4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief
6 instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
7 trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
8 kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
9 additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
10 here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
11 functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
13 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
14 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
15 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
18 Current Minimal Requirements
19 ============================
21 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
22 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
23 running, the suggested command should tell you.
25 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
26 functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
27 necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN
28 hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
31 o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
32 o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
33 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
34 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
35 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
36 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
37 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
38 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
39 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
40 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
41 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
42 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
43 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
44 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
45 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
46 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
47 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
48 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
49 o udev 081 # udevinfo -V
50 o grub 0.93 # grub --version
59 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
65 You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
70 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
71 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
72 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
78 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
79 File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
88 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
89 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
91 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
93 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
94 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
95 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
96 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
97 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
98 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
99 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
100 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
105 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
106 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
107 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
108 You'll probably want to upgrade.
113 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
114 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
115 In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with
116 CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is
117 (this also produces better output than ksymoops).
118 If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and
119 you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then
120 you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops.
125 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
126 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
131 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
132 mkinitrd be upgraded.
137 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
138 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
143 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
144 The following utilities are available:
145 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
146 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
147 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
148 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
153 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
154 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
155 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
156 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
161 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
162 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
163 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
164 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
165 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
170 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
171 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
172 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
178 PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
179 kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
185 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
186 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
187 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
188 from the table above.
193 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
194 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
195 udev you may need to:
198 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
199 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
201 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
202 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
207 If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
208 version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
209 with programs using shared memory.
213 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
214 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
215 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
221 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
222 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
230 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
231 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
235 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
236 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
237 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
242 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
243 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
244 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
246 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
247 which can be made by:
249 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
256 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
257 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
262 In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any
263 client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
264 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
265 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
266 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
268 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
269 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
270 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
271 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
273 With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it
274 gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate
275 export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on
276 rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently
279 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
281 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
283 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
284 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
290 In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
291 as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
292 machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
293 events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
294 All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
295 process machine checks.
297 Getting updated software
298 ========================
305 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
309 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
313 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
320 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
324 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
328 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
332 o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
336 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
340 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
344 o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz>
348 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/>
352 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
356 o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
360 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
364 o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
368 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
372 o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
376 o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
380 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
384 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
388 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/mcelog/>
395 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
399 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
403 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
407 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
411 o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
415 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
419 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>