sbin/newfs/newfs.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc.
   3  * All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall
   6  * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security
   7  * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR
   8  * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS
   9  * research program.
  10  *
  11  * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994
  12  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
  13  *
  14  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  15  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  16  * are met:
  17  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  18  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  19  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  20  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  21  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  22  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  23  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  24  *    without specific prior written permission.
  25  *
  26  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  27  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  28  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  29  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  30  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  31  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  32  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  33  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  34  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  35  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  36  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  37  */
  38
  39 #if 0
  40 #ifndef lint
  41 static const char copyright[] =
  42 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\
  43         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  44 #endif /* not lint */
  45
  46 #ifndef lint
  47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c     8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95";
  48 #endif /* not lint */
  49 #endif
  50 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
  51 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
  52
  53 /*
  54  * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs
  55  */
  56 #include <sys/param.h>
  57 #include <sys/stat.h>
  58 #include <sys/disk.h>
  59 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
  60 #include <sys/file.h>
  61 #include <sys/mount.h>
  62
  63 #include <ufs/ufs/dir.h>
  64 #include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h>
  65 #include <ufs/ffs/fs.h>
  66 #include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h>
  67
  68 #include <ctype.h>
  69 #include <err.h>
  70 #include <errno.h>
  71 #include <inttypes.h>
  72 #include <paths.h>
  73 #include <stdarg.h>
  74 #include <stdio.h>
  75 #include <stdlib.h>
  76 #include <string.h>
  77 #include <syslog.h>
  78 #include <unistd.h>
  79
  80 #include <libutil.h>
  81
  82 #include "newfs.h"
  83
  84 int     Eflag;                  /* Erase previous disk contents */
  85 int     Lflag;                  /* add a volume label */
  86 int     Nflag;                  /* run without writing file system */
  87 int     Oflag = 2;              /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */
  88 int     Rflag;                  /* regression test */
  89 int     Uflag;                  /* enable soft updates for file system */
  90 int     jflag;                  /* enable soft updates journaling for filesys */
  91 int     Xflag = 0;              /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */
  92 int     Jflag;                  /* enable gjournal for file system */
  93 int     lflag;                  /* enable multilabel for file system */
  94 int     nflag;                  /* do not create .snap directory */
  95 int     tflag;                  /* enable TRIM */
  96 intmax_t fssize;                /* file system size */
  97 off_t   mediasize;              /* device size */
  98 int     sectorsize;             /* bytes/sector */
  99 int     realsectorsize;         /* bytes/sector in hardware */
 100 int     fsize = 0;              /* fragment size */
 101 int     bsize = 0;              /* block size */
 102 int     maxbsize = 0;           /* maximum clustering */
 103 int     maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */
 104 int     minfree = MINFREE;      /* free space threshold */
 105 int     metaspace;              /* space held for metadata blocks */
 106 int     opt = DEFAULTOPT;       /* optimization preference (space or time) */
 107 int     density;                /* number of bytes per inode */
 108 int     maxcontig = 0;          /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */
 109 int     maxbpg;                 /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */
 110 int     avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */
 111 int     avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */
 112 u_char  *volumelabel = NULL;    /* volume label for filesystem */
 113 struct uufsd disk;              /* libufs disk structure */
 114
 115 static char     device[MAXPATHLEN];
 116 static u_char   bootarea[BBSIZE];
 117 static int      is_file;                /* work on a file, not a device */
 118 static char     *dkname;
 119 static char     *disktype;
 120
 121 static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t);
 122 static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s);
 123 static void usage(void);
 124 static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num);
 125
 126 ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */
 127
 128 int
 129 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 130 {
 131         struct partition *pp;
 132         struct disklabel *lp;
 133         struct stat st;
 134         char *cp, *special;
 135         intmax_t reserved;
 136         int ch, i, rval;
 137         char part_name;         /* partition name, default to full disk */
 138
 139         part_name = 'c';
 140         reserved = 0;
 141         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
 142             "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:jk:lm:no:p:r:s:t")) != -1)
 143                 switch (ch) {
 144                 case 'E':
 145                         Eflag = 1;
 146                         break;
 147                 case 'J':
 148                         Jflag = 1;
 149                         break;
 150                 case 'L':
 151                         volumelabel = optarg;
 152                         i = -1;
 153                         while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i]));
 154                         if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') {
 155                                 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics.");
 156                         }
 157                         if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) {
 158                                 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.",
 159                                     MAXVOLLEN);
 160                         }
 161                         Lflag = 1;
 162                         break;
 163                 case 'N':
 164                         Nflag = 1;
 165                         break;
 166                 case 'O':
 167                         if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2)
 168                                 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value",
 169                                     optarg);
 170                         break;
 171                 case 'R':
 172                         Rflag = 1;
 173                         break;
 174                 case 'S':
 175                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &sectorsize);
 176                         if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0)
 177                                 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg);
 178                         break;
 179                 case 'T':
 180                         disktype = optarg;
 181                         break;
 182                 case 'j':
 183                         jflag = 1;
 184                         /* fall through to enable soft updates */
 185                 case 'U':
 186                         Uflag = 1;
 187                         break;
 188                 case 'X':
 189                         Xflag++;
 190                         break;
 191                 case 'a':
 192                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxcontig);
 193                         if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0)
 194                                 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks",
 195                                     optarg);
 196                         break;
 197                 case 'b':
 198                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &bsize);
 199                         if (rval < 0)
 200                                  errx(1, "%s: bad block size",
 201                                     optarg);
 202                         if (bsize < MINBSIZE)
 203                                 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d",
 204                                     optarg, MINBSIZE);
 205                         if (bsize > MAXBSIZE)
 206                                 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d",
 207                                     optarg, MAXBSIZE);
 208                         break;
 209                 case 'c':
 210                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxblkspercg);
 211                         if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0)
 212                                 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group",
 213                                     optarg);
 214                         break;
 215                 case 'd':
 216                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbsize);
 217                         if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE)
 218                                 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg);
 219                         break;
 220                 case 'e':
 221                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &maxbpg);
 222                         if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0)
 223                           errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group",
 224                                     optarg);
 225                         break;
 226                 case 'f':
 227                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &fsize);
 228                         if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0)
 229                                 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg);
 230                         break;
 231                 case 'g':
 232                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesize);
 233                         if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0)
 234                                 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg);
 235                         break;
 236                 case 'h':
 237                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &avgfilesperdir);
 238                         if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0)
 239                                errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg);
 240                         break;
 241                 case 'i':
 242                         rval = expand_number_int(optarg, &density);
 243                         if (rval < 0 || density <= 0)
 244                                 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg);
 245                         break;
 246                 case 'l':
 247                         lflag = 1;
 248                         break;
 249                 case 'k':
 250                         if ((metaspace = atoi(optarg)) < 0)
 251                                 errx(1, "%s: bad metadata space %%", optarg);
 252                         if (metaspace == 0)
 253                                 /* force to stay zero in mkfs */
 254                                 metaspace = -1;
 255                         break;
 256                 case 'm':
 257                         if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99)
 258                                 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg);
 259                         break;
 260                 case 'n':
 261                         nflag = 1;
 262                         break;
 263                 case 'o':
 264                         if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0)
 265                                 opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
 266                         else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0)
 267                                 opt = FS_OPTTIME;
 268                         else
 269                                 errx(1,
 270                 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'",
 271                                     optarg);
 272                         break;
 273                 case 'r':
 274                         errno = 0;
 275                         reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
 276                         if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
 277                             *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0)
 278                                 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg);
 279                         break;
 280                 case 'p':
 281                         is_file = 1;
 282                         part_name = optarg[0];
 283                         break;
 284
 285                 case 's':
 286                         errno = 0;
 287                         fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0);
 288                         if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg ||
 289                             *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0)
 290                                 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg);
 291                         break;
 292                 case 't':
 293                         tflag = 1;
 294                         break;
 295                 case '?':
 296                 default:
 297                         usage();
 298                 }
 299         argc -= optind;
 300         argv += optind;
 301
 302         if (argc != 1)
 303                 usage();
 304
 305         special = argv[0];
 306         if (!special[0])
 307                 err(1, "empty file/special name");
 308         cp = strrchr(special, '/');
 309         if (cp == NULL) {
 310                 /*
 311                  * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV.
 312                  */
 313                 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special);
 314                 special = device;
 315         }
 316
 317         if (is_file) {
 318                 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */
 319                 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk));
 320                 disk.d_bsize = 1;
 321                 disk.d_name = special;
 322                 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY);
 323                 if (disk.d_fd < 0 ||
 324                     (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1))
 325                         errx(1, "%s: ", special);
 326         } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 ||
 327             (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) {
 328                 if (disk.d_error != NULL)
 329                         errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error);
 330                 else
 331                         err(1, "%s", special);
 332         }
 333         if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0)
 334                 err(1, "%s", special);
 335         if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) {
 336                 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special);
 337                 is_file = 1;    /* assume it is a file */
 338                 dkname = special;
 339                 if (sectorsize == 0)
 340                         sectorsize = 512;
 341                 mediasize = st.st_size;
 342                 /* set fssize from the partition */
 343         } else {
 344             if (sectorsize == 0)
 345                 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, &sectorsize) == -1)
 346                     sectorsize = 0;     /* back out on error for safety */
 347             if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1)
 348                 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved);
 349         }
 350         pp = NULL;
 351         lp = getdisklabel(special);
 352         if (lp != NULL) {
 353                 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */
 354                         part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1];
 355                 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) &&
 356                                 !isdigit(part_name))
 357                         errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition",
 358                                         special);
 359                 cp = &part_name;
 360                 if (isdigit(*cp))
 361                         pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART];
 362                 else
 363                         pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a'];
 364                 if (pp->p_size == 0)
 365                         errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable",
 366                             special, *cp);
 367                 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT)
 368                         errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program",
 369                             special, *cp);
 370                 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved);
 371                 if (sectorsize == 0)
 372                         sectorsize = lp->d_secsize;
 373                 if (fsize == 0)
 374                         fsize = pp->p_fsize;
 375                 if (bsize == 0)
 376                         bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize;
 377                 if (is_file)
 378                         part_ofs = pp->p_offset;
 379         }
 380         if (sectorsize <= 0)
 381                 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special);
 382         if (fsize <= 0)
 383                 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize);
 384         if (bsize <= 0)
 385                 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize);
 386         if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) {
 387                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space ");
 388                 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE);
 389                 opt = FS_OPTSPACE;
 390         }
 391         realsectorsize = sectorsize;
 392         if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) {          /* XXX */
 393                 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE;
 394
 395                 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE;
 396                 fssize *= secperblk;
 397                 if (pp != NULL)
 398                         pp->p_size *= secperblk;
 399         }
 400         mkfs(pp, special);
 401         ufs_disk_close(&disk);
 402         if (!jflag)
 403                 exit(0);
 404         if (execlp("tunefs", "newfs", "-j", "enable", special, NULL) < 0)
 405                 err(1, "Cannot enable soft updates journaling, tunefs");
 406         /* NOT REACHED */
 407 }
 408
 409 void
 410 getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved)
 411 {
 412         intmax_t available;
 413
 414         available = disksize - reserved;
 415         if (available <= 0)
 416                 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd",
 417                     s, disksize);
 418         if (*fsz == 0)
 419                 *fsz = available;
 420         else if (*fsz > available)
 421                 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd",
 422                     s, available);
 423 }
 424
 425 struct disklabel *
 426 getdisklabel(char *s)
 427 {
 428         static struct disklabel lab;
 429         struct disklabel *lp;
 430
 431         if (is_file) {
 432                 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE)
 433                         err(4, "cannot read bootarea");
 434                 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec(
 435                     bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ +
 436                                 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize),
 437                     &lab, MAXPARTITIONS))
 438                         errx(1, "no valid label found");
 439
 440                 lp = &lab;
 441                 return &lab;
 442         }
 443
 444         if (disktype) {
 445                 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype);
 446                 if (lp != NULL)
 447                         return (lp);
 448         }
 449         return (NULL);
 450 }
 451
 452 static void
 453 usage()
 454 {
 455         fprintf(stderr,
 456             "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n",
 457             getprogname(),
 458             " [device-type]");
 459         fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n");
 460         fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n");
 461         fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n");
 462         fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n");
 463         fprintf(stderr,
 464             "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n");
 465         fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n");
 466         fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n");
 467         fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n");
 468         fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n");
 469         fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n");
 470         fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n");
 471         fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n");
 472         fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n");
 473         fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n");
 474         fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n");
 475         fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n");
 476         fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n");
 477         fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n");
 478         fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n");
 479         fprintf(stderr, "\t-j enable soft updates journaling\n");
 480         fprintf(stderr, "\t-k space to hold for metadata blocks\n");
 481         fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n");
 482         fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n");
 483         fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n");
 484         fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n");
 485         fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n");
 486         fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n");
 487         fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n");
 488         fprintf(stderr, "\t-t enable TRIM\n");
 489         exit(1);
 490 }
 491
 492 static int
 493 expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num)
 494 {
 495         int64_t num64;
 496         int rval;
 497
 498         rval = expand_number(buf, &num64);
 499         if (rval < 0)
 500                 return (rval);
 501         if (num64 > INT_MAX || num64 < INT_MIN) {
 502                 errno = ERANGE;
 503                 return (-1);
 504         }
 505         *num = (int)num64;
 506         return (0);
 507 }