lisp/language/ethio-util.el

   1 ;;; ethio-util.el --- utilities for Ethiopic -*- coding: iso-2022-7bit; -*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
   4 ;;   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   5 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
   6 ;;   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
   7 ;;   Registration Number H14PRO021
   8
   9 ;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, Ethiopic
  10
  11 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
  12
  13 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  14 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  15 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  16 ;; any later version.
  17
  18 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  19 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  20 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  21 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  22
  23 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  24 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  25 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
  26 ;; Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
  27
  28 ;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@m17n.org>
  29
  30 ;;; Commentary:
  31
  32 ;;; Code:
  33
  34 (defvar rmail-current-message)
  35 (defvar rmail-message-vector)
  36
  37 ;; Information for exiting Ethiopic environment.
  38 (defvar exit-ethiopic-environment-data nil)
  39
  40 ;;;###autoload
  41 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment-internal ()
  42   (let ((key-bindings '((" " . ethio-insert-space)
  43                         ([?\S- ] . ethio-insert-ethio-space)
  44                         ([?\C-'] . ethio-gemination)
  45
  46                         ;; these old bindings conflict
  47                         ;; with Emacs' binding policy
  48
  49                         ;; ([f2] . ethio-toggle-space)
  50                         ;; ([S-f2] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  51                         ;; ([f3] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  52                         ;; ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  53                         ;; ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  54                         ;; ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  55                         ;; ([f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  56                         ;; ([S-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  57                         ;; ([C-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  58                         ;; ([f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  59                         ;; ([f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  60                         ;; ([f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  61
  62                         ;; this is the rewritten bindings
  63
  64                         ([f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  65                         ([S-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  66                         ([C-f3] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  67                         ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  68                         ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  69                         ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  70                         ([S-f5] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  71                         ([S-f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  72                         ([S-f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  73                         ([S-f8] . ethio-input-special-character)
  74                         ([C-f9] . ethio-toggle-space)
  75                         ([S-f9] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  76                         ))
  77         kb)
  78     (while key-bindings
  79       (setq kb (car (car key-bindings)))
  80       (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  81             (cons (cons kb (global-key-binding kb))
  82                   exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  83       (global-set-key kb (cdr (car key-bindings)))
  84       (setq key-bindings (cdr key-bindings))))
  85
  86   (add-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  87   (add-hook 'find-file-hook 'ethio-find-file)
  88   (add-hook 'write-file-functions 'ethio-write-file)
  89   (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  90
  91 (defun exit-ethiopic-environment ()
  92   "Exit Ethiopic language environment."
  93   (while exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  94     (global-set-key (car (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  95                     (cdr (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  96     (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  97           (cdr exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  98
  99   (remove-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
 100   (remove-hook 'find-file-hook 'ethio-find-file)
 101   (remove-hook 'write-file-functions 'ethio-write-file)
 102   (remove-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
 103
 104 ;;
 105 ;; ETHIOPIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS
 106 ;;
 107
 108 ;; If the filename ends in ".sera", editing is done in fidel
 109 ;; but file I/O is done in SERA.
 110 ;;
 111 ;; If the filename ends in ".java", editing is done in fidel
 112 ;; but file I/O is done in the \uXXXX style, where XXXX is
 113 ;; the Unicode codepoint for the Ethiopic character.
 114 ;;
 115 ;; If the filename ends in ".tex", editing is done in fidel
 116 ;; but file I/O is done in EthioTeX format.
 117 ;;
 118 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when sending mail,
 119 ;;   (add-hook 'mail-send-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 120 ;;
 121 ;; To automatically convert SERA format to Ethiopic when receiving mail,
 122 ;;   (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail)
 123 ;;
 124 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when posting news,
 125 ;;   (add-hook 'news-inews-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 126
 127 ;;
 128 ;; users' preference
 129 ;;
 130
 131 (defvar ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna
 132   "*Symbol that defines the primary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 133 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 134
 135 (defvar ethio-secondary-language 'english
 136   "*Symbol that defines the secondary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 137 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 138
 139 (defvar ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil
 140   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic colon.
 141 If nil, associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic word separator, i.e., two
 142 vertically stacked dots.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this
 143 variable.")
 144
 145 (defvar ethio-use-three-dot-question nil
 146   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic old style question mark (three vertically stacked dots).
 147 If nil, associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic stylized question
 148 mark.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this variable.")
 149
 150 (defvar ethio-quote-vowel-always nil
 151   "*Non-nil means always put an apostrophe before an isolated vowel (except at word initial) in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.
 152 If nil, put an apostrophe only between a sixth-form consonant and an
 153 isolated vowel.")
 154
 155 (defvar ethio-W-sixth-always nil
 156   "*Non-nil means convert the Wu-form of a 12-form consonant to \"W'\" instead of \"Wu\" in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.")
 157
 158 (defvar ethio-numeric-reduction 0
 159   "*Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
 160 Should be 0, 1 or 2.
 161 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
 162     `10`9`100`80`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
 163     `109100807      if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
 164     `10900807       if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
 165
 166 (defvar ethio-implicit-period-conversion t
 167   "*Non-nil means replacing the Ethiopic dot at the end of an Ethiopic sentence
 168 with an Ethiopic full stop.")
 169
 170 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
 171   "*Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.
 172 If nil, use uppercases.")
 173
 174 ;;
 175 ;; SERA to FIDEL
 176 ;;
 177
 178 (defconst ethio-sera-to-fidel-table
 179   [
 180    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 181    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 182 ;;; SP
 183    (" "
 184     (?: (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 185         (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 186         (?- " \e$(3$m\e(B")
 187         (?: " \e$(3$i\e(B")
 188         (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B|" " \e$(3$h\e(B|")
 189             (?: " \e$(3$o\e(B"))))
 190
 191 ;;; !   "   #   $   %   &    '
 192    nil nil nil nil nil nil ("" (?' "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
 193 ;;; (   )   *   +    ,      -               .
 194    nil nil nil nil ("\e$(3$j\e(B") ("-" (?: "\e$(3$l\e(B")) ("\e$(3%u\e(B")
 195 ;;;  /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
 196     nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 197 ;;; :
 198    ((if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 199     (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 200     (?- "\e$(3$m\e(B")
 201     (?: "\e$(3$i\e(B")
 202     (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B|" "\e$(3$h\e(B|")
 203         (?: "\e$(3$o\e(B")))
 204 ;;;  ;      <              =    >
 205    ("\e$(3$k\e(B") ("<" (?< "\e$(3%v\e(B")) nil (">" (?> "\e$(3%w\e(B"))
 206 ;;; ?
 207    ((if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3$n\e(B" "\e$(3%x\e(B"))
 208 ;;; @
 209     nil
 210 ;;; A
 211    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 212 ;;; B
 213    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 214          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 215 ;;; C
 216    ("\e$(3$4\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$/\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$0\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$1\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$2\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$3\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$5\e(B")
 217          (?W "\e$(3$6\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$6\e(B")
 218                   (?e "\e$(3$4%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$4%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$4%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$4%q\e(B")))
 219 ;;; D
 220    ("\e$(3#b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#]\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#^\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#_\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#`\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#a\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#c\e(B")
 221          (?W "\e$(3#d\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#d\e(B")
 222                   (?e "\e$(3#b%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#b%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#b%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#b%q\e(B")))
 223 ;;; E
 224    ("\e$(3"g\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#9\e(B"))
 225 ;;; F
 226    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 227          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 228          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 229 ;;; G
 230    ("\e$(3$$\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#}\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$!\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$"\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$#\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$%\e(B")
 231          (?W "\e$(3%c\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%c\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%S\e(B")))
 232 ;;; H
 233    ("\e$(3!6\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!2\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!3\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!4\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!5\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!7\e(B")
 234          (?W "\e$(3!8\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!8\e(B")
 235                   (?e "\e$(3!6%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!6%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!6%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!6%q\e(B")))
 236 ;;; I
 237    ("\e$(3"h\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#:\e(B"))
 238 ;;; J
 239    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 240          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 241                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 242 ;;; K
 243    ("\e$(3#"\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"{\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"|\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"}\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"~\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#!\e(B") (?o "\e$(3##\e(B")
 244          (?W "\e$(3#*\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#%\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#'\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#(\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#)\e(B")))
 245 ;;; L
 246    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 247          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 248                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 249 ;;; M
 250    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 251          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 252          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 253 ;;; N
 254    ("\e$(3"`\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"[\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"\\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"]\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"_\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"a\e(B")
 255          (?W "\e$(3"b\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"b\e(B")
 256                   (?e "\e$(3"`%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"`%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"`%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"`%q\e(B")))
 257 ;;; O
 258    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 259 ;;; P
 260    ("\e$(3$<\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$7\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$8\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$9\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$:\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$;\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$=\e(B")
 261          (?W "\e$(3$>\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$>\e(B")
 262                   (?e "\e$(3$<%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$<%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$<%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$<%q\e(B")))
 263 ;;; Q
 264    ("\e$(3!v\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!s\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!t\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!u\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!w\e(B")
 265          (?W "\e$(3!~\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!{\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!|\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!}\e(B")))
 266 ;;; R
 267    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 268          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 269                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 270          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 271 ;;; S
 272    ("\e$(3$D\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$?\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$@\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$B\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$C\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$E\e(B")
 273          (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 274                   (?e "\e$(3$D%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$D%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$D%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$D%q\e(B"))
 275          (?2 "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 276              (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 277              (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 278                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B"))))
 279 ;;; T
 280    ("\e$(3$,\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$'\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$(\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$)\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$+\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$-\e(B")
 281          (?W "\e$(3$.\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$.\e(B")
 282                   (?e "\e$(3$,%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$,%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$,%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$,%q\e(B")))
 283 ;;; U
 284    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 285 ;;; V
 286    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 287          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 288                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 289 ;;; W
 290    ("\e$(3%r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B"))
 291 ;;; X
 292    ("\e$(3%N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%O\e(B"))
 293 ;;; Y
 294    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 295          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 296                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 297 ;;; Z
 298    ("\e$(3#J\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#E\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#F\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#G\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#H\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#I\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#K\e(B")
 299          (?W "\e$(3#L\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#L\e(B")
 300                   (?e "\e$(3#J%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#J%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#J%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#J%q\e(B")))
 301 ;;; [   \   ]   ^   _
 302    nil nil nil nil nil
 303 ;;; `
 304    (""
 305     (?: "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 306     (?? (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3%x\e(B" "\e$(3$n\e(B"))
 307     (?! "\e$(3%t\e(B")
 308     (?e "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?U "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#7\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#8\e(B") (?A "\e$(3#8\e(B")
 309         (?E "\e$(3#9\e(B") (?I "\e$(3#:\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#;\e(B") (?O "\e$(3#;\e(B")
 310     (?g "\e$(3%^\e(B"
 311         (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B"))
 312     (?h "\e$(3"H\e(B"
 313         (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 314                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B")))
 315     (?k "\e$(3%>\e(B"
 316         (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B"))
 317     (?s "\e$(3!F\e(B"
 318         (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 319         (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 320                    (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B")))
 321     (?S "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 322         (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 323         (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 324                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B")))
 325     (?q "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 326 ;;; a
 327    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 328 ;;; b
 329    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 330          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 331 ;;; c
 332    ("\e$(3"@\e(B" (?e "\e$(3";\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"<\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"=\e(B") (?a "\e$(3">\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"?\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"A\e(B")
 333          (?W "\e$(3"B\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"B\e(B")
 334                   (?e "\e$(3"@%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"@%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"@%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"@%q\e(B")))
 335 ;;; d
 336    ("\e$(3#Z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#U\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#V\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#W\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#X\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Y\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#[\e(B")
 337          (?W "\e$(3#\\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#\\e(B")
 338                   (?e "\e$(3#Z%o\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#Z%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#Z%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Z%q\e(B")))
 339 ;;; e
 340    ("\e$(3"c\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"j\e(B"))
 341 ;;; f
 342    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 343          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 344          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 345 ;;; g
 346    ("\e$(3#r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#m\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#s\e(B")
 347          (?W "\e$(3#z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#u\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#w\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#x\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#y\e(B"))
 348          (?2 "\e$(3%^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B")))
 349 ;;; h
 350    ("\e$(3!&\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!!\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!"\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!#\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!$\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!%\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!'\e(B")
 351          (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))
 352          (?2 "\e$(3"H\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 353                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))))
 354 ;;; i
 355    ("\e$(3"e\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#7\e(B"))
 356 ;;; j
 357    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 358          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 359                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 360 ;;; k
 361    ("\e$(3"p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"k\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"l\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"m\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"n\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"o\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"q\e(B")
 362          (?W "\e$(3"x\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"s\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"x\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"u\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"v\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"w\e(B"))
 363          (?2 "\e$(3%>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B")))
 364 ;;; l
 365    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 366          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 367                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 368 ;;; m
 369    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 370          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 371          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 372 ;;; n
 373    ("\e$(3"X\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"S\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"T\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"U\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"W\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"Y\e(B")
 374          (?W "\e$(3"Z\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"Z\e(B")
 375                   (?e "\e$(3"X%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"X%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"X%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"X%q\e(B")))
 376 ;;; o
 377    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 378 ;;; p
 379    ("\e$(3$\\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$W\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$X\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Y\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$Z\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$[\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$]\e(B")
 380          (?W "\e$(3%e\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%e\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%U\e(B")))
 381 ;;; q
 382    ("\e$(3!f\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!a\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!c\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!d\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!e\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!g\e(B")
 383          (?W "\e$(3!n\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!i\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!k\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!l\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!m\e(B"))
 384          (?2 "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 385 ;;; r
 386    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 387          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 388                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 389          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 390 ;;; s
 391    ("\e$(3!V\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!R\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!S\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!T\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!U\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!W\e(B")
 392          (?W "\e$(3!X\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!X\e(B")
 393                   (?e "\e$(3!V%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!V%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!V%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!V%q\e(B"))
 394          (?2 "\e$(3!F\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 395                   (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 396                            (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B"))))
 397 ;;; t
 398    ("\e$(3"8\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"4\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"6\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"7\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"9\e(B")
 399          (?W "\e$(3":\e(B" (?a "\e$(3":\e(B")
 400                   (?e "\e$(3"8%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"8%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"8%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"8%q\e(B")))
 401 ;;; u
 402    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 403 ;;; v
 404    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 405          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 406                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 407 ;;; w
 408    ("\e$(3#2\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#-\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#.\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#/\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#0\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#1\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#3\e(B")
 409          (?W "\e$(3%p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B")))
 410 ;;; x
 411    ("\e$(3!^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3![\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!_\e(B")
 412          (?W "\e$(3!`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!`\e(B")
 413                   (?e "\e$(3!^%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!^%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!^%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!^%q\e(B")))
 414 ;;; y
 415    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 416          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 417                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 418 ;;; z
 419    ("\e$(3#B\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#=\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#>\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#?\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#A\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#C\e(B")
 420          (?W "\e$(3#D\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#D\e(B")
 421                   (?e "\e$(3#B%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#B%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#B%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#B%q\e(B")))
 422 ;;; {   |   }   ~  DEL
 423    nil nil nil nil nil
 424    ])
 425
 426 ;; To avoid byte-compiler warnings.  It should never be set globally.
 427 (defvar ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
 428 ;; This variable will be bound by some third-party package.
 429 (defvar sera-being-called-by-w3)
 430
 431 ;;;###autoload
 432 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (beg end &optional secondary force)
 433   "Convert the characters in region from SERA to FIDEL.
 434 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary language
 435 and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 436
 437 If the 3rd parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, assume the region
 438 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 439 language.
 440
 441 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, perform conversion
 442 even if the buffer is read-only.
 443
 444 See also the descriptions of the variables
 445 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 446 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 447
 448   (interactive "r\nP")
 449   (save-restriction
 450     (narrow-to-region beg end)
 451     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer secondary force)))
 452
 453 ;;;###autoload
 454 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer (&optional secondary force)
 455   "Convert the current buffer from SERA to FIDEL.
 456
 457 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 458 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 459
 460 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, assume the buffer
 461 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 462 language.
 463
 464 If the 2nd optional parametr FORCE is non-nil, perform conversion even if the
 465 buffer is read-only.
 466
 467 See also the descriptions of the variables
 468 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 469 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 470
 471   (interactive "P")
 472
 473   (if (and buffer-read-only
 474            (not force)
 475            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 476       (error ""))
 477
 478   (let ((ethio-primary-language ethio-primary-language)
 479         (ethio-secondary-language ethio-secondary-language)
 480         (ethio-use-colon-for-colon ethio-use-colon-for-colon)
 481         (ethio-use-three-dot-question ethio-use-three-dot-question)
 482         ;; The above four variables may be changed temporary
 483         ;; by tilde escapes during conversion.  So we bind them to other
 484         ;; variables but of the same names.
 485         (buffer-read-only nil)
 486         (case-fold-search nil)
 487         current-language
 488         next-language)
 489
 490     (setq current-language
 491           (if secondary
 492               ethio-secondary-language
 493             ethio-primary-language))
 494
 495     (goto-char (point-min))
 496
 497     (while (not (eobp))
 498       (setq next-language
 499             (cond
 500              ((eq current-language 'english)
 501               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))
 502              ((eq current-language 'amharic)
 503               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'amharic))
 504              ((eq current-language 'tigrigna)
 505               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'tigrigna))
 506              (t                         ; we don't know what to do
 507               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))))
 508
 509       (setq current-language
 510             (cond
 511
 512              ;; when language tag is explicitly specified
 513              ((not (eq next-language 'toggle))
 514               next-language)
 515
 516              ;; found a toggle in a primary language section
 517              ((eq current-language ethio-primary-language)
 518               ethio-secondary-language)
 519
 520              ;; found a toggle in a secondary, third, fourth, ...
 521              ;; language section
 522              (t
 523               ethio-primary-language))))
 524
 525     ;; If ethio-implicit-period-conversion is non-nil, the
 526     ;; Ethiopic dot "\e$(3%u\e(B" at the end of an Ethiopic sentence is
 527     ;; replaced with the Ethiopic full stop "\e$(3$i\e(B".
 528     (if ethio-implicit-period-conversion
 529         (progn
 530           (goto-char (point-min))
 531           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B\\([ \t]\\)"
 532                                     nil t)
 533             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B\\2"))
 534           (goto-char (point-min))
 535           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B$" nil t)
 536             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B"))))
 537
 538     ;; gemination
 539     (goto-char (point-min))
 540     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
 541       (compose-region
 542        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
 543        (point)))
 544     ))
 545
 546 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-english nil
 547   "Handle English section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 548 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 549 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol."
 550   (let ((new-language nil))
 551
 552     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 553       (cond
 554
 555        ;; if no more "\", nothing to do.
 556        ((not (search-forward "\\" nil 0)))
 557
 558        ;; hereafter point is put after a "\".
 559        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars
 560
 561        ;; "\\" :  leave the second "\"
 562        ((progn
 563           (delete-backward-char 1)
 564           (= (following-char) ?\\ ))
 565         (forward-char 1))
 566
 567        ;; "\ " :  delete the following " "
 568        ((= (following-char) 32)
 569         (delete-char 1)
 570         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 571
 572        ;; a language flag
 573        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 574
 575        ;; just a "\" :  not special sequence.
 576        (t
 577         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 578
 579     new-language))
 580
 581 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio (lang)
 582   "Handle Ethiopic section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 583 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 584 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol.
 585
 586 The parameter LANG (symbol, either `amharic' or `tigrigna') affects
 587 the conversion of \"a\"."
 588
 589   (let ((new-language nil)
 590         (verbatim nil)
 591         start table table2 ch)
 592
 593     (setcar (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ?a)
 594             (if (eq lang 'tigrigna) "\e$(3"f\e(B" "\e$(3"c\e(B"))
 595
 596     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 597       (setq ch (following-char))
 598       (cond
 599
 600        ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if in w3-mode
 601        ((and (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&))
 602              (or (and (boundp 'ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
 603                       ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
 604                  (and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
 605                       sera-being-called-by-w3)))
 606         (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
 607                         nil 0))
 608
 609        ;; leave non-ASCII characters as they are
 610        ((>= ch 128)
 611         (forward-char 1))
 612
 613        ;; ethiopic digits
 614        ((looking-at "`[1-9][0-9]*")
 615         (delete-char 1)
 616         (ethio-convert-digit))
 617
 618        ;; if not seeing a "\", do sera to fidel conversion
 619        ((/= ch ?\\ )
 620         (setq start (point))
 621         (forward-char 1)
 622         (setq table (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ch))
 623         (while (setq table2 (cdr (assoc (following-char) table)))
 624           (setq table table2)
 625           (forward-char 1))
 626         (if (setq ch (car table))
 627             (progn
 628               (delete-region start (point))
 629               (if (stringp ch)
 630                   (insert ch)
 631                 (insert (eval ch))))))
 632
 633        ;; if control reaches here, we must be looking at a "\"
 634
 635        ;; verbatim mode
 636        (verbatim
 637         (if (looking-at "\\\\~! ?")
 638
 639             ;; "\~!" or "\~! ".  switch to non-verbatim mode
 640             (progn
 641               (replace-match "")
 642               (setq verbatim nil))
 643
 644           ;; "\" but not "\~!" nor "\~! ".  skip the current "\".
 645           (forward-char 1)))
 646
 647        ;; hereafter, non-verbatim mode and looking at a "\"
 648        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars.
 649
 650        ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
 651        ((progn
 652           (delete-char 1)
 653           (setq ch (following-char))
 654           (= ch 32))
 655         (delete-char 1)
 656         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 657
 658        ;; "\~!" or "\~! " : switch to verbatim mode
 659        ((looking-at "~! ?")
 660         (replace-match "")
 661         (setq verbatim t))
 662
 663        ;; a language flag
 664        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 665
 666        ;; "\~" but not "\~!" nor a language flag
 667        ((= ch ?~)
 668         (delete-char 1)
 669         (ethio-tilde-escape))
 670
 671        ;; ASCII punctuation escape.  skip
 672        ((looking-at "\\(,\\|\\.\\|;\\|:\\|'\\|`\\|\?\\|\\\\\\)+")
 673         (goto-char (match-end 0)))
 674
 675        ;; "\", but not special sequence
 676        (t
 677         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 678
 679     new-language))
 680
 681 (defun ethio-process-language-flag nil
 682   "Process a language flag of the form \"~lang\" or \"~lang1~lang2\".
 683
 684 If looking at \"~lang1~lang2\", set `ethio-primary-language' and
 685 `ethio-une-secondary-language' based on \"lang1\" and \"lang2\".
 686 Then delete the language flag \"~lang1~lang2\" from the buffer.
 687 Return value is the new primary language.
 688
 689 If looking at \"~lang\", delete that language flag \"~lang\" from the
 690 buffer and return that language.  In this case
 691 `ethio-primary-language' and `ethio-uni-secondary-language'
 692 are left unchanged.
 693
 694 If an unsupported language flag is found, just return nil without
 695 changing anything."
 696
 697   (let (lang1 lang2)
 698     (cond
 699
 700      ;; ~lang1~lang2
 701      ((and (looking-at
 702             "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 703            (setq lang1
 704                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 705                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
 706            (setq lang2
 707                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 708                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))))
 709       (setq ethio-primary-language lang1
 710             ethio-secondary-language lang2)
 711       (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
 712       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 713           (delete-char 1))
 714       ethio-primary-language)
 715
 716      ;; ~lang
 717      ((and (looking-at "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 718            (setq lang1
 719                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 720                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
 721       (delete-region (point) (match-end 1))
 722       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 723           (delete-char 1))
 724       lang1)
 725
 726      ;; otherwise
 727      (t
 728       nil))))
 729
 730 (defun ethio-tilde-escape nil
 731   "Handle a SERA tilde escape in Ethiopic section and delete it.
 732 Delete the escape even it is not recognized."
 733
 734   (let ((p (point)) command)
 735     (skip-chars-forward "^ \t\n\\\\")
 736     (setq command (buffer-substring p (point)))
 737     (delete-region p (point))
 738     (if (= (following-char) 32)
 739         (delete-char 1))
 740
 741     (cond
 742
 743      ;; \~-:
 744      ((string= command "-:")
 745       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon t))
 746
 747      ;; \~`:
 748      ((string= command "`:")
 749       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil))
 750
 751      ;; \~?
 752      ((string= command "?")
 753       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question nil))
 754
 755      ;; \~`|
 756      ((string= command "`|")
 757       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question t))
 758
 759      ;; \~e
 760      ((string= command "e")
 761       (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
 762
 763      ;; \~E
 764      ((string= command "E")
 765       (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
 766
 767      ;; \~a
 768      ((string= command "a")
 769       (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
 770
 771      ;; \~A
 772      ((string= command "A")
 773       (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
 774
 775      ;; \~X
 776      ((string= command "X")
 777       (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
 778
 779      ;; unsupported tilde escape
 780      (t
 781       nil))))
 782
 783 (defun ethio-flag-to-language (flag)
 784   (cond
 785    ((or (string= flag "en") (string= flag "eng")) 'english)
 786    ((or (string= flag "ti") (string= flag "tir")) 'tigrigna)
 787    ((or (string= flag "am") (string= flag "amh")) 'amharic)
 788    (t nil)))
 789
 790 (defun ethio-convert-digit nil
 791   "Convert Arabic digits to Ethiopic digits."
 792   (let (ch z)
 793     (while (and (>= (setq ch (following-char)) ?1)
 794                 (<= ch ?9))
 795       (delete-char 1)
 796
 797       ;; count up following zeros
 798       (setq z 0)
 799       (while (= (following-char) ?0)
 800         (delete-char 1)
 801         (setq z (1+ z)))
 802
 803       (cond
 804
 805        ;; first digit is 10, 20, ..., or 90
 806        ((= (mod z 2) 1)
 807         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$y\e(B ?\e$(3$z\e(B ?\e$(3${\e(B ?\e$(3$|\e(B ?\e$(3$}\e(B ?\e$(3$~\e(B ?\e$(3%!\e(B ?\e$(3%"\e(B ?\e$(3%#\e(B] (- ch ?1)))
 808         (setq z (1- z)))
 809
 810        ;; first digit is 2, 3, ..., or 9
 811        ((/= ch ?1)
 812         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$q\e(B ?\e$(3$r\e(B ?\e$(3$s\e(B ?\e$(3$t\e(B ?\e$(3$u\e(B ?\e$(3$v\e(B ?\e$(3$w\e(B ?\e$(3$x\e(B] (- ch ?2))))
 813
 814        ;; single 1
 815        ((= z 0)
 816         (insert "\e$(3$p\e(B")))
 817
 818       ;; 100
 819       (if (= (mod z 4) 2)
 820           (insert "\e$(3%$\e(B"))
 821
 822       ;; 10000
 823       (insert-char ?\e$(3%%\e(B (/ z 4)))))
 824
 825 ;;;###autoload
 826 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
 827   "Execute `ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail' or `ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker' depending on the current major mode.
 828 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
 829
 830   (interactive "P")
 831   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 832           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
 833       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (prefix-numeric-value arg))
 834     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker arg)))
 835
 836 ;;;###autoload
 837 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (&optional arg)
 838   "Convert SERA to FIDEL to read/write mail and news.
 839
 840 If the buffer contains the markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\",
 841 convert the segments between them into FIDEL.
 842
 843 If invoked interactively and there is no marker, convert the subject field
 844 and the body into FIDEL using `ethio-sera-to-fidel-region'."
 845
 846   (interactive "p")
 847   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
 848         border)
 849     (save-excursion
 850
 851       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
 852       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
 853       (forward-line 1)
 854       (setq border (point))
 855
 856       ;; note that the point is placed at the border
 857       (if (or (re-search-forward "^<sera>$" nil t)
 858               (progn
 859                 (goto-char (point-min))
 860                 (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)))
 861
 862           ;; there are markers
 863           (progn
 864             ;; we start with the body so that the border will not change
 865             ;; use "^<sera>\n" instead of "^<sera>$" not to leave a blank line
 866             (goto-char border)
 867             (while (re-search-forward "^<sera>\n" nil t)
 868               (replace-match "")
 869               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 870                (point)
 871                (progn
 872                  (if (re-search-forward "^</sera>\n" nil 0)
 873                      (replace-match ""))
 874                  (point))))
 875             ;; now process the subject
 876             (goto-char (point-min))
 877             (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)
 878                 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 879                  (progn (delete-backward-char 6) (point))
 880                  (progn
 881                    (if (re-search-forward "</sera>$" (line-end-position) 0)
 882                        (replace-match ""))
 883                    (point)))))
 884
 885         ;; in case there are no marks but invoked interactively
 886         (if arg
 887             (progn
 888               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region border (point-max))
 889               (goto-char (point-min))
 890               (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
 891                   (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (point) (line-end-position))))))
 892
 893       ;; adjust the rmail marker
 894       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 895           (set-marker
 896            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
 897            (point-max))))))
 898
 899 ;;;###autoload
 900 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker (&optional force)
 901   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from SERA to FIDEL.
 902 Assume that each region begins with `ethio-primary-language'.
 903 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
 904   (interactive "P")
 905   (if (and buffer-read-only
 906            (not force)
 907            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 908       (error ""))
 909   (save-excursion
 910     (goto-char (point-min))
 911     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
 912       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 913        (point)
 914        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
 915            (match-beginning 0)
 916          (point-max))
 917        nil
 918        'force))))
 919
 920 ;;
 921 ;; FIDEL to SERA
 922 ;;
 923
 924 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-sera-map
 925  [ "he"  "hu"  "hi"  "ha"  "hE"  "h"  "ho"    ""       ;;   0 - 7
 926    "le"  "lu"  "li"  "la"  "lE"  "l"  "lo"  "lWa"      ;;   8
 927    "He"  "Hu"  "Hi"  "Ha"  "HE"  "H"  "Ho"  "HWa"      ;;  16
 928    "me"  "mu"  "mi"  "ma"  "mE"  "m"  "mo"  "mWa"      ;;  24
 929   "`se" "`su" "`si" "`sa" "`sE" "`s" "`so" "`sWa"      ;;  32
 930    "re"  "ru"  "ri"  "ra"  "rE"  "r"  "ro"  "rWa"      ;;  40
 931    "se"  "su"  "si"  "sa"  "sE"  "s"  "so"  "sWa"      ;;  48
 932    "xe"  "xu"  "xi"  "xa"  "xE"  "x"  "xo"  "xWa"      ;;  56
 933    "qe"  "qu"  "qi"  "qa"  "qE"  "q"  "qo"    ""       ;;  64
 934   "qWe"   ""  "qWi" "qWa" "qWE"  "qW'" ""     ""       ;;  72
 935    "Qe"  "Qu"  "Qi"  "Qa"  "QE"  "Q"  "Qo"    ""       ;;  80
 936   "QWe"   ""  "QWi" "QWa" "QWE"  "QW'" ""     ""       ;;  88
 937    "be"  "bu"  "bi"  "ba"  "bE"  "b"  "bo"  "bWa"      ;;  96
 938    "ve"  "vu"  "vi"  "va"  "vE"  "v"  "vo"  "vWa"      ;; 104
 939    "te"  "tu"  "ti"  "ta"  "tE"  "t"  "to"  "tWa"      ;; 112
 940    "ce"  "cu"  "ci"  "ca"  "cE"  "c"  "co"  "cWa"      ;; 120
 941   "`he" "`hu" "`hi" "`ha" "`hE" "`h" "`ho"    ""       ;; 128
 942   "hWe"   ""  "hWi" "hWa"  "hWE" "hW'" ""     ""       ;; 136
 943    "ne"  "nu"  "ni"  "na"  "nE"  "n"  "no"  "nWa"      ;; 144
 944    "Ne"  "Nu"  "Ni"  "Na"  "NE"  "N"  "No"  "NWa"      ;; 152
 945     "e"   "u"   "i"   "A"   "E"  "I"   "o"   "ea"      ;; 160
 946    "ke"  "ku"  "ki"  "ka"  "kE"  "k"  "ko"    ""       ;; 168
 947   "kWe"   ""  "kWi" "kWa" "kWE"  "kW'" ""     ""       ;; 176
 948    "Ke"  "Ku"  "Ki"  "Ka"  "KE"  "K"  "Ko"    ""       ;; 184
 949   "KWe"   ""  "KWi" "KWa" "KWE"  "KW'" ""     ""       ;; 192
 950    "we"  "wu"  "wi"  "wa"  "wE"  "w"  "wo"    ""       ;; 200
 951    "`e"  "`u"  "`i"  "`a"  "`E" "`I"  "`o"    ""       ;; 208
 952    "ze"  "zu"  "zi"  "za"  "zE"  "z"  "zo"  "zWa"      ;; 216
 953    "Ze"  "Zu"  "Zi"  "Za"  "ZE"  "Z"  "Zo"  "ZWa"      ;; 224
 954    "ye"  "yu"  "yi"  "ya"  "yE"  "y"  "yo"  "yWa"      ;; 232
 955    "de"  "du"  "di"  "da"  "dE"  "d"  "do"  "dWa"      ;; 240
 956    "De"  "Du"  "Di"  "Da"  "DE"  "D"  "Do"  "DWa"      ;; 248
 957    "je"  "ju"  "ji"  "ja"  "jE"  "j"  "jo"  "jWa"      ;; 256
 958    "ge"  "gu"  "gi"  "ga"  "gE"  "g"  "go"    ""       ;; 264
 959   "gWe"   ""  "gWi" "gWa" "gWE" "gW'"  ""     ""       ;; 272
 960    "Ge"  "Gu"  "Gi"  "Ga"  "GE"  "G"  "Go"  "GWa"      ;; 280
 961    "Te"  "Tu"  "Ti"  "Ta"  "TE"  "T"  "To"  "TWa"      ;; 288
 962    "Ce"  "Cu"  "Ci"  "Ca"  "CE"  "C"  "Co"  "CWa"      ;; 296
 963    "Pe"  "Pu"  "Pi"  "Pa"  "PE"  "P"  "Po"  "PWa"      ;; 304
 964    "Se"  "Su"  "Si"  "Sa"  "SE"  "S"  "So"  "SWa"      ;; 312
 965   "`Se" "`Su" "`Si" "`Sa" "`SE" "`S" "`So"    ""       ;; 320
 966    "fe"  "fu"  "fi"  "fa"  "fE"  "f"  "fo"  "fWa"      ;; 328
 967    "pe"  "pu"  "pi"  "pa"  "pE"  "p"  "po"  "pWa"      ;; 336
 968   "mYa" "rYa" "fYa"   ""    ""   ""    ""     ""       ;; 344
 969    " "  " : "  "::"  ","   ";"  "-:"  ":-"   "`?"      ;; 352
 970   ":|:"  "1"   "2"   "3"   "4"   "5"   "6"   "7"       ;; 360
 971    "8"   "9"   "10"  "20"  "30"  "40" "50"   "60"      ;; 368
 972    "70"  "80"  "90" "100" "10000" ""   ""     ""       ;; 376
 973   "`qe" "`qu" "`qi" "`qa" "`qE" "`q" "`qo"    ""       ;; 384
 974   "mWe" "bWe" "GWe" "fWe" "pWe"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 392
 975   "`ke" "`ku" "`ki" "`ka" "`kE" "`k" "`ko"    ""       ;; 400
 976   "mWi" "bWi" "GWi" "fWi" "pWi"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 408
 977    "Xe"  "Xu"  "Xi"  "Xa"  "XE"  "X"  "Xo"    ""       ;; 416
 978   "mWE" "bWE" "GWE" "fWE" "pWE"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 424
 979   "`ge" "`gu" "`gi" "`ga" "`gE" "`g" "`go"    ""       ;; 432
 980   "mW'" "bW'" "GW'" "fW'" "pW'"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 440
 981   "\\~X " "\\~e " "\\~E " "\\~a " "\\~A " "wWe" "wWi" "wWa" ;; 448
 982   "wWE" "wW'"  "''"  "`!"  "."  "<<"  ">>"   "?" ])    ;; 456
 983
 984 (defun ethio-prefer-amharic-p nil
 985   (or (eq ethio-primary-language 'amharic)
 986       (and (not (eq ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna))
 987            (eq ethio-secondary-language 'amharic))))
 988
 989 (defun ethio-language-to-flag (lang)
 990   (cond
 991    ((eq lang 'english) "eng")
 992    ((eq lang 'tigrigna) "tir")
 993    ((eq lang 'amharic) "amh")
 994    (t "")))
 995
 996 ;;;###autoload
 997 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-region (begin end &optional secondary force)
 998   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the region to the SERA format.
 999 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
1000 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
1001
1002 If the 3dr parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, try to convert
1003 the region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with
1004 the primary language.
1005
1006 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, convert even if the
1007 buffer is read-only.
1008
1009 See also the descriptions of the variables
1010 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1011 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1012
1013   (interactive "r\nP")
1014   (save-restriction
1015     (narrow-to-region begin end)
1016     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer secondary force)))
1017
1018 ;;;###autoload
1019 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer (&optional secondary force)
1020   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the current buffer to the SERA format.
1021 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
1022 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
1023
1024 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, try to convert the
1025 region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with the
1026 primary language.
1027
1028 If the 2nd optional parameter FORCE is non-nil, convert even if the
1029 buffer is read-only.
1030
1031 See also the descriptions of the variables
1032 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1033 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1034
1035   (interactive "P")
1036   (if (and buffer-read-only
1037            (not force)
1038            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1039       (error ""))
1040
1041   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1042         (case-fold-search nil)
1043         (lonec nil) ;; t means previous char was a lone consonant
1044         (fidel nil) ;; t means previous char was a FIDEL
1045         (digit nil) ;; t means previous char was an Ethiopic digit
1046         (flag (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir "))
1047         mode ch)
1048
1049     ;; user's preference in transcription
1050     (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon
1051         (progn
1052           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 "`:")
1053           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 ":"))
1054       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 " : ")
1055       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 "-:"))
1056
1057     (if ethio-use-three-dot-question
1058         (progn
1059           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "?")
1060           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "`?"))
1061       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "`?")
1062       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "?"))
1063
1064     (mapcar
1065      '(lambda (x)
1066         (aset (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map x)
1067               2
1068               (if ethio-W-sixth-always ?' ?u)))
1069      '(77 93 141 181 197 277 440 441 442 443 444 457))
1070
1071     (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1072         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "a")
1073       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "e"))
1074     ;; end of user's preference
1075
1076     ;; first, decompose geminated characters
1077     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1078
1079     ;; main conversion routine
1080     (goto-char (point-min))
1081     (while (not (eobp))
1082       (setq ch (following-char))
1083
1084       (cond                             ; ethiopic, english, neutral
1085
1086        ;; ethiopic character.  must go to ethiopic mode, if not in it.
1087        ((eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1088         (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch))
1089         (delete-char 1)
1090         (if (not (eq mode 'ethiopic))
1091             (progn
1092               (insert flag)
1093               (setq mode 'ethiopic)))
1094
1095         (cond                           ; fidel, punc, digit
1096
1097          ;; fidels
1098          ((or (<= ch 346)               ;  he - fYa
1099               (and (>= ch 384) (<= ch 444)) ; `qe - pw
1100               (and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))) ; wWe - wW
1101           (if (and (memq ch '(160 161 162 163 164 166 167)) ; (e - ea)
1102                    (or lonec
1103                        (and ethio-quote-vowel-always
1104                             fidel)))
1105               (insert "'"))
1106           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1107           (setq lonec (ethio-lone-consonant-p ch)
1108                 fidel t
1109                 digit nil))
1110
1111          ;; punctuations or icons
1112          ((or (and (>= ch 353) (<= ch 360)) ;  : - :|:
1113               (>= ch 458)               ;  '' -  ?
1114               (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452))) ;  \~X \~e \~E \~a \~A
1115           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1116           (setq lonec nil
1117                 fidel nil
1118                 digit nil))
1119
1120          ;; now CH must be an ethiopic digit
1121
1122          ;; reduction = 0 or not preceded by Ethiopic number(s)
1123          ((or (= ethio-numeric-reduction 0)
1124               (not digit))
1125           (insert "`" (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1126           (setq lonec nil
1127                 fidel nil
1128                 digit t))
1129
1130          ;; reduction = 2 and following 10s, 100s, 10000s
1131          ((and (= ethio-numeric-reduction 2)
1132                (memq ch '(370 379 380)))
1133           (insert (substring (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch) 1))
1134           (setq lonec nil
1135                 fidel nil
1136                 digit t))
1137
1138          ;; ordinary following digits
1139          (t
1140           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1141           (setq lonec nil
1142                 fidel nil
1143                 digit t))))
1144
1145        ;; english character.  must go to english mode, if not in it.
1146        ((or (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?z))
1147             (and (>= ch ?A) (<= ch ?Z)))
1148         (if (not (eq mode 'english))
1149             (insert "\\~eng "))
1150         (forward-char 1)
1151         (setq mode 'english
1152               lonec nil
1153               fidel nil
1154               digit nil))
1155
1156        ;; ch can appear both in ethiopic section and in english section.
1157        (t
1158
1159         ;; we must decide the mode, if not decided yet
1160         (if (null mode)
1161             (progn
1162               (setq mode
1163                     (if secondary
1164                         ethio-secondary-language
1165                       ethio-primary-language))
1166               (if (eq mode 'english)
1167                   (insert "\\~eng ")
1168                 (insert flag)
1169                 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))) ; tigrigna & amharic --> ethiopic
1170
1171         (cond                           ; \ , eng-mode , punc , w3 , other
1172
1173          ;; backslash is always quoted
1174          ((= ch ?\\ )
1175           (insert "\\")
1176           (forward-char 1))
1177
1178          ;; nothing to do if in english mode
1179          ((eq mode 'english)
1180           (forward-char 1))
1181
1182          ;; now we must be in ethiopic mode and seeing a non-"\"
1183
1184          ;; ascii punctuations in ethiopic mode
1185          ((looking-at "[,.;:'`?]+")
1186           (insert "\\")
1187           (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))) ; because we inserted one byte (\)
1188
1189          ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if called from w3
1190          ((and (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&))
1191                (or (and (boundp 'ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
1192                         ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3)
1193                    (and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
1194                         sera-being-called-by-w3)))
1195           (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
1196                           nil 0))
1197
1198          ;; neutral character.  no need to quote.  just skip it.
1199          (t
1200           (forward-char 1)))
1201
1202         (setq lonec nil
1203               fidel nil
1204               digit nil)))
1205     ;; end of main conversion routine
1206     )))
1207
1208 (defun ethio-lone-consonant-p (ethiocode)
1209   "If ETHIOCODE is an Ethiopic lone consonant, return t."
1210   (or (and (< ethiocode 344) (= (% ethiocode 8) 5))
1211
1212       ;;                     `q  `k   X  `g  mW  bW  GW  fW  pW  wW
1213       (memq ethiocode '(389 405 421 437 440 441 442 443 444 457))))
1214
1215 ;;;###autoload
1216 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
1217   "Execute `ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail' or `ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker' depending on the current major mode.
1218 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
1219
1220   (interactive "P")
1221   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1222           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
1223       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
1224     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker arg)))
1225
1226 ;;;###autoload
1227 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail nil
1228   "Convert FIDEL to SERA to read/write mail and news.
1229
1230 If the body contains at least one Ethiopic character,
1231  1) insert the string \"<sera>\" at the beginning of the body,
1232  2) insert \"</sera>\" at the end of the body, and
1233  3) convert the body into SERA.
1234
1235 The very same procedure applies to the subject field, too."
1236
1237   (interactive)
1238   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1239         border)
1240     (save-excursion
1241
1242       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
1243       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
1244       (forward-line 1)
1245       (setq border (point))
1246
1247       ;; process body first not to change the border
1248       ;; note that the point is already at the border
1249       (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1250           (progn
1251             (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region border (point-max))
1252             (goto-char border)
1253             (insert "<sera>")
1254             (goto-char (point-max))
1255             (insert "</sera>")))
1256
1257       ;; process subject
1258       (goto-char (point-min))
1259       (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
1260           (let ((beg (point))
1261                 (end (line-end-position)))
1262             (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" end t)
1263                 (progn
1264                   (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region beg end)
1265                   (goto-char beg)
1266                   (insert "<sera>")
1267                   (end-of-line)
1268                   (insert "</sera>")))))
1269
1270       ;; adjust the rmail marker
1271       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1272           (set-marker
1273            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
1274            (point-max))))))
1275
1276 ;;;###autoload
1277 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker (&optional force)
1278   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from FIDEL to SERA.
1279 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
1280
1281   (interactive "P")
1282   (if (and buffer-read-only
1283            (not force)
1284            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1285       (error ""))
1286   (save-excursion
1287     (goto-char (point-min))
1288     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1289       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region
1290        (point)
1291        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
1292            (match-beginning 0)
1293          (point-max))
1294        nil
1295        'force))))
1296
1297 ;;
1298 ;; vowel modification
1299 ;;
1300
1301 ;;;###autoload
1302 (defun ethio-modify-vowel nil
1303   "Modify the vowel of the FIDEL that is under the cursor."
1304   (interactive)
1305   (let ((ch (following-char))
1306         (composite nil)                 ; geminated or not
1307         newch base vowel modulo)
1308
1309     (cond
1310      ;; in case of gemination
1311      ((eq (char-charset ch) 'composition)
1312       (setq ch (string-to-char (char-to-string ch))
1313             composite t))
1314      ;; neither gemination nor fidel
1315      ((not (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic))
1316       (error "Not a valid character")))
1317
1318     ;; set frequently referred character features
1319     (setq ch     (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch)
1320           base   (* (/ ch 8) 8)
1321           modulo (% ch 8))
1322
1323     (if (or (and (>= ch 344) (<= ch 380)) ;; mYa - `10000
1324             (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452)) ;; \~X - \~A
1325             (>= ch 458))                  ;; private punctuations
1326         (error "Not a valid character"))
1327
1328     (setq
1329      newch
1330      (cond
1331
1332       ;; first standalone vowels
1333       ((= base 160)
1334        (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1335            (message "Modify vowel to: [auiAEIoW\"] ")
1336          (message "Modify vowel to: [euiAEIoW\"] "))
1337        (setq vowel (read-char))
1338        (cond
1339         ((= vowel ?e) 160)
1340         ((= vowel ?u) 161)
1341         ((= vowel ?i) 162)
1342         ((= vowel ?A) 163)
1343         ((= vowel ?E) 164)
1344         ((= vowel ?I) 165)
1345         ((= vowel ?o) 166)
1346         ((= vowel ?W) 167)
1347         ((= vowel ?a) (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) 160 163))
1348         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1349         (t nil)))
1350
1351       ;; second standalone vowels
1352       ((= base 208)
1353        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaEIo\"] ")
1354        (setq vowel (read-char))
1355        (cond
1356         ((= vowel ?e) 208)
1357         ((= vowel ?u) 209)
1358         ((= vowel ?i) 210)
1359         ((= vowel ?a) 211)
1360         ((= vowel ?E) 212)
1361         ((= vowel ?I) 213)
1362         ((= vowel ?o) 214)
1363         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1364         (t nil)))
1365
1366       ;; 12-form consonants, *W* form
1367       ((memq base '(72 88 136 176 192 272)) ; qW QW hW kW KW gW
1368        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1369        (setq vowel (read-char))
1370        (cond
1371         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1372         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 5))
1373         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1374         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1375         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1376         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1377         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1378         (t nil)))
1379
1380       ;; extended 12-form consonants, mWa bWa GWa fWa pWa
1381       ((= ch 31)                        ; mWa
1382        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1383        (setq vowel (read-char))
1384        (cond
1385         ((= vowel ?e) 392)
1386         ((= vowel ?u) 440)
1387         ((= vowel ?i) 408)
1388         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1389         ((= vowel ?E) 424)
1390         ((= vowel ?') 440)
1391         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1392         (t nil)))
1393       ((= ch 103)                       ; bWa
1394        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1395        (setq vowel (read-char))
1396        (cond
1397         ((= vowel ?e) 393)
1398         ((= vowel ?u) 441)
1399         ((= vowel ?i) 409)
1400         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1401         ((= vowel ?E) 425)
1402         ((= vowel ?') 441)
1403         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1404         (t nil)))
1405       ((= ch 287)                       ; GWa
1406        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1407        (setq vowel (read-char))
1408        (cond
1409         ((= vowel ?e) 394)
1410         ((= vowel ?u) 442)
1411         ((= vowel ?i) 410)
1412         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1413         ((= vowel ?E) 426)
1414         ((= vowel ?') 442)
1415         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1416         (t nil)))
1417       ((= ch 335)                       ; fWa
1418        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1419        (setq vowel (read-char))
1420        (cond
1421         ((= vowel ?e) 395)
1422         ((= vowel ?u) 443)
1423         ((= vowel ?i) 411)
1424         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1425         ((= vowel ?E) 427)
1426         ((= vowel ?') 443)
1427         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1428         (t nil)))
1429       ((= ch 343)                       ; pWa
1430        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1431        (setq vowel (read-char))
1432        (cond
1433         ((= vowel ?e) 396)
1434         ((= vowel ?u) 444)
1435         ((= vowel ?i) 412)
1436         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1437         ((= vowel ?E) 428)
1438         ((= vowel ?') 444)
1439         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1440         (t nil)))
1441
1442       ;; extended 12-form consonatns, mW* bW* GW* fW* pW*
1443       ((memq base '(392 408 424 440))   ; *We *Wi *WE *W
1444        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiEau'\"] ")
1445        (setq vowel (read-char))
1446        (cond
1447         ((= vowel ?e) (+ 392 modulo))
1448         ((= vowel ?i) (+ 408 modulo))
1449         ((= vowel ?E) (+ 424 modulo))
1450         ((= vowel ?a) (cond
1451                        ((= modulo 0)  31) ; mWa
1452                        ((= modulo 1) 103) ; bWa
1453                        ((= modulo 2) 287) ; GWa
1454                        ((= modulo 3) 335) ; fWa
1455                        ((= modulo 4) 343) ; pWa
1456                        (t nil)))        ; never reach here
1457         ((= vowel ?') (+ 440 modulo))
1458         ((= vowel ?u) (+ 440 modulo))
1459         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1460         (t nil)))
1461
1462       ((and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))    ; wWe wWi wWa wWE wW
1463        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiaE'u\"] ")
1464        (setq vowel (read-char))
1465        (cond
1466         ((= vowel ?e) 453)
1467         ((= vowel ?i) 454)
1468         ((= vowel ?a) 455)
1469         ((= vowel ?E) 456)
1470         ((= vowel ?') 457)
1471         ((= vowel ?u) 457)
1472         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1473         (t nil)))
1474
1475       ;; 7-form consonants, or
1476       ;; first 7 of 8-form consonants
1477       ((<= modulo 6)
1478        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'o\"] ")
1479        (setq vowel (read-char))
1480        (cond
1481         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1482         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 1))
1483         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1484         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1485         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1486         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1487         ((= vowel ?o) (+ base 6))
1488         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1489         (t nil)))
1490
1491       ;; otherwise
1492       (t
1493        nil)))
1494
1495     (cond
1496
1497      ;; could not get new character
1498      ((null newch)
1499       (error "Invalid vowel"))
1500
1501      ;; vowel changed on a composite Fidel
1502      (composite
1503       (delete-char 1)
1504       (insert
1505        (compose-string
1506         (concat (char-to-string (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))        "\e$(3%s\e(B"))))
1507
1508      ;; simple vowel modification
1509      (t
1510       (delete-char 1)
1511       (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))))))
1512
1513 (defun ethio-ethiocode-to-char (ethiocode)
1514   (make-char
1515    'ethiopic
1516    (+ (/ ethiocode 94) 33)
1517    (+ (mod ethiocode 94) 33)))
1518
1519 (defun ethio-char-to-ethiocode (ch)
1520   (and (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1521        (let ((char-components (split-char ch)))
1522          (+ (* (- (nth 1 char-components) 33) 94)
1523             (- (nth 2 char-components) 33)))))
1524
1525 ;;
1526 ;; space replacement
1527 ;;
1528
1529 ;;;###autoload
1530 (defun ethio-replace-space (ch begin end)
1531   "Replace ASCII spaces with Ethiopic word separators in the region.
1532
1533 In the specified region, replace word separators surrounded by two
1534 Ethiopic characters, depending on the first parameter CH, which should
1535 be 1, 2, or 3.
1536
1537 If CH = 1, word separator will be replaced with an ASCII space.
1538 If CH = 2, with two ASCII spaces.
1539 If CH = 3, with the Ethiopic colon-like word separator.
1540
1541 The second and third parameters BEGIN and END specify the region."
1542
1543   (interactive "*cReplace spaces to: 1 (sg col), 2 (dbl col), 3 (Ethiopic)\nr")
1544   (if (not (memq ch '(?1 ?2 ?3)))
1545       (error ""))
1546   (save-excursion
1547     (save-restriction
1548       (narrow-to-region begin end)
1549
1550       (cond
1551        ((= ch ?1)
1552         ;; an Ethiopic word separator --> an ASCII space
1553         (goto-char (point-min))
1554         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1555           (replace-match " " nil t))
1556
1557         ;; two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters --> an ASCII space
1558         (goto-char (point-min))
1559         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1560           (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1561           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1562
1563        ((= ch ?2)
1564         ;; An Ethiopic word separator --> two ASCII spaces
1565         (goto-char (point-min))
1566         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1567           (replace-match "  "))
1568
1569         ;; An ASCII space between Ethiopic characters --> two ASCII spaces
1570         (goto-char (point-min))
1571         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1572           (replace-match "\\1  \\2")
1573           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1574
1575        (t
1576         ;; One or two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1577         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator
1578         (goto-char (point-min))
1579         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  ?\\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1580           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1581           (goto-char (match-beginning 2)))
1582
1583         ;; Three or more ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1584         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator + (N - 2) ASCII spaces
1585         (goto-char (point-min))
1586         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\( *\\ce\\)" nil t)
1587           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1588           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))))))
1589
1590 ;;
1591 ;; special icons
1592 ;;
1593
1594 ;;;###autoload
1595 (defun ethio-input-special-character (arg)
1596   "Allow the user to input special characters."
1597   (interactive "*cInput number: 1.\e$(3%j\e(B  2.\e$(3%k\e(B  3.\e$(3%l\e(B  4.\e$(3%m\e(B  5.\e$(3%i\e(B")
1598   (cond
1599    ((= arg ?1)
1600     (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
1601    ((= arg ?2)
1602     (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
1603    ((= arg ?3)
1604     (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
1605    ((= arg ?4)
1606     (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
1607    ((= arg ?5)
1608     (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
1609    (t
1610     (error ""))))
1611
1612 ;;
1613 ;; TeX support
1614 ;;
1615
1616 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1617  [ "heG"  "huG"  "hiG"  "haG"  "hEG"   "hG"  "hoG"      ""     ;;   0 - 7
1618    "leG"  "luG"  "liG"  "laG"  "lEG"   "lG"  "loG"  "lWaG"     ;;   8
1619    "HeG"  "HuG"  "HiG"  "HaG"  "HEG"   "HG"  "HoG"  "HWaG"     ;;  16
1620    "meG"  "muG"  "miG"  "maG"  "mEG"   "mG"  "moG"  "mWaG"     ;;  24
1621   "sseG" "ssuG" "ssiG" "ssaG" "ssEG"  "ssG" "ssoG" "ssWaG"     ;;  32
1622    "reG"  "ruG"  "riG"  "raG"  "rEG"   "rG"  "roG"  "rWaG"     ;;  40
1623    "seG"  "suG"  "siG"  "saG"  "sEG"   "sG"  "soG"  "sWaG"     ;;  48
1624    "xeG"  "xuG"  "xiG"  "xaG"  "xEG"   "xG"  "xoG"  "xWaG"     ;;  56
1625    "qeG"  "quG"  "qiG"  "qaG"  "qEG"   "qG"  "qoG"      ""     ;;  64
1626   "qWeG"     "" "qWiG" "qWaG" "qWEG"  "qWG"     ""      ""     ;;  72
1627    "QeG"  "QuG"  "QiG"  "QaG"  "QEG"   "QG"  "QoG"      ""     ;;  80
1628   "QWeG"     "" "QWiG" "QWaG" "QWEG"  "QWG"     ""      ""     ;;  88
1629    "beG"  "buG"  "biG"  "baG"  "bEG"   "bG"  "boG"  "bWaG"     ;;  96
1630    "veG"  "vuG"  "viG"  "vaG"  "vEG"   "vG"  "voG"  "vWaG"     ;; 104
1631    "teG"  "tuG"  "tiG"  "taG"  "tEG"   "tG"  "toG"  "tWaG"     ;; 112
1632    "ceG"  "cuG"  "ciG"  "caG"  "cEG"   "cG"  "coG"  "cWaG"     ;; 120
1633   "hheG" "hhuG" "hhiG" "hhaG" "hhEG"  "hhG" "hhoG"      ""     ;; 128
1634   "hWeG"     "" "hWiG" "hWaG" "hWEG"  "hWG"     ""      ""     ;; 136
1635    "neG"  "nuG"  "niG"  "naG"  "nEG"   "nG"  "noG"  "nWaG"     ;; 144
1636    "NeG"  "NuG"  "NiG"  "NaG"  "NEG"   "NG"  "NoG"  "NWaG"     ;; 152
1637     "eG"   "uG"   "iG"   "AG"   "EG"   "IG"   "oG"   "eaG"     ;; 160
1638    "keG"  "kuG"  "kiG"  "kaG"  "kEG"   "kG"  "koG"      ""     ;; 168
1639   "kWeG"     "" "kWiG" "kWaG" "kWEG"  "kWG"     ""      ""     ;; 176
1640    "KeG"  "KuG"  "KiG"  "KaG"  "KEG"   "KG"  "KoG"      ""     ;; 184
1641   "KWeG"     "" "KWiG" "KWaG" "KWEG"  "KWG"     ""      ""     ;; 192
1642    "weG"  "wuG"  "wiG"  "waG"  "wEG"   "wG"  "woG"      ""     ;; 200
1643    "eeG"  "uuG"  "iiG"  "aaG"  "EEG"  "IIG"  "ooG"      ""     ;; 208
1644    "zeG"  "zuG"  "ziG"  "zaG"  "zEG"   "zG"  "zoG"  "zWaG"     ;; 216
1645    "ZeG"  "ZuG"  "ZiG"  "ZaG"  "ZEG"   "ZG"  "ZoG"  "ZWaG"     ;; 224
1646    "yeG"  "yuG"  "yiG"  "yaG"  "yEG"   "yG"  "yoG"  "yWaG"     ;; 232
1647    "deG"  "duG"  "diG"  "daG"  "dEG"   "dG" "doG"   "dWaG"     ;; 240
1648    "DeG"  "DuG"  "DiG"  "DaG"  "DEG"   "DG"  "DoG"  "DWaG"     ;; 248
1649    "jeG"  "juG"  "jiG"  "jaG"  "jEG"   "jG"  "joG"  "jWaG"     ;; 256
1650    "geG"  "guG"  "giG"  "gaG"  "gEG"   "gG"  "goG"     ""      ;; 264
1651   "gWeG"     "" "gWiG" "gWaG" "gWEG"  "gWG"     ""     ""      ;; 272
1652    "GeG"  "GuG"  "GiG"  "GaG"  "GEG"   "GG"  "GoG"  "GWaG"     ;; 280
1653    "TeG"  "TuG"  "TiG"  "TaG"  "TEG"   "TG"  "ToG"  "TWaG"     ;; 288
1654    "CeG"  "CuG"  "CiG"  "CaG"  "CEG"   "CG"  "CoG"  "CWaG"     ;; 296
1655    "PeG"  "PuG"  "PiG"  "PaG"  "PEG"   "PG"  "PoG"  "PWaG"     ;; 304
1656    "SeG"  "SuG"  "SiG"  "SaG"  "SEG"   "SG"  "SoG"  "SWaG"     ;; 312
1657   "SSeG" "SSuG" "SSiG" "SSaG" "SSEG"  "SSG" "SSoG"      ""     ;; 320
1658    "feG"  "fuG"  "fiG"  "faG"  "fEG"   "fG"  "foG"  "fWaG"     ;; 328
1659    "peG"  "puG"  "piG"  "paG"  "pEG"   "pG"  "poG"  "pWaG"     ;; 336
1660   "mYaG" "rYaG" "fYaG"     ""     ""     ""     ""      ""     ;; 344
1661       "" "spaceG" "periodG" "commaG"                           ;; 352
1662   "semicolonG" "colonG" "precolonG" "oldqmarkG"                ;; 356
1663   "pbreakG" "andG" "huletG" "sostG" "aratG" "amstG" "sadstG" "sabatG"  ;; 360
1664   "smntG" "zeteNG" "asrG" "heyaG" "selasaG" "arbaG" "hemsaG" "slsaG"   ;; 368
1665   "sebaG" "semanyaG" "zeTanaG" "metoG" "asrxiG" "" "" ""               ;; 376
1666   "qqeG" "qquG" "qqiG" "qqaG" "qqEG" "qqG" "qqoG"    ""      ;; 384
1667   "mWeG" "bWeG" "GWeG" "fWeG" "pWeG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 392
1668   "kkeG" "kkuG" "kkiG" "kkaG" "kkEG" "kkG" "kkoG"    ""      ;; 400
1669   "mWiG" "bWiG" "GWiG" "fWiG" "pWiG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 408
1670    "XeG"  "XuG" "GXiG"  "XaG"  "XEG"  "XG"  "XoG"    ""      ;; 416
1671   "mWEG" "bWEG" "GWEG" "fWEG" "pWEG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 424
1672   "ggeG" "gguG" "ggiG" "ggaG" "ggEG" "ggG" "ggoG"    ""      ;; 432
1673    "mWG" "bWG"   "GWG"  "fWG"  "pWG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 440
1674   "ornamentG" "flandG" "iflandG" "africaG"                       ;; 448
1675   "iafricaG" "wWeG" "wWiG" "wWaG"                            ;; 452
1676   "wWEG"  "wWG" "" "slaqG" "dotG" "lquoteG" "rquoteG" "qmarkG" ])  ;; 456
1677
1678 ;;
1679 ;; To make tex-to-fidel mapping.
1680 ;; The following code makes
1681 ;;     (get 'ethio-tex-command-he 'ethio-fidel-char)  ==>  ?\e$(3!!\e(B
1682 ;; etc.
1683 ;;
1684
1685 (let ((i 0) str)
1686   (while (< i (length ethio-fidel-to-tex-map))
1687     (setq str (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i))
1688     (if (not (string= str ""))
1689         (put
1690          (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-" (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i)))
1691          'ethio-fidel-char
1692          (ethio-ethiocode-to-char i)))
1693     (setq i (1+ i))))
1694
1695 ;;;###autoload
1696 (defun ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer nil
1697   "Convert each fidel characters in the current buffer into a fidel-tex command.
1698 Each command is always surrounded by braces."
1699   (interactive)
1700   (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
1701
1702     ;; Isolated gemination marks need special treatement
1703     (goto-char (point-min))
1704     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1705       (replace-match "\\geminateG{}" t t))
1706
1707     ;; First, decompose geminations
1708     ;; Here we assume that each composed character consists of
1709     ;; one Ethiopic character and the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1710     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1711
1712     ;; Special treatment for geminated characters
1713     ;; The geminated character (la'') will be "\geminateG{\la}".
1714     (goto-char (point-min))
1715     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1716       (delete-backward-char 1)
1717       (backward-char 1)
1718       (insert "\\geminateG")
1719       (forward-char 1))
1720
1721     ;; Ethiopic characters to TeX macros
1722     (goto-char (point-min))
1723     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1724       (insert
1725        "{\\"
1726        (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1727              (prog1 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))
1728                (backward-delete-char 1)))
1729        "}"))
1730     (goto-char (point-min))
1731     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1732
1733 ;;;###autoload
1734 (defun ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer nil
1735   "Convert fidel-tex commands in the current buffer into fidel chars."
1736   (interactive)
1737   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1738         (p) (ch))
1739
1740     ;; Special treatment for gemination
1741     ;; "\geminateG{\la}" or "\geminateG{{\la}}" will be "\la\e$(3%s\e(B"
1742     ;; "\geminateG{}" remains unchanged.
1743     (goto-char (point-min))
1744     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\geminateG{\\(\\\\[a-zA-Z]+\\)}" nil t)
1745       (replace-match "\\1\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1746
1747     ;; TeX macros to Ethiopic characters
1748     (goto-char (point-min))
1749     (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
1750       (setq p (point))
1751       (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z")
1752       (setq ch
1753             (get (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-"
1754                                  (buffer-substring p (point))))
1755                  'ethio-fidel-char))
1756       (if ch
1757           (progn
1758             (delete-region (1- p) (point)) ; don't forget the preceding "\"
1759             (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?{)
1760                      (= (following-char) ?}))
1761                 (progn
1762                   (backward-delete-char 1)
1763                   (delete-char 1)))
1764             (insert ch))))
1765
1766     ;; compose geminated characters
1767     (goto-char (point-min))
1768     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1769       (compose-region
1770        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1771        (point)))
1772
1773     ;; Now it's time to convert isolated gemination marks.
1774     (goto-char (point-min))
1775     (while (search-forward "\\geminateG{}" nil t)
1776       (replace-match "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1777
1778     (goto-char (point-min))
1779     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1780
1781 ;;
1782 ;; Java support
1783 ;;
1784
1785 ;;;###autoload
1786 (defun ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer nil
1787   "Convert Ethiopic characters into the Java escape sequences.
1788
1789 Each escape sequence is of the form \\uXXXX, where XXXX is the
1790 character's codepoint (in hex) in Unicode.
1791
1792 If `ethio-java-save-lowercase' is non-nil, use [0-9a-f].
1793 Otherwise, [0-9A-F]."
1794   (let ((ucode))
1795
1796     ;; first, decompose geminations
1797     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1798
1799     (goto-char (point-min))
1800     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1801       (setq ucode (+ ?\x1200 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))))
1802       (if (> ucode ?\x13bc)
1803           (setq ucode (+ ucode 59952)))
1804       (delete-backward-char 1)
1805       (if ethio-java-save-lowercase
1806           (insert (format "\\u%4x" ucode))
1807         (insert (upcase (format "\\u%4x" ucode)))))))
1808
1809 ;;;###autoload
1810 (defun ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer nil
1811   "Convert the Java escape sequences into corresponding Ethiopic characters."
1812   (let ((ucode))
1813     (goto-char (point-min))
1814     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\u\\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\\)" nil t)
1815       (setq ucode
1816             (read
1817              (concat
1818               "?\\x"
1819               (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
1820       (cond
1821        ((and (>= ucode ?\x1200) (<= ucode ?\x13bc))
1822         (replace-match "")
1823         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode ?\x1200))))
1824        ((and (>= ucode ?\xfdf1) (<= ucode ?\xfdff))
1825         (replace-match "")
1826         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode 64560))))
1827        (t
1828         nil)))
1829
1830     ;; gemination
1831     (goto-char (point-min))
1832     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1833       (compose-region
1834        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1835        (point)))
1836     ))
1837
1838 ;;
1839 ;; file I/O hooks
1840 ;;
1841
1842 ;;;###autoload
1843 (defun ethio-find-file nil
1844   "Transcribe file content into Ethiopic depending on filename suffix."
1845   (cond
1846
1847    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1848     (save-excursion
1849       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer nil 'force)
1850       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1851
1852    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1853     (let ((ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3 t))
1854       (save-excursion
1855         (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker 'force)
1856         (goto-char (point-min))
1857         (while (re-search-forward "&[lr]aquote;" nil t)
1858           (if (= (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0))) ?l)
1859               (replace-match "\e$(3%v\e(B")
1860             (replace-match "\e$(3%w\e(B")))
1861         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1862
1863    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1864     (save-excursion
1865       (ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer)
1866       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1867
1868    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1869     (save-excursion
1870       (ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer)
1871       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1872
1873    (t
1874     nil)))
1875
1876 ;;;###autoload
1877 (defun ethio-write-file nil
1878   "Transcribe Ethiopic characters in ASCII depending on the file extension."
1879   (cond
1880
1881    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1882     (save-excursion
1883       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer nil 'force)
1884       (goto-char (point-min))
1885       (ethio-record-user-preference)
1886       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1887
1888    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1889     (save-excursion
1890       (let ((ethio-sera-being-called-by-w3 t)
1891             (lq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461))
1892             (rq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462)))
1893         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 "&laquote;")
1894         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 "&raquote;")
1895         (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker 'force)
1896         (goto-char (point-min))
1897         (if (search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1898             (ethio-record-user-preference))
1899         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 lq)
1900         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 rq)
1901         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1902
1903    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1904     (save-excursion
1905       (ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer)
1906       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1907
1908    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1909     (save-excursion
1910       (ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer)
1911       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1912
1913    (t
1914     nil)))
1915
1916 (defun ethio-record-user-preference nil
1917   (if (looking-at "\\\\~\\(tir?\\|amh?\\) ")
1918       (goto-char (match-end 0))
1919     (insert (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir ")))
1920   (insert (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\\~-: " "\\~`: ")
1921           (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\\~`| " "\\~`? ")))
1922
1923 ;;
1924 ;; Ethiopic word separator vs. ASCII space
1925 ;;
1926
1927 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-space t)
1928 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-space)
1929
1930 (defun ethio-toggle-space nil
1931   "Toggle ASCII space and Ethiopic separator for keyboard input."
1932   (interactive)
1933   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1934         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-space))
1935   (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1936       (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1937   (force-mode-line-update))
1938
1939 (defun ethio-insert-space (arg)
1940   "Insert ASCII spaces or Ethiopic word separators depending on context.
1941
1942 If the current word separator (indicated in mode-line) is the ASCII space,
1943 insert an ASCII space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1944
1945 If the current word separator is the colon-like Ethiopic word
1946 separator and the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic punctuation mark
1947 followed by zero or more ASCII spaces', then insert also an ASCII
1948 space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1949
1950 Otherwise, insert a colon-like Ethiopic word separator.  With ARG, insert that
1951 many Ethiopic word separators."
1952
1953   (interactive "*p")
1954   (cond
1955    (ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1956     (insert-char 32 arg))
1957    ((save-excursion
1958       (skip-chars-backward " ")
1959       (memq (preceding-char)
1960             '(?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\e$(3$l\e(B ?\e$(3$m\e(B ?\e$(3$n\e(B ?\e$(3$o\e(B ?\e$(3%t\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?\e$(3%v\e(B ?\e$(3%w\e(B ?\e$(3%x\e(B)))
1961     (insert-char 32 arg))
1962    (t
1963     (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))))
1964
1965 (defun ethio-insert-ethio-space (arg)
1966   "Insert the Ethiopic word delimiter (the colon-like character).
1967 With ARG, insert that many delimiters."
1968   (interactive "*p")
1969   (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))
1970
1971 ;;
1972 ;; Ethiopic punctuation vs. ASCII punctuation
1973 ;;
1974
1975 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation nil)
1976 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation)
1977
1978 (defun ethio-toggle-punctuation nil
1979   "Toggle Ethiopic punctuations and ASCII punctuations for keyboard input."
1980   (interactive)
1981   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1982         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation))
1983   (let* ((keys '("." ".." "..." "," ",," ";" ";;" ":" "::" ":::" "*" "**"))
1984          (puncs
1985           (if ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1986               '(?. [".."] ["..."] ?, [",,"] ?\; [";;"] ?: ["::"] [":::"] ?* ["**"])
1987             '(?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?. ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?, ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\; ?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?: ?* ?\e$(3$o\e(B))))
1988     (while keys
1989       (quail-defrule (car keys) (car puncs) "ethiopic")
1990       (setq keys (cdr keys)
1991             puncs (cdr puncs)))
1992     (if (equal current-input-method "ethiopic")
1993         (setq current-input-method-title (quail-title)))
1994     (force-mode-line-update)))
1995
1996 ;;
1997 ;; Gemination
1998 ;;
1999
2000 (defun ethio-gemination nil
2001   "Compose the character before the point with the Ethiopic gemination mark.
2002 If the character is already composed, decompose it and remove the gemination
2003 mark."
2004   (interactive "*")
2005   (cond
2006    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'ethiopic)
2007     (insert "\e$(3%s\e(B")
2008     (compose-region
2009      (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
2010      (point))
2011     (forward-char 1))
2012    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'leading-code-composition)
2013     (decompose-region
2014      (save-excursion (backward-char 1) (point))
2015      (point))
2016     (delete-backward-char 1))
2017    (t
2018     (error ""))))
2019
2020 ;;
2021 (provide 'ethio-util)
2022
2023 ;;; arch-tag: c8feb3d6-39bf-4b0a-b6ef-26f03fbc8140
2024 ;;; ethio-util.el ends here