1 ############################
2 Editor module specific rules
3 ############################
5 The editor module has not been maintained aggressively about a decade. Therefore, this module needs
6 to be treated as a young module or in a transition period to align the behavior to the other
7 browsers and take modern C++ style.
9 Undoubtedly, this editor module is under rewritten for modern and optimized for current specs.
10 Additionally, this module does really complicated things which may cause security issues.
11 Therefore, there are specific rules:
13 Treat other browsers behavior as standard if the behavior is reasonable
14 =======================================================================
16 The editing behavior is not standardized since as you see too many lines in the editor classes, the
17 number of cases which need to handle edge cases is crazy and that makes it impossible to standardize.
18 Additionally, our editor behavior is not so stable. Some behaviors were aligned to Internet Explorer,
19 some other behaviors were not for making "better" UX for users of email composer and HTML composer
20 which were in SeaMonkey, and the other browser engines (Blink and WebKit) have same roots but the
21 behavior is different from both IE and Gecko.
23 Therefore, there were no reference behavior.
25 In these days, compatibility between browsers becomes more important, and fortunately, the behavior
26 of Blink (Chrome/Chromium) which has the biggest market share is more reasonable than ours in a lot
27 of cases. Therefore, if we get web-compat issue reports, we should align the behavior to Blink in
30 However, if Blink's behavior is also odd, this is the worst case. In this case, we should try to
31 align the behavior to WebKit if and only if WebKit's behavior is different from Blink and
32 reasonable, or doing something "better" for hiding the issue from web-apps and file an issue to the
33 Editing Working Group with creating a "tentative" web-platform test.
35 Don't make methods of editor classes public if they are used only by helper classes
36 ===================================================================================
38 Although this is a silly rule. Of course, APIs of editor classes need to be public for the other
39 modules. However, the other methods which are used only by helper classes in the editor module --the
40 methods may be crashed if called by the other modules because editor classes store and guarantee the
41 colleagues (e.g., ``Selection``) when it starts to handle an edit action (edit command or
42 operation)-- does not want to do it for the performance reason. Therefore, such methods are now
43 declared as protected methods and the caller classes are registered as friends.
45 For solving this issue, we could split the editor classes one is exported and the other is not
46 exposed, and make the former to proxies and own the latter. However, this approach might cause
47 performance regressions and requires a lot of line changes (at least each method definition and
48 warning messages at the caller sides). Tracked in
49 `bug 1555916 <https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1555916>`__.
51 Steps to handle one editor command or operation
52 ===============================================
54 One edit command or operation is called "edit action" in the editor module. Handling it starts
55 when an XPCOM method or a public method which is named as ``*AsAction``. Those methods create
56 ``AutoEditActionDataSetter`` in the stack first, then, call one of ``CanHandle()``,
57 ``CanHandleAndMaybeDispatchBeforeInputEvent()`` or ``CanHandleAndFlushPendingNotifications()``.
58 If ``CanHandleAndMaybeDispatchBeforeInputEvent()`` causes dispatching ``beforeinput`` event and if
59 the event is consumed by the web app, it returns ``NS_ERROR_EDITOR_ACTION_CANCELED``. In this case,
60 the method can do anything due to the ``beforeinput`` event definition.
62 At this time, ``AutoEditActionDataSetter`` stores ``Selection`` etc which are required for handling
63 the edit action in it and set ``EditorBase::mEditActionData`` to its address. Then all methods of
64 editor can access the objects via the pointer (typically wrapped in inline methods) and the lifetime
65 of the objects are guaranteed.
67 Then, the methods call one or more edit-sub action handlers. E.g., when user types a character
68 with a non-collapsed selection range, editor needs to delete the selected content first and insert
69 the character there. For implementing this behavior, "insert text" edit action handler needs to call
70 "delete selection" sub-action handler and "insert text" sub-action handler. The sub-edit action
71 handlers are named as ``*AsSubAction``.
73 The callers of edit sub-action handlers or the handlers themselves create ``AutoPlaceholderBatch``
74 in the stack. This creates a placeholder transaction to make all transactions undoable with one
77 Then, each edit sub-action handler creates ``AutoEditSubActionNotifier`` in the stack and if it's
78 the topmost edit sub-action handling, ``OnStartToHandleTopLevelEditSubAction()`` is called at the
79 creation and ``OnEndHandlingTopLevelEditSubAction()`` is called at the destruction. The latter will
80 clean up the modified range, e.g., remove unnecessary empty nodes.
82 Finally, the edit sub-actions does something while ``AutoEditSubActionNotifier`` is alive. Helper
83 methods of edit sub-action handlers are typically named as ``*WithTransaction`` because they are
84 done with transaction classes for making everything undoable.
86 Don't update Selection immediately
87 ==================================
89 Changing the ranges of ``Selection`` is expensive (due ot validating new range, notifying new
90 selected or unselected frames, notifying selection listeners, etc), and retrieving current
91 ``Selection`` ranges at staring to handle something makes the code statefull which is harder to
92 debug when you investigate a bug. Therefore, each method should return new caret position or
93 update ranges given as in/out parameter of ``AutoRangeArray``. ``Result<CaretPoint, nsresult>``
94 is a good result type for the former, and the latter is useful style if the method needs to keep
95 ``Selection`` similar to given ranges, e.g., when paragraphs around selection are changed to
96 different type of blocks. Finally, edit sub-action handler methods should update ``Selection``
97 before destroying ``AutoEditSubActionNotifier`` whose post-processing requires ``Selection``.
99 Don't add new things into OnEndHandlingTopLevelEditSubAction()
100 ==============================================================
102 When the topmost edit sub-action is handled, ``OnEndHandlingTopLevelEditSubAction`` is called and
103 it cleans up something in (or around) the modified range. However, this "post-processing" approach
104 makes it harder to change the behavior for fixing web-compat issues. For example, it deletes empty
105 nodes in the range, but if only some empty nodes are inserted intentionally, it doesn't have the
106 details and may unexpectedly delete necessary empty nodes.
108 Instead, new things should be done immediately at or after modifying the DOM tree, and if it
109 requires to disable the post-processing, add new ``bool`` flag to
110 ``EditorBase::TopLevelEditSubActionData`` and when it's set, make
111 ``OnEndHandlingTopLevelEditSubAction`` stop doing something.
113 Don't use NS_WARN_IF for checking NS_FAILED, isErr() and Failed()
114 =================================================================
116 The warning messages like ``NS_FAILED(rv)`` does not help except the line number, and in the cases
117 of that we get web-compat reports, somewhere in the editor modules may get unexpected result. For
118 saving the investigation time of web-compat issues, each failure should warn which method call
123 nsresult rv = DoSomething();
125 NS_WARNING("HTMLEditor::DoSomething() failed");
129 These warnings will let you know the stack of failure in debug build. In other words, when you
130 investigate a web-compat issue in editor, you should do the steps to reproduce in debug build first.
131 Then, you'd see failure point stack in the terminal.
133 Return NS_ERROR_EDITOR_DESTROYED when editor gets destroyed
134 ===========================================================
136 The most critical error while an editor class method is running is what the editor instance is
137 destroyed by the web app. This can be checked with a call of ``EditorBase::Destroyed()`` and
138 if it returns ``true``, methods should return ``NS_ERROR_EDITOR_DESTROYED`` with stopping handling
139 anything. Then, all callers which handle the error result properly will stop handling too.
140 Finally, public methods should return ``EditorBase::ToGenericNSResult(rv)`` instead of exposing
141 an internal error of the editor module.
143 Note that destroying the editor is intentional thing for the web app. Thus we should not throw
144 exception for this failure reason. Therefore, the public methods shouldn't return error.
146 When you make a method return ``NS_ERROR_EDITOR_DESTROYED`` properly, you should mark the method
147 as ``[[nodiscard]]``. In other words, if you see ``[[nodiscard]]`` in method definition and it
148 returns ``nsresult`` or ``Result<*, nsresult>``, the method callers do not need to check
149 ``Destroyed()`` by themselves.
151 Use reference instead of pointer as far as possible
152 ===================================================
154 When you create or redesign a method, it should take references instead of pointers if they take.
155 This rule forces that the caller to do null-check and this avoids a maybe unexpected case like:
159 inline bool IsBRElement(const nsINode* aNode) {
160 return aNode && aNode->IsHTMLElement(nsGkAtoms::br);
163 void DoSomethingExceptIfBRElement(const nsINode* aNode) {
164 if (IsBRElement(aNode)) {
167 // Do something for non-BR element node.
170 In this case, ``DoSomethingExceptIfBRElement`` expects that ``aNode`` is never ``nullptr`` but it
171 could be at least in build time. Using reference fixes this mistake at build time.
173 Use ``EditorUtils`` or ``HTMLEditUtils`` for stateless methods
174 ==============================================================
176 When you create a new static method to the editor classes or a new inline method in cpp file which
177 defines the editor classes, please check if it's a common method which may be used from other
178 places in the editor module. If it's possible to be used only in ``HTMLEditor`` or its helper
179 classes, the method should be in ``HTMLEditUtils``. If it's possible be used in ``EditorBase`` or
180 ``TextEditor`` or their helper classes, it should be in ``EditorUtils``.
182 Don't use bool argument
183 =======================
185 If you create a new method which take one or more ``bool`` arguments, use ``enum class`` instead
186 since ``true`` or ``false`` in the caller side is not easy to read. For example, you must not
187 be able to understand what this example mean:
191 if (IsEmpty(aNode, true)) {
193 For avoiding this issue, you should create new ``enum class`` for each. E.g.,
197 if (IsEmpty(aNode, TreatSingleBR::AsVisible)) {
199 Basically, both ``enum class`` name and its value names explains what it means fluently. However, if
200 it's impossible, use ``No`` and ``Yes`` for the value like:
204 if (DoSomething(aNode, OnlyIfEmpty::Yes)) {
206 Don't use out parameters
207 ========================
209 In most cases, editor methods meet error of low level APIs, thus editor methods usually return error
210 code. On the other hand, a lot of code need to return computed things, e.g., new caret position,
211 whether it's handled, ignored or canceled, a target node looked for, etc. We used ``nsresult`` for
212 the return value type and out parameters for the other results, but it makes callers scattering a
213 lot of auto variables and reusing them makes the code harder to understand.
215 Now we can use ``mozilla::Result<Foo, nsresult>`` instead.