1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
2 @c Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
3 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
5 @c This file is included either in emacs-xtra.texi (when producing the
6 @c printed version) or in the main Emacs manual (for the on-line version).
8 @section Auto Reverting non-file Buffers
10 Normally Global Auto Revert Mode only reverts file buffers. There are
11 two ways to auto-revert certain non-file buffers: enabling Auto Revert
12 Mode in those buffers (using @kbd{M-x auto-revert-mode}) and setting
13 @code{global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers} to @code{t}. The latter
14 enables Auto Reverting for all types of buffers for which it is
15 implemented, that is, for the types of buffers listed in the menu
18 Like file buffers, non-file buffers should normally not revert while
19 you are working on them, or while they contain information that might
20 get lost after reverting. Therefore, they do not revert if they are
21 ``modified''. This can get tricky, because deciding when a non-file
22 buffer should be marked modified is usually more difficult than for
25 Another tricky detail is that, for efficiency reasons, Auto Revert
26 often does not try to detect all possible changes in the buffer, only
27 changes that are ``major'' or easy to detect. Hence, enabling
28 auto-reverting for a non-file buffer does not always guarantee that
29 all information in the buffer is up to date and does not necessarily
30 make manual reverts useless.
32 At the other extreme, certain buffers automatically auto-revert every
33 @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds. (This currently only applies to
34 the Buffer Menu.) In this case, Auto Revert does not print any
35 messages while reverting, even when @code{auto-revert-verbose} is
38 The details depend on the particular types of buffers and are
39 explained in the corresponding sections.
42 * Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu::
43 * Auto Reverting Dired::
44 * Supporting additional buffers::
47 @node Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu
48 @subsection Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu
50 If auto-reverting of non-file buffers is enabled, the Buffer Menu
51 automatically reverts every @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds,
52 whether there is a need for it or not. (It would probably take longer
53 to check whether there is a need than to actually revert.)
55 If the Buffer Menu inappropriately gets marked modified, just revert
56 it manually using @kbd{g} and auto-reverting will resume. However, if
57 you marked certain buffers to get deleted or to be displayed, you have
58 to be careful, because reverting erases all marks. The fact that
59 adding marks sets the buffer's modified flag prevents Auto Revert from
60 automatically erasing the marks.
62 @node Auto Reverting Dired
63 @subsection Auto Reverting Dired buffers
65 Auto-reverting Dired buffers currently works on GNU or Unix style
66 operating systems. It may not work satisfactorily on some other
69 Dired buffers only auto-revert when the file list of the buffer's main
70 directory changes. They do not auto-revert when information about a
71 particular file changes or when inserted subdirectories change. To be
72 sure that @emph{all} listed information is up to date, you have to
73 manually revert using @kbd{g}, @emph{even} if auto-reverting is
74 enabled in the Dired buffer. Sometimes, you might get the impression
75 that modifying or saving files listed in the main directory actually
76 does cause auto-reverting. This is because making changes to a file,
77 or saving it, very often causes changes in the directory itself, for
78 instance, through backup files or auto-save files. However, this is
81 If the Dired buffer is marked modified and there are no changes you
82 want to protect, then most of the time you can make auto-reverting
83 resume by manually reverting the buffer using @kbd{g}. There is one
84 exception. If you flag or mark files, you can safely revert the
85 buffer. This will not erase the flags or marks (unless the marked
86 file has been deleted, of course). However, the buffer will stay
87 modified, even after reverting, and auto-reverting will not resume.
88 This is because, if you flag or mark files, you may be working on the
89 buffer and you might not want the buffer to change without warning.
90 If you want auto-reverting to resume in the presence of marks and
91 flags, mark the buffer non-modified using @kbd{M-~}. However, adding,
92 deleting or changing marks or flags will mark it modified again.
94 Remote Dired buffers are not auto-reverted. Neither are Dired buffers
95 for which you used shell wildcards or file arguments to list only some
96 of the files. @samp{*Find*} and @samp{*Locate*} buffers do not
99 @node Supporting additional buffers
100 @subsection Adding Support for Auto-Reverting additional Buffers.
102 This section is intended for Elisp programmers who would like to add
103 support for auto-reverting new types of buffers.
105 To support auto-reverting the buffer must first of all have a
106 @code{revert-buffer-function}. @xref{Definition of
107 revert-buffer-function,, Reverting, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
109 In addition, it @emph{must} have a @code{buffer-stale-function}.
111 @defvar buffer-stale-function
112 The value of this variable is a function to check whether a non-file
113 buffer needs reverting. This should be a function with one optional
114 argument @var{noconfirm}. The function should return non-@code{nil}
115 if the buffer should be reverted. The buffer is current when this
118 While this function is mainly intended for use in auto-reverting, it
119 could be used for other purposes as well. For instance, if
120 auto-reverting is not enabled, it could be used to warn the user that
121 the buffer needs reverting. The idea behind the @var{noconfirm}
122 argument is that it should be @code{t} if the buffer is going to be
123 reverted without asking the user and @code{nil} if the function is
124 just going to be used to warn the user that the buffer is out of date.
125 In particular, for use in auto-reverting, @var{noconfirm} is @code{t}.
126 If the function is only going to be used for auto-reverting, you can
127 ignore the @var{noconfirm} argument.
129 If you just want to automatically auto-revert every
130 @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds, use:
133 (set (make-local-variable 'buffer-stale-function)
134 #'(lambda (&optional noconfirm) 'fast))
138 in the buffer's mode function.
140 The special return value @samp{fast} tells the caller that the need
141 for reverting was not checked, but that reverting the buffer is fast.
142 It also tells Auto Revert not to print any revert messages, even if
143 @code{auto-revert-verbose} is non-@code{nil}. This is important, as
144 getting revert messages every @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds can
145 be very annoying. The information provided by this return value could
146 also be useful if the function is consulted for purposes other than
150 Once the buffer has a @code{revert-buffer-function} and a
151 @code{buffer-stale-function}, several problems usually remain.
153 The buffer will only auto-revert if it is marked unmodified. Hence,
154 you will have to make sure that various functions mark the buffer
155 modified if and only if either the buffer contains information that
156 might be lost by reverting or there is reason to believe that the user
157 might be inconvenienced by auto-reverting, because he is actively
158 working on the buffer. The user can always override this by manually
159 adjusting the modified status of the buffer. To support this, calling
160 the @code{revert-buffer-function} on a buffer that is marked
161 unmodified should always keep the buffer marked unmodified.
163 It is important to assure that point does not continuously jump around
164 as a consequence of auto-reverting. Of course, moving point might be
165 inevitable if the buffer radically changes.
167 You should make sure that the @code{revert-buffer-function} does not
168 print messages that unnecessarily duplicate Auto Revert's own messages
169 if @code{auto-revert-verbose} is @code{t} and effectively override a
170 @code{nil} value for @code{auto-revert-verbose}. Hence, adapting a
171 mode for auto-reverting often involves getting rid of such messages.
172 This is especially important for buffers that automatically
173 auto-revert every @code{auto-revert-interval} seconds.
175 Also, you may want to update the documentation string of
176 @code{global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers}.
179 Finally, you should add a node to this chapter's menu. This node
182 Finally, you should add a section to this chapter. This section
184 should at the very least make clear whether enabling auto-reverting
185 for the buffer reliably assures that all information in the buffer is
186 completely up to date (or will be after @code{auto-revert-interval}
190 arch-tag: 2983e613-a272-45f6-9593-3010ad7f865e