More fixes in the Emacs manual
[emacs.git] / etc / refcards / calccard.tex
blob08c9cf76cd4a742628c1fd036578a69a4e8c5e30
1 % Reference Card for GNU Emacs Calc 2.02
2 %**start of header
3 \newcount\columnsperpage
5 % The format for this file is adapted from the GNU Emacs reference
6 % card version 1.9, by Stephen Gildea.
8 % This file can be printed with 1, 2, or 3 columns per page (see below).
9 % Specify how many you want here.
11 \columnsperpage=3
13 % PDF output layout. 0 for A4, 1 for letter (US), a `l' is added for
14 % a landscape layout.
16 \input pdflayout.sty
17 \pdflayout=(1l)
19 % Nothing else needs to be changed.
20 % Typical command to format: tex calccard.tex
21 % Typical command to print (3 cols): dvips -t landscape calccard.dvi
23 % Copyright (C) 1987, 1992, 2001-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
25 % This document is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
26 % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
27 % the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
28 % (at your option) any later version.
30 % As a special additional permission, you may distribute reference cards
31 % printed, or formatted for printing, with the notice "Released under
32 % the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later"
33 % instead of the usual distributed-under-the-GNU-GPL notice, and without
34 % a copy of the GPL itself.
36 % This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
37 % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
38 % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
39 % GNU General Public License for more details.
41 % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
42 % along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
44 % This file is intended to be processed by plain TeX (TeX82).
46 % The final reference card has six columns, three on each side.
47 % This file can be used to produce it in any of three ways:
48 % 1 column per page
49 % produces six separate pages, each of which needs to be reduced to 80%.
50 % This gives the best resolution.
51 % 2 columns per page
52 % produces three already-reduced pages.
53 % You will still need to cut and paste.
54 % 3 columns per page
55 % produces two pages which must be printed sideways to make a
56 % ready-to-use 8.5 x 11 inch reference card.
57 % For this you need a dvi device driver that can print sideways.
58 % Which mode to use is controlled by setting \columnsperpage above.
60 % Author (Calc reference card):
61 % Dave Gillespie
62 % UUCP: uunet!synaptx!daveg
63 % Internet: daveg@synaptics.com
65 % Author (refcard.tex format):
66 % Stephen Gildea
67 % UUCP: mit-erl!gildea
68 % Internet: gildea@stop.mail-abuse.org
70 \input emacsver.tex
72 \def\shortcopyrightnotice{\vskip 1ex plus 2 fill
73 \centerline{\small \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.
74 Permissions on back.}}
76 \def\copyrightnotice{
77 \vskip 1ex plus 2 fill\begingroup\small
78 \centerline{Copyright \copyright\ \year\ Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
79 \centerline{designed by Dave Gillespie and Stephen Gildea,}
80 \centerline{for GNU Emacs Calc.}
82 Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or later.
84 For more Emacs documentation, and the \TeX{} source for this card,
85 see the Emacs distribution, or {\tt https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs}
86 \endgroup}
88 % make \bye not \outer so that the \def\bye in the \else clause below
89 % can be scanned without complaint.
90 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject\end}
92 \newdimen\intercolumnskip
93 \newbox\columna
94 \newbox\columnb
96 \def\ncolumns{\the\columnsperpage}
98 \message{[\ncolumns\space
99 column\if 1\ncolumns\else s\fi\space per page]}
101 \def\scaledmag#1{ scaled \magstep #1}
103 % This multi-way format was designed by Stephen Gildea
104 % October 1986.
105 \if 1\ncolumns
106 \hsize 4in
107 \vsize 10in
108 \voffset -.7in
109 \font\titlefont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag3
110 \font\headingfont=\fontname\tenbf \scaledmag2
111 \font\smallfont=\fontname\sevenrm
112 \font\smallsy=\fontname\sevensy
114 \footline{\hss\folio}
115 \def\makefootline{\baselineskip10pt\hsize6.5in\line{\the\footline}}
116 \else
117 \hsize 3.2in
118 \vsize 7.95in
119 \hoffset -.75in
120 \voffset -.745in
121 \font\titlefont=cmbx10 \scaledmag2
122 \font\headingfont=cmbx10 \scaledmag1
123 \font\smallfont=cmr6
124 \font\smallsy=cmsy6
125 \font\eightrm=cmr8
126 \font\eightbf=cmbx8
127 \font\eightit=cmti8
128 \font\eighttt=cmtt8
129 \font\eightsy=cmsy8
130 \textfont0=\eightrm
131 \textfont2=\eightsy
132 \def\rm{\eightrm}
133 \def\bf{\eightbf}
134 \def\it{\eightit}
135 \def\tt{\eighttt}
136 \normalbaselineskip=.8\normalbaselineskip
137 \normallineskip=.8\normallineskip
138 \normallineskiplimit=.8\normallineskiplimit
139 \normalbaselines\rm %make definitions take effect
141 \if 2\ncolumns
142 \let\maxcolumn=b
143 \footline{\hss\rm\folio\hss}
144 \def\makefootline{\vskip 2in \hsize=6.86in\line{\the\footline}}
145 \else \if 3\ncolumns
146 \let\maxcolumn=c
147 \nopagenumbers
148 \else
149 \errhelp{You must set \columnsperpage equal to 1, 2, or 3.}
150 \errmessage{Illegal number of columns per page}
151 \fi\fi
153 \intercolumnskip=.46in
154 \def\abc{a}
155 \output={%
156 % This next line is useful when designing the layout.
157 %\immediate\write16{Column \folio\abc\space starts with \firstmark}
158 \if \maxcolumn\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
159 \else\if a\abc
160 \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
161 %% in case we never use \columnb (two-column mode)
162 \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
163 \else
164 \global\setbox\columnb\columnbox \global\def\abc{c}\fi\fi}
165 \def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{\makeheadline
166 \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
167 \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}
168 \makefootline}\advancepageno}
169 \def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
171 \def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
172 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
173 \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
174 \end}
177 % we won't be using math mode much, so redefine some of the characters
178 % we might want to talk about
179 \catcode`\^=12
180 \catcode`\_=12
182 \chardef\\=`\\
183 \chardef\{=`\{
184 \chardef\}=`\}
186 \hyphenation{mini-buf-fer}
188 \parindent 0pt
189 \parskip 1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex
191 \def\small{\smallfont\textfont2=\smallsy\baselineskip=.8\baselineskip}
193 \outer\def\newcolumn{\vfill\eject}
195 \outer\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
197 \outer\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
198 \vskip 3ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}\mark{#1}%
199 \vskip 2ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
201 \newdimen\keyindent
203 \def\beginindentedkeys{\keyindent=1em}
204 \def\endindentedkeys{\keyindent=0em}
205 \endindentedkeys
207 \def\paralign{\vskip\parskip\halign}
209 \def\<#1>{$\langle${\rm #1}$\rangle$}
211 \def\kbd#1{{\tt#1}\null} %\null so not an abbrev even if period follows
213 \def\beginexample{\par\leavevmode\begingroup
214 \obeylines\obeyspaces\parskip0pt\tt}
215 {\obeyspaces\global\let =\ }
216 \def\endexample{\endgroup}
218 \def\key#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
219 {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
220 \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\kbd{#2}\hfil}}
222 \newbox\metaxbox
223 \setbox\metaxbox\hbox{\kbd{M-x }}
224 \newdimen\metaxwidth
225 \metaxwidth=\wd\metaxbox
227 \def\metax#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\hbox to .75\hsize
228 {\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil}%
229 \hskip -\metaxwidth minus 1fil
230 \kbd{#2}\hfil}}
232 \def\threecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\kbd{#2}\quad
233 &\kbd{#3}\quad\cr}
236 % Calc-specific commands here:
239 \let\^=^
240 \let\_=_
241 \catcode`\^=7
242 \catcode`\_=8
244 % Redefine to make spaces a bit smaller
245 \let\wkbd=\kbd
246 \def\kbd#1{{\spaceskip=.37em\tt#1}\null}
248 \def\wkey#1#2{\leavevmode\hbox to \hsize{\vtop
249 {\hsize=.75\hsize\rightskip=1em
250 \hskip\keyindent\relax#1}\wkbd{#2}\hfil}}
251 \def\wthreecol#1#2#3{\hskip\keyindent\relax#1\hfil&\wkbd{#2}\quad
252 &\wkbd{#3}\quad\cr}
254 \def\stkkey#1#2#3#4{\par\line{\hskip1em\rlap{\kbd{#1}}\hskip4.5em%
255 \rlap{{#2}}\hskip7.5em\rlap{{#3}}\hskip7.5em\rlap{{#4}}\hfill}\par}
256 \def\S#1{$S_{\scriptscriptstyle #1}$}
257 \def\swap{$\leftrightarrow$}
259 \def\calcprefix{C-x *\ }
260 \def\,{{\rm ,\hskip.55em}\ignorespaces}
261 \def\lesssectionskip{\vskip-1.5ex}
263 \def\iline#1{\par\line{\hskip1em\relax #1\hfill}\par}
265 \if 1\ncolumns
266 \else
267 \font\eighti=cmmi8
268 \textfont1=\eighti
271 %**end of header
274 % Column 1
276 \title{GNU Calc Reference Card}
278 \centerline{(for GNU Emacs version \versionemacs)}
280 \section{Starting and Stopping}
282 \wkey{start/stop standard Calc}{\calcprefix c}
283 \wkey{start/stop X keypad Calc}{\calcprefix k}
284 \wkey{\quad start/stop either: \kbd{\calcprefix *}}{}
285 \wkey{stop standard Calc}{q}
287 \wkey{Calc tutorial}{\calcprefix t}
288 \wkey{run Calc in other window}{\calcprefix o}
289 \wkey{quick calculation in minibuffer}{\calcprefix q}
291 \section{Getting Help}
293 \lesssectionskip
294 The \kbd{h} prefix key is Calc's analogue of \kbd{C-h} in Emacs.
296 \key{quick summary of keys}{?}
297 \key{describe key briefly}{h c}
298 \key{describe key fully}{h k}
299 \key{describe function or command}{h f}
300 \key{read Info manual}{h i{\rm\enskip or\enskip}\calcprefix i}
301 \key{read full Calc summary}{h s{\rm\enskip or\enskip}\calcprefix s}
303 \section{Error Recovery}
305 \key{abort command in progress}{C-g}
306 \key{display recent error messages}{w}
307 \key{undo last operation}{U}
308 \key{redo last operation}{D}
309 \key{recall last arguments}{M-RET}
310 \key{edit top of stack}{`}
311 \wkey{reset Calc to initial state}{\calcprefix 0 {\rm (zero)}}
313 \section{Transferring Data}
315 \wkey{grab region from a buffer}{\calcprefix g}
316 \wkey{grab rectangle from a buffer}{\calcprefix r}
317 \wkey{grab rectangle, summing columns}{\calcprefix :}
318 \wkey{grab rectangle, summing rows}{\calcprefix \_}
320 \wkey{yank data to a buffer}{\calcprefix y}
322 Also, try \kbd{C-k}/\kbd{C-y} or X cut and paste.
324 \section{Examples}
326 \lesssectionskip
327 In RPN, enter numbers first, separated by \kbd{RET} if necessary,
328 then type the operator. To enter a calculation in algebraic form,
329 press the apostrophe first.
331 \beginindentedkeys
332 \paralign to \hsize{#\tabskip=10pt plus 1 fil&#\tabskip=0pt\hfil\quad&#\hfil\cr
333 \wthreecol{ }{{\bf RPN style:}}{{\bf algebraic style:}}
334 \wthreecol{Example:}{2 RET 3 +}{' 2+3 RET}
335 \wthreecol{Example:}{2 RET 3 + 4 *}{' (2+3)*4 RET}
336 \wthreecol{Example:}{2 RET 3 RET 4 + *}{' 2*(3+4) RET}
337 \wthreecol{Example:}{3 RET 6 + Q 3 \^}{' sqrt(3+6)\^3 RET}
338 \wthreecol{Example:}{P 3 / n S}{' sin(-pi/3) RET =}
340 \endindentedkeys
342 \shortcopyrightnotice
344 % Column 2
346 \section{Arithmetic}
348 \key{add, subtract, multiply, divide}{+\, -\, *\, /}
349 \key{raise to a power, {\it n\/}th root}{\^\, I \^}
350 \key{change sign}{n}
351 \key{reciprocal $1/x$}{\&}
352 \key{square root $\sqrt x$}{Q}
354 \key{set precision}{p}
355 \key{round off last two digits}{c 2}
356 \key{convert to fraction, float}{c F\, c f}
358 \wkey{enter using algebraic notation}{' 2+3*4}
359 \wkey{refer to previous result}{' 3*\$\^2}
360 \wkey{refer to higher stack entries}{' \$1*\$2\^2}
361 \key{finish alg entry without evaluating}{LFD}
362 \key{set mode where alg entry used by default}{m a}
364 \section{Stack Commands}
366 \lesssectionskip
367 Here \S{n} is the $n$th stack entry, and $N$ is the size of the stack.
369 \vskip.5ex
370 \stkkey{\it key}{\it no prefix}{\it prefix $n$}{\it prefix $-n$}
371 \stkkey{RET}{copy \S{1}}{copy \S{1..n}}{copy \S{n}}
372 \stkkey{LFD}{copy \S{2}}{copy \S{n}}{copy \S{1..n}}
373 \stkkey{DEL}{delete \S{1}}{delete \S{1..n}}{delete \S{n}}
374 \stkkey{M-DEL}{delete \S{2}}{delete \S{n}}{delete \S{1..n}}
375 \stkkey{TAB}{swap \S{1}\swap\S{2}}{roll \S{1} to \S{n}}{roll \S{n} to \S{N}}
376 \stkkey{M-TAB}{roll \S{3} to \S{1}}{roll \S{n} to \S{1}}{roll \S{N} to \S{n}}
378 With a 0 prefix, these copy, delete, or reverse the entire stack.
380 \section{Display}
382 \wkey{scroll horizontally, vertically}{< >\, \{ \}}
383 \key{home cursor}{o}
384 \key{line numbers on/off}{d l}
385 \key{trail display on/off}{t d}
387 \key{scientific notation}{d s}
388 \key{fixed-point notation}{d f}
389 \key{floating-point (normal) notation}{d n}
390 \key{group digits with commas}{d g}
392 For display mode commands, \kbd{H} prefix prevents screen redraw
393 and \kbd{I} prefix temporarily redraws top of stack.
395 \section{Notations}
397 \wkey{scientific notation}{6.02e23}
398 \wkey{minus sign in numeric entry}{\_23{\rm\quad or\quad}23 n}
399 \wkey{fractions}{3:4}
400 \wkey{complex numbers}{({\it x}, {\it y})}
401 \wkey{polar complex numbers}{({\it r}; $\theta$)}
402 \wkey{vectors (commas optional)}{[1, 2, 3]}
403 \wkey{matrices (or nested vectors)}{[1, 2; 3, 4]}
404 \wkey{error forms (\kbd{p} key)}{100 +/- 0.5}
405 \wkey{interval forms}{[2 ..\ 5)}
406 \wkey{modulo forms (\kbd{M} key)}{6 mod 24}
407 \wkey{HMS forms}{5@ 30' 0"}
408 \wkey{date forms}{<Jul 4, 1992>}
409 \wkey{infinity, indeterminate}{inf\, nan}
411 % Column 3
413 \section{Scientific Functions}
415 \key{ln, log${}_{\scriptscriptstyle 10}$, log${}_b$}{L\, H L\, B}
416 \key{exponential {\it e}${}^x$, 10${}^x$}{E\, H E}
417 \key{sin, cos, tan}{S\, C\, T}
418 \key{arcsin, arccos, arctan}{I S\, I C\, I T}
419 \key{inverse, hyperbolic prefix keys}{I\, H}
420 \key{two-argument arctan}{f T}
421 \key{degrees, radians modes}{m d\, m r}
422 \key{pi ($\pi$)}{P}
424 \key{factorial, double factorial}{!\, k d}
425 \key{combinations, permutations}{k c\, H k c}
426 \key{prime factorization}{k f}
427 \key{next prime, previous prime}{k n\, I k n}
428 \key{GCD, LCM}{k g\, k l}
429 \key{random number, shuffle}{k r\, k h}
430 \key{minimum, maximum}{f n\, f x}
432 \key{error functions erf, erfc}{f e\, I f e}
433 \key{gamma, beta functions}{f g\, f b}
434 \key{incomplete gamma, beta functions}{f G\, f B}
435 \key{Bessel $J_\nu$, $Y_\nu$ functions}{f j\, f y}
437 \key{complex magnitude, arg, conjugate}{A\, G\, J}
438 \key{real, imaginary parts}{f r\, f i}
439 \key{convert polar/rectangular}{c p}
441 \section{Financial Functions}
443 \key{enter percentage}{M-\%}
444 \key{convert to percentage}{c \%}
445 \key{percentage change}{b \%}
447 \key{present value}{b P}
448 \key{future value}{b F}
449 \key{rate of return}{b T}
450 \key{number of payments}{b \#}
451 \key{size of payments}{b M}
452 \key{net present value, int.\ rate of return}{b N\, b I}
454 Above computations assume payments at end of period. Use \kbd{I}
455 prefix for beginning of period, or \kbd{H} for a lump sum investment.
457 \key{straight-line depreciation}{b S}
458 \key{sum-of-years'-digits}{b Y}
459 \key{double declining balance}{b D}
461 \section{Units}
463 \wkey{enter with units}{' 55 mi/hr}
464 \key{convert to new units, base units}{u c\, u b}
465 \key{convert temperature units}{u t}
466 \key{simplify units expression}{u s}
467 \key{view units table}{u v}
469 Common units:
470 \iline{distance: \kbd{m}, \kbd{cm}, \kbd{mm}, \kbd{km};
471 \kbd{in}, \kbd{ft}, \kbd{mi}, \kbd{mfi};
472 \kbd{point}, \kbd{lyr}}
473 \iline{volume: \kbd{l} or \kbd{L}, \kbd{ml};
474 \kbd{gal}, \kbd{qt}, \kbd{pt}, \kbd{cup}, \kbd{floz},
475 \kbd{tbsp}, \kbd{tsp}}
476 \iline{mass: \kbd{g}, \kbd{mg}, \kbd{kg}, \kbd{t};
477 \kbd{lb}, \kbd{oz}, \kbd{ton}}
478 \iline{time: \kbd{s} or \kbd{sec}, \kbd{ms}, \kbd{us}, \kbd{ns}, \kbd{min},
479 \kbd{hr}, \kbd{day}, \kbd{wk}}
480 \iline{temperature: \kbd{degC}, \kbd{degF}, \kbd{K}}
482 % Column 4
484 \newcolumn
485 \title{GNU Calc Reference Card}
487 \section{Programmer's Functions}
489 \key{binary, octal, hex display}{d 2\, d 8\, d 6}
490 \key{decimal, other radix display}{d 0\, d r}
491 \key{display leading zeros}{d z}
492 \key{entering non-decimal numbers}{16\#7FFF}
494 \key{binary word size}{b w}
495 \key{binary AND, OR, XOR}{b a\, b o\, b x}
496 \key{binary DIFF, NOT}{b d\, b n}
497 \key{left shift}{b l}
498 \key{logical right shift}{b r}
499 \key{arithmetic right shift}{b R}
501 \key{integer quotient, remainder}{\\\, \%}
502 \key{integer square root, logarithm}{f Q\, f I}
503 \key{floor, ceiling, round to integer}{F\, I F\, R}
505 \section{Variables}
507 \lesssectionskip
508 Variable names are single digits or whole words.
510 \key{store to variable}{s t}
511 \key{store and keep on stack}{s s}
512 \key{recall from variable}{s r}
513 \key{shorthands for digit variables}{t {\it n}\, s {\it n}\, r {\it n}}
514 \key{unstore, exchange variable}{s u\, s x}
515 \key{edit variable}{s e}
517 \section{Vector Operations}
519 \key{vector of 1, 2, $\ldots\mskip\thinmuskip$, {\it n}}{v x {\it n}}
520 \key{vector of {\it n} counts from {\it a} by {\it b}}{C-u v x}
521 \key{vector of copies of a value}{v b}
522 \key{concatenate into vector}{|}
523 \key{pack many stack items into vector}{v p}
524 \key{unpack vector or object}{v u}
526 \key{length of vector (list)}{v l}
527 \key{reverse vector}{v v}
528 \key{sort, grade vector}{V S\, V G}
529 \key{histogram of vector data}{V H}
530 \key{extract vector element}{v r}
532 \key{matrix determinant, inverse}{V D\, \&}
533 \key{matrix transpose, trace}{v t\, V T}
534 \key{cross, dot products}{V C\, *}
535 \key{identity matrix}{v i}
536 \key{extract matrix row, column}{v r\, v c}
538 \key{intersection, union, diff of sets}{V \^\, V V\, V -}
539 \key{cardinality of set}{V \#}
541 \key{add vectors elementwise (i.e., map \kbd{+})}{V M +}
542 \key{sum elements in vector (i.e., reduce \kbd{+})}{V R +}
543 \key{sum rows in matrix}{V R \_ +}
544 \key{sum columns in matrix}{V R : +}
545 \key{sum elements, accumulate results}{V U +}
547 % Column 5
549 \section{Algebra}
551 \wkey{enter an algebraic formula}{' 2x+3y\^2}
552 \wkey{enter an equation}{' 2x\^2=18}
554 \key{symbolic (vs.\ numeric) mode}{m s}
555 \key{fractions (vs.\ float) mode}{m f}
556 \key{suppress evaluation of formulas}{m O}
557 \key{return to default evaluation rules}{m D}
559 \key{``Big'' display mode}{d B}
560 \key{C, Pascal, FORTRAN modes}{d C\, d P\, d F}
561 \key{\TeX, La\TeX, eqn modes}{d T\, d L\, d E}
562 \key{Maxima}{d X}
563 \key{Unformatted mode}{d U}
564 \key{Normal language mode}{d N}
566 \key{simplify formula}{a s}
567 \key{put formula into rational form}{a n}
568 \key{evaluate variables in formula}{=}
569 \key{evaluate numerically}{N}
570 \key{let variable equal a value in formula}{s l {\it x\/}={\it val}}
571 \key{declare properties of variable}{s d}
572 \iline{Common decls: \kbd{pos}, \kbd{int}, \kbd{real},
573 \kbd{scalar}, \kbd{[{\it a}..{\it b}\hskip.1em]}.}
575 \key{expand, collect terms}{a x\, a c}
576 \key{factor, partial fractions}{a f\, a a}
577 \key{polynomial quotient, remainder, GCD}{a \\\, a \%\, a g}
578 \key{derivative, integral}{a d\, a i}
579 \key{taylor series}{a t}
581 \key{principal solution to equation(s)}{a S}
582 \key{list of solutions}{a P}
583 \key{generic solution}{H a S}
584 \key{apply function to both sides of eqn}{a M}
586 \key{rewrite formula}{a r}
587 \iline{Example: \wkbd{a r a*b + a*c := a*(b+c)}}
588 \iline{Example: \wkbd{a r sin(x)\^2 := 1-cos(x)\^2}}
589 \iline{Example: \wkbd{a r cos(n pi) := 1 ::\ integer(n) ::\ n\%2 = 0}}
590 \iline{Example: \wkbd{a r [f(0) := 1, f(n) := n f(n-1) ::\ n > 0]}}
591 \iline{Put rules in \kbd{EvalRules} to have them apply automatically.}
592 \iline{Put rules in \kbd{AlgSimpRules} to apply during \kbd{a s}
593 command.}
594 \iline{Common markers: \kbd{opt}, \kbd{plain}, \kbd{quote}, \kbd{eval},
595 \kbd{let}, \kbd{remember}.}
597 \section{Numerical Computations}
599 \key{sum formula over a range}{a +}
600 \key{product of formula over a range}{a *}
601 \key{tabulate formula over a range}{a T}
602 \key{integrate numerically over a range}{a I}
603 \key{find zero of formula or equation}{a R}
604 \key{find local min, max of formula}{a N\, a X}
605 \key{fit data to line or curve}{a F}
607 \key{mean of data in vector or variable}{u M}
608 \key{median of data}{H u M}
609 \key{geometric mean of data}{u G}
610 \key{sum, product of data}{u +\, u *}
611 \key{minimum, maximum of data}{u N\, u X}
612 \key{sample, pop.\ standard deviation}{u S\, I u S}
614 % Column 6
616 \section{Selections}
618 \key{select subformula under cursor}{j s}
619 \key{select {\it n\/}th subformula}{j {\it n}}
620 \key{select more}{j m}
621 \key{unselect this, all formulas}{j u\, j c}
623 \key{copy indicated subformula}{j RET}
624 \key{delete indicated subformula}{j DEL}
626 \key{commute selected terms}{j C}
627 \key{commute term leftward, rightward}{j L\, j R}
628 \key{distribute, merge selection}{j D\, j M}
629 \key{isolate selected term in equation}{j I}
630 \key{negate, invert term in context}{j N\, j \&}
631 \key{rewrite selected term}{j r}
633 \section{Graphics}
635 \key{graph function or data}{g f}
636 \key{graph 3D function or data}{g F}
637 \key{replot current graph}{g p}
638 \key{print current graph}{g P}
639 \key{add curve to graph}{g a}
640 \key{set number of data points}{g N}
641 \key{set line, point styles}{g s\, g S}
642 \key{set log vs.\ linear {\it x, y} axis}{g l\, g L}
643 \key{set range for {\it x, y} axis}{g r\, g R}
644 \key{close graphics window}{g q}
646 \section{Programming}
648 \key{begin, end recording a macro}{C-x (\, C-x )}
649 \key{replay keyboard macro}{X}
650 \wkey{read region as written-out macro}{\calcprefix m}
651 \key{if, else, endif}{Z [\, Z :\, Z ]}
652 \key{equal to, less than, member of}{a =\, a <\, a \{}
653 \key{repeat {\it n} times, break from loop}{Z <\, Z >\, Z /}
654 \key{``for'' loop: start, end; body, step}{Z (\, Z )}
655 \key{save, restore mode settings}{Z `\, Z '}
656 \key{query user during macro}{Z \#}
657 \key{put finished macro on a key}{Z K}
659 \key{define function with formula}{Z F}
660 \key{edit definition}{Z E}
662 \key{record user-defined command permanently}{Z P}
663 \key{record variable value permanently}{s p}
664 \key{record mode settings permanently}{m m}
666 \copyrightnotice
668 \bye
670 % Local variables:
671 % compile-command: "pdftex calccard"
672 % End: