filename);
                strbuf_init(&fetch_head->buf, 0);
        } else {
                fetch_head->fp = NULL;
        }

        return 0;
}

static void append_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
                              const struct object_id *old_oid,
                              enum fetch_head_status fetch_head_status,
                              const char *note,
                              const char *url, size_t url_len)
{
        char old_oid_hex[GIT_MAX_HEXSZ + 1];
        const char *merge_status_marker;
        size_t i;

        if (!fetch_head->fp)
                return;

        switch (fetch_head_status) {
        case FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE:
                merge_status_marker = "not-for-merge";
                break;
        case FETCH_HEAD_MERGE:
                merge_status_marker = "";
                break;
        default:
                /* do not write anything to FETCH_HEAD */
                return;
        }

        strbuf_addf(&fetch_head->buf, "%s\t%s\t%s",
                    oid_to_hex_r(old_oid_hex, old_oid), merge_status_marker, note);
        for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
                if ('\n' == url[i])
                        strbuf_addstr(&fetch_head->buf, "\\n");
                else
                        strbuf_addch(&fetch_head->buf, url[i]);
        strbuf_addch(&fetch_head->buf, '\n');

        /*
         * When using an atomic fetch, we do not want to update FETCH_HEAD if
         * any of the reference updates fails. We thus have to write all
         * updates to a buffer first and only commit it as soon as all
         * references have been successfully updated.
         */
        if (!atomic_fetch) {
                strbuf_write(&fetch_head->buf, fetch_head->fp);
                strbuf_reset(&fetch_head->buf);
        }
}

static void commit_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
{
        if (!fetch_head->fp || !atomic_fetch)
                return;
        strbuf_write(&fetch_head->buf, fetch_head->fp);
}

static void close_fetch_head(struct fetch_head *fetch_head)
{
        if (!fetch_head->fp)
                return;

        fclose(fetch_head->fp);
        strbuf_release(&fetch_head->buf);
}

static const char warn_show_forced_updates[] =
N_("fetch normally indicates which branches had a forced update,\n"
   "but that check has been disabled; to re-enable, use '--show-forced-updates'\n"
   "flag or run 'git config fetch.showForcedUpdates true'");
static const char warn_time_show_forced_updates[] =
N_("it took %.2f seconds to check forced updates; you can use\n"
   "'--no-show-forced-updates' or run 'git config fetch.showForcedUpdates false'\n"
   "to avoid this check\n");

static int store_updated_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
                              const char *remote_name,
                              int connectivity_checked,
                              struct ref_transaction *transaction, struct ref *ref_map,
                              struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
                              const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        int rc = 0;
        struct strbuf note = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *what, *kind;
        struct ref *rm;
        int want_status;
        int summary_width = 0;

        if (verbosity >= 0)
                summary_width = transport_summary_width(ref_map);

        if (!connectivity_checked) {
                struct check_connected_options opt = CHECK_CONNECTED_INIT;

                opt.exclude_hidden_refs_section = "fetch";
                rm = ref_map;
                if (check_connected(iterate_ref_map, &rm, &opt)) {
                        rc = error(_("%s did not send all necessary objects\n"),
                                   display_state->url);
                        goto abort;
                }
        }

        /*
         * We do a pass for each fetch_head_status type in their enum order, so
         * merged entries are written before not-for-merge. That lets readers
         * use FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
         */
        for (want_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
             want_status <= FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
             want_status++) {
                for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
                        struct ref *ref = NULL;

                        if (rm->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW) {
                                if (want_status == FETCH_HEAD_MERGE)
                                        warning(_("rejected %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"),
                                                rm->peer_ref ? rm->peer_ref->name : rm->name);
                                continue;
                        }

                        /*
                         * When writing FETCH_HEAD we need to determine whether
                         * we already have the commit or not. If not, then the
                         * reference is not for merge and needs to be written
                         * to the reflog after other commits which we already
                         * have. We're not interested in this property though
                         * in case FETCH_HEAD is not to be updated, so we can
                         * skip the classification in that case.
                         */
                        if (fetch_head->fp) {
                                struct commit *commit = NULL;

                                /*
                                 * References in "refs/tags/" are often going to point
                                 * to annotated tags, which are not part of the
                                 * commit-graph. We thus only try to look up refs in
                                 * the graph which are not in that namespace to not
                                 * regress performance in repositories with many
                                 * annotated tags.
                                 */
                                if (!starts_with(rm->name, "refs/tags/"))
                                        commit = lookup_commit_in_graph(the_repository, &rm->old_oid);
                                if (!commit) {
                                        commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(the_repository,
                                                                                &rm->old_oid,
                                                                                1);
                                        if (!commit)
                                                rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE;
                                }
                        }

                        if (rm->fetch_head_status != want_status)
                                continue;

                        if (rm->peer_ref) {
                                ref = alloc_ref(rm->peer_ref->name);
                                oidcpy(&ref->old_oid, &rm->peer_ref->old_oid);
                                oidcpy(&ref->new_oid, &rm->old_oid);
                                ref->force = rm->peer_ref->force;
                        }

                        if (config->recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF &&
                            (!rm->peer_ref || !oideq(&ref->old_oid, &ref->new_oid))) {
                                check_for_new_submodule_commits(&rm->old_oid);
                        }

                        if (!strcmp(rm->name, "HEAD")) {
                                kind = "";
                                what = "";
                        } else if (skip_prefix(rm->name, "refs/heads/", &what)) {
                                kind = "branch";
                        } else if (skip_prefix(rm->name, "refs/tags/", &what)) {
                                kind = "tag";
                        } else if (skip_prefix(rm->name, "refs/remotes/", &what)) {
                                kind = "remote-tracking branch";
                        } else {
                                kind = "";
                                what = rm->name;
                        }

                        strbuf_reset(&note);
                        if (*what) {
                                if (*kind)
                                        strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
                                strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
                        }

                        append_fetch_head(fetch_head, &rm->old_oid,
                                          rm->fetch_head_status,
                                          note.buf, display_state->url,
                                          display_state->url_len);

                        if (ref) {
                                rc |= update_local_ref(ref, transaction, display_state,
                                                       rm, summary_width, config);
                                free(ref);
                        } else if (write_fetch_head || dry_run) {
                                /*
                                 * Display fetches written to FETCH_HEAD (or
                                 * would be written to FETCH_HEAD, if --dry-run
                                 * is set).
                                 */
                                display_ref_update(display_state, '*',
                                                   *kind ? kind : "branch", NULL,
                                                   rm->name,
                                                   "FETCH_HEAD",
                                                   &rm->new_oid, &rm->old_oid,
                                                   summary_width);
                        }
                }
        }

        if (rc & STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT)
                error(_("some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
                      " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting "
                      "branches"), remote_name);

        if (advice_enabled(ADVICE_FETCH_SHOW_FORCED_UPDATES)) {
                if (!config->show_forced_updates) {
                        warning(_(warn_show_forced_updates));
                } else if (forced_updates_ms > FORCED_UPDATES_DELAY_WARNING_IN_MS) {
                        warning(_(warn_time_show_forced_updates),
                                forced_updates_ms / 1000.0);
                }
        }

 abort:
        strbuf_release(&note);
        return rc;
}

/*
 * We would want to bypass the object transfer altogether if
 * everything we are going to fetch already exists and is connected
 * locally.
 */
static int check_exist_and_connected(struct ref *ref_map)
{
        struct ref *rm = ref_map;
        struct check_connected_options opt = CHECK_CONNECTED_INIT;
        struct ref *r;

        /*
         * If we are deepening a shallow clone we already have these
         * objects reachable.  Running rev-list here will return with
         * a good (0) exit status and we'll bypass the fetch that we
         * really need to perform.  Claiming failure now will ensure
         * we perform the network exchange to deepen our history.
         */
        if (deepen)
                return -1;

        /*
         * Similarly, if we need to refetch, we always want to perform a full
         * fetch ignoring existing objects.
         */
        if (refetch)
                return -1;


        /*
         * check_connected() allows objects to merely be promised, but
         * we need all direct targets to exist.
         */
        for (r = rm; r; r = r->next) {
                if (!repo_has_object_file_with_flags(the_repository, &r->old_oid,
                                                     OBJECT_INFO_SKIP_FETCH_OBJECT))
                        return -1;
        }

        opt.quiet = 1;
        opt.exclude_hidden_refs_section = "fetch";
        return check_connected(iterate_ref_map, &rm, &opt);
}

static int fetch_and_consume_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
                                  struct transport *transport,
                                  struct ref_transaction *transaction,
                                  struct ref *ref_map,
                                  struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
                                  const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        int connectivity_checked = 1;
        int ret;

        /*
         * We don't need to perform a fetch in case we can already satisfy all
         * refs.
         */
        ret = check_exist_and_connected(ref_map);
        if (ret) {
                trace2_region_enter("fetch", "fetch_refs", the_repository);
                ret = transport_fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
                trace2_region_leave("fetch", "fetch_refs", the_repository);
                if (ret)
                        goto out;
                connectivity_checked = transport->smart_options ?
                        transport->smart_options->connectivity_checked : 0;
        }

        trace2_region_enter("fetch", "consume_refs", the_repository);
        ret = store_updated_refs(display_state, transport->remote->name,
                                 connectivity_checked, transaction, ref_map,
                                 fetch_head, config);
        trace2_region_leave("fetch", "consume_refs", the_repository);

out:
        transport_unlock_pack(transport, 0);
        return ret;
}

static int prune_refs(struct display_state *display_state,
                      struct refspec *rs,
                      struct ref_transaction *transaction,
                      struct ref *ref_map)
{
        int result = 0;
        struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = get_stale_heads(rs, ref_map);
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
                ? _("   (%s will become dangling)")
                : _("   (%s has become dangling)");

        if (!dry_run) {
                if (transaction) {
                        for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
                                result = ref_transaction_delete(transaction, ref->name, NULL, 0,
                                                                "fetch: prune", &err);
                                if (result)
                                        goto cleanup;
                        }
                } else {
                        struct string_list refnames = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;

                        for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
                                string_list_append(&refnames, ref->name);

                        result = delete_refs("fetch: prune", &refnames, 0);
                        string_list_clear(&refnames, 0);
                }
        }

        if (verbosity >= 0) {
                int summary_width = transport_summary_width(stale_refs);

                for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
                        display_ref_update(display_state, '-', _("[deleted]"), NULL,
                                           _("(none)"), ref->name,
                                           &ref->new_oid, &ref->old_oid,
                                           summary_width);
                        warn_dangling_symref(stderr, dangling_msg, ref->name);
                }
        }

cleanup:
        strbuf_release(&err);
        free_refs(stale_refs);
        return result;
}

static void check_not_current_branch(struct ref *ref_map)
{
        const char *path;
        for (; ref_map; ref_map = ref_map->next)
                if (ref_map->peer_ref &&
                    starts_with(ref_map->peer_ref->name, "refs/heads/") &&
                    (path = branch_checked_out(ref_map->peer_ref->name)))
                        die(_("refusing to fetch into branch '%s' "
                              "checked out at '%s'"),
                            ref_map->peer_ref->name, path);
}

static int truncate_fetch_head(void)
{
        const char *filename = git_path_fetch_head(the_repository);
        FILE *fp = fopen_for_writing(filename);

        if (!fp)
                return error_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), filename);
        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
}

static void set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name, const char *value)
{
        int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
        if (r < 0)
                die(_("option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
                    name, value, transport->url);
        if (r > 0)
                warning(_("option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
                        name, transport->url);
}


static int add_oid(const char *refname UNUSED,
                   const struct object_id *oid,
                   int flags UNUSED, void *cb_data)
{
        struct oid_array *oids = cb_data;

        oid_array_append(oids, oid);
        return 0;
}

static void add_negotiation_tips(struct git_transport_options *smart_options)
{
        struct oid_array *oids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*oids));
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < negotiation_tip.nr; i++) {
                const char *s = negotiation_tip.items[i].string;
                int old_nr;
                if (!has_glob_specials(s)) {
                        struct object_id oid;
                        if (repo_get_oid(the_repository, s, &oid))
                                die(_("%s is not a valid object"), s);
                        if (!has_object(the_repository, &oid, 0))
                                die(_("the object %s does not exist"), s);
                        oid_array_append(oids, &oid);
                        continue;
                }
                old_nr = oids->nr;
                for_each_glob_ref(add_oid, s, oids);
                if (old_nr == oids->nr)
                        warning("ignoring --negotiation-tip=%s because it does not match any refs",
                                s);
        }
        smart_options->negotiation_tips = oids;
}

static struct transport *prepare_transport(struct remote *remote, int deepen)
{
        struct transport *transport;

        transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
        transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
        transport->family = family;
        if (upload_pack)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
        if (keep)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
        if (depth)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
        if (deepen && deepen_since)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_SINCE, deepen_since);
        if (deepen && deepen_not.nr)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_NOT,
                           (const char *)&deepen_not);
        if (deepen_relative)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_RELATIVE, "yes");
        if (update_shallow)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW, "yes");
        if (refetch)
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_REFETCH, "yes");
        if (filter_options.choice) {
                const char *spec =
                        expand_list_objects_filter_spec(&filter_options);
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_LIST_OBJECTS_FILTER, spec);
                set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FROM_PROMISOR, "1");
        }
        if (negotiation_tip.nr) {
                if (transport->smart_options)
                        add_negotiation_tips(transport->smart_options);
                else
                        warning("ignoring --negotiation-tip because the protocol does not support it");
        }
        return transport;
}

static int backfill_tags(struct display_state *display_state,
                         struct transport *transport,
                         struct ref_transaction *transaction,
                         struct ref *ref_map,
                         struct fetch_head *fetch_head,
                         const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        int retcode, cannot_reuse;

        /*
         * Once we have set TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_SINCE, we can't unset it
         * when remote helper is used (setting it to an empty string
         * is not unsetting). We could extend the remote helper
         * protocol for that, but for now, just force a new connection
         * without deepen-since. Similar story for deepen-not.
         */
        cannot_reuse = transport->cannot_reuse ||
                deepen_since || deepen_not.nr;
        if (cannot_reuse) {
                gsecondary = prepare_transport(transport->remote, 0);
                transport = gsecondary;
        }

        transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
        transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
        transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEEPEN_RELATIVE, NULL);
        retcode = fetch_and_consume_refs(display_state, transport, transaction, ref_map,
                                         fetch_head, config);

        if (gsecondary) {
                transport_disconnect(gsecondary);
                gsecondary = NULL;
        }

        return retcode;
}

static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
                    struct refspec *rs,
                    const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        struct ref_transaction *transaction = NULL;
        struct ref *ref_map = NULL;
        struct display_state display_state = { 0 };
        int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
        int retcode = 0;
        const struct ref *remote_refs;
        struct transport_ls_refs_options transport_ls_refs_options =
                TRANSPORT_LS_REFS_OPTIONS_INIT;
        int must_list_refs = 1;
        struct fetch_head fetch_head = { 0 };
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;

        if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT) {
                if (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 2)
                        tags = TAGS_SET;
                if (transport->remote->fetch_tags == -1)
                        tags = TAGS_UNSET;
        }

        /* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
        if (!append && write_fetch_head) {
                retcode = truncate_fetch_head();
                if (retcode)
                        goto cleanup;
        }

        if (rs->nr) {
                int i;

                refspec_ref_prefixes(rs, &transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes);

                /*
                 * We can avoid listing refs if all of them are exact
                 * OIDs
                 */
                must_list_refs = 0;
                for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
                        if (!rs->items[i].exact_sha1) {
                                must_list_refs = 1;
                                break;
                        }
                }
        } else {
                struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);

                if (transport->remote->fetch.nr)
                        refspec_ref_prefixes(&transport->remote->fetch,
                                             &transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes);
                if (branch_has_merge_config(branch) &&
                    !strcmp(branch->remote_name, transport->remote->name)) {
                        int i;
                        for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
                                strvec_push(&transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes,
                                            branch->merge[i]->src);
                        }
                }
        }

        if (tags == TAGS_SET || tags == TAGS_DEFAULT) {
                must_list_refs = 1;
                if (transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes.nr)
                        strvec_push(&transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes,
                                    "refs/tags/");
        }

        if (must_list_refs) {
                trace2_region_enter("fetch", "remote_refs", the_repository);
                remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport,
                                                        &transport_ls_refs_options);
                trace2_region_leave("fetch", "remote_refs", the_repository);
        } else
                remote_refs = NULL;

        transport_ls_refs_options_release(&transport_ls_refs_options);

        ref_map = get_ref_map(transport->remote, remote_refs, rs,
                              tags, &autotags);
        if (!update_head_ok)
                check_not_current_branch(ref_map);

        retcode = open_fetch_head(&fetch_head);
        if (retcode)
                goto cleanup;

        display_state_init(&display_state, ref_map, transport->url,
                           config->display_format);

        if (atomic_fetch) {
                transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
                if (!transaction) {
                        retcode = error("%s", err.buf);
                        goto cleanup;
                }
        }

        if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags)
                transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
        if (prune) {
                /*
                 * We only prune based on refspecs specified
                 * explicitly (via command line or configuration); we
                 * don't care whether --tags was specified.
                 */
                if (rs->nr) {
                        retcode = prune_refs(&display_state, rs, transaction, ref_map);
                } else {
                        retcode = prune_refs(&display_state, &transport->remote->fetch,
                                             transaction, ref_map);
                }
                if (retcode != 0)
                        retcode = 1;
        }

        if (fetch_and_consume_refs(&display_state, transport, transaction, ref_map,
                                   &fetch_head, config)) {
                retcode = 1;
                goto cleanup;
        }

        /*
         * If neither --no-tags nor --tags was specified, do automated tag
         * following.
         */
        if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags) {
                struct ref *tags_ref_map = NULL, **tail = &tags_ref_map;

                find_non_local_tags(remote_refs, transaction, &tags_ref_map, &tail);
                if (tags_ref_map) {
                        /*
                         * If backfilling of tags fails then we want to tell
                         * the user so, but we have to continue regardless to
                         * populate upstream information of the references we
                         * have already fetched above. The exception though is
                         * when `--atomic` is passed: in that case we'll abort
                         * the transaction and don't commit anything.
                         */
                        if (backfill_tags(&display_state, transport, transaction, tags_ref_map,
                                          &fetch_head, config))
                                retcode = 1;
                }

                free_refs(tags_ref_map);
        }

        if (transaction) {
                if (retcode)
                        goto cleanup;

                retcode = ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err);
                if (retcode) {
                        error("%s", err.buf);
                        ref_transaction_free(transaction);
                        transaction = NULL;
                        goto cleanup;
                }
        }

        commit_fetch_head(&fetch_head);

        if (set_upstream) {
                struct branch *branch = branch_get("HEAD");
                struct ref *rm;
                struct ref *source_ref = NULL;

                /*
                 * We're setting the upstream configuration for the
                 * current branch. The relevant upstream is the
                 * fetched branch that is meant to be merged with the
                 * current one, i.e. the one fetched to FETCH_HEAD.
                 *
                 * When there are several such branches, consider the
                 * request ambiguous and err on the safe side by doing
                 * nothing and just emit a warning.
                 */
                for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
                        if (!rm->peer_ref) {
                                if (source_ref) {
                                        warning(_("multiple branches detected, incompatible with --set-upstream"));
                                        goto cleanup;
                                } else {
                                        source_ref = rm;
                                }
                        }
                }
                if (source_ref) {
                        if (!branch) {
                                const char *shortname = source_ref->name;
                                skip_prefix(shortname, "refs/heads/", &shortname);

                                warning(_("could not set upstream of HEAD to '%s' from '%s' when "
                                          "it does not point to any branch."),
                                        shortname, transport->remote->name);
                                goto cleanup;
                        }

                        if (!strcmp(source_ref->name, "HEAD") ||
                            starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/heads/"))
                                install_branch_config(0,
                                                      branch->name,
                                                      transport->remote->name,
                                                      source_ref->name);
                        else if (starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/remotes/"))
                                warning(_("not setting upstream for a remote remote-tracking branch"));
                        else if (starts_with(source_ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
                                warning(_("not setting upstream for a remote tag"));
                        else
                                warning(_("unknown branch type"));
                } else {
                        warning(_("no source branch found;\n"
                                  "you need to specify exactly one branch with the --set-upstream option"));
                }
        }

cleanup:
        if (retcode && transaction) {
                ref_transaction_abort(transaction, &err);
                error("%s", err.buf);
        }

        display_state_release(&display_state);
        close_fetch_head(&fetch_head);
        strbuf_release(&err);
        free_refs(ref_map);
        return retcode;
}

static int get_one_remote_for_fetch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
{
        struct string_list *list = priv;
        if (!remote->skip_default_update)
                string_list_append(list, remote->name);
        return 0;
}

struct remote_group_data {
        const char *name;
        struct string_list *list;
};

static int get_remote_group(const char *key, const char *value,
                            const struct config_context *ctx UNUSED,
                            void *priv)
{
        struct remote_group_data *g = priv;

        if (skip_prefix(key, "remotes.", &key) && !strcmp(key, g->name)) {
                /* split list by white space */
                while (*value) {
                        size_t wordlen = strcspn(value, " \t\n");

                        if (wordlen >= 1)
                                string_list_append_nodup(g->list,
                                                   xstrndup(value, wordlen));
                        value += wordlen + (value[wordlen] != '\0');
                }
        }

        return 0;
}

static int add_remote_or_group(const char *name, struct string_list *list)
{
        int prev_nr = list->nr;
        struct remote_group_data g;
        g.name = name; g.list = list;

        git_config(get_remote_group, &g);
        if (list->nr == prev_nr) {
                struct remote *remote = remote_get(name);
                if (!remote_is_configured(remote, 0))
                        return 0;
                string_list_append(list, remote->name);
        }
        return 1;
}

static void add_options_to_argv(struct strvec *argv,
                                const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        if (dry_run)
                strvec_push(argv, "--dry-run");
        if (prune != -1)
                strvec_push(argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
        if (prune_tags != -1)
                strvec_push(argv, prune_tags ? "--prune-tags" : "--no-prune-tags");
        if (update_head_ok)
                strvec_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
        if (force)
                strvec_push(argv, "--force");
        if (keep)
                strvec_push(argv, "--keep");
        if (config->recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON)
                strvec_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules");
        else if (config->recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)
                strvec_push(argv, "--no-recurse-submodules");
        else if (config->recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND)
                strvec_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
        if (tags == TAGS_SET)
                strvec_push(argv, "--tags");
        else if (tags == TAGS_UNSET)
                strvec_push(argv, "--no-tags");
        if (verbosity >= 2)
                strvec_push(argv, "-v");
        if (verbosity >= 1)
                strvec_push(argv, "-v");
        else if (verbosity < 0)
                strvec_push(argv, "-q");
        if (family == TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV4)
                strvec_push(argv, "--ipv4");
        else if (family == TRANSPORT_FAMILY_IPV6)
                strvec_push(argv, "--ipv6");
        if (!write_fetch_head)
                strvec_push(argv, "--no-write-fetch-head");
        if (config->display_format == DISPLAY_FORMAT_PORCELAIN)
                strvec_pushf(argv, "--porcelain");
}

/* Fetch multiple remotes in parallel */

struct parallel_fetch_state {
        const char **argv;
        struct string_list *remotes;
        int next, result;
        const struct fetch_config *config;
};

static int fetch_next_remote(struct child_process *cp,
                             struct strbuf *out UNUSED,
                             void *cb, void **task_cb)
{
        struct parallel_fetch_state *state = cb;
        char *remote;

        if (state->next < 0 || state->next >= state->remotes->nr)
                return 0;

        remote = state->remotes->items[state->next++].string;
        *task_cb = remote;

        strvec_pushv(&cp->args, state->argv);
        strvec_push(&cp->args, remote);
        cp->git_cmd = 1;

        if (verbosity >= 0 && state->config->display_format != DISPLAY_FORMAT_PORCELAIN)
                printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), remote);

        return 1;
}

static int fetch_failed_to_start(struct strbuf *out UNUSED,
                                 void *cb, void *task_cb)
{
        struct parallel_fetch_state *state = cb;
        const char *remote = task_cb;

        state->result = error(_("could not fetch %s"), remote);

        return 0;
}

static int fetch_finished(int result, struct strbuf *out,
                          void *cb, void *task_cb)
{
        struct parallel_fetch_state *state = cb;
        const char *remote = task_cb;

        if (result) {
                strbuf_addf(out, _("could not fetch '%s' (exit code: %d)\n"),
                            remote, result);
                state->result = -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list, int max_children,
                          const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        int i, result = 0;
        struct strvec argv = STRVEC_INIT;

        if (!append && write_fetch_head) {
                int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
                if (errcode)
                        return errcode;
        }

        /*
         * Cancel out the fetch.bundleURI config when running subprocesses,
         * to avoid fetching from the same bundle list multiple times.
         */
        strvec_pushl(&argv, "-c", "fetch.bundleURI=",
                     "fetch", "--append", "--no-auto-gc",
                     "--no-write-commit-graph", NULL);
        add_options_to_argv(&argv, config);

        if (max_children != 1 && list->nr != 1) {
                struct parallel_fetch_state state = { argv.v, list, 0, 0, config };
                const struct run_process_parallel_opts opts = {
                        .tr2_category = "fetch",
                        .tr2_label = "parallel/fetch",

                        .processes = max_children,

                        .get_next_task = &fetch_next_remote,
                        .start_failure = &fetch_failed_to_start,
                        .task_finished = &fetch_finished,
                        .data = &state,
                };

                strvec_push(&argv, "--end-of-options");

                run_processes_parallel(&opts);
                result = state.result;
        } else
                for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
                        const char *name = list->items[i].string;
                        struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;

                        strvec_pushv(&cmd.args, argv.v);
                        strvec_push(&cmd.args, name);
                        if (verbosity >= 0 && config->display_format != DISPLAY_FORMAT_PORCELAIN)
                                printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), name);
                        cmd.git_cmd = 1;
                        if (run_command(&cmd)) {
                                error(_("could not fetch %s"), name);
                                result = 1;
                        }
                }

        strvec_clear(&argv);
        return !!result;
}

/*
 * Fetching from the promisor remote should use the given filter-spec
 * or inherit the default filter-spec from the config.
 */
static inline void fetch_one_setup_partial(struct remote *remote)
{
        /*
         * Explicit --no-filter argument overrides everything, regardless
         * of any prior partial clones and fetches.
         */
        if (filter_options.no_filter)
                return;

        /*
         * If no prior partial clone/fetch and the current fetch DID NOT
         * request a partial-fetch, do a normal fetch.
         */
        if (!repo_has_promisor_remote(the_repository) && !filter_options.choice)
                return;

        /*
         * If this is a partial-fetch request, we enable partial on
         * this repo if not already enabled and remember the given
         * filter-spec as the default for subsequent fetches to this
         * remote if there is currently no default filter-spec.
         */
        if (filter_options.choice) {
                partial_clone_register(remote->name, &filter_options);
                return;
        }

        /*
         * Do a partial-fetch from the promisor remote using either the
         * explicitly given filter-spec or inherit the filter-spec from
         * the config.
         */
        if (!filter_options.choice)
                partial_clone_get_default_filter_spec(&filter_options, remote->name);
        return;
}

static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv,
                     int prune_tags_ok, int use_stdin_refspecs,
                     const struct fetch_config *config)
{
        struct refspec rs = REFSPEC_INIT_FETCH;
        int i;
        int exit_code;
        int maybe_prune_tags;
        int remote_via_config = remote_is_configured(remote, 0);

        if (!remote)
                die(_("no remote repository specified; please specify either a URL or a\n"
                      "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched"));

        gtransport = prepare_transport(remote, 1);

        if (prune < 0) {
                /* no command line request */
                if (0 <= remote->prune)
                        prune = remote->prune;
                else if (0 <= config->prune)
                        prune = config->prune;
                else
                        prune = PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT;
        }

        if (prune_tags < 0) {
                /* no command line request */
                if (0 <= remote->prune_tags)
                        prune_tags = remote->prune_tags;
                else if (0 <= config->prune_tags)
                        prune_tags = config->prune_tags;
                else
                        prune_tags = PRUNE_TAGS_BY_DEFAULT;
        }

        maybe_prune_tags = prune_tags_ok && prune_tags;
        if (maybe_prune_tags && remote_via_config)
                refspec_append(&remote->fetch, TAG_REFSPEC);

        if (maybe_prune_tags && (argc || !remote_via_config))
                refspec_append(&rs, TAG_REFSPEC);

        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
                if (!strcmp(argv[i], "tag")) {
                        i++;
                        if (i >= argc)
                                die(_("you need to specify a tag name"));

                        refspec_appendf(&rs, "refs/tags/%s:refs/tags/%s",
                                        argv[i], argv[i]);
                } else {
                        refspec_append(&rs, argv[i]);
                }
        }

        if (use_stdin_refspecs) {
                struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
                while (strbuf_getline_lf(&line, stdin) != EOF)
                        refspec_append(&rs, line.buf);
                strbuf_release(&line);
        }

        if (server_options.nr)
                gtransport->server_options = &server_options;

        sigchain_push_common(unlock_pack_on_signal);
        atexit(unlock_pack_atexit);
        sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
        exit_code = do_fetch(gtransport, &rs, config);
        sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
        refspec_clear(&rs);
        transport_disconnect(gtransport);
        gtransport = NULL;
        return exit_code;
}

int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
{
        struct fetch_config config = {
                .display_format = DISPLAY_FORMAT_FULL,
                .prune = -1,
                .prune_tags = -1,
                .show_forced_updates = 1,
                .recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT,
                .parallel = 1,
                .submodule_fetch_jobs = -1,
        };
        const char *submodule_prefix = "";
        const char *bundle_uri;
        struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
        struct remote *remote = NULL;
        int all = 0, multiple = 0;
        int result = 0;
        int prune_tags_ok = 1;
        int enable_auto_gc = 1;
        int unshallow = 0;
        int max_jobs = -1;
        int recurse_submodules_cli = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
        int recurse_submodules_default = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
        int fetch_write_commit_graph = -1;
        int stdin_refspecs = 0;
        int negotiate_only = 0;
        int porcelain = 0;
        int i;

        struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
                OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all,
                         N_("fetch from all remotes")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "set-upstream", &set_upstream,
                         N_("set upstream for git pull/fetch")),
                OPT_BOOL('a', "append", &append,
                         N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "atomic", &atomic_fetch,
                         N_("use atomic transaction to update references")),
                OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
                           N_("path to upload pack on remote end")),
                OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of local reference"), 0),
                OPT_BOOL('m', "multiple", &multiple,
                         N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
                OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
                            N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"), TAGS_SET),
                OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
                            N_("do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
                OPT_INTEGER('j', "jobs", &max_jobs,
                            N_("number of submodules fetched in parallel")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "prefetch", &prefetch,
                         N_("modify the refspec to place all refs within refs/prefetch/")),
                OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
                         N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
                OPT_BOOL('P', "prune-tags", &prune_tags,
                         N_("prune local tags no longer on remote and clobber changed tags")),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "recurse-submodules", &recurse_submodules_cli, N_("on-demand"),
                            N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
                            PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_fetch_parse_recurse_submodules),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
                         N_("dry run")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "porcelain", &porcelain, N_("machine-readable output")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "write-fetch-head", &write_fetch_head,
                         N_("write fetched references to the FETCH_HEAD file")),
                OPT_BOOL('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
                OPT_BOOL('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
                            N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
                OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("depth"),
                           N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
                OPT_STRING(0, "shallow-since", &deepen_since, N_("time"),
                           N_("deepen history of shallow repository based on time")),
                OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "shallow-exclude", &deepen_not, N_("revision"),
                                N_("deepen history of shallow clone, excluding rev")),
                OPT_INTEGER(0, "deepen", &deepen_relative,
                            N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
                OPT_SET_INT_F(0, "unshallow", &unshallow,
                              N_("convert to a complete repository"),
                              1, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
                OPT_SET_INT_F(0, "refetch", &refetch,
                              N_("re-fetch without negotiating common commits"),
                              1, PARSE_OPT_NONEG),
                { OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, N_("dir"),
                           N_("prepend this to submodule path output"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "recurse-submodules-default",
                           &recurse_submodules_default, N_("on-demand"),
                           N_("default for recursive fetching of submodules "
                              "(lower priority than config files)"),
                           PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, option_fetch_parse_recurse_submodules),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "update-shallow", &update_shallow,
                         N_("accept refs that update .git/shallow")),
                OPT_CALLBACK_F(0, "refmap", NULL, N_("refmap"),
                               N_("specify fetch refmap"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, parse_refmap_arg),
                OPT_STRING_LIST('o', "server-option", &server_options, N_("server-specific"), N_("option to transmit")),
                OPT_IPVERSION(&family),
                OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "negotiation-tip", &negotiation_tip, N_("revision"),
                                N_("report that we have only objects reachable from this object")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "negotiate-only", &negotiate_only,
                         N_("do not fetch a packfile; instead, print ancestors of negotiation tips")),
                OPT_PARSE_LIST_OBJECTS_FILTER(&filter_options),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "auto-maintenance", &enable_auto_gc,
                         N_("run 'maintenance --auto' after fetching")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "auto-gc", &enable_auto_gc,
                         N_("run 'maintenance --auto' after fetching")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "show-forced-updates", &config.show_forced_updates,
                         N_("check for forced-updates on all updated branches")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "write-commit-graph", &fetch_write_commit_graph,
                         N_("write the commit-graph after fetching")),
                OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &stdin_refspecs,
                         N_("accept refspecs from stdin")),
                OPT_END()
        };

        packet_trace_identity("fetch");

        /* Record the command line for the reflog */
        strbuf_addstr(&default_rla, "fetch");
        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
                /* This handles non-URLs gracefully */
                char *anon = transport_anonymize_url(argv[i]);

                strbuf_addf(&default_rla, " %s", anon);
                free(anon);
        }

        git_config(git_fetch_config, &config);
        if (the_repository->gitdir) {
                prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
                the_repository->settings.command_requires_full_index = 0;
        }

        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
                             builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);

        if (recurse_submodules_cli != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT)
                config.recurse_submodules = recurse_submodules_cli;

        if (negotiate_only) {
                switch (recurse_submodules_cli) {
                case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF:
                case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT:
                        /*
                         * --negotiate-only should never recurse into
                         * submodules. Skip it by setting recurse_submodules to
                         * RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF.
                         */
                        config.recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
                        break;

                default:
                        die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"),
                            "--negotiate-only", "--recurse-submodules");
                }
        }

        if (config.recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) {
                int *sfjc = config.submodule_fetch_jobs == -1
                            ? &config.submodule_fetch_jobs : NULL;
                int *rs = config.recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT
                          ? &config.recurse_submodules : NULL;

                fetch_config_from_gitmodules(sfjc, rs);
        }


        if (porcelain) {
                switch (recurse_submodules_cli) {
                case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF:
                case RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT:
                        /*
                         * Reference updates in submodules would be ambiguous
                         * in porcelain mode, so we reject this combination.
                         */
                        config.recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF;
                        break;

                default:
                        die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"),
                            "--porcelain", "--recurse-submodules");
                }

                config.display_format = DISPLAY_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
        }

        if (negotiate_only && !negotiation_tip.nr)
                die(_("--negotiate-only needs one or more --negotiation-tip=*"));

        if (deepen_relative) {
                if (deepen_relative < 0)
                        die(_("negative depth in --deepen is not supported"));
                if (depth)
                        die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"), "--deepen", "--depth");
                depth = xstrfmt("%d", deepen_relative);
        }
        if (unshallow) {
                if (depth)
                        die(_("options '%s' and '%s' cannot be used together"), "--depth", "--unshallow");
                else if (!is_repository_shallow(the_repository))
                        die(_("--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"));
                else
                        depth = xstrfmt("%d", INFINITE_DEPTH);
        }

        /* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
        if (depth && atoi(depth) < 1)
                die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), depth);
        if (depth || deepen_since || deepen_not.nr)
                deepen = 1;

        /* FETCH_HEAD never gets updated in --dry-run mode */
        if (dry_run)
                write_fetch_head = 0;

        if (!max_jobs)
                max_jobs = online_cpus();

        if (!git_config_get_string_tmp("fetch.bundleuri", &bundle_uri) &&
            fetch_bundle_uri(the_repository, bundle_uri, NULL))
                warning(_("failed to fetch bundles from '%s'"), bundle_uri);

        if (all) {
                if (argc == 1)
                        die(_("fetch --all does not take a repository argument"));
                else if (argc > 1)
                        die(_("fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"));
                (void) for_each_remote(get_one_remote_for_fetch, &list);

                /* do not do fetch_multiple() of one */
                if (list.nr == 1)
                        remote = remote_get(list.items[0].string);
        } else if (argc == 0) {
                /* No arguments -- use default remote */
                remote = remote_get(NULL);
        } else if (multiple) {
                /* All arguments are assumed to be remotes or groups */
                for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
                        if (!add_remote_or_group(argv[i], &list))
                                die(_("no such remote or remote group: %s"),
                                    argv[i]);
        } else {
                /* Single remote or group */
                (void) add_remote_or_group(argv[0], &list);
                if (list.nr > 1) {
                        /* More than one remote */
                        if (argc > 1)
                                die(_("fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"));
                } else {
                        /* Zero or one remotes */
                        remote = remote_get(argv[0]);
                        prune_tags_ok = (argc == 1);
                        argc--;
                        argv++;
                }
        }
        string_list_remove_duplicates(&list, 0);

        if (negotiate_only) {
                struct oidset acked_commits = OIDSET_INIT;
                struct oidset_iter iter;
                const struct object_id *oid;

                if (!remote)
                        die(_("must supply remote when using --negotiate-only"));
                gtransport = prepare_transport(remote, 1);
                if (gtransport->smart_options) {
                        gtransport->smart_options->acked_commits = &acked_commits;
                } else {
                        warning(_("protocol does not support --negotiate-only, exiting"));
                        result = 1;
                        goto cleanup;
                }
                if (server_options.nr)
                        gtransport->server_options = &server_options;
                result = transport_fetch_refs(gtransport, NULL);

                oidset_iter_init(&acked_commits, &iter);
                while ((oid = oidset_iter_next(&iter)))
                        printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
                oidset_clear(&acked_commits);
        } else if (remote) {
                if (filter_options.choice || repo_has_promisor_remote(the_repository))
                        fetch_one_setup_partial(remote);
                result = fetch_one(remote, argc, argv, prune_tags_ok, stdin_refspecs,
                                   &config);
        } else {
                int max_children = max_jobs;

                if (filter_options.choice)
                        die(_("--filter can only be used with the remote "
                              "configured in extensions.partialclone"));

                if (atomic_fetch)
                        die(_("--atomic can only be used when fetching "
                              "from one remote"));

                if (stdin_refspecs)
                        die(_("--stdin can only be used when fetching "
                              "from one remote"));

                if (max_children < 0)
                        max_children = config.parallel;

                /* TODO should this also die if we have a previous partial-clone? */
                result = fetch_multiple(&list, max_children, &config);
        }

        /*
         * This is only needed after fetch_one(), which does not fetch
         * submodules by itself.
         *
         * When we fetch from multiple remotes, fetch_multiple() has
         * already updated submodules to grab commits necessary for
         * the fetched history from each remote, so there is no need
         * to fetch submodules from here.
         */
        if (!result && remote && (config.recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)) {
                struct strvec options = STRVEC_INIT;
                int max_children = max_jobs;

                if (max_children < 0)
                        max_children = config.submodule_fetch_jobs;
                if (max_children < 0)
                        max_children = config.parallel;

                add_options_to_argv(&options, &config);
                result = fetch_submodules(the_repository,
                                          &options,
                                          submodule_prefix,
                                          config.recurse_submodules,
                                          recurse_submodules_default,
                                          verbosity < 0,
                                          max_children);
                strvec_clear(&options);
        }

        /*
         * Skip irrelevant tasks because we know objects were not
         * fetched.
         *
         * NEEDSWORK: as a future optimization, we can return early
         * whenever objects were not fetched e.g. if we already have all
         * of them.
         */
        if (negotiate_only)
                goto cleanup;

        prepare_repo_settings(the_repository);
        if (fetch_write_commit_graph > 0 ||
            (fetch_write_commit_graph < 0 &&
             the_repository->settings.fetch_write_commit_graph)) {
                int commit_graph_flags = COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_SPLIT;

                if (progress)
                        commit_graph_flags |= COMMIT_GRAPH_WRITE_PROGRESS;

                write_commit_graph_reachable(the_repository->objects->odb,
                                             commit_graph_flags,
                                             NULL);
        }

        if (enable_auto_gc) {
                if (refetch) {
                        /*
                         * Hint auto-maintenance strongly to encourage repacking,
                         * but respect config settings disabling it.
                         */
                        int opt_val;
                        if (git_config_get_int("gc.autopacklimit", &opt_val))
                                opt_val = -1;
                        if (opt_val != 0)
                                git_config_push_parameter("gc.autoPackLimit=1");

                        if (git_config_get_int("maintenance.incremental-repack.auto", &opt_val))
                                opt_val = -1;
                        if (opt_val != 0)
                                git_config_push_parameter("maintenance.incremental-repack.auto=-1");
                }
                run_auto_maintenance(verbosity < 0);
        }

 cleanup:
        string_list_clear(&list, 0);
        return result;
}