1 This file summarizes primary aspects of the NS port architecture. If
2 possible, it should be updated for changes.
4 Currently it summarizes the state as of:
6 summer 2008 shortly after merging to trunk
14 emacs.c: ns_alloc_autorelease_pool() nsterm.m
15 emacs.c: ns_init_paths() nsterm.m
16 - override EMACSLOADPATH, etc. so resources can be found in-bundle
17 emacs.c: init_display() dispnew.c
18 - sets Vwindow_system (window-system) to 'ns
19 emacs.c: loadup.el -> startup.el -> ns-initialize-window-system
20 -> x-open-connection (nsfns.m)
22 -> nsterm.m: ns_term_init()
23 - EmacsApp sharedApplication
24 - read NS defaults (org.gnu.Emacs.plist)
25 - init X-style color list
26 - ns_create_terminal()
27 - NSApp run (goes to applicationDidFinishLaunching which terminates
28 event loop -- see below)
35 In an NS application, the event loop is normally managed by system and all
36 user code is event-driven. [NSApp run] is called by user and never returns.
38 In Emacs, the event loop is managed by emacs itself.
40 The NS port mediates between these two styles by intercepting the NS event
41 dispatch at [NSApp sendEvent]. If a special event is detected, the event loop
42 is broken, and control returned to Emacs. This special event is sent by
43 ns_send_appdefined, which is called under these circumstances:
45 - if a user input event is received
46 - when a timeout fires
48 NS event processing is instigated from Emacs through ns_select() and
49 ns_read_socket() in nsterm.m. Parts of the codepaths leading to these
53 keyboard.c:read_avail_input()
54 -> ns_read_socket (ns_send_appdefined) -> [NSApp run]
56 process.c:wait_reading_process_output()
57 -> ns_select -> gobble_input (global inNsSelect=1)
58 -> ns_read_socket (ns_send_appdefined if !expected) -> [NSApp run]
60 sysdep.c:sys_select() -> read_input_waiting()
61 -> ns_read_socket (send_appdefined) -> [NSApp run]
62 [this codepath may not be used]
65 Currently ctrl-g is not detected in as many circumstances as other emacsen.
66 It is not certain whether this is due to the means of event loop integration,
67 or errors of omission in the NS code. This is an area for improvement.
68 Also, see the article here and its containing thread:
70 http://article.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.devel/92021/match=handling%5fsignal
75 Text Rendering and Font Handling
76 --------------------------------
78 nsfont.m implements the font driver, responsible for managing fonts and
79 rendering text. Fonts are obtained through NSFontManager. Rendering must be
80 done at a low level due to emacs' fine control over this process, therefore
81 there are different approaches under Cocoa and GNUstep. Under GNUstep, the
82 original NeXT Display PostScript (DPS) APIs are available and used. Under
83 Cocoa, these were removed and Quartz drawing functions replaced them.
85 In both cases, font glyphs are accessed through UTF8 character
86 representations. It would be preferable to use unicode indices, but prior
87 attempts at this have failed.
89 Multi-script fontsets are auto-created in nsfont_make_fontset_for_font() using
90 the facilities of NSTextStorage and NSLayoutManager.
96 Unlike the other GUIs, the NS interface is based on a high-level and
97 object-oriented API. This creates some tension in the code because emacs
98 itself has been architected around the low-level Xlib and Xt APIs. The NS
99 port tries to strike a balance between simplifying code on its side using OO
100 features, and keeping code as similar as possible to other ports to ease
101 maintenance. The following are the main classes (see nsterm.h):
103 EmacsApp : NSApplication
104 - event loop integration, interapp comms point for Finder (NSWorkspace) msgs,
106 - one global instance (NSApp)
109 EmacsView : NSView <TextInput>
110 - handles rendering of text and fringe, interapp comms for drag/drop
111 - instance for each frame
112 - child of window's content view
115 EmacsWindow : NSWindow
116 - utility override for resize handling
118 EmacsScroller : NSScroller
119 - instance for each emacs window, renders scrollbar
120 - child of window's content view
124 - image rendering, toolbar icons, stippling, fringe bitmaps
125 - instance for each image
130 - one tree of instances for menubar, one instance for each popup menu
133 EmacsToolbar : NSToolbar
134 - toolbar management, one instance for each frame
138 EmacsDialogPanel : NSPanel
139 - popup dialogs, one instance for each
142 EmacsTooltip : NSObject
143 - tooltip popups, one instance for each
146 EmacsGlyphStorage : NSObject <NSGlyphStorage>
147 - utility for text rendering
150 EmacsPrefsController : NSObject
151 - utility for preferences panel management, one global instance
153 - nextstep/Cocoa/Emacs.base/Contents/Resources/preferences.nib
154 - nextstep/GNUstep/Emacs.base/Resources/preferences.gorm
156 EmacsSavePanel : NSSavePanel
157 EmacsOpenPanel : NSOpenPanel
158 - utility override for panel notifications