1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
3 @c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
5 @node Display, Search, Registers, Top
6 @chapter Controlling the Display
8 Since only part of a large buffer fits in the window, Emacs tries to
9 show a part that is likely to be interesting. Display-control
10 commands allow you to specify which part of the text you want to see,
11 and how to display it. Many variables also affect the details of
12 redisplay. Unless otherwise stated, the variables described in this
13 chapter have their effect by customizing redisplay itself; therefore,
14 their values only make a difference at the time of redisplay.
17 * Scrolling:: Commands to move text up and down in a window.
18 * Auto Scrolling:: Redisplay scrolls text automatically when needed.
19 * Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
20 * Follow Mode:: Follow mode lets two windows scroll as one.
21 * Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
22 * Standard Faces:: Emacs' predefined faces.
23 * Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
24 * Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
25 * Fringes:: Enabling or disabling window fringes.
26 * Displaying Boundaries:: Displaying top and bottom of the buffer.
27 * Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
28 * Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
29 * Optional Mode Line:: Optional mode line display features.
30 * Text Display:: How text characters are normally displayed.
31 * Cursor Display:: Features for displaying the cursor.
32 * Line Truncation:: Truncating lines to fit the screen width instead
33 of continuing them to multiple screen lines.
34 * Display Custom:: Information on variables for customizing display.
40 If a buffer contains text that is too large to fit entirely within a
41 window that is displaying the buffer, Emacs shows a contiguous portion of
42 the text. The portion shown always contains point.
45 @dfn{Scrolling} means moving text up or down in the window so that
46 different parts of the text are visible. Scrolling ``forward'' or
47 ``up'' means that text moves up, and new text appears at the bottom.
48 Scrolling ``backward'' or ``down'' moves text down, and new text
51 Scrolling happens automatically if you move point past the bottom or
52 top of the window. You can also scroll explicitly with the commands
57 Clear screen and redisplay, scrolling the selected window to center
58 point vertically within it (@code{recenter}).
60 Scroll forward (a windowful or a specified number of lines) (@code{scroll-up}).
63 Likewise, scroll forward.
65 Scroll backward (@code{scroll-down}).
68 Likewise, scroll backward.
70 Scroll so point is on line @var{arg} (@code{recenter}).
72 Scroll heuristically to bring useful information onto the screen
73 (@code{reposition-window}).
78 The most basic scrolling command is @kbd{C-l} (@code{recenter}) with
79 no argument. It scrolls the selected window so that point is halfway
80 down from the top of the window. On a text terminal, it also clears
81 the screen and redisplays all windows. That is useful in case the
82 screen is garbled (@pxref{Screen Garbled}).
92 To read the buffer a windowful at a time, use @kbd{C-v}
93 (@code{scroll-up}) with no argument. This scrolls forward by nearly
94 the whole window height. The effect is to take the two lines at the
95 bottom of the window and put them at the top, followed by nearly a
96 whole windowful of lines that were not previously visible. If point
97 was in the text that scrolled off the top, it ends up at the new top
100 @vindex next-screen-context-lines
101 @kbd{M-v} (@code{scroll-down}) with no argument scrolls backward in
102 a similar way, also with overlap. The number of lines of overlap that
103 the @kbd{C-v} or @kbd{M-v} commands leave is controlled by the
104 variable @code{next-screen-context-lines}; by default, it is 2. The
105 function keys @key{NEXT} and @key{PRIOR}, or @key{PAGEDOWN} and
106 @key{PAGEUP}, are equivalent to @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v}.
108 The commands @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{M-v} with a numeric argument scroll
109 the text in the selected window up or down a few lines. @kbd{C-v}
110 with an argument moves the text and point up, together, that many
111 lines; it brings the same number of new lines into view at the bottom
112 of the window. @kbd{M-v} with numeric argument scrolls the text
113 downward, bringing that many new lines into view at the top of the
114 window. @kbd{C-v} with a negative argument is like @kbd{M-v} and vice
117 The names of scroll commands are based on the direction that the
118 text moves in the window. Thus, the command to scroll forward is
119 called @code{scroll-up} because it moves the text upward on the
120 screen. The keys @key{PAGEDOWN} and @key{PAGEUP} derive their names
121 and customary meanings from a different convention that developed
122 elsewhere; hence the strange result that @key{PAGEDOWN} runs
125 @vindex scroll-preserve-screen-position
126 Some users like the full-screen scroll commands to keep point at the
127 same screen line. To enable this behavior, set the variable
128 @code{scroll-preserve-screen-position} to a non-@code{nil} value. In
129 this mode, when these commands would scroll the text around point off
130 the screen, or within @code{scroll-margin} lines of the edge, they
131 moves point to keep the same vertical position within the window.
132 This mode is convenient for browsing through a file by scrolling by
133 screenfuls; if you come back to the screen where you started, point
134 goes back to the line where it started. However, this mode is
135 inconvenient when you move to the next screen in order to move point
138 Another way to do scrolling is with @kbd{C-l} with a numeric argument.
139 @kbd{C-l} does not clear the screen when given an argument; it only scrolls
140 the selected window. With a positive argument @var{n}, it repositions text
141 to put point @var{n} lines down from the top. An argument of zero puts
142 point on the very top line. Point does not move with respect to the text;
143 rather, the text and point move rigidly on the screen. @kbd{C-l} with a
144 negative argument puts point that many lines from the bottom of the window.
145 For example, @kbd{C-u - 1 C-l} puts point on the bottom line, and @kbd{C-u
146 - 5 C-l} puts it five lines from the bottom. @kbd{C-u C-l} scrolls to put
147 point at the center (vertically) of the selected window.
150 @findex reposition-window
151 The @kbd{C-M-l} command (@code{reposition-window}) scrolls the current
152 window heuristically in a way designed to get useful information onto
153 the screen. For example, in a Lisp file, this command tries to get the
154 entire current defun onto the screen if possible.
157 @section Automatic Scrolling
159 @vindex scroll-conservatively
160 Redisplay scrolls the buffer automatically when point moves out of
161 the visible portion of the text. The purpose of automatic scrolling
162 is to make point visible, but you can customize many aspects of how
165 Normally, automatic scrolling centers point vertically within the
166 window. However, if you set @code{scroll-conservatively} to a small
167 number @var{n}, then if you move point just a little off the
168 screen---less than @var{n} lines---then Emacs scrolls the text just
169 far enough to bring point back on screen. By default,
170 @code{scroll-conservatively} is 0.
172 @cindex aggressive scrolling
173 @vindex scroll-up-aggressively
174 @vindex scroll-down-aggressively
175 When the window does scroll by a longer distance, you can control
176 how aggressively it scrolls, by setting the variables
177 @code{scroll-up-aggressively} and @code{scroll-down-aggressively}.
178 The value of @code{scroll-up-aggressively} should be either
179 @code{nil}, or a fraction @var{f} between 0 and 1. A fraction
180 specifies where on the screen to put point when scrolling upward.
181 More precisely, when a window scrolls up because point is above the
182 window start, the new start position is chosen to put point @var{f}
183 part of the window height from the top. The larger @var{f}, the more
184 aggressive the scrolling.
186 @code{nil}, which is the default, scrolls to put point at the center.
187 So it is equivalent to .5.
189 Likewise, @code{scroll-down-aggressively} is used for scrolling
190 down. The value, @var{f}, specifies how far point should be placed
191 from the bottom of the window; thus, as with
192 @code{scroll-up-aggressively}, a larger value is more aggressive.
194 @vindex scroll-margin
195 The variable @code{scroll-margin} restricts how close point can come
196 to the top or bottom of a window. Its value is a number of screen
197 lines; if point comes within that many lines of the top or bottom of the
198 window, Emacs recenters the window. By default, @code{scroll-margin} is
201 @node Horizontal Scrolling
202 @section Horizontal Scrolling
203 @cindex horizontal scrolling
205 @dfn{Horizontal scrolling} means shifting all the lines sideways
206 within a window---so that some of the text near the left margin is not
207 displayed at all. When the text in a window is scrolled horizontally,
208 text lines are truncated rather than continued (@pxref{Line
209 Truncation}). Whenever a window shows truncated lines, Emacs
210 automatically updates its horizontal scrolling whenever point moves
211 off the left or right edge of the screen. You can also use these
212 commands to do explicit horizontal scrolling.
216 Scroll text in current window to the left (@code{scroll-left}).
218 Scroll to the right (@code{scroll-right}).
225 The command @kbd{C-x <} (@code{scroll-left}) scrolls the selected
226 window to the left by @var{n} columns with argument @var{n}. This moves
227 part of the beginning of each line off the left edge of the window.
228 With no argument, it scrolls by almost the full width of the window (two
229 columns less, to be precise).
231 @kbd{C-x >} (@code{scroll-right}) scrolls similarly to the right. The
232 window cannot be scrolled any farther to the right once it is displayed
233 normally (with each line starting at the window's left margin);
234 attempting to do so has no effect. This means that you don't have to
235 calculate the argument precisely for @w{@kbd{C-x >}}; any sufficiently large
236 argument will restore the normal display.
238 If you use those commands to scroll a window horizontally, that sets
239 a lower bound for automatic horizontal scrolling. Automatic scrolling
240 will continue to scroll the window, but never farther to the right
241 than the amount you previously set by @code{scroll-left}.
243 @vindex hscroll-margin
244 The value of the variable @code{hscroll-margin} controls how close
245 to the window's edges point is allowed to get before the window will
246 be automatically scrolled. It is measured in columns. If the value
247 is 5, then moving point within 5 columns of the edge causes horizontal
248 scrolling away from that edge.
251 The variable @code{hscroll-step} determines how many columns to
252 scroll the window when point gets too close to the edge. If it's
253 zero, horizontal scrolling centers point horizontally within the
254 window. If it's a positive integer, it specifies the number of
255 columns to scroll by. If it's a floating-point number, it specifies
256 the fraction of the window's width to scroll by. The default is zero.
258 @vindex auto-hscroll-mode
259 To disable automatic horizontal scrolling, set the variable
260 @code{auto-hscroll-mode} to @code{nil}.
267 @cindex windows, synchronizing
268 @cindex synchronizing windows
270 @dfn{Follow mode} is a minor mode that makes two windows, both
271 showing the same buffer, scroll as a single tall ``virtual window.''
272 To use Follow mode, go to a frame with just one window, split it into
273 two side-by-side windows using @kbd{C-x 3}, and then type @kbd{M-x
274 follow-mode}. From then on, you can edit the buffer in either of the
275 two windows, or scroll either one; the other window follows it.
277 In Follow mode, if you move point outside the portion visible in one
278 window and into the portion visible in the other window, that selects
279 the other window---again, treating the two as if they were parts of
282 To turn off Follow mode, type @kbd{M-x follow-mode} a second time.
285 @section Using Multiple Typefaces
288 You can specify various styles for displaying text using
289 @dfn{faces}. Each face can specify various @dfn{face attributes},
290 such as the font family, the height, weight and slant of the
291 characters, the foreground and background color, and underlining or
292 overlining. A face does not have to specify all of these attributes;
293 often it inherits most of them from another face.
295 On graphical display, all the Emacs face attributes are meaningful.
296 On a text-only terminal, only some of them work. Some text-only
297 terminals support inverse video, bold, and underline attributes; some
298 support colors. Text-only terminals generally do not support changing
299 the height and width or the font family.
301 Emacs uses faces automatically for highlighting, through the work of
302 Font Lock mode. @xref{Font Lock}, for more information about Font
303 Lock mode and syntactic highlighting. You can print out the buffer
304 with the highlighting that appears on your screen using the command
305 @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}. @xref{PostScript}.
307 You control the appearance of a part of the text in the buffer by
308 specifying the face or faces to use for it. The style of display used
309 for any given character is determined by combining the attributes of
310 all the applicable faces specified for that character. Any attribute
311 that isn't specified by these faces is taken from the @code{default} face,
312 whose attributes reflect the default settings of the frame itself.
314 Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several
315 commands and menus for specifying faces for text in the buffer.
316 @xref{Format Faces}, for how to specify the font for text in the
317 buffer. @xref{Format Colors}, for how to specify the foreground and
320 @cindex face colors, setting
321 @findex set-face-foreground
322 @findex set-face-background
323 To alter the appearance of a face, use the customization buffer.
324 @xref{Face Customization}. You can also use X resources to specify
325 attributes of particular faces (@pxref{Resources}). Alternatively,
326 you can change the foreground and background colors of a specific face
327 with @kbd{M-x set-face-foreground} and @kbd{M-x set-face-background}.
328 These commands prompt in the minibuffer for a face name and a color
329 name, with completion, and then set that face to use the specified
330 color. Changing the colors of the @code{default} face also changes
331 the foreground and background colors on all frames, both existing and
332 those to be created in the future. (You can also set foreground and
333 background colors for the current frame only; see @ref{Frame
336 Emacs can correctly display variable-width fonts, but Emacs commands
337 that calculate width and indentation do not know how to calculate
338 variable widths. This can sometimes lead to incorrect results when
339 you use variable-width fonts. In particular, indentation commands can
340 give inconsistent results, so we recommend you avoid variable-width
341 fonts for editing program source code. Filling will sometimes make
342 lines too long or too short. We plan to address these issues in
343 future Emacs versions.
346 @section Standard Faces
348 @findex list-faces-display
349 To see what faces are currently defined, and what they look like,
350 type @kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. It's possible for a given face to
351 look different in different frames; this command shows the appearance
352 in the frame in which you type it.
354 Here are the standard faces for specifying text appearance. You can
355 apply them to specific text when you want the effects they produce.
359 This face is used for ordinary text that doesn't specify any face.
361 This face uses a bold variant of the default font, if it has one.
362 It's up to you to choose a default font that has a bold variant,
363 if you want to use one.
365 This face uses an italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
367 This face uses a bold italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
369 This face underlines text.
371 This face forces use of a particular fixed-width font.
373 This face forces use of a particular variable-width font. It's
374 reasonable to customize this face to use a different variable-width font,
375 if you like, but you should not make it a fixed-width font.
377 This face is used for making the text less noticeable than the surrounding
378 ordinary text. Usually this can be achieved by using shades of gray in
379 contrast with either black or white default foreground color.
382 Here's an incomplete list of faces used to highlight parts of the
383 text temporarily for specific purposes. (Many other modes define
384 their own faces for this purpose.)
388 This face is used for highlighting portions of text, in various modes.
389 For example, mouse-sensitive text is highlighted using this face.
391 This face is used for highlighting the current Isearch match.
393 This face is used for highlighting the current Query Replace match.
395 This face is used for lazy highlighting of Isearch and Query Replace
396 matches other than the current one.
398 This face is used for displaying a selected region (when Transient Mark
399 mode is enabled---see below).
400 @item secondary-selection
401 This face is used for displaying a secondary X selection (@pxref{Secondary
403 @item trailing-whitespace
404 The face for highlighting excess spaces and tabs at the end of a line
405 when @code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-@code{nil}; see
406 @ref{Useless Whitespace}.
408 The face for displaying the character ``nobreak space.''
410 The face for highlighting the @samp{\} or @samp{^} that indicates
411 a control character. It's also used when @samp{\} indicates a
412 nobreak space or nobreak (soft) hyphen.
415 @cindex @code{region} face
416 When Transient Mark mode is enabled, the text of the region is
417 highlighted when the mark is active. This uses the face named
418 @code{region}; you can control the style of highlighting by changing the
419 style of this face (@pxref{Face Customization}). @xref{Transient Mark},
420 for more information about Transient Mark mode and activation and
421 deactivation of the mark.
423 These faces control the appearance of parts of the Emacs frame.
424 They exist as faces to provide a consistent way to customize the
425 appearance of these parts of the frame.
430 This face is used for the mode line of the currently selected window,
431 and for menu bars when toolkit menus are not used. By default, it's
432 drawn with shadows for a ``raised'' effect on graphical displays, and
433 drawn as the inverse of the default face on non-windowed terminals.
434 @code{modeline} is an alias for the @code{mode-line} face, for
435 compatibility with old Emacs versions.
436 @item mode-line-inactive
437 Like @code{mode-line}, but used for mode lines of the windows other
438 than the selected one (if @code{mode-line-in-non-selected-windows} is
439 non-@code{nil}). This face inherits from @code{mode-line}, so changes
440 in that face affect mode lines in all windows.
441 @item mode-line-highlight
442 Like @code{highlight}, but used for portions of text on mode lines.
443 @item mode-line-buffer-id
444 This face is used for buffer identification parts in the mode line.
446 Similar to @code{mode-line} for a window's header line, which appears
447 at the top of a window just as the mode line appears at the bottom.
448 Most windows do not have a header line---only some special modes, such
449 Info mode, create one.
450 @item vertical-border
451 This face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
452 By default this face inherits from the @code{mode-line-inactive} face
453 on character terminals. On graphical displays the foreground color of
454 this face is used for the vertical line between windows without
456 @item minibuffer-prompt
457 @cindex @code{minibuffer-prompt} face
458 @vindex minibuffer-prompt-properties
459 This face is used for the prompt strings displayed in the minibuffer.
460 By default, Emacs automatically adds this face to the value of
461 @code{minibuffer-prompt-properties}, which is a list of text
462 properties used to display the prompt text. (This variable takes
463 effect when you enter the minibuffer.)
465 @cindex @code{fringe} face
466 The face for the fringes to the left and right of windows on graphic
467 displays. (The fringes are the narrow portions of the Emacs frame
468 between the text area and the window's right and left borders.)
471 This face determines the visual appearance of the scroll bar.
474 This face determines the color of the frame border.
476 This face determines the color of the cursor.
478 This face determines the color of the mouse pointer.
480 This face determines the color of tool bar icons. @xref{Tool Bars}.
482 This face is used for tooltips. @xref{Tooltips}.
484 @cindex menu bar appearance
485 @cindex @code{menu} face, no effect if customized
486 @cindex customization of @code{menu} face
487 This face determines the colors and font of Emacs's menus. @xref{Menu
488 Bars}. Setting the font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not
489 supported; attempts to set the font are ignored in this case.
490 Likewise, attempts to customize this face in Emacs built with GTK and
491 in the MS-Windows/Mac ports are ignored by the respective GUI toolkits;
492 you need to use system-wide styles and options to change the
493 appearance of the menus.
497 @section Font Lock mode
498 @cindex Font Lock mode
499 @cindex mode, Font Lock
500 @cindex syntax highlighting and coloring
502 Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular buffer,
503 which highlights (or ``fontifies'') the buffer contents according to
504 the syntax of the text you are editing. It can recognize comments and
505 strings in most languages; in several languages, it can also recognize
506 and properly highlight various other important constructs---for
507 example, names of functions being defined or reserved keywords.
508 Some special modes, such as Occur mode and Info mode, have completely
509 specialized ways of assigning fonts for Font Lock mode.
511 @findex font-lock-mode
512 Font Lock mode is turned on by default in all modes which support it.
513 You can toggle font-lock for each buffer with the command @kbd{M-x
514 font-lock-mode}. Using a positive argument unconditionally turns Font
515 Lock mode on, and a negative or zero argument turns it off.
517 @findex global-font-lock-mode
518 @vindex global-font-lock-mode
519 If you do not wish Font Lock mode to be turned on by default,
520 customize the variable @code{global-font-lock-mode} using the Customize
521 interface (@pxref{Easy Customization}), or use the function
522 @code{global-font-lock-mode} in your @file{.emacs} file, like this:
525 (global-font-lock-mode 0)
529 This variable, like all the variables that control Font Lock mode,
530 take effect whenever fontification is done; that is, potentially at
533 @findex turn-on-font-lock
534 If you have disabled Global Font Lock mode, you can still enable Font
535 Lock for specific major modes by adding the function
536 @code{turn-on-font-lock} to the mode hooks (@pxref{Hooks}). For
537 example, to enable Font Lock mode for editing C files, you can do this:
540 (add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
543 Font Lock mode uses several specifically named faces to do its job,
544 including @code{font-lock-string-face}, @code{font-lock-comment-face},
545 and others. The easiest way to find them all is to use @kbd{M-x
546 customize-group @key{RET} font-lock-faces @key{RET}}. You can then
547 use that customization buffer to customize the appearance of these
548 faces. @xref{Face Customization}.
550 You can also customize these faces using @kbd{M-x
551 set-face-foreground} or @kbd{M-x set-face-background}. @xref{Faces}.
553 @vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration
554 The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} specifies the
555 preferred level of fontification, for modes that provide multiple
556 levels. Level 1 is the least amount of fontification; some modes
557 support levels as high as 3. The normal default is ``as high as
558 possible.'' You can specify an integer, which applies to all modes, or
559 you can specify different numbers for particular major modes; for
560 example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level
564 (setq font-lock-maximum-decoration
565 '((c-mode . 1) (c++-mode . 1)))
568 @vindex font-lock-maximum-size
569 Fontification can be too slow for large buffers, so you can suppress
570 it for buffers above a certain size. The variable
571 @code{font-lock-maximum-size} specifies a buffer size, beyond which
572 buffer fontification is suppressed.
574 @c @w is used below to prevent a bad page-break.
575 @vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function
576 @cindex incorrect fontification
577 @cindex parenthesis in column zero and fontification
578 @cindex brace in column zero and fontification
579 Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification)
580 relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For
581 the sake of speed, some modes, including Lisp mode, rely on a special
582 convention: an open-parenthesis or open-brace in the leftmost column
583 always defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is thus always
584 outside any string or comment. (@xref{Left Margin Paren}.) If you
585 don't follow this convention, Font Lock mode can misfontify the text
586 that follows an open-parenthesis or open-brace in the leftmost column
587 that is inside a string or comment.
589 @cindex slow display during scrolling
590 The variable @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (always
591 buffer-local) specifies how Font Lock mode can find a position
592 guaranteed to be outside any comment or string. In modes which use the
593 leftmost column parenthesis convention, the default value of the variable
594 is @code{beginning-of-defun}---that tells Font Lock mode to use the
595 convention. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, Font Lock no longer
596 relies on the convention. This avoids incorrect results, but the price
597 is that, in some cases, fontification for a changed text must rescan
598 buffer text from the beginning of the buffer. This can considerably
599 slow down redisplay while scrolling, particularly if you are close to
600 the end of a large buffer.
602 @findex font-lock-add-keywords
603 Font Lock highlighting patterns already exist for many modes, but you
604 may want to fontify additional patterns. You can use the function
605 @code{font-lock-add-keywords}, to add your own highlighting patterns for
606 a particular mode. For example, to highlight @samp{FIXME:} words in C
610 (font-lock-add-keywords
612 '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face t)))
615 @findex font-lock-remove-keywords
616 To remove keywords from the font-lock highlighting patterns, use the
617 function @code{font-lock-remove-keywords}. @xref{Search-based
618 Fontification,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}, for
619 documentation of the format of this list.
621 @cindex just-in-time (JIT) font-lock
622 @cindex background syntax highlighting
623 Fontifying large buffers can take a long time. To avoid large
624 delays when a file is visited, Emacs fontifies only the visible
625 portion of a buffer. As you scroll through the buffer, each portion
626 that becomes visible is fontified as soon as it is displayed. The
627 parts of the buffer that are not displayed are fontified
628 ``stealthily,'' in the background, i.e.@: when Emacs is idle. You can
629 control this background fontification, also called @dfn{Just-In-Time}
630 (or @dfn{JIT}) Lock, by customizing variables in the customization
631 group @samp{jit-lock}. @xref{Specific Customization}.
633 @node Highlight Interactively
634 @section Interactive Highlighting
635 @cindex highlighting by matching
636 @cindex interactive highlighting
637 @cindex Highlight Changes mode
639 @findex highlight-changes-mode
640 Use @kbd{M-x highlight-changes-mode} to enable (or disable)
641 Highlight Changes mode, a minor mode that uses faces (colors,
642 typically) to indicate which parts of the buffer were changed most
647 Hi Lock mode is another minor mode, which highlights text that
648 matches your specified regular expressions. For example, you might
649 wish to see all the references to a certain variable in a program
650 source file, highlight certain parts in a voluminous output of some
651 program, or make certain names stand out in an article. Use the
652 @kbd{M-x hi-lock-mode} command to enable (or disable) Hi Lock mode.
653 To enable Hi Lock mode for all buffers, use @kbd{M-x
654 global-hi-lock-mode} or place @code{(global-hi-lock-mode 1)} in your
657 Hi Lock mode works like Font Lock mode (@pxref{Font Lock}), except
658 that you specify explicitly the regular expressions to highlight. You
659 control them with these commands:
662 @item C-x w h @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}
664 @findex highlight-regexp
665 Highlight text that matches @var{regexp} using face @var{face}
666 (@code{highlight-regexp}). The highlighting will remain as long as
667 the buffer is loaded. For example, to highlight all occurrences of
668 the word ``whim'' using the default face (a yellow background)
669 @kbd{C-x w h whim @key{RET} @key{RET}}. Any face can be used for
670 highlighting, Hi Lock provides several of its own and these are
671 pre-loaded into a history list. While being prompted for a face use
672 @kbd{M-p} and @kbd{M-n} to cycle through them.
674 You can use this command multiple times, specifying various regular
675 expressions to highlight in different ways.
677 @item C-x w r @var{regexp} @key{RET}
679 @findex unhighlight-regexp
680 Unhighlight @var{regexp} (@code{unhighlight-regexp}).
682 If you invoke this from the menu, you select the expression to
683 unhighlight from a list. If you invoke this from the keyboard, you
684 use the minibuffer. It will show the most recently added regular
685 expression; use @kbd{M-p} to show the next older expression and
686 @kbd{M-n} to select the next newer expression. (You can also type the
687 expression by hand, with completion.) When the expression you want to
688 unhighlight appears in the minibuffer, press @kbd{@key{RET}} to exit
689 the minibuffer and unhighlight it.
691 @item C-x w l @var{regexp} @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}
693 @findex highlight-lines-matching-regexp
694 @cindex lines, highlighting
695 @cindex highlighting lines of text
696 Highlight entire lines containing a match for @var{regexp}, using face
697 @var{face} (@code{highlight-lines-matching-regexp}).
701 @findex hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns
702 Insert all the current highlighting regexp/face pairs into the buffer
703 at point, with comment delimiters to prevent them from changing your
704 program. (This key binding runs the
705 @code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns} command.)
707 These patterns will be read the next time you visit the file while
708 Hi Lock mode is enabled, or whenever you use the @kbd{M-x
709 hi-lock-find-patterns} command.
713 @findex hi-lock-find-patterns
714 @vindex hi-lock-exclude-modes
715 Re-read regexp/face pairs in the current buffer
716 (@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}). Users familiar with Font
717 Lock keywords might interactively enter patterns
718 (@code{highlight-regexp}), write them into the file
719 (@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}), edit them, perhaps
720 including different faces for different parenthesized parts of the
721 match, and finally use this command
722 (@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}) to have Hi Lock highlight
725 This command does nothing if the current major mode's symbol is a member
726 of the list @code{hi-lock-exclude-modes}.
730 @section Window Fringes
733 On a graphical display, each Emacs window normally has narrow
734 @dfn{fringes} on the left and right edges. The fringes display
735 indications about the text in the window.
737 The most common use of the fringes is to indicate a continuation
738 line, when one line of text is split into multiple lines on the
739 screen. The left fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line
740 except the first, indicating that ``this is not the real beginning.''
741 The right fringe shows a curving arrow for each screen line except the
742 last, indicating that ``this is not the real end.''
744 The fringes indicate line truncation with short horizontal arrows
745 meaning ``there's more text on this line which is scrolled
746 horizontally out of view;'' clicking the mouse on one of the arrows
747 scrolls the display horizontally in the direction of the arrow. The
748 fringes can also indicate other things, such as empty lines, or where a
749 program you are debugging is executing (@pxref{Debuggers}).
751 @findex set-fringe-style
753 You can enable and disable the fringes for all frames using
754 @kbd{M-x fringe-mode}. To enable and disable the fringes
755 for the selected frame, use @kbd{M-x set-fringe-style}.
757 @node Displaying Boundaries
758 @section Displaying Boundaries
760 @vindex indicate-buffer-boundaries
761 On a graphical display, Emacs can indicate the buffer boundaries in
762 the fringes. It indicates the first line and the last line with
763 angle images in the fringes. This can be combined with up and down
764 arrow images which say whether it is possible to scroll the window up
767 The buffer-local variable @code{indicate-buffer-boundaries} controls
768 how the buffer boundaries and window scrolling is indicated in the
769 fringes. If the value is @code{left} or @code{right}, both angle and
770 arrow bitmaps are displayed in the left or right fringe, respectively.
772 If value is an alist, each element @code{(@var{indicator} .
773 @var{position})} specifies the position of one of the indicators.
774 The @var{indicator} must be one of @code{top}, @code{bottom},
775 @code{up}, @code{down}, or @code{t} which specifies the default
776 position for the indicators not present in the alist.
777 The @var{position} is one of @code{left}, @code{right}, or @code{nil}
778 which specifies not to show this indicator.
780 For example, @code{((top . left) (t . right))} places the top angle
781 bitmap in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and
782 both arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in
783 the left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use @code{((top . left)
786 @vindex default-indicate-buffer-boundaries
787 The value of the variable @code{default-indicate-buffer-boundaries}
788 is the default value for @code{indicate-buffer-boundaries} in buffers
789 that do not override it.
791 @node Useless Whitespace
792 @section Useless Whitespace
794 @cindex trailing whitespace
795 @cindex whitespace, trailing
796 @vindex show-trailing-whitespace
797 It is easy to leave unnecessary spaces at the end of a line, or
798 empty lines at the end of a file, without realizing it. In most
799 cases, this @dfn{trailing whitespace} has no effect, but there are
800 special circumstances where it matters. It can also be a nuisance
801 that the line has ``changed,'' when the change is just spaces added or
804 You can make trailing whitespace at the end of a line visible on the
805 screen by setting the buffer-local variable
806 @code{show-trailing-whitespace} to @code{t}. Then Emacs displays
807 trailing whitespace in the face @code{trailing-whitespace}.
809 This feature does not apply when point is at the end of the line
810 containing the whitespace. Strictly speaking, that is ``trailing
811 whitespace'' nonetheless, but displaying it specially in that case
812 looks ugly while you are typing in new text. In this special case,
813 the location of point is enough to show you that the spaces are
816 @findex delete-trailing-whitespace
817 To delete all trailing whitespace within the current buffer's
818 accessible portion (@pxref{Narrowing}), type @kbd{M-x
819 delete-trailing-whitespace @key{RET}}. (This command does not remove
820 the form-feed characters.)
822 @vindex indicate-empty-lines
823 @vindex default-indicate-empty-lines
825 @cindex fringes, and unused line indication
826 Emacs can indicate unused lines at the end of the window with a
827 small image in the left fringe (@pxref{Fringes}). The image appears
828 for window lines that do not correspond to any buffer text. Blank
829 lines at the end of the buffer then stand out because they do not have
830 this image in the fringe.
832 To enable this feature, set the buffer-local variable
833 @code{indicate-empty-lines} to a non-@code{nil} value. The default
834 value of this variable is controlled by the variable
835 @code{default-indicate-empty-lines}; by setting that variable, you
836 can enable or disable this feature for all new buffers. (This feature
837 currently doesn't work on text-only terminals.)
839 @node Selective Display
840 @section Selective Display
841 @cindex selective display
842 @findex set-selective-display
845 Emacs has the ability to hide lines indented more than a certain number
846 of columns (you specify how many columns). You can use this to get an
847 overview of a part of a program.
849 To hide lines in the current buffer, type @kbd{C-x $}
850 (@code{set-selective-display}) with a numeric argument @var{n}. Then
851 lines with at least @var{n} columns of indentation disappear from the
852 screen. The only indication of their presence is that three dots
853 (@samp{@dots{}}) appear at the end of each visible line that is
854 followed by one or more hidden ones.
856 The commands @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p} move across the hidden lines as
857 if they were not there.
859 The hidden lines are still present in the buffer, and most editing
860 commands see them as usual, so you may find point in the middle of the
861 hidden text. When this happens, the cursor appears at the end of the
862 previous line, after the three dots. If point is at the end of the
863 visible line, before the newline that ends it, the cursor appears before
866 To make all lines visible again, type @kbd{C-x $} with no argument.
868 @vindex selective-display-ellipses
869 If you set the variable @code{selective-display-ellipses} to
870 @code{nil}, the three dots do not appear at the end of a line that
871 precedes hidden lines. Then there is no visible indication of the
872 hidden lines. This variable becomes local automatically when set.
874 See also @ref{Outline Mode} for another way to hide part of
875 the text in a buffer.
877 @node Optional Mode Line
878 @section Optional Mode Line Features
880 @cindex buffer size display
881 @cindex display of buffer size
882 @findex size-indication-mode
883 The buffer percentage @var{pos} indicates the percentage of the
884 buffer above the top of the window. You can additionally display the
885 size of the buffer by typing @kbd{M-x size-indication-mode} to turn on
886 Size Indication mode. The size will be displayed immediately
887 following the buffer percentage like this:
890 @var{POS} of @var{SIZE}
894 Here @var{SIZE} is the human readable representation of the number of
895 characters in the buffer, which means that @samp{k} for 10^3, @samp{M}
896 for 10^6, @samp{G} for 10^9, etc., are used to abbreviate.
898 @cindex narrowing, and buffer size display
899 If you have narrowed the buffer (@pxref{Narrowing}), the size of the
900 accessible part of the buffer is shown.
902 @cindex line number display
903 @cindex display of line number
904 @findex line-number-mode
905 The current line number of point appears in the mode line when Line
906 Number mode is enabled. Use the command @kbd{M-x line-number-mode} to
907 turn this mode on and off; normally it is on. The line number appears
908 after the buffer percentage @var{pos}, with the letter @samp{L} to
909 indicate what it is. @xref{Minor Modes}, for more information about
910 minor modes and about how to use this command.
912 @cindex narrowing, and line number display
913 If you have narrowed the buffer (@pxref{Narrowing}), the displayed
914 line number is relative to the accessible portion of the buffer.
915 Thus, it isn't suitable as an argument to @code{goto-line}. (Use
916 @code{what-line} command to see the line number relative to the whole
919 @vindex line-number-display-limit
920 If the buffer is very large (larger than the value of
921 @code{line-number-display-limit}), then the line number doesn't appear.
922 Emacs doesn't compute the line number when the buffer is large, because
923 that would be too slow. Set it to @code{nil} to remove the limit.
925 @vindex line-number-display-limit-width
926 Line-number computation can also be slow if the lines in the buffer
927 are too long. For this reason, Emacs normally doesn't display line
928 numbers if the average width, in characters, of lines near point is
929 larger than the value of the variable
930 @code{line-number-display-limit-width}. The default value is 200
933 @cindex Column Number mode
934 @cindex mode, Column Number
935 @findex column-number-mode
936 You can also display the current column number by turning on Column
937 Number mode. It displays the current column number preceded by the
938 letter @samp{C}. Type @kbd{M-x column-number-mode} to toggle this mode.
941 @cindex time (on mode line)
942 Emacs can optionally display the time and system load in all mode
943 lines. To enable this feature, type @kbd{M-x display-time} or customize
944 the option @code{display-time-mode}. The information added to the mode
945 line usually appears after the buffer name, before the mode names and
946 their parentheses. It looks like this:
949 @var{hh}:@var{mm}pm @var{l.ll}
953 @vindex display-time-24hr-format
954 Here @var{hh} and @var{mm} are the hour and minute, followed always by
955 @samp{am} or @samp{pm}. @var{l.ll} is the average number of running
956 processes in the whole system recently. (Some fields may be missing if
957 your operating system cannot support them.) If you prefer time display
958 in 24-hour format, set the variable @code{display-time-24hr-format}
961 @cindex mail (on mode line)
962 @vindex display-time-use-mail-icon
963 @vindex display-time-mail-face
964 @vindex display-time-mail-file
965 @vindex display-time-mail-directory
966 The word @samp{Mail} appears after the load level if there is mail
967 for you that you have not read yet. On a graphical display you can use
968 an icon instead of @samp{Mail} by customizing
969 @code{display-time-use-mail-icon}; this may save some space on the mode
970 line. You can customize @code{display-time-mail-face} to make the mail
971 indicator prominent. Use @code{display-time-mail-file} to specify
972 the mail file to check, or set @code{display-time-mail-directory}
973 to specify the directory to check for incoming mail (any nonempty regular
974 file in the directory is considered as ``newly arrived mail'').
976 @cindex mode line, 3D appearance
977 @cindex attributes of mode line, changing
978 @cindex non-integral number of lines in a window
979 By default, the mode line is drawn on graphics displays with
980 3D-style highlighting, like that of a button when it is not being
981 pressed. If you don't like this effect, you can disable the 3D
982 highlighting of the mode line, by customizing the attributes of the
983 @code{mode-line} face. @xref{Face Customization}.
985 @cindex non-selected windows, mode line appearance
986 By default, the mode line of nonselected windows is displayed in a
987 different face, called @code{mode-line-inactive}. Only the selected
988 window is displayed in the @code{mode-line} face. This helps show
989 which window is selected. When the minibuffer is selected, since
990 it has no mode line, the window from which you activated the minibuffer
991 has its mode line displayed using @code{mode-line}; as a result,
992 ordinary entry to the minibuffer does not change any mode lines.
994 @vindex mode-line-in-non-selected-windows
995 You can disable use of @code{mode-line-inactive} by setting variable
996 @code{mode-line-in-non-selected-windows} to @code{nil}; then all mode
997 lines are displayed in the @code{mode-line} face.
999 @vindex eol-mnemonic-unix
1000 @vindex eol-mnemonic-dos
1001 @vindex eol-mnemonic-mac
1002 @vindex eol-mnemonic-undecided
1003 You can customize the mode line display for each of the end-of-line
1004 formats by setting each of the variables @code{eol-mnemonic-unix},
1005 @code{eol-mnemonic-dos}, @code{eol-mnemonic-mac}, and
1006 @code{eol-mnemonic-undecided} to the strings you prefer.
1009 @section How Text Is Displayed
1010 @cindex characters (in text)
1012 @acronym{ASCII} printing characters (octal codes 040 through 0176) in Emacs
1013 buffers are displayed with their graphics, as are non-ASCII multibyte
1014 printing characters (octal codes above 0400).
1016 Some @acronym{ASCII} control characters are displayed in special ways. The
1017 newline character (octal code 012) is displayed by starting a new line.
1018 The tab character (octal code 011) is displayed by moving to the next
1019 tab stop column (normally every 8 columns).
1021 Other @acronym{ASCII} control characters are normally displayed as a caret
1022 (@samp{^}) followed by the non-control version of the character; thus,
1023 control-A is displayed as @samp{^A}. The caret appears in face
1024 @code{escape-glyph}.
1026 Non-@acronym{ASCII} characters 0200 through 0237 (octal) are
1027 displayed with octal escape sequences; thus, character code 0230
1028 (octal) is displayed as @samp{\230}. The backslash appears in face
1029 @code{escape-glyph}.
1032 If the variable @code{ctl-arrow} is @code{nil}, control characters in
1033 the buffer are displayed with octal escape sequences, except for newline
1034 and tab. Altering the value of @code{ctl-arrow} makes it local to the
1035 current buffer; until that time, the default value is in effect. The
1036 default is initially @code{t}.
1038 The display of character codes 0240 through 0377 (octal) may be
1039 either as escape sequences or as graphics. They do not normally occur
1040 in multibyte buffers, but if they do, they are displayed as Latin-1
1041 graphics. In unibyte mode, if you enable European display they are
1042 displayed using their graphics (assuming your terminal supports them),
1043 otherwise as escape sequences. @xref{Unibyte Mode}.
1045 @vindex nobreak-char-display
1046 @cindex no-break space, display
1047 @cindex no-break hyphen, display
1048 @cindex soft hyphen, display
1049 Some character sets define ``no-break'' versions of the space and
1050 hyphen characters, which are used where a line should not be broken.
1051 Emacs normally displays these characters with special faces
1052 (respectively, @code{nobreak-space} and @code{escape-glyph}) to
1053 distinguish them from ordinary spaces and hyphens. You can turn off
1054 this feature by setting the variable @code{nobreak-char-display} to
1055 @code{nil}. If you set the variable to any other value, that means to
1056 prefix these characters with an escape character.
1059 @vindex default-tab-width
1060 Normally, a tab character in the buffer is displayed as whitespace which
1061 extends to the next display tab stop position, and display tab stops come
1062 at intervals equal to eight spaces. The number of spaces per tab is
1063 controlled by the variable @code{tab-width}, which is made local by
1064 changing it. Note that how the tab character
1065 in the buffer is displayed has nothing to do with the definition of
1066 @key{TAB} as a command. The variable @code{tab-width} must have an
1067 integer value between 1 and 1000, inclusive. The variable
1068 @code{default-tab-width} controls the default value of this variable
1069 for buffers where you have not set it locally.
1071 You can customize the way any particular character code is displayed
1072 by means of a display table. @xref{Display Tables,, Display Tables,
1073 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
1075 @node Cursor Display
1076 @section Displaying the Cursor
1078 @findex blink-cursor-mode
1079 @vindex blink-cursor-alist
1080 @cindex cursor, locating visually
1081 @cindex cursor, blinking
1082 You can customize the cursor's color, and whether it blinks, using
1083 the @code{cursor} Custom group (@pxref{Easy Customization}). On
1084 a graphical display, the command @kbd{M-x blink-cursor-mode} enables
1085 or disables the blinking of the cursor. (On text terminals, the
1086 terminal itself blinks the cursor, and Emacs has no control over it.)
1087 You can control how the cursor appears when it blinks off by setting
1088 the variable @code{blink-cursor-alist}.
1090 @vindex visible-cursor
1091 Some text terminals offer two different cursors: the normal cursor
1092 and the very visible cursor, where the latter may be e.g. bigger or
1093 blinking. By default Emacs uses the very visible cursor, and switches
1094 to it when you start or resume Emacs. If the variable
1095 @code{visible-cursor} is @code{nil} when Emacs starts or resumes, it
1096 doesn't switch, so it uses the normal cursor.
1098 @cindex cursor in non-selected windows
1099 @vindex cursor-in-non-selected-windows
1100 Normally, the cursor appears in non-selected windows in the ``off''
1101 state, with the same appearance as when the blinking cursor blinks
1102 ``off.'' For a box cursor, this is a hollow box; for a bar cursor,
1103 this is a thinner bar. To turn off cursors in non-selected windows,
1104 customize the variable @code{cursor-in-non-selected-windows} and assign
1105 it a @code{nil} value.
1107 @vindex x-stretch-cursor
1108 @cindex wide block cursor
1109 On graphical displays, Emacs can optionally draw the block cursor
1110 as wide as the character under the cursor---for example, if the cursor
1111 is on a tab character, it would cover the full width occupied by that
1112 tab character. To enable this feature, set the variable
1113 @code{x-stretch-cursor} to a non-@code{nil} value.
1115 @findex hl-line-mode
1116 @findex global-hl-line-mode
1117 @cindex highlight current line
1118 To make the cursor even more visible, you can use HL Line mode, a
1119 minor mode that highlights the line containing point. Use @kbd{M-x
1120 hl-line-mode} to enable or disable it in the current buffer. @kbd{M-x
1121 global-hl-line-mode} enables or disables the same mode globally.
1123 @node Line Truncation
1124 @section Truncation of Lines
1127 @cindex line truncation, and fringes
1128 As an alternative to continuation, Emacs can display long lines by
1129 @dfn{truncation}. This means that all the characters that do not fit
1130 in the width of the screen or window do not appear at all. On
1131 graphical displays, a small straight arrow in the fringe indicates
1132 truncation at either end of the line. On text-only terminals, @samp{$}
1133 appears in the first column when there is text truncated to the left,
1134 and in the last column when there is text truncated to the right.
1136 @vindex truncate-lines
1137 @findex toggle-truncate-lines
1138 Horizontal scrolling automatically causes line truncation
1139 (@pxref{Horizontal Scrolling}). You can explicitly enable line
1140 truncation for a particular buffer with the command @kbd{M-x
1141 toggle-truncate-lines}. This works by locally changing the variable
1142 @code{truncate-lines}. If that variable is non-@code{nil}, long lines
1143 are truncated; if it is @code{nil}, they are continued onto multiple
1144 screen lines. Setting the variable @code{truncate-lines} in any way
1145 makes it local to the current buffer; until that time, the default
1146 value is in effect. The default value is normally @code{nil}.
1148 @c @vindex truncate-partial-width-windows @c Idx entry is in Split Windows.
1149 If the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is
1150 non-@code{nil}, it forces truncation rather than continuation in any
1151 window less than the full width of the screen or frame, regardless of
1152 the value of @code{truncate-lines}. For information about side-by-side
1153 windows, see @ref{Split Window}. See also @ref{Display,, Display,
1154 elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
1156 @vindex overflow-newline-into-fringe
1157 If the variable @code{overflow-newline-into-fringe} is
1158 non-@code{nil} on a graphical display, then Emacs does not continue or
1159 truncate a line which is exactly as wide as the window. Instead, the
1160 newline overflows into the right fringe, and the cursor appears in the
1161 fringe when positioned on that newline.
1163 @node Display Custom
1164 @section Customization of Display
1166 This section describes variables (@pxref{Variables}) that you can
1167 change to customize how Emacs displays. Beginning users can skip
1169 @c the reason for that pxref is because an xref early in the
1170 @c ``echo area'' section leads here.
1172 @vindex inverse-video
1173 If the variable @code{inverse-video} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs attempts
1174 to invert all the lines of the display from what they normally are.
1176 @vindex visible-bell
1177 If the variable @code{visible-bell} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs attempts
1178 to make the whole screen blink when it would normally make an audible bell
1179 sound. This variable has no effect if your terminal does not have a way
1180 to make the screen blink.
1182 @vindex echo-keystrokes
1183 The variable @code{echo-keystrokes} controls the echoing of multi-character
1184 keys; its value is the number of seconds of pause required to cause echoing
1185 to start, or zero, meaning don't echo at all. The value takes effect when
1186 there is someting to echo. @xref{Echo Area}.
1189 The variable @anchor{baud-rate}@code{baud-rate} holds the output
1190 speed of the terminal, as far as Emacs knows. Setting this variable
1191 does not change the speed of actual data transmission, but the value
1192 is used for calculations. On text-only terminals, it affects padding,
1193 and decisions about whether to scroll part of the screen or redraw it
1194 instead. It also affects the behavior of incremental search.
1196 On graphical displays, @code{baud-rate} is only used to determine
1197 how frequently to look for pending input during display updating. A
1198 higher value of @code{baud-rate} means that check for pending input
1199 will be done less frequently.
1201 @cindex hourglass pointer display
1202 @vindex hourglass-delay
1203 On graphical display, Emacs can optionally display the mouse pointer
1204 in a special shape to say that Emacs is busy. To turn this feature on
1205 or off, customize the group @code{cursor}. You can also control the
1206 amount of time Emacs must remain busy before the busy indicator is
1207 displayed, by setting the variable @code{hourglass-delay}.
1209 @vindex overline-margin
1210 On graphical display, this variables specifies the vertical position
1211 of an overline above the text, including the height of the overline
1212 itself (1 pixel). The default value is 2 pixels.
1214 @vindex x-underline-at-descent-line
1215 On graphical display, Emacs normally draws an underline at the
1216 baseline level of the font. If @code{x-underline-at-descent-line} is
1217 non-@code{nil}, Emacs draws the underline at the same height as the
1218 font's descent line.
1220 @findex tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors
1221 On some text-only terminals, bold face and inverse video together
1222 result in text that is hard to read. Call the function
1223 @code{tty-suppress-bold-inverse-default-colors} with a non-@code{nil}
1224 argument to suppress the effect of bold-face in this case.
1226 @vindex no-redraw-on-reenter
1227 On a text-only terminal, when you reenter Emacs after suspending, Emacs
1228 normally clears the screen and redraws the entire display. On some
1229 terminals with more than one page of memory, it is possible to arrange
1230 the termcap entry so that the @samp{ti} and @samp{te} strings (output
1231 to the terminal when Emacs is entered and exited, respectively) switch
1232 between pages of memory so as to use one page for Emacs and another
1233 page for other output. On such terminals, you might want to set the variable
1234 @code{no-redraw-on-reenter} non-@code{nil}; this tells Emacs to
1235 assume, when resumed, that the screen page it is using still contains
1236 what Emacs last wrote there.
1239 arch-tag: 2219f910-2ff0-4521-b059-1bd231a536c4