6 git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
11 'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
12 'git reset' --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
13 'git reset' [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
17 In the first and second form, copy entries from <commit> to the index.
18 In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
19 modifying index and working tree to match. The <commit> defaults to HEAD
22 'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...::
23 This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
24 state at <commit>. (It does not affect the working tree, nor
27 This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
30 After running `git reset <paths>` to update the index entry, you can
31 use linkgit:git-checkout[1] to check the contents out of the index to
33 Alternatively, using linkgit:git-checkout[1] and specifying a commit, you
34 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
35 working tree in one go.
37 'git reset' --patch|-p [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]::
38 Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
39 and <commit> (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied
40 in reverse to the index.
42 This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p` (see
45 'git reset' [--<mode>] [<commit>]::
46 This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and
47 possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of <commit>) and
48 the working tree depending on <mode>, which
49 must be one of the following:
53 Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all (but
54 resets the head to <commit>, just like all modes do). This leaves
55 all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status'
59 Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
60 are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
61 been updated. This is the default action.
64 Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the
65 working tree since <commit> are discarded.
68 Resets the index and updates the files in the working tree that are
69 different between <commit> and HEAD, but keeps those which are
70 different between the index and working tree (i.e. which have changes
71 which have not been added).
72 If a file that is different between <commit> and the index has unstaged
73 changes, reset is aborted.
75 In other words, --merge does something like a 'git read-tree -u -m <commit>',
76 but carries forward unmerged index entries.
79 Resets index entries and updates files in the working tree that are
80 different between <commit> and HEAD.
81 If a file that is different between <commit> and HEAD has local changes,
85 If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
86 linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend.
94 Be quiet, only report errors.
104 $ git add frotz.c filfre.c
107 $ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4>
110 <1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes
111 in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
112 when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
113 and changes with these files are distracting.
114 <2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
115 <3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
116 not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
117 to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
118 index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
120 <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
121 changes still in the working tree.
123 Undo a commit and redo::
127 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1>
129 $ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3>
132 <1> This is most often done when you remembered what you
133 just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
134 message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
135 <2> Make corrections to working tree files.
136 <3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
137 commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
138 edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
140 See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1].
142 Undo a commit, making it a topic branch::
145 $ git branch topic/wip <1>
146 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2>
147 $ git checkout topic/wip <3>
150 <1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
151 to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing
152 them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
154 <2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
155 <3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
157 Undo commits permanently::
161 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1>
164 <1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
165 and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if
166 you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
167 "RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for
168 the implications of doing so.)
170 Undo a merge or pull::
175 CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
176 Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
177 $ git reset --hard <2>
178 $ git pull . topic/branch <3>
179 Updating from 41223... to 13134...
181 $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4>
184 <1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
185 conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
186 right now, so you decide to do that later.
187 <2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
188 which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
189 from the index file and the working tree.
190 <3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
192 <4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
193 consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
194 tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
195 brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
196 and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
198 Undo a merge or pull inside a dirty working tree::
203 Merge made by recursive.
204 nitfol | 20 +++++----
206 $ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD <2>
209 <1> Even if you may have local modifications in your
210 working tree, you can safely say "git pull" when you know
211 that the change in the other branch does not overlap with
213 <2> After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find
214 that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory. Running
215 "git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you
216 were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not
217 want. "git reset --merge" keeps your local changes.
220 Interrupted workflow::
222 Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
223 are in the middle of a large change. The files in your
224 working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
225 need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.
228 $ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
229 $ work work work ;# got interrupted
230 $ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <1>
231 $ git checkout master
233 $ git commit ;# commit with real log
234 $ git checkout feature
235 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2>
239 <1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
240 <2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets
241 your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
242 <3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
243 committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your
244 WIP files as uncommitted.
246 See also linkgit:git-stash[1].
248 Reset a single file in the index::
250 Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not
251 want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index
252 while keeping your changes with git reset.
255 $ git reset -- frotz.c <1>
256 $ git commit -m "Commit files in index" <2>
257 $ git add frotz.c <3>
260 <1> This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working
262 <2> This commits all other changes in the index.
263 <3> Adds the file to the index again.
265 Keep changes in working tree while discarding some previous commits::
267 Suppose you are working on something and you commit it, and then you
268 continue working a bit more, but now you think that what you have in
269 your working tree should be in another branch that has nothing to do
270 with what you committed previously. You can start a new branch and
271 reset it while keeping the changes in your working tree.
275 $ git checkout -b branch1
279 $ git checkout -b branch2 <2>
280 $ git reset --keep start <3>
283 <1> This commits your first edits in branch1.
284 <2> In the ideal world, you could have realized that the earlier
285 commit did not belong to the new topic when you created and switched
286 to branch2 (i.e. "git checkout -b branch2 start"), but nobody is
288 <3> But you can use "reset --keep" to remove the unwanted commit after
289 you switched to "branch2".
295 The tables below show what happens when running:
298 git reset --option target
301 to reset the HEAD to another commit (`target`) with the different
302 reset options depending on the state of the files.
304 In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
305 file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
306 file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
307 state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then "git reset --soft
308 target" will leave the file in the working tree in state A and in the
309 index in state B. It resets (i.e. moves) the HEAD (i.e. the tip of
310 the current branch, if you are on one) to "target" (which has the file
313 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
314 ----------------------------------------------------
321 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
322 ----------------------------------------------------
329 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
330 ----------------------------------------------------
337 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
338 ----------------------------------------------------
345 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
346 ----------------------------------------------------
353 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
354 ----------------------------------------------------
361 "reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
362 merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the working tree file that is
363 involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
364 it starts, and that it writes the result out to the working tree. So if
365 we see some difference between the index and the target and also
366 between the index and the working tree, then it means that we are not
367 resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
368 with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.
370 "reset --keep" is meant to be used when removing some of the last
371 commits in the current branch while keeping changes in the working
372 tree. If there could be conflicts between the changes in the commit we
373 want to remove and the changes in the working tree we want to keep,
374 the reset is disallowed. That's why it is disallowed if there are both
375 changes between the working tree and HEAD, and between HEAD and the
376 target. To be safe, it is also disallowed when there are unmerged
379 The following tables show what happens when there are unmerged
382 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
383 ----------------------------------------------------
384 X U A B --soft (disallowed)
390 working index HEAD target working index HEAD
391 ----------------------------------------------------
392 X U A A --soft (disallowed)
398 X means any state and U means an unmerged index.
402 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite