sys/kern/vfs_default.c

   1 /*-
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This code is derived from software contributed
   6  * to Berkeley by John Heidemann of the UCLA Ficus project.
   7  *
   8  * Source: * @(#)i405_init.c 2.10 92/04/27 UCLA Ficus project
   9  *
  10  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  11  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  12  * are met:
  13  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  15  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  16  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  17  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  18  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  19  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  20  *    without specific prior written permission.
  21  *
  22  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  23  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  24  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  25  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  26  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  27  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  28  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  29  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  30  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  31  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  32  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  33  */
  34
  35 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  36 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  37
  38 #include <sys/param.h>
  39 #include <sys/systm.h>
  40 #include <sys/bio.h>
  41 #include <sys/buf.h>
  42 #include <sys/conf.h>
  43 #include <sys/event.h>
  44 #include <sys/kernel.h>
  45 #include <sys/limits.h>
  46 #include <sys/lock.h>
  47 #include <sys/lockf.h>
  48 #include <sys/malloc.h>
  49 #include <sys/mount.h>
  50 #include <sys/mutex.h>
  51 #include <sys/unistd.h>
  52 #include <sys/vnode.h>
  53 #include <sys/poll.h>
  54
  55 #include <vm/vm.h>
  56 #include <vm/vm_object.h>
  57 #include <vm/vm_extern.h>
  58 #include <vm/pmap.h>
  59 #include <vm/vm_map.h>
  60 #include <vm/vm_page.h>
  61 #include <vm/vm_pager.h>
  62 #include <vm/vnode_pager.h>
  63
  64 static int      vop_nolookup(struct vop_lookup_args *);
  65 static int      vop_nostrategy(struct vop_strategy_args *);
  66
  67 /*
  68  * This vnode table stores what we want to do if the filesystem doesn't
  69  * implement a particular VOP.
  70  *
  71  * If there is no specific entry here, we will return EOPNOTSUPP.
  72  *
  73  */
  74
  75 struct vop_vector default_vnodeops = {
  76         .vop_default =          NULL,
  77         .vop_bypass =           VOP_EOPNOTSUPP,
  78
  79         .vop_advlock =          vop_stdadvlock,
  80         .vop_advlockasync =     vop_stdadvlockasync,
  81         .vop_bmap =             vop_stdbmap,
  82         .vop_close =            VOP_NULL,
  83         .vop_fsync =            VOP_NULL,
  84         .vop_getpages =         vop_stdgetpages,
  85         .vop_getwritemount =    vop_stdgetwritemount,
  86         .vop_inactive =         VOP_NULL,
  87         .vop_ioctl =            VOP_ENOTTY,
  88         .vop_kqfilter =         vop_stdkqfilter,
  89         .vop_islocked =         vop_stdislocked,
  90         .vop_lease =            VOP_NULL,
  91         .vop_lock1 =            vop_stdlock,
  92         .vop_lookup =           vop_nolookup,
  93         .vop_open =             VOP_NULL,
  94         .vop_pathconf =         VOP_EINVAL,
  95         .vop_poll =             vop_nopoll,
  96         .vop_putpages =         vop_stdputpages,
  97         .vop_readlink =         VOP_EINVAL,
  98         .vop_revoke =           VOP_PANIC,
  99         .vop_strategy =         vop_nostrategy,
 100         .vop_unlock =           vop_stdunlock,
 101         .vop_vptofh =           vop_stdvptofh,
 102 };
 103
 104 /*
 105  * Series of placeholder functions for various error returns for
 106  * VOPs.
 107  */
 108
 109 int
 110 vop_eopnotsupp(struct vop_generic_args *ap)
 111 {
 112         /*
 113         printf("vop_notsupp[%s]\n", ap->a_desc->vdesc_name);
 114         */
 115
 116         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 117 }
 118
 119 int
 120 vop_ebadf(struct vop_generic_args *ap)
 121 {
 122
 123         return (EBADF);
 124 }
 125
 126 int
 127 vop_enotty(struct vop_generic_args *ap)
 128 {
 129
 130         return (ENOTTY);
 131 }
 132
 133 int
 134 vop_einval(struct vop_generic_args *ap)
 135 {
 136
 137         return (EINVAL);
 138 }
 139
 140 int
 141 vop_null(struct vop_generic_args *ap)
 142 {
 143
 144         return (0);
 145 }
 146
 147 /*
 148  * Helper function to panic on some bad VOPs in some filesystems.
 149  */
 150 int
 151 vop_panic(struct vop_generic_args *ap)
 152 {
 153
 154         panic("filesystem goof: vop_panic[%s]", ap->a_desc->vdesc_name);
 155 }
 156
 157 /*
 158  * vop_std<something> and vop_no<something> are default functions for use by
 159  * filesystems that need the "default reasonable" implementation for a
 160  * particular operation.
 161  *
 162  * The documentation for the operations they implement exists (if it exists)
 163  * in the VOP_<SOMETHING>(9) manpage (all uppercase).
 164  */
 165
 166 /*
 167  * Default vop for filesystems that do not support name lookup
 168  */
 169 static int
 170 vop_nolookup(ap)
 171         struct vop_lookup_args /* {
 172                 struct vnode *a_dvp;
 173                 struct vnode **a_vpp;
 174                 struct componentname *a_cnp;
 175         } */ *ap;
 176 {
 177
 178         *ap->a_vpp = NULL;
 179         return (ENOTDIR);
 180 }
 181
 182 /*
 183  *      vop_nostrategy:
 184  *
 185  *      Strategy routine for VFS devices that have none.
 186  *
 187  *      BIO_ERROR and B_INVAL must be cleared prior to calling any strategy
 188  *      routine.  Typically this is done for a BIO_READ strategy call.
 189  *      Typically B_INVAL is assumed to already be clear prior to a write
 190  *      and should not be cleared manually unless you just made the buffer
 191  *      invalid.  BIO_ERROR should be cleared either way.
 192  */
 193
 194 static int
 195 vop_nostrategy (struct vop_strategy_args *ap)
 196 {
 197         printf("No strategy for buffer at %p\n", ap->a_bp);
 198         vprint("vnode", ap->a_vp);
 199         ap->a_bp->b_ioflags |= BIO_ERROR;
 200         ap->a_bp->b_error = EOPNOTSUPP;
 201         bufdone(ap->a_bp);
 202         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 203 }
 204
 205 /*
 206  * Advisory record locking support
 207  */
 208 int
 209 vop_stdadvlock(struct vop_advlock_args *ap)
 210 {
 211         struct vnode *vp;
 212         struct ucred *cred;
 213         struct vattr vattr;
 214         int error;
 215
 216         vp = ap->a_vp;
 217         cred = curthread->td_ucred;
 218         vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
 219         error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, &vattr, cred);
 220         VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
 221         if (error)
 222                 return (error);
 223
 224         return (lf_advlock(ap, &(vp->v_lockf), vattr.va_size));
 225 }
 226
 227 int
 228 vop_stdadvlockasync(struct vop_advlockasync_args *ap)
 229 {
 230         struct vnode *vp;
 231         struct ucred *cred;
 232         struct vattr vattr;
 233         int error;
 234
 235         vp = ap->a_vp;
 236         cred = curthread->td_ucred;
 237         vn_lock(vp, LK_SHARED | LK_RETRY);
 238         error = VOP_GETATTR(vp, &vattr, cred);
 239         VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
 240         if (error)
 241                 return (error);
 242
 243         return (lf_advlockasync(ap, &(vp->v_lockf), vattr.va_size));
 244 }
 245
 246 /*
 247  * vop_stdpathconf:
 248  *
 249  * Standard implementation of POSIX pathconf, to get information about limits
 250  * for a filesystem.
 251  * Override per filesystem for the case where the filesystem has smaller
 252  * limits.
 253  */
 254 int
 255 vop_stdpathconf(ap)
 256         struct vop_pathconf_args /* {
 257         struct vnode *a_vp;
 258         int a_name;
 259         int *a_retval;
 260         } */ *ap;
 261 {
 262
 263         switch (ap->a_name) {
 264                 case _PC_NAME_MAX:
 265                         *ap->a_retval = NAME_MAX;
 266                         return (0);
 267                 case _PC_PATH_MAX:
 268                         *ap->a_retval = PATH_MAX;
 269                         return (0);
 270                 case _PC_LINK_MAX:
 271                         *ap->a_retval = LINK_MAX;
 272                         return (0);
 273                 case _PC_MAX_CANON:
 274                         *ap->a_retval = MAX_CANON;
 275                         return (0);
 276                 case _PC_MAX_INPUT:
 277                         *ap->a_retval = MAX_INPUT;
 278                         return (0);
 279                 case _PC_PIPE_BUF:
 280                         *ap->a_retval = PIPE_BUF;
 281                         return (0);
 282                 case _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED:
 283                         *ap->a_retval = 1;
 284                         return (0);
 285                 case _PC_VDISABLE:
 286                         *ap->a_retval = _POSIX_VDISABLE;
 287                         return (0);
 288                 default:
 289                         return (EINVAL);
 290         }
 291         /* NOTREACHED */
 292 }
 293
 294 /*
 295  * Standard lock, unlock and islocked functions.
 296  */
 297 int
 298 vop_stdlock(ap)
 299         struct vop_lock1_args /* {
 300                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 301                 int a_flags;
 302                 char *file;
 303                 int line;
 304         } */ *ap;
 305 {
 306         struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
 307
 308         return (_lockmgr_args(vp->v_vnlock, ap->a_flags, VI_MTX(vp),
 309             LK_WMESG_DEFAULT, LK_PRIO_DEFAULT, LK_TIMO_DEFAULT, ap->a_file,
 310             ap->a_line));
 311 }
 312
 313 /* See above. */
 314 int
 315 vop_stdunlock(ap)
 316         struct vop_unlock_args /* {
 317                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 318                 int a_flags;
 319         } */ *ap;
 320 {
 321         struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
 322
 323         return (lockmgr(vp->v_vnlock, ap->a_flags | LK_RELEASE, VI_MTX(vp)));
 324 }
 325
 326 /* See above. */
 327 int
 328 vop_stdislocked(ap)
 329         struct vop_islocked_args /* {
 330                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 331         } */ *ap;
 332 {
 333
 334         return (lockstatus(ap->a_vp->v_vnlock));
 335 }
 336
 337 /*
 338  * Return true for select/poll.
 339  */
 340 int
 341 vop_nopoll(ap)
 342         struct vop_poll_args /* {
 343                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 344                 int  a_events;
 345                 struct ucred *a_cred;
 346                 struct thread *a_td;
 347         } */ *ap;
 348 {
 349         /*
 350          * Return true for read/write.  If the user asked for something
 351          * special, return POLLNVAL, so that clients have a way of
 352          * determining reliably whether or not the extended
 353          * functionality is present without hard-coding knowledge
 354          * of specific filesystem implementations.
 355          * Stay in sync with kern_conf.c::no_poll().
 356          */
 357         if (ap->a_events & ~POLLSTANDARD)
 358                 return (POLLNVAL);
 359
 360         return (ap->a_events & (POLLIN | POLLOUT | POLLRDNORM | POLLWRNORM));
 361 }
 362
 363 /*
 364  * Implement poll for local filesystems that support it.
 365  */
 366 int
 367 vop_stdpoll(ap)
 368         struct vop_poll_args /* {
 369                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 370                 int  a_events;
 371                 struct ucred *a_cred;
 372                 struct thread *a_td;
 373         } */ *ap;
 374 {
 375         if (ap->a_events & ~POLLSTANDARD)
 376                 return (vn_pollrecord(ap->a_vp, ap->a_td, ap->a_events));
 377         return (ap->a_events & (POLLIN | POLLOUT | POLLRDNORM | POLLWRNORM));
 378 }
 379
 380 /*
 381  * Return our mount point, as we will take charge of the writes.
 382  */
 383 int
 384 vop_stdgetwritemount(ap)
 385         struct vop_getwritemount_args /* {
 386                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 387                 struct mount **a_mpp;
 388         } */ *ap;
 389 {
 390         struct mount *mp;
 391
 392         /*
 393          * XXX Since this is called unlocked we may be recycled while
 394          * attempting to ref the mount.  If this is the case or mountpoint
 395          * will be set to NULL.  We only have to prevent this call from
 396          * returning with a ref to an incorrect mountpoint.  It is not
 397          * harmful to return with a ref to our previous mountpoint.
 398          */
 399         mp = ap->a_vp->v_mount;
 400         if (mp != NULL) {
 401                 vfs_ref(mp);
 402                 if (mp != ap->a_vp->v_mount) {
 403                         vfs_rel(mp);
 404                         mp = NULL;
 405                 }
 406         }
 407         *(ap->a_mpp) = mp;
 408         return (0);
 409 }
 410
 411 /* XXX Needs good comment and VOP_BMAP(9) manpage */
 412 int
 413 vop_stdbmap(ap)
 414         struct vop_bmap_args /* {
 415                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 416                 daddr_t  a_bn;
 417                 struct bufobj **a_bop;
 418                 daddr_t *a_bnp;
 419                 int *a_runp;
 420                 int *a_runb;
 421         } */ *ap;
 422 {
 423
 424         if (ap->a_bop != NULL)
 425                 *ap->a_bop = &ap->a_vp->v_bufobj;
 426         if (ap->a_bnp != NULL)
 427                 *ap->a_bnp = ap->a_bn * btodb(ap->a_vp->v_mount->mnt_stat.f_iosize);
 428         if (ap->a_runp != NULL)
 429                 *ap->a_runp = 0;
 430         if (ap->a_runb != NULL)
 431                 *ap->a_runb = 0;
 432         return (0);
 433 }
 434
 435 int
 436 vop_stdfsync(ap)
 437         struct vop_fsync_args /* {
 438                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 439                 struct ucred *a_cred;
 440                 int a_waitfor;
 441                 struct thread *a_td;
 442         } */ *ap;
 443 {
 444         struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
 445         struct buf *bp;
 446         struct bufobj *bo;
 447         struct buf *nbp;
 448         int error = 0;
 449         int maxretry = 1000;     /* large, arbitrarily chosen */
 450
 451         bo = &vp->v_bufobj;
 452         BO_LOCK(bo);
 453 loop1:
 454         /*
 455          * MARK/SCAN initialization to avoid infinite loops.
 456          */
 457         TAILQ_FOREACH(bp, &bo->bo_dirty.bv_hd, b_bobufs) {
 458                 bp->b_vflags &= ~BV_SCANNED;
 459                 bp->b_error = 0;
 460         }
 461
 462         /*
 463          * Flush all dirty buffers associated with a vnode.
 464          */
 465 loop2:
 466         TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(bp, &bo->bo_dirty.bv_hd, b_bobufs, nbp) {
 467                 if ((bp->b_vflags & BV_SCANNED) != 0)
 468                         continue;
 469                 bp->b_vflags |= BV_SCANNED;
 470                 if (BUF_LOCK(bp, LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_NOWAIT, NULL))
 471                         continue;
 472                 BO_UNLOCK(bo);
 473                 KASSERT(bp->b_bufobj == bo,
 474                     ("bp %p wrong b_bufobj %p should be %p",
 475                     bp, bp->b_bufobj, bo));
 476                 if ((bp->b_flags & B_DELWRI) == 0)
 477                         panic("fsync: not dirty");
 478                 if ((vp->v_object != NULL) && (bp->b_flags & B_CLUSTEROK)) {
 479                         vfs_bio_awrite(bp);
 480                 } else {
 481                         bremfree(bp);
 482                         bawrite(bp);
 483                 }
 484                 BO_LOCK(bo);
 485                 goto loop2;
 486         }
 487
 488         /*
 489          * If synchronous the caller expects us to completely resolve all
 490          * dirty buffers in the system.  Wait for in-progress I/O to
 491          * complete (which could include background bitmap writes), then
 492          * retry if dirty blocks still exist.
 493          */
 494         if (ap->a_waitfor == MNT_WAIT) {
 495                 bufobj_wwait(bo, 0, 0);
 496                 if (bo->bo_dirty.bv_cnt > 0) {
 497                         /*
 498                          * If we are unable to write any of these buffers
 499                          * then we fail now rather than trying endlessly
 500                          * to write them out.
 501                          */
 502                         TAILQ_FOREACH(bp, &bo->bo_dirty.bv_hd, b_bobufs)
 503                                 if ((error = bp->b_error) == 0)
 504                                         continue;
 505                         if (error == 0 && --maxretry >= 0)
 506                                 goto loop1;
 507                         error = EAGAIN;
 508                 }
 509         }
 510         BO_UNLOCK(bo);
 511         if (error == EAGAIN)
 512                 vprint("fsync: giving up on dirty", vp);
 513
 514         return (error);
 515 }
 516
 517 /* XXX Needs good comment and more info in the manpage (VOP_GETPAGES(9)). */
 518 int
 519 vop_stdgetpages(ap)
 520         struct vop_getpages_args /* {
 521                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 522                 vm_page_t *a_m;
 523                 int a_count;
 524                 int a_reqpage;
 525                 vm_ooffset_t a_offset;
 526         } */ *ap;
 527 {
 528
 529         return vnode_pager_generic_getpages(ap->a_vp, ap->a_m,
 530             ap->a_count, ap->a_reqpage);
 531 }
 532
 533 int
 534 vop_stdkqfilter(struct vop_kqfilter_args *ap)
 535 {
 536         return vfs_kqfilter(ap);
 537 }
 538
 539 /* XXX Needs good comment and more info in the manpage (VOP_PUTPAGES(9)). */
 540 int
 541 vop_stdputpages(ap)
 542         struct vop_putpages_args /* {
 543                 struct vnode *a_vp;
 544                 vm_page_t *a_m;
 545                 int a_count;
 546                 int a_sync;
 547                 int *a_rtvals;
 548                 vm_ooffset_t a_offset;
 549         } */ *ap;
 550 {
 551
 552         return vnode_pager_generic_putpages(ap->a_vp, ap->a_m, ap->a_count,
 553              ap->a_sync, ap->a_rtvals);
 554 }
 555
 556 int
 557 vop_stdvptofh(struct vop_vptofh_args *ap)
 558 {
 559         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 560 }
 561
 562 /*
 563  * vfs default ops
 564  * used to fill the vfs function table to get reasonable default return values.
 565  */
 566 int
 567 vfs_stdroot (mp, flags, vpp, td)
 568         struct mount *mp;
 569         int flags;
 570         struct vnode **vpp;
 571         struct thread *td;
 572 {
 573
 574         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 575 }
 576
 577 int
 578 vfs_stdstatfs (mp, sbp, td)
 579         struct mount *mp;
 580         struct statfs *sbp;
 581         struct thread *td;
 582 {
 583
 584         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 585 }
 586
 587 int
 588 vfs_stdquotactl (mp, cmds, uid, arg, td)
 589         struct mount *mp;
 590         int cmds;
 591         uid_t uid;
 592         void *arg;
 593         struct thread *td;
 594 {
 595
 596         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 597 }
 598
 599 int
 600 vfs_stdsync(mp, waitfor, td)
 601         struct mount *mp;
 602         int waitfor;
 603         struct thread *td;
 604 {
 605         struct vnode *vp, *mvp;
 606         int error, lockreq, allerror = 0;
 607
 608         lockreq = LK_EXCLUSIVE | LK_INTERLOCK;
 609         if (waitfor != MNT_WAIT)
 610                 lockreq |= LK_NOWAIT;
 611         /*
 612          * Force stale buffer cache information to be flushed.
 613          */
 614         MNT_ILOCK(mp);
 615 loop:
 616         MNT_VNODE_FOREACH(vp, mp, mvp) {
 617                 /* bv_cnt is an acceptable race here. */
 618                 if (vp->v_bufobj.bo_dirty.bv_cnt == 0)
 619                         continue;
 620                 VI_LOCK(vp);
 621                 MNT_IUNLOCK(mp);
 622                 if ((error = vget(vp, lockreq, td)) != 0) {
 623                         MNT_ILOCK(mp);
 624                         if (error == ENOENT) {
 625                                 MNT_VNODE_FOREACH_ABORT_ILOCKED(mp, mvp);
 626                                 goto loop;
 627                         }
 628                         continue;
 629                 }
 630                 error = VOP_FSYNC(vp, waitfor, td);
 631                 if (error)
 632                         allerror = error;
 633
 634                 /* Do not turn this into vput.  td is not always curthread. */
 635                 VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0);
 636                 vrele(vp);
 637                 MNT_ILOCK(mp);
 638         }
 639         MNT_IUNLOCK(mp);
 640         return (allerror);
 641 }
 642
 643 int
 644 vfs_stdnosync (mp, waitfor, td)
 645         struct mount *mp;
 646         int waitfor;
 647         struct thread *td;
 648 {
 649
 650         return (0);
 651 }
 652
 653 int
 654 vfs_stdvget (mp, ino, flags, vpp)
 655         struct mount *mp;
 656         ino_t ino;
 657         int flags;
 658         struct vnode **vpp;
 659 {
 660
 661         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 662 }
 663
 664 int
 665 vfs_stdfhtovp (mp, fhp, vpp)
 666         struct mount *mp;
 667         struct fid *fhp;
 668         struct vnode **vpp;
 669 {
 670
 671         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 672 }
 673
 674 int
 675 vfs_stdinit (vfsp)
 676         struct vfsconf *vfsp;
 677 {
 678
 679         return (0);
 680 }
 681
 682 int
 683 vfs_stduninit (vfsp)
 684         struct vfsconf *vfsp;
 685 {
 686
 687         return(0);
 688 }
 689
 690 int
 691 vfs_stdextattrctl(mp, cmd, filename_vp, attrnamespace, attrname, td)
 692         struct mount *mp;
 693         int cmd;
 694         struct vnode *filename_vp;
 695         int attrnamespace;
 696         const char *attrname;
 697         struct thread *td;
 698 {
 699
 700         if (filename_vp != NULL)
 701                 VOP_UNLOCK(filename_vp, 0);
 702         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 703 }
 704
 705 int
 706 vfs_stdsysctl(mp, op, req)
 707         struct mount *mp;
 708         fsctlop_t op;
 709         struct sysctl_req *req;
 710 {
 711
 712         return (EOPNOTSUPP);
 713 }
 714
 715 /* end of vfs default ops */