1 Copyright (C) 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 See end for license conditions.
7 Emacs is a collaborative project and we encourage contributions from
8 anyone and everyone. If you want to contribute in the way that will
9 help us most, we recommend (1) fixing reported bugs and (2)
10 implementing the feature ideas in etc/TODO. However, if you think of
11 new features to add, please suggest them too -- we might like your
12 idea. Porting to new platforms is also useful, when there is a new
13 platform, but that is not common nowadays.
15 For documentation on how to develop Emacs changes, refer to the Emacs
16 Manual and the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual (both included in the Emacs
17 distribution). The web pages in http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs
18 contain additional information.
20 You may also want to submit your change so that can be considered for
21 inclusion in a future version of Emacs (see below).
23 If you don't feel up to hacking Emacs, there are many other ways to
24 help. You can answer questions on the mailing lists, write
25 documentation, find and report bugs, contribute to the Emacs web
26 pages, or develop a package that works with Emacs.
28 Here are some style and legal conventions for contributors to Emacs:
33 Contributed code should follow the GNU Coding Standard.
35 If it doesn't, we'll need to find someone to fix the code before we
38 Emacs has certain additional style and coding conventions.
40 Ref: http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards_toc.html
41 Ref: GNU Coding Standards Info Manual
42 Ref: The "Tips" Appendix in the Emacs Lisp Reference.
45 * Copyright Assignment
47 We can accept small changes without legal papers, and for medium-size
48 changes a copyright disclaimer is ok too. To accept substantial
49 contributions from you, we need a copyright assignment form filled out
50 and filed with the FSF.
52 Contact us at emacs-devel@gnu.org to obtain the relevant forms.
55 * Getting the Source Code
57 The latest version of Emacs can be downloaded using CVS or Arch from
58 the Savannah web site. It is important to write your patch based on
59 this version; if you start from an older version, your patch may be
60 outdated when you write it, and maintainers will have hard time
63 After you have downloaded the CVS source, you should read the file
64 INSTALL.CVS for build instructions (they differ to some extent from a
67 Ref: http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/emacs
72 Every patch must have several pieces of information before we
73 can properly evaluate it.
75 When you have all these pieces, bundle them up in a mail message and
76 send it to emacs-pretest-bug@gnu.org or emacs-devel@gnu.org.
78 All subsequent discussion should also be sent to the mailing list.
82 For bug fixes, a description of the bug and how your patch fixes this
85 For new features, a description of the feature and your
90 A ChangeLog entry as plaintext (separate from the patch).
92 See the various ChangeLog files for format and content. Note that,
93 unlike some other projects, we do require ChangeLogs also for
94 documentation, i.e. Texinfo files.
96 Ref: "Change Log Concepts" node of the GNU Coding Standards Info
97 Manual, for how to write good log entries.
101 Please use "Context Diff" format.
103 If you are accessing the CVS repository use
104 cvs update; cvs diff -cp
108 If your version of diff does not support these options, then get the
109 latest version of GNU Diff.
113 We prefer to get the patches as inline plain text.
115 Please be aware of line wrapping which will make the patch unreadable
116 and useless for us. To avoid that, you can use MIME attachments or,
117 as a last resort, uuencoded gzipped text.
119 ** Please reread your patch before submitting it.
121 ** Do not mix changes.
123 If you send several unrelated changes together, we will ask you to
124 separate them so we can consider each of the changes by itself.
127 * Coding style and conventions.
129 ** Mandatory reading:
131 The "Tips and Conventions" Appendix of the Emacs Lisp Reference.
133 ** Avoid using `defadvice' or `eval-after-load' for Lisp code to be
136 ** Remove all trailing whitespace in all source and text files.
138 ** Use ?\s instead of ? in Lisp code for a space character.
141 * Supplemental information for Emacs Developers.
143 ** Write access to Emacs' CVS repository.
145 Once you become a frequent contributor to Emacs, we can consider
146 giving you write access to the CVS repository.
149 ** Emacs Mailing lists.
151 Discussion about Emacs development takes place on emacs-devel@gnu.org.
153 Bug reports for released versions are sent to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
155 Bug reports for development versions are sent to emacs-pretest-bug@gnu.org.
157 You can subscribe to the mailing lists at savannah.gnu.org/projects/emacs.
159 You can find the mailing lists archives at lists.gnu.org or gmane.org.
162 ** Document your changes.
164 Think carefully about whether your change requires updating the
165 documentation. If it does, you can either do this yourself or add an
166 item to the NEWS file.
168 If you document your change in NEWS, please mark the NEWS entry with
169 the documentation status of the change: if you submit the changes for
170 the manuals, mark it with "+++"; if it doesn't need to be documented,
171 mark it with "---"; if it needs to be documented, but you didn't
172 submit documentation changes, leave the NEWS entry unmarked. (These
173 marks are checked by the Emacs maintainers to make sure every change
174 was reflected in the manuals.)
177 ** Understanding Emacs Internals.
179 The best way to understand Emacs Internals is to read the code,
180 but the nodes "Tips" and "GNU Emacs Internals" in the Appendix
181 of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual may also help.
183 The file etc/DEBUG describes how to debug Emacs bugs.
187 * How to Maintain Copyright Years for GNU Emacs
189 See admin/notes/copyright.
191 ** Our lawyer says it is ok if we add, to each file that has been in Emacs
192 since Emacs 21 came out in 2001, all the subsequent years. We don't
193 need to check whether *that file* was changed in those years.
194 It's sufficient that *Emacs* was changed in those years (and it was!).
196 ** For those files that have been added since then, we should add
197 the year it was added to Emacs, and all subsequent years.
199 ** For the refcards under etc/, it's ok to simply use the latest year
200 (typically in a `\def\year{YEAR}' expression) for the rendered copyright
201 notice, while maintaining the full list of years in the copyright notice
206 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
208 GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
209 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
210 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
213 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
214 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
215 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
216 GNU General Public License for more details.
218 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
219 along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
220 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
221 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
225 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"