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  15 <h1 class="sectionedit1063"><a name="gnu_free_documentation_license" id="gnu_free_documentation_license">GNU Free Documentation License</a></h1>
  16 <div class="level1">
  17 <pre class="code">                  GNU Free Documentation License
  18                     Version 1.2, November 2002
  19
  20
  21  Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  22      51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
  23  Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  24  of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  25
  26
  27 0. PREAMBLE
  28
  29 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
  30 functional and useful document &quot;free&quot; in the sense of freedom: to
  31 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
  32 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
  33 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
  34 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
  35 for modifications made by others.
  36
  37 This License is a kind of &quot;copyleft&quot;, which means that derivative
  38 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.  It
  39 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
  40 license designed for free software.
  41
  42 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
  43 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
  44 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
  45 software does.  But this License is not limited to software manuals;
  46 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
  47 whether it is published as a printed book.  We recommend this License
  48 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
  49
  50
  51 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
  52
  53 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
  54 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
  55 distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice grants a
  56 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
  57 work under the conditions stated herein.  The &quot;Document&quot;, below,
  58 refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the public is a
  59 licensee, and is addressed as &quot;you&quot;.  You accept the license if you
  60 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
  61 under copyright law.
  62
  63 A &quot;Modified Version&quot; of the Document means any work containing the
  64 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
  65 modifications and/or translated into another language.
  66
  67 A &quot;Secondary Section&quot; is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
  68 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
  69 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document&#039;s overall subject
  70 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
  71 within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document is in part a
  72 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
  73 mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of historical
  74 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
  75 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
  76 them.
  77
  78 The &quot;Invariant Sections&quot; are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
  79 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
  80 that says that the Document is released under this License.  If a
  81 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
  82 allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may contain zero
  83 Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify any Invariant
  84 Sections then there are none.
  85
  86 The &quot;Cover Texts&quot; are certain short passages of text that are listed,
  87 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
  88 the Document is released under this License.  A Front-Cover Text may
  89 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
  90
  91 A &quot;Transparent&quot; copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
  92 represented in a format whose specification is available to the
  93 general public, that is suitable for revising the document
  94 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
  95 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
  96 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
  97 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
  98 to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
  99 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
 100 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
 101 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
 102 of text.  A copy that is not &quot;Transparent&quot; is called &quot;Opaque&quot;.
 103
 104 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
 105 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
 106 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
 107 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.  Examples of
 108 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.  Opaque formats
 109 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
 110 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
 111 processing tools are not generally available, and the
 112 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
 113 processors for output purposes only.
 114
 115 The &quot;Title Page&quot; means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
 116 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
 117 this License requires to appear in the title page.  For works in
 118 formats which do not have any title page as such, &quot;Title Page&quot; means
 119 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work&#039;s title,
 120 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
 121
 122 A section &quot;Entitled XYZ&quot; means a named subunit of the Document whose
 123 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
 124 text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ stands for a
 125 specific section name mentioned below, such as &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 126 &quot;Dedications&quot;, &quot;Endorsements&quot;, or &quot;History&quot;.)  To &quot;Preserve the Title&quot;
 127 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
 128 section &quot;Entitled XYZ&quot; according to this definition.
 129
 130 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
 131 states that this License applies to the Document.  These Warranty
 132 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
 133 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
 134 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
 135 no effect on the meaning of this License.
 136
 137
 138 2. VERBATIM COPYING
 139
 140 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
 141 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
 142 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
 143 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
 144 conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You may not use
 145 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
 146 copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However, you may accept
 147 compensation in exchange for copies.  If you distribute a large enough
 148 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
 149
 150 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
 151 you may publicly display copies.
 152
 153
 154 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
 155
 156 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
 157 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
 158 Document&#039;s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
 159 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
 160 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
 161 the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
 162 you as the publisher of these copies.  The front cover must present
 163 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
 164 visible.  You may add other material on the covers in addition.
 165 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
 166 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
 167 as verbatim copying in other respects.
 168
 169 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
 170 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
 171 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
 172 pages.
 173
 174 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
 175 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
 176 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
 177 a computer-network location from which the general network-using
 178 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
 179 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
 180 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
 181 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
 182 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
 183 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
 184 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
 185 edition to the public.
 186
 187 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
 188 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
 189 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
 190
 191
 192 4. MODIFICATIONS
 193
 194 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
 195 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
 196 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
 197 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
 198 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
 199 of it.  In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
 200
 201 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
 202    from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
 203    (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
 204    of the Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version
 205    if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
 206 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
 207    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
 208    Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
 209    Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
 210    unless they release you from this requirement.
 211 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
 212    Modified Version, as the publisher.
 213 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
 214 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
 215    adjacent to the other copyright notices.
 216 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
 217    giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
 218    terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
 219 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
 220    and required Cover Texts given in the Document&#039;s license notice.
 221 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 222 I. Preserve the section Entitled &quot;History&quot;, Preserve its Title, and add
 223    to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
 224    publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If
 225    there is no section Entitled &quot;History&quot; in the Document, create one
 226    stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
 227    given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
 228    Version as stated in the previous sentence.
 229 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
 230    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
 231    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
 232    it was based on.  These may be placed in the &quot;History&quot; section.
 233    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
 234    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
 235    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
 236 K. For any section Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot; or &quot;Dedications&quot;,
 237    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
 238    the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
 239    and/or dedications given therein.
 240 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
 241    unaltered in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers
 242    or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
 243 M. Delete any section Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;.  Such a section
 244    may not be included in the Modified Version.
 245 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;
 246    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
 247 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
 248
 249 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
 250 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
 251 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
 252 of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their titles to the
 253 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version&#039;s license notice.
 254 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
 255
 256 You may add a section Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;, provided it contains
 257 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
 258 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
 259 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
 260 standard.
 261
 262 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
 263 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
 264 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage of
 265 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
 266 through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document already
 267 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
 268 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
 269 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
 270 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
 271
 272 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
 273 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
 274 imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
 275
 276
 277 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
 278
 279 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
 280 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
 281 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
 282 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
 283 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
 284 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
 285
 286 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
 287 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
 288 copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
 289 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
 290 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
 291 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
 292 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
 293 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
 294
 295 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled &quot;History&quot;
 296 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
 297 &quot;History&quot;; likewise combine any sections Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 298 and any sections Entitled &quot;Dedications&quot;.  You must delete all sections
 299 Entitled &quot;Endorsements&quot;.
 300
 301
 302 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
 303
 304 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
 305 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
 306 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
 307 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
 308 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
 309
 310 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
 311 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
 312 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
 313 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
 314
 315
 316 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
 317
 318 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
 319 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
 320 distribution medium, is called an &quot;aggregate&quot; if the copyright
 321 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
 322 of the compilation&#039;s users beyond what the individual works permit.
 323 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
 324 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
 325 derivative works of the Document.
 326
 327 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
 328 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
 329 the entire aggregate, the Document&#039;s Cover Texts may be placed on
 330 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
 331 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
 332 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
 333 aggregate.
 334
 335
 336 8. TRANSLATION
 337
 338 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
 339 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
 340 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
 341 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
 342 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
 343 original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
 344 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
 345 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
 346 the original English version of this License and the original versions
 347 of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a disagreement between
 348 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
 349 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
 350
 351 If a section in the Document is Entitled &quot;Acknowledgements&quot;,
 352 &quot;Dedications&quot;, or &quot;History&quot;, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
 353 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
 354 title.
 355
 356
 357 9. TERMINATION
 358
 359 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
 360 as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other attempt to
 361 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
 362 automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
 363 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
 364 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
 365 parties remain in full compliance.
 366
 367
 368 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
 369
 370 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
 371 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
 372 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
 373 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
 374 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
 375
 376 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
 377 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
 378 License &quot;or any later version&quot; applies to it, you have the option of
 379 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
 380 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
 381 Free Software Foundation.  If the Document does not specify a version
 382 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
 383 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
 384
 385
 386 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
 387
 388 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
 389 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
 390 license notices just after the title page:
 391
 392     Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
 393     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
 394     under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
 395     or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
 396     with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
 397     A copy of the license is included in the section entitled &quot;GNU
 398     Free Documentation License&quot;.
 399
 400 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
 401 replace the &quot;with...Texts.&quot; line with this:
 402
 403     with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
 404     Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
 405
 406 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
 407 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
 408 situation.
 409
 410 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
 411 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
 412 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
 413 to permit their use in free software.</pre>
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