lisp/help-fns.el

   1 ;;; help-fns.el --- Complex help functions
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
   4 ;;   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   5
   6 ;; Maintainer: FSF
   7 ;; Keywords: help, internal
   8
   9 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
  10
  11 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  12 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  13 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  14 ;; any later version.
  15
  16 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  17 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  18 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  19 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  20
  21 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  22 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  23 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  24 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  25
  26 ;;; Commentary:
  27
  28 ;; This file contains those help commands which are complicated, and
  29 ;; which may not be used in every session.  For example
  30 ;; `describe-function' will probably be heavily used when doing elisp
  31 ;; programming, but not if just editing C files.  Simpler help commands
  32 ;; are in help.el
  33
  34 ;;; Code:
  35
  36 (require 'help-mode)
  37
  38
  39 ;;;###autoload
  40 (defun help-with-tutorial (&optional arg)
  41   "Select the Emacs learn-by-doing tutorial.
  42 If there is a tutorial version written in the language
  43 of the selected language environment, that version is used.
  44 If there's no tutorial in that language, `TUTORIAL' is selected.
  45 With ARG, you are asked to choose which language."
  46   (interactive "P")
  47   (let ((lang (if arg
  48                     (let ((minibuffer-setup-hook minibuffer-setup-hook))
  49                       (add-hook 'minibuffer-setup-hook
  50                                 'minibuffer-completion-help)
  51                       (read-language-name 'tutorial "Language: " "English"))
  52                 (if (get-language-info current-language-environment 'tutorial)
  53                     current-language-environment
  54                   "English")))
  55         file filename)
  56     (setq filename (get-language-info lang 'tutorial))
  57     (setq file (expand-file-name (concat "~/" filename)))
  58     (delete-other-windows)
  59     (if (get-file-buffer file)
  60         (switch-to-buffer (get-file-buffer file))
  61       (switch-to-buffer (create-file-buffer file))
  62       (setq buffer-file-name file)
  63       (setq default-directory (expand-file-name "~/"))
  64       (setq buffer-auto-save-file-name nil)
  65       (insert-file-contents (expand-file-name filename data-directory))
  66       (goto-char (point-min))
  67       (search-forward "\n<<")
  68       (beginning-of-line)
  69       ;; Convert the <<...>> line to the proper [...] line,
  70       ;; or just delete the <<...>> line if a [...] line follows.
  71       (cond ((save-excursion
  72                (forward-line 1)
  73                (looking-at "\\["))
  74              (delete-region (point) (progn (forward-line 1) (point))))
  75             ((looking-at "<<Blank lines inserted.*>>")
  76              (replace-match "[Middle of page left blank for didactic purposes.   Text continues below]"))
  77             (t
  78              (looking-at "<<")
  79              (replace-match "[")
  80              (search-forward ">>")
  81              (replace-match "]")))
  82       (beginning-of-line)
  83       (let ((n (- (window-height (selected-window))
  84                   (count-lines (point-min) (point))
  85                   6)))
  86         (if (< n 8)
  87             (progn
  88               ;; For a short gap, we don't need the [...] line,
  89               ;; so delete it.
  90               (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
  91               (newline n))
  92           ;; Some people get confused by the large gap.
  93           (newline (/ n 2))
  94
  95           ;; Skip the [...] line (don't delete it).
  96           (forward-line 1)
  97           (newline (- n (/ n 2)))))
  98       (goto-char (point-min))
  99       (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
 100
 101 ;;;###autoload
 102 (defun locate-library (library &optional nosuffix path interactive-call)
 103   "Show the precise file name of Emacs library LIBRARY.
 104 This command searches the directories in `load-path' like `\\[load-library]'
 105 to find the file that `\\[load-library] RET LIBRARY RET' would load.
 106 Optional second arg NOSUFFIX non-nil means don't add suffixes `load-suffixes'
 107 to the specified name LIBRARY.
 108
 109 If the optional third arg PATH is specified, that list of directories
 110 is used instead of `load-path'.
 111
 112 When called from a program, the file name is normaly returned as a
 113 string.  When run interactively, the argument INTERACTIVE-CALL is t,
 114 and the file name is displayed in the echo area."
 115   (interactive (list (completing-read "Locate library: "
 116                                       'locate-file-completion
 117                                       (cons load-path load-suffixes))
 118                      nil nil
 119                      t))
 120   (let ((file (locate-file library
 121                            (or path load-path)
 122                            (append (unless nosuffix load-suffixes) '("")))))
 123     (if interactive-call
 124         (if file
 125             (message "Library is file %s" (abbreviate-file-name file))
 126           (message "No library %s in search path" library)))
 127     file))
 128
 129 \f
 130 ;; Functions
 131
 132 ;;;###autoload
 133 (defun describe-function (function)
 134   "Display the full documentation of FUNCTION (a symbol)."
 135   (interactive
 136    (let ((fn (function-called-at-point))
 137          (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
 138          val)
 139      (setq val (completing-read (if fn
 140                                     (format "Describe function (default %s): " fn)
 141                                   "Describe function: ")
 142                                 obarray 'fboundp t nil nil (symbol-name fn)))
 143      (list (if (equal val "")
 144                fn (intern val)))))
 145   (if (null function)
 146       (message "You didn't specify a function")
 147     (help-setup-xref (list #'describe-function function) (interactive-p))
 148     (save-excursion
 149       (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
 150         (prin1 function)
 151         ;; Use " is " instead of a colon so that
 152         ;; it is easier to get out the function name using forward-sexp.
 153         (princ " is ")
 154         (describe-function-1 function)
 155         (print-help-return-message)
 156         (with-current-buffer standard-output
 157           ;; Return the text we displayed.
 158           (buffer-string))))))
 159
 160 (defun help-split-fundoc (doc def)
 161   "Split a function docstring DOC into the actual doc and the usage info.
 162 Return (USAGE . DOC) or nil if there's no usage info.
 163 DEF is the function whose usage we're looking for in DOC."
 164   ;; Functions can get the calling sequence at the end of the doc string.
 165   ;; In cases where `function' has been fset to a subr we can't search for
 166   ;; function's name in the doc string so we use `fn' as the anonymous
 167   ;; function name instead.
 168   (when (and doc (string-match "\n\n(fn\\(\\( .*\\)?)\\)\\'" doc))
 169     (cons (format "(%s%s"
 170                   ;; Replace `fn' with the actual function name.
 171                   (if (consp def) "anonymous" def)
 172                   (match-string 1 doc))
 173           (substring doc 0 (match-beginning 0)))))
 174
 175 (defun help-add-fundoc-usage (doc arglist)
 176   "Add the usage info to the docstring DOC.
 177 If DOC already has a usage info, then just return DOC unchanged.
 178 The usage info is built from ARGLIST.  DOC can be nil.
 179 ARGLIST can also be t or a string of the form \"(fun ARG1 ARG2 ...)\"."
 180   (unless (stringp doc) (setq doc "Not documented"))
 181   (if (or (string-match "\n\n(fn\\(\\( .*\\)?)\\)\\'" doc) (eq arglist t))
 182       doc
 183     (format "%s%s%s" doc
 184             (if (string-match "\n?\n\\'" doc)
 185                 (if (< (- (match-end 0) (match-beginning 0)) 2) "\n" "")
 186               "\n\n")
 187             (if (and (stringp arglist)
 188                      (string-match "\\`([^ ]+\\(.*\\))\\'" arglist))
 189                 (concat "(fn" (match-string 1 arglist) ")")
 190               (help-make-usage 'fn arglist)))))
 191
 192 (defun help-function-arglist (def)
 193   ;; Handle symbols aliased to other symbols.
 194   (if (and (symbolp def) (fboundp def)) (setq def (indirect-function def)))
 195   ;; If definition is a macro, find the function inside it.
 196   (if (eq (car-safe def) 'macro) (setq def (cdr def)))
 197   (cond
 198    ((byte-code-function-p def) (aref def 0))
 199    ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda) (nth 1 def))
 200    ((and (eq (car-safe def) 'autoload) (not (eq (nth 4 def) 'keymap)))
 201     "[Arg list not available until function definition is loaded.]")
 202    (t t)))
 203
 204 (defun help-make-usage (function arglist)
 205   (cons (if (symbolp function) function 'anonymous)
 206         (mapcar (lambda (arg)
 207                   (if (not (symbolp arg))
 208                       (if (and (consp arg) (symbolp (car arg)))
 209                           ;; CL style default values for optional args.
 210                           (cons (intern (upcase (symbol-name (car arg))))
 211                                 (cdr arg))
 212                         arg)
 213                     (let ((name (symbol-name arg)))
 214                       (if (string-match "\\`&" name) arg
 215                         (intern (upcase name))))))
 216                 arglist)))
 217
 218 ;;;###autoload
 219 (defun describe-function-1 (function)
 220   (let* ((def (if (symbolp function)
 221                   (symbol-function function)
 222                 function))
 223          file-name string
 224          (beg (if (commandp def) "an interactive " "a ")))
 225     (setq string
 226           (cond ((or (stringp def)
 227                      (vectorp def))
 228                  "a keyboard macro")
 229                 ((subrp def)
 230                  (if (eq 'unevalled (cdr (subr-arity def)))
 231                      (concat beg "special form")
 232                    (concat beg "built-in function")))
 233                 ((byte-code-function-p def)
 234                  (concat beg "compiled Lisp function"))
 235                 ((symbolp def)
 236                  (while (symbolp (symbol-function def))
 237                    (setq def (symbol-function def)))
 238                  (format "an alias for `%s'" def))
 239                 ((eq (car-safe def) 'lambda)
 240                  (concat beg "Lisp function"))
 241                 ((eq (car-safe def) 'macro)
 242                  "a Lisp macro")
 243                 ((eq (car-safe def) 'autoload)
 244                  (setq file-name (nth 1 def))
 245                  (format "%s autoloaded %s"
 246                          (if (commandp def) "an interactive" "an")
 247                          (if (eq (nth 4 def) 'keymap) "keymap"
 248                            (if (nth 4 def) "Lisp macro" "Lisp function"))
 249                          ))
 250                 ((keymapp def)
 251                  (let ((is-full nil)
 252                        (elts (cdr-safe def)))
 253                    (while elts
 254                      (if (char-table-p (car-safe elts))
 255                          (setq is-full t
 256                                elts nil))
 257                      (setq elts (cdr-safe elts)))
 258                    (if is-full
 259                        "a full keymap"
 260                      "a sparse keymap")))
 261                 (t "")))
 262     (princ string)
 263     (with-current-buffer standard-output
 264       (save-excursion
 265         (save-match-data
 266           (if (re-search-backward "alias for `\\([^`']+\\)'" nil t)
 267               (help-xref-button 1 'help-function def)))))
 268     (or file-name
 269         (setq file-name (symbol-file function)))
 270     (when (equal file-name "loaddefs.el")
 271       ;; Find the real def site of the preloaded function.
 272       ;; This is necessary only for defaliases.
 273       (let ((location
 274              (condition-case nil
 275                  (find-function-search-for-symbol function nil "loaddefs.el")
 276                (error nil))))
 277         (when location
 278           (with-current-buffer (car location)
 279             (goto-char (cdr location))
 280             (when (re-search-backward
 281                    "^;;; Generated autoloads from \\(.*\\)" nil t)
 282               (setq file-name (match-string 1)))))))
 283     (cond
 284      (file-name
 285       (princ " in `")
 286       ;; We used to add .el to the file name,
 287       ;; but that's completely wrong when the user used load-file.
 288       (princ file-name)
 289       (princ "'")
 290       ;; Make a hyperlink to the library.
 291       (with-current-buffer standard-output
 292         (save-excursion
 293           (re-search-backward "`\\([^`']+\\)'" nil t)
 294           (help-xref-button 1 'help-function-def function file-name)))))
 295     (princ ".")
 296     (terpri)
 297     (when (commandp function)
 298       (let* ((remapped (command-remapping function))
 299              (keys (where-is-internal
 300                     (or remapped function) overriding-local-map nil nil)))
 301         (when remapped
 302           (princ "It is remapped to `")
 303           (princ (symbol-name remapped))
 304           (princ "'"))
 305         (when keys
 306           (princ (if remapped " which is bound to " "It is bound to "))
 307           ;; FIXME: This list can be very long (f.ex. for self-insert-command).
 308           (princ (mapconcat 'key-description keys ", ")))
 309         (when (or remapped keys)
 310           (princ ".")
 311           (terpri))))
 312     (let* ((arglist (help-function-arglist def))
 313            (doc (documentation function))
 314            (usage (help-split-fundoc doc function)))
 315       ;; If definition is a keymap, skip arglist note.
 316       (unless (keymapp def)
 317         (princ (cond
 318                 (usage (setq doc (cdr usage)) (car usage))
 319                 ((listp arglist) (help-make-usage function arglist))
 320                 ((stringp arglist) arglist)
 321                 ;; Maybe the arglist is in the docstring of the alias.
 322                 ((let ((fun function))
 323                    (while (and (symbolp fun)
 324                                (setq fun (symbol-function fun))
 325                                (not (setq usage (help-split-fundoc
 326                                                  (documentation fun)
 327                                                  function)))))
 328                    usage)
 329                  (car usage))
 330                 ((or (stringp def)
 331                      (vectorp def))
 332                  (format "\nMacro: %s" (format-kbd-macro def)))
 333                 (t "[Missing arglist.  Please make a bug report.]")))
 334         (terpri))
 335       (let ((obsolete (and
 336                        ;; function might be a lambda construct.
 337                        (symbolp function)
 338                        (get function 'byte-obsolete-info))))
 339         (when obsolete
 340           (terpri)
 341           (princ "This function is obsolete")
 342           (if (nth 2 obsolete) (princ (format " since %s" (nth 2 obsolete))))
 343           (princ ";") (terpri)
 344           (princ (if (stringp (car obsolete)) (car obsolete)
 345                    (format "use `%s' instead." (car obsolete))))
 346           (terpri)))
 347       (terpri)
 348       (princ (or doc "Not documented.")))))
 349
 350 \f
 351 ;; Variables
 352
 353 ;;;###autoload
 354 (defun variable-at-point ()
 355   "Return the bound variable symbol found around point.
 356 Return 0 if there is no such symbol."
 357   (condition-case ()
 358       (with-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table
 359         (save-excursion
 360           (or (not (zerop (skip-syntax-backward "_w")))
 361               (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?w)
 362               (eq (char-syntax (following-char)) ?_)
 363               (forward-sexp -1))
 364           (skip-chars-forward "'")
 365           (let ((obj (read (current-buffer))))
 366             (or (and (symbolp obj) (boundp obj) obj)
 367                 0))))
 368     (error 0)))
 369
 370 ;;;###autoload
 371 (defun describe-variable (variable &optional buffer)
 372   "Display the full documentation of VARIABLE (a symbol).
 373 Returns the documentation as a string, also.
 374 If VARIABLE has a buffer-local value in BUFFER (default to the current buffer),
 375 it is displayed along with the global value."
 376   (interactive
 377    (let ((v (variable-at-point))
 378          (enable-recursive-minibuffers t)
 379          val)
 380      (setq val (completing-read (if (symbolp v)
 381                                     (format
 382                                      "Describe variable (default %s): " v)
 383                                   "Describe variable: ")
 384                                 obarray 'boundp t nil nil
 385                                 (if (symbolp v) (symbol-name v))))
 386      (list (if (equal val "")
 387                v (intern val)))))
 388   (unless (buffer-live-p buffer) (setq buffer (current-buffer)))
 389   (if (not (symbolp variable))
 390       (message "You did not specify a variable")
 391     (save-excursion
 392       (let* ((valvoid (not (with-current-buffer buffer (boundp variable))))
 393              ;; Extract the value before setting up the output buffer,
 394              ;; in case `buffer' *is* the output buffer.
 395              (val (unless valvoid (buffer-local-value variable buffer))))
 396         (help-setup-xref (list #'describe-variable variable buffer)
 397                          (interactive-p))
 398         (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
 399           (with-current-buffer buffer
 400             (prin1 variable)
 401             (if valvoid
 402                 (princ " is void")
 403               (with-current-buffer standard-output
 404                 (princ "'s value is ")
 405                 (terpri)
 406                 (let ((from (point)))
 407                   (pp val)
 408                   (help-xref-on-pp from (point))
 409                   (if (< (point) (+ from 20))
 410                       (delete-region (1- from) from)))))
 411             (terpri)
 412             (when (local-variable-p variable)
 413               (princ (format "%socal in buffer %s; "
 414                              (if (get variable 'permanent-local)
 415                                  "Permanently l" "L")
 416                              (buffer-name)))
 417               (if (not (default-boundp variable))
 418                   (princ "globally void")
 419                 (let ((val (default-value variable)))
 420                   (with-current-buffer standard-output
 421                     (princ "global value is ")
 422                     (terpri)
 423                     ;; Fixme: pp can take an age if you happen to
 424                     ;; ask for a very large expression.  We should
 425                     ;; probably print it raw once and check it's a
 426                     ;; sensible size before prettyprinting.  -- fx
 427                     (let ((from (point)))
 428                       (pp val)
 429                       (help-xref-on-pp from (point))
 430                       (if (< (point) (+ from 20))
 431                         (delete-region (1- from) from))))))
 432               (terpri))
 433             (terpri)
 434             (with-current-buffer standard-output
 435               (when (> (count-lines (point-min) (point-max)) 10)
 436                 ;; Note that setting the syntax table like below
 437                 ;; makes forward-sexp move over a `'s' at the end
 438                 ;; of a symbol.
 439                 (set-syntax-table emacs-lisp-mode-syntax-table)
 440                 (goto-char (point-min))
 441                 (if valvoid
 442                     (forward-line 1)
 443                   (forward-sexp 1)
 444                   (delete-region (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
 445                   (insert " value is shown below.\n\n")
 446                   (save-excursion
 447                     (insert "\n\nValue:"))))
 448               ;; Add a note for variables that have been make-var-buffer-local.
 449               (when (and (local-variable-if-set-p variable)
 450                          (or (not (local-variable-p variable))
 451                              (with-temp-buffer
 452                                (local-variable-if-set-p variable))))
 453                 (save-excursion
 454                   (forward-line -1)
 455                   (insert "Automatically becomes buffer-local when set in any fashion.\n"))))
 456             ;; Mention if it's an alias
 457             (let* ((alias (condition-case nil
 458                              (indirect-variable variable)
 459                            (error variable)))
 460                    (obsolete (get variable 'byte-obsolete-variable))
 461                    (doc (or (documentation-property variable 'variable-documentation)
 462                             (documentation-property alias 'variable-documentation))))
 463               (unless (eq alias variable)
 464                 (princ (format "This variable is an alias for `%s'." alias))
 465                 (terpri)
 466                 (terpri))
 467               (when obsolete
 468                 (princ "This variable is obsolete")
 469                 (if (cdr obsolete) (princ (format " since %s" (cdr obsolete))))
 470                 (princ ";") (terpri)
 471                 (princ (if (stringp (car obsolete)) (car obsolete)
 472                          (format "use `%s' instead." (car obsolete))))
 473                 (terpri)
 474                 (terpri))
 475               (princ (or doc "Not documented as a variable.")))
 476             ;; Make a link to customize if this variable can be customized.
 477             (if (custom-variable-p variable)
 478                 (let ((customize-label "customize"))
 479                   (terpri)
 480                   (terpri)
 481                   (princ (concat "You can " customize-label " this variable."))
 482                   (with-current-buffer standard-output
 483                     (save-excursion
 484                       (re-search-backward
 485                        (concat "\\(" customize-label "\\)") nil t)
 486                       (help-xref-button 1 'help-customize-variable variable)))))
 487             ;; Make a hyperlink to the library if appropriate.  (Don't
 488             ;; change the format of the buffer's initial line in case
 489             ;; anything expects the current format.)
 490             (let ((file-name (symbol-file (cons 'defvar variable))))
 491               (when (equal file-name "loaddefs.el")
 492                 ;; Find the real def site of the preloaded variable.
 493                 (let ((location
 494                        (condition-case nil
 495                            (find-variable-noselect variable file-name)
 496                          (error nil))))
 497                   (when location
 498                     (with-current-buffer (car location)
 499                       (goto-char (cdr location))
 500                       (when (re-search-backward
 501                              "^;;; Generated autoloads from \\(.*\\)" nil t)
 502                         (setq file-name (match-string 1)))))))
 503               (when file-name
 504                 (princ "\n\nDefined in `")
 505                 (princ file-name)
 506                 (princ "'.")
 507                 (with-current-buffer standard-output
 508                   (save-excursion
 509                     (re-search-backward "`\\([^`']+\\)'" nil t)
 510                     (help-xref-button 1 'help-variable-def
 511                                       variable file-name)))))
 512
 513             (print-help-return-message)
 514             (save-excursion
 515               (set-buffer standard-output)
 516               ;; Return the text we displayed.
 517               (buffer-string))))))))
 518
 519
 520 ;;;###autoload
 521 (defun describe-syntax (&optional buffer)
 522   "Describe the syntax specifications in the syntax table of BUFFER.
 523 The descriptions are inserted in a help buffer, which is then displayed.
 524 BUFFER defaults to the current buffer."
 525   (interactive)
 526   (setq buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
 527   (help-setup-xref (list #'describe-syntax buffer) (interactive-p))
 528   (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
 529     (let ((table (with-current-buffer buffer (syntax-table))))
 530       (with-current-buffer standard-output
 531         (describe-vector table 'internal-describe-syntax-value)
 532         (while (setq table (char-table-parent table))
 533           (insert "\nThe parent syntax table is:")
 534           (describe-vector table 'internal-describe-syntax-value))))))
 535
 536 (defun help-describe-category-set (value)
 537   (insert (cond
 538            ((null value) "default")
 539            ((char-table-p value) "deeper char-table ...")
 540            (t (condition-case err
 541                   (category-set-mnemonics value)
 542                 (error "invalid"))))))
 543
 544 ;;;###autoload
 545 (defun describe-categories (&optional buffer)
 546   "Describe the category specifications in the current category table.
 547 The descriptions are inserted in a buffer, which is then displayed."
 548   (interactive)
 549   (setq buffer (or buffer (current-buffer)))
 550   (help-setup-xref (list #'describe-categories buffer) (interactive-p))
 551   (with-output-to-temp-buffer (help-buffer)
 552     (let ((table (with-current-buffer buffer (category-table))))
 553       (with-current-buffer standard-output
 554         (describe-vector table 'help-describe-category-set)
 555         (let ((docs (char-table-extra-slot table 0)))
 556           (if (or (not (vectorp docs)) (/= (length docs) 95))
 557               (insert "Invalid first extra slot in this char table\n")
 558             (insert "Meanings of mnemonic characters are:\n")
 559             (dotimes (i 95)
 560               (let ((elt (aref docs i)))
 561                 (when elt
 562                   (insert (+ i ?\ ) ": " elt "\n"))))
 563             (while (setq table (char-table-parent table))
 564               (insert "\nThe parent category table is:")
 565               (describe-vector table 'help-describe-category-set))))))))
 566
 567 (provide 'help-fns)
 568
 569 ;;; help-fns.el ends here