2 * dtlk.c - DoubleTalk PC driver for Linux
4 * Original author: Chris Pallotta <chris@allmedia.com>
5 * Current maintainer: Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
7 * 2000-03-18 Jim Van Zandt: Fix polling.
8 * Eliminate dtlk_timer_active flag and separate dtlk_stop_timer
9 * function. Don't restart timer in dtlk_timer_tick. Restart timer
10 * in dtlk_poll after every poll. dtlk_poll returns mask (duh).
11 * Eliminate unused function dtlk_write_byte. Misc. code cleanups.
14 /* This driver is for the DoubleTalk PC, a speech synthesizer
15 manufactured by RC Systems (http://www.rcsys.com/). It was written
16 based on documentation in their User's Manual file and Developer's
19 The DoubleTalk PC contains four voice synthesizers: text-to-speech
20 (TTS), linear predictive coding (LPC), PCM/ADPCM, and CVSD. It
21 also has a tone generator. Output data for LPC are written to the
22 LPC port, and output data for the other modes are written to the
25 Two kinds of data can be read from the DoubleTalk: status
26 information (in response to the "\001?" interrogation command) is
27 read from the TTS port, and index markers (which mark the progress
28 of the speech) are read from the LPC port. Not all models of the
29 DoubleTalk PC implement index markers. Both the TTS and LPC ports
30 can also display status flags.
32 The DoubleTalk PC generates no interrupts.
34 These characteristics are mapped into the Unix stream I/O model as
37 "write" sends bytes to the TTS port. It is the responsibility of
38 the user program to switch modes among TTS, PCM/ADPCM, and CVSD.
39 This driver was written for use with the text-to-speech
40 synthesizer. If LPC output is needed some day, other minor device
41 numbers can be used to select among output modes.
43 "read" gets index markers from the LPC port. If the device does
44 not implement index markers, the read will fail with error EINVAL.
46 Status information is available using the DTLK_INTERROGATE ioctl.
50 #include <linux/module.h>
53 #include <linux/types.h>
56 #include <linux/errno.h> /* for -EBUSY */
57 #include <linux/ioport.h> /* for request_region */
58 #include <linux/delay.h> /* for loops_per_jiffy */
59 #include <linux/sched.h>
60 #include <linux/smp_lock.h> /* cycle_kernel_lock() */
61 #include <asm/io.h> /* for inb_p, outb_p, inb, outb, etc. */
62 #include <asm/uaccess.h> /* for get_user, etc. */
63 #include <linux/wait.h> /* for wait_queue */
64 #include <linux/init.h> /* for __init, module_{init,exit} */
65 #include <linux/poll.h> /* for POLLIN, etc. */
66 #include <linux/dtlk.h> /* local header file for DoubleTalk values */
69 #define TRACE_TEXT(str) printk(str);
70 #define TRACE_RET printk(")")
72 #define TRACE_TEXT(str) ((void) 0)
73 #define TRACE_RET ((void) 0)
76 static void dtlk_timer_tick(unsigned long data
);
78 static int dtlk_major
;
79 static int dtlk_port_lpc
;
80 static int dtlk_port_tts
;
82 static int dtlk_has_indexing
;
83 static unsigned int dtlk_portlist
[] =
84 {0x25e, 0x29e, 0x2de, 0x31e, 0x35e, 0x39e, 0};
85 static wait_queue_head_t dtlk_process_list
;
86 static DEFINE_TIMER(dtlk_timer
, dtlk_timer_tick
, 0, 0);
88 /* prototypes for file_operations struct */
89 static ssize_t
dtlk_read(struct file
*, char __user
*,
90 size_t nbytes
, loff_t
* ppos
);
91 static ssize_t
dtlk_write(struct file
*, const char __user
*,
92 size_t nbytes
, loff_t
* ppos
);
93 static unsigned int dtlk_poll(struct file
*, poll_table
*);
94 static int dtlk_open(struct inode
*, struct file
*);
95 static int dtlk_release(struct inode
*, struct file
*);
96 static int dtlk_ioctl(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
,
97 unsigned int cmd
, unsigned long arg
);
99 static const struct file_operations dtlk_fops
=
101 .owner
= THIS_MODULE
,
107 .release
= dtlk_release
,
110 /* local prototypes */
111 static int dtlk_dev_probe(void);
112 static struct dtlk_settings
*dtlk_interrogate(void);
113 static int dtlk_readable(void);
114 static char dtlk_read_lpc(void);
115 static char dtlk_read_tts(void);
116 static int dtlk_writeable(void);
117 static char dtlk_write_bytes(const char *buf
, int n
);
118 static char dtlk_write_tts(char);
120 static void dtlk_handle_error(char, char, unsigned int);
123 static ssize_t
dtlk_read(struct file
*file
, char __user
*buf
,
124 size_t count
, loff_t
* ppos
)
126 unsigned int minor
= iminor(file
->f_path
.dentry
->d_inode
);
130 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read");
131 /* printk("DoubleTalk PC - dtlk_read()\n"); */
133 if (minor
!= DTLK_MINOR
|| !dtlk_has_indexing
)
136 for (retries
= 0; retries
< loops_per_jiffy
; retries
++) {
137 while (i
< count
&& dtlk_readable()) {
138 ch
= dtlk_read_lpc();
139 /* printk("dtlk_read() reads 0x%02x\n", ch); */
140 if (put_user(ch
, buf
++))
146 if (file
->f_flags
& O_NONBLOCK
)
148 msleep_interruptible(100);
150 if (retries
== loops_per_jiffy
)
151 printk(KERN_ERR
"dtlk_read times out\n");
156 static ssize_t
dtlk_write(struct file
*file
, const char __user
*buf
,
157 size_t count
, loff_t
* ppos
)
159 int i
= 0, retries
= 0, ch
;
161 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_write");
166 for (i
= 0; i
< count
; i
++) {
167 if (get_user(ch
, buf
+ i
))
169 if (' ' <= ch
&& ch
<= '~')
172 printk("\\%03o", ch
);
178 if (iminor(file
->f_path
.dentry
->d_inode
) != DTLK_MINOR
)
182 while (i
< count
&& !get_user(ch
, buf
) &&
183 (ch
== DTLK_CLEAR
|| dtlk_writeable())) {
188 /* We yield our time until scheduled
189 again. This reduces the transfer
190 rate to 500 bytes/sec, but that's
191 still enough to keep up with the
192 speech synthesizer. */
193 msleep_interruptible(1);
195 /* the RDY bit goes zero 2-3 usec
196 after writing, and goes 1 again
197 180-190 usec later. Here, we wait
198 up to 250 usec for the RDY bit to
201 retries
< loops_per_jiffy
/ (4000/HZ
);
203 if (inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
) &
211 if (file
->f_flags
& O_NONBLOCK
)
214 msleep_interruptible(1);
216 if (++retries
> 10 * HZ
) { /* wait no more than 10 sec
218 printk("dtlk: write timeout. "
219 "inb_p(dtlk_port_tts) = 0x%02x\n",
220 inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
));
229 static unsigned int dtlk_poll(struct file
*file
, poll_table
* wait
)
232 unsigned long expires
;
234 TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_poll");
238 printk("<%ld>", jiffies-j);
241 poll_wait(file
, &dtlk_process_list
, wait
);
243 if (dtlk_has_indexing
&& dtlk_readable()) {
244 del_timer(&dtlk_timer
);
245 mask
= POLLIN
| POLLRDNORM
;
247 if (dtlk_writeable()) {
248 del_timer(&dtlk_timer
);
249 mask
|= POLLOUT
| POLLWRNORM
;
251 /* there are no exception conditions */
253 /* There won't be any interrupts, so we set a timer instead. */
254 expires
= jiffies
+ 3*HZ
/ 100;
255 mod_timer(&dtlk_timer
, expires
);
260 static void dtlk_timer_tick(unsigned long data
)
262 TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_timer_tick");
263 wake_up_interruptible(&dtlk_process_list
);
266 static int dtlk_ioctl(struct inode
*inode
,
271 char __user
*argp
= (char __user
*)arg
;
272 struct dtlk_settings
*sp
;
274 TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_ioctl");
278 case DTLK_INTERROGATE
:
279 sp
= dtlk_interrogate();
280 if (copy_to_user(argp
, sp
, sizeof(struct dtlk_settings
)))
285 portval
= inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
);
286 return put_user(portval
, argp
);
293 /* Note that nobody ever sets dtlk_busy... */
294 static int dtlk_open(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
296 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_open");
299 nonseekable_open(inode
, file
);
300 switch (iminor(inode
)) {
304 return nonseekable_open(inode
, file
);
311 static int dtlk_release(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
313 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_release");
315 switch (iminor(inode
)) {
324 del_timer_sync(&dtlk_timer
);
329 static int __init
dtlk_init(void)
336 dtlk_major
= register_chrdev(0, "dtlk", &dtlk_fops
);
337 if (dtlk_major
< 0) {
338 printk(KERN_ERR
"DoubleTalk PC - cannot register device\n");
341 err
= dtlk_dev_probe();
343 unregister_chrdev(dtlk_major
, "dtlk");
346 printk(", MAJOR %d\n", dtlk_major
);
348 init_waitqueue_head(&dtlk_process_list
);
353 static void __exit
dtlk_cleanup (void)
355 dtlk_write_bytes("goodbye", 8);
356 msleep_interruptible(500); /* nap 0.50 sec but
361 dtlk_write_tts(DTLK_CLEAR
);
362 unregister_chrdev(dtlk_major
, "dtlk");
363 release_region(dtlk_port_lpc
, DTLK_IO_EXTENT
);
366 module_init(dtlk_init
);
367 module_exit(dtlk_cleanup
);
369 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
371 static int dtlk_readable(void)
374 printk(" dtlk_readable=%u@%u", inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc
) != 0x7f, jiffies
);
376 return inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc
) != 0x7f;
379 static int dtlk_writeable(void)
381 /* TRACE_TEXT(" dtlk_writeable"); */
383 printk(" dtlk_writeable=%u", (inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
) & TTS_WRITABLE
)!=0);
385 return inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
) & TTS_WRITABLE
;
388 static int __init
dtlk_dev_probe(void)
390 unsigned int testval
= 0;
392 struct dtlk_settings
*sp
;
394 if (dtlk_port_lpc
| dtlk_port_tts
)
397 for (i
= 0; dtlk_portlist
[i
]; i
++) {
399 printk("DoubleTalk PC - Port %03x = %04x\n",
400 dtlk_portlist
[i
], (testval
= inw_p(dtlk_portlist
[i
])));
403 if (!request_region(dtlk_portlist
[i
], DTLK_IO_EXTENT
,
406 testval
= inw_p(dtlk_portlist
[i
]);
407 if ((testval
&= 0xfbff) == 0x107f) {
408 dtlk_port_lpc
= dtlk_portlist
[i
];
409 dtlk_port_tts
= dtlk_port_lpc
+ 1;
411 sp
= dtlk_interrogate();
412 printk("DoubleTalk PC at %03x-%03x, "
413 "ROM version %s, serial number %u",
414 dtlk_portlist
[i
], dtlk_portlist
[i
] +
416 sp
->rom_version
, sp
->serial_number
);
418 /* put LPC port into known state, so
419 dtlk_readable() gives valid result */
420 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc
);
422 /* INIT string and index marker */
423 dtlk_write_bytes("\036\1@\0\0012I\r", 8);
424 /* posting an index takes 18 msec. Here, we
425 wait up to 100 msec to see whether it
427 msleep_interruptible(100);
428 dtlk_has_indexing
= dtlk_readable();
430 printk(", indexing %d\n", dtlk_has_indexing
);
434 /* This macro records ten samples read from the LPC port, for later display */
436 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) \
438 buffer[b++] = inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc); \
439 __delay(loops_per_jiffy/(1000000/HZ)); \
445 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc
);
448 dtlk_write_bytes("\0012I\r", 4);
450 __delay(50 * loops_per_jiffy
/ (1000/HZ
));
451 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc
);
456 for (j
= 0; j
< b
; j
++)
457 printk(" %02x", buffer
[j
]);
464 /* This macro records ten samples read from the TTS port, for later display */
466 for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) \
468 buffer[b++] = inb_p(dtlk_port_tts); \
469 __delay(loops_per_jiffy/(1000000/HZ)); /* 1 us */ \
474 mdelay(10); /* 10 ms */
476 outb_p(0x03, dtlk_port_tts
);
482 for (j
= 0; j
< b
; j
++)
483 printk(" %02x", buffer
[j
]);
486 #endif /* OUTSCOPE */
488 dtlk_write_bytes("Double Talk found", 18);
492 release_region(dtlk_portlist
[i
], DTLK_IO_EXTENT
);
495 printk(KERN_INFO
"DoubleTalk PC - not found\n");
500 static void dtlk_handle_error(char op, char rc, unsigned int minor)
502 printk(KERN_INFO"\nDoubleTalk PC - MINOR: %d, OPCODE: %d, ERROR: %d\n",
508 /* interrogate the DoubleTalk PC and return its settings */
509 static struct dtlk_settings
*dtlk_interrogate(void)
512 static char buf
[sizeof(struct dtlk_settings
) + 1];
514 static struct dtlk_settings status
;
515 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_interrogate");
516 dtlk_write_bytes("\030\001?", 3);
517 for (total
= 0, i
= 0; i
< 50; i
++) {
518 buf
[total
] = dtlk_read_tts();
519 if (total
> 2 && buf
[total
] == 0x7f)
521 if (total
< sizeof(struct dtlk_settings
))
525 if (i==50) printk("interrogate() read overrun\n");
526 for (i=0; i<sizeof(buf); i++)
527 printk(" %02x", buf[i]);
531 status
.serial_number
= t
[0] + t
[1] * 256; /* serial number is
537 status
.rom_version
[i
] = *t
;
538 if (i
< sizeof(status
.rom_version
) - 1)
542 status
.rom_version
[i
] = 0;
546 status
.punc_level
= *t
++;
547 status
.formant_freq
= *t
++;
550 status
.volume
= *t
++;
552 status
.expression
= *t
++;
553 status
.ext_dict_loaded
= *t
++;
554 status
.ext_dict_status
= *t
++;
555 status
.free_ram
= *t
++;
556 status
.articulation
= *t
++;
557 status
.reverb
= *t
++;
559 status
.has_indexing
= dtlk_has_indexing
;
564 static char dtlk_read_tts(void)
566 int portval
, retries
= 0;
568 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read_tts");
570 /* verify DT is ready, read char, wait for ACK */
572 portval
= inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
);
573 } while ((portval
& TTS_READABLE
) == 0 &&
574 retries
++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES
);
575 if (retries
> DTLK_MAX_RETRIES
)
576 printk(KERN_ERR
"dtlk_read_tts() timeout\n");
578 ch
= inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
); /* input from TTS port */
580 outb_p(ch
, dtlk_port_tts
);
584 portval
= inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
);
585 } while ((portval
& TTS_READABLE
) != 0 &&
586 retries
++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES
);
587 if (retries
> DTLK_MAX_RETRIES
)
588 printk(KERN_ERR
"dtlk_read_tts() timeout\n");
594 static char dtlk_read_lpc(void)
598 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_read_lpc");
600 /* no need to test -- this is only called when the port is readable */
602 ch
= inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc
); /* input from LPC port */
604 outb_p(0xff, dtlk_port_lpc
);
606 /* acknowledging a read takes 3-4
607 usec. Here, we wait up to 20 usec
608 for the acknowledgement */
609 retries
= (loops_per_jiffy
* 20) / (1000000/HZ
);
610 while (inb_p(dtlk_port_lpc
) != 0x7f && --retries
> 0);
612 printk(KERN_ERR
"dtlk_read_lpc() timeout\n");
618 /* write n bytes to tts port */
619 static char dtlk_write_bytes(const char *buf
, int n
)
622 /* printk("dtlk_write_bytes(\"%-*s\", %d)\n", n, buf, n); */
623 TRACE_TEXT("(dtlk_write_bytes");
625 val
= dtlk_write_tts(*buf
++);
630 static char dtlk_write_tts(char ch
)
634 printk(" dtlk_write_tts(");
635 if (' ' <= ch
&& ch
<= '~')
638 printk("0x%02x", ch
);
640 if (ch
!= DTLK_CLEAR
) /* no flow control for CLEAR command */
641 while ((inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
) & TTS_WRITABLE
) == 0 &&
642 retries
++ < DTLK_MAX_RETRIES
) /* DT ready? */
644 if (retries
> DTLK_MAX_RETRIES
)
645 printk(KERN_ERR
"dtlk_write_tts() timeout\n");
647 outb_p(ch
, dtlk_port_tts
); /* output to TTS port */
648 /* the RDY bit goes zero 2-3 usec after writing, and goes
649 1 again 180-190 usec later. Here, we wait up to 10
650 usec for the RDY bit to go zero. */
651 for (retries
= 0; retries
< loops_per_jiffy
/ (100000/HZ
); retries
++)
652 if ((inb_p(dtlk_port_tts
) & TTS_WRITABLE
) == 0)
661 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");