CC Mode: New "guessing" of style.

[emacs.git] / lisp / progmodes / cc-mode.el

;;; cc-mode.el --- major mode for editing C and similar languages

;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1987, 1992-2011  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Authors:    2003- Alan Mackenzie
;;             1998- Martin Stjernholm
;;             1992-1999 Barry A. Warsaw
;;             1987 Dave Detlefs
;;             1987 Stewart Clamen
;;             1985 Richard M. Stallman
;; Maintainer: bug-cc-mode@gnu.org
;; Created:    a long, long, time ago. adapted from the original c-mode.el
;; Keywords:   c languages

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; NOTE: Read the commentary below for the right way to submit bug reports!
;; NOTE: See the accompanying texinfo manual for details on using this mode!
;; Note: The version string is in cc-defs.

;; This package provides GNU Emacs major modes for editing C, C++,
;; Objective-C, Java, CORBA's IDL, Pike and AWK code.  As of the
;; latest Emacs and XEmacs releases, it is the default package for
;; editing these languages.  This package is called "CC Mode", and
;; should be spelled exactly this way.

;; CC Mode supports K&R and ANSI C, ANSI C++, Objective-C, Java,
;; CORBA's IDL, Pike and AWK with a consistent indentation model
;; across all modes.  This indentation model is intuitive and very
;; flexible, so that almost any desired style of indentation can be
;; supported.  Installation, usage, and programming details are
;; contained in an accompanying texinfo manual.

;; CC Mode's immediate ancestors were, c++-mode.el, cplus-md.el, and
;; cplus-md1.el..

;; To submit bug reports, type "C-c C-b".  These will be sent to
;; bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org (mirrored as the Usenet newsgroup
;; gnu.emacs.bug) as well as bug-cc-mode@gnu.org, which directly
;; contacts the CC Mode maintainers.  Questions can sent to
;; help-gnu-emacs@gnu.org (mirrored as gnu.emacs.help) and/or
;; bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.  Please do not send bugs or questions to our
;; personal accounts; we reserve the right to ignore such email!

;; Many, many thanks go out to all the folks on the beta test list.
;; Without their patience, testing, insight, code contributions, and
;; encouragement CC Mode would be a far inferior package.

;; You can get the latest version of CC Mode, including PostScript
;; documentation and separate individual files from:
;;
;;     http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/
;;
;; You can join a moderated CC Mode announcement-only mailing list by
;; visiting
;;
;;    http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/cc-mode-announce

;;; Code:

;; For Emacs < 22.2.
(eval-and-compile
  (unless (fboundp 'declare-function) (defmacro declare-function (&rest r))))

(eval-when-compile
  (let ((load-path
         (if (and (boundp 'byte-compile-dest-file)
                  (stringp byte-compile-dest-file))
             (cons (file-name-directory byte-compile-dest-file) load-path)
           load-path)))
    (load "cc-bytecomp" nil t)))

(cc-require 'cc-defs)
(cc-require-when-compile 'cc-langs)
(cc-require 'cc-vars)
(cc-require 'cc-engine)
(cc-require 'cc-styles)
(cc-require 'cc-cmds)
(cc-require 'cc-align)
(cc-require 'cc-menus)
(cc-require 'cc-guess)

;; Silence the compiler.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar adaptive-fill-first-line-regexp) ; Emacs
(cc-bytecomp-defun set-keymap-parents)  ; XEmacs
(cc-bytecomp-defun run-mode-hooks)      ; Emacs 21.1

;; We set these variables during mode init, yet we don't require
;; font-lock.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar font-lock-defaults)
(cc-bytecomp-defvar font-lock-syntactic-keywords)

;; Menu support for both XEmacs and Emacs.  If you don't have easymenu
;; with your version of Emacs, you are incompatible!
(cc-external-require 'easymenu)

;; Autoload directive for emacsen that doesn't have an older CC Mode
;; version in the dist.
(autoload 'subword-mode "subword"
  "Mode enabling subword movement and editing keys." t)

;; Load cc-fonts first after font-lock is loaded, since it isn't
;; necessary until font locking is requested.
; (eval-after-load "font-lock" ; 2006-07-09: font-lock is now preloaded.
;   '
(require 'cc-fonts) ;)

;; cc-langs isn't loaded when we're byte compiled, so add autoload
;; directives for the interface functions.
(autoload 'c-make-init-lang-vars-fun "cc-langs")
(autoload 'c-init-language-vars "cc-langs" nil nil 'macro)

\f
;; Other modes and packages which depend on CC Mode should do the
;; following to make sure everything is loaded and available for their
;; use:
;;
;; (require 'cc-mode)
;;
;; And in the major mode function:
;;
;; (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
;; (c-init-language-vars some-mode)
;; (c-common-init 'some-mode) ; Or perhaps (c-basic-common-init 'some-mode)
;;
;; If you're not writing a derived mode using the language variable
;; system, then some-mode is one of the language modes directly
;; supported by CC Mode.  You can then use (c-init-language-vars-for
;; 'some-mode) instead of `c-init-language-vars'.
;; `c-init-language-vars-for' is a function that avoids the rather
;; large expansion of `c-init-language-vars'.
;;
;; If you use `c-basic-common-init' then you might want to call
;; `c-font-lock-init' too to set up CC Mode's font lock support.
;;
;; See cc-langs.el for further info.  A small example of a derived mode
;; is also available at <http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/
;; derived-mode-ex.el>.

(defun c-leave-cc-mode-mode ()
  (setq c-buffer-is-cc-mode nil))

(defun c-init-language-vars-for (mode)
  "Initialize the language variables for one of the language modes
directly supported by CC Mode.  This can be used instead of the
`c-init-language-vars' macro if the language you want to use is one of
those, rather than a derived language defined through the language
variable system (see \"cc-langs.el\")."
  (cond ((eq mode 'c-mode)    (c-init-language-vars c-mode))
        ((eq mode 'c++-mode)  (c-init-language-vars c++-mode))
        ((eq mode 'objc-mode) (c-init-language-vars objc-mode))
        ((eq mode 'java-mode) (c-init-language-vars java-mode))
        ((eq mode 'idl-mode)  (c-init-language-vars idl-mode))
        ((eq mode 'pike-mode) (c-init-language-vars pike-mode))
        ((eq mode 'awk-mode)  (c-init-language-vars awk-mode))
        (t (error "Unsupported mode %s" mode))))

;;;###autoload
(defun c-initialize-cc-mode (&optional new-style-init)
  "Initialize CC Mode for use in the current buffer.
If the optional NEW-STYLE-INIT is nil or left out then all necessary
initialization to run CC Mode for the C language is done.  Otherwise
only some basic setup is done, and a call to `c-init-language-vars' or
`c-init-language-vars-for' is necessary too (which gives more
control).  See \"cc-mode.el\" for more info."

  (setq c-buffer-is-cc-mode t)

  (let ((initprop 'cc-mode-is-initialized)
        c-initialization-ok)
    (unless (get 'c-initialize-cc-mode initprop)
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (put 'c-initialize-cc-mode initprop t)
            (c-initialize-builtin-style)
            (run-hooks 'c-initialization-hook)
            ;; Fix obsolete variables.
            (if (boundp 'c-comment-continuation-stars)
                (setq c-block-comment-prefix
                      (symbol-value 'c-comment-continuation-stars)))
            (add-hook 'change-major-mode-hook 'c-leave-cc-mode-mode)
            (setq c-initialization-ok t))
        ;; Will try initialization hooks again if they failed.
        (put 'c-initialize-cc-mode initprop c-initialization-ok))))

  (unless new-style-init
    (c-init-language-vars-for 'c-mode)))

\f
;;; Common routines.

(defvar c-mode-base-map ()
  "Keymap shared by all CC Mode related modes.")

(defun c-make-inherited-keymap ()
  (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
    ;; Necessary to use `cc-bytecomp-fboundp' below since this
    ;; function is called from top-level forms that are evaluated
    ;; while cc-bytecomp is active when one does M-x eval-buffer.
    (cond
     ;; Emacs
     ((cc-bytecomp-fboundp 'set-keymap-parent)
      (set-keymap-parent map c-mode-base-map))
     ;; XEmacs
     ((cc-bytecomp-fboundp 'set-keymap-parents)
      (set-keymap-parents map c-mode-base-map))
     ;; incompatible
     (t (error "CC Mode is incompatible with this version of Emacs")))
    map))

(defun c-define-abbrev-table (name defs)
  ;; Compatibility wrapper for `define-abbrev' which passes a non-nil
  ;; sixth argument for SYSTEM-FLAG in emacsen that support it
  ;; (currently only Emacs >= 21.2).
  (let ((table (or (symbol-value name)
                   (progn (define-abbrev-table name nil)
                          (symbol-value name)))))
    (while defs
      (condition-case nil
          (apply 'define-abbrev table (append (car defs) '(t)))
        (wrong-number-of-arguments
         (apply 'define-abbrev table (car defs))))
      (setq defs (cdr defs)))))
(put 'c-define-abbrev-table 'lisp-indent-function 1)

(defun c-bind-special-erase-keys ()
  ;; Only used in Emacs to bind C-c C-<delete> and C-c C-<backspace>
  ;; to the proper keys depending on `normal-erase-is-backspace'.
  (if normal-erase-is-backspace
      (progn
        (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<delete>")
          'c-hungry-delete-forward)
        (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<backspace>")
          'c-hungry-delete-backwards))
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<delete>")
      'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<backspace>")
      'c-hungry-delete-forward)))

(if c-mode-base-map
    nil

  (setq c-mode-base-map (make-sparse-keymap))

  ;; Separate M-BS from C-M-h.  The former should remain
  ;; backward-kill-word.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [(control meta h)] 'c-mark-function)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\e\C-q"    'c-indent-exp)
  (substitute-key-definition 'backward-sentence
                             'c-beginning-of-statement
                             c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (substitute-key-definition 'forward-sentence
                             'c-end-of-statement
                             c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (substitute-key-definition 'indent-new-comment-line
                             'c-indent-new-comment-line
                             c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (substitute-key-definition 'indent-for-tab-command
                             ;; XXX Is this the right thing to do
                             ;; here?
                             'c-indent-line-or-region
                             c-mode-base-map global-map)
  (when (fboundp 'comment-indent-new-line)
    ;; indent-new-comment-line has changed name to
    ;; comment-indent-new-line in Emacs 21.
    (substitute-key-definition 'comment-indent-new-line
                               'c-indent-new-comment-line
                               c-mode-base-map global-map))

  ;; RMS says don't make these the default.
  ;; (April 2006): RMS has now approved these commands as defaults.
  (unless (memq 'argumentative-bod-function c-emacs-features)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map "\e\C-a"    'c-beginning-of-defun)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map "\e\C-e"    'c-end-of-defun))

  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-n"  'c-forward-conditional)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-p"  'c-backward-conditional)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-u"  'c-up-conditional)

  ;; It doesn't suffice to put `c-fill-paragraph' on
  ;; `fill-paragraph-function' since `c-fill-paragraph' must be called
  ;; before any fill prefix adaption is done.  E.g. `filladapt-mode'
  ;; replaces `fill-paragraph' and does the adaption before calling
  ;; `fill-paragraph-function', and we have to mask comments etc
  ;; before that.  Also, `c-fill-paragraph' chains on to
  ;; `fill-paragraph' and the value on `fill-parapgraph-function' to
  ;; do the actual filling work.
  (substitute-key-definition 'fill-paragraph 'c-fill-paragraph
                             c-mode-base-map global-map)
  ;; In XEmacs the default fill function is called
  ;; fill-paragraph-or-region.
  (substitute-key-definition 'fill-paragraph-or-region 'c-fill-paragraph
                             c-mode-base-map global-map)

  ;; We bind the forward deletion key and (implicitly) C-d to
  ;; `c-electric-delete-forward', and the backward deletion key to
  ;; `c-electric-backspace'.  The hungry variants are bound to the
  ;; same keys but prefixed with C-c.  This implies that C-c C-d is
  ;; `c-hungry-delete-forward'.  For consistency, we bind not only C-c
  ;; <backspace> to `c-hungry-delete-backwards' but also
  ;; C-c C-<backspace>, so that the Ctrl key can be held down during
  ;; the whole sequence regardless of the direction.  This in turn
  ;; implies that we bind C-c C-<delete> to `c-hungry-delete-forward',
  ;; for the same reason.

  ;; Bind the electric deletion functions to C-d and DEL.  Emacs 21
  ;; automatically maps the [delete] and [backspace] keys to these two
  ;; depending on window system and user preferences.  (In earlier
  ;; versions it's possible to do the same by using `function-key-map'.)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-d" 'c-electric-delete-forward)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\177" 'c-electric-backspace)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-d"     'c-hungry-delete-forward)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c ?\d]    'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c ?\C-\d] 'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c deletechar] 'c-hungry-delete-forward) ; C-c <delete> on a tty.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map [?\C-c (control deletechar)] ; C-c C-<delete> on a tty.
    'c-hungry-delete-forward)
  (when (boundp 'normal-erase-is-backspace)
    ;; The automatic C-d and DEL mapping functionality doesn't extend
    ;; to special combinations like C-c C-<delete>, so we have to hook
    ;; into the `normal-erase-is-backspace' system to bind it directly
    ;; as appropriate.
    (add-hook 'normal-erase-is-backspace-hook 'c-bind-special-erase-keys)
    (c-bind-special-erase-keys))

  (when (fboundp 'delete-forward-p)
    ;; In XEmacs we fix the forward and backward deletion behavior by
    ;; binding the keysyms for the [delete] and [backspace] keys
    ;; directly, and use `delete-forward-p' to decide what [delete]
    ;; should do.  That's done in the XEmacs specific
    ;; `c-electric-delete' and `c-hungry-delete' functions.
    (define-key c-mode-base-map [delete]    'c-electric-delete)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map [backspace] 'c-electric-backspace)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c <delete>") 'c-hungry-delete)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<delete>") 'c-hungry-delete)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c <backspace>")
      'c-hungry-delete-backwards)
    (define-key c-mode-base-map (kbd "C-c C-<backspace>")
      'c-hungry-delete-backwards))

  (define-key c-mode-base-map "#"         'c-electric-pound)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "{"         'c-electric-brace)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "}"         'c-electric-brace)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "/"         'c-electric-slash)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "*"         'c-electric-star)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ";"         'c-electric-semi&comma)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ","         'c-electric-semi&comma)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ":"         'c-electric-colon)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "("         'c-electric-paren)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map ")"         'c-electric-paren)

  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-\\" 'c-backslash-region)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-a"  'c-toggle-auto-newline)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-b"  'c-submit-bug-report)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-c"  'comment-region)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-l"  'c-toggle-electric-state)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-o"  'c-set-offset)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-q"  'c-indent-defun)
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-s"  'c-show-syntactic-information)
  ;; (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-t"  'c-toggle-auto-hungry-state)  Commented out by ACM, 2005-03-05.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c."     'c-set-style)
  ;; conflicts with OOBR
  ;;(define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-v"  'c-version)
  ;; (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-y"  'c-toggle-hungry-state)  Commented out by ACM, 2005-11-22.
  (define-key c-mode-base-map "\C-c\C-w" 'subword-mode)
  )

;; We don't require the outline package, but we configure it a bit anyway.
(cc-bytecomp-defvar outline-level)

(defun c-mode-menu (modestr)
  "Return a menu spec suitable for `easy-menu-define' that is exactly
like the C mode menu except that the menu bar item name is MODESTR
instead of \"C\".

This function is provided for compatibility only; derived modes should
preferably use the `c-mode-menu' language constant directly."
  (cons modestr (c-lang-const c-mode-menu c)))

;; Ugly hack to pull in the definition of `c-populate-syntax-table'
;; from cc-langs to make it available at runtime.  It's either this or
;; moving the definition for it to cc-defs, but that would mean to
;; break up the syntax table setup over two files.
(defalias 'c-populate-syntax-table
  (cc-eval-when-compile
    (let ((f (symbol-function 'c-populate-syntax-table)))
      (if (byte-code-function-p f) f (byte-compile f)))))

;; CAUTION: Try to avoid installing things on
;; `before-change-functions'.  The macro `combine-after-change-calls'
;; is used and it doesn't work if there are things on that hook.  That
;; can cause font lock functions to run in inconvenient places during
;; temporary changes in some font lock support modes, causing extra
;; unnecessary work and font lock glitches due to interactions between
;; various text properties.
;;
;; (2007-02-12): The macro `combine-after-change-calls' ISN'T used any
;; more.

(defun c-unfind-enclosing-token (pos)
  ;; If POS is wholly inside a token, remove that id from
  ;; `c-found-types', should it be present.  Return t if we were in an
  ;; id, else nil.
  (save-excursion
    (let ((tok-beg (progn (goto-char pos)
                          (and (c-beginning-of-current-token) (point))))
          (tok-end (progn (goto-char pos)
                          (and (c-end-of-current-token) (point)))))
      (when (and tok-beg tok-end)
        (c-unfind-type (buffer-substring-no-properties tok-beg tok-end))
        t))))

(defun c-unfind-coalesced-tokens (beg end)
  ;; unless the non-empty region (beg end) is entirely WS and there's at
  ;; least one character of WS just before or after this region, remove
  ;; the tokens which touch the region from `c-found-types' should they
  ;; be present.
  (or (c-partial-ws-p beg end)
      (save-excursion
        (progn
          (goto-char beg)
          (or (eq beg (point-min))
              (c-skip-ws-backward (1- beg))
              (/= (point) beg)
              (= (c-backward-token-2) 1)
              (c-unfind-type (buffer-substring-no-properties
                              (point) beg)))
          (goto-char end)
          (or (eq end (point-max))
              (c-skip-ws-forward (1+ end))
              (/= (point) end)
              (progn (forward-char) (c-end-of-current-token) nil)
              (c-unfind-type (buffer-substring-no-properties
                              end (point))))))))

;; c-maybe-stale-found-type records a place near the region being
;; changed where an element of `found-types' might become stale.  It
;; is set in c-before-change and is either nil, or has the form:
;;
;;   (c-decl-id-start "foo" 97 107  " (* ooka) " "o"), where
;;
;; o - `c-decl-id-start' is the c-type text property value at buffer
;;   pos 96.
;;
;; o - 97 107 is the region potentially containing the stale type -
;;   this is delimited by a non-nil c-type text property at 96 and
;;   either another one or a ";", "{", or "}" at 107.
;;
;; o - " (* ooka) " is the (before change) buffer portion containing
;;   the suspect type (here "ooka").
;;
;; o - "o" is the buffer contents which is about to be deleted.  This
;;   would be the empty string for an insertion.
(defvar c-maybe-stale-found-type nil)
(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-maybe-stale-found-type)

(defun c-basic-common-init (mode default-style)
  "Do the necessary initialization for the syntax handling routines
and the line breaking/filling code.  Intended to be used by other
packages that embed CC Mode.

MODE is the CC Mode flavor to set up, e.g. 'c-mode or 'java-mode.
DEFAULT-STYLE tells which indentation style to install.  It has the
same format as `c-default-style'.

Note that `c-init-language-vars' must be called before this function.
This function cannot do that since `c-init-language-vars' is a macro
that requires a literal mode spec at compile time."

  (setq c-buffer-is-cc-mode mode)

  ;; these variables should always be buffer local; they do not affect
  ;; indentation style.
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-end)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
  
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start)
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate)
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix)
  (make-local-variable 'adaptive-fill-mode)
  (make-local-variable 'adaptive-fill-regexp)

  ;; now set their values
  (set (make-local-variable 'parse-sexp-ignore-comments) t)
  (set (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function) 'c-indent-line)
  (set (make-local-variable 'indent-region-function) 'c-indent-region)
  (set (make-local-variable 'normal-auto-fill-function) 'c-do-auto-fill)
  (set (make-local-variable 'comment-multi-line) t)
  (set (make-local-variable 'comment-line-break-function)
       'c-indent-new-comment-line)

  ;; Install `c-fill-paragraph' on `fill-paragraph-function' so that a
  ;; direct call to `fill-paragraph' behaves better.  This still
  ;; doesn't work with filladapt but it's better than nothing.
  (set (make-local-variable 'fill-paragraph-function) 'c-fill-paragraph)

  ;; Initialise the cache of brace pairs, and opening braces/brackets/parens.
  (c-state-cache-init)

  (when (or c-recognize-<>-arglists
            (c-major-mode-is 'awk-mode)
            (c-major-mode-is '(java-mode c-mode c++-mode objc-mode)))
    ;; We'll use the syntax-table text property to change the syntax
    ;; of some chars for this language, so do the necessary setup for
    ;; that.
    ;;
    ;; Note to other package developers: It's ok to turn this on in CC
    ;; Mode buffers when CC Mode doesn't, but it's not ok to turn it
    ;; off if CC Mode has turned it on.

    ;; Emacs.
    (when (boundp 'parse-sexp-lookup-properties)
      (set (make-local-variable 'parse-sexp-lookup-properties) t))

    ;; Same as above for XEmacs.
    (when (boundp 'lookup-syntax-properties)
      (set (make-local-variable 'lookup-syntax-properties) t)))

  ;; Use this in Emacs 21+ to avoid meddling with the rear-nonsticky
  ;; property on each character.
  (when (boundp 'text-property-default-nonsticky)
    (mapc (lambda (tprop)
            (unless (assq tprop text-property-default-nonsticky)
              (set (make-local-variable 'text-property-default-nonsticky)
                   (cons `(,tprop . t) text-property-default-nonsticky))))
          '(syntax-table category c-type)))

  ;; In Emacs 21 and later it's possible to turn off the ad-hoc
  ;; heuristic that open parens in column 0 are defun starters.  Since
  ;; we have c-state-cache, that heuristic isn't useful and only causes
  ;; trouble, so turn it off.
;; 2006/12/17: This facility is somewhat confused, and doesn't really seem
;; helpful.  Comment it out for now.
;;   (when (memq 'col-0-paren c-emacs-features)
;;     (make-local-variable 'open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start)
;;     (setq open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start nil))

  (c-clear-found-types)

  ;; now set the mode style based on default-style
  (let ((style (cc-choose-style-for-mode mode default-style)))
    ;; Override style variables if `c-old-style-variable-behavior' is
    ;; set.  Also override if we are using global style variables,
    ;; have already initialized a style once, and are switching to a
    ;; different style.  (It's doubtful whether this is desirable, but
    ;; the whole situation with nonlocal style variables is a bit
    ;; awkward.  It's at least the most compatible way with the old
    ;; style init procedure.)
    (c-set-style style (not (or c-old-style-variable-behavior
                                (and (not c-style-variables-are-local-p)
                                     c-indentation-style
                                     (not (string-equal c-indentation-style
                                                        style)))))))
  (c-setup-paragraph-variables)

  ;; we have to do something special for c-offsets-alist so that the
  ;; buffer local value has its own alist structure.
  (setq c-offsets-alist (copy-alist c-offsets-alist))

  ;; setup the comment indent variable in a Emacs version portable way
  (set (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-function) 'c-comment-indent)

;;   ;; Put submode indicators onto minor-mode-alist, but only once.
;;   (or (assq 'c-submode-indicators minor-mode-alist)
;;       (setq minor-mode-alist
;;          (cons '(c-submode-indicators c-submode-indicators)
;;                minor-mode-alist)))
  (c-update-modeline)

  ;; Install the functions that ensure that various internal caches
  ;; don't become invalid due to buffer changes.
  (when (featurep 'xemacs)
    (make-local-hook 'before-change-functions)
    (make-local-hook 'after-change-functions))
  (add-hook 'before-change-functions 'c-before-change nil t)
  (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'c-after-change nil t)
  (set (make-local-variable 'font-lock-extend-after-change-region-function)
        'c-extend-after-change-region)) ; Currently (2009-05) used by all
                        ; lanaguages with #define (C, C++,; ObjC), and by AWK.

(defun c-setup-doc-comment-style ()
  "Initialize the variables that depend on the value of `c-doc-comment-style'."
  (when (and (featurep 'font-lock)
             (symbol-value 'font-lock-mode))
    ;; Force font lock mode to reinitialize itself.
    (font-lock-mode 0)
    (font-lock-mode 1)))

;; Buffer local variables defining the region to be fontified by a font lock
;; after-change function.  They are set in c-after-change to
;; after-change-function's BEG and END, and may be modified by a
;; `c-before-font-lock-function'.
(defvar c-new-BEG 0)
(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-new-BEG)
(defvar c-new-END 0)
(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-new-END)

(defun c-common-init (&optional mode)
  "Common initialization for all CC Mode modes.
In addition to the work done by `c-basic-common-init' and
`c-font-lock-init', this function sets up various other things as
customary in CC Mode modes but which aren't strictly necessary for CC
Mode to operate correctly.

MODE is the symbol for the mode to initialize, like 'c-mode.  See
`c-basic-common-init' for details.  It's only optional to be
compatible with old code; callers should always specify it."

  (unless mode
    ;; Called from an old third party package.  The fallback is to
    ;; initialize for C.
    (c-init-language-vars-for 'c-mode))

  (c-basic-common-init mode c-default-style)
  (when mode
    ;; Only initialize font locking if we aren't called from an old package.
    (c-font-lock-init))

  ;; Starting a mode is a sort of "change".  So call the change functions...
  (save-restriction
    (widen)
    (setq c-new-BEG (point-min))
    (setq c-new-END (point-max))
    (save-excursion
      (if c-get-state-before-change-functions
          (mapc (lambda (fn)
                  (funcall fn (point-min) (point-max)))
                c-get-state-before-change-functions))
      (if c-before-font-lock-function
          (funcall c-before-font-lock-function (point-min) (point-max)
                   (- (point-max) (point-min))))))

  (set (make-local-variable 'outline-regexp) "[^#\n\^M]")
  (set (make-local-variable 'outline-level) 'c-outline-level)

  (let ((rfn (assq mode c-require-final-newline)))
    (when rfn
      (and (cdr rfn)
           (set (make-local-variable 'require-final-newline)
                mode-require-final-newline)))))

(defun c-count-cfss (lv-alist)
  ;; LV-ALIST is an alist like `file-local-variables-alist'.  Count how many
  ;; elements with the key `c-file-style' there are in it.
  (let ((elt-ptr lv-alist) elt (cownt 0))
    (while elt-ptr
      (setq elt (car elt-ptr)
            elt-ptr (cdr elt-ptr))
      (when (eq (car elt) 'c-file-style)
        (setq cownt (1+ cownt))))
    cownt))
                                                          
(defun c-before-hack-hook ()
  "Set the CC Mode style and \"offsets\" when in the buffer's local variables.
They are set only when, respectively, the pseudo variables
`c-file-style' and `c-file-offsets' are present in the list.

This function is called from the hook `before-hack-local-variables-hook'."
  (when c-buffer-is-cc-mode
    (let ((mode-cons (assq 'mode file-local-variables-alist))
          (stile (cdr (assq 'c-file-style file-local-variables-alist)))
          (offsets (cdr (assq 'c-file-offsets file-local-variables-alist))))
      (when mode-cons
        (hack-one-local-variable (car mode-cons) (cdr mode-cons))
        (setq file-local-variables-alist
              (delq mode-cons file-local-variables-alist)))
      (when stile
        (or (stringp stile) (error "c-file-style is not a string"))
        (if (boundp 'dir-local-variables-alist)
            ;; Determine whether `c-file-style' was set in the file's local
            ;; variables or in a .dir-locals.el (a directory setting).
            (let ((cfs-in-file-and-dir-count
                   (c-count-cfss file-local-variables-alist))
                  (cfs-in-dir-count (c-count-cfss dir-local-variables-alist)))
              (c-set-style stile
                           (and (= cfs-in-file-and-dir-count cfs-in-dir-count)
                                'keep-defaults)))
          (c-set-style stile)))
      (when offsets
        (mapc
         (lambda (langentry)
           (let ((langelem (car langentry))
                 (offset (cdr langentry)))
             (c-set-offset langelem offset)))
         offsets)))))

(defun c-remove-any-local-eval-or-mode-variables ()
  ;; If the buffer specifies `mode' or `eval' in its File Local Variable list
  ;; or on the first line, remove all occurrences.  See
  ;; `c-postprocess-file-styles' for justification.  There is no need to save
  ;; point here, or even bother too much about the buffer contents.  However,
  ;; DON'T mess up the kill-ring.
  ;;
  ;; Most of the code here is derived from Emacs 21.3's `hack-local-variables'
  ;; in files.el.
  (goto-char (point-max))
  (search-backward "\n\^L" (max (- (point-max) 3000) (point-min)) 'move)
  (let (lv-point (prefix "") (suffix ""))
    (when (let ((case-fold-search t))
            (search-forward "Local Variables:" nil t))
      (setq lv-point (point))
      ;; The prefix is what comes before "local variables:" in its line.
      ;; The suffix is what comes after "local variables:" in its line.
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (or (eolp)
          (setq suffix (buffer-substring (point)
                                         (progn (end-of-line) (point)))))
      (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
      (or (bolp)
          (setq prefix
                (buffer-substring (point)
                                  (progn (beginning-of-line) (point)))))

      (while (search-forward-regexp
              (concat "^[ \t]*"
                      (regexp-quote prefix)
                      "\\(mode\\|eval\\):.*"
                      (regexp-quote suffix)
                      "$")
              nil t)
        (forward-line 0)
        (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line) (point)))))

    ;; Delete the first line, if we've got one, in case it contains a mode spec.
    (unless (and lv-point
                 (progn (goto-char lv-point)
                        (forward-line 0)
                        (bobp)))
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (unless (eobp)
        (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line) (point)))))))

(defun c-postprocess-file-styles ()
  "Function that post processes relevant file local variables in CC Mode.
Currently, this function simply applies any style and offset settings
found in the file's Local Variable list.  It first applies any style
setting found in `c-file-style', then it applies any offset settings
it finds in `c-file-offsets'.

Note that the style variables are always made local to the buffer."

  ;; apply file styles and offsets
  (when c-buffer-is-cc-mode
    (if (or c-file-style c-file-offsets)
        (c-make-styles-buffer-local t))
    (when c-file-style
      (or (stringp c-file-style)
          (error "c-file-style is not a string"))
      (c-set-style c-file-style))

    (and c-file-offsets
         (mapc
          (lambda (langentry)
            (let ((langelem (car langentry))
                  (offset (cdr langentry)))
              (c-set-offset langelem offset)))
          c-file-offsets))
    ;; Problem: The file local variable block might have explicitly set a
    ;; style variable.  The `c-set-style' or `mapcar' call might have
    ;; overwritten this.  So we run `hack-local-variables' again to remedy
    ;; this.  There are no guarantees this will work properly, particularly as
    ;; we have no control over what the other hook functions on
    ;; `hack-local-variables-hook' would have done.  We now (2006/2/1) remove
    ;; any `eval' or `mode' expressions before we evaluate again (see below).
    ;; ACM, 2005/11/2.
    ;;
    ;; Problem (bug reported by Gustav Broberg): if one of the variables is
    ;; `mode', this will invoke c-mode (etc.) again, setting up the style etc.
    ;; We prevent this by temporarily removing `mode' from the Local Variables
    ;; section.
    (if (or c-file-style c-file-offsets)
        (let ((hack-local-variables-hook nil) (inhibit-read-only t))
          (c-tentative-buffer-changes
            (c-remove-any-local-eval-or-mode-variables)
            (hack-local-variables))
          nil))))

(if (boundp 'before-hack-local-variables-hook)
    (add-hook 'before-hack-local-variables-hook 'c-before-hack-hook)
  (add-hook 'hack-local-variables-hook 'c-postprocess-file-styles))

(defmacro c-run-mode-hooks (&rest hooks)
  ;; Emacs 21.1 has introduced a system with delayed mode hooks that
  ;; requires the use of the new function `run-mode-hooks'.
  (if (cc-bytecomp-fboundp 'run-mode-hooks)
      `(run-mode-hooks ,@hooks)
    `(progn ,@(mapcar (lambda (hook) `(run-hooks ,hook)) hooks))))

\f
;;; Change hooks, linking with Font Lock.

;; Buffer local variables recording Beginning/End-of-Macro position before a
;; change, when a macro straddles, respectively, the BEG or END (or both) of
;; the change region.  Otherwise these have the values BEG/END.
(defvar c-old-BOM 0)
(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-old-BOM)
(defvar c-old-EOM 0)
(make-variable-buffer-local 'c-old-EOM)

(defun c-extend-region-for-CPP (beg end)
  ;; Set c-old-BOM or c-old-EOM respectively to BEG, END, each extended to the
  ;; beginning/end of any preprocessor construct they may be in.
  ;;
  ;; Point is undefined both before and after this function call; the buffer
  ;; has already been widened, and match-data saved.  The return value is
  ;; meaningless.
  ;;
  ;; This function is in the C/C++/ObjC values of
  ;; `c-get-state-before-change-functions' and is called exclusively as a
  ;; before change function.
  (goto-char beg)
  (c-beginning-of-macro)
  (setq c-old-BOM (point))

  (goto-char end)
  (when (c-beginning-of-macro)
    (c-end-of-macro)
    (or (eobp) (forward-char)))  ; Over the terminating NL which may be marked
                                 ; with a c-cpp-delimiter category property
  (setq c-old-EOM (point)))

(defun c-neutralize-CPP-line (beg end)
  ;; BEG and END bound a region, typically a preprocessor line.  Put a
  ;; "punctuation" syntax-table property on syntactically obtrusive
  ;; characters, ones which would interact syntactically with stuff outside
  ;; this region.
  ;;
  ;; These are unmatched string delimiters, or unmatched
  ;; parens/brackets/braces.  An unclosed comment is regarded as valid, NOT
  ;; obtrusive.
  (save-excursion
    (let (s)
      (while
          (progn
            (setq s (parse-partial-sexp beg end -1))
            (cond
             ((< (nth 0 s) 0)           ; found an unmated ),},]
              (c-put-char-property (1- (point)) 'syntax-table '(1))
              t)
             ((nth 3 s)                 ; In a string
              (c-put-char-property (nth 8 s) 'syntax-table '(1))
              t)
             ((> (nth 0 s) 0)           ; In a (,{,[
              (c-put-char-property (nth 1 s) 'syntax-table '(1))
              t)
             (t nil)))))))

(defun c-neutralize-syntax-in-and-mark-CPP (begg endd old-len)
  ;; (i) Extend the font lock region to cover all changed preprocessor
  ;; regions; it does this by setting the variables `c-new-BEG' and
  ;; `c-new-END' to the new boundaries.
  ;; 
  ;; (ii) "Neutralize" every preprocessor line wholly or partially in the
  ;; extended changed region.  "Restore" lines which were CPP lines before the
  ;; change and are no longer so; these can be located from the Buffer local
  ;; variables `c-old-BOM' and `c-old-EOM'.
  ;;
  ;; (iii) Mark every CPP construct by placing a `category' property value
  ;; `c-cpp-delimiter' at its start and end.  The marked characters are the
  ;; opening # and usually the terminating EOL, but sometimes the character
  ;; before a comment/string delimiter.
  ;;
  ;; That is, set syntax-table properties on characters that would otherwise
  ;; interact syntactically with those outside the CPP line(s).
  ;;
  ;; This function is called from an after-change function, BEGG ENDD and
  ;; OLD-LEN being the standard parameters.  It prepares the buffer for font
  ;; locking, hence must get called before `font-lock-after-change-function'.
  ;;
  ;; Point is undefined both before and after this function call, the buffer
  ;; has been widened, and match-data saved.  The return value is ignored.
  ;;
  ;; This function is the C/C++/ObjC value of `c-before-font-lock-function'.
  ;;
  ;; Note: SPEED _MATTERS_ IN THIS FUNCTION!!!
  ;;
  ;; This function might make hidden buffer changes.
  (c-save-buffer-state (limits)
    ;; First determine the region, (c-new-BEG c-new-END), which will get font
    ;; locked.  It might need "neutralizing".  This region may not start
    ;; inside a string, comment, or macro.
    (goto-char c-old-BOM)         ; already set to old start of macro or begg.
    (setq c-new-BEG
          (min c-new-BEG
               (if (setq limits (c-state-literal-at (point)))
                   (cdr limits)     ; go forward out of any string or comment.
                 (point))))

    (goto-char endd)
    (if (setq limits (c-state-literal-at (point)))
        (goto-char (car limits)))  ; go backward out of any string or comment.
    (if (c-beginning-of-macro)
        (c-end-of-macro))
    (setq c-new-END (max c-new-END
                         (+ (- c-old-EOM old-len) (- endd begg))
                         (point)))

    ;; Clear all old relevant properties.
    (c-clear-char-property-with-value c-new-BEG c-new-END 'syntax-table '(1))
    (c-clear-char-property-with-value c-new-BEG c-new-END 'category 'c-cpp-delimiter)
    ;; FIXME!!!  What about the "<" and ">" category properties?  2009-11-16

    ;; Add needed properties to each CPP construct in the region.
    (goto-char c-new-BEG)
    (let ((pps-position c-new-BEG)  pps-state mbeg)
      (while (and (< (point) c-new-END)
                  (search-forward-regexp c-anchored-cpp-prefix c-new-END t))
        ;; If we've found a "#" inside a string/comment, ignore it.
        (setq pps-state
              (parse-partial-sexp pps-position (point) nil nil pps-state)
              pps-position (point))
        (unless (or (nth 3 pps-state)   ; in a string?
                    (nth 4 pps-state))  ; in a comment?
          (goto-char (match-beginning 0))
          (setq mbeg (point))
          (if (> (c-syntactic-end-of-macro) mbeg)
              (progn
                (c-neutralize-CPP-line mbeg (point))
                (c-set-cpp-delimiters mbeg (point))
                ;(setq pps-position (point))
                )
            (forward-line))           ; no infinite loop with, e.g., "#//"
          )))))

(defun c-before-change (beg end)
  ;; Function to be put on `before-change-functions'.  Primarily, this calls
  ;; the language dependent `c-get-state-before-change-functions'.  It is
  ;; otherwise used only to remove stale entries from the `c-found-types'
  ;; cache, and to record entries which a `c-after-change' function might
  ;; confirm as stale.
  ;;
  ;; Note that this function must be FAST rather than accurate.  Note
  ;; also that it only has any effect when font locking is enabled.
  ;; We exploit this by checking for font-lock-*-face instead of doing
  ;; rigourous syntactic analysis.

  ;; If either change boundary is wholly inside an identifier, delete
  ;; it/them from the cache.  Don't worry about being inside a string
  ;; or a comment - "wrongly" removing a symbol from `c-found-types'
  ;; isn't critical.
  (setq c-maybe-stale-found-type nil)
  (save-restriction
    (save-match-data
      (widen)
      (save-excursion
        ;; Are we inserting/deleting stuff in the middle of an identifier?
        (c-unfind-enclosing-token beg)
        (c-unfind-enclosing-token end)
        ;; Are we coalescing two tokens together, e.g. "fo o" -> "foo"?
        (when (< beg end)
          (c-unfind-coalesced-tokens beg end))
        ;; Are we (potentially) disrupting the syntactic context which
        ;; makes a type a type?  E.g. by inserting stuff after "foo" in
        ;; "foo bar;", or before "foo" in "typedef foo *bar;"?
        ;;
        ;; We search for appropriate c-type properties "near" the change.
        ;; First, find an appropriate boundary for this property search.
        (let (lim
              type type-pos
              marked-id term-pos
              (end1
               (or (and (eq (get-text-property end 'face) 'font-lock-comment-face)
                        (previous-single-property-change end 'face))
                   end)))
          (when (>= end1 beg) ; Don't hassle about changes entirely in comments.
            ;; Find a limit for the search for a `c-type' property
            (while
                (and (/= (skip-chars-backward "^;{}") 0)
                     (> (point) (point-min))
                     (memq (c-get-char-property (1- (point)) 'face)
                           '(font-lock-comment-face font-lock-string-face))))
            (setq lim (max (point-min) (1- (point))))

            ;; Look for the latest `c-type' property before end1
            (when (and (> end1 (point-min))
                       (setq type-pos
                             (if (get-text-property (1- end1) 'c-type)
                                 end1
                               (previous-single-property-change end1 'c-type nil lim))))
              (setq type (get-text-property (max (1- type-pos) lim) 'c-type))

              (when (memq type '(c-decl-id-start c-decl-type-start))
                ;; Get the identifier, if any, that the property is on.
                (goto-char (1- type-pos))
                (setq marked-id
                      (when (looking-at "\\(\\sw\\|\\s_\\)")
                        (c-beginning-of-current-token)
                        (buffer-substring-no-properties (point) type-pos)))

                (goto-char end1)
                (skip-chars-forward "^;{}") ; FIXME!!!  loop for comment, maybe
                (setq lim (point))
                (setq term-pos
                      (or (next-single-property-change end 'c-type nil lim) lim))
                (setq c-maybe-stale-found-type
                      (list type marked-id
                            type-pos term-pos
                            (buffer-substring-no-properties type-pos term-pos)
                            (buffer-substring-no-properties beg end)))))))

        (if c-get-state-before-change-functions
            (mapc (lambda (fn)
                    (funcall fn beg end))
                  c-get-state-before-change-functions))
        ))))

(defun c-after-change (beg end old-len)
  ;; Function put on `after-change-functions' to adjust various caches
  ;; etc.  Prefer speed to finesse here, since there will be an order
  ;; of magnitude more calls to this function than any of the
  ;; functions that use the caches.
  ;;
  ;; Note that care must be taken so that this is called before any
  ;; font-lock callbacks since we might get calls to functions using
  ;; these caches from inside them, and we must thus be sure that this
  ;; has already been executed.
  ;;
  ;; This calls the language variable c-before-font-lock-function, if non nil.
  ;; This typically sets `syntax-table' properties.

  (c-save-buffer-state ()
    ;; When `combine-after-change-calls' is used we might get calls
    ;; with regions outside the current narrowing.  This has been
    ;; observed in Emacs 20.7.
    (save-restriction
      (save-match-data            ; c-recognize-<>-arglists changes match-data
        (widen)

        (when (> end (point-max))
          ;; Some emacsen might return positions past the end. This has been
          ;; observed in Emacs 20.7 when rereading a buffer changed on disk
          ;; (haven't been able to minimize it, but Emacs 21.3 appears to
          ;; work).
          (setq end (point-max))
          (when (> beg end)
            (setq beg end)))

        ;; C-y is capable of spuriously converting category properties
        ;; c-</>-as-paren-syntax into hard syntax-table properties.  Remove
        ;; these when it happens.
        (c-clear-char-property-with-value beg end 'syntax-table
                                          c-<-as-paren-syntax)
        (c-clear-char-property-with-value beg end 'syntax-table
                                          c->-as-paren-syntax)

        (c-trim-found-types beg end old-len) ; maybe we don't need all of these.
        (c-invalidate-sws-region-after beg end)
        (c-invalidate-state-cache beg)
        (c-invalidate-find-decl-cache beg)

        (when c-recognize-<>-arglists
          (c-after-change-check-<>-operators beg end))

        ;; (c-new-BEG c-new-END) will be the region to fontify.  It may become
        ;; larger than (beg end).
        (setq c-new-BEG beg
              c-new-END end)
        (if c-before-font-lock-function
            (save-excursion
              (funcall c-before-font-lock-function beg end old-len)))))))

(defun c-after-font-lock-init ()
  ;; Put on `font-lock-mode-hook'.
  (remove-hook 'after-change-functions 'c-after-change t)
  (add-hook 'after-change-functions 'c-after-change nil t))

(defun c-font-lock-init ()
  "Set up the font-lock variables for using the font-lock support in CC Mode.
This does not load the font-lock package.  Use after
`c-basic-common-init' and after cc-fonts has been loaded."

  (set (make-local-variable 'font-lock-defaults)
        `(,(if (c-major-mode-is 'awk-mode)
               ;; awk-mode currently has only one font lock level.
               'awk-font-lock-keywords
             (mapcar 'c-mode-symbol
                     '("font-lock-keywords" "font-lock-keywords-1"
                       "font-lock-keywords-2" "font-lock-keywords-3")))
          nil nil
          ,c-identifier-syntax-modifications
          c-beginning-of-syntax
          (font-lock-mark-block-function
           . c-mark-function)))
  (if (featurep 'xemacs)
      (make-local-hook 'font-lock-mode-hook))
  (add-hook 'font-lock-mode-hook 'c-after-font-lock-init nil t))

(defun c-extend-after-change-region (beg end old-len)
  "Extend the region to be fontified, if necessary."
  ;; Note: the parameters are ignored here.  This somewhat indirect
  ;; implementation exists because it is minimally different from the
  ;; stand-alone CC Mode which, lacking
  ;; font-lock-extend-after-change-region-function, is forced to use advice
  ;; instead.
  ;;
  ;; Of the seven CC Mode languages, currently (2009-05) only C, C++, Objc
  ;; (the languages with #define) and AWK Mode make non-null use of this
  ;; function.
  (cons c-new-BEG c-new-END))

\f
;; Support for C

;;;###autoload
(defvar c-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table used in c-mode buffers.")
(or c-mode-syntax-table
    (setq c-mode-syntax-table
          (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table c))))

(defvar c-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in c-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'c-mode-abbrev-table
  '(("else" "else" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("while" "while" c-electric-continued-statement 0)))

(defvar c-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in c-mode buffers.")
(if c-mode-map
    nil
  (setq c-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; add bindings which are only useful for C
  (define-key c-mode-map "\C-c\C-e"  'c-macro-expand)
  )

(easy-menu-define c-c-menu c-mode-map "C Mode Commands"
                  (cons "C" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu c)))

;; In XEmacs >= 21.5 modes should add their own entries to
;; `auto-mode-alist'.  The comment form of autoload is used to avoid
;; doing this on load.  That since `add-to-list' prepends the value
;; which could cause it to clobber user settings.  Later emacsen have
;; an append option, but it's not safe to use.

;; The extension ".C" is associated with C++ while the lowercase
;; variant goes with C.  On case insensitive file systems, this means
;; that ".c" files also might open C++ mode if the C++ entry comes
;; first on `auto-mode-alist'.  Thus we try to ensure that ".C" comes
;; after ".c", and since `add-to-list' adds the entry first we have to
;; add the ".C" entry first.
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.\\(cc\\|hh\\)\\'" . c++-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.[ch]\\(pp\\|xx\\|\\+\\+\\)\\'" . c++-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.\\(CC?\\|HH?\\)\\'" . c++-mode))

;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.[ch]\\'" . c-mode))

;; NB: The following two associate yacc and lex files to C Mode, which
;; is not really suitable for those formats.  Anyway, afaik there's
;; currently no better mode for them, and besides this is legacy.
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.y\\(acc\\)?\\'" . c-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.lex\\'" . c-mode))

;; Preprocessed files generated by C and C++ compilers.
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.i\\'" . c-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.ii\\'" . c++-mode))


;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode c-mode prog-mode "C"
  "Major mode for editing K&R and ANSI C code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from a
c-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with version
information already added.  You just need to add a description of the
problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the message.

To see what version of CC Mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.

The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no args at mode
initialization, then `c-mode-hook'.

Key bindings:
\\{c-mode-map}"
  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
  (set-syntax-table c-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table c-mode-abbrev-table
        abbrev-mode t)
  (use-local-map c-mode-map)
  (c-init-language-vars-for 'c-mode)
  (c-common-init 'c-mode)
  (easy-menu-add c-c-menu)
  (cc-imenu-init cc-imenu-c-generic-expression)
  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'c-mode-hook)
  (c-update-modeline))

\f
;; Support for C++

;;;###autoload
(defvar c++-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table used in c++-mode buffers.")
(or c++-mode-syntax-table
    (setq c++-mode-syntax-table
          (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table c++))))

(defvar c++-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in c++-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'c++-mode-abbrev-table
  '(("else" "else" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("while" "while" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("catch" "catch" c-electric-continued-statement 0)))

(defvar c++-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in c++-mode buffers.")
(if c++-mode-map
    nil
  (setq c++-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; add bindings which are only useful for C++
  (define-key c++-mode-map "\C-c\C-e" 'c-macro-expand)
  (define-key c++-mode-map "\C-c:"    'c-scope-operator)
  (define-key c++-mode-map "<"        'c-electric-lt-gt)
  (define-key c++-mode-map ">"        'c-electric-lt-gt))

(easy-menu-define c-c++-menu c++-mode-map "C++ Mode Commands"
                  (cons "C++" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu c++)))

;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode c++-mode prog-mode "C++"
  "Major mode for editing C++ code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from a
c++-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
version information already added.  You just need to add a description
of the problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the
message.

To see what version of CC Mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.

The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no args at mode
initialization, then `c++-mode-hook'.

Key bindings:
\\{c++-mode-map}"
  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
  (set-syntax-table c++-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table c++-mode-abbrev-table
        abbrev-mode t)
  (use-local-map c++-mode-map)
  (c-init-language-vars-for 'c++-mode)
  (c-common-init 'c++-mode)
  (easy-menu-add c-c++-menu)
  (cc-imenu-init cc-imenu-c++-generic-expression)
  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'c++-mode-hook)
  (c-update-modeline))

\f
;; Support for Objective-C

;;;###autoload
(defvar objc-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table used in objc-mode buffers.")
(or objc-mode-syntax-table
    (setq objc-mode-syntax-table
          (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table objc))))

(defvar objc-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in objc-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'objc-mode-abbrev-table
  '(("else" "else" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("while" "while" c-electric-continued-statement 0)))

(defvar objc-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in objc-mode buffers.")
(if objc-mode-map
    nil
  (setq objc-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; add bindings which are only useful for Objective-C
  (define-key objc-mode-map "\C-c\C-e" 'c-macro-expand))

(easy-menu-define c-objc-menu objc-mode-map "ObjC Mode Commands"
                  (cons "ObjC" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu objc)))

;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.m\\'" . objc-mode))

;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode objc-mode prog-mode "ObjC"
  "Major mode for editing Objective C code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from an
objc-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
version information already added.  You just need to add a description
of the problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the
message.

To see what version of CC Mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.

The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no args at mode
initialization, then `objc-mode-hook'.

Key bindings:
\\{objc-mode-map}"
  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
  (set-syntax-table objc-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table objc-mode-abbrev-table
        abbrev-mode t)
  (use-local-map objc-mode-map)
  (c-init-language-vars-for 'objc-mode)
  (c-common-init 'objc-mode)
  (easy-menu-add c-objc-menu)
  (cc-imenu-init nil 'cc-imenu-objc-function)
  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'objc-mode-hook)
  (c-update-modeline))

\f
;; Support for Java

;;;###autoload
(defvar java-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table used in java-mode buffers.")
(or java-mode-syntax-table
    (setq java-mode-syntax-table
          (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table java))))

(defvar java-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in java-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'java-mode-abbrev-table
  '(("else" "else" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("while" "while" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("catch" "catch" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("finally" "finally" c-electric-continued-statement 0)))

(defvar java-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in java-mode buffers.")
(if java-mode-map
    nil
  (setq java-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; add bindings which are only useful for Java
  )

;; Regexp trying to describe the beginning of a Java top-level
;; definition.  This is not used by CC Mode, nor is it maintained
;; since it's practically impossible to write a regexp that reliably
;; matches such a construct.  Other tools are necessary.
(defconst c-Java-defun-prompt-regexp
  "^[ \t]*\\(\\(\\(public\\|protected\\|private\\|const\\|abstract\\|synchronized\\|final\\|static\\|threadsafe\\|transient\\|native\\|volatile\\)\\s-+\\)*\\(\\(\\([[a-zA-Z][][_$.a-zA-Z0-9]*[][_$.a-zA-Z0-9]+\\|[[a-zA-Z]\\)\\s-*\\)\\s-+\\)\\)?\\(\\([[a-zA-Z][][_$.a-zA-Z0-9]*\\s-+\\)\\s-*\\)?\\([_a-zA-Z][^][ \t:;.,{}()\x7f=]*\\|\\([_$a-zA-Z][_$.a-zA-Z0-9]*\\)\\)\\s-*\\(([^);{}]*)\\)?\\([] \t]*\\)\\(\\s-*\\<throws\\>\\s-*\\(\\([_$a-zA-Z][_$.a-zA-Z0-9]*\\)[, \t\n\r\f\v]*\\)+\\)?\\s-*")

(easy-menu-define c-java-menu java-mode-map "Java Mode Commands"
                  (cons "Java" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu java)))

;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.java\\'" . java-mode))

;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode java-mode prog-mode "Java"
  "Major mode for editing Java code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from a
java-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
version information already added.  You just need to add a description
of the problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the
message.

To see what version of CC Mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.

The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no args at mode
initialization, then `java-mode-hook'.

Key bindings:
\\{java-mode-map}"
  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
  (set-syntax-table java-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table java-mode-abbrev-table
        abbrev-mode t)
  (use-local-map java-mode-map)
  (c-init-language-vars-for 'java-mode)
  (c-common-init 'java-mode)
  (easy-menu-add c-java-menu)
  (cc-imenu-init cc-imenu-java-generic-expression)
  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'java-mode-hook)
  (c-update-modeline))

\f
;; Support for CORBA's IDL language

;;;###autoload
(defvar idl-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table used in idl-mode buffers.")
(or idl-mode-syntax-table
    (setq idl-mode-syntax-table
          (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table idl))))

(defvar idl-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in idl-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'idl-mode-abbrev-table nil)

(defvar idl-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in idl-mode buffers.")
(if idl-mode-map
    nil
  (setq idl-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; add bindings which are only useful for IDL
  )

(easy-menu-define c-idl-menu idl-mode-map "IDL Mode Commands"
                  (cons "IDL" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu idl)))

;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.idl\\'" . idl-mode))

;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode idl-mode prog-mode "IDL"
  "Major mode for editing CORBA's IDL, PSDL and CIDL code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from an
idl-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
version information already added.  You just need to add a description
of the problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the
message.

To see what version of CC Mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.

The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no args at mode
initialization, then `idl-mode-hook'.

Key bindings:
\\{idl-mode-map}"
  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
  (set-syntax-table idl-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table idl-mode-abbrev-table)
  (use-local-map idl-mode-map)
  (c-init-language-vars-for 'idl-mode)
  (c-common-init 'idl-mode)
  (easy-menu-add c-idl-menu)
  ;;(cc-imenu-init cc-imenu-idl-generic-expression) ;TODO
  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'idl-mode-hook)
  (c-update-modeline))

\f
;; Support for Pike

;;;###autoload
(defvar pike-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table used in pike-mode buffers.")
(or pike-mode-syntax-table
    (setq pike-mode-syntax-table
          (funcall (c-lang-const c-make-mode-syntax-table pike))))

(defvar pike-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in pike-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'pike-mode-abbrev-table
  '(("else" "else" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("while" "while" c-electric-continued-statement 0)))

(defvar pike-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in pike-mode buffers.")
(if pike-mode-map
    nil
  (setq pike-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; additional bindings
  (define-key pike-mode-map "\C-c\C-e" 'c-macro-expand))

(easy-menu-define c-pike-menu pike-mode-map "Pike Mode Commands"
                  (cons "Pike" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu pike)))

;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.\\(u?lpc\\|pike\\|pmod\\(.in\\)?\\)\\'" . pike-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("pike" . pike-mode))

;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode pike-mode prog-mode "Pike"
  "Major mode for editing Pike code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from a
pike-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with
version information already added.  You just need to add a description
of the problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the
message.

To see what version of CC Mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.

The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no args at mode
initialization, then `pike-mode-hook'.

Key bindings:
\\{pike-mode-map}"
  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
  (set-syntax-table pike-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table pike-mode-abbrev-table
        abbrev-mode t)
  (use-local-map pike-mode-map)
  (c-init-language-vars-for 'pike-mode)
  (c-common-init 'pike-mode)
  (easy-menu-add c-pike-menu)
  ;;(cc-imenu-init cc-imenu-pike-generic-expression) ;TODO
  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'pike-mode-hook)
  (c-update-modeline))

\f
;; Support for AWK

;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.awk\\'" . awk-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("awk" . awk-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("mawk" . awk-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("nawk" . awk-mode))
;;;###autoload (add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("gawk" . awk-mode))

;;; Autoload directives must be on the top level, so we construct an
;;; autoload form instead.
;;;###autoload (autoload 'awk-mode "cc-mode" "Major mode for editing AWK code." t)

(defvar awk-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbreviation table used in awk-mode buffers.")
(c-define-abbrev-table 'awk-mode-abbrev-table
  '(("else" "else" c-electric-continued-statement 0)
    ("while" "while" c-electric-continued-statement 0)))

(defvar awk-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in awk-mode buffers.")
(if awk-mode-map
    nil
  (setq awk-mode-map (c-make-inherited-keymap))
  ;; add bindings which are only useful for awk.
  (define-key awk-mode-map "#" 'self-insert-command)
  (define-key awk-mode-map "/" 'self-insert-command)
  (define-key awk-mode-map "*" 'self-insert-command)
  (define-key awk-mode-map "\C-c\C-n" 'undefined) ; #if doesn't exist in awk.
  (define-key awk-mode-map "\C-c\C-p" 'undefined)
  (define-key awk-mode-map "\C-c\C-u" 'undefined)
  (define-key awk-mode-map "\M-a" 'c-beginning-of-statement) ; 2003/10/7
  (define-key awk-mode-map "\M-e" 'c-end-of-statement) ; 2003/10/7
  (define-key awk-mode-map "\C-\M-a" 'c-awk-beginning-of-defun)
  (define-key awk-mode-map "\C-\M-e" 'c-awk-end-of-defun))

(easy-menu-define c-awk-menu awk-mode-map "AWK Mode Commands"
                  (cons "AWK" (c-lang-const c-mode-menu awk)))

;; (require 'cc-awk) brings these in.
(defvar awk-mode-syntax-table)
(declare-function c-awk-unstick-NL-prop "cc-awk" ())

;;;###autoload
(define-derived-mode awk-mode prog-mode "AWK"
  "Major mode for editing AWK code.
To submit a problem report, enter `\\[c-submit-bug-report]' from an
awk-mode buffer.  This automatically sets up a mail buffer with version
information already added.  You just need to add a description of the
problem, including a reproducible test case, and send the message.

To see what version of CC Mode you are running, enter `\\[c-version]'.

The hook `c-mode-common-hook' is run with no args at mode
initialization, then `awk-mode-hook'.

Key bindings:
\\{awk-mode-map}"
  (require 'cc-awk)                     ; Added 2003/6/10.
  (c-initialize-cc-mode t)
  (set-syntax-table awk-mode-syntax-table)
  (setq local-abbrev-table awk-mode-abbrev-table
        abbrev-mode t)
  (use-local-map awk-mode-map)
  (c-init-language-vars-for 'awk-mode)
  (c-common-init 'awk-mode)
  (c-awk-unstick-NL-prop)

  ;; Prevent Xemacs's buffer-syntactic-context being used.  See the comment
  ;; in cc-engine.el, just before (defun c-fast-in-literal ...
  (defalias 'c-in-literal 'c-slow-in-literal)

  (c-run-mode-hooks 'c-mode-common-hook 'awk-mode-hook)
  (c-update-modeline))

\f
;; bug reporting

(defconst c-mode-help-address
  "bug-cc-mode@gnu.org"
  "Address(es) for CC Mode bug reports.")

(defun c-version ()
  "Echo the current version of CC Mode in the minibuffer."
  (interactive)
  (message "Using CC Mode version %s" c-version)
  (c-keep-region-active))

(defvar c-prepare-bug-report-hooks nil)

;; Dynamic variables used by reporter.
(defvar reporter-prompt-for-summary-p)
(defvar reporter-dont-compact-list)

(defun c-submit-bug-report ()
  "Submit via mail a bug report on CC Mode."
  (interactive)
  (require 'reporter)
  ;; load in reporter
  (let ((reporter-prompt-for-summary-p t)
        (reporter-dont-compact-list '(c-offsets-alist))
        (style c-indentation-style)
        (c-features c-emacs-features))
    (and
     (if (y-or-n-p "Do you want to submit a report on CC Mode? ")
         t (message "") nil)
     (reporter-submit-bug-report
      c-mode-help-address
      (concat "CC Mode " c-version " (" mode-name ")")
      (let ((vars (append
                   c-style-variables
                   '(c-buffer-is-cc-mode
                     c-tab-always-indent
                     c-syntactic-indentation
                     c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros
                     c-ignore-auto-fill
                     c-auto-align-backslashes
                     c-backspace-function
                     c-delete-function
                     c-electric-pound-behavior
                     c-default-style
                     c-enable-xemacs-performance-kludge-p
                     c-old-style-variable-behavior
                     defun-prompt-regexp
                     tab-width
                     comment-column
                     parse-sexp-ignore-comments
                     parse-sexp-lookup-properties
                     lookup-syntax-properties
                     ;; A brain-damaged XEmacs only variable that, if
                     ;; set to nil can cause all kinds of chaos.
                     signal-error-on-buffer-boundary
                     ;; Variables that affect line breaking and comments.
                     auto-fill-mode
                     auto-fill-function
                     filladapt-mode
                     comment-multi-line
                     comment-start-skip
                     fill-prefix
                     fill-column
                     paragraph-start
                     adaptive-fill-mode
                     adaptive-fill-regexp)
                   nil)))
        (mapc (lambda (var) (unless (boundp var)
                         (setq vars (delq var vars))))
              '(signal-error-on-buffer-boundary
                filladapt-mode
                defun-prompt-regexp
                font-lock-mode
                font-lock-maximum-decoration
                parse-sexp-lookup-properties
                lookup-syntax-properties))
        vars)
      (lambda ()
        (run-hooks 'c-prepare-bug-report-hooks)
        (insert (format "Buffer Style: %s\nc-emacs-features: %s\n"
                        style c-features)))))))

\f
(cc-provide 'cc-mode)

;;; cc-mode.el ends here