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  28 <h1><a name="gnu_free_documentation_license" id="gnu_free_documentation_license">GNU Free Documentation License</a></h1>
  29 <div class="level1">
  30 <pre class="code">                  GNU Free Documentation License
  31                     Version 1.2, November 2002
  32
  33
  34  Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  35      51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  36  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  37  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  38
  39
  40 0. PREAMBLE
  41
  42 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  43 functional and useful document &quot;free&quot; in the sense of freedom: to
  44 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
  45 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
  46 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
  47 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
  48 for modifications made by others.
  49
  50 This License is a kind of &quot;copyleft&quot;, which means that derivative
  51 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
  52 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
  53 license designed for free software.
  54
  55 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  56 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  57 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  58 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
  59 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
  60 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
  61 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
  62
  63
  64 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  65
  66 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
  67 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
  68 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
  69 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
  70 work under the conditions stated herein.  The &quot;Document&quot;, below,
  71 refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
  72 licensee, and is addressed as &quot;you&quot;.  You accept the license if you
  73 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
  74 under copyright law.
  75
  76 A &quot;Modified Version&quot; of the Document means any work containing the
  77 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
  78 modifications and/or translated into another language.
  79
  80 A &quot;Secondary Section&quot; is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
  81 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
  82 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&#039;s overall subject
  83 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
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  89 them.
  90
  91 The &quot;Invariant Sections&quot; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
  92 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
  93 that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
  94 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
  95 allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
  96 Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
  97 Sections then there are none.
  98
  99 The &quot;Cover Texts&quot; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
 100 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
 101 the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
 102 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
 103
 104 A &quot;Transparent&quot; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
 105 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
 106 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
 107 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
 108 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
 109 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
 110 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
 111 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
 112 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
 113 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
 114 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
 115 of text.  A copy that is not &quot;Transparent&quot; is called &quot;Opaque&quot;.
 116
 117 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
 118 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
 119 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
 120 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
 121 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
 122 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
 123 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
 124 processing tools are not generally available, and the
 125 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
 126 processors for output purposes only.
 127
 128 The &quot;Title Page&quot; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
 129 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
 130 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
 131 formats which do not have any title page as such, &quot;Title Page&quot; means
 132 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&#039;s title,
 133 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
 134
 135 A section &quot;Entitled XYZ&quot; means a named subunit of the Document whose
 136 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
 137 text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
 138 specific section name mentioned below, such as &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 139 &quot;Dedications&quot;, &quot;Endorsements&quot;, or &quot;History&quot;.)  To &quot;Preserve the Title&quot;
 140 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
 141 section &quot;Entitled XYZ&quot; according to this definition.
 142
 143 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
 144 states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
 145 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
 146 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
 147 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
 148 no effect on the meaning of this License.
 149
 150
 151 2. VERBATIM COPYING
 152
 153 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
 154 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
 155 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
 156 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
 157 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
 158 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
 159 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
 160 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
 161 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
 162
 163 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
 164 you may publicly display copies.
 165
 166
 167 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
 168
 169 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
 170 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
 171 Document&#039;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
 172 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
 173 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
 174 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
 175 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
 176 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
 177 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
 178 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
 179 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
 180 as verbatim copying in other respects.
 181
 182 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
 183 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
 184 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
 185 pages.
 186
 187 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
 188 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
 189 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
 190 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
 191 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
 192 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
 193 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
 194 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
 195 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
 196 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
 197 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
 198 edition to the public.
 199
 200 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
 201 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
 202 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
 203
 204
 205 4. MODIFICATIONS
 206
 207 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
 208 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
 209 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
 210 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
 211 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
 212 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
 213
 214 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
 215    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
 216    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
 217    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
 218    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
 219 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
 220    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
 221    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
 222    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
 223    unless they release you from this requirement.
 224 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
 225    Modified Version, as the publisher.
 226 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
 227 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
 228    adjacent to the other copyright notices.
 229 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
 230    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
 231    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
 232 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
 233    and required Cover Texts given in the Document&#039;s license notice.
 234 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 235 I. Preserve the section Entitled &quot;History&quot;, Preserve its Title, and add
 236    to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
 237    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
 238    there is no section Entitled &quot;History&quot; in the Document, create one
 239    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
 240    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
 241    Version as stated in the previous sentence.
 242 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
 243    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
 244    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
 245    it was based on.  These may be placed in the &quot;History&quot; section.
 246    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
 247    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
 248    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
 249 K. For any section Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot; or &quot;Dedications&quot;,
 250    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
 251    the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
 252    and/or dedications given therein.
 253 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
 254    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
 255    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
 256 M. Delete any section Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;.  Such a section
 257    may not be included in the Modified Version.
 258 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;
 259    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
 260 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
 261
 262 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
 263 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
 264 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
 265 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
 266 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&#039;s license notice.
 267 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
 268
 269 You may add a section Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;, provided it contains
 270 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
 271 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
 272 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
 273 standard.
 274
 275 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
 276 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
 277 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
 278 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
 279 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
 280 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
 281 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
 282 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
 283 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
 284
 285 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
 286 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
 287 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
 288
 289
 290 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
 291
 292 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
 293 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
 294 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
 295 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
 296 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
 297 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
 298
 299 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
 300 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
 301 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
 302 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
 303 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
 304 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
 305 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
 306 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
 307
 308 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &quot;History&quot;
 309 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
 310 &quot;History&quot;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 311 and any sections Entitled &quot;Dedications&quot;.  You must delete all sections
 312 Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;.
 313
 314
 315 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
 316
 317 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
 318 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
 319 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
 320 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
 321 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
 322
 323 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
 324 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
 325 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
 326 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
 327
 328
 329 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
 330
 331 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
 332 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
 333 distribution medium, is called an &quot;aggregate&quot; if the copyright
 334 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
 335 of the compilation&#039;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
 336 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
 337 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
 338 derivative works of the Document.
 339
 340 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
 341 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
 342 the entire aggregate, the Document&#039;s Cover Texts may be placed on
 343 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
 344 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
 345 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
 346 aggregate.
 347
 348
 349 8. TRANSLATION
 350
 351 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
 352 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
 353 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
 354 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
 355 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
 356 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
 357 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
 358 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
 359 the original English version of this License and the original versions
 360 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
 361 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
 362 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
 363
 364 If a section in the Document is Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 365 &quot;Dedications&quot;, or &quot;History&quot;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
 366 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
 367 title.
 368
 369
 370 9. TERMINATION
 371
 372 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
 373 as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
 374 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
 375 automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
 376 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
 377 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
 378 parties remain in full compliance.
 379
 380
 381 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
 382
 383 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
 384 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
 385 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
 386 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
 387 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
 388
 389 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 390 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
 391 License &quot;or any later version&quot; applies to it, you have the option of
 392 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
 393 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
 394 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
 395 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
 396 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 397
 398
 399 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
 400
 401 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 402 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
 403 license notices just after the title page:
 404
 405     Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
 406     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 407     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
 408     or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
 409     with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
 410     A copy of the license is included in the section entitled &quot;GNU
 411     Free Documentation License&quot;.
 412
 413 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
 414 replace the &quot;with...Texts.&quot; line with this:
 415
 416     with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
 417     Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
 418
 419 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
 420 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
 421 situation.
 422
 423 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
 424 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
 425 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
 426 to permit their use in free software.
 427 </pre>
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