2 * Copyright (C) 2007-2009 Collabora Ltd.
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
5 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
6 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
7 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 * General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
15 * License along with this program; if not, write to the
16 * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
17 * Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
19 * Authors: Xavier Claessens <xclaesse@gmail.com>
29 #include <glib/gstdio.h>
30 #include <glib/gi18n.h>
34 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCHAMPLAIN
35 #include <clutter-gtk/clutter-gtk.h>
38 #include <libnotify/notify.h>
40 #include <telepathy-glib/account-manager.h>
41 #include <telepathy-glib/dbus.h>
42 #include <telepathy-glib/debug-sender.h>
43 #include <telepathy-glib/util.h>
44 #include <telepathy-glib/connection-manager.h>
45 #include <telepathy-glib/interfaces.h>
47 #include <telepathy-yell/telepathy-yell.h>
49 #include <telepathy-logger/log-manager.h>
51 #include <libempathy/empathy-presence-manager.h>
52 #include <libempathy/empathy-utils.h>
53 #include <libempathy/empathy-chatroom-manager.h>
54 #include <libempathy/empathy-account-settings.h>
55 #include <libempathy/empathy-connectivity.h>
56 #include <libempathy/empathy-connection-managers.h>
57 #include <libempathy/empathy-request-util.h>
58 #include <libempathy/empathy-ft-factory.h>
59 #include <libempathy/empathy-gsettings.h>
60 #include <libempathy/empathy-tp-chat.h>
62 #include <libempathy-gtk/empathy-ui-utils.h>
63 #include <libempathy-gtk/empathy-location-manager.h>
64 #include <libempathy-gtk/empathy-notify-manager.h>
66 #include "empathy-main-window.h"
67 #include "empathy-accounts-common.h"
68 #include "empathy-accounts-dialog.h"
69 #include "empathy-status-icon.h"
70 #include "empathy-ft-manager.h"
71 #include "empathy-notifications-approver.h"
73 #include "extensions/extensions.h"
75 #define DEBUG_FLAG EMPATHY_DEBUG_OTHER
76 #include <libempathy/empathy-debug.h>
78 #define EMPATHY_DBUS_NAME "org.gnome.Empathy"
80 #define EMPATHY_TYPE_APP (empathy_app_get_type ())
81 #define EMPATHY_APP(obj) (G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_CAST ((obj), EMPATHY_TYPE_APP, EmpathyApp))
82 #define EMPATHY_APP_CLASS(obj) (G_TYPE_CHECK_CLASS_CAST ((obj), EMPATHY_TYPE_APP, EmpathyAppClass))
83 #define EMPATHY_IS_EMPATHY_APP(obj) (G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE_TYPE ((obj), EMPATHY_TYPE_APP))
84 #define EMPATHY_IS_EMPATHY_APP_CLASS(obj) (G_TYPE_CHECK_CLASS_TYPE ((obj), EMPATHY_TYPE_APP))
85 #define EMPATHY_APP_GET_CLASS(obj) (G_TYPE_INSTANCE_GET_CLASS ((obj), EMPATHY_TYPE_APP, EmpathyAppClass))
87 typedef struct _EmpathyApp EmpathyApp
;
88 typedef struct _EmpathyAppClass EmpathyAppClass
;
96 GType
empathy_app_get_type (void);
98 struct _EmpathyAppClass
100 GtkApplicationClass parent_class
;
105 GtkApplication parent
;
109 gboolean start_hidden
;
110 gboolean show_preferences
;
111 gchar
*preferences_tab
;
116 EmpathyStatusIcon
*icon
;
117 TpAccountManager
*account_manager
;
118 TplLogManager
*log_manager
;
119 EmpathyChatroomManager
*chatroom_manager
;
120 EmpathyFTFactory
*ft_factory
;
121 EmpathyPresenceManager
*presence_mgr
;
122 EmpathyConnectivity
*connectivity
;
123 GSettings
*gsettings
;
124 EmpathyNotificationsApprover
*notifications_approver
;
126 EmpathyLocationManager
*location_manager
;
129 TpDebugSender
*debug_sender
;
132 gboolean shell_running
;
136 G_DEFINE_TYPE(EmpathyApp
, empathy_app
, GTK_TYPE_APPLICATION
)
139 empathy_app_dispose (GObject
*object
)
141 EmpathyApp
*self
= EMPATHY_APP (object
);
142 void (*dispose
) (GObject
*) =
143 G_OBJECT_CLASS (empathy_app_parent_class
)->dispose
;
145 /* Only set our presence to offline when exiting if GNOME Shell is not
147 if (self
->presence_mgr
!= NULL
&&
148 !self
->shell_running
)
150 empathy_presence_manager_set_state (self
->presence_mgr
,
151 TP_CONNECTION_PRESENCE_TYPE_OFFLINE
);
155 tp_clear_object (&self
->debug_sender
);
158 tp_clear_object (&self
->presence_mgr
);
159 tp_clear_object (&self
->connectivity
);
160 tp_clear_object (&self
->icon
);
161 tp_clear_object (&self
->account_manager
);
162 tp_clear_object (&self
->log_manager
);
163 tp_clear_object (&self
->chatroom_manager
);
165 tp_clear_object (&self
->location_manager
);
167 tp_clear_object (&self
->ft_factory
);
168 tp_clear_object (&self
->gsettings
);
169 tp_clear_object (&self
->notifications_approver
);
176 empathy_app_finalize (GObject
*object
)
178 EmpathyApp
*self
= EMPATHY_APP (object
);
179 void (*finalize
) (GObject
*) =
180 G_OBJECT_CLASS (empathy_app_parent_class
)->finalize
;
182 g_free (self
->preferences_tab
);
184 if (self
->window
!= NULL
)
185 gtk_widget_destroy (self
->window
);
187 if (finalize
!= NULL
)
191 static void account_manager_ready_cb (GObject
*source_object
,
192 GAsyncResult
*result
,
196 empathy_app_set_property (GObject
*object
,
201 EmpathyApp
*self
= EMPATHY_APP (object
);
205 case PROP_NO_CONNECT
:
206 self
->no_connect
= g_value_get_boolean (value
);
208 case PROP_START_HIDDEN
:
209 self
->start_hidden
= g_value_get_boolean (value
);
212 G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object
, prop_id
, pspec
);
218 new_incoming_transfer_cb (EmpathyFTFactory
*factory
,
219 EmpathyFTHandler
*handler
,
224 empathy_ft_manager_display_error (handler
, error
);
226 empathy_receive_file_with_file_chooser (handler
);
230 new_ft_handler_cb (EmpathyFTFactory
*factory
,
231 EmpathyFTHandler
*handler
,
236 empathy_ft_manager_display_error (handler
, error
);
238 empathy_ft_manager_add_handler (handler
);
240 g_object_unref (handler
);
244 empathy_app_local_command_line (GApplication
*app
,
249 empathy_presence_manager_set_auto_away_cb (GSettings
*gsettings
,
253 EmpathyPresenceManager
*presence_mgr
= user_data
;
255 empathy_presence_manager_set_auto_away (presence_mgr
,
256 g_settings_get_boolean (gsettings
, key
));
259 #define GNOME_SHELL_BUS_NAME "org.gnome.Shell"
262 list_names_cb (TpDBusDaemon
*bus_daemon
,
263 const gchar
* const *names
,
266 GObject
*weak_object
)
268 EmpathyApp
*self
= (EmpathyApp
*) weak_object
;
274 for (i
= 0; names
[i
] != NULL
; i
++)
276 if (!tp_strdiff (names
[i
], GNOME_SHELL_BUS_NAME
))
278 self
->shell_running
= TRUE
;
284 if (self
->shell_running
)
286 DEBUG ("GNOME Shell is running, don't create status icon");
288 /* Rely on GNOME Shell to watch session state */
289 empathy_presence_manager_set_auto_away (self
->presence_mgr
, FALSE
);
295 self
->icon
= empathy_status_icon_new (GTK_WINDOW (self
->window
),
298 /* Allow Empathy to watch session state */
299 autoaway
= g_settings_get_boolean (self
->gsettings
,
300 EMPATHY_PREFS_AUTOAWAY
);
302 g_signal_connect (self
->gsettings
,
303 "changed::" EMPATHY_PREFS_AUTOAWAY
,
304 G_CALLBACK (empathy_presence_manager_set_auto_away_cb
),
307 empathy_presence_manager_set_auto_away (self
->presence_mgr
, autoaway
);
312 empathy_app_command_line (GApplication
*app
,
313 GApplicationCommandLine
*cmdline
)
315 EmpathyApp
*self
= (EmpathyApp
*) app
;
316 gchar
**args
, **argv
;
317 gint argc
, exit_status
, i
;
319 args
= g_application_command_line_get_arguments (cmdline
, &argc
);
320 /* We have to make an extra copy of the array, since g_option_context_parse()
321 * assumes that it can remove strings from the array without freeing them. */
322 argv
= g_new (gchar
*, argc
+ 1);
323 for (i
= 0; i
<= argc
; i
++)
326 if (empathy_app_local_command_line (app
, &argv
, &exit_status
))
327 DEBUG ("failed to parse command line!");
332 if (!self
->activated
)
334 GError
*error
= NULL
;
337 /* Create the FT factory */
338 self
->ft_factory
= empathy_ft_factory_dup_singleton ();
339 g_signal_connect (self
->ft_factory
, "new-ft-handler",
340 G_CALLBACK (new_ft_handler_cb
), NULL
);
341 g_signal_connect (self
->ft_factory
, "new-incoming-transfer",
342 G_CALLBACK (new_incoming_transfer_cb
), NULL
);
344 if (!empathy_ft_factory_register (self
->ft_factory
, &error
))
346 g_warning ("Failed to register FileTransfer handler: %s",
348 g_error_free (error
);
351 g_application_hold (G_APPLICATION (app
));
352 self
->activated
= TRUE
;
355 self
->window
= empathy_main_window_dup ();
357 /* check if Shell is running */
358 dbus
= tp_dbus_daemon_dup (&error
);
359 g_assert_no_error (error
);
361 tp_dbus_daemon_list_names (dbus
, -1, list_names_cb
,
362 self
, NULL
, G_OBJECT (self
));
364 g_object_unref (dbus
);
366 self
->notifications_approver
=
367 empathy_notifications_approver_dup_singleton ();
371 /* We're requested to show stuff again, disable the start hidden global in
372 * case the accounts wizard wants to pop up.
374 self
->start_hidden
= FALSE
;
377 if (self
->show_preferences
)
378 empathy_main_window_show_preferences (EMPATHY_MAIN_WINDOW (self
->window
),
379 self
->preferences_tab
);
381 if (!self
->start_hidden
)
382 empathy_window_present (GTK_WINDOW (self
->window
));
384 /* Display the accounts dialog if needed */
385 tp_account_manager_prepare_async (self
->account_manager
, NULL
,
386 account_manager_ready_cb
, self
);
392 preferences_cb (const char *option_name
,
397 EmpathyApp
*self
= data
;
399 self
->show_preferences
= TRUE
;
401 g_free (self
->preferences_tab
);
402 self
->preferences_tab
= g_strdup (value
);
408 show_version_cb (const char *option_name
,
414 empathy_app_local_command_line (GApplication
*app
,
418 EmpathyApp
*self
= (EmpathyApp
*) app
;
422 gboolean retval
= FALSE
;
423 GError
*error
= NULL
;
424 gboolean no_connect
= FALSE
, start_hidden
= FALSE
;
426 GOptionContext
*optcontext
;
428 GOptionEntry options
[] = {
430 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE
, &no_connect
,
431 N_("Don't connect on startup"),
433 { "start-hidden", 'h',
434 0, G_OPTION_ARG_NONE
, &start_hidden
,
435 N_("Don't display the contact list or any other dialogs on startup"),
437 { "show-preferences", 'p',
438 G_OPTION_FLAG_OPTIONAL_ARG
, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK
, &preferences_cb
,
441 G_OPTION_FLAG_NO_ARG
, G_OPTION_ARG_CALLBACK
, show_version_cb
,
446 /* We create a group so that GOptionArgFuncs get the user data */
447 group
= g_option_group_new ("empathy", NULL
, NULL
, app
, NULL
);
448 g_option_group_add_entries (group
, options
);
450 optcontext
= g_option_context_new (N_("- Empathy IM Client"));
451 g_option_context_add_group (optcontext
, gtk_get_option_group (TRUE
));
452 g_option_context_set_main_group (optcontext
, group
);
453 g_option_context_set_translation_domain (optcontext
, GETTEXT_PACKAGE
);
455 argc
= g_strv_length (*arguments
);
457 /* We dup the args because g_option_context_parse() sets things to NULL,
458 * but we want to parse all the command line to the primary instance
460 argv
= g_new (gchar
*, argc
+ 1);
461 for (i
= 0; i
<= argc
; i
++)
462 argv
[i
] = (*arguments
)[i
];
464 if (!g_option_context_parse (optcontext
, &argc
, &argv
, &error
))
466 g_print ("%s\nRun '%s --help' to see a full list of available command "
468 error
->message
, argv
[0]);
469 g_warning ("Error in empathy init: %s", error
->message
);
471 *exit_status
= EXIT_FAILURE
;
477 g_option_context_free (optcontext
);
479 self
->no_connect
= no_connect
;
480 self
->start_hidden
= start_hidden
;
485 static void empathy_app_constructed (GObject
*object
);
488 empathy_app_class_init (EmpathyAppClass
*klass
)
490 GObjectClass
*gobject_class
= G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass
);
491 GApplicationClass
*g_app_class
= G_APPLICATION_CLASS (klass
);
494 gobject_class
->set_property
= empathy_app_set_property
;
495 gobject_class
->constructed
= empathy_app_constructed
;
496 gobject_class
->dispose
= empathy_app_dispose
;
497 gobject_class
->finalize
= empathy_app_finalize
;
499 g_app_class
->command_line
= empathy_app_command_line
;
500 g_app_class
->local_command_line
= empathy_app_local_command_line
;
502 spec
= g_param_spec_boolean ("no-connect", "no connect",
503 "Don't connect on startup",
505 G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS
| G_PARAM_WRITABLE
| G_PARAM_CONSTRUCT_ONLY
);
506 g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class
, PROP_NO_CONNECT
, spec
);
508 spec
= g_param_spec_boolean ("start-hidden", "start hidden",
509 "Don't display the contact list or any other dialogs on startup",
511 G_PARAM_STATIC_STRINGS
| G_PARAM_WRITABLE
| G_PARAM_CONSTRUCT_ONLY
);
512 g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class
, PROP_START_HIDDEN
, spec
);
516 empathy_app_init (EmpathyApp
*self
)
521 use_conn_notify_cb (GSettings
*gsettings
,
525 EmpathyConnectivity
*connectivity
= user_data
;
527 empathy_connectivity_set_use_conn (connectivity
,
528 g_settings_get_boolean (gsettings
, key
));
532 migrate_config_to_xdg_dir (void)
534 gchar
*xdg_dir
, *old_dir
, *xdg_filename
, *old_filename
;
536 GFile
*xdg_file
, *old_file
;
537 static const gchar
* filenames
[] = {
541 "contact-groups.xml",
542 "status-presets.xml",
547 xdg_dir
= g_build_filename (g_get_user_config_dir (), PACKAGE_NAME
, NULL
);
548 if (g_file_test (xdg_dir
, G_FILE_TEST_EXISTS
| G_FILE_TEST_IS_DIR
))
550 /* xdg config dir already exists */
555 old_dir
= g_build_filename (g_get_home_dir (), ".gnome2",
557 if (!g_file_test (old_dir
, G_FILE_TEST_EXISTS
| G_FILE_TEST_IS_DIR
))
559 /* old config dir didn't exist */
565 if (g_mkdir_with_parents (xdg_dir
, (S_IRUSR
| S_IWUSR
| S_IXUSR
)) == -1)
567 DEBUG ("Failed to create configuration directory; aborting migration");
573 for (i
= 0; filenames
[i
]; i
++)
575 old_filename
= g_build_filename (old_dir
, filenames
[i
], NULL
);
576 if (!g_file_test (old_filename
, G_FILE_TEST_EXISTS
))
578 g_free (old_filename
);
581 xdg_filename
= g_build_filename (xdg_dir
, filenames
[i
], NULL
);
582 old_file
= g_file_new_for_path (old_filename
);
583 xdg_file
= g_file_new_for_path (xdg_filename
);
585 if (!g_file_move (old_file
, xdg_file
, G_FILE_COPY_NONE
,
586 NULL
, NULL
, NULL
, NULL
))
587 DEBUG ("Failed to migrate %s", filenames
[i
]);
589 g_free (old_filename
);
590 g_free (xdg_filename
);
591 g_object_unref (old_file
);
592 g_object_unref (xdg_file
);
600 show_accounts_ui (EmpathyApp
*self
,
604 empathy_accounts_dialog_show_application (screen
,
605 NULL
, if_needed
, self
->start_hidden
);
609 show_version_cb (const char *option_name
,
614 g_print ("%s\n", PACKAGE_STRING
);
620 account_manager_ready_cb (GObject
*source_object
,
621 GAsyncResult
*result
,
624 TpAccountManager
*manager
= TP_ACCOUNT_MANAGER (source_object
);
625 EmpathyApp
*self
= user_data
;
626 GError
*error
= NULL
;
627 TpConnectionPresenceType presence
;
629 if (!tp_account_manager_prepare_finish (manager
, result
, &error
))
633 DEBUG ("Failed to prepare account manager: %s", error
->message
);
635 dialog
= gtk_message_dialog_new (NULL
, GTK_DIALOG_MODAL
,
636 GTK_MESSAGE_ERROR
, GTK_BUTTONS_OK
,
637 _("Error contacting the Account Manager"));
638 gtk_message_dialog_format_secondary_text (GTK_MESSAGE_DIALOG (dialog
),
639 _("There was an error while trying to connect to the Telepathy "
640 "Account Manager. The error was:\n\n%s"),
643 gtk_dialog_run (GTK_DIALOG (dialog
));
644 gtk_widget_destroy (dialog
);
646 g_error_free (error
);
651 presence
= tp_account_manager_get_most_available_presence (manager
, NULL
,
654 if (g_settings_get_boolean (self
->gsettings
, EMPATHY_PREFS_AUTOCONNECT
) &&
656 tp_connection_presence_type_cmp_availability
657 (presence
, TP_CONNECTION_PRESENCE_TYPE_OFFLINE
)
659 /* if current state is Offline, then put it online */
660 empathy_presence_manager_set_state (self
->presence_mgr
,
661 TP_CONNECTION_PRESENCE_TYPE_AVAILABLE
);
663 /* Pop up the accounts dialog if we don't have any account */
664 if (!empathy_accounts_has_accounts (manager
))
665 show_accounts_ui (self
, gdk_screen_get_default (), TRUE
);
669 account_join_chatrooms (TpAccount
*account
,
670 EmpathyChatroomManager
*chatroom_manager
)
673 GList
*chatrooms
, *p
;
675 if (tp_account_get_connection_status (account
, NULL
) !=
676 TP_CONNECTION_STATUS_CONNECTED
)
679 /* If we're connected we should have a connection */
680 conn
= tp_account_get_connection (account
);
681 g_return_if_fail (conn
!= NULL
);
683 chatrooms
= empathy_chatroom_manager_get_chatrooms (
684 chatroom_manager
, account
);
686 for (p
= chatrooms
; p
!= NULL
; p
= p
->next
)
688 EmpathyChatroom
*room
= EMPATHY_CHATROOM (p
->data
);
690 if (!empathy_chatroom_get_auto_connect (room
))
693 empathy_join_muc (account
, empathy_chatroom_get_room (room
),
694 TP_USER_ACTION_TIME_NOT_USER_ACTION
);
696 g_list_free (chatrooms
);
700 account_status_changed_cb (TpAccount
*account
,
704 gchar
*dbus_error_name
,
706 EmpathyChatroomManager
*manager
)
708 account_join_chatrooms (account
, manager
);
712 account_manager_chatroom_ready_cb (GObject
*source_object
,
713 GAsyncResult
*result
,
716 TpAccountManager
*account_manager
= TP_ACCOUNT_MANAGER (source_object
);
717 EmpathyChatroomManager
*chatroom_manager
= user_data
;
719 GError
*error
= NULL
;
721 if (!tp_account_manager_prepare_finish (account_manager
, result
, &error
))
723 DEBUG ("Failed to prepare account manager: %s", error
->message
);
724 g_error_free (error
);
728 accounts
= tp_account_manager_get_valid_accounts (account_manager
);
730 for (l
= accounts
; l
!= NULL
; l
= g_list_next (l
))
732 TpAccount
*account
= TP_ACCOUNT (l
->data
);
734 /* Try to join all rooms if we're connected */
735 account_join_chatrooms (account
, chatroom_manager
);
737 /* And/or join them on (re)connection */
738 tp_g_signal_connect_object (account
, "status-changed",
739 G_CALLBACK (account_status_changed_cb
), chatroom_manager
, 0);
741 g_list_free (accounts
);
745 chatroom_manager_ready_cb (EmpathyChatroomManager
*chatroom_manager
,
749 TpAccountManager
*account_manager
= user_data
;
751 tp_account_manager_prepare_async (account_manager
, NULL
,
752 account_manager_chatroom_ready_cb
, chatroom_manager
);
756 empathy_app_constructed (GObject
*object
)
758 EmpathyApp
*self
= (EmpathyApp
*) object
;
759 gboolean chatroom_manager_ready
;
761 g_set_application_name (_(PACKAGE_NAME
));
763 gtk_window_set_default_icon_name ("empathy");
764 textdomain (GETTEXT_PACKAGE
);
767 /* Set up debug sender */
768 self
->debug_sender
= tp_debug_sender_dup ();
769 g_log_set_default_handler (tp_debug_sender_log_handler
, G_LOG_DOMAIN
);
772 notify_init (_(PACKAGE_NAME
));
774 /* Setting up Idle */
775 self
->presence_mgr
= empathy_presence_manager_dup_singleton ();
777 self
->gsettings
= g_settings_new (EMPATHY_PREFS_SCHEMA
);
779 /* Setting up Connectivity */
780 self
->connectivity
= empathy_connectivity_dup_singleton ();
781 use_conn_notify_cb (self
->gsettings
, EMPATHY_PREFS_USE_CONN
,
783 g_signal_connect (self
->gsettings
,
784 "changed::" EMPATHY_PREFS_USE_CONN
,
785 G_CALLBACK (use_conn_notify_cb
), self
->connectivity
);
787 /* account management */
788 self
->account_manager
= tp_account_manager_dup ();
789 tp_account_manager_prepare_async (self
->account_manager
, NULL
,
790 account_manager_ready_cb
, self
);
792 migrate_config_to_xdg_dir ();
795 self
->log_manager
= tpl_log_manager_dup_singleton ();
797 self
->chatroom_manager
= empathy_chatroom_manager_dup_singleton (NULL
);
799 g_object_get (self
->chatroom_manager
, "ready", &chatroom_manager_ready
, NULL
);
800 if (!chatroom_manager_ready
)
802 g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (self
->chatroom_manager
), "notify::ready",
803 G_CALLBACK (chatroom_manager_ready_cb
), self
->account_manager
);
807 chatroom_manager_ready_cb (self
->chatroom_manager
, NULL
,
808 self
->account_manager
);
811 /* Location mananger */
813 self
->location_manager
= empathy_location_manager_dup_singleton ();
816 self
->activated
= FALSE
;
817 self
->ft_factory
= NULL
;
822 main (int argc
, char *argv
[])
827 g_thread_init (NULL
);
830 #ifdef HAVE_LIBCHAMPLAIN
831 gtk_clutter_init (&argc
, &argv
);
837 gtk_init (&argc
, &argv
);
840 app
= g_object_new (EMPATHY_TYPE_APP
,
841 "application-id", EMPATHY_DBUS_NAME
,
842 "flags", G_APPLICATION_HANDLES_COMMAND_LINE
,
845 retval
= g_application_run (G_APPLICATION (app
), argc
, argv
);
850 g_object_unref (app
);