git-fetch.sh: use the $( ... ) construct for command substitution

[git.git] / Documentation / git-submodule.txt

git-submodule(1)
================

NAME
----
git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules


SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
              [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch]
              [-f|--force] [--checkout|--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>]
              [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>]
              [commit] [--] [<path>...]
'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]


DESCRIPTION
-----------
Submodules allow foreign repositories to be embedded within
a dedicated subdirectory of the source tree, always pointed
at a particular commit.

They are not to be confused with remotes, which are meant mainly
for branches of the same project; submodules are meant for
different projects you would like to make part of your source tree,
while the history of the two projects still stays completely
independent and you cannot modify the contents of the submodule
from within the main project.
If you want to merge the project histories and want to treat the
aggregated whole as a single project from then on, you may want to
add a remote for the other project and use the 'subtree' merge strategy,
instead of treating the other project as a submodule. Directories
that come from both projects can be cloned and checked out as a whole
if you choose to go that route.

Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
within the inner repository that is completely separate.
A record in the `.gitmodules` (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) file at the
root of the source tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and
describes the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').

This command will manage the tree entries and contents of the
gitmodules file for you, as well as inspect the status of your
submodules and update them.
When adding a new submodule to the tree, the 'add' subcommand
is to be used.  However, when pulling a tree containing submodules,
these will not be checked out by default;
the 'init' and 'update' subcommands will maintain submodules
checked out and at appropriate revision in your working tree.
You can briefly inspect the up-to-date status of your submodules
using the 'status' subcommand and get a detailed overview of the
difference between the index and checkouts using the 'summary'
subcommand.


COMMANDS
--------
add::
        Add the given repository as a submodule at the given path
        to the changeset to be committed next to the current
        project: the current project is termed the "superproject".
+
This requires at least one argument: <repository>. The optional
argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
"humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
"/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
+
<repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
or ../), the location relative to the superproject's origin
repository (Please note that to specify a repository 'foo.git'
which is located right next to a superproject 'bar.git', you'll
have to use '../foo.git' instead of './foo.git' - as one might expect
when following the rules for relative URLs - because the evaluation
of relative URLs in Git is identical to that of relative directories).
If the superproject doesn't have an origin configured
the superproject is its own authoritative upstream and the current
working directory is used instead.
+
<path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
+
In either case, the given URL is recorded into .gitmodules for
use by subsequent users cloning the superproject. If the URL is
given relative to the superproject's repository, the presumption
is the superproject and submodule repositories will be kept
together in the same relative location, and only the
superproject's URL needs to be provided: git-submodule will correctly
locate the submodule using the relative URL in .gitmodules.

status::
        Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the
        currently checked out commit for each submodule, along with the
        submodule path and the output of 'git describe' for the
        SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is not
        initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
        does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
        repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
+
If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested
submodules, and show their status as well.
+
If you are only interested in changes of the currently initialized
submodules with respect to the commit recorded in the index or the HEAD,
linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that information
too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).

init::
        Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
        added and committed elsewhere) by copying submodule
        names and urls from .gitmodules to .git/config.
        Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
        It will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update` into
        .git/config.
        The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
        This command does not alter existing information in .git/config.
        You can then customize the submodule clone URLs in .git/config
        for your local setup and proceed to `git submodule update`;
        you can also just use `git submodule update --init` without
        the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
        any submodule locations.

deinit::
        Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
        `submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
        tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
        and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
        they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
        have a local checkout of the submodule in your work tree anymore. If
        you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
        that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
+
If `--force` is specified, the submodule's work tree will be removed even if
it contains local modifications.

update::
        Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
        checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing
        repository.  The update mode defaults to `checkout`, but can be
        configured with the `submodule.<name>.update` setting or the
        `--rebase`, `--merge`, or `--checkout` options.
+
For updates that clone missing submodules, checkout-mode updates will
create submodules with detached HEADs; all other modes will create
submodules with a local branch named after `submodule.<path>.branch`.
+
For updates that do not clone missing submodules, the submodule's HEAD
is only touched when the remote reference does not match the
submodule's HEAD (for none-mode updates, the submodule is never
touched).  The remote reference is usually the gitlinked commit from
the superproject's tree, but with `--remote` it is the upstream
subproject's `submodule.<name>.branch`.  This remote reference is
integrated with the submodule's HEAD using the specified update mode.
For checkout-mode updates, that will result in a detached HEAD.  For
rebase- and merge-mode updates, the commit referenced by the
submodule's HEAD may change, but the symbolic reference will remain
unchanged (i.e. checked-out branches will still be checked-out
branches, and detached HEADs will still be detached HEADs).  If none
of the builtin modes fit your needs, set `submodule.<name>.update` to
`!command` to configure a custom integration command.  `command` can
be any arbitrary shell command that takes a single argument, namely
the sha1 to update to.
+
If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
submodule with the `--init` option.
+
If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
+
If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified in the
index of the containing repository already matches the commit checked out in
the submodule.

summary::
        Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
        working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
        in the submodule between the given super project commit and the
        index or working tree (switched by `--cached`) are shown. If the option
        `--files` is given, show the series of commits in the submodule between
        the index of the super project and the working tree of the submodule
        (this option doesn't allow to use the `--cached` option or to provide an
        explicit commit).
+
Using the `--submodule=log` option with linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that
information too.

foreach::
        Evaluates an arbitrary shell command in each checked out submodule.
        The command has access to the variables $name, $path, $sha1 and
        $toplevel:
        $name is the name of the relevant submodule section in .gitmodules,
        $path is the name of the submodule directory relative to the
        superproject, $sha1 is the commit as recorded in the superproject,
        and $toplevel is the absolute path to the top-level of the superproject.
        Any submodules defined in the superproject but not checked out are
        ignored by this command. Unless given `--quiet`, foreach prints the name
        of each submodule before evaluating the command.
        If `--recursive` is given, submodules are traversed recursively (i.e.
        the given shell command is evaluated in nested submodules as well).
        A non-zero return from the command in any submodule causes
        the processing to terminate. This can be overridden by adding '|| :'
        to the end of the command.
+
As an example, +git submodule foreach \'echo $path {backtick}git
rev-parse HEAD{backtick}'+ will show the path and currently checked out
commit for each submodule.

sync::
        Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting
        to the value specified in .gitmodules. It will only affect those
        submodules which already have a URL entry in .git/config (that is the
        case when they are initialized or freshly added). This is useful when
        submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local
        repositories accordingly.
+
"git submodule sync" synchronizes all submodules while
"git submodule sync \-- A" synchronizes submodule "A" only.

OPTIONS
-------
-q::
--quiet::
        Only print error messages.

-b::
--branch::
        Branch of repository to add as submodule.
        The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<path>.branch` in
        `.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.

-f::
--force::
        This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
        When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
        When running deinit the submodule work trees will be removed even if
        they contain local changes.
        When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when
        switching to a different commit; and always run a checkout operation
        in the submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
        containing repository matches the commit checked out in the submodule.

--cached::
        This option is only valid for status and summary commands.  These
        commands typically use the commit found in the submodule HEAD, but
        with this option, the commit stored in the index is used instead.

--files::
        This option is only valid for the summary command. This command
        compares the commit in the index with that in the submodule HEAD
        when this option is used.

-n::
--summary-limit::
        This option is only valid for the summary command.
        Limit the summary size (number of commits shown in total).
        Giving 0 will disable the summary; a negative number means unlimited
        (the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
        size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.

--remote::
        This option is only valid for the update command.  Instead of using
        the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
        status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch.  The remote used
        is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
        The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
        be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
        either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
        precedence).
+
This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
`--rebase`, etc.).  The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
+
In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
SHA-1.  If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
--remote --no-fetch`.
+
Use this option to integrate changes from the upstream subproject with
your submodule's current HEAD.  Alternatively, you can run `git pull`
from the submodule, which is equivalent except for the remote branch
name: `update --remote` uses the default upstream repository and
`submodule.<name>.branch`, while `git pull` uses the submodule's
`branch.<name>.merge`.  Prefer `submodule.<name>.branch` if you want
to distribute the default upstream branch with the superproject and
`branch.<name>.merge` if you want a more native feel while working in
the submodule itself.

-N::
--no-fetch::
        This option is only valid for the update command.
        Don't fetch new objects from the remote site.

--checkout::
        This option is only valid for the update command.
        Checkout the commit recorded in the superproject on a detached HEAD
        in the submodule. This is the default behavior, the main use of
        this option is to override `submodule.$name.update` when set to
        `merge`, `rebase` or `none`.
        If the key `submodule.$name.update` is either not explicitly set or
        set to `checkout`, this option is implicit.

--merge::
        This option is only valid for the update command.
        Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch
        of the submodule. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will
        not be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will
        have to resolve the resulting conflicts within the submodule with the
        usual conflict resolution tools.
        If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `merge`, this option is
        implicit.

--rebase::
        This option is only valid for the update command.
        Rebase the current branch onto the commit recorded in the
        superproject. If this option is given, the submodule's HEAD will not
        be detached. If a merge failure prevents this process, you will have
        to resolve these failures with linkgit:git-rebase[1].
        If the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `rebase`, this option is
        implicit.

--init::
        This option is only valid for the update command.
        Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
        called so far before updating.

--name::
        This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
        name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
        must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.

--reference <repository>::
        This option is only valid for add and update commands.  These
        commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
        this option will be passed to the linkgit:git-clone[1] command.
+
*NOTE*: Do *not* use this option unless you have read the note
for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully.

--recursive::
        This option is only valid for foreach, update and status commands.
        Traverse submodules recursively. The operation is performed not
        only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
        in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).

--depth::
        This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow'
        clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions.
        See linkgit:git-clone[1]


<path>...::
        Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
        to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
        (This argument is required with add).

FILES
-----
When initializing submodules, a .gitmodules file in the top-level directory
of the containing repository is used to find the url of each submodule.
This file should be formatted in the same way as `$GIT_DIR/config`. The key
to each submodule url is "submodule.$name.url".  See linkgit:gitmodules[5]
for details.

GIT
---
Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite