2 * linux/arch/i386/kernel/setup.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
6 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
8 * Memory region support
9 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
11 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
12 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
14 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
15 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
17 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
18 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
23 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
26 #include <linux/sched.h>
28 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
29 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
30 #include <linux/ioport.h>
31 #include <linux/acpi.h>
32 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
33 #include <linux/initrd.h>
34 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
37 #include <linux/console.h>
38 #include <linux/mca.h>
39 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
40 #include <linux/highmem.h>
41 #include <linux/module.h>
42 #include <linux/efi.h>
43 #include <linux/init.h>
44 #include <linux/edd.h>
45 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
46 #include <linux/kexec.h>
47 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
48 #include <linux/dmi.h>
49 #include <linux/pfn.h>
51 #include <video/edid.h>
55 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
56 #include <asm/mmzone.h>
57 #include <asm/setup.h>
58 #include <asm/arch_hooks.h>
59 #include <asm/sections.h>
60 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
63 #include <setup_arch.h>
64 #include <bios_ebda.h>
66 /* This value is set up by the early boot code to point to the value
67 immediately after the boot time page tables. It contains a *physical*
68 address, and must not be in the .bss segment! */
69 unsigned long init_pg_tables_end __initdata
= ~0UL;
71 int disable_pse __devinitdata
= 0;
76 extern struct resource code_resource
;
77 extern struct resource data_resource
;
79 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
80 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data __initdata
= { 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1 };
81 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
82 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly
= { 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1 };
83 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data
);
85 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features
;
87 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
88 unsigned int machine_id
;
90 EXPORT_SYMBOL(machine_id
);
92 unsigned int machine_submodel_id
;
93 unsigned int BIOS_revision
;
94 unsigned int mca_pentium_flag
;
96 /* Boot loader ID as an integer, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
99 /* user-defined highmem size */
100 static unsigned int highmem_pages
= -1;
105 struct drive_info_struct
{ char dummy
[32]; } drive_info
;
106 #if defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE) || defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD) || \
107 defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IDE_MODULE) || defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_HD_MODULE)
108 EXPORT_SYMBOL(drive_info
);
110 struct screen_info screen_info
;
111 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info
);
112 struct apm_info apm_info
;
113 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info
);
114 struct sys_desc_table_struct
{
115 unsigned short length
;
116 unsigned char table
[0];
118 struct edid_info edid_info
;
119 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info
);
120 struct ist_info ist_info
;
121 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
122 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
123 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info
);
126 extern void early_cpu_init(void);
127 extern int root_mountflags
;
129 unsigned long saved_videomode
;
131 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
132 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
133 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
135 static char command_line
[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
];
137 unsigned char __initdata boot_params
[PARAM_SIZE
];
139 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
141 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
145 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
146 * from boot_params into a safe place.
149 static inline void copy_edd(void)
151 memcpy(edd
.mbr_signature
, EDD_MBR_SIGNATURE
, sizeof(edd
.mbr_signature
));
152 memcpy(edd
.edd_info
, EDD_BUF
, sizeof(edd
.edd_info
));
153 edd
.mbr_signature_nr
= EDD_MBR_SIG_NR
;
154 edd
.edd_info_nr
= EDD_NR
;
157 static inline void copy_edd(void)
162 int __initdata user_defined_memmap
= 0;
165 * "mem=nopentium" disables the 4MB page tables.
166 * "mem=XXX[kKmM]" defines a memory region from HIGH_MEM
167 * to <mem>, overriding the bios size.
168 * "memmap=XXX[KkmM]@XXX[KkmM]" defines a memory region from
169 * <start> to <start>+<mem>, overriding the bios size.
171 * HPA tells me bootloaders need to parse mem=, so no new
172 * option should be mem= [also see Documentation/i386/boot.txt]
174 static int __init
parse_mem(char *arg
)
179 if (strcmp(arg
, "nopentium") == 0) {
180 clear_bit(X86_FEATURE_PSE
, boot_cpu_data
.x86_capability
);
183 /* If the user specifies memory size, we
184 * limit the BIOS-provided memory map to
185 * that size. exactmap can be used to specify
186 * the exact map. mem=number can be used to
187 * trim the existing memory map.
189 unsigned long long mem_size
;
191 mem_size
= memparse(arg
, &arg
);
192 limit_regions(mem_size
);
193 user_defined_memmap
= 1;
197 early_param("mem", parse_mem
);
199 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE
200 /* elfcorehdr= specifies the location of elf core header
201 * stored by the crashed kernel.
203 static int __init
parse_elfcorehdr(char *arg
)
208 elfcorehdr_addr
= memparse(arg
, &arg
);
211 early_param("elfcorehdr", parse_elfcorehdr
);
212 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE */
215 * highmem=size forces highmem to be exactly 'size' bytes.
216 * This works even on boxes that have no highmem otherwise.
217 * This also works to reduce highmem size on bigger boxes.
219 static int __init
parse_highmem(char *arg
)
224 highmem_pages
= memparse(arg
, &arg
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
227 early_param("highmem", parse_highmem
);
230 * vmalloc=size forces the vmalloc area to be exactly 'size'
231 * bytes. This can be used to increase (or decrease) the
232 * vmalloc area - the default is 128m.
234 static int __init
parse_vmalloc(char *arg
)
239 __VMALLOC_RESERVE
= memparse(arg
, &arg
);
242 early_param("vmalloc", parse_vmalloc
);
245 * reservetop=size reserves a hole at the top of the kernel address space which
246 * a hypervisor can load into later. Needed for dynamically loaded hypervisors,
247 * so relocating the fixmap can be done before paging initialization.
249 static int __init
parse_reservetop(char *arg
)
251 unsigned long address
;
256 address
= memparse(arg
, &arg
);
257 reserve_top_address(address
);
260 early_param("reservetop", parse_reservetop
);
263 * Determine low and high memory ranges:
265 unsigned long __init
find_max_low_pfn(void)
267 unsigned long max_low_pfn
;
269 max_low_pfn
= max_pfn
;
270 if (max_low_pfn
> MAXMEM_PFN
) {
271 if (highmem_pages
== -1)
272 highmem_pages
= max_pfn
- MAXMEM_PFN
;
273 if (highmem_pages
+ MAXMEM_PFN
< max_pfn
)
274 max_pfn
= MAXMEM_PFN
+ highmem_pages
;
275 if (highmem_pages
+ MAXMEM_PFN
> max_pfn
) {
276 printk("only %luMB highmem pages available, ignoring highmem size of %uMB.\n", pages_to_mb(max_pfn
- MAXMEM_PFN
), pages_to_mb(highmem_pages
));
279 max_low_pfn
= MAXMEM_PFN
;
280 #ifndef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
281 /* Maximum memory usable is what is directly addressable */
282 printk(KERN_WARNING
"Warning only %ldMB will be used.\n",
284 if (max_pfn
> MAX_NONPAE_PFN
)
285 printk(KERN_WARNING
"Use a PAE enabled kernel.\n");
287 printk(KERN_WARNING
"Use a HIGHMEM enabled kernel.\n");
288 max_pfn
= MAXMEM_PFN
;
289 #else /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
290 #ifndef CONFIG_X86_PAE
291 if (max_pfn
> MAX_NONPAE_PFN
) {
292 max_pfn
= MAX_NONPAE_PFN
;
293 printk(KERN_WARNING
"Warning only 4GB will be used.\n");
294 printk(KERN_WARNING
"Use a PAE enabled kernel.\n");
296 #endif /* !CONFIG_X86_PAE */
297 #endif /* !CONFIG_HIGHMEM */
299 if (highmem_pages
== -1)
301 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
302 if (highmem_pages
>= max_pfn
) {
303 printk(KERN_ERR
"highmem size specified (%uMB) is bigger than pages available (%luMB)!.\n", pages_to_mb(highmem_pages
), pages_to_mb(max_pfn
));
307 if (max_low_pfn
-highmem_pages
< 64*1024*1024/PAGE_SIZE
){
308 printk(KERN_ERR
"highmem size %uMB results in smaller than 64MB lowmem, ignoring it.\n", pages_to_mb(highmem_pages
));
311 max_low_pfn
-= highmem_pages
;
315 printk(KERN_ERR
"ignoring highmem size on non-highmem kernel!\n");
322 * workaround for Dell systems that neglect to reserve EBDA
324 static void __init
reserve_ebda_region(void)
327 addr
= get_bios_ebda();
329 reserve_bootmem(addr
, PAGE_SIZE
);
332 #ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
333 void __init
setup_bootmem_allocator(void);
334 static unsigned long __init
setup_memory(void)
337 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
338 * we are rounding upwards:
340 min_low_pfn
= PFN_UP(init_pg_tables_end
);
344 max_low_pfn
= find_max_low_pfn();
346 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
347 highstart_pfn
= highend_pfn
= max_pfn
;
348 if (max_pfn
> max_low_pfn
) {
349 highstart_pfn
= max_low_pfn
;
351 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"%ldMB HIGHMEM available.\n",
352 pages_to_mb(highend_pfn
- highstart_pfn
));
353 num_physpages
= highend_pfn
;
354 high_memory
= (void *) __va(highstart_pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
- 1) + 1;
356 num_physpages
= max_low_pfn
;
357 high_memory
= (void *) __va(max_low_pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
- 1) + 1;
359 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
360 max_mapnr
= num_physpages
;
362 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"%ldMB LOWMEM available.\n",
363 pages_to_mb(max_low_pfn
));
365 setup_bootmem_allocator();
370 void __init
zone_sizes_init(void)
372 unsigned long max_zone_pfns
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
373 memset(max_zone_pfns
, 0, sizeof(max_zone_pfns
));
374 max_zone_pfns
[ZONE_DMA
] =
375 virt_to_phys((char *)MAX_DMA_ADDRESS
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
376 max_zone_pfns
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = max_low_pfn
;
377 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
378 max_zone_pfns
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = highend_pfn
;
379 add_active_range(0, 0, highend_pfn
);
381 add_active_range(0, 0, max_low_pfn
);
384 free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns
);
387 extern unsigned long __init
setup_memory(void);
388 extern void zone_sizes_init(void);
389 #endif /* !CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES */
391 void __init
setup_bootmem_allocator(void)
393 unsigned long bootmap_size
;
395 * Initialize the boot-time allocator (with low memory only):
397 bootmap_size
= init_bootmem(min_low_pfn
, max_low_pfn
);
399 register_bootmem_low_pages(max_low_pfn
);
402 * Reserve the bootmem bitmap itself as well. We do this in two
403 * steps (first step was init_bootmem()) because this catches
404 * the (very unlikely) case of us accidentally initializing the
405 * bootmem allocator with an invalid RAM area.
407 reserve_bootmem(__pa_symbol(_text
), (PFN_PHYS(min_low_pfn
) +
408 bootmap_size
+ PAGE_SIZE
-1) - __pa_symbol(_text
));
411 * reserve physical page 0 - it's a special BIOS page on many boxes,
412 * enabling clean reboots, SMP operation, laptop functions.
414 reserve_bootmem(0, PAGE_SIZE
);
416 /* reserve EBDA region, it's a 4K region */
417 reserve_ebda_region();
419 /* could be an AMD 768MPX chipset. Reserve a page before VGA to prevent
420 PCI prefetch into it (errata #56). Usually the page is reserved anyways,
421 unless you have no PS/2 mouse plugged in. */
422 if (boot_cpu_data
.x86_vendor
== X86_VENDOR_AMD
&&
423 boot_cpu_data
.x86
== 6)
424 reserve_bootmem(0xa0000 - 4096, 4096);
428 * But first pinch a few for the stack/trampoline stuff
429 * FIXME: Don't need the extra page at 4K, but need to fix
430 * trampoline before removing it. (see the GDT stuff)
432 reserve_bootmem(PAGE_SIZE
, PAGE_SIZE
);
434 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP
436 * Reserve low memory region for sleep support.
438 acpi_reserve_bootmem();
440 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_FIND_SMP_CONFIG
442 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
447 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
448 if (LOADER_TYPE
&& INITRD_START
) {
449 if (INITRD_START
+ INITRD_SIZE
<= (max_low_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
)) {
450 reserve_bootmem(INITRD_START
, INITRD_SIZE
);
452 INITRD_START
? INITRD_START
+ PAGE_OFFSET
: 0;
453 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+INITRD_SIZE
;
456 printk(KERN_ERR
"initrd extends beyond end of memory "
457 "(0x%08lx > 0x%08lx)\ndisabling initrd\n",
458 INITRD_START
+ INITRD_SIZE
,
459 max_low_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
465 if (crashk_res
.start
!= crashk_res
.end
)
466 reserve_bootmem(crashk_res
.start
,
467 crashk_res
.end
- crashk_res
.start
+ 1);
472 * The node 0 pgdat is initialized before all of these because
473 * it's needed for bootmem. node>0 pgdats have their virtual
474 * space allocated before the pagetables are in place to access
475 * them, so they can't be cleared then.
477 * This should all compile down to nothing when NUMA is off.
479 void __init
remapped_pgdat_init(void)
483 for_each_online_node(nid
) {
485 memset(NODE_DATA(nid
), 0, sizeof(struct pglist_data
));
490 static void set_mca_bus(int x
)
495 static void set_mca_bus(int x
) { }
499 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
500 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
501 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
502 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
503 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
505 void __init
setup_arch(char **cmdline_p
)
507 unsigned long max_low_pfn
;
509 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data
, &new_cpu_data
, sizeof(new_cpu_data
));
510 pre_setup_arch_hook();
514 * FIXME: This isn't an official loader_type right
515 * now but does currently work with elilo.
516 * If we were configured as an EFI kernel, check to make
517 * sure that we were loaded correctly from elilo and that
518 * the system table is valid. If not, then initialize normally.
521 if ((LOADER_TYPE
== 0x50) && EFI_SYSTAB
)
525 ROOT_DEV
= old_decode_dev(ORIG_ROOT_DEV
);
526 drive_info
= DRIVE_INFO
;
527 screen_info
= SCREEN_INFO
;
528 edid_info
= EDID_INFO
;
529 apm_info
.bios
= APM_BIOS_INFO
;
531 saved_videomode
= VIDEO_MODE
;
532 if( SYS_DESC_TABLE
.length
!= 0 ) {
533 set_mca_bus(SYS_DESC_TABLE
.table
[3] & 0x2);
534 machine_id
= SYS_DESC_TABLE
.table
[0];
535 machine_submodel_id
= SYS_DESC_TABLE
.table
[1];
536 BIOS_revision
= SYS_DESC_TABLE
.table
[2];
538 bootloader_type
= LOADER_TYPE
;
540 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
541 rd_image_start
= RAMDISK_FLAGS
& RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK
;
542 rd_prompt
= ((RAMDISK_FLAGS
& RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG
) != 0);
543 rd_doload
= ((RAMDISK_FLAGS
& RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG
) != 0);
549 printk(KERN_INFO
"BIOS-provided physical RAM map:\n");
550 print_memory_map(machine_specific_memory_setup());
555 if (!MOUNT_ROOT_RDONLY
)
556 root_mountflags
&= ~MS_RDONLY
;
557 init_mm
.start_code
= (unsigned long) _text
;
558 init_mm
.end_code
= (unsigned long) _etext
;
559 init_mm
.end_data
= (unsigned long) _edata
;
560 init_mm
.brk
= init_pg_tables_end
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
562 code_resource
.start
= virt_to_phys(_text
);
563 code_resource
.end
= virt_to_phys(_etext
)-1;
564 data_resource
.start
= virt_to_phys(_etext
);
565 data_resource
.end
= virt_to_phys(_edata
)-1;
569 if (user_defined_memmap
) {
570 printk(KERN_INFO
"user-defined physical RAM map:\n");
571 print_memory_map("user");
574 strlcpy(command_line
, saved_command_line
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
575 *cmdline_p
= command_line
;
577 max_low_pfn
= setup_memory();
580 * NOTE: before this point _nobody_ is allowed to allocate
581 * any memory using the bootmem allocator. Although the
582 * alloctor is now initialised only the first 8Mb of the kernel
583 * virtual address space has been mapped. All allocations before
584 * paging_init() has completed must use the alloc_bootmem_low_pages()
585 * variant (which allocates DMA'able memory) and care must be taken
586 * not to exceed the 8Mb limit.
590 smp_alloc_memory(); /* AP processor realmode stacks in low memory*/
593 remapped_pgdat_init();
598 * NOTE: at this point the bootmem allocator is fully available.
603 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_GENERICARCH
604 generic_apic_probe();
611 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
613 acpi_boot_table_init();
617 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
618 check_acpi_pci(); /* Checks more than just ACPI actually */
625 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_PC)
627 printk(KERN_WARNING
"More than 8 CPUs detected and "
628 "CONFIG_X86_PC cannot handle it.\nUse "
629 "CONFIG_X86_GENERICARCH or CONFIG_X86_BIGSMP.\n");
632 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
633 if (smp_found_config
)
640 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
641 if (!efi_enabled
|| (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY
))
642 conswitchp
= &vga_con
;
643 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
644 conswitchp
= &dummy_con
;
650 static __init
int add_pcspkr(void)
652 struct platform_device
*pd
;
655 pd
= platform_device_alloc("pcspkr", -1);
659 ret
= platform_device_add(pd
);
661 platform_device_put(pd
);
665 device_initcall(add_pcspkr
);