lisp/language/ethio-util.el

   1 ;;; ethio-util.el --- utilities for Ethiopic -*- coding: iso-2022-7bit; -*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 2001 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
   4 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
   5
   6 ;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, Ethiopic
   7
   8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
   9
  10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  13 ;; any later version.
  14
  15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  19
  20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  21 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  22 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  23 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  24
  25 ;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@m17n.org>
  26
  27 ;;; Code:
  28
  29 ;; Information for exiting Ethiopic environment.
  30 (defvar exit-ethiopic-environment-data nil)
  31
  32 ;;;###autoload
  33 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment-internal ()
  34   (let ((key-bindings '((" " . ethio-insert-space)
  35                         ([?\S- ] . ethio-insert-ethio-space)
  36                         ([?\C-'] . ethio-gemination)
  37
  38                         ;; these old bindings conflict
  39                         ;; with Emacs' binding policy
  40
  41                         ;; ([f2] . ethio-toggle-space)
  42                         ;; ([S-f2] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  43                         ;; ([f3] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  44                         ;; ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  45                         ;; ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  46                         ;; ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  47                         ;; ([f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  48                         ;; ([S-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  49                         ;; ([C-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  50                         ;; ([f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  51                         ;; ([f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  52                         ;; ([f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  53
  54                         ;; this is the rewritten bindings
  55
  56                         ([f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  57                         ([S-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  58                         ([C-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  59                         ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  60                         ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  61                         ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  62                         ([S-f5] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  63                         ([S-f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  64                         ([S-f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  65                         ([S-f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  66                         ([C-f9] . ethio-toggle-space)
  67                         ([S-f9] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  68                         ))
  69         kb)
  70     (while key-bindings
  71       (setq kb (car (car key-bindings)))
  72       (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  73             (cons (cons kb (global-key-binding kb))
  74                   exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  75       (global-set-key kb (cdr (car key-bindings)))
  76       (setq key-bindings (cdr key-bindings))))
  77
  78   (add-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  79   (add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  80   (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  81   (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  82
  83 (defun exit-ethiopic-environment ()
  84   "Exit Ethiopic language environment"
  85   (while exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  86     (global-set-key (car (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  87                     (cdr (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  88     (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  89           (cdr exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  90
  91   (remove-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  92   (remove-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  93   (remove-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  94   (remove-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  95
  96 ;;
  97 ;; ETHIOPIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS
  98 ;;
  99
 100 ;; If the filename ends in ".sera", editing is done in fidel
 101 ;; but file I/O is done in SERA.
 102 ;;
 103 ;; If the filename ends in ".java", editing is done in fidel
 104 ;; but file I/O is done in the \uXXXX style, where XXXX is
 105 ;; the Unicode codepoint for the Ethiopic character.
 106 ;;
 107 ;; If the filename ends in ".tex", editing is done in fidel
 108 ;; but file I/O is done in EthioTeX format.
 109 ;;
 110 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when sending mail,
 111 ;;   (add-hook 'mail-send-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 112 ;;
 113 ;; To automatically convert SERA format to Ethiopic when receiving mail,
 114 ;;   (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail)
 115 ;;
 116 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when posting news,
 117 ;;   (add-hook 'news-inews-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 118
 119 ;;
 120 ;; users' preference
 121 ;;
 122
 123 (defvar ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna
 124   "*Symbol that defines the primary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 125 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 126
 127 (defvar ethio-secondary-language 'english
 128   "*Symbol that defines the secondary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 129 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 130
 131 (defvar ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil
 132   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic colon.
 133 If nil, associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic word separator, i.e., two
 134 vertically stacked dots.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this
 135 variable.")
 136
 137 (defvar ethio-use-three-dot-question nil
 138   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic old style question mark (three vertically stacked dots).
 139 If nil, associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic stylised question
 140 mark.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this variable.")
 141
 142 (defvar ethio-quote-vowel-always nil
 143   "*Non-nil means always put an apostrophe before an isolated vowel (except at word initial) in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.
 144 If nil, put an apostrophe only between a sixth-form consonant and an
 145 isolated vowel.")
 146
 147 (defvar ethio-W-sixth-always nil
 148   "*Non-nil means convert the Wu-form of a 12-form consonant to \"W'\" instead of \"Wu\" in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.")
 149
 150 (defvar ethio-numeric-reduction 0
 151   "*Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
 152 Should be 0, 1 or 2.
 153 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
 154     `10`9`100`80`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
 155     `109100807      if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
 156     `10900807       if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
 157
 158 (defvar ethio-implicit-period-conversion t
 159   "*Non-nil means replacing the Ethiopic dot at the end of an Ethiopic sentence
 160 with an Ethiopic full stop.")
 161
 162 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
 163   "*Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.
 164 If nil, use uppercases.")
 165
 166 ;;
 167 ;; SERA to FIDEL
 168 ;;
 169
 170 (defconst ethio-sera-to-fidel-table
 171   [
 172    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 173    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 174 ;;; SP
 175    (" "
 176     (?: (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 177         (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 178         (?- " \e$(3$m\e(B")
 179         (?: " \e$(3$i\e(B")
 180         (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B|" " \e$(3$h\e(B|")
 181             (?: " \e$(3$o\e(B"))))
 182
 183 ;;; !   "   #   $   %   &    '
 184    nil nil nil nil nil nil ("" (?' "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
 185 ;;; (   )   *   +    ,      -               .
 186    nil nil nil nil ("\e$(3$j\e(B") ("-" (?: "\e$(3$l\e(B")) ("\e$(3%u\e(B")
 187 ;;;  /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
 188     nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 189 ;;; :
 190    ((if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 191     (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 192     (?- "\e$(3$m\e(B")
 193     (?: "\e$(3$i\e(B")
 194     (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B|" "\e$(3$h\e(B|")
 195         (?: "\e$(3$o\e(B")))
 196 ;;;  ;      <              =    >
 197    ("\e$(3$k\e(B") ("<" (?< "\e$(3%v\e(B")) nil (">" (?> "\e$(3%w\e(B"))
 198 ;;; ?
 199    ((if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3$n\e(B" "\e$(3%x\e(B"))
 200 ;;; @
 201     nil
 202 ;;; A
 203    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 204 ;;; B
 205    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 206          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 207 ;;; C
 208    ("\e$(3$4\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$/\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$0\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$1\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$2\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$3\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$5\e(B")
 209          (?W "\e$(3$6\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$6\e(B")
 210                   (?e "\e$(3$4%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$4%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$4%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$4%q\e(B")))
 211 ;;; D
 212    ("\e$(3#b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#]\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#^\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#_\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#`\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#a\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#c\e(B")
 213          (?W "\e$(3#d\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#d\e(B")
 214                   (?e "\e$(3#b%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#b%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#b%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#b%q\e(B")))
 215 ;;; E
 216    ("\e$(3"g\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#9\e(B"))
 217 ;;; F
 218    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 219          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 220          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 221 ;;; G
 222    ("\e$(3$$\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#}\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$!\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$"\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$#\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$%\e(B")
 223          (?W "\e$(3%c\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%c\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%S\e(B")))
 224 ;;; H
 225    ("\e$(3!6\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!2\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!3\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!4\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!5\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!7\e(B")
 226          (?W "\e$(3!8\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!8\e(B")
 227                   (?e "\e$(3!6%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!6%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!6%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!6%q\e(B")))
 228 ;;; I
 229    ("\e$(3"h\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#:\e(B"))
 230 ;;; J
 231    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 232          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 233                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 234 ;;; K
 235    ("\e$(3#"\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"{\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"|\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"}\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"~\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#!\e(B") (?o "\e$(3##\e(B")
 236          (?W "\e$(3#*\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#%\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#'\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#(\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#)\e(B")))
 237 ;;; L
 238    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 239          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 240                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 241 ;;; M
 242    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 243          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 244          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 245 ;;; N
 246    ("\e$(3"`\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"[\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"\\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"]\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"_\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"a\e(B")
 247          (?W "\e$(3"b\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"b\e(B")
 248                   (?e "\e$(3"`%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"`%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"`%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"`%q\e(B")))
 249 ;;; O
 250    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 251 ;;; P
 252    ("\e$(3$<\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$7\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$8\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$9\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$:\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$;\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$=\e(B")
 253          (?W "\e$(3$>\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$>\e(B")
 254                   (?e "\e$(3$<%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$<%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$<%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$<%q\e(B")))
 255 ;;; Q
 256    ("\e$(3!v\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!s\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!t\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!u\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!w\e(B")
 257          (?W "\e$(3!~\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!{\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!|\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!}\e(B")))
 258 ;;; R
 259    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 260          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 261                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 262          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 263 ;;; S
 264    ("\e$(3$D\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$?\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$@\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$B\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$C\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$E\e(B")
 265          (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 266                   (?e "\e$(3$D%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$D%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$D%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$D%q\e(B"))
 267          (?2 "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 268              (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 269              (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 270                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B"))))
 271 ;;; T
 272    ("\e$(3$,\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$'\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$(\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$)\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$+\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$-\e(B")
 273          (?W "\e$(3$.\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$.\e(B")
 274                   (?e "\e$(3$,%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$,%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$,%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$,%q\e(B")))
 275 ;;; U
 276    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 277 ;;; V
 278    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 279          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 280                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 281 ;;; W
 282    ("\e$(3%r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B"))
 283 ;;; X
 284    ("\e$(3%N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%O\e(B"))
 285 ;;; Y
 286    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 287          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 288                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 289 ;;; Z
 290    ("\e$(3#J\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#E\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#F\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#G\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#H\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#I\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#K\e(B")
 291          (?W "\e$(3#L\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#L\e(B")
 292                   (?e "\e$(3#J%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#J%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#J%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#J%q\e(B")))
 293 ;;; [   \   ]   ^   _
 294    nil nil nil nil nil
 295 ;;; `
 296    (""
 297     (?: "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 298     (?? (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3%x\e(B" "\e$(3$n\e(B"))
 299     (?! "\e$(3%t\e(B")
 300     (?e "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?U "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#7\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#8\e(B") (?A "\e$(3#8\e(B")
 301         (?E "\e$(3#9\e(B") (?I "\e$(3#:\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#;\e(B") (?O "\e$(3#;\e(B")
 302     (?g "\e$(3%^\e(B"
 303         (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B"))
 304     (?h "\e$(3"H\e(B"
 305         (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 306                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B")))
 307     (?k "\e$(3%>\e(B"
 308         (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B"))
 309     (?s "\e$(3!F\e(B"
 310         (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 311         (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 312                    (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B")))
 313     (?S "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 314         (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 315         (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 316                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B")))
 317     (?q "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 318 ;;; a
 319    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 320 ;;; b
 321    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 322          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 323 ;;; c
 324    ("\e$(3"@\e(B" (?e "\e$(3";\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"<\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"=\e(B") (?a "\e$(3">\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"?\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"A\e(B")
 325          (?W "\e$(3"B\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"B\e(B")
 326                   (?e "\e$(3"@%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"@%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"@%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"@%q\e(B")))
 327 ;;; d
 328    ("\e$(3#Z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#U\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#V\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#W\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#X\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Y\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#[\e(B")
 329          (?W "\e$(3#\\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#\\e(B")
 330                   (?e "\e$(3#Z%o\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#Z%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#Z%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Z%q\e(B")))
 331 ;;; e
 332    ("\e$(3"c\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"j\e(B"))
 333 ;;; f
 334    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 335          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 336          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 337 ;;; g
 338    ("\e$(3#r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#m\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#s\e(B")
 339          (?W "\e$(3#z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#u\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#w\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#x\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#y\e(B"))
 340          (?2 "\e$(3%^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B")))
 341 ;;; h
 342    ("\e$(3!&\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!!\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!"\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!#\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!$\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!%\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!'\e(B")
 343          (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))
 344          (?2 "\e$(3"H\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 345                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))))
 346 ;;; i
 347    ("\e$(3"e\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#7\e(B"))
 348 ;;; j
 349    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 350          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 351                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 352 ;;; k
 353    ("\e$(3"p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"k\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"l\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"m\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"n\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"o\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"q\e(B")
 354          (?W "\e$(3"x\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"s\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"x\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"u\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"v\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"w\e(B"))
 355          (?2 "\e$(3%>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B")))
 356 ;;; l
 357    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 358          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 359                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 360 ;;; m
 361    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 362          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 363          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 364 ;;; n
 365    ("\e$(3"X\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"S\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"T\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"U\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"W\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"Y\e(B")
 366          (?W "\e$(3"Z\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"Z\e(B")
 367                   (?e "\e$(3"X%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"X%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"X%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"X%q\e(B")))
 368 ;;; o
 369    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 370 ;;; p
 371    ("\e$(3$\\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$W\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$X\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Y\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$Z\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$[\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$]\e(B")
 372          (?W "\e$(3%e\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%e\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%U\e(B")))
 373 ;;; q
 374    ("\e$(3!f\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!a\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!c\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!d\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!e\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!g\e(B")
 375          (?W "\e$(3!n\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!i\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!k\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!l\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!m\e(B"))
 376          (?2 "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 377 ;;; r
 378    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 379          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 380                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 381          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 382 ;;; s
 383    ("\e$(3!V\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!R\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!S\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!T\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!U\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!W\e(B")
 384          (?W "\e$(3!X\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!X\e(B")
 385                   (?e "\e$(3!V%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!V%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!V%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!V%q\e(B"))
 386          (?2 "\e$(3!F\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 387                   (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 388                            (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B"))))
 389 ;;; t
 390    ("\e$(3"8\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"4\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"6\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"7\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"9\e(B")
 391          (?W "\e$(3":\e(B" (?a "\e$(3":\e(B")
 392                   (?e "\e$(3"8%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"8%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"8%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"8%q\e(B")))
 393 ;;; u
 394    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 395 ;;; v
 396    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 397          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 398                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 399 ;;; w
 400    ("\e$(3#2\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#-\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#.\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#/\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#0\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#1\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#3\e(B")
 401          (?W "\e$(3%p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B")))
 402 ;;; x
 403    ("\e$(3!^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3![\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!_\e(B")
 404          (?W "\e$(3!`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!`\e(B")
 405                   (?e "\e$(3!^%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!^%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!^%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!^%q\e(B")))
 406 ;;; y
 407    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 408          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 409                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 410 ;;; z
 411    ("\e$(3#B\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#=\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#>\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#?\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#A\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#C\e(B")
 412          (?W "\e$(3#D\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#D\e(B")
 413                   (?e "\e$(3#B%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#B%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#B%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#B%q\e(B")))
 414 ;;; {   |   }   ~  DEL
 415    nil nil nil nil nil
 416    ])
 417
 418 ;;;###autoload
 419 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (beg end &optional secondary force)
 420   "Convert the characters in region from SERA to FIDEL.
 421 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary language
 422 and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 423
 424 If the 3rd parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, assume the region
 425 begins begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 426 language.
 427
 428 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, perform conversion
 429 even if the buffer is read-only.
 430
 431 See also the descriptions of the variables
 432 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 433 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 434
 435   (interactive "r\nP")
 436   (save-restriction
 437     (narrow-to-region beg end)
 438     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer secondary force)))
 439
 440 ;;;###autoload
 441 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer (&optional secondary force)
 442   "Convert the current buffer from SERA to FIDEL.
 443
 444 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 445 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 446
 447 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, assume the buffer
 448 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 449 language.
 450
 451 If the 2nd optional parametr FORCE is non-nil, perform conversion even if the
 452 buffer is read-only.
 453
 454 See also the descriptions of the variables
 455 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 456 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 457
 458   (interactive "P")
 459
 460   (if (and buffer-read-only
 461            (not force)
 462            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 463       (error ""))
 464
 465   (let ((ethio-primary-language ethio-primary-language)
 466         (ethio-secondary-language ethio-secondary-language)
 467         (ethio-use-colon-for-colon ethio-use-colon-for-colon)
 468         (ethio-use-three-dot-question ethio-use-three-dot-question)
 469         ;; The above four variables may be changed temporary
 470         ;; by tilde escapes during conversion.  So we bind them to other
 471         ;; variables but of the same names.
 472         (buffer-read-only nil)
 473         (case-fold-search nil)
 474         current-language
 475         next-language)
 476
 477     (setq current-language
 478           (if secondary
 479               ethio-secondary-language
 480             ethio-primary-language))
 481
 482     (goto-char (point-min))
 483
 484     (while (not (eobp))
 485       (setq next-language
 486             (cond
 487              ((eq current-language 'english)
 488               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))
 489              ((eq current-language 'amharic)
 490               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'amharic))
 491              ((eq current-language 'tigrigna)
 492               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'tigrigna))
 493              (t                         ; we don't know what to do
 494               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))))
 495
 496       (setq current-language
 497             (cond
 498
 499              ;; when language tag is explicitly specified
 500              ((not (eq next-language 'toggle))
 501               next-language)
 502
 503              ;; found a toggle in a primary language section
 504              ((eq current-language ethio-primary-language)
 505               ethio-secondary-language)
 506
 507              ;; found a toggle in a secondary, third, fourth, ...
 508              ;; language section
 509              (t
 510               ethio-primary-language))))
 511
 512     ;; If ethio-implicit-period-conversion is non-nil, the
 513     ;; Ethiopic dot "\e$(3%u\e(B" at the end of an Ethiopic sentence is
 514     ;; replaced with the Ethiopic full stop "\e$(3$i\e(B".
 515     (if ethio-implicit-period-conversion
 516         (progn
 517           (goto-char (point-min))
 518           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B\\([ \t]\\)"
 519                                     nil t)
 520             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B\\2"))
 521           (goto-char (point-min))
 522           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B$" nil t)
 523             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B"))))
 524
 525     ;; gemination
 526     (goto-char (point-min))
 527     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
 528       (compose-region
 529        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
 530        (point)))
 531     ))
 532
 533 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-english nil
 534   "Handle English section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 535 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 536 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol."
 537   (let ((new-language nil))
 538
 539     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 540       (cond
 541
 542        ;; if no more "\", nothing to do.
 543        ((not (search-forward "\\" nil 0)))
 544
 545        ;; hereafter point is put after a "\".
 546        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars
 547
 548        ;; "\\" :  leave the second "\"
 549        ((progn
 550           (delete-backward-char 1)
 551           (= (following-char) ?\\ ))
 552         (forward-char 1))
 553
 554        ;; "\ " :  delete the following " "
 555        ((= (following-char) 32)
 556         (delete-char 1)
 557         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 558
 559        ;; a language flag
 560        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 561
 562        ;; just a "\" :  not special sequence.
 563        (t
 564         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 565
 566     new-language))
 567
 568 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio (lang)
 569   "Handle Ethiopic section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 570 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 571 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol.
 572
 573 The parameter LANG (symbol, either `amharic' or `tigrigna') affects
 574 the conversion of \"a\"."
 575
 576   (let ((new-language nil)
 577         (verbatim nil)
 578         start table table2 ch)
 579
 580     (setcar (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ?a)
 581             (if (eq lang 'tigrigna) "\e$(3"f\e(B" "\e$(3"c\e(B"))
 582
 583     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 584       (setq ch (following-char))
 585       (cond
 586
 587        ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if in w3-mode
 588        ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
 589              sera-being-called-by-w3
 590              (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
 591         (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
 592                         nil 0))
 593
 594        ;; leave non-ASCII characters as they are
 595        ((>= ch 128)
 596         (forward-char 1))
 597
 598        ;; ethiopic digits
 599        ((looking-at "`[1-9][0-9]*")
 600         (delete-char 1)
 601         (ethio-convert-digit))
 602
 603        ;; if not seeing a "\", do sera to fidel conversion
 604        ((/= ch ?\\ )
 605         (setq start (point))
 606         (forward-char 1)
 607         (setq table (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ch))
 608         (while (setq table2 (cdr (assoc (following-char) table)))
 609           (setq table table2)
 610           (forward-char 1))
 611         (if (setq ch (car table))
 612             (progn
 613               (delete-region start (point))
 614               (if (stringp ch)
 615                   (insert ch)
 616                 (insert (eval ch))))))
 617
 618        ;; if control reaches here, we must be looking at a "\"
 619
 620        ;; verbatim mode
 621        (verbatim
 622         (if (looking-at "\\\\~! ?")
 623
 624             ;; "\~!" or "\~! ".  switch to non-verbatim mode
 625             (progn
 626               (replace-match "")
 627               (setq verbatim nil))
 628
 629           ;; "\" but not "\~!" nor "\~! ".  skip the current "\".
 630           (forward-char 1)))
 631
 632        ;; hereafter, non-verbatim mode and looking at a "\"
 633        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars.
 634
 635        ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
 636        ((progn
 637           (delete-char 1)
 638           (setq ch (following-char))
 639           (= ch 32))
 640         (delete-char 1)
 641         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 642
 643        ;; "\~!" or "\~! " : switch to verbatim mode
 644        ((looking-at "~! ?")
 645         (replace-match "")
 646         (setq verbatim t))
 647
 648        ;; a language flag
 649        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 650
 651        ;; "\~" but not "\~!" nor a language flag
 652        ((= ch ?~)
 653         (delete-char 1)
 654         (ethio-tilde-escape))
 655
 656        ;; ASCII punctuation escape.  skip
 657        ((looking-at "\\(,\\|\\.\\|;\\|:\\|'\\|`\\|\?\\|\\\\\\)+")
 658         (goto-char (match-end 0)))
 659
 660        ;; "\", but not special sequence
 661        (t
 662         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 663
 664     new-language))
 665
 666 (defun ethio-process-language-flag nil
 667   "Process a language flag of the form \"~lang\" or \"~lang1~lang2\".
 668
 669 If looking at \"~lang1~lang2\", set `ethio-primary-language' and
 670 `ethio-une-secondary-language' based on \"lang1\" and \"lang2\".
 671 Then delete the language flag \"~lang1~lang2\" from the buffer.
 672 Return value is the new primary language.
 673
 674 If looking at \"~lang\", delete that language flag \"~lang\" from the
 675 buffer and return that language.  In this case
 676 `ethio-primary-language' and `ethio-uni-secondary-language'
 677 are left unchanged.
 678
 679 If an unsupported language flag is found, just return nil without
 680 changing anything."
 681
 682   (let (lang1 lang2)
 683     (cond
 684
 685      ;; ~lang1~lang2
 686      ((and (looking-at
 687             "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 688            (setq lang1
 689                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 690                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
 691            (setq lang2
 692                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 693                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))))
 694       (setq ethio-primary-language lang1
 695             ethio-secondary-language lang2)
 696       (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
 697       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 698           (delete-char 1))
 699       ethio-primary-language)
 700
 701      ;; ~lang
 702      ((and (looking-at "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 703            (setq lang1
 704                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 705                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
 706       (delete-region (point) (match-end 1))
 707       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 708           (delete-char 1))
 709       lang1)
 710
 711      ;; otherwise
 712      (t
 713       nil))))
 714
 715 (defun ethio-tilde-escape nil
 716   "Handle a SERA tilde escape in Ethiopic section and delete it.
 717 Delete the escape even it is not recognised."
 718
 719   (let ((p (point)) command)
 720     (skip-chars-forward "^ \t\n\\\\")
 721     (setq command (buffer-substring p (point)))
 722     (delete-region p (point))
 723     (if (= (following-char) 32)
 724         (delete-char 1))
 725
 726     (cond
 727
 728      ;; \~-:
 729      ((string= command "-:")
 730       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon t))
 731
 732      ;; \~`:
 733      ((string= command "`:")
 734       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil))
 735
 736      ;; \~?
 737      ((string= command "?")
 738       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question nil))
 739
 740      ;; \~`|
 741      ((string= command "`|")
 742       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question t))
 743
 744      ;; \~e
 745      ((string= command "e")
 746       (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
 747
 748      ;; \~E
 749      ((string= command "E")
 750       (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
 751
 752      ;; \~a
 753      ((string= command "a")
 754       (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
 755
 756      ;; \~A
 757      ((string= command "A")
 758       (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
 759
 760      ;; \~X
 761      ((string= command "X")
 762       (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
 763
 764      ;; unsupported tilde escape
 765      (t
 766       nil))))
 767
 768 (defun ethio-flag-to-language (flag)
 769   (cond
 770    ((or (string= flag "en") (string= flag "eng")) 'english)
 771    ((or (string= flag "ti") (string= flag "tir")) 'tigrigna)
 772    ((or (string= flag "am") (string= flag "amh")) 'amharic)
 773    (t nil)))
 774
 775 (defun ethio-convert-digit nil
 776   "Convert Arabic digits to Ethiopic digits."
 777   (let (ch z)
 778     (while (and (>= (setq ch (following-char)) ?1)
 779                 (<= ch ?9))
 780       (delete-char 1)
 781
 782       ;; count up following zeros
 783       (setq z 0)
 784       (while (= (following-char) ?0)
 785         (delete-char 1)
 786         (setq z (1+ z)))
 787
 788       (cond
 789
 790        ;; first digit is 10, 20, ..., or 90
 791        ((= (mod z 2) 1)
 792         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$y\e(B ?\e$(3$z\e(B ?\e$(3${\e(B ?\e$(3$|\e(B ?\e$(3$}\e(B ?\e$(3$~\e(B ?\e$(3%!\e(B ?\e$(3%"\e(B ?\e$(3%#\e(B] (- ch ?1)))
 793         (setq z (1- z)))
 794
 795        ;; first digit is 2, 3, ..., or 9
 796        ((/= ch ?1)
 797         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$q\e(B ?\e$(3$r\e(B ?\e$(3$s\e(B ?\e$(3$t\e(B ?\e$(3$u\e(B ?\e$(3$v\e(B ?\e$(3$w\e(B ?\e$(3$x\e(B] (- ch ?2))))
 798
 799        ;; single 1
 800        ((= z 0)
 801         (insert "\e$(3$p\e(B")))
 802
 803       ;; 100
 804       (if (= (mod z 4) 2)
 805           (insert "\e$(3%$\e(B"))
 806
 807       ;; 10000
 808       (insert-char ?\e$(3%%\e(B (/ z 4)))))
 809
 810 ;;;###autoload
 811 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
 812   "Execute ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail or ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker depending on the current major mode.
 813 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
 814
 815   (interactive "P")
 816   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 817           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
 818       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (prefix-numeric-value arg))
 819     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker arg)))
 820
 821 ;;;###autoload
 822 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (&optional arg)
 823   "Convert SERA to FIDEL to read/write mail and news.
 824
 825 If the buffer contains the markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\",
 826 convert the segments between them into FIDEL.
 827
 828 If invoked interactively and there is no marker, convert the subject field
 829 and the body into FIDEL using `ethio-sera-to-fidel-region'."
 830
 831   (interactive "p")
 832   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
 833         border)
 834     (save-excursion
 835
 836       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
 837       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
 838       (forward-line 1)
 839       (setq border (point))
 840
 841       ;; note that the point is placed at the border
 842       (if (or (re-search-forward "^<sera>$" nil t)
 843               (progn
 844                 (goto-char (point-min))
 845                 (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)))
 846
 847           ;; there are markers
 848           (progn
 849             ;; we start with the body so that the border will not change
 850             ;; use "^<sera>\n" instead of "^<sera>$" not to leave a blank line
 851             (goto-char border)
 852             (while (re-search-forward "^<sera>\n" nil t)
 853               (replace-match "")
 854               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 855                (point)
 856                (progn
 857                  (if (re-search-forward "^</sera>\n" nil 0)
 858                      (replace-match ""))
 859                  (point))))
 860             ;; now process the subject
 861             (goto-char (point-min))
 862             (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)
 863                 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 864                  (progn (delete-backward-char 6) (point))
 865                  (progn
 866                    (if (re-search-forward "</sera>$" (line-end-position) 0)
 867                        (replace-match ""))
 868                    (point)))))
 869
 870         ;; in case there are no marks but invoked interactively
 871         (if arg
 872             (progn
 873               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region border (point-max))
 874               (goto-char (point-min))
 875               (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
 876                   (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (point) (line-end-position))))))
 877
 878       ;; adjust the rmail marker
 879       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 880           (set-marker
 881            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
 882            (point-max))))))
 883
 884 ;;;###autoload
 885 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker (&optional force)
 886   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from SERA to FIDEL.
 887 Assume that each region begins with `ethio-primary-language'.
 888 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
 889   (interactive "P")
 890   (if (and buffer-read-only
 891            (not force)
 892            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 893       (error ""))
 894   (save-excursion
 895     (goto-char (point-min))
 896     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
 897       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 898        (point)
 899        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
 900            (match-beginning 0)
 901          (point-max))
 902        nil
 903        'force))))
 904
 905 ;;
 906 ;; FIDEL to SERA
 907 ;;
 908
 909 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-sera-map
 910  [ "he"  "hu"  "hi"  "ha"  "hE"  "h"  "ho"    ""       ;;   0 - 7
 911    "le"  "lu"  "li"  "la"  "lE"  "l"  "lo"  "lWa"      ;;   8
 912    "He"  "Hu"  "Hi"  "Ha"  "HE"  "H"  "Ho"  "HWa"      ;;  16
 913    "me"  "mu"  "mi"  "ma"  "mE"  "m"  "mo"  "mWa"      ;;  24
 914   "`se" "`su" "`si" "`sa" "`sE" "`s" "`so" "`sWa"      ;;  32
 915    "re"  "ru"  "ri"  "ra"  "rE"  "r"  "ro"  "rWa"      ;;  40
 916    "se"  "su"  "si"  "sa"  "sE"  "s"  "so"  "sWa"      ;;  48
 917    "xe"  "xu"  "xi"  "xa"  "xE"  "x"  "xo"  "xWa"      ;;  56
 918    "qe"  "qu"  "qi"  "qa"  "qE"  "q"  "qo"    ""       ;;  64
 919   "qWe"   ""  "qWi" "qWa" "qWE"  "qW'" ""     ""       ;;  72
 920    "Qe"  "Qu"  "Qi"  "Qa"  "QE"  "Q"  "Qo"    ""       ;;  80
 921   "QWe"   ""  "QWi" "QWa" "QWE"  "QW'" ""     ""       ;;  88
 922    "be"  "bu"  "bi"  "ba"  "bE"  "b"  "bo"  "bWa"      ;;  96
 923    "ve"  "vu"  "vi"  "va"  "vE"  "v"  "vo"  "vWa"      ;; 104
 924    "te"  "tu"  "ti"  "ta"  "tE"  "t"  "to"  "tWa"      ;; 112
 925    "ce"  "cu"  "ci"  "ca"  "cE"  "c"  "co"  "cWa"      ;; 120
 926   "`he" "`hu" "`hi" "`ha" "`hE" "`h" "`ho"    ""       ;; 128
 927   "hWe"   ""  "hWi" "hWa"  "hWE" "hW'" ""     ""       ;; 136
 928    "ne"  "nu"  "ni"  "na"  "nE"  "n"  "no"  "nWa"      ;; 144
 929    "Ne"  "Nu"  "Ni"  "Na"  "NE"  "N"  "No"  "NWa"      ;; 152
 930     "e"   "u"   "i"   "A"   "E"  "I"   "o"   "ea"      ;; 160
 931    "ke"  "ku"  "ki"  "ka"  "kE"  "k"  "ko"    ""       ;; 168
 932   "kWe"   ""  "kWi" "kWa" "kWE"  "kW'" ""     ""       ;; 176
 933    "Ke"  "Ku"  "Ki"  "Ka"  "KE"  "K"  "Ko"    ""       ;; 184
 934   "KWe"   ""  "KWi" "KWa" "KWE"  "KW'" ""     ""       ;; 192
 935    "we"  "wu"  "wi"  "wa"  "wE"  "w"  "wo"    ""       ;; 200
 936    "`e"  "`u"  "`i"  "`a"  "`E" "`I"  "`o"    ""       ;; 208
 937    "ze"  "zu"  "zi"  "za"  "zE"  "z"  "zo"  "zWa"      ;; 216
 938    "Ze"  "Zu"  "Zi"  "Za"  "ZE"  "Z"  "Zo"  "ZWa"      ;; 224
 939    "ye"  "yu"  "yi"  "ya"  "yE"  "y"  "yo"  "yWa"      ;; 232
 940    "de"  "du"  "di"  "da"  "dE"  "d"  "do"  "dWa"      ;; 240
 941    "De"  "Du"  "Di"  "Da"  "DE"  "D"  "Do"  "DWa"      ;; 248
 942    "je"  "ju"  "ji"  "ja"  "jE"  "j"  "jo"  "jWa"      ;; 256
 943    "ge"  "gu"  "gi"  "ga"  "gE"  "g"  "go"    ""       ;; 264
 944   "gWe"   ""  "gWi" "gWa" "gWE" "gW'"  ""     ""       ;; 272
 945    "Ge"  "Gu"  "Gi"  "Ga"  "GE"  "G"  "Go"  "GWa"      ;; 280
 946    "Te"  "Tu"  "Ti"  "Ta"  "TE"  "T"  "To"  "TWa"      ;; 288
 947    "Ce"  "Cu"  "Ci"  "Ca"  "CE"  "C"  "Co"  "CWa"      ;; 296
 948    "Pe"  "Pu"  "Pi"  "Pa"  "PE"  "P"  "Po"  "PWa"      ;; 304
 949    "Se"  "Su"  "Si"  "Sa"  "SE"  "S"  "So"  "SWa"      ;; 312
 950   "`Se" "`Su" "`Si" "`Sa" "`SE" "`S" "`So"    ""       ;; 320
 951    "fe"  "fu"  "fi"  "fa"  "fE"  "f"  "fo"  "fWa"      ;; 328
 952    "pe"  "pu"  "pi"  "pa"  "pE"  "p"  "po"  "pWa"      ;; 336
 953   "mYa" "rYa" "fYa"   ""    ""   ""    ""     ""       ;; 344
 954    " "  " : "  "::"  ","   ";"  "-:"  ":-"   "`?"      ;; 352
 955   ":|:"  "1"   "2"   "3"   "4"   "5"   "6"   "7"       ;; 360
 956    "8"   "9"   "10"  "20"  "30"  "40" "50"   "60"      ;; 368
 957    "70"  "80"  "90" "100" "10000" ""   ""     ""       ;; 376
 958   "`qe" "`qu" "`qi" "`qa" "`qE" "`q" "`qo"    ""       ;; 384
 959   "mWe" "bWe" "GWe" "fWe" "pWe"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 392
 960   "`ke" "`ku" "`ki" "`ka" "`kE" "`k" "`ko"    ""       ;; 400
 961   "mWi" "bWi" "GWi" "fWi" "pWi"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 408
 962    "Xe"  "Xu"  "Xi"  "Xa"  "XE"  "X"  "Xo"    ""       ;; 416
 963   "mWE" "bWE" "GWE" "fWE" "pWE"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 424
 964   "`ge" "`gu" "`gi" "`ga" "`gE" "`g" "`go"    ""       ;; 432
 965   "mW'" "bW'" "GW'" "fW'" "pW'"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 440
 966   "\\~X " "\\~e " "\\~E " "\\~a " "\\~A " "wWe" "wWi" "wWa" ;; 448
 967   "wWE" "wW'"  "''"  "`!"  "."  "<<"  ">>"   "?" ])    ;; 456
 968
 969 (defun ethio-prefer-amharic-p nil
 970   (or (eq ethio-primary-language 'amharic)
 971       (and (not (eq ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna))
 972            (eq ethio-secondary-language 'amharic))))
 973
 974 (defun ethio-language-to-flag (lang)
 975   (cond
 976    ((eq lang 'english) "eng")
 977    ((eq lang 'tigrigna) "tir")
 978    ((eq lang 'amharic) "amh")
 979    (t "")))
 980
 981 ;;;###autoload
 982 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-region (begin end &optional secondary force)
 983   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the region to the SERA format.
 984 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 985 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 986
 987 If the 3dr parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, try to convert
 988 the region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with
 989 the primary language.
 990
 991 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, convert even if the
 992 buffer is read-only.
 993
 994 See also the descriptions of the variables
 995 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
 996 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
 997
 998   (interactive "r\nP")
 999   (save-restriction
1000     (narrow-to-region begin end)
1001     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer secondary force)))
1002
1003 ;;;###autoload
1004 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer (&optional secondary force)
1005   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the current buffer to the SERA format.
1006 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
1007 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
1008
1009 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, try to convert the
1010 region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with the
1011 primary language.
1012
1013 If the 2nd optional parameter FORCE is non-nil, convert even if the
1014 buffer is read-only.
1015
1016 See also the descriptions of the variables
1017 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1018 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1019
1020   (interactive "P")
1021   (if (and buffer-read-only
1022            (not force)
1023            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1024       (error ""))
1025
1026   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1027         (case-fold-search nil)
1028         (lonec nil) ;; t means previous char was a lone consonant
1029         (fidel nil) ;; t means previous char was a FIDEL
1030         (digit nil) ;; t means previous char was an Ethiopic digit
1031         (flag (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir "))
1032         mode ch)
1033
1034     ;; user's preference in transcription
1035     (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon
1036         (progn
1037           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 "`:")
1038           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 ":"))
1039       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 " : ")
1040       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 "-:"))
1041
1042     (if ethio-use-three-dot-question
1043         (progn
1044           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "?")
1045           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "`?"))
1046       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "`?")
1047       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "?"))
1048
1049     (mapcar
1050      '(lambda (x)
1051         (aset (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map x)
1052               2
1053               (if ethio-W-sixth-always ?' ?u)))
1054      '(77 93 141 181 197 277 440 441 442 443 444 457))
1055
1056     (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1057         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "a")
1058       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "e"))
1059     ;; end of user's preference
1060
1061     ;; first, decompose geminated characters
1062     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1063
1064     ;; main conversion routine
1065     (goto-char (point-min))
1066     (while (not (eobp))
1067       (setq ch (following-char))
1068
1069       (cond                             ; ethiopic, english, neutral
1070
1071        ;; ethiopic character.  must go to ethiopic mode, if not in it.
1072        ((eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1073         (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch))
1074         (delete-char 1)
1075         (if (not (eq mode 'ethiopic))
1076             (progn
1077               (insert flag)
1078               (setq mode 'ethiopic)))
1079
1080         (cond                           ; fidel, punc, digit
1081
1082          ;; fidels
1083          ((or (<= ch 346)               ;  he - fYa
1084               (and (>= ch 384) (<= ch 444)) ; `qe - pw
1085               (and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))) ; wWe - wW
1086           (if (and (memq ch '(160 161 162 163 164 166 167)) ; (e - ea)
1087                    (or lonec
1088                        (and ethio-quote-vowel-always
1089                             fidel)))
1090               (insert "'"))
1091           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1092           (setq lonec (ethio-lone-consonant-p ch)
1093                 fidel t
1094                 digit nil))
1095
1096          ;; punctuations or icons
1097          ((or (and (>= ch 353) (<= ch 360)) ;  : - :|:
1098               (>= ch 458)               ;  '' -  ?
1099               (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452))) ;  \~X \~e \~E \~a \~A
1100           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1101           (setq lonec nil
1102                 fidel nil
1103                 digit nil))
1104
1105          ;; now CH must be an ethiopic digit
1106
1107          ;; reduction = 0 or not preceded by Ethiopic number(s)
1108          ((or (= ethio-numeric-reduction 0)
1109               (not digit))
1110           (insert "`" (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1111           (setq lonec nil
1112                 fidel nil
1113                 digit t))
1114
1115          ;; reduction = 2 and following 10s, 100s, 10000s
1116          ((and (= ethio-numeric-reduction 2)
1117                (memq ch '(370 379 380)))
1118           (insert (substring (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch) 1))
1119           (setq lonec nil
1120                 fidel nil
1121                 digit t))
1122
1123          ;; ordinary following digits
1124          (t
1125           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1126           (setq lonec nil
1127                 fidel nil
1128                 digit t))))
1129
1130        ;; english character.  must go to english mode, if not in it.
1131        ((or (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?z))
1132             (and (>= ch ?A) (<= ch ?Z)))
1133         (if (not (eq mode 'english))
1134             (insert "\\~eng "))
1135         (forward-char 1)
1136         (setq mode 'english
1137               lonec nil
1138               fidel nil
1139               digit nil))
1140
1141        ;; ch can appear both in ethiopic section and in english section.
1142        (t
1143
1144         ;; we must decide the mode, if not decided yet
1145         (if (null mode)
1146             (progn
1147               (setq mode
1148                     (if secondary
1149                         ethio-secondary-language
1150                       ethio-primary-language))
1151               (if (eq mode 'english)
1152                   (insert "\\~eng ")
1153                 (insert flag)
1154                 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))) ; tigrigna & amharic --> ethiopic
1155
1156         (cond                           ; \ , eng-mode , punc , w3 , other
1157
1158          ;; backslash is always quoted
1159          ((= ch ?\\ )
1160           (insert "\\")
1161           (forward-char 1))
1162
1163          ;; nothing to do if in english mode
1164          ((eq mode 'english)
1165           (forward-char 1))
1166
1167          ;; now we must be in ethiopic mode and seeing a non-"\"
1168
1169          ;; ascii punctuations in ethiopic mode
1170          ((looking-at "[,.;:'`?]+")
1171           (insert "\\")
1172           (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))) ; because we inserted one byte (\)
1173
1174          ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if called from w3
1175          ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
1176                sera-being-called-by-w3
1177                (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
1178           (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
1179                           nil 0))
1180
1181          ;; neutral character.  no need to quote.  just skip it.
1182          (t
1183           (forward-char 1)))
1184
1185         (setq lonec nil
1186               fidel nil
1187               digit nil)))
1188     ;; end of main conversion routine
1189     )))
1190
1191 (defun ethio-lone-consonant-p (ethiocode)
1192   "If ETHIOCODE is an Ethiopic lone consonant, return t."
1193   (or (and (< ethiocode 344) (= (% ethiocode 8) 5))
1194
1195       ;;                     `q  `k   X  `g  mW  bW  GW  fW  pW  wW
1196       (memq ethiocode '(389 405 421 437 440 441 442 443 444 457))))
1197
1198 ;;;###autoload
1199 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
1200   "Execute ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail or ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker depending on the current major mode.
1201 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
1202
1203   (interactive "P")
1204   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1205           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
1206       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
1207     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker arg)))
1208
1209 ;;;###autoload
1210 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail nil
1211   "Convert FIDEL to SERA to read/write mail and news.
1212
1213 If the body contains at least one Ethiopic character,
1214  1) insert the string \"<sera>\" at the beginning of the body,
1215  2) insert \"</sera>\" at the end of the body, and
1216  3) convert the body into SERA.
1217
1218 The very same procedure applies to the subject field, too."
1219
1220   (interactive)
1221   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1222         border)
1223     (save-excursion
1224
1225       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
1226       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
1227       (forward-line 1)
1228       (setq border (point))
1229
1230       ;; process body first not to change the border
1231       ;; note that the point is already at the border
1232       (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1233           (progn
1234             (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region border (point-max))
1235             (goto-char border)
1236             (insert "<sera>")
1237             (goto-char (point-max))
1238             (insert "</sera>")))
1239
1240       ;; process subject
1241       (goto-char (point-min))
1242       (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
1243           (let ((beg (point))
1244                 (end (line-end-position)))
1245             (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" end t)
1246                 (progn
1247                   (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region beg end)
1248                   (goto-char beg)
1249                   (insert "<sera>")
1250                   (end-of-line)
1251                   (insert "</sera>")))))
1252
1253       ;; adjust the rmail marker
1254       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1255           (set-marker
1256            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
1257            (point-max))))))
1258
1259 ;;;###autoload
1260 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker (&optional force)
1261   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from FIDEL to SERA.
1262 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
1263
1264   (interactive "P")
1265   (if (and buffer-read-only
1266            (not force)
1267            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1268       (error ""))
1269   (save-excursion
1270     (goto-char (point-min))
1271     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1272       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region
1273        (point)
1274        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
1275            (match-beginning 0)
1276          (point-max))
1277        nil
1278        'force))))
1279
1280 ;;
1281 ;; vowel modification
1282 ;;
1283
1284 ;;;###autoload
1285 (defun ethio-modify-vowel nil
1286   "Modify the vowel of the FIDEL that is under the cursor."
1287   (interactive)
1288   (let ((ch (following-char))
1289         (composite nil)                 ; geminated or not
1290         newch base vowel modulo)
1291
1292     (cond
1293      ;; in case of gemination
1294      ((eq (char-charset ch) 'composition)
1295       (setq ch (string-to-char (decompose-composite-char ch))
1296             composite t))
1297      ;; neither gemination nor fidel
1298      ((not (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic))
1299       (error "Not a valid character.")))
1300
1301     ;; set frequently referred character features
1302     (setq ch     (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch)
1303           base   (* (/ ch 8) 8)
1304           modulo (% ch 8))
1305
1306     (if (or (and (>= ch 344) (<= ch 380)) ;; mYa - `10000
1307             (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452)) ;; \~X - \~A
1308             (>= ch 458))                  ;; private punctuations
1309         (error "Not a valid character."))
1310
1311     (setq
1312      newch
1313      (cond
1314
1315       ;; first standalone vowels
1316       ((= base 160)
1317        (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1318            (message "Modify vowel to: [auiAEIoW\"] ")
1319          (message "Modify vowel to: [euiAEIoW\"] "))
1320        (setq vowel (read-char))
1321        (cond
1322         ((= vowel ?e) 160)
1323         ((= vowel ?u) 161)
1324         ((= vowel ?i) 162)
1325         ((= vowel ?A) 163)
1326         ((= vowel ?E) 164)
1327         ((= vowel ?I) 165)
1328         ((= vowel ?o) 166)
1329         ((= vowel ?W) 167)
1330         ((= vowel ?a) (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) 160 163))
1331         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1332         (t nil)))
1333
1334       ;; second standalone vowels
1335       ((= base 208)
1336        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaEIo\"] ")
1337        (setq vowel (read-char))
1338        (cond
1339         ((= vowel ?e) 208)
1340         ((= vowel ?u) 209)
1341         ((= vowel ?i) 210)
1342         ((= vowel ?a) 211)
1343         ((= vowel ?E) 212)
1344         ((= vowel ?I) 213)
1345         ((= vowel ?o) 214)
1346         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1347         (t nil)))
1348
1349       ;; 12-form consonants, *W* form
1350       ((memq base '(72 88 136 176 192 272)) ; qW QW hW kW KW gW
1351        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1352        (setq vowel (read-char))
1353        (cond
1354         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1355         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 5))
1356         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1357         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1358         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1359         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1360         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1361         (t nil)))
1362
1363       ;; extended 12-form consonants, mWa bWa GWa fWa pWa
1364       ((= ch 31)                        ; mWa
1365        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1366        (setq vowel (read-char))
1367        (cond
1368         ((= vowel ?e) 392)
1369         ((= vowel ?u) 440)
1370         ((= vowel ?i) 408)
1371         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1372         ((= vowel ?E) 424)
1373         ((= vowel ?') 440)
1374         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1375         (t nil)))
1376       ((= ch 103)                       ; bWa
1377        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1378        (setq vowel (read-char))
1379        (cond
1380         ((= vowel ?e) 393)
1381         ((= vowel ?u) 441)
1382         ((= vowel ?i) 409)
1383         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1384         ((= vowel ?E) 425)
1385         ((= vowel ?') 441)
1386         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1387         (t nil)))
1388       ((= ch 287)                       ; GWa
1389        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1390        (setq vowel (read-char))
1391        (cond
1392         ((= vowel ?e) 394)
1393         ((= vowel ?u) 442)
1394         ((= vowel ?i) 410)
1395         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1396         ((= vowel ?E) 426)
1397         ((= vowel ?') 442)
1398         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1399         (t nil)))
1400       ((= ch 335)                       ; fWa
1401        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1402        (setq vowel (read-char))
1403        (cond
1404         ((= vowel ?e) 395)
1405         ((= vowel ?u) 443)
1406         ((= vowel ?i) 411)
1407         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1408         ((= vowel ?E) 427)
1409         ((= vowel ?') 443)
1410         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1411         (t nil)))
1412       ((= ch 343)                       ; pWa
1413        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1414        (setq vowel (read-char))
1415        (cond
1416         ((= vowel ?e) 396)
1417         ((= vowel ?u) 444)
1418         ((= vowel ?i) 412)
1419         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1420         ((= vowel ?E) 428)
1421         ((= vowel ?') 444)
1422         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1423         (t nil)))
1424
1425       ;; extended 12-form consonatns, mW* bW* GW* fW* pW*
1426       ((memq base '(392 408 424 440))   ; *We *Wi *WE *W
1427        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiEau'\"] ")
1428        (setq vowel (read-char))
1429        (cond
1430         ((= vowel ?e) (+ 392 modulo))
1431         ((= vowel ?i) (+ 408 modulo))
1432         ((= vowel ?E) (+ 424 modulo))
1433         ((= vowel ?a) (cond
1434                        ((= modulo 0)  31) ; mWa
1435                        ((= modulo 1) 103) ; bWa
1436                        ((= modulo 2) 287) ; GWa
1437                        ((= modulo 3) 335) ; fWa
1438                        ((= modulo 4) 343) ; pWa
1439                        (t nil)))        ; never reach here
1440         ((= vowel ?') (+ 440 modulo))
1441         ((= vowel ?u) (+ 440 modulo))
1442         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1443         (t nil)))
1444
1445       ((and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))    ; wWe wWi wWa wWE wW
1446        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiaE'u\"] ")
1447        (setq vowel (read-char))
1448        (cond
1449         ((= vowel ?e) 453)
1450         ((= vowel ?i) 454)
1451         ((= vowel ?a) 455)
1452         ((= vowel ?E) 456)
1453         ((= vowel ?') 457)
1454         ((= vowel ?u) 457)
1455         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1456         (t nil)))
1457
1458       ;; 7-form consonants, or
1459       ;; first 7 of 8-form consonants
1460       ((<= modulo 6)
1461        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'o\"] ")
1462        (setq vowel (read-char))
1463        (cond
1464         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1465         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 1))
1466         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1467         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1468         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1469         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1470         ((= vowel ?o) (+ base 6))
1471         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1472         (t nil)))
1473
1474       ;; otherwise
1475       (t
1476        nil)))
1477
1478     (cond
1479
1480      ;; could not get new character
1481      ((null newch)
1482       (error "Invalid vowel"))
1483
1484      ;; vowel changed on a composite Fidel
1485      (composite
1486       (delete-char 1)
1487       (insert
1488        (compose-string
1489         (concat (char-to-string (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))        "\e$(3%s\e(B"))))
1490
1491      ;; simple vowel modification
1492      (t
1493       (delete-char 1)
1494       (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))))))
1495
1496 (defun ethio-ethiocode-to-char (ethiocode)
1497   (make-char
1498    'ethiopic
1499    (+ (/ ethiocode 94) 33)
1500    (+ (mod ethiocode 94) 33)))
1501
1502 (defun ethio-char-to-ethiocode (ch)
1503   (and (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1504        (let ((char-components (split-char ch)))
1505          (+ (* (- (nth 1 char-components) 33) 94)
1506             (- (nth 2 char-components) 33)))))
1507
1508 ;;
1509 ;; space replacement
1510 ;;
1511
1512 ;;;###autoload
1513 (defun ethio-replace-space (ch begin end)
1514   "Replace ASCII spaces with Ethiopic word separators in the region.
1515
1516 In the specified region, replace word separators surrounded by two
1517 Ethiopic characters, depending on the first parameter CH, which should
1518 be 1, 2, or 3.
1519
1520 If CH = 1, word separator will be replaced with an ASCII space.
1521 If CH = 2, with two ASCII spaces.
1522 If CH = 3, with the Ethiopic colon-like word separator.
1523
1524 The second and third parameters BEGIN and END specify the region."
1525
1526   (interactive "*cReplace spaces to: 1 (sg col), 2 (dbl col), 3 (Ethiopic)\nr")
1527   (if (not (memq ch '(?1 ?2 ?3)))
1528       (error ""))
1529   (save-excursion
1530     (save-restriction
1531       (narrow-to-region begin end)
1532
1533       (cond
1534        ((= ch ?1)
1535         ;; an Ethiopic word separator --> an ASCII space
1536         (goto-char (point-min))
1537         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1538           (replace-match " " nil t))
1539
1540         ;; two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters --> an ASCII space
1541         (goto-char (point-min))
1542         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1543           (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1544           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1545
1546        ((= ch ?2)
1547         ;; An Ethiopic word separator --> two ASCII spaces
1548         (goto-char (point-min))
1549         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1550           (replace-match "  "))
1551
1552         ;; An ASCII space between Ethiopic characters --> two ASCII spaces
1553         (goto-char (point-min))
1554         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1555           (replace-match "\\1  \\2")
1556           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1557
1558        (t
1559         ;; One or two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1560         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator
1561         (goto-char (point-min))
1562         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  ?\\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1563           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1564           (goto-char (match-beginning 2)))
1565
1566         ;; Three or more ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1567         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator + (N - 2) ASCII spaces
1568         (goto-char (point-min))
1569         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\( *\\ce\\)" nil t)
1570           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1571           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))))))
1572
1573 ;;
1574 ;; special icons
1575 ;;
1576
1577 ;;;###autoload
1578 (defun ethio-input-special-character (arg)
1579   "Allow the user to input special characters."
1580   (interactive "*cInput number: 1.\e$(3%j\e(B  2.\e$(3%k\e(B  3.\e$(3%l\e(B  4.\e$(3%m\e(B  5.\e$(3%i\e(B")
1581   (cond
1582    ((= arg ?1)
1583     (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
1584    ((= arg ?2)
1585     (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
1586    ((= arg ?3)
1587     (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
1588    ((= arg ?4)
1589     (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
1590    ((= arg ?5)
1591     (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
1592    (t
1593     (error ""))))
1594
1595 ;;
1596 ;; TeX support
1597 ;;
1598
1599 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1600  [ "heG"  "huG"  "hiG"  "haG"  "hEG"   "hG"  "hoG"      ""     ;;   0 - 7
1601    "leG"  "luG"  "liG"  "laG"  "lEG"   "lG"  "loG"  "lWaG"     ;;   8
1602    "HeG"  "HuG"  "HiG"  "HaG"  "HEG"   "HG"  "HoG"  "HWaG"     ;;  16
1603    "meG"  "muG"  "miG"  "maG"  "mEG"   "mG"  "moG"  "mWaG"     ;;  24
1604   "sseG" "ssuG" "ssiG" "ssaG" "ssEG"  "ssG" "ssoG" "ssWaG"     ;;  32
1605    "reG"  "ruG"  "riG"  "raG"  "rEG"   "rG"  "roG"  "rWaG"     ;;  40
1606    "seG"  "suG"  "siG"  "saG"  "sEG"   "sG"  "soG"  "sWaG"     ;;  48
1607    "xeG"  "xuG"  "xiG"  "xaG"  "xEG"   "xG"  "xoG"  "xWaG"     ;;  56
1608    "qeG"  "quG"  "qiG"  "qaG"  "qEG"   "qG"  "qoG"      ""     ;;  64
1609   "qWeG"     "" "qWiG" "qWaG" "qWEG"  "qWG"     ""      ""     ;;  72
1610    "QeG"  "QuG"  "QiG"  "QaG"  "QEG"   "QG"  "QoG"      ""     ;;  80
1611   "QWeG"     "" "QWiG" "QWaG" "QWEG"  "QWG"     ""      ""     ;;  88
1612    "beG"  "buG"  "biG"  "baG"  "bEG"   "bG"  "boG"  "bWaG"     ;;  96
1613    "veG"  "vuG"  "viG"  "vaG"  "vEG"   "vG"  "voG"  "vWaG"     ;; 104
1614    "teG"  "tuG"  "tiG"  "taG"  "tEG"   "tG"  "toG"  "tWaG"     ;; 112
1615    "ceG"  "cuG"  "ciG"  "caG"  "cEG"   "cG"  "coG"  "cWaG"     ;; 120
1616   "hheG" "hhuG" "hhiG" "hhaG" "hhEG"  "hhG" "hhoG"      ""     ;; 128
1617   "hWeG"     "" "hWiG" "hWaG" "hWEG"  "hWG"     ""      ""     ;; 136
1618    "neG"  "nuG"  "niG"  "naG"  "nEG"   "nG"  "noG"  "nWaG"     ;; 144
1619    "NeG"  "NuG"  "NiG"  "NaG"  "NEG"   "NG"  "NoG"  "NWaG"     ;; 152
1620     "eG"   "uG"   "iG"   "AG"   "EG"   "IG"   "oG"   "eaG"     ;; 160
1621    "keG"  "kuG"  "kiG"  "kaG"  "kEG"   "kG"  "koG"      ""     ;; 168
1622   "kWeG"     "" "kWiG" "kWaG" "kWEG"  "kWG"     ""      ""     ;; 176
1623    "KeG"  "KuG"  "KiG"  "KaG"  "KEG"   "KG"  "KoG"      ""     ;; 184
1624   "KWeG"     "" "KWiG" "KWaG" "KWEG"  "KWG"     ""      ""     ;; 192
1625    "weG"  "wuG"  "wiG"  "waG"  "wEG"   "wG"  "woG"      ""     ;; 200
1626    "eeG"  "uuG"  "iiG"  "aaG"  "EEG"  "IIG"  "ooG"      ""     ;; 208
1627    "zeG"  "zuG"  "ziG"  "zaG"  "zEG"   "zG"  "zoG"  "zWaG"     ;; 216
1628    "ZeG"  "ZuG"  "ZiG"  "ZaG"  "ZEG"   "ZG"  "ZoG"  "ZWaG"     ;; 224
1629    "yeG"  "yuG"  "yiG"  "yaG"  "yEG"   "yG"  "yoG"  "yWaG"     ;; 232
1630    "deG"  "duG"  "diG"  "daG"  "dEG"   "dG" "doG"   "dWaG"     ;; 240
1631    "DeG"  "DuG"  "DiG"  "DaG"  "DEG"   "DG"  "DoG"  "DWaG"     ;; 248
1632    "jeG"  "juG"  "jiG"  "jaG"  "jEG"   "jG"  "joG"  "jWaG"     ;; 256
1633    "geG"  "guG"  "giG"  "gaG"  "gEG"   "gG"  "goG"     ""      ;; 264
1634   "gWeG"     "" "gWiG" "gWaG" "gWEG"  "gWG"     ""     ""      ;; 272
1635    "GeG"  "GuG"  "GiG"  "GaG"  "GEG"   "GG"  "GoG"  "GWaG"     ;; 280
1636    "TeG"  "TuG"  "TiG"  "TaG"  "TEG"   "TG"  "ToG"  "TWaG"     ;; 288
1637    "CeG"  "CuG"  "CiG"  "CaG"  "CEG"   "CG"  "CoG"  "CWaG"     ;; 296
1638    "PeG"  "PuG"  "PiG"  "PaG"  "PEG"   "PG"  "PoG"  "PWaG"     ;; 304
1639    "SeG"  "SuG"  "SiG"  "SaG"  "SEG"   "SG"  "SoG"  "SWaG"     ;; 312
1640   "SSeG" "SSuG" "SSiG" "SSaG" "SSEG"  "SSG" "SSoG"      ""     ;; 320
1641    "feG"  "fuG"  "fiG"  "faG"  "fEG"   "fG"  "foG"  "fWaG"     ;; 328
1642    "peG"  "puG"  "piG"  "paG"  "pEG"   "pG"  "poG"  "pWaG"     ;; 336
1643   "mYaG" "rYaG" "fYaG"     ""     ""     ""     ""      ""     ;; 344
1644       "" "spaceG" "periodG" "commaG"                           ;; 352
1645   "semicolonG" "colonG" "precolonG" "oldqmarkG"                ;; 356
1646   "pbreakG" "andG" "huletG" "sostG" "aratG" "amstG" "sadstG" "sabatG"  ;; 360
1647   "smntG" "zeteNG" "asrG" "heyaG" "selasaG" "arbaG" "hemsaG" "slsaG"   ;; 368
1648   "sebaG" "semanyaG" "zeTanaG" "metoG" "asrxiG" "" "" ""               ;; 376
1649   "qqeG" "qquG" "qqiG" "qqaG" "qqEG" "qqG" "qqoG"    ""      ;; 384
1650   "mWeG" "bWeG" "GWeG" "fWeG" "pWeG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 392
1651   "kkeG" "kkuG" "kkiG" "kkaG" "kkEG" "kkG" "kkoG"    ""      ;; 400
1652   "mWiG" "bWiG" "GWiG" "fWiG" "pWiG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 408
1653    "XeG"  "XuG" "GXiG"  "XaG"  "XEG"  "XG"  "XoG"    ""      ;; 416
1654   "mWEG" "bWEG" "GWEG" "fWEG" "pWEG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 424
1655   "ggeG" "gguG" "ggiG" "ggaG" "ggEG" "ggG" "ggoG"    ""      ;; 432
1656    "mWG" "bWG"   "GWG"  "fWG"  "pWG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 440
1657   "ornamentG" "flandG" "iflandG" "africaG"                       ;; 448
1658   "iafricaG" "wWeG" "wWiG" "wWaG"                            ;; 452
1659   "wWEG"  "wWG" "" "slaqG" "dotG" "lquoteG" "rquoteG" "qmarkG" ])  ;; 456
1660
1661 ;;
1662 ;; To make tex-to-fidel mapping.
1663 ;; The following code makes
1664 ;;     (get 'ethio-tex-command-he 'ethio-fidel-char)  ==>  ?\e$(3!!\e(B
1665 ;; etc.
1666 ;;
1667
1668 (let ((i 0) str)
1669   (while (< i (length ethio-fidel-to-tex-map))
1670     (setq str (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i))
1671     (if (not (string= str ""))
1672         (put
1673          (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-" (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i)))
1674          'ethio-fidel-char
1675          (ethio-ethiocode-to-char i)))
1676     (setq i (1+ i))))
1677
1678 ;;;###autoload
1679 (defun ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer nil
1680   "Convert each fidel characters in the current buffer into a fidel-tex command.
1681 Each command is always surrounded by braces."
1682   (interactive)
1683   (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
1684
1685     ;; Isolated gemination marks need special treatement
1686     (goto-char (point-min))
1687     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1688       (replace-match "\\geminateG{}" t t))
1689
1690     ;; First, decompose geminations
1691     ;; Here we assume that each composed character consists of
1692     ;; one Ethiopic character and the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1693     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1694
1695     ;; Special treatment for geminated characters
1696     ;; The geminated character (la'') will be "\geminateG{\la}".
1697     (goto-char (point-min))
1698     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1699       (delete-backward-char 1)
1700       (backward-char 1)
1701       (insert "\\geminateG")
1702       (forward-char 1))
1703
1704     ;; Ethiopic characters to TeX macros
1705     (goto-char (point-min))
1706     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1707       (insert
1708        "{\\"
1709        (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1710              (prog1 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))
1711                (backward-delete-char 1)))
1712        "}"))
1713     (goto-char (point-min))
1714     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1715
1716 ;;;###autoload
1717 (defun ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer nil
1718   "Convert fidel-tex commands in the current buffer into fidel chars."
1719   (interactive)
1720   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1721         (p) (ch))
1722
1723     ;; Special treatment for gemination
1724     ;; "\geminateG{\la}" or "\geminateG{{\la}}" will be "\la\e$(3%s\e(B"
1725     ;; "\geminateG{}" remains unchanged.
1726     (goto-char (point-min))
1727     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\geminateG{\\(\\\\[a-zA-Z]+\\)}" nil t)
1728       (replace-match "\\1\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1729
1730     ;; TeX macros to Ethiopic characters
1731     (goto-char (point-min))
1732     (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
1733       (setq p (point))
1734       (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z")
1735       (setq ch
1736             (get (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-"
1737                                  (buffer-substring p (point))))
1738                  'ethio-fidel-char))
1739       (if ch
1740           (progn
1741             (delete-region (1- p) (point)) ; don't forget the preceding "\"
1742             (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?{)
1743                      (= (following-char) ?}))
1744                 (progn
1745                   (backward-delete-char 1)
1746                   (delete-char 1)))
1747             (insert ch))))
1748
1749     ;; compose geminated characters
1750     (goto-char (point-min))
1751     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1752       (compose-region
1753        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1754        (point)))
1755
1756     ;; Now it's time to convert isolated gemination marks.
1757     (goto-char (point-min))
1758     (while (search-forward "\\geminateG{}" nil t)
1759       (replace-match "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1760
1761     (goto-char (point-min))
1762     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1763
1764 ;;
1765 ;; Java support
1766 ;;
1767
1768 ;;;###autoload
1769 (defun ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer nil
1770   "Convert Ethiopic characters into the Java escape sequences.
1771
1772 Each escape sequence is of the form \uXXXX, where XXXX is the
1773 character's codepoint (in hex) in Unicode.
1774
1775 If `ethio-java-save-lowercase' is non-nil, use [0-9a-f].
1776 Otherwise, [0-9A-F]."
1777   (let ((ucode))
1778
1779     ;; first, decompose geminations
1780     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1781
1782     (goto-char (point-min))
1783     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1784       (setq ucode (+ ?\x1200 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))))
1785       (if (> ucode ?\x13bc)
1786           (setq ucode (+ ucode 59952)))
1787       (delete-backward-char 1)
1788       (if ethio-java-save-lowercase
1789           (insert (format "\\u%4x" ucode))
1790         (insert (upcase (format "\\u%4x" ucode)))))))
1791
1792 ;;;###autoload
1793 (defun ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer nil
1794   "Convert the Java escape sequences into corresponding Ethiopic characters."
1795   (let ((ucode))
1796     (goto-char (point-min))
1797     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\u\\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\\)" nil t)
1798       (setq ucode
1799             (read
1800              (concat
1801               "?\\x"
1802               (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
1803       (cond
1804        ((and (>= ucode ?\x1200) (<= ucode ?\x13bc))
1805         (replace-match "")
1806         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode ?\x1200))))
1807        ((and (>= ucode ?\xfdf1) (<= ucode ?\xfdff))
1808         (replace-match "")
1809         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode 64560))))
1810        (t
1811         nil)))
1812
1813     ;; gemination
1814     (goto-char (point-min))
1815     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1816       (compose-region
1817        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1818        (point)))
1819     ))
1820
1821 ;;
1822 ;; file I/O hooks
1823 ;;
1824
1825 ;;;###autoload
1826 (defun ethio-find-file nil
1827   "Transcribe file content into Ethiopic dependig on filename suffix."
1828   (cond
1829
1830    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1831     (save-excursion
1832       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer nil 'force)
1833       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1834
1835    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1836     (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t))
1837       (save-excursion
1838         (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker 'force)
1839         (goto-char (point-min))
1840         (while (re-search-forward "&[lr]aquote;" nil t)
1841           (if (= (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0))) ?l)
1842               (replace-match "\e$(3%v\e(B")
1843             (replace-match "\e$(3%w\e(B")))
1844         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1845
1846    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1847     (save-excursion
1848       (ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer)
1849       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1850
1851    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1852     (save-excursion
1853       (ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer)
1854       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1855
1856    (t
1857     nil)))
1858
1859 ;;;###autoload
1860 (defun ethio-write-file nil
1861   "Transcribe Ethiopic characters in ASCII depending on the file extension."
1862   (cond
1863
1864    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1865     (save-excursion
1866       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer nil 'force)
1867       (goto-char (point-min))
1868       (ethio-record-user-preference)
1869       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1870
1871    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1872     (save-excursion
1873       (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t)
1874             (lq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461))
1875             (rq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462)))
1876         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 "&laquote;")
1877         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 "&raquote;")
1878         (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker 'force)
1879         (goto-char (point-min))
1880         (if (search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1881             (ethio-record-user-preference))
1882         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 lq)
1883         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 rq)
1884         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1885
1886    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1887     (save-excursion
1888       (ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer)
1889       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1890
1891    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1892     (save-excursion
1893       (ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer)
1894       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1895
1896    (t
1897     nil)))
1898
1899 (defun ethio-record-user-preference nil
1900   (if (looking-at "\\\\~\\(tir?\\|amh?\\) ")
1901       (goto-char (match-end 0))
1902     (insert (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir ")))
1903   (insert (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\\~-: " "\\~`: ")
1904           (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\\~`| " "\\~`? ")))
1905
1906 ;;
1907 ;; Ethiopic word separator vs. ASCII space
1908 ;;
1909
1910 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-space t)
1911 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-space)
1912
1913 (defun ethio-toggle-space nil
1914   "Toggle ASCII space and Ethiopic separator for keyboard input."
1915   (interactive)
1916   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1917         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-space))
1918   (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1919       (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1920   (force-mode-line-update))
1921
1922 (defun ethio-insert-space (arg)
1923   "Insert ASCII spaces or Ethiopic word separators depending on context.
1924
1925 If the current word separator (indicated in mode-line) is the ASCII space,
1926 insert an ASCII space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1927
1928 If the current word separator is the colon-like Ethiopic word
1929 separator and the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic punctuation mark
1930 followed by zero or more ASCII spaces', then insert also an ASCII
1931 space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1932
1933 Otherwise, insert a colon-like Ethiopic word separator.  With ARG, insert that
1934 many Ethiopic word separators."
1935
1936   (interactive "*p")
1937   (cond
1938    (ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1939     (insert-char 32 arg))
1940    ((save-excursion
1941       (skip-chars-backward " ")
1942       (memq (preceding-char)
1943             '(?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\e$(3$l\e(B ?\e$(3$m\e(B ?\e$(3$n\e(B ?\e$(3$o\e(B ?\e$(3%t\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?\e$(3%v\e(B ?\e$(3%w\e(B ?\e$(3%x\e(B)))
1944     (insert-char 32 arg))
1945    (t
1946     (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))))
1947
1948 (defun ethio-insert-ethio-space (arg)
1949   "Insert the Ethiopic word delimiter (the colon-like character).
1950 With ARG, insert that many delimiters."
1951   (interactive "*p")
1952   (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))
1953
1954 ;;
1955 ;; Ethiopic punctuation vs. ASCII punctuation
1956 ;;
1957
1958 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation nil)
1959 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation)
1960
1961 (defun ethio-toggle-punctuation nil
1962   "Toggle Ethiopic punctuations and ASCII punctuations for keyboard input."
1963   (interactive)
1964   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1965         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation))
1966   (let* ((keys '("." ".." "..." "," ",," ";" ";;" ":" "::" ":::" "*" "**"))
1967          (puncs
1968           (if ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1969               '(?. [".."] ["..."] ?, [",,"] ?\; [";;"] ?: ["::"] [":::"] ?* ["**"])
1970             '(?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?. ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?, ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\; ?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?: ?* ?\e$(3$o\e(B))))
1971     (while keys
1972       (quail-defrule (car keys) (car puncs) "ethiopic")
1973       (setq keys (cdr keys)
1974             puncs (cdr puncs)))
1975     (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1976         (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1977     (force-mode-line-update)))
1978
1979 ;;
1980 ;; Gemination
1981 ;;
1982
1983 (defun ethio-gemination nil
1984   "Compose the character before the point with the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1985 If the characater is already composed, decompose it and remove the gemination
1986 mark."
1987   (interactive "*")
1988   (cond
1989    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'ethiopic)
1990     (insert "\e$(3%s\e(B")
1991     (compose-region
1992      (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1993      (point))
1994     (forward-char 1))
1995    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'leading-code-composition)
1996     (decompose-region
1997      (save-excursion (backward-char 1) (point))
1998      (point))
1999     (delete-backward-char 1))
2000    (t
2001     (error ""))))
2002
2003 ;;
2004 (provide 'ethio-util)
2005
2006 ;;; ethio-util.el ends here