classbuilder: Use .hpp instead of .h for C++ header file extension

[geany-mirror.git] / doc / geany.txt

.. |(version)| replace:: 1.28
.. -*- reStructuredText -*-

=======
 Geany
=======

-------------------------
 A fast, light, GTK+ IDE
-------------------------

:Authors: Enrico Tröger,
          Nick Treleaven,
          Frank Lanitz,
          Colomban Wendling,
          Matthew Brush
:Date: 2016-03-13
:Version: |(version)|

Copyright © 2005-2016

This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version. A copy of this
license can be found in the file COPYING included with the source code
of this program, and also in the chapter `GNU General Public License`_.


.. contents::



Introduction
============


About Geany
-----------

Geany is a small and lightweight Integrated Development Environment. It
was developed to provide a small and fast IDE, which has only a few
dependencies on other packages. Another goal was to be as independent
as possible from a particular Desktop Environment like KDE or GNOME -
Geany only requires the GTK+ runtime libraries.

Some basic features of Geany:

* Syntax highlighting
* Code folding
* Autocompletion of symbols/words
* Construct completion/snippets
* Auto-closing of XML and HTML tags
* Calltips
* Many supported filetypes including C, Java, PHP, HTML, Python, Perl,
  Pascal, and others
* Symbol lists
* Code navigation
* Build system to compile and execute your code
* Simple project management
* Plugin interface



Where to get it
---------------

You can obtain Geany from http://www.geany.org/ or perhaps also from
your distribution. For a list of available packages, please see
http://www.geany.org/Download/ThirdPartyPackages.



License
-------

Geany is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
the License, or (at your option) any later version. A copy of this
license can be found in the file COPYING included with the source
code of this program and in the chapter, `GNU General Public License`_.

The included Scintilla library (found in the subdirectory
``scintilla/``) has its own license, which can be found in the chapter,
`License for Scintilla and SciTE`_.



About this document
-------------------

This documentation is available in HTML and text formats.
The latest version can always be found at http://www.geany.org/.

If you want to contribute to it, see `Contributing to this document`_.




Installation
============


Requirements
------------

You will need the GTK (>= 2.24) libraries and their dependencies
(Pango, GLib and ATK). Your distro should provide packages for these,
usually installed by default. For Windows, you can download an installer
from the website which bundles these libraries.


Binary packages
---------------

There are many binary packages available. For an up-to-date but maybe
incomplete list see http://www.geany.org/Download/ThirdPartyPackages.


Source compilation
------------------

Compiling Geany is quite easy.
To do so, you need the GTK (>= 2.24) libraries and header files.
You also need the Pango, GLib and ATK libraries and header files.
All these files are available at http://www.gtk.org, but very often
your distro will provide development packages to save the trouble of
building these yourself.

Furthermore you need, of course, a C and C++ compiler. The GNU versions
of these tools are recommended.

Autotools based build system
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To compile Geany yourself, you just need the Make tool, preferably GNU Make.

Then run the following commands::

    $ ./configure
    $ make

Then as root::

    % make install

Or via sudo::

    % sudo make install

Custom installation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The configure script supports several common options, for a detailed
list, type::

    $ ./configure --help


You may also want to read the INSTALL file for advanced installation
options.

* See also `Compile-time options`_.

Dynamic linking loader support and VTE
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In the case that your system lacks dynamic linking loader support, you
probably want to pass the option ``--disable-vte`` to the ``configure``
script. This prevents compiling Geany with dynamic linking loader
support for automatically loading ``libvte.so.4`` if available.

Build problems
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If there are any errors during compilation, check your build
environment and try to find the error, otherwise contact the mailing
list or one the authors. Sometimes you might need to ask for specific
help from your distribution.


Installation prefix
-------------------
If you want to find Geany's system files after installation you may
want to know the installation prefix.

Pass the ``--print-prefix`` option to Geany to check this - see
`Command line options`_. The first path is the prefix.

On Unix-like systems this is commonly ``/usr`` if you installed from
a binary package, or ``/usr/local`` if you build from source.

.. note::
    Editing system files is not necessary as you should use the
    per-user configuration files instead, which don't need root
    permissions. See `Configuration files`_.


Usage
=====


Getting started
---------------

You can start Geany in the following ways:

* From the Desktop Environment menu:

  Choose in your application menu of your used Desktop Environment:
  Development --> Geany.

  At Windows-systems you will find Geany after installation inside
  the application menu within its special folder.

* From the command line:

  To start Geany from a command line, type the following and press
  Return::

      % geany

The Geany workspace
-------------------

The Geany window is shown in the following figure:

.. image:: ./images/main_window.png

The workspace has the following parts:

* The menu.
* An optional toolbar.
* An optional sidebar that can show the following tabs:

  * Documents - A document list, and
  * Symbols - A list of symbols in your code.

* The main editor window.
* An optional message window which can show the following tabs:

  * Status - A list of status messages.
  * Compiler - The output of compiling or building programs.
  * Messages - Results of 'Find Usage', 'Find in Files' and other actions
  * Scribble - A text scratchpad for any use.
  * Terminal - An optional terminal window.

* A status bar

Most of these can be configured in the `Interface preferences`_, the
`View menu`_, or the popup menu for the relevant area.

Additional tabs may be added to the sidebar and message window by plugins.

The position of the tabs can be selected in the interface preferences.

The sizes of the sidebar and message window can be adjusted by
dragging the dividers.

Command line options
--------------------

============  =======================  =================================================
Short option  Long option              Function
============  =======================  =================================================
*none*        +number                  Set initial line number for the first opened file
                                       (same as --line, do not put a space between the + sign
                                       and the number). E.g. "geany +7 foo.bar" will open the
                                       file foo.bar and place the cursor in line 7.

*none*        --column                 Set initial column number for the first opened file.

-c dir_name   --config=directory_name  Use an alternate configuration directory. The default
                                       configuration directory is ``~/.config/geany/`` and that
                                       is where ``geany.conf`` and other configuration files
                                       reside.

*none*        --ft-names               Print a list of Geany's internal filetype names (useful
                                       for snippets configuration).

-g            --generate-tags          Generate a global tags file (see
                                       `Generating a global tags file`_).

-P            --no-preprocessing       Don't preprocess C/C++ files when generating tags file.

-i            --new-instance           Do not open files in a running instance, force opening
                                       a new instance. Only available if Geany was compiled
                                       with support for Sockets.

-l            --line                   Set initial line number for the first opened file.

*none*        --list-documents         Return a list of open documents in a running Geany
                                       instance.
                                       This can be used to read the currently opened documents in
                                       Geany from an external script or tool. The returned list
                                       is separated by newlines (LF) and consists of the full,
                                       UTF-8 encoded filenames of the documents.
                                       Only available if Geany was compiled with support for
                                       Sockets.

-m            --no-msgwin              Do not show the message window. Use this option if you
                                       do not need compiler messages or VTE support.

-n            --no-ctags               Do not load symbol completion and call tip data. Use this
                                       option if you do not want to use them.

-p            --no-plugins             Do not load plugins or plugin support.

*none*        --print-prefix           Print installation prefix, the data directory, the lib
                                       directory and the locale directory (in that order) to
                                       stdout, one line each. This is mainly intended for plugin
                                       authors to detect installation paths.

-r            --read-only              Open all files given on the command line in read-only mode.
                                       This only applies to files opened explicitly from the command
                                       line, so files from previous sessions or project files are
                                       unaffected.

-s            --no-session             Do not load the previous session's files.

-t            --no-terminal            Do not load terminal support. Use this option if you do
                                       not want to load the virtual terminal emulator widget
                                       at startup. If you do not have ``libvte.so.4`` installed,
                                       then terminal-support is automatically disabled. Only
                                       available if Geany was compiled with support for VTE.

*none*        --socket-file            Use this socket filename for communication with a
                                       running Geany instance. This can be used with the following
                                       command to execute Geany on the current workspace::

                                         geany --socket-file=/tmp/geany-sock-$(xprop -root _NET_CURRENT_DESKTOP | awk '{print $3}')

*none*        --vte-lib                Specify explicitly the path including filename or only
                                       the filename to the VTE library, e.g.
                                       ``/usr/lib/libvte.so`` or ``libvte.so``. This option is
                                       only needed when the auto-detection does not work. Only
                                       available if Geany was compiled with support for VTE.

-v            --verbose                Be verbose (print useful status messages).

-V            --version                Show version information and exit.

-?            --help                   Show help information and exit.

*none*        [files ...]              Open all given files at startup. This option causes
                                       Geany to ignore loading stored files from the last
                                       session (if enabled).
                                       Geany also recognizes line and column information when
                                       appended to the filename with colons, e.g.
                                       "geany foo.bar:10:5" will open the file foo.bar and
                                       place the cursor in line 10 at column 5.

                                       Projects can also be opened but a project file (\*.geany)
                                       must be the first non-option argument. All additionally
                                       given files are ignored.
============  =======================  =================================================

You can also pass line number and column number information, e.g.::

    geany some_file.foo:55:4

Geany supports all generic GTK options, a list is available on the
help screen.



General
-------


Startup
^^^^^^^

At startup, Geany loads all files from the last time Geany was
launched. You can disable this feature in the preferences dialog
(see `General Startup preferences`_).

You can start several instances of Geany, but only the first will
load files from the last session. In the subsequent instances, you
can find these files in the file menu under the "Recent files" item.
By default this contains the last 10 recently opened files. You can
change the number of recently opened files in the preferences dialog.

To run a second instance of Geany, do not specify any filenames on
the command-line, or disable opening files in a running instance
using the appropriate command line option.


Opening files from the command-line in a running instance
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Geany detects if there is an instance of itself already running and opens files
from the command-line in that instance. So, Geany can
be used to view and edit files by opening them from other programs
such as a file manager.

You can also pass line number and column number information, e.g.::

    geany some_file.foo:55:4

This would open the file ``some_file.foo`` with the cursor on line 55,
column 4.

If you do not like this for some reason, you can disable using the first
instance by using the appropriate command line option -- see the section
called `Command line options`_.


Virtual terminal emulator widget (VTE)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If you have installed ``libvte.so`` on your system, it is loaded
automatically by Geany, and you will have a terminal widget in the
notebook at the bottom.

If Geany cannot find any ``libvte.so`` at startup, the terminal widget
will not be loaded. So there is no need to install the package containing
this file in order to run Geany. Additionally, you can disable the use
of the terminal widget by command line option, for more information
see the section called `Command line options`_.

You can use this terminal (from now on called VTE) much as you would
a terminal program like xterm. There is basic clipboard support. You
can paste the contents of the clipboard by pressing the right mouse
button to open the popup menu, and choosing Paste. To copy text from
the VTE, just select the desired text and then press the right mouse
button and choose Copy from the popup menu. On systems running the
X Window System you can paste the last selected text by pressing the
middle mouse button in the VTE (on 2-button mice, the middle button
can often be simulated by pressing both mouse buttons together).

In the preferences dialog you can specify a shell which should be
started in the VTE. To make the specified shell a login shell just
use the appropriate command line options for the shell. These options
should be found in the manual page of the shell. For zsh and bash
you can use the argument ``--login``.

.. note::
    Geany tries to load ``libvte.so``. If this fails, it tries to load
    some other filenames. If this fails too, you should check whether you
    installed libvte correctly. Again note, Geany will run without this
    library.

It could be, that the library is called something else than
``libvte.so`` (e.g. on FreeBSD 6.0 it is called ``libvte.so.8``). If so
please set a link to the correct file (as root)::

    # ln -s /usr/lib/libvte.so.X /usr/lib/libvte.so

Obviously, you have to adjust the paths and set X to the number of your
``libvte.so``.

You can also specify the filename of the VTE library to use on the command
line (see the section called `Command line options`_) or at compile time
by specifying the command line option ``--with-vte-module-path`` to
./configure.


Defining own widget styles using .gtkrc-2.0
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can define your widget style for many of Geany's GUI parts. To
do this, just edit your ``.gtkrc-2.0`` (usually found in your home
directory on UNIX-like systems and in the etc subdirectory of your
Geany installation on Windows).

To have a defined style used by Geany you must assign it to
at least one of Geany's widgets. For example use the following line::

    widget "Geany*" style "geanyStyle"

This would assign your style "geany_style" to all Geany
widgets. You can also assign styles only to specific widgets. At the
moment you can use the following widgets:

* GeanyMainWindow
* GeanyEditMenu
* GeanyToolbarMenu
* GeanyDialog
* GeanyDialogPrefs
* GeanyDialogProject
* GeanyDialogSearch
* GeanyMenubar
* GeanyToolbar

An example of a simple ``.gtkrc-2.0``::

    style "geanyStyle"
    {
        font_name="Sans 12"
    }
    widget "GeanyMainWindow" style "geanyStyle"

    style "geanyStyle"
    {
        font_name="Sans 10"
    }
    widget "GeanyPrefsDialog" style "geanyStyle"


Documents
---------

Switching between documents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The documents list and the editor tabs are two different ways
to switch between documents using the mouse. When you hit the key
combination to move between tabs, the order is determined by the tab
order. It is not alphabetical as shown in the documents list
(regardless of whether or not editor tabs are visible).

See the `Notebook tab keybindings`_ section for useful
shortcuts including for Most-Recently-Used document switching.

Cloning documents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The `Document->Clone` menu item copies the current document's text,
cursor position and properties into a new untitled document. If
there is a selection, only the selected text is copied. This can be
useful when making temporary copies of text or for creating
documents with similar or identical contents.


Character sets and Unicode Byte-Order-Mark (BOM)
------------------------------------------------


Using character sets
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Geany provides support for detecting and converting character sets. So
you can open and save files in different character sets, and even
convert a file from one character set to another. To do this,
Geany uses the character conversion capabilities of the GLib library.

Only text files are supported, i.e. opening files which contain
NULL-bytes may fail. Geany will try to open the file anyway but it is
likely that the file will be truncated because it can only be read up
to the first occurrence of a NULL-byte. All characters after this
position are lost and are not written when you save the file.

Geany tries to detect the encoding of a file while opening it, but
auto-detecting the encoding of a file is not easy and sometimes an
encoding might not be detected correctly. In this case you have to
set the encoding of the file manually in order to display it
correctly. You can this in the file open dialog by selecting an
encoding in the drop down box or by reloading the file with the
file menu item "Reload as". The auto-detection works well for most
encodings but there are also some encodings where it is known that
auto-detection has problems.

There are different ways to set different encodings in Geany:

* Using the file open dialog

  This opens the file with the encoding specified in the encoding drop
  down box. If the encoding is set to "Detect from file" auto-detection
  will be used. If the encoding is set to "Without encoding (None)" the
  file will be opened without any character conversion and Geany will
  not try to auto-detect the encoding (see below for more information).

* Using the "Reload as" menu item

  This item reloads the current file with the specified encoding. It can
  help if you opened a file and found out that the wrong encoding was used.

* Using the "Set encoding" menu item

  Contrary to the above two options, this will not change or reload
  the current file unless you save it. It is useful when you want to
  change the encoding of the file.

* Specifying the encoding in the file itself

  As mentioned above, auto-detecting the encoding of a file may fail on
  some encodings. If you know that Geany doesn't open a certain file,
  you can add the specification line, described in the next section,
  to the beginning of the file to force Geany to use a specific
  encoding when opening the file.


In-file encoding specification
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Geany detects meta tags of HTML files which contain charset information
like::

    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-15" />

and the specified charset is used when opening the file. This is useful if the
encoding of the file cannot be detected properly.
For non-HTML files you can also define a line like::

    /* geany_encoding=ISO-8859-15 */

or::

    # geany_encoding=ISO-8859-15 #

to force an encoding to be used. The #, /\* and \*/ are examples
of filetype-specific comment characters. It doesn't matter which
characters are around the string " geany_encoding=ISO-8859-15 " as long
as there is at least one whitespace character before and after this
string. Whitespace characters are in this case a space or tab character.
An example to use this could be you have a file with ISO-8859-15
encoding but Geany constantly detects the file encoding as ISO-8859-1.
Then you simply add such a line to the file and Geany will open it
correctly the next time.

Since Geany 0.15 you can also use lines which match the
regular expression used to find the encoding string:
``coding[\t ]*[:=][\t ]*([a-z0-9-]+)[\t ]*``

.. note::
    These specifications must be in the first 512 bytes of the file.
    Anything after the first 512 bytes will not be recognized.

Some examples are::

    # encoding = ISO-8859-15

or::

    # coding: ISO-8859-15

Special encoding "None"
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

There is a special encoding "None" which uses no
encoding. It is useful when you know that Geany cannot auto-detect
the encoding of a file and it is not displayed correctly. Especially
when the file contains NULL-bytes this can be useful to skip auto
detection and open the file properly at least until the occurrence
of the first NULL-byte. Using this encoding opens the file as it is
without any character conversion.


Unicode Byte-Order-Mark (BOM)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Furthermore, Geany detects a Unicode Byte Order Mark (see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_Order_Mark for details). Of course,
this feature is only available if the opened file is in a Unicode
encoding. The Byte Order Mark helps to detect the encoding of a file,
e.g. whether it is UTF-16LE or UTF-16BE and so on. On Unix-like systems
using a Byte Order Mark could cause some problems for programs not
expecting it, e.g. the compiler gcc stops
with stray errors, PHP does not parse a script containing a BOM and
script files starting with a she-bang maybe cannot be started. In the
status bar you can easily see whether the file starts with a BOM or
not.

If you want to set a BOM for a file or if you want to remove it
from a file, just use the document menu and toggle the checkbox.

.. note::
    If you are unsure what a BOM is or if you do not understand where
    to use it, then it is probably not important for you and you can
    safely ignore it.



Editing
-------


Folding
^^^^^^^

Geany provides basic code folding support. Folding means the ability to
show and hide parts of the text in the current file. You can hide
unimportant code sections and concentrate on the parts you are working on
and later you can show hidden sections again. In the editor window there is
a small grey margin on the left side with [+] and [-] symbols which
show hidden parts and hide parts of the file respectively. By
clicking on these icons you can simply show and hide sections which are
marked by vertical lines within this margin. For many filetypes nested
folding is supported, so there may be several fold points within other
fold points.

.. note::
    You can customize the folding icon and line styles - see the
    filetypes.common `Folding Settings`_.

If you don't like it or don't need it at all, you can simply disable
folding support completely in the preferences dialog.

The folding behaviour can be changed with the "Fold/Unfold all children of
a fold point" option in the preference dialog. If activated, Geany will
unfold all nested fold points below the current one if they are already
folded (when clicking on a [+] symbol).
When clicking on a [-] symbol, Geany will fold all nested fold points
below the current one if they are unfolded.

This option can be inverted by pressing the Shift
key while clicking on a fold symbol. That means, if the "Fold/Unfold all
children of a fold point" option is enabled, pressing Shift will disable
it for this click and vice versa.


Column mode editing (rectangular selections)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

There is basic support for column mode editing. To use it, create a
rectangular selection by holding down the Control and Shift keys
(or Alt and Shift on Windows) while selecting some text.
Once a rectangular selection exists you can start editing the text within
this selection and the modifications will be done for every line in the
selection.

It is also possible to create a zero-column selection - this is
useful to insert text on multiple lines.

Drag and drop of text
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If you drag selected text in the editor widget of Geany the text is
moved to the position where the mouse pointer is when releasing the
mouse button. Holding Control when releasing the mouse button will
copy the text instead. This behaviour was changed in Geany 0.11 -
before the selected text was copied to the new position.


Indentation
^^^^^^^^^^^

Geany allows each document to indent either with a tab character,
multiple spaces or a combination of both.

The *Tabs* setting indents with one tab character per indent level, and
displays tabs as the indent width.

The *Spaces* setting indents with the number of spaces set in the indent
width for each level.

The *Tabs and Spaces* setting indents with spaces as above, then converts
as many spaces as it can to tab characters at the rate of one tab for
each multiple of the `Various preference` setting
*indent_hard_tab_width* (default 8) and displays tabs as the
*indent_hard_tab_width* value.

The default indent settings are set in `Editor Indentation
preferences`_ (see the link for more information).

The default settings can be overridden per-document using the
Document menu. They can also be overridden by projects - see
`Project management`_.

The indent mode for the current document is shown on the status bar
as follows:

TAB
    Indent with Tab characters.
SP
    Indent with spaces.
T/S
    Indent with tabs and spaces, depending on how much indentation is
    on a line.

Applying new indentation settings
`````````````````````````````````
After changing the default settings you may wish to apply the new
settings to every document in the current session. To do this use the
*Project->Apply Default Indentation* menu item.

Detecting indent type
`````````````````````
The *Detect from file* indentation preference can be used to
scan each file as it's opened and set the indent type based on
how many lines start with a tab vs. 2 or more spaces.


Auto-indentation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

When enabled, auto-indentation happens when pressing *Enter* in the
Editor. It adds a certain amount of indentation to the new line so the
user doesn't always have to indent each line manually.

Geany has four types of auto-indentation:

None
    Disables auto-indentation completely.
Basic
    Adds the same amount of whitespace on a new line as on the previous line.
    For the *Tabs* and the *Spaces* indent types the indentation will use the
    same combination of characters as the previous line.  The
    *Tabs and Spaces* indentation type converts as explained above.
Current chars
    Does the same as *Basic* but also indents a new line after an opening
    brace '{', and de-indents when typing a closing brace '}'. For Python,
    a new line will be indented after typing ':' at the end of the
    previous line.
Match braces
    Similar to *Current chars* but the closing brace will be aligned to
    match the indentation of the line with the opening brace.  This
    requires the filetype to be one where Geany knows that the Scintilla
    lexer understands matching braces (C, C++, D, HTML, Pascal, Bash,
    Perl, TCL).

There is also XML-tag auto-indentation. This is enabled when the
mode is more than just Basic, and is also controlled by a filetype
setting - see `xml_indent_tags`_.


Bookmarks
^^^^^^^^^

Geany provides a handy bookmarking feature that lets you mark one
or more lines in a document, and return the cursor to them using a
key combination.

To place a mark on a line, either left-mouse-click in the left margin
of the editor window, or else use Ctrl-m. This will
produce a small green plus symbol in the margin. You can have as many
marks in a document as you like. Click again (or use Ctrl-m again)
to remove the bookmark. To remove all the marks in a given document,
use "Remove Markers" in the Document menu.

To navigate down your document, jumping from one mark to the next,
use Ctrl-. (control period). To go in the opposite direction on
the page, use Ctrl-, (control comma). Using the bookmarking feature
together with the commands to switch from one editor tab to another
(Ctrl-PgUp/PgDn and Ctrl-Tab) provides a particularly fast way to
navigate around multiple files.


Code navigation history
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To ease navigation in source files and especially between
different files, Geany lets you jump between different navigation
points. Currently, this works for the following:

* `Go to symbol declaration`_
* `Go to symbol definition`_
* Symbol list items
* Build errors
* Message items

When using one of these actions, Geany remembers your current position
and jumps to the new one. If you decide to go back to your previous
position in the file, just use "Navigate back a location". To
get back to the new position again, just use "Navigate forward a
location". This makes it easier to navigate in e.g.  foreign code
and between different files.


Sending text through custom commands
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can define several custom commands in Geany and send the current
selection to one of these commands using the *Edit->Format->Send
Selection to* menu or keybindings. The output of the command will be
used to replace the current selection. This makes it possible to use
text formatting tools with Geany in a general way.

The selected text will be sent to the standard input of the executed
command, so the command should be able to read from it and it should
print all results to its standard output which will be read by
Geany. To help finding errors in executing the command, the output
of the program's standard error will be printed on Geany's standard
output.

If there is no selection, the whole current line is used instead.

To add a custom command, use the *Send Selection to->Set Custom
Commands* menu item. Click on *Add* to get a new item and type the
command. You can also specify some command line options. Empty
commands are not saved.

Normal shell quoting is supported, so you can do things like:

* ``sed 's/\./(dot)/g'``

The above example would normally be done with the `Replace all`_
function, but it can be handy to have common commands already set up.

Note that the command is not run in a shell, so if you want to use
shell features like pipes and command chains, you need to explicitly
launch the shell and pass it your command:

* ``sh -c 'sort | uniq'``


Context actions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can execute the context action command on the current word at the
cursor position or the available selection.  This word or selection
can be used as an argument to the command.
The context action is invoked by a menu entry in the popup menu of the
editor and also a keyboard shortcut (see the section called
`Keybindings`_).

The command can be specified in the preferences dialog and also for
each filetype (see "context_action_cmd" in the section called
`Filetype configuration`_). When the context action is invoked, the filetype
specific command is used if available, otherwise the command
specified in the preferences dialog is executed.

The current word or selection can be referred with the wildcard "%s"
in the command, it will be replaced by the current word or
selection before the command is executed.

For example a context action can be used to open API documentation
in a browser window, the command to open the PHP API documentation
would be::

    firefox "http://www.php.net/%s"

when executing the command, the %s is substituted by the word near
the cursor position or by the current selection. If the cursor is at
the word "echo", a browser window will open(assumed your browser is
called firefox) and it will open the address: http://www.php.net/echo.


Autocompletion
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Geany can offer a list of possible completions for symbols defined in the
tags files and for all words in open documents.

The autocompletion list for symbols is presented when the first few
characters of the symbol are typed (configurable, see `Editor Completions
preferences`_, default 4) or when the *Complete word*
keybinding is pressed (configurable, see `Editor keybindings`_,
default Ctrl-Space).

When the defined keybinding is typed and the *Autocomplete all words in
document* preference (in `Editor Completions preferences`_)
is selected then the autocompletion list will show all matching words
in the document, if there are no matching symbols.

If you don't want to use autocompletion it can be dismissed until
the next symbol by pressing Escape. The autocompletion list is updated
as more characters are typed so that it only shows completions that start
with the characters typed so far. If no symbols begin with the sequence,
the autocompletion window is closed.

The up and down arrows will move the selected item. The highlighted
item on the autocompletion list can be chosen from the list by pressing
Enter/Return. You can also double-click to select an item. The sequence
will be completed to match the chosen item, and if the *Drop rest of
word on completion* preference is set (in `Editor Completions
preferences`_) then any characters after the cursor that match
a symbol or word are deleted.

Word part completion
````````````````````
By default, pressing Tab will complete the selected item by word part;
useful e.g. for adding the prefix ``gtk_combo_box_entry_`` without typing it
manually:

* gtk_com<TAB>
* gtk_combo_<TAB>
* gtk_combo_box_<e><TAB>
* gtk_combo_box_entry_<s><ENTER>
* gtk_combo_box_entry_set_text_column

The key combination can be changed from Tab - See `Editor keybindings`_.
If you clear/change the key combination for word part completion, Tab
will complete the whole word instead, like Enter.

Scope autocompletion
````````````````````
E.g.::

    struct
    {
        int i;
        char c;
    } foo;

When you type ``foo.`` it will show an autocompletion list with 'i' and
'c' symbols.

It only works for languages that set parent scope names for e.g. struct
members. Currently this means C-like languages. The C parser only
parses global scopes, so this won't work for structs or objects declared
in local scope.


User-definable snippets
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Snippets are small strings or code constructs which can be replaced or
completed to a more complex string. So you can save a lot of time when
typing common strings and letting Geany do the work for you.
To know what to complete or replace Geany reads a configuration file
called ``snippets.conf`` at startup.

Maybe you need to often type your name, so define a snippet like this::

    [Default]
    myname=Enrico Tröger

Every time you write ``myname`` <TAB> in Geany, it will replace "myname"
with "Enrico Tröger". The key to start autocompletion can be changed
in the preferences dialog, by default it is TAB. The corresponding keybinding
is called `Complete snippet`.

**Paths**

You can override the default snippets using the user
``snippets.conf`` file. Use the *Tools->Configuration
Files->snippets.conf* menu item. See also `Configuration file paths`_.

This adds the default settings to the user file if the file doesn't
exist. Alternatively the file can be created manually, adding only
the settings you want to change. All missing settings will be read
from the system snippets file.

**Snippet groups**

The file ``snippets.conf`` contains sections defining snippets that
are available for particular filetypes and in general.

The two sections "Default" and "Special" apply to all filetypes.
"Default" contains all snippets which are available for every
filetype and "Special" contains snippets which can only be used in
other snippets. So you can define often used parts of snippets and
just use the special snippet as a placeholder (see the
``snippets.conf`` for details).

You can define sections with the name of a filetype eg "C++".  The
snippets in that section are only available for use in files with that
filetype.  Snippets in filetype sections will hide snippets with the
same name in the "Default" section when used in a file of that
filetype.

**Substitution sequences for snippets**

To define snippets you can use several special character sequences which
will be replaced when using the snippet:

================  =========================================================
\\n or %newline%  Insert a new line (it will be replaced by the used EOL
                  char(s): LF, CR/LF, or CR).

\\t or %ws%       Insert an indentation step, it will be replaced according
                  to the current document's indent mode.

\\s               \\s to force whitespace at beginning or end of a value
                  ('key= value' won't work, use 'key=\\svalue')

%cursor%          Place the cursor at this position after completion has
                  been done. You can define multiple %cursor% wildcards
                  and use the keybinding `Move cursor in snippet` to jump
                  to the next defined cursor position in the completed
                  snippet.

%...%             "..." means the name of a key in the "Special" section.
                  If you have defined a key "brace_open" in the "Special"
                  section you can use %brace_open% in any other snippet.
================  =========================================================

Snippet names must not contain spaces otherwise they won't
work correctly. But beside that you can define almost any
string as a snippet and use it later in Geany. It is not limited
to existing contructs of certain programming languages(like ``if``,
``for``, ``switch``). Define whatever you need.

**Template wildcards**

Since Geany 0.15 you can also use most of the available templates wildcards
listed in `Template wildcards`_. All wildcards which are listed as
`available in snippets` can be used. For instance to improve the above example::

    [Default]
    myname=My name is {developer}
    mysystem=My system: {command:uname -a}

this will replace ``myname`` with "My name is " and the value of the template
preference ``developer``.

**Word characters**

You can change the way Geany recognizes the word to complete,
that is how the start and end of a word is recognised when the
snippet completion is requested. The section "Special" may
contain a key "wordchars" which lists all characters a string may contain
to be recognized as a word for completion. Leave it commented to use
default characters or define it to add or remove characters to fit your
needs.

Snippet keybindings
```````````````````

Normally you would type the snippet name and press Tab. However, you
can define keybindings for snippets under the *Keybindings* group in
``snippets.conf``::

    [Keybindings]
    for=<Ctrl>7
    block_cursor=<Ctrl>8

.. note::
    Snippet keybindings may be overridden by Geany's configurable
    keybindings.


Inserting Unicode characters
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can insert Unicode code points by hitting Ctrl-Shift-u, then still holding
Ctrl-Shift, type some hex digits representing the code point for the character
you want and hit Enter or Return (still holding Ctrl-Shift). If you release
Ctrl-Shift before hitting Enter or Return (or any other character), the code
insertion is completed, but the typed character is also entered.  In the case
of Enter/Return, it is a newline, as you might expect.


In some earlier versions of Geany, you might need to first unbind Ctrl-Shift-u
in the `keybinding preferences`_, then select *Tools->Reload Configuration*
or restart Geany. Note that it works slightly differently from other GTK
applications, in that you'll need to continue to hold down the Ctrl and Shift
keys while typing the code point hex digits (and the Enter or Return to finish the code point).


Search, replace and go to
-------------------------

This section describes search-related commands from the Search menu
and the editor window's popup menu:

* Find
* Find selection
* Find usage
* Find in files
* Replace
* Go to symbol definition
* Go to symbol declaration
* Go to line

See also `Search`_ preferences.

Toolbar entries
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
There are also two toolbar entries:

* Search bar
* Go to line entry

There are keybindings to focus each of these - see `Focus
keybindings`_. Pressing Escape will then focus the editor.

Search bar
``````````
The quickest way to find some text is to use the search bar entry in
the toolbar. This performs a case-insensitive search in the current
document whilst you type. Pressing Enter will search again, and pressing
Shift-Enter will search backwards.

Find
^^^^

The Find dialog is used for finding text in one or more open documents.

.. image:: ./images/find_dialog.png


Matching options
````````````````

The syntax for the *Use regular expressions* option is shown in
`Regular expressions`_.

.. note::
    *Use escape sequences* is implied for regular expressions.

The *Use multi-line matching* option enables multi-line regular
expressions instead of single-line ones.  See `Regular expressions`_ for
more details on the differences between the two modes.

The *Use escape sequences* option will transform any escaped characters
into their UTF-8 equivalent. For example, \\t will be transformed into
a tab character. Other recognized symbols are: \\\\, \\n, \\r, \\uXXXX
(Unicode characters).


Find all
````````

To find all matches, click on the Find All expander. This will reveal
several options:

* In Document
* In Session
* Mark

Find All In Document will show a list of matching lines in the
current document in the Messages tab of the Message Window. *Find All
In Session* does the same for all open documents.

Mark will highlight all matches in the current document with a
colored box. These markers can be removed by selecting the
Remove Markers command from the Document menu.


Change font in search dialog text fields
````````````````````````````````````````

All search related dialogs use a Monospace for the text input fields to
increase the readability of input text. This is useful when you are
typing input such as regular expressions with spaces, periods and commas which
might it hard to read with a proportional font.

If you want to change the font, you can do this easily
by inserting the following style into your ``.gtkrc-2.0``
(usually found in your home directory on UNIX-like systems and in the
etc subdirectory of your Geany installation on Windows)::

    style "search_style"
    {
        font_name="Monospace 8"
    }
    widget "GeanyDialogSearch.*.GtkEntry" style:highest "search_style"

Please note the addition of ":highest" in the last line which sets the priority
of this style to the highest available. Otherwise, the style is ignored
for the search dialogs.


Find selection
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The *Find Next/Previous Selection* commands perform a search for the
current selected text. If nothing is selected, by default the current
word is used instead. This can be customized by the
*find_selection_type* preference - see `Various preferences`_.

=====   =============================================
Value   *find_selection_type* behaviour
=====   =============================================
0       Use the current word (default).
1       Try the X selection first, then current word.
2       Repeat last search.
=====   =============================================


Find usage
^^^^^^^^^^

*Find Usage* searches all open files. It is similar to the *Find All In
Session* option in the Find dialog.

If there is a selection, then it is used as the search text; otherwise
the current word is used. The current word is either taken from the
word nearest the edit cursor, or the word underneath the popup menu
click position when the popup menu is used. The search results are
shown in the Messages tab of the Message Window.

.. note::
    You can also use Find Usage for symbol list items from the popup
    menu.


Find in files
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

*Find in Files* is a more powerful version of *Find Usage* that searches
all files in a certain directory using the Grep tool. The Grep tool
must be correctly set in Preferences to the path of the system's Grep
utility. GNU Grep is recommended (see note below).

.. image:: ./images/find_in_files_dialog.png

The *Search* field is initially set to the current word in the editor
(depending on `Search`_ preferences).

The *Files* setting allows to choose which files are included in the
search, depending on the mode:

All
    Search in all files;
Project
    Use the current project's patterns, see `Project properties`_;
Custom
    Use custom patterns.

Both project and custom patterns use a glob-style syntax, each
pattern separated by a space. To search all ``.c`` and ``.h`` files,
use: ``*.c *.h``.
Note that an empty pattern list searches in all files rather
than none.

The *Directory* field is initially set to the current document's directory,
unless this field has already been edited and the current document has
not changed. Otherwise, the current document's directory is prepended to
the drop-down history. This can be disabled - see `Search`_ preferences.

The *Encoding* field can be used to define the encoding of the files
to be searched. The entered search text is converted to the chosen encoding
and the search results are converted back to UTF-8.

The *Extra options* field is used to pass any additional arguments to
the grep tool.

.. note::
    The *Files* setting uses ``--include=`` when searching recursively,
    *Recurse in subfolders* uses ``-r``; both are GNU Grep options and may
    not work with other Grep implementations.


Filtering out version control files
```````````````````````````````````

When using the *Recurse in subfolders* option with a directory that's
under version control, you can set the *Extra options* field to filter
out version control files.

If you have GNU Grep >= 2.5.2 you can use the ``--exclude-dir``
argument to filter out CVS and hidden directories like ``.svn``.

Example: ``--exclude-dir=.svn --exclude-dir=CVS``

If you have an older Grep, you can try using the ``--exclude`` flag
to filter out filenames.

SVN Example: ``--exclude=*.svn-base``

The --exclude argument only matches the file name part, not the path.


Replace
^^^^^^^

The Replace dialog is used for replacing text in one or more open
documents.

.. image:: ./images/replace_dialog.png

The Replace dialog has the same options for matching text as the Find
dialog. See the section `Matching options`_.

The *Use regular expressions* option allows regular expressions to
be used in the search string and back references in the replacement
text -- see the entry for '\\n' in `Regular expressions`_.

Replace all
```````````

To replace several matches, click on the *Replace All* expander. This
will reveal several options:

* In Document
* In Session
* In Selection

*Replace All In Document* will replace all matching text in the
current document. *Replace All In Session* does the same for all open
documents. *Replace All In Selection* will replace all matching text
in the current selection of the current document.


Go to symbol definition
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

If the current word or selection is the name of a symbol definition
(e.g. a function name) and the file containing the symbol definition is
open, this command will switch to that file and go to the
corresponding line number. The current word is either the word
nearest the edit cursor, or the word underneath the popup menu click
position when the popup menu is used.

If there are more symbols with the same name to which the goto can be performed,
a pop up is shown with a list of all the occurrences. After selecting a symbol
from the list Geany jumps to the corresponding symbol location. Geany tries to
suggest the nearest symbol (symbol from the current file, other open documents
or current directory) as the best candidate for the goto and places this symbol
at the beginning of the list typed in boldface.

.. note::
    If the corresponding symbol is on the current line, Geany will first
    look for a symbol declaration instead, as this is more useful.
    Likewise *Go to symbol declaration* will search for a symbol definition
    first in this case also.


Go to symbol declaration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Like *Go to symbol definition*, but for a forward declaration such as a
C function prototype or ``extern`` declaration instead of a function
body.


Go to line
^^^^^^^^^^

Go to a particular line number in the current file.


Regular expressions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can use regular expressions in the Find and Replace dialogs
by selecting the *Use regular expressions* check box (see `Matching
options`_). The syntax is Perl compatible. Basic syntax is described
in the table below. For full details, see
http://www.geany.org/manual/gtk/glib/glib-regex-syntax.html.

By default regular expressions are matched on a line-by-line basis.
If you are interested in multi-line regular expressions, matched against
the whole buffer at once, see the section `Multi-line regular expressions`_
below.

.. note::
    1. The *Use escape sequences* dialog option always applies for regular
       expressions.
    2. Searching backwards with regular expressions is not supported.
    3. The *Use multi-line matching* dialog option to select single or
       multi-line matching.

**In a regular expression, the following characters are interpreted:**

======= ============================================================
.       Matches any character.

(       This marks the start of a region for tagging a match.

)       This marks the end of a tagged region.

\\n     Where n is 1 through 9 refers to the first through ninth tagged
        region when searching or replacing.

        Searching for (Wiki)\\1 matches WikiWiki.

        If the search string was Fred([1-9])XXX and the
        replace string was Sam\\1YYY, when applied to Fred2XXX this
        would generate Sam2YYY.

\\0     When replacing, the whole matching text.

\\b     This matches a word boundary.

\\c     A backslash followed by d, D, s, S, w or W, becomes a
        character class (both inside and outside sets []).

        * d: decimal digits
        * D: any char except decimal digits
        * s: whitespace (space, \\t \\n \\r \\f \\v)
        * S: any char except whitespace (see above)
        * w: alphanumeric & underscore
        * W: any char except alphanumeric & underscore

\\x     This allows you to use a character x that would otherwise have
        a special meaning. For example, \\[ would be interpreted as [
        and not as the start of a character set. Use \\\\ for a literal
        backslash.

[...]   Matches one of the characters in the set. If the first
        character in the set is ^, it matches the characters NOT in
        the set, i.e. complements the set. A shorthand S-E (start
        dash end) is used to specify a set of characters S up to E,
        inclusive.

        The special characters ] and - have no special
        meaning if they appear first in the set. - can also be last
        in the set. To include both, put ] first: []A-Z-].

        Examples::

        []|-]    matches these 3 chars
        []-|]    matches from ] to | chars
        [a-z]    any lowercase alpha
        [^]-]    any char except - and ]
        [^A-Z]   any char except uppercase alpha
        [a-zA-Z] any alpha

^       This matches the start of a line (unless used inside a set, see
        above).

$       This matches the end of a line.

\*      This matches 0 or more times. For example, Sa*m matches Sm, Sam,
        Saam, Saaam and so on.

\+      This matches 1 or more times. For example, Sa+m matches Sam,
        Saam, Saaam and so on.

\?      This matches 0 or 1 time(s). For example, Joh?n matches John, Jon.
======= ============================================================

.. note::
    This table is adapted from Scintilla and SciTE documentation,
    distributed under the `License for Scintilla and SciTE`_.


Multi-line regular expressions
``````````````````````````````

.. note::
    The *Use multi-line matching* dialog option enables multi-line
    regular expressions.

Multi-line regular expressions work just like single-line ones but a
match can span several lines.

While the syntax is the same, a few practical differences applies:

======= ============================================================
.       Matches any character but newlines.  This behavior can be changed
        to also match newlines using the (?s) option, see
        http://www.geany.org/manual/gtk/glib/glib-regex-syntax.html#idp5671632

[^...]  A negative range (see above) *will* match newlines if they are
        not explicitly listed in that negative range.  For example, range
        [^a-z] will match newlines, while range [^a-z\\r\\n] won't.
        While this is the expected behavior, it can lead to tricky
        problems if one doesn't think about it when writing an expression.
======= ============================================================


View menu
---------
The View menu allows various elements of the main window to be shown
or hidden, and also provides various display-related editor options.

Color schemes dialog
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The Color Schemes dialog is available under the *View->Change Color Scheme*
menu item. It lists various color schemes for editor highlighting
styles, including the default scheme first. Other items are available
based on what color scheme files Geany found at startup.

Color scheme files are read from the `Configuration file paths`_ under
the ``colorschemes`` subdirectory. They should have the extension
``.conf``. The default color scheme
is read from ``filetypes.common``.

The `[named_styles] section`_  and `[named_colors] section`_ are the
same as for ``filetypes.common``.

The ``[theme_info]`` section can contain information about the
theme. The ``name`` and ``description`` keys are read to set the
menu item text and tooltip, respectively. These keys can have
translations, e.g.::

    key=Hello
    key[de]=Hallo
    key[fr_FR]=Bonjour

Symbols and tags files
----------------------

Upon opening, files of supported filetypes are parsed to extract the symbol
information (aka "workspace symbols"). You can also have Geany automatically
load external files containing the symbol information (aka "global
tags files") upon startup, or manually using *Tools --> Load Tags File*.

Geany uses its own tags file format, similar to what ``ctags`` uses
(but is incompatible with ctags). You use Geany to generate global
tags files, as described below.


Workspace symbols
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Each document is parsed for symbols whenever a file is loaded, saved or
modified (see *Symbol list update frequency* preference in the `Editor
Completions preferences`_). These are shown in the Symbol list in the
Sidebar. These symbols are also used for autocompletion and calltips
for all documents open in the current session that have the same filetype.

The *Go to Symbol* commands can be used with all workspace symbols. See
`Go to symbol definition`_.


Global tags files
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Global tags files are used to provide symbols for autocompletion and calltips
without having to open the source files containing these symbols. This is intended
for library APIs, as the tags file only has to be updated when you upgrade
the library.

You can load a custom global tags file in two ways:

* Using the *Load Tags File* command in the Tools menu.
* By moving or symlinking tags files to the ``tags`` subdirectory of
  one of the `configuration file paths`_ before starting Geany.

You can either download these files or generate your own. They have
the format::

    name.lang_ext.tags

*lang_ext* is one of the extensions set for the filetype associated
with the tags parser. See the section called `Filetype extensions`_ for
more information.


Default global tags files
`````````````````````````

Some global tags files are distributed with Geany and will be loaded
automatically when the corresponding filetype is first used. Currently
this includes global tags files for these languages:

* C
* Pascal
* PHP
* HTML -- &symbol; completion, e.g. for ampersand, copyright, etc.
* LaTeX
* Python


Global tags file format
```````````````````````

Global tags files can have three different formats:

* Tagmanager format
* Pipe-separated format
* CTags format

The first line of global tags files should be a comment, introduced
by ``#`` followed by a space and a string like ``format=pipe``,
``format=ctags`` or ``format=tagmanager`` respectively, these are
case-sensitive.  This helps Geany to read the file properly. If this
line is missing, Geany tries to auto-detect the used format but this
might fail.


The Tagmanager format is a bit more complex and is used for files
created by the ``geany -g`` command. There is one symbol per line.
Different symbol attributes like the return value or the argument list
are separated with different characters indicating the type of the
following argument.  This is the more complete and recommended tags file
format.

Pipe-separated format
*********************
The Pipe-separated format is easier to read and write.
There is one symbol per line and different symbol attributes are separated
by the pipe character (``|``). A line looks like::

    basename|string|(string path [, string suffix])|

| The first field is the symbol name (usually a function name).
| The second field is the type of the return value.
| The third field is the argument list for this symbol.
| The fourth field is the description for this symbol but
  currently unused and should be left empty.

Except for the first field (symbol name), all other field can be left
empty but the pipe separator must appear for them.

You can easily write your own global tags files using this format.
Just save them in your tags directory, as described earlier in the
section `Global tags files`_.

CTags format
************
This is the format that ctags generates, and that is used by Vim.
This format is compatible with the format historically used by Vi.

The format is described at http://ctags.sourceforge.net/FORMAT, but
for the full list of existing extensions please refer to ctags.
However, note that Geany may actually only honor a subset of the
existing extensions.

Generating a global tags file
`````````````````````````````

You can generate your own global tags files by parsing a list of
source files. The command is::

    geany -g [-P] <Tags File> <File list>

* Tags File filename should be in the format described earlier --
  see the section called `Global tags files`_.
* File list is a list of filenames, each with a full path (unless
  you are generating C/C++ tags files and have set the CFLAGS environment
  variable appropriately).
* ``-P`` or ``--no-preprocessing`` disables using the C pre-processor
  to process ``#include`` directives for C/C++ source files. Use this
  option if you want to specify each source file on the command-line
  instead of using a 'master' header file. Also can be useful if you
  don't want to specify the CFLAGS environment variable.

Example for the wxD library for the D programming language::

    geany -g wxd.d.tags /home/username/wxd/wx/*.d


Generating C/C++ tags files
***************************
You may need to first setup the `C ignore.tags`_ file.

For C/C++ tags files gcc is required by default, so that header files
can be preprocessed to include any other headers they depend upon. If
you do not want this, use the ``-P`` option described above.

For preprocessing, the environment variable CFLAGS should be set with
appropriate ``-I/path`` include paths. The following example works with
the bash shell, generating a tags file for the GnomeUI library::

    CFLAGS=`pkg-config --cflags libgnomeui-2.0` geany -g gnomeui.c.tags \
    /usr/include/libgnomeui-2.0/gnome.h

You can adapt this command to use CFLAGS and header files appropriate
for whichever libraries you want.


Generating tags files on Windows
********************************
This works basically the same as on other platforms::

    "c:\program files\geany\bin\geany" -g c:\mytags.php.tags c:\code\somefile.php


C ignore.tags
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can ignore certain symbols for C-based languages if they would lead
to wrong parsing of the code. Use the *Tools->Configuration
Files->ignore.tags* menu item to open the user ``ignore.tags`` file.
See also `Configuration file paths`_.

List all symbol names you want to ignore in this file, separated by spaces
and/or newlines.

Example::

    G_GNUC_NULL_TERMINATED
    G_GNUC_PRINTF
    G_GNUC_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT

This will parse code like:

``gchar **utils_strv_new(const gchar *first, ...)
G_GNUC_NULL_TERMINATED;``

More detailed information about ignore.tags usage from the Exuberant Ctags
manual page:

    Specifies a list of identifiers which are to be specially handled
    while  parsing C and C++ source files. This option is specifically
    provided to handle special cases arising through the use of
    pre-processor macros. When the identifiers listed are simple identifiers,
    these identifiers will be ignored during parsing of the source files.
    If an identifier is suffixed with a '+' character, ctags will also
    ignore any parenthesis-enclosed argument list which may immediately
    follow the identifier in the source files.
    If two identifiers are separated with the '=' character, the first
    identifiers is replaced by the second identifiers for parsing purposes.

For even more detailed information please read the manual page of
Exuberant Ctags.

Geany extends Ctags with a '*' character suffix - this means use
prefix matching, e.g. G_GNUC_* will match G_GNUC_NULL_TERMINATED, etc.
Note that prefix match items should be put after other items to ensure
that items like G_GNUC_PRINTF+ get parsed correctly.


Preferences
-----------

You may adjust Geany's settings using the Edit --> Preferences
dialog. Any changes you make there can be applied by hitting either
the Apply or the OK button. These settings will persist between Geany
sessions. Note that most settings here have descriptive popup bubble
help -- just hover the mouse over the item in question to get help
on it.

You may also adjust some View settings (under the View menu) that
persist between Geany sessions. The settings under the Document menu,
however, are only for the current document and revert to defaults
when restarting Geany.

.. note::
    In the paragraphs that follow, the text describing a dialog tab
    comes after the screenshot of that tab.


General Startup preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_gen_startup.png

Startup
```````

Load files from the last session
    On startup, load the same files you had open the last time you
    used Geany.

Load virtual terminal support
    Load the library for running a terminal in the message window area.

Enable plugin support
    Allow plugins to be used in Geany.

Shutdown
````````
Save window position and geometry
    Save the current position and size of the main window so next time
    you open Geany it's in the same location.

Confirm Exit
    Have a dialog pop up to confirm that you really want to quit Geany.

Paths
`````

Startup path
    Path to start in when opening or saving files.
    It must be an absolute path.

Project files
    Path to start in when opening project files.

Extra plugin path
    By default Geany looks in the system installation and the user
    configuration - see `Plugins`_. In addition the path entered here will be
    searched.
    Usually you do not need to set an additional path to search for
    plugins. It might be useful when Geany is installed on a multi-user machine
    and additional plugins are available in a common location for all users.
    Leave blank to not set an additional lookup path.


General Miscellaneous preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_gen_misc.png

Miscellaneous
`````````````

Beep on errors when compilation has finished
    Have the computer make a beeping sound when compilation of your program
    has completed or any errors occurred.

Switch status message list at new message
    Switch to the status message tab (in the notebook window at the bottom)
    once a new status message arrives.

Suppress status messages in the status bar
    Remove all messages from the status bar. The messages are still displayed
    in the status messages window.

    .. tip::
        Another option is to use the *Switch to Editor* keybinding - it
        reshows the document statistics on the status bar. See `Focus
        keybindings`_.

Use Windows File Open/Save dialogs
    Defines whether to use the native Windows File Open/Save dialogs or
    whether to use the GTK default dialogs.

Auto-focus widgets (focus follows mouse)
    Give the focus automatically to widgets below the mouse cursor.
    This works for the main editor widget, the scribble, the toolbar search field
    goto line fields and the VTE.

Search
``````

Always wrap search
    Always wrap search around the document when finding a match.

Hide the Find dialog
    Hide the `Find`_ dialog after clicking Find Next/Previous.

Use the current word under the cursor for Find dialogs
    Use current word under the cursor when opening the Find, Find in Files or Replace dialog and
    there is no selection. When this option is disabled, the search term last used in the
    appropriate Find dialog is used.

Use the current file's directory for Find in Files
    When opening the Find in Files dialog, set the directory to search to the directory of the current
    active file. When this option is disabled, the directory of the last use of the Find in Files
    dialog is used. See `Find in Files`_ for details.

Projects
````````

Use project-based session files
    Save your current session when closing projects. You will be able to
    resume different project sessions, automatically opening the files
    you had open previously.

Store project file inside the project base directory
    When creating new projects, the default path for the project file contains
    the project base path. Without this option enabled, the default project file
    path is one level above the project base path.
    In either case, you can easily set the final project file path in the
    *New Project* dialog. This option provides the more common
    defaults automatically for convenience.


Interface preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_interface_interface.png

Sidebar
```````

Show sidebar
    Whether to show the sidebar at all.

Show symbol list
    Show the list of functions, variables, and other information in the
    current document you are editing.

Show documents list
    Show all the documents you have open currently. This can be used to
    change between documents (see `Switching between documents`_) and
    to perform some common operations such as saving, closing and reloading.

Position
    Whether to place the sidebar on the left or right of the editor window.

Message window
``````````````

Position
    Whether to place the message window on the bottom or right of the editor window.

Fonts
`````

Editor
    Change the font used to display documents.

Symbol list
    Change the font used for the Symbols sidebar tab.

Message window
    Change the font used for the message window area.

Miscellaneous
`````````````

Show status bar
    Show the status bar at the bottom of the main window. It gives information about
    the file you are editing like the line and column you are on, whether any
    modifications were done, the file encoding, the filetype and other information.

Interface Notebook tab preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_interface_notebook.png

Editor tabs
```````````

Show editor tabs
    Show a notebook tab for all documents so you can switch between them
    using the mouse (instead of using the Documents window).

Show close buttons
    Make each tab show a close button so you can easily close open
    documents.

Placement of new file tabs
    Whether to create a document with its notebook tab to the left or
    right of all existing tabs.

Next to current
    Whether to place file tabs next to the current tab
    rather than at the edges of the notebook.

Double-clicking hides all additional widgets
    Whether to call the View->Toggle All Additional Widgets command
    when double-clicking on a notebook tab.

Tab positions
`````````````

Editor
    Set the positioning of the editor's notebook tabs to the right,
    left, top, or bottom of the editing window.

Sidebar
    Set the positioning of the sidebar's notebook tabs to the right,
    left, top, or bottom of the sidebar window.

Message window
    Set the positioning of the message window's notebook tabs to the
    right, left, top, or bottom of the message window.


Interface Toolbar preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Affects the main toolbar underneath the menu bar.

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_interface_toolbar.png

Toolbar
```````

Show Toolbar
    Whether to show the toolbar.

Append Toolbar to the Menu
    Allows to append the toolbar to the main menu bar instead of placing it below.
    This is useful to save vertical space.

Customize Toolbar
    See `Customizing the toolbar`_.

Appearance
``````````

Icon Style
    Select the toolbar icon style to use - either icons and text, just
    icons or just text.
    The choice System default uses whatever icon style is set by GTK.

Icon size
    Select the size of the icons you see (large, small or very small).
    The choice System default uses whatever icon size is set by GTK.


Editor Features preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_edit_features.png

Features
````````

Line wrapping
    Show long lines wrapped around to new display lines.

.. _smart_home_key:

"Smart" home key
    Whether to move the cursor to the first non-whitespace character
    on the line when you hit the home key on your keyboard. Pressing it
    again will go to the very start of the line.

Disable Drag and Drop
    Do not allow the dragging and dropping of selected text in documents.

Code folding
    Allow groups of lines in a document to be collapsed for easier
    navigation/editing.

Fold/Unfold all children of a fold point
    Whether to fold/unfold all child fold points when a parent line
    is folded.

Use indicators to show compile errors
    Underline lines with compile errors using red squiggles to indicate
    them in the editor area.

Newline strips trailing spaces
    Remove any whitespace at the end of the line when you hit the
    Enter/Return key. See also `Strip trailing spaces`_.  Note
    auto indentation is calculated before stripping, so although this
    setting will clear a blank line, it will not set the next line
    indentation back to zero.

Line breaking column
    The editor column number to insert a newline at when Line Breaking
    is enabled for the current document.

Comment toggle marker
    A string which is added when toggling a line comment in a source file.
    It is used to mark the comment as toggled.


Editor Indentation preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_edit_indentation.png

Indentation group
`````````````````

See `Indentation`_ for more information.

Width
    The width of a single indent size in spaces. By default the indent
    size is equivalent to 4 spaces.

Detect width from file
    Try to detect and set the indent width based on file content, when
    a file is opened.

Type
    When Geany inserts indentation, whether to use:

    * Just Tabs
    * Just Spaces
    * Tabs and Spaces, depending on how much indentation is on a line

    The *Tabs and Spaces* indent type is also known as *Soft tab
    support* in some other editors.

Detect type from file
    Try to detect and set the indent type based on file content, when
    a file is opened.

Auto-indent mode
    The type of auto-indentation you wish to use after pressing Enter,
    if any.

    Basic
        Just add the indentation of the previous line.
    Current chars
        Add indentation based on the current filetype and any characters at
        the end of the line such as ``{``, ``}`` for C, ``:`` for Python.
    Match braces
        Like *Current chars* but for C-like languages, make a closing
        ``}`` brace line up with the matching opening brace.

Tab key indents
    If set, pressing tab will indent the current line or selection, and
    unindent when pressing Shift-tab. Otherwise, the tab key will
    insert a tab character into the document (which can be different
    from indentation, depending on the indent type).

    .. note::
        There are also separate configurable keybindings for indent &
        unindent, but this preference allows the tab key to have different
        meanings in different contexts - e.g. for snippet completion.

Editor Completions preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_edit_completions.png

Completions
```````````

Snippet Completion
    Whether to replace special keywords after typing Tab into a
    pre-defined text snippet.
    See `User-definable snippets`_.

XML/HTML tag auto-closing
    When you open an XML/HTML tag automatically generate its
    completion tag.

Automatic continuation multi-line comments
    Continue automatically multi-line comments in languages like C, C++
    and Java when a new line is entered inside such a comment.
    With this option enabled, Geany will insert a ``*`` on every new line
    inside a multi-line comment, for example when you press return in the
    following C code::

     /*
      * This is a C multi-line comment, press <Return>

    then Geany would insert::

      *

    on the next line with the correct indentation based on the previous line,
    as long as the multi-line is not closed by ``*/``.

Autocomplete symbols
    When you start to type a symbol name, look for the full string to
    allow it to be completed for you.

Autocomplete all words in document
    When you start to type a word, Geany will search the whole document for
    words starting with the typed part to complete it, assuming there
    are no symbol names to show.

Drop rest of word on completion
    Remove any word part to the right of the cursor when choosing a
    completion list item.

Characters to type for autocompletion
    Number of characters of a word to type before autocompletion is
    displayed.

Completion list height
    The number of rows to display for the autocompletion window.

Max. symbol name suggestions
    The maximum number of items in the autocompletion list.

Symbol list update frequency
    The minimum delay (in milliseconds) between two symbol list updates.

    This option determines how frequently the symbol list is updated for the
    current document. The smaller the delay, the more up-to-date the symbol
    list (and then the completions); but rebuilding the symbol list has a
    cost in performance, especially with large files.

    The default value is 250ms, which means the symbol list will be updated
    at most four times per second, even if the document changes continuously.

    A value of 0 disables automatic updates, so the symbol list will only be
    updated upon document saving.


Auto-close quotes and brackets
``````````````````````````````

Geany can automatically insert a closing bracket and quote characters when
you open them. For instance, you type a ``(`` and Geany will automatically
insert ``)``. With the following options, you can define for which
characters this should work.

Parenthesis ( )
    Auto-close parenthesis when typing an opening one

Curly brackets { }
    Auto-close curly brackets (braces) when typing an opening one

Square brackets [ ]
    Auto-close square brackets when typing an opening one

Single quotes ' '
    Auto-close single quotes when typing an opening one

Double quotes " "
    Auto-close double quotes when typing an opening one


Editor Display preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

This is for visual elements displayed in the editor window.

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_edit_display.png

Display
```````

Invert syntax highlighting colors
    Invert all colors, by default this makes white text on a black
    background.

Show indendation guides
    Show vertical lines to help show how much leading indentation there
    is on each line.

Show whitespaces
    Mark all tabs with an arrow "-->" symbol and spaces with dots to
    show which kinds of whitespace are used.

Show line endings
    Display a symbol everywhere that a carriage return or line feed
    is present.

Show line numbers
    Show or hide the Line Number margin.

Show markers margin
    Show or hide the small margin right of the line numbers, which is used
    to mark lines.

Stop scrolling at last line
    When enabled Geany stops scrolling when at the last line of the document.
    Otherwise you can scroll one more page even if there are no real lines.


Long line marker
````````````````

The long line marker helps to indicate overly-long lines, or as a hint
to the user for when to break the line.

Type
    Line
        Show a thin vertical line in the editor window at the given column
        position.
    Background
        Change the background color of characters after the given column
        position to the color set below. (This is recommended over the
        *Line* setting if you use proportional fonts).
    Disabled
        Don't mark long lines at all.

Long line marker
    Set this value to a value greater than zero to specify the column
    where it should appear.

Long line marker color
    Set the color of the long line marker.


Virtual spaces
``````````````

Virtual space is space beyond the end of each line.
The cursor may be moved into virtual space but no real space will be
added to the document until there is some text typed or some other
text insertion command is used.

Disabled
    Do not show virtual spaces

Only for rectangular selections
    Only show virtual spaces beyond the end of lines when drawing a rectangular selection

Always
    Always show virtual spaces beyond the end of lines


Files preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_files.png

New files
`````````

Open new documents from the command-line
    Whether to create new documents when passing filenames that don't
    exist from the command-line.

Default encoding (new files)
    The type of file encoding you wish to use when creating files.

Used fixed encoding when opening files
    Assume all files you are opening are using the type of encoding specified below.

Default encoding (existing files)
    Opens all files with the specified encoding instead of auto-detecting it.
    Use this option when it's not possible for Geany to detect the exact encoding.

Default end of line characters
    The end of line characters to which should be used for new files.
    On Windows systems, you generally want to use CR/LF which are the common
    characters to mark line breaks.
    On Unix-like systems, LF is default and CR is used on MAC systems.

Saving files
````````````
Perform formatting operations when a document is saved. These
can each be undone with the Undo command.

Ensure newline at file end
    Add a newline at the end of the document if one is missing.

Ensure consistent line endings
    Ensures that newline characters always get converted before
    saving, avoiding mixed line endings in the same file.

.. _Strip trailing spaces:

Strip trailing spaces
    Remove any whitespace at the end of each document line.

    .. note::
        This does not apply to Diff documents, e.g. patch files.

Replace tabs with spaces
    Replace all tabs in the document with the equivalent number of spaces.

    .. note::
        It is better to use spaces to indent than use this preference - see
        `Indentation`_.

Miscellaneous
`````````````

Recent files list length
    The number of files to remember in the recently used files list.

Disk check timeout
    The number of seconds to periodically check the current document's
    file on disk in case it has changed. Setting it to 0 will disable
    this feature.

    .. note::
        These checks are only performed on local files. Remote files are
        not checked for changes due to performance issues
        (remote files are files in ``~/.gvfs/``).


Tools preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_tools.png

Tool paths
``````````

Terminal
    The command to execute a script in a terminal.  Occurrences of %c
    in the command are substituted with the run script name, see
    `Terminal emulators`_.

Browser
    The location of your web browser executable.

Grep
    The location of the grep executable.

.. note::
    For Windows users: at the time of writing it is recommended to use
    the grep.exe from the UnxUtils project
    (http://sourceforge.net/projects/unxutils). The grep.exe from the
    Mingw project for instance might not work with Geany at the moment.

Commands
````````

Context action
    Set this to a command to execute on the current word.
    You can use the "%s" wildcard to pass the current word below the cursor
    to the specified command.


Template preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

This data is used as meta data for various template text to insert into
a document, such as the file header. You only need to set fields that
you want to use in your template files.

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_templ.png

Template data
`````````````

Developer
    The name of the developer who will be creating files.

Initials
    The initials of the developer.

Mail address
    The email address of the developer.

    .. note::
        You may wish to add anti-spam markup, e.g. ``name<at>site<dot>ext``.

Company
    The company the developer is working for.

Initial version
    The initial version of files you will be creating.

Year
    Specify a format for the {year} wildcard. You can use any conversion specifiers
    which can be used with the ANSI C strftime function.  For details please see
    http://man.cx/strftime.

Date
    Specify a format for the {date} wildcard. You can use any conversion specifiers
    which can be used with the ANSI C strftime function.  For details please see
    http://man.cx/strftime.

Date & Time
    Specify a format for the {datetime} wildcard. You can use any conversion specifiers
    which can be used with the ANSI C strftime function.  For details please see
    http://man.cx/strftime.


Keybinding preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_keys.png

There are some commands listed in the keybinding dialog that are not, by default,
bound to a key combination, and may not be available as a menu item.

.. note::
    For more information see the section `Keybindings`_.


Printing preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_printing.png

Use external command for printing
    Use a system command to print your file out.

Use native GTK printing
    Let the GTK GUI toolkit handle your print request.

Print line numbers
    Print the line numbers on the left of your paper.

Print page number
    Print the page number on the bottom right of your paper.

Print page header
    Print a header on every page that is sent to the printer.

Use base name of the printed file
    Don't use the entire path for the header, only the filename.

Date format
    How the date should be printed. You can use the same format
    specifiers as in the ANSI C function strftime(). For details please
    see http://man.cx/strftime.


Various preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_various.png

Rarely used preferences, explained in the table below. A few of them require
restart to take effect, and a few other will only affect newly opened or created
documents before restart.

================================  ===========================================  ==========  ===========
Key                               Description                                  Default     Applies
================================  ===========================================  ==========  ===========
**Editor related**
use_gtk_word_boundaries           Whether to look for the end of a word        true        to new
                                  when using word-boundary related                         documents
                                  Scintilla commands (see `Scintilla
                                  keyboard commands`_).
brace_match_ltgt                  Whether to highlight <, > angle brackets.    false       immediately
complete_snippets_whilst_editing  Whether to allow completion of snippets      false       immediately
                                  when editing an existing line (i.e. there
                                  is some text after the current cursor
                                  position on the line). Only used when the
                                  keybinding `Complete snippet` is set to
                                  ``Space``.
show_editor_scrollbars            Whether to display scrollbars. If set to     true        immediately
                                  false, the horizontal and vertical
                                  scrollbars are hidden completely.
indent_hard_tab_width             The size of a tab character. Don't change    8           immediately
                                  it unless you really need to; use the
                                  indentation settings instead.
**Interface related**
show_symbol_list_expanders        Whether to show or hide the small            true        to new
                                  expander icons on the symbol list                        documents
                                  treeview.
allow_always_save                 Whether files can be saved always, even      false       immediately
                                  if they don't have any changes.
                                  By default, the Save button and menu
                                  item are disabled when a file is
                                  unchanged. When setting this option to
                                  true, the Save button and menu item are
                                  always active and files can be saved.
compiler_tab_autoscroll           Whether to automatically scroll to the       true        immediately
                                  last line of the output in the Compiler
                                  tab.
statusbar_template                The status bar statistics line format.       See below.  immediately
                                  (See `Statusbar Templates`_ for details).
new_document_after_close          Whether to open a new document after all     false       immediately
                                  documents have been closed.
msgwin_status_visible             Whether to show the Status tab in the        true        immediately
                                  Messages Window
msgwin_compiler_visible           Whether to show the Compiler tab in the      true        immediately
                                  Messages Window
msgwin_messages_visible           Whether to show the Messages tab in the      true        immediately
                                  Messages Window
msgwin_scribble_visible           Whether to show the Scribble tab in the      true        immediately
                                  Messages Window
**VTE related**
emulation                         Terminal emulation mode. Only change this    xterm       immediately
                                  if you have VTE termcap files other than
                                  ``vte/termcap/xterm``.
send_selection_unsafe             By default, Geany strips any trailing        false       immediately
                                  newline characters from the current
                                  selection before sending it to the terminal
                                  to not execute arbitrary code. This is
                                  mainly a security feature.
                                  If, for whatever reasons, you really want
                                  it to be executed directly, set this option
                                  to true.
send_cmd_prefix                   String with which prefix the commands sent   Empty       immediately
                                  to the shell.  This may be used to tell
                                  some shells (BASH with ``HISTCONTROL`` set
                                  to ``ignorespace``, ZSH with
                                  ``HIST_IGNORE_SPACE`` enabled, etc.) from
                                  putting these commands in their history by
                                  setting this to a space.  Note that leading
                                  spaces must be escaped using `\s` in the
                                  configuration file.
**File related**
use_atomic_file_saving            Defines the mode how Geany saves files to    false       immediately
                                  disk. If disabled, Geany directly writes
                                  the content of the document to disk. This
                                  might cause loss of data when there is
                                  no more free space on disk to save the
                                  file. When set to true, Geany first saves
                                  the contents into a temporary file and if
                                  this succeeded, the temporary file is
                                  moved to the real file to save.
                                  This gives better error checking in case of
                                  no more free disk space. But it also
                                  destroys hard links of the original file
                                  and its permissions (e.g. executable flags
                                  are reset). Use this with care as it can
                                  break things seriously.
                                  The better approach would be to ensure your
                                  disk won't run out of free space.
use_gio_unsafe_file_saving        Whether to use GIO as the unsafe file        true        immediately
                                  saving backend. It is better on most
                                  situations but is known not to work
                                  correctly on some complex setups.
gio_unsafe_save_backup            Make a backup when using GIO unsafe file     false       immediately
                                  saving. Backup is named `filename~`.
keep_edit_history_on_reload       Whether to maintain the edit history when    true        immediately
                                  reloading a file, and allow the operation
                                  to be reverted.
**Filetype related**
extract_filetype_regex            Regex to extract filetype name from file     See below.  immediately
                                  via capture group one.
**Search related**
find_selection_type               See `Find selection`_.                       0           immediately
**Replace related**
replace_and_find_by_default       Set ``Replace & Find`` button as default so  true        immediately
                                  it will be activated when the Enter key is
                                  pressed while one of the text fields has
                                  focus.
**Build Menu related**
number_ft_menu_items              The maximum number of menu items in the      2           on restart
                                  filetype section of the Build menu.
number_non_ft_menu_items          The maximum number of menu items in the      3           on restart
                                  independent section of the Build menu.
number_exec_menu_items            The maximum number of menu items in the      2           on restart
                                  execute section of the Build menu.
================================  ===========================================  ==========  ===========

The extract_filetype_regex has the default value GEANY_DEFAULT_FILETYPE_REGEX.

Statusbar Templates
```````````````````

The default statusbar template is (note ``\t`` = tab):

``line: %l / %L\t col: %c\t sel: %s\t %w      %t      %mmode: %M      encoding: %e      filetype: %f      scope: %S``

Settings the preference to an empty string will also cause Geany to use this
internal default.

The following format characters are available for the statusbar template:

============  ===========================================================
Placeholder   Description
============  ===========================================================
  ``%l``      The current line number starting at 1
  ``%L``      The total number of lines
  ``%c``      The current column number starting at 0, including virtual
              space.
  ``%C``      The current column number starting at 1, including virtual
              space.
  ``%s``      The number of selected characters or if only whole lines
              selected, the number of selected lines.
  ``%n``      The number of selected characters, even if only whole lines
              are selected.
  ``%w``      Shows ``RO`` when the document is in read-only mode,
              otherwise shows whether the editor is in overtype (OVR)
              or insert (INS) mode.
  ``%t``      Shows the indentation mode, either tabs (TAB),
              spaces (SP) or both (T/S).
  ``%m``      Shows whether the document is modified (MOD) or nothing.
  ``%M``      The name of the document's line-endings (ex. ``Unix (LF)``)
  ``%e``      The name of the document's encoding (ex. UTF-8).
  ``%f``      The filetype of the document (ex. None, Python, C, etc).
  ``%S``      The name of the scope where the caret is located.
  ``%p``      The caret position in the entire document starting at 0.
  ``%r``      Shows whether the document is read-only (RO) or nothing.
  ``%Y``      The Scintilla style number at the caret position. This is
              useful if you're debugging color schemes or related code.
============  ===========================================================

Terminal (VTE) preferences
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

See also: `Virtual terminal emulator widget (VTE)`_.

.. image:: ./images/pref_dialog_vte.png

Terminal widget
```````````````

Terminal font
    Select the font that will be used in the terminal emulation control.

Foreground color
    Select the font color.

Background color
    Select the background color of the terminal.

Background image
    Select the background image to show behind the terminal's text.

Scrollback lines
    The number of lines buffered so that you can scroll though the history.

Shell
    The location of the shell on your system.

Scroll on keystroke
    Scroll the terminal to the prompt line when pressing a key.

Scroll on output
    Scroll the output down.

Cursor blinks
    Let the terminal cursor blink.

Override Geany keybindings
    Allow the VTE to receive keyboard shortcuts (apart from focus commands).

Disable menu shortcut key (F10 by default)
    Disable the menu shortcut when you are in the virtual terminal.

Follow path of the current file
    Make the path of the terminal change according to the path of the
    current file.

Execute programs in VTE
    Execute programs in the virtual terminal instead of using the external
    terminal tool.  Note that if you run multiple execute commands at once
    the output may become mixed together in the VTE.

Don't use run script
    Don't use the simple run script which is usually used to display
    the exit status of the executed program.
    This can be useful if you already have a program running in the VTE
    like a Python console (e.g. ipython). Use this with care.


Project management
------------------

Project management is optional in Geany. Currently it can be used for:

* Storing and opening session files on a project basis.
* Overriding default settings with project equivalents.
* Configuring the Build menu on a project basis.

A list of session files can be stored and opened with the project
when the *Use project-based session files* preference is enabled,
in the `Projects`_ group of the `General Miscellaneous preferences`_ tab
of the `Preferences`_ dialog.

As long as a project is open, the Build menu will use
the items defined in project's settings, instead of the defaults.
See `Build Menu Configuration`_ for information on configuring the menu.

The current project's settings are saved when it is closed, or when
Geany is shutdown. When restarting Geany, the previously opened project
file that was in use at the end of the last session will be reopened.

The project menu items are detailed below.


New project
^^^^^^^^^^^

To create a new project, fill in the *Name* field. By default this
will setup a new project file ``~/projects/name.geany``. Usually it's
best to store all your project files in the same directory (they are
independent of any source directory trees).

The Base path text field is setup to use ``~/projects/name``. This
can safely be set to any existing path -- it will not touch the file
structure contained in it.


Project properties
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can set an optional description for the project. Currently it's
only used for a template wildcard - see `Template wildcards`_.

The *Base path* field is used as the directory to run the Build menu commands.
The specified path can be an absolute path or it is considered to be
relative to the project's file name.

The *File patterns* field allows to specify a list of file patterns for the
project, which can be used in the `Find in files`_ dialog.

The *Indentation* tab allows you to override the default
`Indentation`_ settings.


Open project
^^^^^^^^^^^^

The Open command displays a standard file chooser, starting in
``~/projects``. Choose a project file named with the ``.geany``
extension.

When project session support is enabled, Geany will close the currently
open files and open the session files associated with the project.


Close project
^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Project file settings are saved when the project is closed.

When project session support is enabled, Geany will close the project
session files and open any previously closed default session files.


Build menu
----------
After editing code with Geany, the next step is to compile, link, build,
interpret, run etc.  As Geany supports many languages each with a different
approach to such operations, and as there are also many language independent
software building systems, Geany does not have a built-in build system, nor
does it limit which system you can use.  Instead the build menu provides
a configurable and flexible means of running any external commands to
execute your preferred build system.

This section provides a description of the default configuration of the
build menu and then covers how to configure it, and where the defaults fit in.

Running the commands from within Geany has two benefits:

* The current file is automatically saved before the command is run.
* The output is captured in the Compiler notebook tab and parsed for
  warnings or errors.

Warnings and errors that can be parsed for line numbers will be shown in
red in the Compiler tab and you can click on them to switch to the relevant
source file (or open it) and mark the line number.  Also lines with
warnings or errors are marked in the source, see `Indicators`_ below.

.. tip::
    If Geany's default error message parsing does not parse errors for
    the tool you're using, you can set a custom regex in the Build Commands
    Dialog, see `Build Menu Configuration`_.

Indicators
^^^^^^^^^^

Indicators are red squiggly underlines which are used to highlight
errors which occurred while compiling the current file. So you can
easily see where your code failed to compile. You can remove them by
selecting *Remove Error Indicators* in the Document menu.

If you do not like this feature, you can disable it - see `Editor Features
preferences`_.


Default build menu items
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Depending on the current file's filetype, the default Build menu will contain
the following items:

* Compile
* Build
* Lint
* Make All
* Make Custom Target
* Make Object
* Next Error
* Previous Error
* Execute
* Set Build Menu Commands


Compile
```````

The Compile command has different uses for different kinds of files.

For compilable languages such as C and C++, the Compile command is
set up to compile the current source file into a binary object file.

Java source files will be compiled to class file bytecode.

Interpreted languages such as Perl, Python, Ruby will compile to
bytecode if the language supports it, or will run a syntax check,
or if that is not available will run the file in its language interpreter.

Build
`````

For compilable languages such as C and C++, the Build command will link
the current source file's equivalent object file into an executable. If
the object file does not exist, the source will be compiled and linked
in one step, producing just the executable binary.

Interpreted languages do not use the Build command.

.. note::
    If you need complex settings for your build system, or several
    different settings, then writing a Makefile and using the Make
    commands is recommended; this will also make it easier for users to
    build your software.

Lint
````

Source code linters are often used to find code that doesn't correspond to
certain style guidelines: non-portable code, common or hard to find
errors, code "smells", variables used before being set, unused functions,
division by zero, constant conditions, etc. Linters inspect the code and
issue warnings much like the compilers do. This is formally referred to as
static code analysis.

Some common linters are pre-configured for you in the Build menu (``pep8``
for Python, ``cppcheck`` for C/C++, JSHint for JavaScript, ``xmllint`` for
XML, ``hlint`` for Haskell, ``shellcheck`` for shell code, ...), but all
these are standalone tools you need to obtain before using.

Make
````

This runs "make" in the same directory as the
current file.

Make custom target
``````````````````

This is similar to running 'Make' but you will be prompted for
the make target name to be passed to the Make tool. For example,
typing 'clean' in the dialog prompt will run "make clean".


Make object
```````````

Make object will run "make current_file.o" in the same directory as
the current file, using the filename for 'current_file'. It is useful
for building just the current file without building the whole project.

Next error
``````````

The next error item will move to the next detected error in the file.

Previous error
``````````````
The previous error item will move to the previous detected error in the file.

Execute
```````

Execute will run the corresponding executable file, shell script or
interpreted script in a terminal window. The command set in the
"Set Build Commands" dialog is run in a script to ensure the terminal
stays open after execution completes.  Note: see `Terminal emulators`_
below for the command format.  Alternatively the built-in VTE can be used
if it is available - see `Virtual terminal emulator widget (VTE)`_.

After your program or script has finished executing, the run script will
prompt you to press the return key. This allows you to review any text
output from the program before the terminal window is closed.

.. note::
    The execute command output is not parsed for errors.


Stopping running processes
``````````````````````````

When there is a running program, the Execute menu item in the menu and
the Run button in the toolbar
each become a stop button so you can stop the current running program (and
any child processes). This works by sending the SIGQUIT signal to the process.

Depending on the process you started it is possible that the process
cannot be stopped. For example this can happen when the process creates
more than one child process.


Terminal emulators
******************

The Terminal field of the tools preferences tab requires a command to
execute the terminal program and to pass it the name of the Geany run
script that it should execute in a Bourne compatible shell (eg /bin/sh).
The marker "%c" is substituted with the name of the Geany run script,
which is created in the temporary directory and which changes the working
directory to the directory set in the Build commands dialog, see
`Build menu commands dialog`_ for details.

As an example the default (Linux) command is::

    xterm -e "/bin/sh %c"


Set build commands
``````````````````

By default Compile, Build and Execute are fairly basic commands. You
may wish to customise them using *Set Build Commands*.

E.g. for C you can add any include paths and compile flags for the
compiler, any library names and paths for the linker, and any
arguments you want to use when running Execute.

Build menu configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The build menu has considerable flexibility and configurability, allowing
both menu labels the commands they execute and the directory they execute
in to be configured.

For example, if you change one of the default make commands to run say 'waf'
you can also change the label to match.

These settings are saved automatically when Geany is shut down.

The build menu is divided into four groups of items each with different
behaviors:

* Filetype build commands - are configurable and depend on the filetype of the
  current document; they capture output in the compiler tab and parse it for
  errors.
* Independent build commands - are configurable and mostly don't depend on the
  filetype of the current document; they also capture output in the
  compiler tab and parse it for errors.
* Execute commands - are configurable and intended for executing your
  program or other long running programs.  The output is not parsed for errors
  and is directed to the terminal command selected in preferences.
* Fixed commands - these perform built-in actions:

  * Go to the next error.
  * Go to the previous error.
  * Show the build menu commands dialog.

The maximum numbers of items in each of the configurable groups can be
configured in the `Various preferences`_. Even though the maximum number of
items may have been increased, only those menu items that have values
configured are shown in the menu.

The groups of menu items obtain their configuration from four potential
sources.  The highest priority source that has the menu item defined will
be used. The sources in decreasing priority are:

* A project file if open
* The user preferences
* The system filetype definitions
* The defaults

The detailed relationships between sources and the configurable menu item groups
is shown in the following table.

+--------------+---------------------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
| Group        | Project File        | Preferences              | System Filetype   |  Defaults                     |
+==============+=====================+==========================+===================+===============================+
| Filetype     | Loads From: project | Loads From:              | Loads From:       | None                          |
|              | file                | filetypes.xxx file in    | filetypes.xxx in  |                               |
|              |                     | ~/.config/geany/filedefs | Geany install     |                               |
|              | Saves To: project   |                          |                   |                               |
|              | file                | Saves to: as above,      | Saves to: as user |                               |
|              |                     | creating if needed.      | preferences left. |                               |
+--------------+---------------------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
| Filetype     | Loads From: project | Loads From:              | Loads From:       | 1:                            |
| Independent  | file                | geany.conf file in       | filetypes.xxx in  |   Label: _Make                |
|              |                     | ~/.config/geany          | Geany install     |   Command: make               |
|              | Saves To: project   |                          |                   |                               |
|              | file                | Saves to: as above,      | Saves to: as user | 2:                            |
|              |                     | creating if needed.      | preferences left. |    Label: Make Custom _Target |
|              |                     |                          |                   |    Command: make              |
|              |                     |                          |                   |                               |
|              |                     |                          |                   | 3:                            |
|              |                     |                          |                   |    Label: Make _Object        |
|              |                     |                          |                   |    Command: make %e.o         |
+--------------+---------------------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
| Execute      | Loads From: project | Loads From:              | Loads From:       | Label: _Execute               |
|              | file or else        | geany.conf file in       | filetypes.xxx in  | Command: ./%e                 |
|              | filetype defined in | ~/.config/geany or else  | Geany install     |                               |
|              | project file        | filetypes.xxx file in    |                   |                               |
|              |                     | ~/.config/geany/filedefs | Saves To: as user |                               |
|              | Saves To:           |                          | preferences left. |                               |
|              | project file        | Saves To:                |                   |                               |
|              |                     | filetypes.xxx file in    |                   |                               |
|              |                     | ~/.config/geany/filedefs |                   |                               |
+--------------+---------------------+--------------------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+

The following notes on the table reference cells by coordinate as (group,source):

* General - for filetypes.xxx substitute the appropriate extension for
  the filetype of the current document for xxx - see `filenames`_.

* System Filetypes - Labels loaded from these sources are locale sensitive
  and can contain translations.

* (Filetype, Project File) and (Filetype, Preferences) - preferences use a full
  filetype file so that users can configure all other filetype preferences
  as well.  Projects can only configure menu items per filetype.  Saving
  in the project file means that there is only one file per project not
  a whole directory.

* (Filetype-Independent, System Filetype) - although conceptually strange, defining
  filetype-independent commands in a filetype file, this provides the ability to
  define filetype dependent default menu items.

* (Execute, Project File) and (Execute, Preferences) - the project independent
  execute and preferences independent execute commands can only be set by hand
  editing the appropriate file, see `Preferences file format`_ and `Project file
  format`_.

Build menu commands dialog
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Most of the configuration of the build menu is done through the Build Menu
Commands Dialog.  You edit the configuration sourced from preferences in the
dialog opened from the Build->Build Menu Commands item and you edit the
configuration from the project in the build tab of the project preferences
dialog.  Both use the same form shown below.

.. image:: ./images/build_menu_commands_dialog.png

The dialog is divided into three sections:

* Filetype build commands (selected based on the current document's filetype).
* Independent build commands (available regardless of filetype).
* Filetype execute commands.

The filetype and independent sections also each contain a field for the regular
expression used for parsing command output for error and warning messages.

The columns in the first three sections allow setting of the label, command,
and working directory to run the command in.

An item with an empty label will not be shown in the menu.

An empty working directory will default to the directory of the current document.
If there is no current document then the command will not run.

The dialog will always show the command selected by priority, not just the
commands configured in this configuration source. This ensures that you always
see what the menu item is going to do if activated.

If the current source of the menu item is higher priority than the
configuration source you are editing then the command will be shown
in the dialog but will be insensitive (greyed out).  This can't happen
with the project source but can with the preferences source dialog.

The clear buttons remove the definition from the configuration source you are editing.
When you do this the command from the next lower priority source will be shown.
To hide lower priority menu items without having anything show in the menu
configure with a nothing in the label but at least one character in the command.

Substitutions in commands and working directories
`````````````````````````````````````````````````

The first occurrence of each of the following character sequences in each of the
command and working directory fields is substituted by the items specified below
before the command is run.

* %d - substituted by the absolute path to the directory of the current file.
* %e - substituted by the name of the current file without the extension or path.
* %f - substituted by the name of the current file without the path.
* %p - if a project is open, substituted by the base path from the project.
* %l - substituted by the line number at the current cursor position.

.. note::
   If the basepath set in the project preferences is not an absolute path , then it is
   taken as relative to the directory of the project file.  This allows a project file
   stored in the source tree to specify all commands and working directories relative
   to the tree itself, so that the whole tree including the project file, can be moved
   and even checked into and out of version control without having to re-configure the
   build menu.

Build menu keyboard shortcuts
`````````````````````````````

Keyboard shortcuts can be defined for the first two filetype menu items, the first three
independent menu items, the first execute menu item and the fixed menu items.
In the keybindings configuration dialog (see `Keybinding preferences`_)
these items are identified by the default labels shown in the `Build Menu`_ section above.

It is currently not possible to bind keyboard shortcuts to more than these menu items.

You can also use underlines in the labels to set mnemonic characters.

Old settings
````````````

The configurable Build Menu capability was introduced in Geany 0.19 and
required a new section to be added to the configuration files (See
`Preferences file format`_).  Geany will still load older format project,
preferences and filetype file settings and will attempt to map them into the new
configuration format.  There is not a simple clean mapping between the formats.
The mapping used produces the most sensible results for the majority of cases.
However, if they do not map the way you want, you may have to manually
configure some settings using the Build Commands
Dialog or the Build tab of the project preferences dialog.

Any setting configured in either of these dialogs will override settings mapped from
older format configuration files.

Printing support
----------------

Since Geany 0.13 there has been printing support using GTK's printing API.
The printed page(s) will look nearly the same as on your screen in Geany.
Additionally, there are some options to modify the printed page(s).

.. note::
    The background text color is set to white, except for text with
    a white foreground. This allows dark color schemes to save ink
    when printing.

You can define whether to print line numbers, page numbers at the bottom of
each page and whether to print a page header on each page. This header
contains the filename of the printed document, the current page number and
the date and time of printing. By default, the file name of the document
with full path information is added to the header. If you prefer to add
only the basename of the file(without any path information) you can set it
in the preferences dialog. You can also adjust the format of the date and
time added to the page header. The available conversion specifiers are the
same as the ones which can be used with the ANSI C strftime function.

All of these settings can also be changed in the print dialog just before
actual printing is done.
On Unix-like systems the provided print dialog offers a print preview. The
preview file is opened with a PDF viewer and by default GTK uses ``evince``
for print preview. If you have not installed evince or just want to use
another PDF viewer, you can change the program to use in the file
``.gtkrc-2.0`` (usually found in your home directory). Simply add a line
like::

    gtk-print-preview-command = "epdfview %f"

at the end of the file. Of course, you can also use xpdf, kpdf or whatever
as the print preview command.

Geany also provides an alternative basic printing support using a custom
print command. However, the printed document contains no syntax highlighting.
You can adjust the command to which the filename is passed in the preferences
dialog. The default command is::

    % lpr %f

``%f`` will be substituted by the filename of the current file. Geany
will not show errors from the command itself, so you should make
sure that it works before(e.g. by trying to execute it from the
command line).

A nicer example, which many prefer is::

    % a2ps -1 --medium=A4 -o - %f | xfprint4

But this depends on a2ps and xfprint4. As a replacement for xfprint4,
gtklp or similar programs can be used.



Plugins
-------

Plugins are loaded at startup, if the *Enable plugin support*
general preference is set. There is also a command-line option,
``-p``, which prevents plugins being loaded. Plugins are scanned in
the following directories:

* ``$prefix/lib/geany`` on Unix-like systems (see `Installation prefix`_)
* The ``lib`` subfolder of the installation path on Windows.
* The ``plugins`` subfolder of the user configuration directory - see
  `Configuration file paths`_.
* The `Extra plugin path` preference (usually blank) - see `Paths`_.

Most plugins add menu items to the *Tools* menu when they are loaded.

See also `Plugin documentation`_ for information about single plugins
which are included in Geany.

Plugin manager
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The Plugin Manager dialog lets you choose which plugins
should be loaded at startup. You can also load and unload plugins on the
fly using this dialog. Once you click the checkbox for a specific plugin
in the dialog, it is loaded or unloaded according to its previous state.
By default, no plugins are loaded at startup until you select some.
You can also configure some plugin specific options if the plugin
provides any.


Keybindings
-----------

Geany supports the default keyboard shortcuts for the Scintilla
editing widget. For a list of these commands, see `Scintilla
keyboard commands`_. The Scintilla keyboard shortcuts will be overridden
by any custom keybindings with the same keyboard shortcut.


Switching documents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

There are some non-configurable bindings to switch between documents,
listed below. These can also be overridden by custom keybindings.

=============== ==================================
Key             Action
=============== ==================================
Alt-[1-9]       Select left-most tab, from 1 to 9.
Alt-0           Select right-most tab.
=============== ==================================

See also `Notebook tab keybindings`_.


Configurable keybindings
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

For all actions listed below you can define your own keybindings. Open
the Preferences dialog, select the desired action and click on
change. In the resulting dialog you can press the key combination you
want to assign to the action and it will be saved when you press OK.
You can define only one key combination for each action and each key
combination can only be defined for one action.

The following tables list all customizable keyboard shortcuts, those
which are common to many applications are marked with (C) after the
shortcut.

File keybindings
````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
New                             Ctrl-N  (C)               Creates a new file.

Open                            Ctrl-O  (C)               Opens a file.

Open selected file              Ctrl-Shift-O              Opens the selected filename.

Re-open last closed tab                                   Re-opens the last closed document tab.

Save                            Ctrl-S  (C)               Saves the current file.

Save As                                                   Saves the current file under a new name.

Save all                        Ctrl-Shift-S              Saves all open files.

Close all                       Ctrl-Shift-W              Closes all open files.

Close                           Ctrl-W  (C)               Closes the current file.

Reload file                     Ctrl-R  (C)               Reloads the current file.

Print                           Ctrl-P  (C)               Prints the current file.

Quit                            Ctrl-Q  (C)               Quits Geany.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Editor keybindings
``````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Undo                            Ctrl-Z  (C)               Un-does the last action.

Redo                            Ctrl-Y                    Re-does the last action.

Delete current line(s)          Ctrl-K                    Deletes the current line (and any lines with a
                                                          selection).

Delete to line end              Ctrl-Shift-Delete         Deletes from the current caret position to the
                                                          end of the current line.

Duplicate line or selection     Ctrl-D                    Duplicates the current line or selection.

Transpose current line                                    Transposes the current line with the previous one.

Scroll to current line          Ctrl-Shift-L              Scrolls the current line into the centre of the
                                                          view. The cursor position and or an existing
                                                          selection will not be changed.

Scroll up by one line           Alt-Up                    Scrolls the view.

Scroll down by one line         Alt-Down                  Scrolls the view.

Complete word                   Ctrl-Space                Shows the autocompletion list. If already showing
                                                          symbol completion, it shows document word completion
                                                          instead, even if it is not enabled for automatic
                                                          completion. Likewise if no symbol suggestions are
                                                          available, it shows document word completion.

Show calltip                    Ctrl-Shift-Space          Shows a calltip for the current function or
                                                          method.

Complete snippet                Tab                       If you type a construct like if or for and press
                                                          this key, it will be completed with a matching
                                                          template.

Suppress snippet completion                               If you type a construct like if or for and press
                                                          this key, it will not be completed, and a space or
                                                          tab will be inserted, depending on what the
                                                          construct completion keybinding is set to. For
                                                          example, if you have set the construct completion
                                                          keybinding to space, then setting this to
                                                          Shift+space will prevent construct completion and
                                                          insert a space.

Context Action                                            Executes a command and passes the current word
                                                          (near the cursor position) or selection as an
                                                          argument. See the section called `Context
                                                          actions`_.

Move cursor in snippet                                    Jumps to the next defined cursor positions in a
                                                          completed snippets if multiple cursor positions
                                                          where defined.

Word part completion            Tab                       When the autocompletion list is visible, complete
                                                          the currently selected item up to the next word
                                                          part.

Move line(s) up                 Alt-PageUp                Move the current line or selected lines up by
                                                          one line.

Move line(s) down               Alt-PageDown              Move the current line or selected lines down by
                                                          one line.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Clipboard keybindings
`````````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Cut                             Ctrl-X  (C)               Cut the current selection to the clipboard.

Copy                            Ctrl-C  (C)               Copy the current selection to the clipboard.

Paste                           Ctrl-V  (C)               Paste the clipboard text into the current document.

Cut current line(s)             Ctrl-Shift-X              Cuts the current line (and any lines with a
                                                          selection) to the clipboard.

Copy current line(s)            Ctrl-Shift-C              Copies the current line (and any lines with a
                                                          selection) to the clipboard.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Select keybindings
``````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Select all                      Ctrl-A  (C)               Makes a selection of all text in the current
                                                          document.

Select current word             Alt-Shift-W               Selects the current word under the cursor.

Select current paragraph        Alt-Shift-P               Selects the current paragraph under the cursor
                                                          which is defined by two empty lines around it.

Select current line(s)          Alt-Shift-L               Selects the current line under the cursor (and any
                                                          partially selected lines).

Select to previous word part                              (Extend) selection to previous word part boundary.

Select to next word part                                  (Extend) selection to next word part boundary.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Insert keybindings
``````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Insert date                     Shift-Alt-D               Inserts a customisable date.

Insert alternative whitespace                             Inserts a tab character when spaces should
                                                          be used for indentation and inserts space
                                                          characters of the amount of a tab width when
                                                          tabs should be used for indentation.

Insert New Line Before Current                            Inserts a new line with indentation.

Insert New Line After Current                             Inserts a new line with indentation.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Format keybindings
``````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Toggle case of selection        Ctrl-Alt-U                Changes the case of the selection. A lowercase
                                                          selection will be changed into uppercase and vice
                                                          versa. If the selection contains lower- and
                                                          uppercase characters, all will be converted to
                                                          lowercase.

Comment line                                              Comments current line or selection.

Uncomment line                                            Uncomments current line or selection.

Toggle line commentation        Ctrl-E                    Comments a line if it is not commented or removes
                                                          a comment if the line is commented.

Increase indent                 Ctrl-I                    Indents the current line or selection by one tab
                                                          or with spaces in the amount of the tab width
                                                          setting.

Decrease indent                 Ctrl-U                    Removes one tab or the amount of spaces of
                                                          the tab width setting from the indentation of the
                                                          current line or selection.

Increase indent by one space                              Indents the current line or selection by one
                                                          space.

Decrease indent by one space                              Deindents the current line or selection by one
                                                          space.

Smart line indent                                         Indents the current line or all selected lines
                                                          with the same indentation as the previous line.

Send to Custom Command 1 (2,3)  Ctrl-1 (2,3)              Passes the current selection to a configured
                                                          external command (available for the first
                                                          9 configured commands, see
                                                          `Sending text through custom commands`_ for
                                                          details).

Send Selection to Terminal                                Sends the current selection or the current
                                                          line (if there is no selection) to the
                                                          embedded Terminal (VTE).

Reflow lines/block                                        Reformat selected lines or current
                                                          (indented) text block,
                                                          breaking lines at the long line marker or the
                                                          line breaking column if line breaking is
                                                          enabled for the current document.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Settings keybindings
````````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Preferences                     Ctrl-Alt-P                Opens preferences dialog.

Plugin Preferences                                        Opens plugin preferences dialog.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Search keybindings
``````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Find                            Ctrl-F  (C)               Opens the Find dialog.

Find Next                       Ctrl-G                    Finds next result.

Find Previous                   Ctrl-Shift-G              Finds previous result.

Find Next Selection                                       Finds next occurrence of selected text.

Find Previous Selection                                   Finds previous occurrence of selected text.

Replace                         Ctrl-H  (C)               Opens the Replace dialog.

Find in files                   Ctrl-Shift-F              Opens the Find in files dialog.

Next message                                              Jumps to the line with the next message in
                                                          the Messages window.

Previous message                                          Jumps to the line with the previous message
                                                          in the Messages window.

Find Usage                      Ctrl-Shift-E              Finds all occurrences of the current word (near
                                                          the keyboard cursor) or selection in all open
                                                          documents and displays them in the messages
                                                          window.

Find Document Usage             Ctrl-Shift-D              Finds all occurrences of the current word (near
                                                          the keyboard cursor) or selection in the current
                                                          document and displays them in the messages
                                                          window.

Mark All                        Ctrl-Shift-M              Highlight all matches of the current
                                                          word/selection in the current document
                                                          with a colored box. If there's nothing to
                                                          find, or the cursor is next to an existing match,
                                                          the highlighted matches will be cleared.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Go to keybindings
`````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Navigate forward a location     Alt-Right  (C)            Switches to the next location in the navigation
                                                          history. See the section called `Code Navigation
                                                          History`_.

Navigate back a location        Alt-Left  (C)             Switches to the previous location in the
                                                          navigation history. See the section called
                                                          `Code navigation history`_.

Go to line                      Ctrl-L                    Focuses the Go to Line entry (if visible) or
                                                          shows the Go to line dialog.

Goto matching brace             Ctrl-B                    If the cursor is ahead or behind a brace, then it
                                                          is moved to the brace which belongs to the current
                                                          one. If this keyboard shortcut is pressed again,
                                                          the cursor is moved back to the first brace.

Toggle marker                   Ctrl-M                    Set a marker on the current line, or clear the
                                                          marker if there already is one.

Goto next marker                Ctrl-.                    Goto the next marker in the current document.

Goto previous marker            Ctrl-,                    Goto the previous marker in the current document.

Go to symbol definition         Ctrl-T                    Jump to the definition of the current word or
                                                          selection. See `Go to symbol definition`_.

Go to symbol declaration        Ctrl-Shift-T              Jump to the declaration of the current word or
                                                          selection. See `Go to symbol declaration`_.

Go to Start of Line             Home                      Move the caret to the start of the line.
                                                          Behaves differently if smart_home_key_ is set.

Go to End of Line               End                       Move the caret to the end of the line.

Go to Start of Display Line     Alt-Home                  Move the caret to the start of the display line.
                                                          This is useful when you use line wrapping and
                                                          want to jump to the start of the wrapped, virtual
                                                          line, not the real start of the whole line.
                                                          If the line is not wrapped, it behaves like
                                                          `Go to Start of Line`.

Go to End of Display Line       Alt-End                   Move the caret to the end of the display line.
                                                          If the line is not wrapped, it behaves like
                                                          `Go to End of Line`.

Go to Previous Word Part        Ctrl-/                    Goto the previous part of the current word.

Go to Next Word Part            Ctrl-\\                   Goto the next part of the current word.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================

View keybindings
````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Fullscreen                      F11  (C)                  Switches to fullscreen mode.

Toggle Messages Window                                    Toggles the message window (status and compiler
                                                          messages) on and off.

Toggle Sidebar                                            Shows or hides the sidebar.

Toggle all additional widgets                             Hide and show all additional widgets like the
                                                          notebook tabs, the toolbar, the messages window
                                                          and the status bar.

Zoom In                         Ctrl-+  (C)               Zooms in the text.

Zoom Out                        Ctrl--  (C)               Zooms out the text.

Zoom Reset                      Ctrl-0                    Reset any previous zoom on the text.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================

Focus keybindings
`````````````````
================================ ========================= ==================================================
Action                           Default shortcut          Description
================================ ========================= ==================================================
Switch to Editor                 F2                        Switches to editor widget.
                                                           Also reshows the document statistics line
                                                           (after a short timeout).

Switch to Search Bar             F7                        Switches to the search bar in the toolbar (if
                                                           visible).

Switch to Message Window                                   Focus the Message Window's current tab.

Switch to Compiler                                         Focus the Compiler message window tab.

Switch to Messages                                         Focus the Messages message window tab.

Switch to Scribble               F6                        Switches to scribble widget.

Switch to VTE                    F4                        Switches to VTE widget.

Switch to Sidebar                                          Focus the Sidebar.

Switch to Sidebar Symbol List                              Focus the Symbol list tab in the Sidebar
                                                           (if visible).

Switch to Sidebar Document List                            Focus the Document list tab in the Sidebar
                                                           (if visible).
================================ ========================= ==================================================


Notebook tab keybindings
````````````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Switch to left document         Ctrl-PageUp   (C)         Switches to the previous open document.

Switch to right document        Ctrl-PageDown (C)         Switches to the next open document.

Switch to last used document    Ctrl-Tab                  Switches to the previously shown document (if it's
                                                          still open).
                                                          Holding Ctrl (or another modifier if the keybinding
                                                          has been changed) will show a dialog, then repeated
                                                          presses of the keybinding will switch to the 2nd-last
                                                          used document, 3rd-last, etc. Also known as
                                                          Most-Recently-Used documents switching.

Move document left              Ctrl-Shift-PageUp         Changes the current document with the left hand
                                                          one.

Move document right             Ctrl-Shift-PageDown       Changes the current document with the right hand
                                                          one.

Move document first                                       Moves the current document to the first position.

Move document last                                        Moves the current document to the last position.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Document keybindings
````````````````````
==================================== ==================== ==================================================
Action                               Default shortcut     Description
==================================== ==================== ==================================================
Clone                                                     See `Cloning documents`_.

Replace tabs with space                                   Replaces all tabs with the right amount of spaces
                                                          in the whole document, or the current selection.

Replace spaces with tabs                                  Replaces leading spaces with tab characters in the
                                                          whole document, or the current selection.

Toggle current fold                                       Toggles the folding state of the current code block.

Fold all                                                  Folds all contractible code blocks.

Unfold all                                                Unfolds all contracted code blocks.

Reload symbol list                   Ctrl-Shift-R         Reloads the symbol list.

Toggle Line wrapping                                      Enables or disables wrapping of long lines.

Toggle Line breaking                                      Enables or disables automatic breaking of long
                                                          lines at a configurable column.

Remove Markers                                            Remove any markers on lines or words which
                                                          were set by using 'Mark All' in the
                                                          search dialog or by manually marking lines.

Remove Error Indicators                                   Remove any error indicators in the
                                                          current document.

Remove Markers and Error Indicators                       Combines ``Remove Markers`` and
                                                          ``Remove Error Indicators``.
==================================== ==================== ==================================================


Project keybindings
```````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
New                                                       Create a new project.
Open                                                      Opens a project file.
Properties                                                Shows project properties.
Close                                                     Close the current project.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Build keybindings
`````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Compile                         F8                        Compiles the current file.

Build                           F9                        Builds (compiles if necessary and links) the
                                                          current file.

Make all                        Shift-F9                  Builds the current file with the Make tool.

Make custom target              Ctrl-Shift-F9             Builds the current file with the Make tool and a
                                                          given target.

Make object                     Shift-F8                  Compiles the current file with the Make tool.

Next error                                                Jumps to the line with the next error from the
                                                          last build process.

Previous error                                            Jumps to the line with the previous error from
                                                          the last build process.

Run                             F5                        Executes the current file in a terminal emulation.

Set Build Commands                                        Opens the build commands dialog.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Tools keybindings
`````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Show Color Chooser                                        Opens the Color Chooser dialog.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================


Help keybindings
````````````````
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Action                          Default shortcut          Description
=============================== ========================= ==================================================
Help                            F1 (C)                       Opens the manual.
=============================== ========================= ==================================================




Configuration files
===================
.. warning::
    You must use UTF-8 encoding *without BOM* for configuration files.


Configuration file paths
------------------------
Geany has default configuration files installed for the system and
also per-user configuration files.

The system files should not normally be edited because they will be
overwritten when upgrading Geany.

The user configuration directory can be overridden with the ``-c``
switch, but this is not normally done. See `Command line options`_.

.. note::
    Any missing subdirectories in the user configuration directory
    will be created when Geany starts.

You can check the paths Geany is using with *Help->Debug Messages*.
Near the top there should be 2 lines with something like::

    Geany-INFO: System data dir: /usr/share/geany
    Geany-INFO: User config dir: /home/username/.config/geany


Paths on Unix-like systems
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The system path is ``$prefix/share/geany``, where ``$prefix`` is the
path where Geany is installed (see `Installation prefix`_).

The user configuration directory is normally:
``/home/username/.config/geany``

Paths on Windows
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The system path is the ``data`` subfolder of the installation path
on Windows.

The user configuration directory might vary, but on Windows XP it's:
``C:\Documents and Settings\UserName\Application Data\geany``
On Windows 7 and above you most likely will find it at:
``C:\users\UserName\Roaming\geany``


Tools menu items
----------------
There's a *Configuration files* submenu in the *Tools* menu that
contains items for some of the available user configuration files.
Clicking on one opens it in the editor for you to update. Geany will
reload the file after you have saved it.

.. note::
    Other configuration files not shown here will need to be opened
    manually, and will not be automatically reloaded when saved.
    (see *Reload Configuration* below).

There's also a *Reload Configuration* item which can be used if you
updated one of the other configuration files, or modified or added
template files.

*Reload Configuration* is also necessary to update syntax highlighting colors.

.. note::
    Syntax highlighting colors aren't updated in open documents after
    saving filetypes.common as this may take a significant
    amount of time.


Global configuration file
-------------------------

System administrators can add a global configuration file for Geany
which will be used when starting Geany and a user configuration file
does not exist.

The global configuration file is read from ``geany.conf`` in the
system configuration path - see `Configuration file paths`_. It can
contain any settings which are found in the usual configuration file
created by Geany, but does not have to contain all settings.

.. note::
    This feature is mainly intended for package maintainers or system
    admins who want to set up Geany in a multi user environment and
    set some sane default values for this environment. Usually users won't
    need to do that.



Filetype definition files
-------------------------

All color definitions and other filetype specific settings are
stored in the filetype definition files. Those settings are colors
for syntax highlighting, general settings like comment characters or
word delimiter characters as well as compiler and linker settings.

See also `Configuration file paths`_.

Filenames
^^^^^^^^^
Each filetype has a corresponding filetype definition file. The format
for built-in filetype `Foo` is::

    filetypes.foo

The extension is normally just the filetype name in lower case.

However there are some exceptions:

=============== =========
Filetype        Extension
=============== =========
C++             cpp
C#              cs
Make            makefile
Matlab/Octave   matlab
=============== =========

There is also the `special file filetypes.common`_.

For `custom filetypes`_, the filename for `Foo` is different::

    filetypes.Foo.conf

See the link for details.

System files
^^^^^^^^^^^^
The system-wide filetype configuration files can be found in the
system configuration path and are called ``filetypes.$ext``,
where $ext is the name of the filetype. For every
filetype there is a corresponding definition file. There is one
exception: ``filetypes.common`` -- this file is for general settings,
which are not specific to a certain filetype.

.. warning::
    It is not recommended that users edit the system-wide files,
    because they will be overridden when Geany is updated.

User files
^^^^^^^^^^
To change the settings, copy a file from the system configuration
path to the subdirectory ``filedefs`` in your user configuration
directory. Then you can edit the file and the changes will still be
available after an update of Geany.

Alternatively, you can create the file yourself and add only the
settings you want to change. All missing settings will be read from
the corresponding system configuration file.

Custom filetypes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
At startup Geany looks for ``filetypes.*.conf`` files in the system and
user filetype paths, adding any filetypes found with the name matching
the '``*``' wildcard - e.g. ``filetypes.Bar.conf``.

Custom filetypes are not as powerful as built-in filetypes, but
support for the following has been implemented:

* Recognizing and setting the filetype (after the user has manually updated
  the `filetype extensions`_ file).
* `Filetype group membership`_.
* Reading filetype settings in the ``[settings]`` section, including:
    * Using an existing syntax highlighting lexer (`lexer_filetype`_ key).
    * Using an existing tags parser (`tag_parser`_ key).
* Build commands (``[build-menu]`` section).
* Loading global tags files (sharing the ``tag_parser`` filetype's namespace).

See `Filetype configuration`_ for details on each setting.

Creating a custom filetype from an existing filetype
````````````````````````````````````````````````````
Because most filetype settings will relate to the syntax
highlighting (e.g. styling, keywords, ``lexer_properties``
sections), it is best to copy an existing filetype file that uses
the lexer you wish to use as the basis of a custom filetype, using
the correct filename extension format shown above, e.g.::

    cp filetypes.foo filetypes.Bar.conf

Then add the ``lexer_filetype=Foo`` setting (if not already present)
and add/adjust other settings.

.. warning::
    The ``[styling]`` and ``[keywords]`` sections have key names
    specific to each filetype/lexer. You must follow the same
    names - in particular, some lexers only support one keyword
    list, or none.


Filetype configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

As well as the sections listed below, each filetype file can contain
a [build-menu] section as described in `[build-menu] section`_.

[styling] section
`````````````````

In this section the colors for syntax highlighting are defined. The
manual format is:

* ``key=foreground_color;background_color;bold_flag;italic_flag``

Colors have to be specified as RGB hex values prefixed by
0x or # similar to HTML/CSS hex triplets. For example, all of the following
are valid values for pure red; 0xff0000, 0xf00, #ff0000, or #f00.  The
values are case-insensitive but it is a good idea to use lower-case.
Note that you can also use *named colors* as well by substituting the
color value with the name of a color as defined in the ``[named_colors]``
section, see the `[named_colors] Section`_ for more information.

Bold and italic are flags and should only be "true" or "false". If their
value is something other than "true" or "false", "false" is assumed.

You can omit fields to use the values from the style named ``"default"``.

E.g. ``key=0xff0000;;true``

This makes the key style have red foreground text, default background
color text and bold emphasis.

Using a named style
*******************
The second format uses a *named style* name to reference a style
defined in filetypes.common.

* ``key=named_style``
* ``key2=named_style2,bold,italic``

The bold and italic parts are optional, and if present are used to
toggle the bold or italic flags to the opposite of the named style's
flags. In contrast to style definition booleans, they are a literal
",bold,italic" and commas are used instead of semi-colons.

E.g. ``key=comment,italic``

This makes the key style match the ``"comment"`` named style, but with
italic emphasis.

To define named styles, see the filetypes.common `[named_styles]
Section`_.

Reading styles from another filetype
************************************
You can automatically copy all of the styles from another filetype
definition file by using the following syntax for the ``[styling]``
group::

        [styling=Foo]

Where Foo is a filetype name. The corresponding ``[styling]``
section from ``filetypes.foo`` will be read.

This is useful when the same lexer is being used for multiple
filetypes (e.g. C/C++/C#/Java/etc).  For example, to make the C++
styling the same as the C styling, you would put the following in
``filetypes.cpp``::

        [styling=C]


[keywords] section
``````````````````

This section contains keys for different keyword lists specific to
the filetype. Some filetypes do not support keywords, so adding a
new key will not work. You can only add or remove keywords to/from
an existing list.

.. important::
    The keywords list must be in one line without line ending characters.


[lexer_properties] section
``````````````````````````
Here any special properties for the Scintilla lexer can be set in the
format ``key.name.field=some.value``.

Properties Geany uses are listed in the system filetype files. To find
other properties you need Geany's source code::

    egrep -o 'GetProperty\w*\("([^"]+)"[^)]+\)' scintilla/Lex*.cxx


[settings] section
``````````````````

extension
    This is the default file extension used when saving files, not
    including the period character (``.``). The extension used should
    match one of the patterns associated with that filetype (see
    `Filetype extensions`_).

    *Example:* ``extension=cxx``

wordchars
    These characters define word boundaries when making selections
    and searching using word matching options.

    *Example:* (look at system filetypes.\* files)

    .. note::
        This overrides the *wordchars* filetypes.common setting, and
        has precedence over the *whitespace_chars* setting.

comment_single
    A character or string which is used to comment code. If you want to use
    multiline comments only, don't set this but rather comment_open and
    comment_close.

    Single-line comments are used in priority over multiline comments to
    comment a line, e.g. with the `Comment/Uncomment line` command.

    *Example:* ``comment_single=//``

comment_open
    A character or string which is used to comment code. You need to also
    set comment_close to really use multiline comments. If you want to use
    single-line comments, prefer setting comment_single.

    Multiline comments are used in priority over single-line comments to
    comment a block, e.g. template comments.

    *Example:* ``comment_open=/*``

comment_close
    If multiline comments are used, this is the character or string to
    close the comment.

    *Example:* ``comment_close=*/``

comment_use_indent
    Set this to false if a comment character or string should start at
    column 0 of a line. If set to true it uses any indentation of the
    line.

    Note: Comment indentation

    ``comment_use_indent=true`` would generate this if a line is
    commented (e.g. with Ctrl-D)::

        #command_example();

    ``comment_use_indent=false`` would generate this if a line is
    commented (e.g. with Ctrl-D)::

        #   command_example();


    Note: This setting only works for single line comments (like '//',
    '#' or ';').

    *Example:* ``comment_use_indent=true``

context_action_cmd
    A command which can be executed on the current word or the current
    selection.

    Example usage: Open the API documentation for the
    current function call at the cursor position.

    The command can
    be set for every filetype or if not set, a global command will
    be used. The command itself can be specified without the full
    path, then it is searched in $PATH. But for security reasons,
    it is recommended to specify the full path to the command. The
    wildcard %s will be replaced by the current word at the cursor
    position or by the current selection.

    Hint: for PHP files the following could be quite useful:
    context_action_cmd=firefox "http://www.php.net/%s"

    *Example:* ``context_action_cmd=devhelp -s "%s"``

.. _tag_parser:

tag_parser
    The TagManager language name, e.g. "C". Usually the same as the
    filetype name.

.. _lexer_filetype:

lexer_filetype
    A filetype name to setup syntax highlighting from another filetype.
    This must not be recursive, i.e. it should be a filetype name that
    doesn't use the *lexer_filetype* key itself, e.g.::

        lexer_filetype=C
        #lexer_filetype=C++

    The second line is wrong, because ``filetypes.cpp`` itself uses
    ``lexer_filetype=C``, which would be recursive.

symbol_list_sort_mode
    What the default symbol list sort order should be.

    =====   ========================================
    Value   Meaning
    =====   ========================================
    0       Sort symbols by name
    1       Sort symbols by appearance (line number)
    =====   ========================================

.. _xml_indent_tags:

xml_indent_tags
    If this setting is set to *true*, a new line after a line ending with an
    unclosed XML/HTML tag will be automatically indented. This only applies
    to filetypes for which the HTML or XML lexer is used. Such filetypes have
    this setting in their system configuration files.

mime_type
    The MIME type for this file type, e.g. "text/x-csrc".  This is used
    for example to chose the icon to display for this file type.


[indentation] section
`````````````````````

This section allows definition of default indentation settings specific to
the file type, overriding the ones configured in the preferences.  This can
be useful for file types requiring specific indentation settings (e.g. tabs
only for Makefile).  These settings don't override auto-detection if activated.

width
    The forced indentation width.

type
    The forced indentation type.

    =====   =======================
    Value   Indentation type
    =====   =======================
    0       Spaces only
    1       Tabs only
    2       Mixed (tabs and spaces)
    =====   =======================


[build_settings] section
````````````````````````

As of Geany 0.19 this section is supplemented by the `[build-menu] section`_.
Values that are set in the [build-menu] section will override those in this section.

error_regex
    This is a Perl-compatible regular expression (PCRE) to parse a filename
    (absolute or relative) and line number from the build output.
    If undefined, Geany will fall back to its default error message parsing.

    Only the first two match groups will be read by Geany. These groups can
    occur in any order: the match group consisting of only digits will be used
    as the line number, and the other group as the filename.  In no group
    consists of only digits, the match will fail.

    *Example:* ``error_regex=^(.+):([0-9]+):[0-9]+``

    This will parse a message such as:
    ``test.py:7:24: E202 whitespace before ']'``

**Build commands**

If any build menu item settings have been configured in the Build Menu Commands
dialog or the Build tab of the project preferences dialog then these
settings are stored in the [build-menu] section and override the settings in
this section for that item.

compiler
    This item specifies the command to compile source code files. But
    it is also possible to use it with interpreted languages like Perl
    or Python. With these filetypes you can use this option as a kind of
    syntax parser, which sends output to the compiler message window.

    You should quote the filename to also support filenames with
    spaces. The following wildcards for filenames are available:

    * %f -- complete filename without path
    * %e -- filename without path and without extension

    *Example:* ``compiler=gcc -Wall -c "%f"``

linker
    This item specifies the command to link the file. If the file is not
    already compiled, it will be compiled while linking. The -o option
    is automatically added by Geany. This item works well with GNU gcc,
    but may be problematic with other compilers (esp. with the linker).

    *Example:* ``linker=gcc -Wall "%f"``

run_cmd
    Use this item to execute your file. It has to have been built
    already. Use the %e wildcard to have only the name of the executable
    (i.e. without extension) or use the %f wildcard if you need the
    complete filename, e.g. for shell scripts.

    *Example:* ``run_cmd="./%e"``


Special file filetypes.common
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

There is a special filetype definition file called
filetypes.common. This file defines some general non-filetype-specific
settings.

You can open the user filetypes.common with the
*Tools->Configuration Files->filetypes.common* menu item. This adds
the default settings to the user file if the file doesn't exist.
Alternatively the file can be created manually, adding only the
settings you want to change. All missing settings will be read from
the system file.

.. note::
    See the `Filetype configuration`_ section for how to define styles.


[named_styles] section
``````````````````````
Named styles declared here can be used in the [styling] section of any
filetypes.* file.

For example:

*In filetypes.common*::

    [named_styles]
    foo=0xc00000;0xffffff;false;true
    bar=foo

*In filetypes.c*::

    [styling]
    comment=foo

This saves copying and pasting the whole style definition into several
different files.

.. note::
    You can define aliases for named styles, as shown with the ``bar``
    entry in the above example, but they must be declared after the
    original style.


[named_colors] section
``````````````````````
Named colors declared here can be used in the ``[styling]`` or
``[named_styles]`` section of any filetypes.* file or color scheme.

For example::

    [named_colors]
    my_red_color=#FF0000
    my_blue_color=#0000FF

    [named_styles]
    foo=my_red_color;my_blue_color;false;true

This allows to define a color palette by name so that to change a color
scheme-wide only involves changing the hex value in a single location.

[styling] section
`````````````````
default
    This is the default style. It is used for styling files without a
    filetype set.

    *Example:* ``default=0x000000;0xffffff;false;false``

selection
    The style for coloring selected text. The format is:

    * Foreground color
    * Background color
    * Use foreground color
    * Use background color

    The colors are only set if the 3rd or 4th argument is true. When
    the colors are not overridden, the default is a dark grey
    background with syntax highlighted foreground text.

    *Example:* ``selection=0xc0c0c0;0x00007F;true;true``

brace_good
    The style for brace highlighting when a matching brace was found.

    *Example:* ``brace_good=0xff0000;0xFFFFFF;true;false``

brace_bad
    The style for brace highlighting when no matching brace was found.

    *Example:* ``brace_bad=0x0000ff;0xFFFFFF;true;false``

caret
    The style for coloring the caret(the blinking cursor). Only first
    and third argument is interpreted.
    Set the third argument to true to change the caret into a block caret.

    *Example:* ``caret=0x000000;0x0;false;false``

caret_width
    The width for the caret(the blinking cursor). Only the first
    argument is interpreted. The width is specified in pixels with
    a maximum of three pixel. Use the width 0 to make the caret
    invisible.

    *Example:* ``caret_width=3``

current_line
    The style for coloring the background of the current line. Only
    the second and third arguments are interpreted. The second argument
    is the background color. Use the third argument to enable or
    disable background highlighting for the current line (has to be
    true/false).

    *Example:* ``current_line=0x0;0xe5e5e5;true;false``

indent_guide
    The style for coloring the indentation guides. Only the first and
    second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``indent_guide=0xc0c0c0;0xffffff;false;false``

white_space
    The style for coloring the white space if it is shown. The first
    both arguments define the foreground and background colors, the
    third argument sets whether to use the defined foreground color
    or to use the color defined by each filetype for the white space.
    The fourth argument defines whether to use the background color.

    *Example:* ``white_space=0xc0c0c0;0xffffff;true;true``

margin_linenumber
    Line number margin foreground and background colors.

.. _Folding Settings:

margin_folding
    Fold margin foreground and background colors.

fold_symbol_highlight
    Highlight color of folding symbols.

folding_style
    The style of folding icons. Only first and second arguments are
    used.

    Valid values for the first argument are:

    * 1 -- for boxes
    * 2 -- for circles
    * 3 -- for arrows
    * 4 -- for +/-

    Valid values for the second argument are:

    * 0 -- for no lines
    * 1 -- for straight lines
    * 2 -- for curved lines

    *Default:* ``folding_style=1;1;``

    *Arrows:* ``folding_style=3;0;``

folding_horiz_line
    Draw a thin horizontal line at the line where text is folded. Only
    first argument is used.

    Valid values for the first argument are:

    * 0 -- disable, do not draw a line
    * 1 -- draw the line above folded text
    * 2 -- draw the line below folded text

    *Example:* ``folding_horiz_line=0;0;false;false``

line_wrap_visuals
    First argument: drawing of visual flags to indicate a line is wrapped.
    This is a bitmask of the values:

    * 0 -- No visual flags
    * 1 -- Visual flag at end of subline of a wrapped line
    * 2 -- Visual flag at begin of subline of a wrapped line. Subline is
      indented by at least 1 to make room for the flag.

    Second argument: wether the visual flags to indicate a line is wrapped
    are drawn near the border or near the text. This is a bitmask of the values:

    * 0 -- Visual flags drawn near border
    * 1 -- Visual flag at end of subline drawn near text
    * 2 -- Visual flag at begin of subline drawn near text

    Only first and second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``line_wrap_visuals=3;0;false;false``

line_wrap_indent
    First argument: sets the size of indentation of sublines for wrapped lines
    in terms of the width of a space, only used when the second argument is ``0``.

    Second argument: wrapped sublines can be indented to the position of their
    first subline or one more indent level. Possible values:

    * 0 - Wrapped sublines aligned to left of window plus amount set by the first argument
    * 1 - Wrapped sublines are aligned to first subline indent (use the same indentation)
    * 2 - Wrapped sublines are aligned to first subline indent plus one more level of indentation

    Only first and second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``line_wrap_indent=0;1;false;false``

translucency
    Translucency for the current line (first argument) and the selection
    (second argument). Values between 0 and 256 are accepted.

    Note for Windows 95, 98 and ME users:
    keep this value at 256 to disable translucency otherwise Geany might crash.

    Only the first and second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``translucency=256;256;false;false``

marker_line
    The style for a highlighted line (e.g when using Goto line or goto symbol).
    The foreground color (first argument) is only used when the Markers margin
    is enabled (see View menu).

    Only the first and second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``marker_line=0x000000;0xffff00;false;false``

marker_search
    The style for a marked search results (when using "Mark" in Search dialogs).
    The second argument sets the background color for the drawn rectangle.

    Only the second argument is interpreted.

    *Example:* ``marker_search=0x000000;0xb8f4b8;false;false``

marker_mark
    The style for a marked line (e.g when using the "Toggle Marker" keybinding
    (Ctrl-M)). The foreground color (first argument) is only used
    when the Markers margin is enabled (see View menu).

    Only the first and second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``marker_mark=0x000000;0xb8f4b8;false;false``

marker_translucency
    Translucency for the line marker (first argument) and the search marker
    (second argument). Values between 0 and 256 are accepted.

    Note for Windows 95, 98 and ME users:
    keep this value at 256 to disable translucency otherwise Geany might crash.

    Only the first and second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``marker_translucency=256;256;false;false``

line_height
    Amount of space to be drawn above and below the line's baseline.
    The first argument defines the amount of space to be drawn above the line, the second
    argument defines the amount of space to be drawn below.

    Only the first and second arguments are interpreted.

    *Example:* ``line_height=0;0;false;false``

calltips
    The style for coloring the calltips. The first two arguments
    define the foreground and background colors, the third and fourth
    arguments set whether to use the defined colors.

    *Example:* ``calltips=0xc0c0c0;0xffffff;false;false``


[settings] section
``````````````````
whitespace_chars
    Characters to treat as whitespace. These characters are ignored
    when moving, selecting and deleting across word boundaries
    (see `Scintilla keyboard commands`_).

    This should include space (\\s) and tab (\\t).

    *Example:* ``whitespace_chars=\s\t!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^`{|}~``

wordchars
    These characters define word boundaries when making selections
    and searching using word matching options.

    *Example:* ``wordchars=_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789``

    .. note::
        This has precedence over the *whitespace_chars* setting.



Filetype extensions
-------------------

.. note::
    To change the default filetype extension used when saving a new file,
    see `Filetype definition files`_.

You can override the list of file extensions that Geany uses to detect
filetypes using the user ``filetype_extensions.conf`` file. Use the
*Tools->Configuration Files->filetype_extensions.conf* menu item. See
also `Configuration file paths`_.

You should only list lines for filetype extensions that you want to
override in the user configuration file and remove or comment out
others. The patterns are listed after the ``=`` sign, using a
semi-colon separated list of patterns which should be matched for
that filetype.

For example, to override the filetype extensions for Make, the file
should look like::

    [Extensions]
    Make=Makefile*;*.mk;Buildfile;

Filetype group membership
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Group membership is also stored in ``filetype_extensions.conf``. This
file is used to store information Geany needs at startup, whereas the
separate filetype definition files hold information only needed when
a document with their filetype is used.

The format looks like::

    [Groups]
    Programming=C;C++;
    Script=Perl;Python;
    Markup=HTML;XML;
    Misc=Diff;Conf;
    None=None;

The key names cannot be configured.

.. note::
    Group membership is only read at startup.

Preferences file format
-----------------------

The user preferences file ``geany.conf`` holds settings for all the items configured
in the preferences dialog. This file should not be edited while Geany is running
as the file will be overwritten when the preferences in Geany are changed or Geany
is quit.


[build-menu] section
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The [build-menu] section contains the configuration of the build menu.
This section can occur in filetype, preferences and project files and
always has the format described here.  Different menu items are loaded
from different files, see the table in the `Build Menu Configuration`_
section for details.  All the settings can be configured from the dialogs
except the execute command in filetype files and filetype definitions in
the project file, so these are the only ones which need hand editing.

The build-menu section stores one entry for each setting for each menu item that
is configured.  The keys for these settings have the format:

  ``GG_NN_FF``

where:

* GG - is the menu item group,

  - FT for filetype
  - NF for independent (non-filetype)
  - EX for execute

* NN - is a two decimal digit number of the item within the group,
  starting at 00
* FF - is the field,

  - LB for label
  - CM for command
  - WD for working directory


Project file format
-------------------

The project file contains project related settings and possibly a
record of the current session files.


[build-menu] additions
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The project file also can have extra fields in the [build-menu] section
in addition to those listed in `[build-menu] section`_ above.

When filetype menu items are configured for the project they are stored
in the project file.

The ``filetypes`` entry is a list of the filetypes which exist in the
project file.

For each filetype the entries for that filetype have the format defined in
`[build-menu] section`_ but the key is prefixed by the name of the filetype
as it appears in the ``filetypes`` entry, eg the entry for the label of
filetype menu item 0 for the C filetype would be

  ``CFT_00_LB=Label``


Templates
---------

Geany supports the following templates:

* ChangeLog entry
* File header
* Function description
* Short GPL notice
* Short BSD notice
* File templates

To use these templates, just open the Edit menu or open the popup menu
by right-clicking in the editor widget, and choose "Insert Comments"
and insert templates as you want.

Some templates (like File header or ChangeLog entry) will always be
inserted at the top of the file.

To insert a function description, the cursor must be inside
of the function, so that the function name can be determined
automatically. The description will be positioned correctly one line
above the function, just check it out. If the cursor is not inside
of a function or the function name cannot be determined, the inserted
function description won't contain the correct function name but "unknown"
instead.

.. note::
    Geany automatically reloads template information when it notices you
    save a file in the user's template configuration directory. You can
    also force this by selecting *Tools->Reload Configuration*.


Template meta data
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Meta data can be used with all templates, but by default user set
meta data is only used for the ChangeLog and File header templates.

In the configuration dialog you can find a tab "Templates" (see
`Template preferences`_). You can define the default values
which will be inserted in the templates.


File templates
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

File templates are templates used as the basis of a new file. To
use them, choose the *New (with Template)* menu item from the *File*
menu.

By default, file templates are installed for some filetypes. Custom
file templates can be added by creating the appropriate template file. You can
also edit the default file templates.

The file's contents are just the text to place in the document, with
optional template wildcards like ``{fileheader}``. The fileheader
wildcard can be placed anywhere, but it's usually put on the first
line of the file, followed by a blank line.

Adding file templates
`````````````````````

File templates are read from ``templates/files`` under the
`Configuration file paths`_.

The filetype to use is detected from the template file's extension, if
any. For example, creating a file ``module.c`` would add a menu item
which created a new document with the filetype set to 'C'.

The template file is read from disk when the corresponding menu item is
clicked.


Customizing templates
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Each template can be customized to your needs. The templates are
stored in the ``~/.config/geany/templates/`` directory (see the section called
`Command line options`_ for further information about the configuration
directory). Just open the desired template with an editor (ideally,
Geany ;-) ) and edit the template to your needs. There are some
wildcards which will be automatically replaced by Geany at startup.


Template wildcards
``````````````````

All wildcards must be enclosed by "{" and "}", e.g. {date}.

**Wildcards for character escaping**

============== ============================================= =======================================
Wildcard       Description                                   Available in
============== ============================================= =======================================
ob             { Opening Brace (used to prevent other        file templates, file header, snippets.
               wildcards being expanded).
cb             } Closing Brace.                              file templates, file header, snippets.
pc             \% Percent (used to escape e.g. %block% in
               snippets).                                    snippets.
============== ============================================= =======================================

**Global wildcards**

These are configurable, see `Template preferences`_.

============== ============================================= =======================================
Wildcard       Description                                   Available in
============== ============================================= =======================================
developer      The name of the developer.                    file templates, file header,
                                                             function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.

initial        The developer's initials, e.g. "ET" for       file templates, file header,
               Enrico Tröger or "JFD" for John Foobar Doe.   function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.

mail           The email address of the developer.           file templates, file header,
                                                             function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.

company        The company the developer is working for.     file templates, file header,
                                                             function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.

version        The initial version of a new file.            file templates, file header,
                                                             function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.
============== ============================================= =======================================

**Date & time wildcards**

The format for these wildcards can be changed in the preferences
dialog, see `Template preferences`_. You can use any conversion
specifiers which can be used with the ANSI C strftime function.
For details please see http://man.cx/strftime.

============== ============================================= =======================================
Wildcard       Description                                   Available in
============== ============================================= =======================================
year           The current year. Default format is: YYYY.    file templates, file header,
                                                             function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.

date           The current date. Default format:             file templates, file header,
               YYYY-MM-DD.                                   function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.

datetime       The current date and time. Default format:    file templates, file header,
               DD.MM.YYYY HH:mm:ss ZZZZ.                     function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.
============== ============================================= =======================================

**Dynamic wildcards**

============== ============================================= =======================================
Wildcard       Description                                   Available in
============== ============================================= =======================================
untitled       The string "untitled" (this will be           file templates, file header,
               translated to your locale), used in           function description, ChangeLog entry,
               file templates.                               bsd, gpl, snippets.

geanyversion   The actual Geany version, e.g.                file templates, file header,
               "Geany |(version)|".                          function description, ChangeLog entry,
                                                             bsd, gpl, snippets.

filename       The filename of the current file.             file header, snippets, file
               For new files, it's only replaced when        templates.
               first saving if found on the first 4 lines
               of the file.

project        The current project's name, if any.           file header, snippets, file templates.

description    The current project's description, if any.    file header, snippets, file templates.

functionname   The function name of the function at the      function description.
               cursor position. This wildcard will only be
               replaced in the function description
               template.

command:path   Executes the specified command and replace    file templates, file header,
               the wildcard with the command's standard      function description, ChangeLog entry,
               output. See `Special {command:} wildcard`_    bsd, gpl, snippets.
               for details.
============== ============================================= =======================================

**Template insertion wildcards**

============== ============================================= =======================================
Wildcard       Description                                   Available in
============== ============================================= =======================================
gpl            This wildcard inserts a short GPL notice.     file header.

bsd            This wildcard inserts a BSD licence notice.   file header.

fileheader     The file header template. This wildcard       snippets, file templates.
               will only be replaced in file templates.
============== ============================================= =======================================


Special {command:} wildcard
***************************

The {command:} wildcard is a special one because it can execute
a specified command and put the command's output (stdout) into
the template.

Example::

    {command:uname -a}

will result in::

    Linux localhost 2.6.9-023stab046.2-smp #1 SMP Mon Dec 10 15:04:55 MSK 2007 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Using this wildcard you can insert nearly any arbitrary text into the
template.

In the environment of the executed command the variables
``GEANY_FILENAME``, ``GEANY_FILETYPE`` and ``GEANY_FUNCNAME`` are set.
The value of these variables is filled in only if Geany knows about it.
For example, ``GEANY_FUNCNAME`` is only filled within the function
description template. However, these variables are ``always`` set,
just maybe with an empty value.
You can easily access them e.g. within an executed shell script using::

    $GEANY_FILENAME


.. note::
    If the specified command could not be found or not executed, the wildcard is substituted
    by an empty string. In such cases, you can find the occurred error message on Geany's
    standard error and in the Help->Debug Messages dialog.


Customizing the toolbar
-----------------------

You can add, remove and reorder the elements in the toolbar by using
the toolbar editor, or by manually editing the configuration file
``ui_toolbar.xml``.

The toolbar editor can be opened from the preferences editor on the Toolbar tab or
by right-clicking on the toolbar itself and choosing it from the menu.

Manually editing the toolbar layout
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To override the system-wide configuration file, copy it to your user
configuration directory (see `Configuration file paths`_).

For example::

    % cp /usr/local/share/geany/ui_toolbar.xml /home/username/.config/geany/

Then edit it and add any of the available elements listed in the file or remove
any of the existing elements. Of course, you can also reorder the elements as
you wish and add or remove additional separators.
This file must be valid XML, otherwise the global toolbar UI definition
will be used instead.

Your changes are applied once you save the file.

.. note::
    (1) You cannot add new actions which are not listed below.
    (2) Everything you add or change must be inside the /ui/toolbar/ path.


Available toolbar elements
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

================== ==============================================================================
Element name       Description
================== ==============================================================================
New                Create a new file
Open               Open an existing file
Save               Save the current file
SaveAll            Save all open files
Reload             Reload the current file from disk
Close              Close the current file
CloseAll           Close all open files
Print              Print the current file
Cut                Cut the current selection
Copy               Copy the current selection
Paste              Paste the contents of the clipboard
Delete             Delete the current selection
Undo               Undo the last modification
Redo               Redo the last modification
NavBack            Navigate back a location
NavFor             Navigate forward a location
Compile            Compile the current file
Build              Build the current file, includes a submenu for Make commands. Geany
                   remembers the last chosen action from the submenu and uses this as default
                   action when the button itself is clicked.
Run                Run or view the current file
Color              Open a color chooser dialog, to interactively pick colors from a palette
ZoomIn             Zoom in the text
ZoomOut            Zoom out the text
UnIndent           Decrease indentation
Indent             Increase indentation
Replace            Replace text in the current document
SearchEntry        The search field belonging to the 'Search' element (can be used alone)
Search             Find the entered text in the current file (only useful if you also
                   use 'SearchEntry')
GotoEntry          The goto field belonging to the 'Goto' element (can be used alone)
Goto               Jump to the entered line number (only useful if you also use 'GotoEntry')
Preferences        Show the preferences dialog
Quit               Quit Geany
================== ==============================================================================



Plugin documentation
====================

HTML Characters
---------------

The HTML Characters plugin helps when working with special
characters in XML/HTML, e.g. German Umlauts ü and ä.


Insert entity dialog
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

When the plugin is enabled, you can insert special character
entities using *Tools->Insert Special HTML Characters*.

This opens up a dialog where you can find a huge amount of special
characters sorted by category that you might like to use inside your
document. You can expand and collapse the categories by clicking on
the little arrow on the left hand side. Once you have found the
desired character click on it and choose "Insert". This will insert
the entity for the character at the current cursor position. You
might also like to double click the chosen entity instead.


Replace special chars by its entity
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To help make a XML/HTML document valid the plugin supports
replacement of special chars known by the plugin. Both bulk
replacement and immediate replacement during typing are supported.

A few characters will not be replaced. These are
        * "
        * &
        * <
        * >
        *   (`&nbsp;`)


At typing time
``````````````

You can activate/deactivate this feature using the *Tools->HTML
Replacement->Auto-replace Special Characters* menu item. If it's
activated, all special characters (beside the given exceptions from
above) known by the plugin will be replaced by their entities.

You could also set a keybinding for the plugin to toggle the status
of this feature.


Bulk replacement
````````````````

After inserting a huge amount of text, e.g. by using copy & paste, the
plugin allows bulk replacement of all known characters (beside the
mentioned exceptions). You can find the function under the same
menu at *Tools->HTML Replacement->Replace Characters in Selection*, or
configure a keybinding for the plugin.


Save Actions
------------

Auto Save
^^^^^^^^^

This plugin provides an option to automatically save documents.
You can choose to save the current document, or all of your documents, at
a given delay.


Save on focus out
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

You can save the current document when the editor's focus goes out.
Every pop-up, menu dialogs, or anything else that can make the editor lose the focus,
will make the current document to be saved.


Instant Save
^^^^^^^^^^^^
This plugin sets on every new file (*File->New* or *File->New (with template)*)
a randomly chosen filename and set its filetype appropriate to the used template
or when no template was used, to a configurable default filetype.
This enables you to quickly compile, build and/or run the new file without the
need to give it an explicit filename using the Save As dialog. This might be
useful when you often create new files just for testing some code or something
similar.


Backup Copy
^^^^^^^^^^^

This plugin creates a backup copy of the current file in Geany when it is
saved. You can specify the directory where the backup copy is saved and
you can configure the automatically added extension in the configure dialog
in Geany's plugin manager.

After the plugin was loaded in Geany's plugin manager, every file is
copied into the configured backup directory *after* the file has been saved
in Geany.

The created backup copy file permissions are set to read-write only for
the user. This should help to not create world-readable files on possibly
unsecure destination directories like /tmp (especially useful
on multi-user systems).
This applies only to non-Windows systems. On Windows, no explicit file
permissions are set.


Additionally, you can define how many levels of the original file's
directory structure should be replicated in the backup copy path.
For example, setting the option
*Directory levels to include in the backup destination* to *2*
cause the plugin to create the last two components of the original
file's path in the backup copy path and place the new file there.


Contributing to this document
=============================

This document (``geany.txt``) is written in `reStructuredText`__
(or "reST"). The source file for it is located in Geany's ``doc``
subdirectory.  If you intend on making changes, you should grab the
source right from Git to make sure you've got the newest version.
First, you need to configure the build system to generate the HTML
documentation passing the *--enable-html-docs* option to the *configure*
script. Then after editing the file, run ``make`` (from the root build
directory or from the *doc* subdirectory) to build the HTML documentation
and see how your changes look. This regenerates the ``geany.html`` file
inside the *doc* subdirectory. To generate a PDF file, configure with
*--enable-pdf-docs* and run ``make`` as for the HTML version. The generated
PDF file is named geany-|(version)|.pdf and is located inside the *doc*
subdirectory.

__ http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html

After you are happy with your changes, create a patch e.g. by using::

    % git diff geany.txt > foo.patch

or even better, by creating a Git-formatted patch which will keep authoring
and description data, by first committing your changes (doing so in a fresh
new branch is recommended for `master` not to diverge from upstream) and then
using git format-patch::

    % git checkout -b my-documentation-changes # create a fresh branch
    % git commit geany.txt
    Write a good commit message...
    % git format-patch HEAD^
    % git checkout master # go back to master

and then submit that file to the mailing list for review.

Also you can clone the Geany repository at GitHub and send a pull request.

Note, you will need the Python docutils software package installed
to build the docs. The package is named ``python-docutils`` on Debian
and Fedora systems.




Scintilla keyboard commands
===========================

Copyright © 1998, 2006 Neil Hodgson <neilh(at)scintilla(dot)org>

This appendix is distributed under the terms of the License for
Scintilla and SciTE. A copy of this license can be found in the file
``scintilla/License.txt`` included with the source code of this
program and in the appendix of this document. See `License for
Scintilla and SciTE`_.

20 June 2006



Keyboard commands
-----------------

Keyboard commands for Scintilla mostly follow common Windows and GTK+
conventions. All move keys (arrows, page up/down, home and end)
allows to extend or reduce the stream selection when holding the
Shift key, and the rectangular selection when holding the
appropriate keys (see `Column mode editing (rectangular selections)`_).

Some keys may not be available with some national keyboards
or because they are taken by the system such as by a window manager
or GTK. Keyboard equivalents of menu commands are listed in the
menus. Some less common commands with no menu equivalent are:

=============================================   ======================
Action                                          Shortcut key
=============================================   ======================
Magnify text size.                              Ctrl-Keypad+
Reduce text size.                               Ctrl-Keypad-
Restore text size to normal.                    Ctrl-Keypad/
Indent block.                                   Tab
Dedent block.                                   Shift-Tab
Delete to start of word.                        Ctrl-BackSpace
Delete to end of word.                          Ctrl-Delete
Delete to start of line.                        Ctrl-Shift-BackSpace
Go to start of document.                        Ctrl-Home
Extend selection to start of document.          Ctrl-Shift-Home
Go to start of display line.                    Alt-Home
Extend selection to start of display line.      Alt-Shift-Home
Go to end of document.                          Ctrl-End
Extend selection to end of document.            Ctrl-Shift-End
Extend selection to end of display line.        Alt-Shift-End
Previous paragraph. Shift extends selection.    Ctrl-Up
Next paragraph. Shift extends selection.        Ctrl-Down
Previous word. Shift extends selection.         Ctrl-Left
Next word. Shift extends selection.             Ctrl-Right
=============================================   ======================




Tips and tricks
===============

Document notebook
-----------------

* Double-click on empty space in the notebook tab bar to open a
  new document.
* Middle-click on a document's notebook tab to close the document.
* Hold `Ctrl` and click on any notebook tab to switch to the last used
  document.
* Double-click on a document's notebook tab to toggle all additional
  widgets (to show them again use the View menu or the keyboard
  shortcut). The interface pref must be enabled for this to work.

Editor
------

* Alt-scroll wheel moves up/down a page.
* Ctrl-scroll wheel zooms in/out.
* Shift-scroll wheel scrolls 8 characters right/left.
* Ctrl-click on a word in a document to perform *Go to Symbol Definition*.
* Ctrl-click on a bracket/brace to perform *Go to Matching Brace*.

Interface
---------

* Double-click on a symbol-list group to expand or compact it.

GTK-related
-----------

* Scrolling the mouse wheel over a notebook tab bar will switch
  notebook pages.

The following are derived from X-Windows features (but GTK still supports
them on Windows):

* Middle-click pastes the last selected text.
* Middle-click on a scrollbar moves the scrollbar to that
  position without having to drag it.



Compile-time options
====================

There are some options which can only be changed at compile time,
and some options which are used as the default for configurable
options. To change these options, edit the appropriate source file
in the ``src`` subdirectory. Look for a block of lines starting with
``#define GEANY_*``. Any definitions which are not listed here should
not be changed.

.. note::
    Most users should not need to change these options.

src/geany.h
-----------

==============================  ============================================  ==================
Option                          Description                                   Default
==============================  ============================================  ==================
GEANY_STRING_UNTITLED           A string used as the default name for new     untitled
                                files. Be aware that the string can be
                                translated, so change it only if you know
                                what you are doing.
GEANY_WINDOW_MINIMAL_WIDTH      The minimal width of the main window.         620
GEANY_WINDOW_MINIMAL_HEIGHT     The minimal height of the main window.        440
GEANY_WINDOW_DEFAULT_WIDTH      The default width of the main window at the   900
                                first start.
GEANY_WINDOW_DEFAULT_HEIGHT     The default height of the main window at the  600
                                first start.
 **Windows specific**
GEANY_USE_WIN32_DIALOG          Set this to 1 if you want to use the default  0
                                Windows file open and save dialogs instead
                                GTK's file open and save dialogs. The
                                default Windows file dialogs are missing
                                some nice features like choosing a filetype
                                or an encoding. *Do not touch this setting
                                when building on a non-Win32 system.*
==============================  ============================================  ==================

project.h
---------

==============================  ============================================  ==================
Option                          Description                                   Default
==============================  ============================================  ==================
GEANY_PROJECT_EXT               The default filename extension for Geany      geany
                                project files. It is used when creating new
                                projects and as filter mask for the project
                                open dialog.
==============================  ============================================  ==================

filetypes.c
-----------

==============================  ============================================  ==================
Option                          Description                                   Default
==============================  ============================================  ==================
GEANY_FILETYPE_SEARCH_LINES     The number of lines to search for the         2
                                filetype with the extract filetype regex.
==============================  ============================================  ==================

editor.h
--------

==============================  ============================================  ==================
Option                          Description                                   Default
==============================  ============================================  ==================
GEANY_WORDCHARS                 These characters define word boundaries when  a string with:
                                making selections and searching using word    a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and
                                matching options.                             underscore.
==============================  ============================================  ==================

keyfile.c
---------

These are default settings that can be overridden in the `Preferences`_ dialog.

==============================  ============================================  ==================
Option                          Description                                   Default
==============================  ============================================  ==================
GEANY_MIN_SYMBOLLIST_CHARS      How many characters you need to type to       4
                                trigger the autocompletion list.
GEANY_DISK_CHECK_TIMEOUT        Time in seconds between checking a file for   30
                                external changes.
GEANY_DEFAULT_TOOLS_MAKE        The make tool. This can also include a path.  "make"
GEANY_DEFAULT_TOOLS_TERMINAL    A terminal emulator command, see              See below.
                                `Terminal emulators`_.
GEANY_DEFAULT_TOOLS_BROWSER     A web browser. This can also include a path.  "firefox"
GEANY_DEFAULT_TOOLS_PRINTCMD    A printing tool. It should be able to accept  "lpr"
                                and process plain text files. This can also
                                include a path.
GEANY_DEFAULT_TOOLS_GREP        A grep tool. It should be compatible with     "grep"
                                GNU grep. This can also include a path.
GEANY_DEFAULT_MRU_LENGTH        The length of the "Recent files" list.        10
GEANY_DEFAULT_FONT_SYMBOL_LIST  The font used in sidebar to show symbols and  "Sans 9"
                                open files.
GEANY_DEFAULT_FONT_MSG_WINDOW   The font used in the messages window.         "Sans 9"
GEANY_DEFAULT_FONT_EDITOR       The font used in the editor window.           "Monospace 10"
GEANY_TOGGLE_MARK               A string which is used to mark a toggled      "~ "
                                comment.
GEANY_MAX_AUTOCOMPLETE_WORDS    How many autocompletion suggestions should    30
                                Geany provide.
GEANY_DEFAULT_FILETYPE_REGEX    The default regex to extract filetypes from   See below.
                                files.
==============================  ============================================  ==================

The GEANY_DEFAULT_FILETYPE_REGEX default value is  -\\*-\\s*([^\\s]+)\\s*-\\*- which finds Emacs filetypes.

The GEANY_DEFAULT_TOOLS_TERMINAL default value on Windows is::

    cmd.exe /Q /C %c

and on any non-Windows system is::

    xterm -e "/bin/sh %c"


build.c
-------

==============================  ============================================  ==================
Option                          Description                                   Default
==============================  ============================================  ==================
GEANY_BUILD_ERR_HIGHLIGHT_MAX   Amount of build error indicators to           50
                                be shown in the editor window.
                                This affects the special coloring
                                when Geany detects a compiler output line as
                                an error message and then highlights the
                                corresponding line in the source code.
                                Usually only the first few messages are
                                interesting because following errors are
                                just after-effects.
                                All errors in the Compiler window are parsed
                                and unaffected by this value.
PRINTBUILDCMDS                  Every time a build menu item priority         FALSE
                                calculation is run, print the state of the
                                menu item table in the form of the table
                                in `Build Menu Configuration`_.  May be
                                useful to debug configuration file
                                overloading.  Warning produces a lot of
                                output.  Can also be enabled/disabled by the
                                debugger by setting printbuildcmds to 1/0
                                overriding the compile setting.
==============================  ============================================  ==================



GNU General Public License
==========================

::

                GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                   Version 2, June 1991

     Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
        51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

                    Preamble

      The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
    freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
    License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
    software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
    General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
    Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
    using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
    the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
    your programs, too.

      When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
    price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
    have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
    this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
    if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
    in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

      To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
    anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
    These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
    distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

      For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
    gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
    you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
    source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
    rights.

      We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
    (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
    distribute and/or modify the software.

      Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
    that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
    software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
    want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
    that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
    authors' reputations.

      Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
    patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
    program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
    program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
    patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

      The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
    modification follow.

                GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
       TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

      0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
    a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
    under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
    refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
    means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
    that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
    either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
    language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
    the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

    Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
    covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
    running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
    is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
    Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
    Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

      1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
    source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
    conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
    copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
    notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
    and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
    along with the Program.

    You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
    you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

      2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
    of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
    distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
    above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

        a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
        stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

        b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
        whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
        part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
        parties under the terms of this License.

        c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
        when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
        interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
        announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
        notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
        a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
        these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
        License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
        does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
        the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

    These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
    identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
    and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
    themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
    sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
    distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
    on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
    this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
    entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

    Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
    your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
    exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
    collective works based on the Program.

    In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
    with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
    a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
    the scope of this License.

      3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
    under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
    Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

        a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
        source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
        1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

        b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
        years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
        cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
        machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
        distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
        customarily used for software interchange; or,

        c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
        to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
        allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
        received the program in object code or executable form with such
        an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

    The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
    making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
    code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
    associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
    control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
    special exception, the source code distributed need not include
    anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
    form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
    operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
    itself accompanies the executable.

    If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
    access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
    access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
    distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
    compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

      4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
    except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
    otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
    void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
    However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
    this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
    parties remain in full compliance.

      5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
    signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
    distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
    prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
    modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
    Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
    all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
    the Program or works based on it.

      6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
    Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
    original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
    these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
    restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
    You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
    this License.

      7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
    infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
    conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
    otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
    excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
    distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
    License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
    may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
    license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
    all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
    the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
    refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

    If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
    any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
    apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
    circumstances.

    It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
    patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
    such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
    integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
    implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
    generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
    through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
    system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
    to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
    impose that choice.

    This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
    be a consequence of the rest of this License.

      8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
    certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
    original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
    may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
    those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
    countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
    the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

      9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
    of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
    be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
    address new problems or concerns.

    Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
    specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
    later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
    either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
    Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
    this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
    Foundation.

      10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
    programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
    to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
    Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
    make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
    of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
    of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

                    NO WARRANTY

      11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
    FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
    OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
    PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
    OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
    TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
    PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
    REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

      12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
    WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
    REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
    INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
    OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
    TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
    YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
    PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
    POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

                 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

      If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
    possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
    free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

      To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
    to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
    convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
    the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

        <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
        Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

        This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
        it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
        the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
        (at your option) any later version.

        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
        but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
        GNU General Public License for more details.

        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
        with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
        51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.


    Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

    If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
    when it starts in an interactive mode:

        Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year  name of author
        Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

    The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
    parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
    be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
    mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

    You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
    school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
    necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

      Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
      `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

      <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
      Ty Coon, President of Vice

    This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
    proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
    consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
    library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
    Public License instead of this License.




License for Scintilla and SciTE
===============================

Copyright 1998-2003 by Neil Hodgson <neilh(at)scintilla(dot)org>

All Rights Reserved

Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
supporting documentation.

NEIL HODGSON DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
NO EVENT SHALL NEIL HODGSON BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.