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[emacs.git] / man / reftex.texi

\input texinfo  @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ../info/reftex
@settitle RefTeX User Manual
@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* RefTeX: (reftex).     Emacs support for LaTeX cross-references and citations.
@end direntry
@synindex ky cp
@syncodeindex vr cp
@syncodeindex fn cp
@set VERSION 4.16
@set EDITION 4.16
@set DATE June 2001
@set AUTHOR Carsten Dominik
@set AUTHOR-EMAIL dominik@@astro.uva.nl
@set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik
@set MAINTAINER-EMAIL dominik@@astro.uva.nl
@c %**end of header
@finalout

@c Macro definitions

@c Subheadings inside a table.  Need a difference between info and the rest.
@macro tablesubheading{text}
@ifinfo
@subsubheading \text\
@end ifinfo
@ifnotinfo
@item @b{\text\}
@end ifnotinfo
@end macro

@ifinfo
This file documents @b{Ref@TeX{}}, a package to do labels, references,
citations and indices for LaTeX documents with Emacs.@refill

This is edition @value{EDITION} of the @b{Ref@TeX{}} User Manual for
@b{Ref@TeX{}} @value{VERSION}@refill

Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.  A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
License'' in the Emacs manual.

(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the Free
Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''

This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
Documentation License.  If you want to distribute this document
separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
@end ifinfo

@titlepage
@title Ref@TeX{} User Manual
@subtitle Support for LaTeX labels, references, citations and index entries with GNU Emacs
@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}

@author by Carsten Dominik
@page
Copyright @copyright{} 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

@sp 2
This is edition @value{EDITION} of the @cite{Ref@TeX{} User Manual} for
@b{Ref@TeX{}} version @value{VERSION}, @value{DATE}.@refill

@sp 2

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.  A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
License'' in the Emacs manual.

(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
this GNU Manual, like GNU software.  Copies published by the Free
Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''

This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
Documentation License.  If you want to distribute this document
separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
@end titlepage
@page

@ifnottex
@node Top,,,(dir)

@b{Ref@TeX{}} is a package for managing Labels, References,
Citations and index entries with GNU Emacs.@refill

Don't be discouraged by the size of this manual, which covers
@b{Ref@TeX{}} in great depth.  All you need to know to use
@b{Ref@TeX{}} can be summarized on two pages (@pxref{RefTeX in a
Nutshell}).  You can go back later to other parts of this document when
needed.@refill

@menu
* Introduction::                     Quick-Start information.

* Table of Contents::                A Tool to move around quickly.
* Labels and References::            Creating and referencing labels.
* Citations::                        Creating Citations.
* Index Support::                    Creating and Checking Index Entries.
* Viewing Cross-References::         Who references or cites what?

* RefTeXs Menu::                     The Ref menu in the menubar.
* Key Bindings::                      The default key bindings.
* Faces::                            Fontification of RefTeX's buffers.
* Multifile Documents::              Document spread over many files.
* Language Support::                 How to support other languages.
* Finding Files::                    Included TeX files and BibTeX .bib files.
* AUCTeX::                           Cooperation with AUCTeX.
* Optimizations::                    When RefTeX is too slow.
* Problems and Work-Arounds::        First Aid.
* Imprint::                          Author, Web-site, Thanks

* Commands::                         Which are the available commands.
* Options::                          How to extend and configure RefTeX.
* Keymaps and Hooks::                For customization.
* Changes::                          A List of recent changes to RefTeX.

The Index

* Index::                            The full index.

@detailmenu

Introduction

* Installation::                     How to install and activate RefTeX.
* RefTeX in a Nutshell::             A brief summary and quick guide.
 
Labels and References

* Creating Labels::
* Referencing Labels::
* Builtin Label Environments::       The environments RefTeX knows about.
* Defining Label Environments::        ... and environments it doesn't.
* Reference Info::                   View the label corresponding to a \ref.
* xr (LaTeX package)::               References to external documents.
* varioref (LaTeX package)::         How to create \vref instead of \ref.
* fancyref (LaTeX package)::         How to create \fref instead of \ref.

Defining Label Environments

* Theorem and Axiom::                Defined with @code{\newenvironment}.
* Quick Equation::                   When a macro sets the label type.
* Figure Wrapper::                   When a macro argument is a label.
* Adding Magic Words::               Other words for other languages.
* Using \eqref::                     How to switch to this AMS-LaTeX macro.
* Non-Standard Environments::        Environments without \begin and \end
* Putting it Together::              How to combine many entries.

Citations

* Creating Citations::               How to create them.
* Citation Styles::                  Natbib, Harvard, Chicago and Co.
* Citation Info::                    View the corresponding database entry.
* Chapterbib and Bibunits::          Multiple bibliographies in a Document.
* Citations Outside LaTeX::          How to make citations in Emails etc.

Index Support

* Creating Index Entries::           Macros and completion of entries.
* The Index Phrases File::           A special file for global indexing.
* Displaying and Editing the Index:: The index editor.
* Builtin Index Macros::             The index macros RefTeX knows about.
* Defining Index Macros::                ... and macros it  doesn't.

The Index Phrases File

* Collecting Phrases::               Collecting from document or external.
* Consistency Checks::               Check for duplicates etc.
* Global Indexing::                  The interactive indexing process.

AUCTeX

* AUCTeX-RefTeX Interface::          How both packages work together
* Style Files::                      AUCTeX's style files can support RefTeX
* Bib-Cite::                         Hypertext reading of a document

Options, Keymaps, Hooks

* Options (Table of Contents)::
* Options (Defining Label Environments)::
* Options (Creating Labels)::
* Options (Referencing Labels)::
* Options (Creating Citations)::
* Options (Index Support)::
* Options (Viewing Cross-References)::
* Options (Finding Files)::
* Options (Optimizations)::
* Options (Fontification)::
* Options (Misc)::

@end detailmenu
@end menu

@end ifnottex

@node Introduction, Table of Contents, , Top
@chapter Introduction
@cindex Introduction

@b{Ref@TeX{}} is a specialized package for support of labels,
references, citations, and the index in LaTeX.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} wraps
itself round 4 LaTeX macros: @code{\label}, @code{\ref}, @code{\cite},
and @code{\index}.  Using these macros usually requires looking up
different parts of the document and searching through BibTeX database
files.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} automates these time--consuming tasks almost
entirely.  It also provides functions to display the structure of a
document and to move around in this structure quickly.@refill

@iftex
Don't be discouraged by the size of this manual, which covers @b{Ref@TeX{}}
in great depth.  All you need to know to use @b{Ref@TeX{}} can be
summarized on two pages (@pxref{RefTeX in a Nutshell}).  You can go
back later to other parts of this document when needed.
@end iftex

@xref{Imprint}, for information about who to contact for help, bug
reports or suggestions.

@menu
* Installation::                     How to install and activate RefTeX.
* RefTeX in a Nutshell::             A brief summary and quick guide.
@end menu

@node Installation, RefTeX in a Nutshell, , Introduction
@section Installation
@cindex Installation

@b{Ref@TeX{}} is bundled and pre--installed with Emacs since version 20.2.
It was also bundled and pre--installed with XEmacs 19.16--20.x.  XEmacs
21.x users want to install the corresponding plug-in package which is
available from the
@uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/packages/,XEmacs ftp site}.  See
the XEmacs 21.x documentation on package installation for
details.@refill

Users of earlier Emacs distributions (including Emacs 19) can get a copy
of the @b{Ref@TeX{}} distribution from the maintainers web-page.
@xref{Imprint}, for more information.@refill

@section Environment
@cindex Finding files
@cindex BibTeX database files, not found
@cindex TeX files, not found
@cindex @code{TEXINPUTS}, environment variable
@cindex @code{BIBINPUTS}, environment variable

@b{Ref@TeX{}} needs to access all files which are part of a multifile
document, and the BibTeX database files requested by the
@code{\bibliography} command.  To find these files, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will
require a search path, i.e. a list of directories to check.  Normally
this list is stored in the environment variables @code{TEXINPUTS} and
@code{BIBINPUTS} which are also used by @b{Ref@TeX{}}.  However, on some
systems these variables do not contain the full search path.  If
@b{Ref@TeX{}} does not work for you because it cannot find some files,
read @ref{Finding Files}.

@section Entering @b{Ref@TeX{}} Mode

@findex turn-on-reftex
@findex reftex-mode
@vindex LaTeX-mode-hook
@vindex latex-mode-hook
To turn @b{Ref@TeX{}} Mode on and off in a particular buffer, use
@kbd{M-x reftex-mode}.  To turn on @b{Ref@TeX{}} Mode for all LaTeX
files, add the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file:@refill

@example
(add-hook 'LaTeX-mode-hook 'turn-on-reftex)   ; with AUCTeX LaTeX mode
(add-hook 'latex-mode-hook 'turn-on-reftex)   ; with Emacs latex mode
@end example

@page
@node RefTeX in a Nutshell, , Installation, Introduction
@section @b{Ref@TeX{}} in a Nutshell
@cindex Quick-Start
@cindex Getting Started
@cindex RefTeX in a Nutshell
@cindex Nutshell, RefTeX in a

@enumerate
@item
@b{Table of Contents}@* Typing @kbd{C-c =} (@code{reftex-toc}) will show
a table of contents of the document.  This buffer can display sections,
labels and index entries defined in the document.  From the buffer, you
can jump quickly to every part of your document.  Press @kbd{?} to get
help.@refill

@item
@b{Labels and References}@* @b{Ref@TeX{}} helps to create unique labels
and to find the correct key for references quickly.  It distinguishes
labels for different environments, knows about all standard
environments (and many others), and can be configured to recognize any
additional labeled environments you have defined yourself (variable
@code{reftex-label-alist}).@refill

@itemize @bullet
@item
@b{Creating Labels}@* 
Type @kbd{C-c (} (@code{reftex-label}) to insert a label at point.
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will either
@itemize @minus
@item
derive a label from context (default for section labels)
@item
prompt for a label string (default for figures and tables) or
@item 
insert a simple label made of a prefix and a number (all other
environments)@refill
@end itemize
@noindent
Which labels are created how is configurable with the variable
@code{reftex-insert-label-flags}.@refill

@item
@b{Referencing Labels}@* To make a reference, type @kbd{C-c )}
(@code{reftex-reference}).  This shows an outline of the document with
all labels of a certain type (figure, equation,...) and some label
context.  Selecting a label inserts a @code{\ref@{@var{label}@}} macro
into the original buffer.@refill
@end itemize

@item
@b{Citations}@*
Typing @kbd{C-c [} (@code{reftex-citation}) will let you specify a
regular expression to search in current BibTeX database files (as
specified in the @code{\bibliography} command) and pull out a list of
matches for you to choose from.  The list is @emph{formatted} and
sorted.  The selected article is referenced as @samp{\cite@{@var{key}@}}
(see the variable @code{reftex-cite-format} if you want to insert
different macros).@refill

@item
@b{Index Support}@*
@b{Ref@TeX{}} helps to enter index entries.  It also compiles all
entries into an alphabetically sorted @file{*Index*} buffer which you
can use to check and edit the entries.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} knows about the
standard index macros and can be configured to recognize any additional
macros you have defined (@code{reftex-index-macros}).  Multiple indices
are supported.@refill

@itemize @bullet
@item
@b{Creating Index Entries}@*
To index the current selection or the word at point, type @kbd{C-c /}
(@code{reftex-index-selection-or-word}).  The default macro
@code{reftex-index-default-macro} will be used.  For a more complex entry
type @kbd{C-c <} (@code{reftex-index}), select any of the index macros
and enter the arguments with completion.@refill

@item
@b{The Index Phrases File (Delayed Indexing)}@*
Type @kbd{C-c \} (@code{reftex-index-phrase-selection-or-word}) to add
the current word or selection to a special @emph{index phrase file}.
@b{Ref@TeX{}} can later search the document for occurrences of these
phrases and let you interactively index the matches.@refill

@item
@b{Displaying and Editing the Index}@*
To display the compiled index in a special buffer, type @kbd{C-c >}
(@code{reftex-display-index}).  From that buffer you can check and edit
all entries.@refill
@end itemize

@page
@item @b{Viewing Cross-References}@*
When point is on the @var{key} argument of a cross--referencing macro
(@code{\label}, @code{\ref}, @code{\cite}, @code{\bibitem},
@code{\index}, and variations) or inside a BibTeX database entry, you
can press @kbd{C-c &} (@code{reftex-view-crossref}) to display
corresponding locations in the document and associated BibTeX database
files.@refill @*
When the enclosing macro is @code{\cite} or @code{\ref} and no other
message occupies the echo area, information about the citation or label
will automatically be displayed in the echo area.@refill

@item
@b{Multifile Documents}@*
Multifile Documents are fully supported.  The included files must have a
file variable @code{TeX-master} or @code{tex-main-file} pointing to the
master file.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} provides cross-referencing information from
all parts of the document, and across document borders
(@file{xr.sty}).@refill

@item
@b{Document Parsing}@* @b{Ref@TeX{}} needs to parse the document in
order to find labels and other information.  It does it automatically
once and updates its list internally when @code{reftex-label} and
@code{reftex-index} are used.  To enforce reparsing, call any of the
commands described above with a raw @kbd{C-u} prefix, or press the
@kbd{r} key in the label selection buffer, the table of contents
buffer, or the index buffer.@refill

@item
@b{AUCTeX} @* If your major LaTeX mode is AUCTeX, @b{Ref@TeX{}} can
cooperate with it (see variable @code{reftex-plug-into-AUCTeX}).  AUCTeX
contains style files which trigger appropriate settings in
@b{Ref@TeX{}}, so that for many of the popular LaTeX packages no
additional customizations will be necessary.@refill

@item
@b{Useful Settings}@* To make @b{Ref@TeX{}} faster for large documents,
try these:@refill
@lisp
(setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t)
(setq reftex-save-parse-info t)
(setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t)
@end lisp

To integrate with AUCTeX, use
@lisp
(setq reftex-plug-into-AUCTeX t)
@end lisp

To make your own LaTeX macro definitions known to @b{Ref@TeX{}},
customize the variables@refill
@example
@code{reftex-label-alist}          @r{(for label macros/environments)}
@code{reftex-section-levels}       @r{(for sectioning commands)}
@code{reftex-cite-format}          @r{(for @code{\cite}-like macros)}
@code{reftex-index-macros}         @r{(for @code{\index}-like macros)}
@code{reftex-index-default-macro}  @r{(to set the default macro)}
@end example
If you have a large number of macros defined, you may want to write
an AUCTeX style file to support them with both AUCTeX and
@b{Ref@TeX{}}.@refill

@item @b{Where Next?}@* Go ahead and use @b{Ref@TeX{}}.  Use its menus
until you have picked up the key bindings.  For an overview of what you
can do in each of the different special buffers, press @kbd{?}.  Read
the manual if you get stuck, of if you are curious what else might be
available.  The first part of the manual explains in
a tutorial way how to use and customize @b{Ref@TeX{}}.  The second
part is a command and variable reference.@refill  
@end enumerate

@node Table of Contents, Labels and References, Introduction, Top
@chapter Table of Contents
@cindex @file{*toc*} buffer
@cindex Table of contents buffer
@findex reftex-toc
@kindex C-c =

Pressing the keys @kbd{C-c =} pops up a buffer showing the table of
contents of the document.  By default, this @file{*toc*} buffer shows
only the sections of a document.  Using the @kbd{l} and @kbd{i} keys you
can display all labels and index entries defined in the document as
well.@refill

With the cursor in any of the lines denoting a location in the
document, simple key strokes will display the corresponding part in
another window, jump to that location, or perform other actions.@refill

@kindex ?
Here is a list of special commands in the @file{*toc*} buffer.  A
summary of this information is always available by pressing
@kbd{?}.@refill

@table @kbd

@tablesubheading{General}
@item ?
Display a summary of commands.

@item 0-9, -
Prefix argument.

@tablesubheading{Moving around}
@item n
Goto next entry in the table of context.

@item p
Goto previous entry in the table of context.

@item C-c C-n
Goto next section heading.  Useful when many labels and index entries
separate section headings.@refill

@item C-c C-p
Goto previous section heading.

@item N z
Jump to section N, using the prefix arg.  For example, @kbd{3 z} jumps
to section 3.@refill

@tablesubheading{Access to document locations}
@item @key{SPC}
Show the corresponding location in another window.  This command does
@emph{not} select that other window.@refill

@item @key{TAB}
Goto the location in another window.

@item @key{RET}
Go to the location and hide the @file{*toc*} buffer.  This will restore
the window configuration before @code{reftex-toc} (@kbd{C-c =}) was
called.@refill

@item mouse-2
@vindex reftex-highlight-selection
Clicking with mouse button 2 on a line has the same effect as @key{RET}.
See also variable @code{reftex-highlight-selection}, @ref{Options
(Fontification)}.@refill

@item f
@vindex reftex-toc-follow-mode
@vindex reftex-revisit-to-follow
Toggle follow mode.  When follow mode is active, the other window will
always show the location corresponding to the line at point in the
@file{*toc*} buffer.  This is similar to pressing @key{SPC} after each
cursor motion.  The default for this flag can be set with the variable
@code{reftex-toc-follow-mode}.  Note that only context in files already
visited is shown.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} will not visit a file just for follow
mode.  See, however, the variable
@code{reftex-revisit-to-follow}.@refill

@item .
Show calling point in another window.  This is the point from where
@code{reftex-toc} was last called.

@tablesubheading{Exiting}
@item q
Hide the @file{*toc*} buffer, return to the position where
@code{reftex-toc} was last called.@refill

@item k
Kill the @file{*toc*} buffer, return to the position where
@code{reftex-toc} was last called.@refill

@item C-c >
Switch to the @file{*Index*} buffer of this document.  With prefix
@samp{2}, restrict the index to the section at point in the @file{*toc*} 
buffer.

@tablesubheading{Controlling what gets displayed}

@item t
@vindex reftex-toc-max-level
Change the maximum level of toc entries displayed in the @file{*toc*}
buffer.  Without prefix arg, all levels will be included.  With prefix
arg (e.g @kbd{3 t}), ignore all toc entries with level greater than
@var{arg} (3 in this case).  Chapters are level 1, sections are level 2.
The mode line @samp{T<>} indicator shows the current value.  The default
depth can be configured with the variable
@code{reftex-toc-max-level}.@refill

@item F
@vindex reftex-toc-include-file-boundaries
Toggle the display of the file borders of a multifile document in the
@file{*toc*} buffer.  The default for this flag can be set with the
variable @code{reftex-toc-include-file-boundaries}.@refill

@item l
@vindex reftex-toc-include-labels
Toggle the display of labels in the @file{*toc*} buffer.  The default
for this flag can be set with the variable
@code{reftex-toc-include-labels}.  When called with a prefix argument,
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will prompt for a label type and include only labels of
the selected type in the @file{*toc*} buffer.  The mode line @samp{L<>}
indicator shows which labels are included.@refill

@item i
@vindex reftex-toc-include-index-entries
Toggle the display of index entries in the @file{*toc*} buffer.  The
default for this flag can be set with the variable
@code{reftex-toc-include-index-entries}.  When called with a prefix
argument, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will prompt for a specific index and include
only entries in the selected index in the @file{*toc*} buffer.  The mode 
line @samp{I<>} indicator shows which index is used.@refill

@item c
@vindex reftex-toc-include-context
Toggle the display of label and index context in the @file{*toc*}
buffer.  The default for this flag can be set with the variable
@code{reftex-toc-include-context}.@refill

@tablesubheading{Updating the buffer}

@item g
Rebuild the @file{*toc*} buffer.  This does @emph{not} rescan the
document.@refill

@item r
@vindex reftex-enable-partial-scans
Reparse the LaTeX document and rebuild the @file{*toc*} buffer.  When
@code{reftex-enable-partial-scans} is non-nil, rescan only the file this
location is defined in, not the entire document.@refill

@item C-u r
Reparse the @emph{entire} LaTeX document and rebuild the @file{*toc*}
buffer.@refill

@item x
Switch to the @file{*toc*} buffer of an external document.  When the
current document is using the @code{xr} package (@pxref{xr (LaTeX
package)}), @b{Ref@TeX{}} will switch to one of the external
documents.@refill

@end table

@vindex reftex-toc-map
In order to define additional commands for the @file{*toc*} buffer, the
keymap @code{reftex-toc-map} may be used.@refill

@cindex Sectioning commands
@cindex KOMA-Script, LaTeX classes
@cindex LaTeX classes, KOMA-Script
@cindex TOC entries for environments
@vindex reftex-section-levels
The section macros recognized by @b{Ref@TeX{}} are all LaTeX section
macros (from @code{\part} to @code{\subsubparagraph}) and the commands
@code{\addchap} and @code{\addsec} from the KOMA-Script classes.
Additional macros can be configured with the variable
@code{reftex-section-levels}.  It is also possible to add certain LaTeX
environments to the table of contents.  This is probably only useful for
theorem-like environments. @xref{Defining Label Environments}, for an
example.

@node Labels and References, Citations, Table of Contents, Top
@chapter Labels and References
@cindex Labels in LaTeX
@cindex References in LaTeX
@cindex Label category
@cindex Label environment
@cindex @code{\label}

LaTeX provides a powerful mechanism to deal with cross--references in a
document.  When writing a document, any part of it can be marked with a
label, like @samp{\label@{mark@}}.  LaTeX records the current value of a
certain counter when a label is defined.  Later references to this label
(like @samp{\ref@{mark@}}) will produce the recorded value of the
counter.@refill

Labels can be used to mark sections, figures, tables, equations,
footnotes, items in enumerate lists etc.  LaTeX is context sensitive in
doing this: A label defined in a figure environment automatically
records the figure counter, not the section counter.@refill

Several different environments can share a common counter and therefore
a common label category.  E.g.  labels in both @code{equation} and
@code{eqnarray} environments record the value of the same counter - the
equation counter.@refill

@menu
* Creating Labels::
* Referencing Labels::
* Builtin Label Environments::       The environments RefTeX knows about.
* Defining Label Environments::        ... and environments it doesn't.
* Reference Info::                   View the label corresponding to a \ref.
* xr (LaTeX package)::               References to external documents.
* varioref (LaTeX package)::         How to create \vref instead of \ref.
* fancyref (LaTeX package)::         How to create \fref instead of \ref.
@end menu

@node Creating Labels, Referencing Labels, , Labels and References
@section Creating Labels
@cindex Creating labels
@cindex Labels, creating
@cindex Labels, deriving from context
@kindex C-c (
@findex reftex-label

In order to create a label in a LaTeX document, press @kbd{C-c (}
(@code{reftex-label}).  Just like LaTeX, @b{Ref@TeX{}} is context sensitive
and will figure out the environment it currently is in and adapt the
label to that environment.  A label usually consists of a short prefix
indicating the type of the label and a unique mark.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} has
3 different modes to create this mark.@refill

@enumerate
@item
@vindex reftex-translate-to-ascii-function
@vindex reftex-derive-label-parameters
@vindex reftex-label-illegal-re
@vindex reftex-abbrev-parameters
A label can be derived from context.  This means, @b{Ref@TeX{}} takes
the context of the label definition and constructs a label from
that@footnote{Note that the context may contain constructs which are
illegal in labels.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} will therefore strip the accent from
accented Latin-1 characters and remove everything else which is not
legal in labels.  This mechanism is safe, but may not be satisfactory
for non-western languages.  Check the following variables if you need to
change things: @code{reftex-translate-to-ascii-function},
@code{reftex-derive-label-parameters}, @code{reftex-label-illegal-re},
@code{reftex-abbrev-parameters}.}.  This works best for section labels,
where the section heading is used to construct a label.  In fact,
@b{Ref@TeX{}}'s default settings use this method only for section
labels.  You will be asked to confirm the derived label, or edit
it.@refill

@item
We may also use a simple unique number to identify a label.  This is
mostly useful for labels where it is difficult to come up with a very
good descriptive name.  @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s default settings use this method
for equations, enumerate items and footnotes.  The author of @b{Ref@TeX{}}
tends to write documents with many equations and finds it impossible
to come up with good names for each of them.  These simple labels are
inserted without query, and are therefore very fast.  Good descriptive
names are not really necessary as @b{Ref@TeX{}} will provide context to
reference a label (@pxref{Referencing Labels}).@refill

@item
The third method is to ask the user for a label.  This is most
useful for things which are easy to describe briefly and do not turn up
too frequently in a document.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} uses this for figures and
tables.  Of course, one can enter the label directly by typing the full
@samp{\label@{mark@}}.  The advantage of using @code{reftex-label}
anyway is that @b{Ref@TeX{}} will know that a new label has been defined.
It will then not be necessary to rescan the document in order to access
this label later.@refill
@end enumerate

@vindex reftex-insert-label-flags
If you want to change the way certain labels are created, check out the
variable @code{reftex-insert-label-flags} (@pxref{Options (Creating
Labels)}).@refill

If you are using AUCTeX to write your LaTeX documents, you can
set it up to delegate the creation of labels to
@b{Ref@TeX{}}. @xref{AUCTeX}, for more information.

@node Referencing Labels, Builtin Label Environments, Creating Labels, Labels and References
@section Referencing Labels
@cindex Referencing labels
@cindex Labels, referencing
@cindex Selection buffer, labels
@cindex Selection process
@cindex @code{\ref}
@kindex C-c )
@findex reftex-reference

Referencing Labels is really at the heart of @b{Ref@TeX{}}.  Press @kbd{C-c
)} in order to reference a label (reftex-reference).  This will start a
selection process and finally insert the complete @samp{\ref@{label@}}
into the buffer.@refill

First, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will determine the label category which is required.
Often that can be figured out from context.  For example, if you
write @samp{As shown in eq.} and the press @kbd{C-c )}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} knows
that an equation label is going to be referenced.  If it cannot figure
out what label category is needed, it will query for one.@refill

You will then be presented with a label selection menu.  This is a
special buffer which contains an outline of the document along with all
labels of the given label category.  In addition, next to the label
there will be one line of context of the label definition, which is some
text in the buffer near the label definition.  Usually this is
sufficient to identify the label.  If you are unsure about a certain
label, pressing @key{SPC} will show the label definition point in
another window.@refill

In order to reference a label, move to cursor to the correct label and
press @key{RET}.  You can also reference several labels with a single
call to @code{reftex-reference} by marking entries with the @kbd{m}
key (see below).

@kindex ?
Here is a list of special commands in the selection buffer.  A summary
of this information is always available from the selection process by
pressing @kbd{?}.@refill



@table @kbd
@tablesubheading{General}
@item ?
Show a summary of available commands.

@item 0-9,-
Prefix argument.

@tablesubheading{Moving around}
@item n
Go to next label.

@item p
Go to previous label.

@item b
Jump back to the position where you last left the selection buffer.
Normally this should get you back to the last referenced label.@refill

@item C-c C-n
Goto next section heading.

@item C-c C-p
Goto previous section heading.

@item N z
Jump to section N, using the prefix arg.  For example @kbd{3 z} jumps to 
section 3.@refill

@tablesubheading{Displaying Context}
@item @key{SPC}
Show the surroundings of the definition of the current label in another
window.  See also the @kbd{f} key.@refill

@item f
@vindex reftex-revisit-to-follow
Toggle follow mode.  When follow mode is active, the other window will
always display the full context of the current label.  This is similar
to pressing @key{SPC} after each cursor motion.  Note that only context
in files already visited is shown.  @b{RefTeX} will not visit a file
just for follow mode.  See, however, the variable
@code{reftex-revisit-to-follow}.@refill

@item .
Show insertion point in another window.  This is the point from where you
called @code{reftex-reference}.@refill

@tablesubheading{Selecting a label and creating the reference}
@item @key{RET}
Insert a reference to the label at point into the buffer from which the
selection process was started.  When entries have been marked, @key{RET}
references all marked labels.@refill

@item mouse-2
@vindex reftex-highlight-selection
Clicking with mouse button 2 on a label will accept it like @key{RET}
would. See also variable @code{reftex-highlight-selection}, @ref{Options
(Misc)}.@refill

@vindex reftex-multiref-punctuation
@item m - + ,
Mark the current entry.  When several entries have been marked, pressing
@kbd{RET} will accept all of them and place them into several
@code{\ref} macros.  The special markers @samp{,-+} also store a
separator to be inserted before the corresponding reference.  So marking
six entries with the keys @samp{m , , - , +} will give a reference list
like this (see the variable @code{reftex-multiref-punctuation})
@example
In eqs. (1), (2), (3)--(4), (5) and (6)
@end example

@item u
Unmark a marked entry.

@c FIXME: Do we need `A' as well for consistency?
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{saferef}
@cindex @code{saferef}, LaTeX package
@item a
Accept the marked entries and put all labels as a comma-separated list
into one @emph{single} @code{\ref} macro.  Some packages like
@file{saferef.sty} support multiple references in this way.@refill

@item l
Use the last referenced label(s) again.  This is equivalent to moving to
that label and pressing @key{RET}.@refill

@item @key{TAB}
Enter a label with completion.  This may also be a label which does not
yet exist in the document.

@item v
@cindex @code{varioref}, LaTeX package
@cindex @code{\vref}
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{varioref}
Toggle between @code{\ref} and @code{\vref} macro for references.  The
@code{\vref} macro is defined in the @code{varioref} LaTeX package.
With this key you can force @b{Ref@TeX{}} to insert a @code{\vref}
macro.  The current state of this flag is displayed by the @samp{S<>}
indicator in the mode line of the selection buffer.@refill

@item V
@cindex @code{fancyref}, LaTeX package
@cindex @code{\fref}
@cindex @code{\Fref}
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{fancyref}
Cycle between @code{\ref}, @code{\fref} and @code{\Fref}.  The
@code{\fref} and @code{\Fref} macros are defined in the @code{fancyref}
LaTeX package.  With this key you can force @b{Ref@TeX{}} to insert a
@code{\fref} or @code{\Fref} macro.  The current state of this flag is
displayed by the @samp{S<>} indicator in the mode line of the
selection buffer.

@tablesubheading{Exiting}

@item q
Exit the selection process without inserting any reference into the
buffer.@refill

@tablesubheading{Controlling what gets displayed}
@vindex reftex-label-menu-flags
The defaults for the following flags can be configured with the variable 
@code{reftex-label-menu-flags} (@pxref{Options (Referencing Labels)}).

@item c
Toggle the display of the one-line label definition context in the
selection buffer.@refill

@item F
Toggle the display of the file borders of a multifile document in the
selection buffer.@refill

@item t
Toggle the display of the table of contents in the selection buffer.
With prefix @var{arg}, change the maximum level of toc entries displayed 
to @var{arg}.  Chapters are level 1, section are level 2.@refill

@item #
Toggle the display of a label counter in the selection buffer.@refill

@item %
Toggle the display of labels hidden in comments in the selection
buffers.  Sometimes, you may have commented out parts of your document.
If these parts contain label definitions, @b{Ref@TeX{}} can still display
and reference these labels.@refill

@tablesubheading{Updating the buffer}
@item g
Update the menu.  This will rebuilt the menu from the internal label
list, but not reparse the document (see @kbd{r}).@refill

@item r
@vindex reftex-enable-partial-scans
Reparse the document to update the information on all labels and rebuild
the menu.  If the variable @code{reftex-enable-partial-scans} is
non-@code{nil} and your document is a multifile document, this will
reparse only a part of the document (the file in which the label at
point was defined).@refill

@item C-u r
Reparse the @emph{entire} document.

@item s
Switch the label category.  After prompting for another label category,
a menu for that category will be shown.@refill

@item x
Reference a label from an external document.  With the LaTeX package
@code{xr} it is possible to reference labels defined in another
document.  This key will switch to the label menu of an external
document and let you select a label from there (@pxref{xr (LaTeX
package),,xr}).@refill

@end table

@vindex reftex-select-label-map
In order to define additional commands for the selection process, the
keymap @code{reftex-select-label-map} may be used.@refill

@node Builtin Label Environments, Defining Label Environments, Referencing Labels, Labels and References
@section Builtin Label Environments
@cindex Builtin label environments
@cindex Label environments, builtin
@cindex Environments, builtin
@vindex reftex-label-alist
@vindex reftex-label-alist-builtin

@b{Ref@TeX{}} needs to be aware of the environments which can be referenced
with a label (i.e. which carry their own counters).  By default, @b{Ref@TeX{}}
recognizes all labeled environments and macros discussed in @cite{The
LaTeX Companion by Goossens, Mittelbach & Samarin, Addison-Wesley
1994.}.  These are:@refill

@itemize @minus
@item
@cindex @code{figure}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{figure*}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{table}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{table*}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{equation}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{eqnarray}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{enumerate}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{\footnote}, LaTeX macro
@cindex LaTeX macro @code{footnote}
@cindex LaTeX core
@code{figure}, @code{figure*}, @code{table}, @code{table*}, @code{equation},
@code{eqnarray}, @code{enumerate}, the @code{\footnote} macro (this is
the LaTeX core stuff)@refill
@item
@cindex AMS-LaTeX
@cindex @code{amsmath}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{amsmath}
@cindex @code{align}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{gather}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{multline}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{flalign}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{alignat}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{xalignat}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{xxalignat}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{subequations}, AMS-LaTeX environment
@code{align}, @code{gather}, @code{multline}, @code{flalign},
@code{alignat}, @code{xalignat}, @code{xxalignat}, @code{subequations}
(from AMS-LaTeX's @file{amsmath.sty} package)@refill
@item
@cindex @code{endnote}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{endnote}
@cindex @code{\endnote}, LaTeX macro
the @code{\endnote} macro (from @file{endnotes.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{fancybox}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{fancybox}
@cindex @code{Beqnarray}, LaTeX environment
@code{Beqnarray} (@file{fancybox.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{floatfig}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{floatfig}
@cindex @code{floatingfig}, LaTeX environment
@code{floatingfig} (@file{floatfig.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{longtable}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{longtable}
@cindex @code{longtable}, LaTeX environment
@code{longtable} (@file{longtable.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{picinpar}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{picinpar}
@cindex @code{figwindow}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{tabwindow}, LaTeX environment
@code{figwindow}, @code{tabwindow} (@file{picinpar.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{sidecap}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{sidecap}
@cindex @code{SCfigure}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{SCtable}, LaTeX environment
@code{SCfigure}, @code{SCtable} (@file{sidecap.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{rotating}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{rotating}
@cindex @code{sidewaysfigure}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{sidewaystable}, LaTeX environment
@code{sidewaysfigure}, @code{sidewaystable} (@file{rotating.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{subfig}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{subfigure}
@cindex @code{subfigure}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{subfigure*}, LaTeX environment
@code{subfigure}, @code{subfigure*}, the @code{\subfigure} macro
(@file{subfigure.sty})@refill
@item
@cindex @code{supertab}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{supertab}
@cindex @code{supertabular}, LaTeX environment
@code{supertabular} (@file{supertab.sty})
@item
@cindex @code{wrapfig}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{wrapfig}
@cindex @code{wrapfigure}, LaTeX environment
@code{wrapfigure} (@file{wrapfig.sty})
@end itemize

If you want to use other labeled environments, defined with
@code{\newtheorem}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} needs to be configured to recognize
them (@pxref{Defining Label Environments}).@refill

@node Defining Label Environments, Reference Info, Builtin Label Environments, Labels and References
@section Defining Label Environments
@cindex Label environments, defining

@vindex reftex-label-alist
@b{Ref@TeX{}} can be configured to recognize additional labeled
environments and macros.  This is done with the variable
@code{reftex-label-alist} (@pxref{Options (Defining Label
Environments)}).  If you are not familiar with Lisp, you can use the
@code{custom} library to configure this rather complex variable.  To do
this, use

@example
@kbd{M-x customize-variable @key{RET} reftex-label-alist @key{RET}}
@end example

@vindex reftex-label-alist-builtin
Here we will discuss a few examples, in order to make things clearer.
It can also be instructive to look at the constant
@code{reftex-label-alist-builtin} which contains the entries for
all the builtin environments and macros (@pxref{Builtin Label
Environments}).@refill

@menu
* Theorem and Axiom::                Defined with @code{\newenvironment}.
* Quick Equation::                   When a macro sets the label type.
* Figure Wrapper::                   When a macro argument is a label.
* Adding Magic Words::               Other words for other languages.
* Using \eqref::                     How to switch to this AMS-LaTeX macro.
* Non-Standard Environments::        Environments without \begin and \end
* Putting it Together::              How to combine many entries.
@end menu

@node Theorem and Axiom, Quick Equation, , Defining Label Environments
@subsection Theorem and Axiom Environments
@cindex @code{theorem}, newtheorem
@cindex @code{axiom}, newtheorem
@cindex @code{\newtheorem}

Suppose you are using @code{\newtheorem} in LaTeX in order to define two
new environments, @code{theorem} and @code{axiom}@refill

@example
\newtheorem@{axiom@}@{Axiom@}
\newtheorem@{theorem@}@{Theorem@}
@end example

@noindent
to be used like this:

@example
\begin@{axiom@}
\label@{ax:first@}
  ....
\end@{axiom@}
@end example

So we need to tell @b{Ref@TeX{}} that @code{theorem} and @code{axiom} are new
labeled environments which define their own label categories.  We can
either use Lisp to do this (e.g. in @file{.emacs}) or use the custom
library.  With Lisp it would look like this

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist
   '(("axiom"   ?a "ax:"  "~\\ref@{%s@}" nil ("axiom"   "ax.") -2)
     ("theorem" ?h "thr:" "~\\ref@{%s@}" t   ("theorem" "th.") -3)))
@end lisp

The type indicator characters @code{?a} and @code{?h} are used for
prompts when @b{Ref@TeX{}} queries for a label type.  @code{?h}
was chosen for @code{theorem} since @code{?t} is already taken by
@code{table}.  Note that also @code{?s}, @code{?f}, @code{?e},
@code{?i}, @code{?n} are already used for standard environments.@refill

@noindent
The labels for Axioms and Theorems will have the prefixes @samp{ax:} and
@samp{thr:}, respectively.  @xref{AUCTeX}, for information on how
AUCTeX can use @b{Ref@TeX{}} to automatically create labels when a new
environment is inserted into a buffer.@refill

@noindent
The @samp{~\ref@{%s@}} is a format string indicating how to insert
references to these labels.@refill

@noindent
The next item indicates how to grab context of the label definition.@refill
@itemize @minus
@item
@code{t} means to get it from a default location (from the beginning of
a @code{\macro} or after the @code{\begin} statement).  @code{t} is
@emph{not} a good choice for eqnarray and similar environments.@refill
@item
@code{nil} means to use the text right after the label definition.@refill
@item
For more complex ways of getting context, see the variable
@code{reftex-label-alist} (@ref{Options (Defining Label
Environments)}).@refill
@end itemize

The following list of strings is used to guess the correct label type
from the word before point when creating a reference.  E.g. if you
write: @samp{As we have shown in Theorem} and then press @kbd{C-c )},
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will know that you are looking for a theorem label and
restrict the menu to only these labels without even asking.@refill

The final item in each entry is the level at which the environment
should produce entries in the table of context buffer.  If the number is
positive, the environment will produce numbered entries (like
@code{\section}), if it is negative the entries will be unnumbered (like
@code{\section*}).  Use this only for environments which structure the
document similar to sectioning commands.  For everything else, omit the
item.@refill

To do the same configuration with @code{customize}, you need to click on
the @code{[INS]} button twice to create two templates and fill them in
like this:@refill

@example
Reftex Label Alist: [Hide]
[INS] [DEL] Package or Detailed   : [Value Menu] Detailed:
            Environment or \macro : [Value Menu] String: axiom
            Type specification    : [Value Menu] Char  : a
            Label prefix string   : [Value Menu] String: ax:
            Label reference format: [Value Menu] String: ~\ref@{%s@}
            Context method        : [Value Menu] After label
            Magic words:
              [INS] [DEL] String: axiom
              [INS] [DEL] String: ax.
              [INS]
            [X] Make TOC entry    : [Value Menu] Level: -2
[INS] [DEL] Package or Detailed   : [Value Menu] Detailed:
            Environment or \macro : [Value Menu] String: theorem
            Type specification    : [Value Menu] Char  : h
            Label prefix string   : [Value Menu] String: thr:
            Label reference format: [Value Menu] String: ~\ref@{%s@}
            Context method        : [Value Menu] Default position
            Magic words:
              [INS] [DEL] String: theorem
              [INS] [DEL] String: theor.
              [INS] [DEL] String: th.
              [INS]
            [X] Make TOC entry    : [Value Menu] Level: -3
@end example

@vindex reftex-insert-label-flags
@vindex reftex-label-menu-flags
Depending on how you would like the label insertion and selection for
the new environments to work, you might want to add the letters @samp{a}
and @samp{h} to some of the flags in the variables
@code{reftex-insert-label-flags} (@pxref{Options (Creating Labels)})
and @code{reftex-label-menu-flags} (@pxref{Options (Referencing
Labels)}).@refill


@node Quick Equation, Figure Wrapper, Theorem and Axiom , Defining Label Environments
@subsection Quick Equation Macro
@cindex Quick equation macro
@cindex Macros as environment wrappers

Suppose you would like to have a macro for quick equations.  It
could be defined like this:

@example
\newcommand@{\quickeq@}[1]@{\begin@{equation@} #1 \end@{equation@}@}
@end example

@noindent
and used like this:

@example
Einstein's equation is \quickeq@{E=mc^2 \label@{eq:einstein@}@}.
@end example

We need to tell @b{Ref@TeX{}} that any label defined in the argument of the
@code{\quickeq} is an equation label.  Here is how to do this with lisp:

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist '(("\\quickeq@{@}" ?e nil nil 1 nil)))
@end lisp

The first element in this list is now the macro with empty braces as an
@emph{image} of the macro arguments.  @code{?e} indicates that this is
an equation label, the different @code{nil} elements indicate to use the
default values for equations.  The @samp{1} as the fifth element
indicates that the context of the label definition should be the 1st
argument of the macro.@refill

Here is again how this would look in the customization buffer:

@example
Reftex Label Alist: [Hide]
[INS] [DEL] Package or Detailed   : [Value Menu] Detailed:
            Environment or \macro : [Value Menu] String: \quickeq@{@}
            Type specification    : [Value Menu] Char  : e
            Label prefix string   : [Value Menu] Default
            Label reference format: [Value Menu] Default
            Context method        : [Value Menu] Macro arg nr: 1
            Magic words:
              [INS]
            [ ] Make TOC entry    : [Value Menu] No entry
@end example

@node Figure Wrapper, Adding Magic Words, Quick Equation, Defining Label Environments
@subsection Figure Wrapping Macro
@cindex Macros as environment wrappers
@cindex Figure wrapping macro

Suppose you want to make figures not directly with the figure
environment, but with a macro like

@example
\newcommand@{\myfig@}[5][tbp]@{%
  \begin@{figure@}[#1]
    \epsimp[#5]@{#2@}
    \caption@{#3@}
    \label@{#4@}
  \end@{figure@}@}
@end example

@noindent
which would be called like

@example
\myfig[htp]@{filename@}@{caption text@}@{label@}@{1@}
@end example

Now we need to tell @b{Ref@TeX{}} that the 4th argument of the
@code{\myfig} macro @emph{is itself} a figure label, and where to find
the context.@refill

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist
      '(("\\myfig[]@{@}@{@}@{*@}@{@}" ?f nil nil 3)))
@end lisp

The empty pairs of brackets indicate the different arguments of the
@code{\myfig} macro. The @samp{*} marks the label argument.  @code{?f}
indicates that this is a figure label which will be listed together with
labels from normal figure environments.  The @code{nil} entries for
prefix and reference format mean to use the defaults for figure labels.
The @samp{3} for the context method means to grab the 3rd macro argument
- the caption.@refill

As a side effect of this configuration, @code{reftex-label} will now
insert the required naked label (without the @code{\label} macro) when
point is directly after the opening parenthesis of a @code{\myfig} macro
argument.@refill

Again, here the configuration in the customization buffer:

@example
[INS] [DEL] Package or Detailed   : [Value Menu] Detailed:
            Environment or \macro : [Value Menu] String: \myfig[]@{@}@{@}@{*@}@{@}
            Type specification    : [Value Menu] Char  : f 
            Label prefix string   : [Value Menu] Default
            Label reference format: [Value Menu] Default
            Context method        : [Value Menu] Macro arg nr: 3
            Magic words:
              [INS]
            [ ] Make TOC entry    : [Value Menu] No entry
@end example

@node Adding Magic Words, Using \eqref, Figure Wrapper, Defining Label Environments
@subsection Adding Magic Words
@cindex Magic words
@cindex German magic words
@cindex Label category

Sometimes you don't want to define a new label environment or macro, but
just change the information associated with a label category.  Maybe you
want to add some magic words, for another language.  Changing only the
information associated with a label category is done by giving
@code{nil} for the environment name and then specify the items you want
to define.  Here is an example which adds German magic words to all
predefined label categories.@refill

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist
  '((nil ?s nil nil nil ("Kapitel" "Kap." "Abschnitt" "Teil"))
    (nil ?e nil nil nil ("Gleichung" "Gl."))
    (nil ?t nil nil nil ("Tabelle"))
    (nil ?f nil nil nil ("Figur" "Abbildung" "Abb."))
    (nil ?n nil nil nil ("Anmerkung" "Anm."))
    (nil ?i nil nil nil ("Punkt"))))
@end lisp

@node Using \eqref, Non-Standard Environments, Adding Magic Words, Defining Label Environments
@subsection Using @code{\eqref}
@cindex @code{\eqref}, AMS-LaTeX macro
@cindex AMS-LaTeX
@cindex Label category

Another case where one only wants to change the information associated
with the label category is to change the macro which is used for
referencing the label.  When working with the AMS-LaTeX stuff, you might
prefer @code{\eqref} for doing equation references.  Here is how to
do this:

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist '((nil ?e nil "~\\eqref@{%s@}" nil nil)))
@end lisp

@b{Ref@TeX{}} has also a predefined symbol for this special purpose.  The
following is equivalent to the line above.@refill

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist '(AMSTeX))
@end lisp

Note that this is automatically done by the @file{amsmath.el} style file
of AUCTeX (@pxref{Style Files}) - so if you use AUCTeX,
this configuration will not be necessary.@refill

@node Non-Standard Environments, Putting it Together, Using \eqref, Defining Label Environments
@subsection Non-standard Environments
@cindex Non-standard environments
@cindex Environments without @code{\begin}
@cindex Special parser functions
@cindex Parser functions, for special environments

Some LaTeX packages define environment-like structures without using the
standard @samp{\begin..\end} structure.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} cannot parse
these directly, but you can write your own special-purpose parser and
use it instead of the name of an environment in an entry for
@code{reftex-label-alist}.  The function should check if point is
currently in the special environment it was written to detect.  If so,
it must return a buffer position indicating the start of this
environment.  The return value must be @code{nil} on failure to detect
the environment.  The function is called with one argument @var{bound}.
If non-@code{nil}, @var{bound} is a boundary for backwards searches
which should be observed.  We will discuss two examples.@refill

@cindex LaTeX commands, abbreviated

Some people define abbreviations for
environments, like @code{\be} for @code{\begin@{equation@}}, and
@code{\ee} for @code{\end@{equation@}}.  The parser function would have
to search backward for these macros.  When the first match is
@code{\ee}, point is not in this environment.  When the first match is
@code{\be}, point is in this environment and the function must return
the beginning of the match.  To avoid scanning too far, we can also look
for empty lines which cannot occure inside an equation environment.
Here is the setup:@refill

@lisp
;; Setup entry in reftex-label-alist, using all defaults for equations
(setq reftex-label-alist '((detect-be-ee ?e nil nil nil nil)))

(defun detect-be-ee (bound)
  ;; Search backward for the macros or an empty line
  (if (re-search-backward 
       "\\(^[ \t]*\n\\|\\\\ee\\>\\)\\|\\(\\\\be\\>\\)" bound t)
      (if (match-beginning 2)
          (match-beginning 2)  ; Return start of environment
        nil)                   ; Return nil because env is closed
    nil))                      ; Return nil for not found
@end lisp

@cindex @code{linguex}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{linguex}
A more complex example is the @file{linguex.sty} package which defines
list macros @samp{\ex.}, @samp{\a.}, @samp{\b.} etc. for lists which are
terminated by @samp{\z.} or by an empty line.@refill

@example
\ex.  \label@{ex:12@} Some text in an exotic language ...
      \a. \label@{ex:13@} more stuff
      \b. \label@{ex:14@} still more stuff
          \a. List on a deeper level
          \b. Another item
          \b. and the third one
      \z.
      \b. Third item on this level.

... text after the empty line terminating all lists
@end example

The difficulty is that the @samp{\a.} lists can nest and that an empty
line terminates all list levels in one go.  So we have to count nesting
levels between @samp{\a.} and @samp{\z.}.  Here is the implementation
for @b{Ref@TeX{}}.

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist
      '((detect-linguex ?x "ex:" "~\\ref@{%s@}" nil ("Example" "Ex."))))

(defun detect-linguex (bound)
  (let ((cnt 0))
    (catch 'exit
      (while 
          ;; Search backward for all possible delimiters
          (re-search-backward
           (concat "\\(^[ \t]*\n\\)\\|\\(\\\\z\\.\\)\\|"
                   "\\(\\ex[ig]?\\.\\)\\|\\(\\\\a\\.\\)")
           nil t)
        ;; Check which delimiter was matched.
        (cond 
         ((match-beginning 1)
          ;; empty line terminates all - return nil
          (throw 'exit nil))
         ((match-beginning 2)
          ;; \z. terminates one list level - decrease nesting count
          (decf cnt))
         ((match-beginning 3)
          ;; \ex. : return match unless there was a \z. on this level
          (throw 'exit (if (>= cnt 0) (match-beginning 3) nil)))
         ((match-beginning 4)
          ;; \a. : return match when on level 0, otherwise
          ;;       increment nesting count
          (if (>= cnt 0)
              (throw 'exit (match-beginning 4))
            (incf cnt))))))))
@end lisp

@node Putting it Together, , Non-Standard Environments, Defining Label Environments
@subsection Putting it all together

When you have to put several entries into @code{reftex-label-alist}, just
put them after each other in a list, or create that many templates in
the customization buffer.  Here is a lisp example which uses several of
the entries described above:

@lisp
(setq reftex-label-alist
  '(("axiom"   ?a "ax:"  "~\\ref@{%s@}" nil ("axiom"   "ax.") -2)
    ("theorem" ?h "thr:" "~\\ref@{%s@}" t   ("theorem" "theor." "th.") -3)
    ("\\quickeq@{@}" ?e nil nil 1 nil)
    AMSTeX
    ("\\myfig[]@{@}@{@}@{*@}@{@}" ?f nil nil 3)
    (detect-linguex ?x "ex:" "~\\ref@{%s@}" nil ("Example" "Ex."))))
@end lisp

@node Reference Info, xr (LaTeX package), Defining Label Environments, Labels and References
@section Reference Info
@findex reftex-view-crossref
@findex reftex-mouse-view-crossref
@cindex Cross-references, displaying
@cindex Reference info
@cindex Displaying cross-references
@cindex Viewing cross-references
@kindex C-c &
@kindex S-mouse-2

When point is idle on the argument of a @code{\ref} macro, the echo area
will display some information about the label referenced there.  Note
that the information is only displayed if the echo area is not occupied
by a different message.  

@b{Ref@TeX{}} can also display the label definition corresponding to a
@code{\ref} macro, or all reference locations corresponding to a
@code{\label} macro.  @xref{Viewing Cross-References}, for more
information.@refill

@node xr (LaTeX package), varioref (LaTeX package), Reference Info, Labels and References
@section @code{xr}: Cross-Document References
@cindex @code{xr}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{xr}
@cindex @code{\externaldocument}
@cindex External documents
@cindex References to external documents
@cindex Cross-document references

The LaTeX package @code{xr} makes it possible to create references to
labels defined in external documents.  The preamble of a document using
@code{xr} will contain something like this:@refill

@example
\usepackage@{xr@}
\externaldocument[V1-]@{volume1@}
\externaldocument[V3-]@{volume3@}
@end example

@noindent
and we can make references to any labels defined in these
external documents by using the prefixes @samp{V1-} and @samp{V3-},
respectively.@refill

@b{Ref@TeX{}} can be used to create such references as well.  Start the
referencing process normally, by pressing @kbd{C-c )}.  Select a label
type if necessary.  When you see the label selection buffer, pressing
@kbd{x} will switch to the label selection buffer of one of the external
documents.  You may then select a label as before and @b{Ref@TeX{}} will
insert it along with the required prefix.@refill

For this kind of inter-document cross-references, saving of parsing
information and the use of multiple selection buffers can mean a large
speed-up (@pxref{Optimizations}).@refill

@node varioref (LaTeX package), fancyref (LaTeX package), xr (LaTeX package), Labels and References
@section @code{varioref}: Variable Page References
@cindex @code{varioref}, LaTeX package
@cindex @code{\vref}
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{varioref}
@vindex reftex-vref-is-default
@code{varioref} is a frequently used LaTeX package to create
cross--references with page information.  When you want to make a
reference with the @code{\vref} macro, just press the @kbd{v} key in the
selection buffer to toggle between @code{\ref} and @code{\vref}
(@pxref{Referencing Labels}).  The mode line of the selection buffer
shows the current status of this switch.  If you find that you almost
always use @code{\vref}, you may want to make it the default by
customizing the variable @code{reftex-vref-is-default}.  If this
toggling seems too inconvenient, you can also use the command
@code{reftex-varioref-vref}@footnote{bind it to @kbd{C-c v}.}.
Or use AUCTeX to create your macros (@pxref{AUCTeX}).@refill

@node fancyref (LaTeX package), , varioref (LaTeX package), Labels and References
@section @code{fancyref}: Fancy Cross References
@cindex @code{fancyref}, LaTeX package
@cindex @code{\fref}
@cindex @code{\Fref}
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{fancyref}
@vindex reftex-fref-is-default
@code{fancyref} is a LaTeX package where a macro call like
@code{\fref@{@var{fig:map-of-germany}@}} creates not only the number of
the referenced counter but also the complete text around it, like
@samp{Figure 3 on the preceding page}.  In order to make it work you
need to use label prefixes like @samp{fig:} consistently - something
@b{Ref@TeX{}} does automatically.  When you want to make a reference
with the @code{\fref} macro, just press the @kbd{V} key in the selection
buffer to cycle between @code{\ref}, @code{\fref} and @code{\Fref}
(@pxref{Referencing Labels}).  The mode line of the selection buffer
shows the current status of this switch.  If this cycling seems
inconvenient, you can also use the commands @code{reftex-fancyref-fref}
and @code{reftex-fancyref-Fref}@footnote{bind them to @kbd{C-c
f} and @kbd{C-c F}.}.  Or use AUCTeX to create your macros
(@pxref{AUCTeX}).@refill

@node Citations, Index Support, Labels and References, Top
@chapter Citations
@cindex Citations
@cindex @code{\cite}

Citations in LaTeX are done with the @code{\cite} macro or variations of
it.  The argument of the macro is a citation key which identifies an
article or book in either a BibTeX database file or in an explicit
@code{thebibliography} environment in the document.  @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s
support for citations helps to select the correct key quickly.@refill

@menu
* Creating Citations::               How to create them.
* Citation Styles::                  Natbib, Harvard, Chicago and Co.
* Citation Info::                    View the corresponding database entry.
* Chapterbib and Bibunits::          Multiple bibliographies in a Document.
* Citations Outside LaTeX::          How to make citations in Emails etc.
@end menu

@node Creating Citations, Citation Styles, , Citations
@section Creating Citations
@cindex Creating citations
@cindex Citations, creating
@findex reftex-citation
@kindex C-c [
@cindex Selection buffer, citations
@cindex Selection process

In order to create a citation, press @kbd{C-c [}.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} then
prompts for a regular expression which will be used to search through
the database and present the list of matches to choose from in a
selection process similar to that for selecting labels
(@pxref{Referencing Labels}).@refill

The regular expression uses an extended syntax: @samp{&&} defines a
logic @code{and} for regular expressions. For example
@samp{Einstein&&Bose} will match all articles which mention
Bose-Einstein condensation, or which are co-authored by Bose and
Einstein.  When entering the regular expression, you can complete on
known citation keys.@refill

@cindex @code{\bibliography}
@cindex @code{thebibliography}, LaTeX environment
@cindex @code{BIBINPUTS}, environment variable
@cindex @code{TEXBIB}, environment variable
@b{Ref@TeX{}} prefers to use BibTeX database files specified with a
@code{\bibliography} macro to collect its information.  Just like
BibTeX, it will search for the specified files in the current directory
and along the path given in the environment variable @code{BIBINPUTS}.
If you do not use BibTeX, but the document contains an explicit
@code{thebibliography} environment, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will collect its
information from there.  Note that in this case the information
presented in the selection buffer will just be a copy of relevant
@code{\bibitem} entries, not the structured listing available with
BibTeX database files.@refill

@kindex ?
In the selection buffer, the following keys provide special commands.  A
summary of this information is always available from the selection
process by pressing @kbd{?}.@refill

@table @kbd
@tablesubheading{General}
@item ?
Show a summary of available commands.

@item 0-9,-
Prefix argument.

@tablesubheading{Moving around}
@item n
Go to next article.

@item p
Go to previous article.

@tablesubheading{Access to full database entries}
@item @key{SPC}
Show the database entry corresponding to the article at point, in
another window.  See also the @kbd{f} key.@refill

@item f
Toggle follow mode.  When follow mode is active, the other window will
always display the full database entry of the current article.  This is
equivalent to pressing @key{SPC} after each cursor motion.  With BibTeX
entries, follow mode can be rather slow.@refill

@tablesubheading{Selecting entries and creating the citation}
@item @key{RET}
Insert a citation referencing the article at point into the buffer from
which the selection process was started.@refill

@item mouse-2
@vindex reftex-highlight-selection
Clicking with mouse button 2 on a citation will accept it like @key{RET}
would.  See also variable @code{reftex-highlight-selection}, @ref{Options
(Misc)}.@refill

@item m
Mark the current entry.  When one or several entries are marked,
pressing @kbd{a} or @kbd{A} accepts all marked entries.  Also,
@key{RET} behaves like the @kbd{a} key.

@item u
Unmark a marked entry.

@item a
Accept all (marked) entries in the selection buffer and create a single
@code{\cite} macro referring to them.@refill

@item A
Accept all (marked) entries in the selection buffer and create a
separate @code{\cite} macro for each of it.@refill

@item @key{TAB}
Enter a citation key with completion.  This may also be a key which does
not yet exist.

@item .
Show insertion point in another window.  This is the point from where you
called @code{reftex-citation}.@refill

@tablesubheading{Exiting}
@item q
Exit the selection process without inserting a citation into the
buffer.@refill

@tablesubheading{Updating the buffer}

@item g
Start over with a new regular expression.  The full database will be
rescanned with the new expression (see also @kbd{r}).@refill

@c FIXME: Should we use something else here? r is usually rescan!
@item r
Refine the current selection with another regular expression.  This will
@emph{not} rescan the entire database, but just the already selected
entries.@refill

@end table

@vindex reftex-select-bib-map
In order to define additional commands for this selection process, the
keymap @code{reftex-select-bib-map} may be used.@refill

@node Citation Styles, Citation Info, Creating Citations, Citations
@section Citation Styles
@cindex Citation styles
@cindex Citation styles, @code{natbib}
@cindex Citation styles, @code{harvard}
@cindex Citation styles, @code{chicago}
@cindex @code{natbib}, citation style
@cindex @code{harvard}, citation style
@cindex @code{chicago}, citation style

@vindex reftex-cite-format
The standard LaTeX macro @code{\cite} works well with numeric or simple
key citations.  To deal with the more complex task of author-year
citations as used in many natural sciences, a variety of packages has
been developed which define derived forms of the @code{\cite} macro.
@b{Ref@TeX{}} can be configured to produce these citation macros as well by
setting the variable @code{reftex-cite-format}.  For the most commonly
used packages (@code{natbib}, @code{harvard}, @code{chicago}) this may
be done from the menu, under @code{Ref->Citation Styles}.  Since there
are usually several macros to create the citations, executing
@code{reftex-citation} (@kbd{C-c [}) starts by prompting for the correct
macro.  For the Natbib style, this looks like this:

@example
SELECT A CITATION FORMAT

[^M]   \cite@{%l@}
[t]    \citet@{%l@}
[T]    \citet*@{%l@}
[p]    \citep@{%l@}
[P]    \citep*@{%l@}
[e]    \citep[e.g.][]@{%l@}
[s]    \citep[see][]@{%l@}
[a]    \citeauthor@{%l@}
[A]    \citeauthor*@{%l@}
[y]    \citeyear@{%l@}
@end example

Following the most generic of these packages, @code{natbib}, the builtin
citation packages always accept the @kbd{t} key for a @emph{textual}
citation (like: @code{Jones et al. (1997) have shown...})  as well as 
the @kbd{p} key for a parenthetical citation (like: @code{As shown
earlier (Jones et al, 1997)}).@refill

To make one of these styles the default, customize the variable
@code{reftex-cite-format} or put into @file{.emacs}:

@lisp
(setq reftex-cite-format 'natbib)
@end lisp

You can also use AUCTeX style files to automatically set the
citation style based on the @code{usepackage} commands in a given
document.  @xref{Style Files}, for information on how to set up the style
files correctly.@refill

@node Citation Info, Chapterbib and Bibunits, Citation Styles, Citations, Top
@section Citation Info
@cindex Displaying citations
@cindex Citations, displaying
@cindex Citation info
@cindex Viewing citations
@kindex C-c &
@kindex S-mouse-2
@findex reftex-view-crossref
@findex reftex-mouse-view-crossref

When point is idle on the argument of a @code{\cite} macro, the echo area
will display some information about the article cited there.  Note
that the information is only displayed if the echo area is not occupied
by a different message.  

@b{Ref@TeX{}} can also display the @code{\bibitem} or BibTeX database
entry corresponding to a @code{\cite} macro, or all citation locations
corresponding to a @code{\bibitem} or BibTeX database entry.
@xref{Viewing Cross-References}.@refill

@node Chapterbib and Bibunits, Citations Outside LaTeX, Citation Info, Citations
@section Chapterbib and Bibunits
@cindex @code{chapterbib}, LaTeX package
@cindex @code{bibunits}, LaTeX package
@cindex Bibliographies, multiple

@code{chapterbib} and @code{bibunits} are two LaTeX packages which
produce multiple bibliographies in a document.  This is no problem for
@b{Ref@TeX{}} as long as all bibliographies use the same BibTeX database
files.  If they do not, it is best to have each document part in a
separate file (as it is required for @code{chapterbib} anyway).  Then
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will still scan the locally relevant databases correctly.  If
you have multiple bibliographies within a @emph{single file}, this may
or may not be the case.

@node Citations Outside LaTeX, , Chapterbib and Bibunits, Citations
@section Citations outside LaTeX
@cindex Citations outside LaTeX
@vindex reftex-default-bibliography

The command @code{reftex-citation} can also be executed outside a LaTeX
buffer.  This can be useful to reference articles in the mail buffer and
other documents.  You should @emph{not} enter @code{reftex-mode} for
this, just execute the command.  The list of BibTeX files will in this
case be taken from the variable @code{reftex-default-bibliography}.
Setting the variable @code{reftex-cite-format} to the symbol
@code{locally} does a decent job of putting all relevant information
about a citation directly into the buffer.  Here is the lisp code to add
the @kbd{C-c [} binding to the mail buffer.  It also provides a local
binding for @code{reftex-cite-format}.@refill

@lisp
(add-hook 'mail-setup-hook
          (lambda () (define-key mail-mode-map "\C-c["
                       (lambda () (interactive)
                         (require 'reftex)
                         (let ((reftex-cite-format 'locally))
                           (reftex-citation))))))
@end lisp

@node Index Support, Viewing Cross-References, Citations, Top
@chapter Index Support
@cindex Index Support
@cindex @code{\index}

LaTeX has builtin support for creating an Index.  The LaTeX core
supports two different indices, the standard index and a glossary.  With
the help of special LaTeX packages (@file{multind.sty} or
@file{index.sty}), any number of indices can be supported.

Index entries are created with the @code{\index@{@var{entry}@}} macro.
All entries defined in a document are written out to the @file{.aux}
file.  A separate tool must be used to convert this information into a
nicely formatted index.  Tools used with LaTeX include @code{MakeIndex}
and @code{xindy}.@refill

Indexing is a very difficult task.  It must follow strict conventions to
make the index consistent and complete.  There are basically two
approaches one can follow, and both have their merits.

@enumerate
@item
Part of the indexing should already be done with the markup.  The
document structure should be reflected in the index, so when starting
new sections, the basic topics of the section should be indexed.  If the
document contains definitions, theorems or the like, these should all
correspond to appropriate index entries.  This part of the index can
very well be developed along with the document.  Often it is worthwhile
to define special purpose macros which define an item and at the same
time make an index entry, possibly with special formatting to make the
reference page in the index bold or underlined.  To make @b{Ref@TeX{}}
support for indexing possible, these special macros must be added to
@b{Ref@TeX{}}'s configuration (@pxref{Defining Index Macros}).@refill

@item
The rest of the index is often just a collection of where in the
document certain words or phrases are being used.  This part is
difficult to develop along with the document, because consistent entries
for each occurrence are needed and are best selected when the document
is ready.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} supports this with an @emph{index phrases file}
which collects phrases and helps indexing the phrases globally.@refill
@end enumerate

Before you start, you need to make sure that @b{Ref@TeX{}} knows about
the index style being used in the current document.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} has
builtin support for the default @code{\index} and @code{\glossary}
macros.  Other LaTeX packages, like the @file{multind} or @file{index}
package, redefine the @code{\index} macro to have an additional
argument, and @b{Ref@TeX{}} needs to be configured for those.  A
sufficiently new version of AUCTeX (9.10c or later) will do this
automatically.  If you really don't use AUCTeX (you should!), this
configuration needs to be done by hand with the menu (@code{Ref->Index
Style}), or globally for all your documents with@refill

@lisp
(setq reftex-index-macros '(multind))     @r{or}
(setq reftex-index-macros '(index))
@end lisp

@menu
* Creating Index Entries::           Macros and completion of entries.
* The Index Phrases File::           A special file for global indexing.
* Displaying and Editing the Index:: The index editor.
* Builtin Index Macros::             The index macros RefTeX knows about.
* Defining Index Macros::                ... and macros it  doesn't.
@end menu

@node Creating Index Entries, The Index Phrases File, , Index Support
@section Creating Index Entries
@cindex Creating index entries
@cindex Index entries, creating
@kindex C-c <
@findex reftex-index
@kindex C-c /
@findex reftex-index-selection-or-word

In order to index the current selection or the word at the cursor press
@kbd{C-c /} (@code{reftex-index-selection-or-word}).  This causes the
selection or word @samp{@var{word}} to be replaced with
@samp{\index@{@var{word}@}@var{word}}.  The macro which is used
(@code{\index} by default) can be configured with the variable
@code{reftex-index-default-macro}.  When the command is called with a
prefix argument (@kbd{C-u C-c /}), you get a chance to edit the
generated index entry.  Use this to change the case of the word or to
make the entry a subentry, for example by entering
@samp{main!sub!@var{word}}.  When called with two raw @kbd{C-u} prefixes
(@kbd{C-u C-u C-c /}), you will be asked for the index macro as well.
When there is nothing selected and no word at point, this command will
just call @code{reftex-index}, described below.

In order to create a general index entry, press @kbd{C-c <}
(@code{reftex-index}).  @b{Ref@TeX{}} will prompt for one of the
available index macros and for its arguments.  Completion will be
available for the index entry and, if applicable, the index tag.  The
index tag is a string identifying one of multiple indices.  With the
@file{multind} and @file{index} packages, this tag is the first argument
to the redefined @code{\index} macro.@refill

@node The Index Phrases File, Displaying and Editing the Index, Creating Index Entries, Index Support
@section The Index Phrases File
@cindex Index phrase file
@cindex Phrase file
@kindex C-c |
@findex reftex-index-visit-phrases-buffer
@cindex Macro definition lines, in phrase buffer

@b{Ref@TeX{}} maintains a file in which phrases can be collected for
later indexing.  The file is located in the same directory as the master
file of the document and has the extension @file{.rip} (@b{R}eftex
@b{I}ndex @b{P}hrases).  You can create or visit the file with @kbd{C-c
|} (@code{reftex-index-visit-phrases-buffer}).  If the file is empty it
is initialized by inserting a file header which contains the definition
of the available index macros.  This list is initialized from
@code{reftex-index-macros} (@pxref{Defining Index Macros}).  You can
edit the header as needed, but if you define new LaTeX indexing macros,
don't forget to add them to @code{reftex-index-macros} as well.  Here is
a phrase file header example:@refill

@example
% -*- mode: reftex-index-phrases -*-
%                           Key   Macro Format       Repeat
%----------------------------------------------------------
>>>INDEX_MACRO_DEFINITION:   i    \index@{%s@}          t
>>>INDEX_MACRO_DEFINITION:   I    \index*@{%s@}         nil
>>>INDEX_MACRO_DEFINITION:   g    \glossary@{%s@}       t
>>>INDEX_MACRO_DEFINITION:   n    \index*[name]@{%s@}   nil
%----------------------------------------------------------
@end example

The macro definition lines consist of a unique letter identifying a
macro, a format string and the @var{repeat} flag, all separated by
@key{TAB}.  The format string shows how the macro is to be applied, the
@samp{%s} will be replaced with the index entry.  The repeat flag
indicates if @var{word} is indexed by the macro as
@samp{\index@{@var{word}@}} (@var{repeat} = @code{nil}) or as
@samp{\index@{@var{word}@}@var{word}} (@var{repeat} = @code{t}).  In the
above example it is assumed that the macro @code{\index*@{@var{word}@}}
already typesets its argument in the text, so that it is unnecessary to
repeat @var{word} outside the macro.@refill

@menu
* Collecting Phrases::               Collecting from document or external.
* Consistency Checks::               Check for duplicates etc.
* Global Indexing::                  The interactive indexing process.
@end menu

@node Collecting Phrases, Consistency Checks, , The Index Phrases File
@subsection Collecting Phrases
@cindex Collecting index phrases
@cindex Index phrases, collection
@cindex Phrases, collecting

Phrases for indexing can be collected while writing the document.  The
command @kbd{C-c \} (@code{reftex-index-phrase-selection-or-word})
copies the current selection (if active) or the word near point into the 
phrases buffer.  It then selects this buffer, so that the phrase line
can be edited.  To return to the LaTeX document, press @kbd{C-c C-c}
(@code{reftex-index-phrases-save-and-return}).

You can also prepare the list of index phrases in a different way and
copy it into the phrases file.  For example you might want to start from 
a word list of the document and remove all words which should not be
indexed.

The phrase lines in the phrase buffer must have a specific format.
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will use font-lock to indicate if a line has the proper
format.  A phrase line looks like this:

@example
[@var{key}] <TABs> @var{phrase} [<TABs> @var{arg}[&&@var{arg}]... [ || @var{arg}]...] 
@end example

@code{<TABs>} stands for white space containing at least one @key{TAB}.
@var{key} must be at the start of the line and is the character
identifying one of the macros defined in the file header.  It is
optional - when omitted, the first macro definition line in the file
will be used for this phrase.  The @var{phrase} is the phrase to be
searched for when indexing.  It may contain several words separated by
spaces.  By default the search phrase is also the text entered as
argument of the index macro.  If you want the index entry to be
different from the search phrase, enter another @key{TAB} and the index
argument @var{arg}.  If you want to have each match produce several
index entries, separate the different index arguments with @samp{ &&
}@footnote{@samp{&&} with optional spaces, see
@code{reftex-index-phrases-logical-and-regexp}.}.  If you want to be
able to choose at each match between several different index arguments,
separate them with @samp{ || }@footnote{@samp{||} with optional spaces,
see @code{reftex-index-phrases-logical-or-regexp}.}.  Here is an
example:@refill

@example
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
I     Sun
i     Planet         Planets
i     Vega           Stars!Vega
      Jupiter        Planets!Jupiter
i     Mars           Planets!Mars || Gods!Mars || Chocolate Bars!Mars
i     Pluto          Planets!Pluto && Kuiper Belt Objects!Pluto
@end example


So @samp{Sun} will be indexed directly as @samp{\index*@{Sun@}}, while
@samp{Planet} will be indexed as @samp{\index@{Planets@}Planet}.
@samp{Vega} will be indexed as a subitem of @samp{Stars}.  The
@samp{Jupiter} line will also use the @samp{i} macro as it was the first
macro definition in the file header (see above example).  At each
occurrence of @samp{Mars} you will be able choose between indexing it as
a subitem of @samp{Planets}, @samp{Gods} or @samp{Chocolate Bars}.
Finally, every occurrence of @samp{Pluto} will be indexed as
@samp{\index@{Planets!Pluto@}\index@{Kuiper Belt Objects!Pluto@}Pluto}
and will therefore create two different index entries.@refill

@node Consistency Checks, Global Indexing, Collecting Phrases, The Index Phrases File
@subsection Consistency Checks
@cindex Index phrases, consistency checks
@cindex Phrases, consistency checks
@cindex Consistency check for index phrases

@kindex C-c C-s
Before indexing the phrases in the phrases buffer, they should be
checked carefully for consistency.  A first step is to sort the phrases
alphabetically - this is done with the command @kbd{C-c C-s}
(@code{reftex-index-sort-phrases}).  It will sort all phrases in the
buffer alphabetically by search phrase.  If you want to group certain
phrases and only sort within the groups, insert empty lines between the
groups.  Sorting will only change the sequence of phrases within each
group (see the variable @code{reftex-index-phrases-sort-in-blocks}).@refill

@kindex C-c C-i
A useful command is @kbd{C-c C-i} (@code{reftex-index-phrases-info})
which lists information about the phrase at point, including an example
of how the index entry will look like and the number of expected matches
in the document.@refill

@kindex C-c C-t
Another important check is to find out if there are double or
overlapping entries in the buffer.  For example if you are first
searching and indexing @samp{Mars} and then @samp{Planet Mars}, the
second phrase will not match because of the index macro inserted before
@samp{Mars} earlier.  The command @kbd{C-c C-t}
(@code{reftex-index-find-next-conflict-phrase}) finds the next phrase in
the buffer which is either duplicate or a subphrase of another phrase.
In order to check the whole buffer like this, start at the beginning and
execute this command repeatedly.@refill

@node Global Indexing, , Consistency Checks, The Index Phrases File
@subsection Global Indexing
@cindex Global indexing
@cindex Indexing, global
@cindex Indexing, from @file{phrases} buffer

Once the index phrases have been collected and organized, you are set
for global indexing.  I recommend to do this only on an otherwise
finished document.  Global indexing starts from the phrases buffer.
There are several commands which start indexing: @kbd{C-c C-x} acts on
the current phrase line, @kbd{C-c C-r} on all lines in the current
region and @kbd{C-c C-a} on all phrase lines in the buffer.  It is
probably good to do indexing in small chunks since your concentration
may not last long enough to do everything in one go.@refill

@b{Ref@TeX{}} will start at the first phrase line and search the phrase
globally in the whole document.  At each match it will stop, compute the
replacement string and offer you the following choices@footnote{Windows
users: Restrict yourself to the described keys during indexing.  Pressing 
@key{Help} at the indexing prompt can apparently hang Emacs.}:@refill

@table @kbd
@item y
Replace this match with the proposed string.
@item n
Skip this match.
@item !
Replace this and all further matches in this file.
@item q
Skip this match, start with next file.
@item Q
Skip this match, start with next phrase.
@item o
Select a different indexing macro for this match.
@item 1-9
Select one of multiple index keys (those separated with @samp{||}).
@item e
Edit the replacement text.
@item C-r
Recursive edit.  Use @kbd{C-M-c} to return to the indexing process.
@item s
Save this buffer and ask again about the current match.
@item S
Save all document buffers and ask again about the current match.
@item C-g
Abort the indexing process.
@end table

The @samp{Find and Index in Document} menu in the phrases buffer also
lists a few options for the indexing process.  The options have
associated customization variables to set the defaults (@pxref{Options
(Index Support)}).  Here is a short explanation of what the options do:

@table @i
@item Match Whole Words
When searching for index phrases, make sure whole words are matched.
This should probably always be on.
@item Case Sensitive Search
Search case sensitively for phrases.  I recommend to have this setting
off, in order to match the capitalized words at the beginning of a
sentence, and even typos.  You can always say @emph{no} at a match you
do not like.
@item Wrap Long Lines
Inserting index macros increases the line length.  Turn this option on
to allow @b{Ref@TeX{}} to wrap long lines.
@item Skip Indexed Matches
When this is on, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will at each match try to figure out if
this match is already indexed.  A match is considered indexed if it is
either the argument of an index macro, or if an index macro is directly
(without whitespace separation) before or after the match.  Index macros
are those configured in @code{reftex-index-macros}.  Intended for
re-indexing a documents after changes have been made.@refill
@end table

Even though indexing should be the last thing you do to a document, you
are bound to make changes afterwards.  Indexing then has to be applied
to the changed regions.  The command
@code{reftex-index-phrases-apply-to-region} is designed for this
purpose.  When called from a LaTeX document with active region, it will
apply @code{reftex-index-all-phrases} to the current region.@refill

@node Displaying and Editing the Index, Builtin Index Macros, The Index Phrases File, Index Support
@section Displaying and Editing the Index
@cindex Displaying the Index
@cindex Editing the Index
@cindex Index entries, creating
@cindex Index, displaying
@cindex Index, editing
@kindex C-c >
@findex reftex-display-index

In order to compile and display the index, press @kbd{C-c >}.  If the
document uses multiple indices, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will ask you to select
one.  Then, all index entries will be sorted alphabetically and
displayed in a special buffer, the @file{*Index*} buffer.  From that
buffer you can check and edit each entry.@refill

The index can be restricted to the current section or the region.  Then
only entries in that part of the document will go into the compiled
index.  To restrict to the current section, use a numeric prefix
@samp{2}, thus press @kbd{C-u 2 C-c >}.  To restrict to the current
region, make the region active and use a numeric prefix @samp{3} (press
@kbd{C-u 3 C-c >}).  From within the @file{*Index*} buffer the
restriction can be moved from one section to the next by pressing the
@kbd{<} and @kbd{>} keys.@refill

One caveat: @b{Ref@TeX{}} finds the definition point of an index entry
by searching near the buffer position where it had found to macro during
scanning.  If you have several identical index entries in the same
buffer and significant changes have shifted the entries around, you must
rescan the buffer to ensure the correspondence between the
@file{*Index*} buffer and the definition locations.  It is therefore
advisable to rescan the document (with @kbd{r} or @kbd{C-u r})
frequently while editing the index from the @file{*Index*}
buffer.@refill

@kindex ?
Here is a list of special commands available in the @file{*Index*} buffer.  A
summary of this information is always available by pressing
@kbd{?}.@refill

@table @kbd
@tablesubheading{General}
@item ?
Display a summary of commands.

@item 0-9, -
Prefix argument.

@tablesubheading{Moving around}
@item ! A..Z
Pressing any capital letter will jump to the corresponding section in
the @file{*Index*} buffer.  The exclamation mark is special and jumps to 
the first entries alphabetically sorted below @samp{A}.  These are
usually non-alphanumeric characters.@refill
@item n
Go to next entry.@refill
@item p
Go to previous entry.@refill

@tablesubheading{Access to document locations}
@item @key{SPC}
Show the place in the document where this index entry is defined.@refill 

@item @key{TAB}
Go to the definition of the current index entry in another
window.@refill

@item @key{RET}
Go to the definition of the current index entry and hide the
@file{*Index*} buffer window.@refill

@item f
@vindex reftex-index-follow-mode
@vindex reftex-revisit-to-follow
Toggle follow mode.  When follow mode is active, the other window will
always show the location corresponding to the line in the @file{*Index*}
buffer at point.  This is similar to pressing @key{SPC} after each
cursor motion.  The default for this flag can be set with the variable
@code{reftex-index-follow-mode}.  Note that only context in files
already visited is shown.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} will not visit a file just for
follow mode.  See, however, the variable
@code{reftex-revisit-to-follow}.@refill

@tablesubheading{Entry editing}
@item e
Edit the current index entry.  In the minibuffer, you can edit the
index macro which defines this entry.@refill

@item C-k
Kill the index entry.  Currently not implemented because I don't know
how to implement an @code{undo} function for this.@refill

@item *
Edit the @var{key} part of the entry.  This is the initial part of the
entry which determines the location of the entry in the index.@refill

@item |
Edit the @var{attribute} part of the entry.  This is the part after the
vertical bar.  With @code{MakeIndex}, this part is an encapsulating
macro.  With @code{xindy}, it is called @emph{attribute} and is a
property of the index entry that can lead to special formatting.  When
called with @kbd{C-u} prefix, kill the entire @var{attribute}
part.@refill

@item @@
Edit the @var{visual} part of the entry.  This is the part after the
@samp{@@} which is used by @code{MakeIndex} to change the visual
appearance of the entry in the index.  When called with @kbd{C-u}
prefix, kill the entire @var{visual} part.@refill

@item (
Toggle the beginning of page range property @samp{|(} of the
entry.@refill 

@item )
Toggle the end of page range property @samp{|)} of the entry.@refill 

@item _
Make the current entry a subentry.  This command will prompt for the
superordinate entry and insert it.@refill

@item ^
Remove the highest superordinate entry.  If the current entry is a 
subitem (@samp{aaa!bbb!ccc}), this function moves it up the hierarchy
(@samp{bbb!ccc}).@refill 

@tablesubheading{Exiting}
@item q
Hide the @file{*Index*} buffer.@refill

@item k
Kill the @file{*Index*} buffer.@refill

@item C-c =
Switch to the Table of Contents buffer of this document.@refill

@tablesubheading{Controlling what gets displayed}
@item c
@vindex reftex-index-include-context
Toggle the display of short context in the @file{*Index*} buffer.  The
default for this flag can be set with the variable
@code{reftex-index-include-context}.@refill

@item @}
Restrict the index to a single document section.  The corresponding
section number will be displayed in the @code{R<>} indicator in the
mode line and in the header of the @file{*Index*} buffer.@refill

@item @{
Widen the index to contain all entries of the document.@refill

@item <
When the index is currently restricted, move the restriction to the
previous section.@refill

@item >
When the index is currently restricted, move the restriction to the
next section.@refill

@tablesubheading{Updating the buffer}
@item g
Rebuild the @file{*Index*} buffer.  This does @emph{not} rescan the
document.  However, it sorts the entries again, so that edited entries
will move to the correct position.@refill

@item r
@vindex reftex-enable-partial-scans
Reparse the LaTeX document and rebuild the @file{*Index*} buffer.  When
@code{reftex-enable-partial-scans} is non-nil, rescan only the file this
location is defined in, not the entire document.@refill

@item C-u r
Reparse the @emph{entire} LaTeX document and rebuild the @file{*Index*}
buffer.@refill

@item s
Switch to a different index (for documents with multiple
indices).@refill 
@end table


@node Builtin Index Macros, Defining Index Macros, Displaying and Editing the Index, Index Support
@section Builtin Index Macros
@cindex Builtin index macros
@cindex Index macros, builtin
@vindex reftex-index-macros
@cindex @code{multind}, LaTeX package
@cindex @code{index}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{multind}
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{index}

@b{Ref@TeX{}} by default recognizes the @code{\index} and
@code{\glossary} macros which are defined in the LaTeX core.  It has
also builtin support for the re-implementations of @code{\index}
in the @file{multind} and @file{index} packages.  However, since
the different definitions of the @code{\index} macro are incompatible,
you will have to explicitly specify the index style used.
@xref{Creating Index Entries}, for information on how to do that.

@node Defining Index Macros, , Builtin Index Macros, Index Support
@section Defining Index Macros
@cindex  Defining Index Macros
@cindex Index macros, defining
@vindex reftex-index-macros

When writing a document with an index you will probably define
additional macros which make entries into the index.
Let's look at an example.

@example
\newcommand@{\ix@}[1]@{#1\index@{#1@}@}
\newcommand@{\nindex@}[1]@{\textit@{#1@}\index[name]@{#1@}@}
\newcommand@{\astobj@}[1]@{\index@{Astronomical Objects!#1@}@}
@end example

The first macro @code{\ix} typesets its argument in the text and places
it into the index.  The second macro @code{\nindex} typesets its
argument in the text and places it into a separate index with the tag
@samp{name}@footnote{We are using the syntax of the @file{index} package
here.}.  The last macro also places its argument into the index, but as
subitems under the main index entry @samp{Astronomical Objects}.  Here
is how to make @b{Ref@TeX{}} recognize and correctly interpret these
macros, first with Emacs Lisp.

@lisp
(setq reftex-index-macros
      '(("\\ix@{*@}" "idx" ?x "" nil nil)
        ("\\nindex@{*@}" "name" ?n "" nil nil)
        ("\\astobj@{*@}" "idx" ?o "Astronomical Objects!" nil t)))
@end lisp

Note that the index tag is @samp{idx} for the main index, and
@samp{name} for the name index.  @samp{idx} and @samp{glo} are reserved
for the default index and for the glossary.

The character arguments @code{?x}, @code{?n}, and @code{?o} are for
quick identification of these macros when @b{Ref@TeX{}} inserts new
index entries with @code{reftex-index}.  These codes need to be
unique. @code{?i}, @code{?I}, and @code{?g} are reserved for the
@code{\index}, @code{\index*}, and @code{\glossary} macros,
respectively. 

The following string is empty unless your macro adds a superordinate
entry to the index key - this is the case for the @code{\astobj} macro.

The next entry can be a hook function to exclude certain matches, it
almost always can be @code{nil}.

The final element in the list indicates if the text being indexed needs
to be repeated outside the macro.  For the normal index macros, this
should be @code{t}.  Only if the macro typesets the entry in the text
(like @code{\ix} and @code{\nindex} in the example do), this should be
@code{nil}.

To do the same thing with customize, you need to fill in the templates
like this:

@example
Repeat:
[INS] [DEL] List:
            Macro with args: \ix@{*@}
            Index Tag      : [Value Menu] String: idx
            Access Key     : x
            Key Prefix     : 
            Exclusion hook : nil
            Repeat Outside : [Toggle]  off (nil)
[INS] [DEL] List:
            Macro with args: \nindex@{*@}
            Index Tag      : [Value Menu] String: name
            Access Key     : n
            Key Prefix     : 
            Exclusion hook : nil
            Repeat Outside : [Toggle]  off (nil)
[INS] [DEL] List:
            Macro with args: \astobj@{*@}
            Index Tag      : [Value Menu] String: idx
            Access Key     : o
            Key Prefix     : Astronomical Objects!
            Exclusion hook : nil
            Repeat Outside : [Toggle]  on (non-nil)
[INS]
@end example

With the macro @code{\ix} defined, you may want to change the default
macro used for indexing a text phrase (@pxref{Creating Index Entries}).
This would be done like this

@lisp
(setq reftex-index-default-macro '(?x "idx"))
@end lisp

which specifies that the macro identified with the character @code{?x} (the
@code{\ix} macro) should be used for indexing phrases and words already
in the buffer with @kbd{C-c /} (@code{reftex-index-selection-or-word}).
The index tag is "idx".@refill

@node Viewing Cross-References, RefTeXs Menu, Index Support, Top
@chapter Viewing Cross--References
@findex reftex-view-crossref
@findex reftex-mouse-view-crossref
@kindex C-c &
@kindex S-mouse-2

@b{Ref@TeX{}} can display cross--referencing information.  This means,
if two document locations are linked, @b{Ref@TeX{}} can display the
matching location(s) in another window.  The @code{\label} and @code{\ref}
macros are one way of establishing such a link.  Also, a @code{\cite}
macro is linked to the corresponding @code{\bibitem} macro or a BibTeX
database entry.@refill

The feature is invoked by pressing @kbd{C-c &}
(@code{reftex-view-crossref}) while point is on the @var{key} argument
of a macro involved in cross--referencing.  You can also click with
@kbd{S-mouse-2} on the macro argument.  Here is what will happen for
individual classes of macros:@refill

@table @asis

@item @code{\ref}
@cindex @code{\ref}
Display the corresponding label definition.  All usual
variants@footnote{all macros that start with @samp{ref} or end with
@samp{ref} or @samp{refrange}} of the @code{\ref} macro are active for
cross--reference display.  This works also for labels defined in an
external document when the current document refers to them through the
@code{xr} interface (@pxref{xr (LaTeX package)}).@refill

@item @code{\label}
@cindex @code{\label}
@vindex reftex-label-alist
Display a document location which references this label.  Pressing
@kbd{C-c &} several times moves through the entire document and finds
all locations.  Not only the @code{\label} macro but also other macros
with label arguments (as configured with @code{reftex-label-alist}) are
active for cross--reference display.@refill

@item @code{\cite}
@cindex @code{\cite}
Display the corresponding BibTeX database entry or @code{\bibitem}.
All usual variants@footnote{all macros that either start or end with
@samp{cite}} of the @code{\cite} macro are active for cross--reference
display.@refill

@item @code{\bibitem}
@cindex @code{\bibitem}
Display a document location which cites this article. Pressing
@kbd{C-c &} several times moves through the entire document and finds
all locations.@refill

@item BibTeX
@cindex BibTeX buffer, viewing cite locations from
@cindex Viewing cite locations from BibTeX buffer
@kbd{C-c &} is also active in BibTeX buffers.  All locations in a
document where the database entry at point is cited will be displayed.
On first use, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will prompt for a buffer which belongs to
the document you want to search.  Subsequent calls will use the same
document, until you break this link with a prefix argument to @kbd{C-c
&}.@refill

@item @code{\index}
@cindex @code{\index}
Display other locations in the document which are marked by an index
macro with the same key argument.  Along with the standard @code{\index}
and @code{\glossary} macros, all macros configured in
@code{reftex-index-macros} will be recognized.@refill
@end table

@vindex reftex-view-crossref-extra
While the display of cross referencing information for the above
mentioned macros is hard--coded, you can configure additional relations
in the variable @code{reftex-view-crossref-extra}.
    
@iftex
@chapter All the Rest
@end iftex

@node RefTeXs Menu, Key Bindings, Viewing Cross-References, Top
@section @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s Menu
@cindex RefTeXs Menu
@cindex Menu, in the menu bar

@b{Ref@TeX{}} installs a @code{Ref} menu in the menu bar on systems
which support this.  From this menu you can access all of
@b{Ref@TeX{}}'s commands and a few of its options.  There is also a
@code{Customize} submenu which can be used to access @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s
entire set of options.@refill

@node Key Bindings, Faces, RefTeXs Menu, Top
@section Default Key Bindings
@cindex Key Bindings, summary

Here is a summary of the available key bindings.

@kindex C-c =
@kindex C-c (
@kindex C-c )
@kindex C-c [
@kindex C-c &
@kindex S-mouse-2
@kindex C-c /
@kindex C-c \
@kindex C-c |
@kindex C-c <
@kindex C-c >
@example
@kbd{C-c =}      @code{reftex-toc}
@kbd{C-c (}      @code{reftex-label}
@kbd{C-c )}      @code{reftex-reference}
@kbd{C-c [}      @code{reftex-citation}
@kbd{C-c &}      @code{reftex-view-crossref}
@kbd{S-mouse-2}  @code{reftex-mouse-view-crossref}
@kbd{C-c /}      @code{reftex-index-selection-or-word}
@kbd{C-c \}      @code{reftex-index-phrase-selection-or-word}
@kbd{C-c |}      @code{reftex-index-visit-phrases-buffer}
@kbd{C-c <}      @code{reftex-index}
@kbd{C-c >}      @code{reftex-display-index}
@end example

Note that the @kbd{S-mouse-2} binding is only provided if this key is
not already used by some other package.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} will not override an
existing binding to @kbd{S-mouse-2}.@refill

Personally, I also bind some functions in the users @kbd{C-c} map for
easier access.@refill

@c FIXME: Do we need bindings for the Index macros here as well?
@c C-c i   C-c I or so????
@c How about key bindings for reftex-reset-mode and reftex-parse-document?
@kindex C-c t
@kindex C-c l
@kindex C-c r
@kindex C-c c
@kindex C-c v
@kindex C-c s
@kindex C-c g
@example
@kbd{C-c t}    @code{reftex-toc}
@kbd{C-c l}    @code{reftex-label}
@kbd{C-c r}    @code{reftex-reference}
@kbd{C-c c}    @code{reftex-citation}
@kbd{C-c v}    @code{reftex-view-crossref}
@kbd{C-c s}    @code{reftex-search-document}
@kbd{C-c g}    @code{reftex-grep-document}
@end example

@noindent These keys are reserved for the user, so I cannot bind them by
default.  If you want to have these key bindings available, set in your
@file{.emacs} file:

@vindex reftex-extra-bindings
@lisp
(setq reftex-extra-bindings t)
@end lisp

@vindex reftex-load-hook
Changing and adding to @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s key bindings is best done in the hook
@code{reftex-load-hook}.  For information on the keymaps
which should be used to add keys, see @ref{Keymaps and Hooks}.

@node Faces, AUCTeX, Key Bindings, Top
@section Faces
@cindex Faces

@b{Ref@TeX{}} uses faces when available to structure the selection and
table of contents buffers.  It does not create its own faces, but uses
the ones defined in @file{font-lock.el}.  Therefore, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will
use faces only when @code{font-lock} is loaded.  This seems to be
reasonable because people who like faces will very likely have it
loaded.  If you wish to turn off fontification or change the involved
faces, see @ref{Options (Fontification)}.@refill

@node Multifile Documents, Language Support, AUCTeX, Top
@section Multifile Documents
@cindex Multifile documents
@cindex Documents, spread over files

The following is relevant when working with documents spread over many
files:@refill

@itemize @bullet
@item
@b{Ref@TeX{}} has full support for multifile documents.  You can edit parts of
several (multifile) documents at the same time without conflicts.
@b{Ref@TeX{}} provides functions to run @code{grep}, @code{search} and
@code{query-replace} on all files which are part of a multifile
document.@refill

@item
@vindex tex-main-file
@vindex TeX-master
All files belonging to a multifile document should define a File
Variable (@code{TeX-master} for AUCTeX or @code{tex-main-file} for the
standard Emacs LaTeX mode) containing the name of the master file.  For
example, to set the file variable @code{TeX-master}, include something
like the following at the end of each TeX file:@refill

@example
%%% Local Variables: ***
%%% mode:latex ***
%%% TeX-master: "thesis.tex"  ***
%%% End: ***
@end example

AUCTeX with the setting

@lisp
(setq-default TeX-master nil)
@end lisp

will actually ask you for each new file about the master file and insert
this comment automatically.  For more details see the documentation of
the AUCTeX (@pxref{Multifile,,,auctex, The AUC TeX User Manual}), the
documentation about the Emacs (La)TeX mode (@pxref{TeX Print,,,emacs,
The GNU Emacs Manual}) and the Emacs documentation on File Variables
(@pxref{File Variables,,,emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).@refill

@item
The context of a label definition must be found in the same file as the
label itself in order to be processed correctly by @b{Ref@TeX{}}.  The only
exception is that section labels referring to a section statement
outside the current file can still use that section title as
context.@refill
@end itemize

@node Language Support, Finding Files, Multifile Documents, Top
@section Language Support
@cindex Language support

Some parts of @b{Ref@TeX{}} are language dependent.  The default
settings work well for English.  If you are writing in a different
language, the following hints may be useful:

@itemize @bullet
@item
@vindex reftex-derive-label-parameters
@vindex reftex-abbrev-parameters
The mechanism to derive a label from context includes the abbreviation
of words and omission of unimportant words.  These mechanisms may have
to be changed for other languages.  See the variables
@code{reftex-derive-label-parameters} and @code{reftex-abbrev-parameters}.

@item
@vindex reftex-translate-to-ascii-function
@vindex reftex-label-illegal-re
Also, when a label is derived from context, @b{Ref@TeX{}} clears the
context string from non-ASCII characters in order to make a legal label.
If there should ever be a version of @TeX{} which allows extended
characters @emph{in labels}, then we will have to look at the
variables @code{reftex-translate-to-ascii-function} and
@code{reftex-label-illegal-re}.

@item
When a label is referenced, @b{Ref@TeX{}} looks at the word before point
to guess which label type is required.  These @emph{magic words} are
different in every language.  For an example of how to add magic words,
see @ref{Adding Magic Words}.

@vindex reftex-multiref-punctuation
@vindex reftex-cite-punctuation
@item 
@b{Ref@TeX{}} inserts ``punctuation'' for multiple references and
for the author list in citations.  Some of this may be language
dependent.  See the variables @code{reftex-multiref-punctuation} and
@code{reftex-cite-punctuation}.
@end itemize

@node Finding Files, Optimizations, Language Support, Top
@section Finding Files
@cindex Finding files

In order to find files included in a document via @code{\input} or
@code{\include}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} searches all directories specified in the
environment variable @code{TEXINPUTS}.  Similarly, it will search the
path specified in the variables @code{BIBINPUTS} and @code{TEXBIB} for
BibTeX database files.

When searching, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will also expand recursive path
definitions (directories ending in @samp{//} or @samp{!!}).  But it will
only search and expand directories @emph{explicitly} given in these
variables. This may cause problems under the following circumstances:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Most TeX system have a default search path for both TeX files and BibTeX
files which is defined in some setup file.  Usually this default path is
for system files which @b{Ref@TeX{}} does not need to see.  But if your
document needs TeX files or BibTeX database files in a directory only
given in the default search path, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will fail to find them.
@item
Some TeX systems do not use environment variables at all in order to
specify the search path.  Both default and user search path are then
defined in setup files.
@end itemize

@noindent
There are three ways to solve this problem:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Specify all relevant directories explicitly in the environment
variables.  If for some reason you don't want to mess with the default
variables @code{TEXINPUTS} and @code{BIBINPUTS}, define your own
variables and configure @b{Ref@TeX{}} to use them instead:

@lisp
(setq reftex-texpath-environment-variables '("MYTEXINPUTS"))
(setq reftex-bibpath-environment-variables '("MYBIBINPUTS"))
@end lisp

@item
Specify the full search path directly in @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s variables.

@lisp
(setq reftex-texpath-environment-variables 
      '("./inp:/home/cd/tex//:/usr/local/tex//"))
(setq reftex-bibpath-environment-variables
      '("/home/cd/tex/lit/"))
@end lisp

@item
Some TeX systems provide stand--alone programs to do the file search just
like TeX and BibTeX.  E.g. Thomas Esser's @code{teTeX} uses the
@code{kpathsearch} library which provides the command @code{kpsewhich}
to search for files.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} can be configured to use this
program.  Note that the exact syntax of the @code{kpsewhich}
command depends upon the version of that program.

@lisp
(setq reftex-use-external-file-finders t)
(setq reftex-external-file-finders
      '(("tex" . "kpsewhich -format=.tex %f")
        ("bib" . "kpsewhich -format=.bib %f")))      
@end lisp
@end itemize

@node Optimizations, Problems and Work-Arounds, Finding Files, Top
@section Optimizations
@cindex Optimizations

Implementing the principle of least surprises, the default settings of
@b{Ref@TeX{}} ensure a safe ride for beginners and casual users.  However,
when using @b{Ref@TeX{}} for a large project and/or on a small computer,
there are ways to improve speed or memory usage.@refill

@itemize @bullet
@item
@b{Removing Lookup Buffers}@*
@cindex Removing lookup buffers
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will load other parts of a multifile document as well as BibTeX
database files for lookup purposes.  These buffers are kept, so that
subsequent use of the same files is fast.  If you can't afford keeping
these buffers around, and if you can live with a speed penalty, try

@vindex reftex-keep-temporary-buffers
@lisp
(setq reftex-keep-temporary-buffers nil)
@end lisp

@item
@b{Partial Document Scans}@*
@cindex Partial documents scans
@cindex Document scanning, partial
A @kbd{C-u} prefix on the major @b{Ref@TeX{}} commands @code{reftex-label}
(@kbd{C-u C-c (}), @code{reftex-reference} (@kbd{C-u C-c )}),
@code{reftex-citation} (@kbd{C-u C-c [}), @code{reftex-toc} (@kbd{C-u C-c
=}), and @code{reftex-view-crossref} (@kbd{C-u C-c &}) initiates
re-parsing of the entire document in order to update the parsing
information.  For a large document this can be unnecessary, in
particular if only one file has changed.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} can be configured
to do partial scans instead of full ones.  @kbd{C-u} re-parsing then
does apply only to the current buffer and files included from it.
Likewise, the @kbd{r} key in both the label selection buffer and the
table-of-contents buffer will only prompt scanning of the file in which
the label or section macro near the cursor was defined.  Re-parsing of
the entire document is still available by using @kbd{C-u C-u} as a
prefix, or the capital @kbd{R} key in the menus.  To use this feature,
try@refill

@vindex reftex-enable-partial-scans
@lisp
(setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t)
@end lisp

@item
@b{Saving Parser Information}@*
@cindex Saving parser information
@cindex Parse information, saving to a file
@vindex reftex-parse-file-extension
Even with partial scans enabled, @b{Ref@TeX{}} still has to make one full
scan, when you start working with a document.  To avoid this, parsing
information can be stored in a file.  The file @file{MASTER.rel} is used
for storing information about a document with master file
@file{MASTER.tex}.  It is written automatically when you kill a buffer
in @code{reftex-mode} or when you exit Emacs.  The information is
restored when you begin working with a document in a new editing
session.  To use this feature, put into @file{.emacs}:@refill

@vindex reftex-save-parse-info
@lisp
(setq reftex-save-parse-info t)
@end lisp

@item
@b{Automatic Document Scans}@*
@cindex Automatic document scans
@cindex Document scanning, automatic
At rare occasions, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will automatically rescan a part of the
document.  If this gets into your way, it can be turned off with

@vindex reftex-allow-automatic-rescan
@lisp
(setq reftex-allow-automatic-rescan nil)
@end lisp

@b{Ref@TeX{}} will then occasionally annotate new labels in the selection
buffer, saying that their position in the label list in uncertain.  A
manual document scan will fix this.@refill

@item
@b{Multiple Selection Buffers}@*
@cindex Multiple selection buffers
@cindex Selection buffers, multiple
Normally, the selection buffer @file{*RefTeX Select*} is re-created for
every selection process.  In documents with very many labels this can
take several seconds.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} provides an option to create a
separate selection buffer for each label type and to keep this buffer
from one selection to the next.  These buffers are updated automatically
only when a new label has been added in the buffers category with
@code{reftex-label}.  Updating the buffer takes as long as recreating it
- so the time saving is limited to cases where no new labels of that
category have been added.  To turn on this feature, use@refill

@vindex reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers
@lisp
(setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t)
@end lisp

@noindent
@cindex Selection buffers, updating
You can also inhibit the automatic updating entirely.  Then the
selection buffer will always pop up very fast, but may not contain the
most recently defined labels.  You can always update the buffer by hand,
with the @kbd{g} key.  To get this behavior, use instead@refill

@vindex reftex-auto-update-selection-buffers
@lisp
(setq reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t
      reftex-auto-update-selection-buffers nil)
@end lisp
@end itemize

@need 2000
@noindent
@b{As a summary}, here are the settings I recommend for heavy use of
@b{Ref@TeX{}} with large documents:

@lisp
@group
(setq reftex-enable-partial-scans t
      reftex-save-parse-info t
      reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers t)
@end group
@end lisp

@page
@node AUCTeX, Multifile Documents, Faces, Top
@section @w{AUC @TeX{}}
@cindex @code{AUCTeX}, Emacs package
@cindex Emacs packages, @code{AUCTeX}

AUCTeX is without doubt the best major mode for editing TeX and LaTeX
files with Emacs (@pxref{Top,AUCTeX,,auctex, The AUCTeX User Manual}).
If AUCTeX is not part of you Emacs distribution, you can get
it@footnote{XEmacs 21.x users may want to install the corresponding
XEmacs package.} by ftp from the
@uref{http://www.sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/,AUCTeX distribution site}.

@menu
* AUCTeX-RefTeX Interface::          How both packages work together
* Style Files::                      AUCTeX's style files can support RefTeX
* Bib-Cite::                         Hypertext reading of a document
@end menu

@node AUCTeX-RefTeX Interface, Style Files, , AUCTeX
@subsection The AUC@TeX{}-@b{Ref@TeX{}} Interface

@b{Ref@TeX{}} contains code to interface with AUCTeX.  When this
interface is turned on, both packages will interact closely.  Instead of
using @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s commands directly, you can then also use them
indirectly as part of the AUCTeX
environment@footnote{@b{Ref@TeX{}} 4.0 and AUCTeX 9.10c will be
needed for all of this to work.  Parts of it work also with earlier
versions.}.  The interface is turned on with@refill

@lisp
(setq reftex-plug-into-AUCTeX t)
@end lisp

If you need finer control about which parts of the interface are used
and which not, read the docstring of the variable
@code{reftex-plug-into-AUCTeX} or customize it with @kbd{M-x
customize-variable @key{RET} reftex-plug-into-AUCTeX @key{RET}}.

The following list describes the individual parts of the interface.

@itemize @bullet
@item
@findex reftex-label
@vindex LaTeX-label-function, @r{AUCTeX}
@kindex C-c C-e
@kindex C-c C-s
@findex LaTeX-section, @r{AUCTeX}
@findex TeX-insert-macro, @r{AUCTeX}
@b{AUCTeX calls @code{reftex-label} to insert labels}@*
When a new section is created with @kbd{C-c C-s}, or a new environment
is inserted with @kbd{C-c C-e}, AUCTeX normally prompts for a label to
go with it.  With the interface, @code{reftex-label} is called instead.
For example, if you type @kbd{C-c C-e equation @key{RET}}, AUCTeX and
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will insert

@example
\begin@{equation@}
\label@{eq:1@}

\end@{equation@}
@end example

@noindent
without further prompts.

Similarly, when you type @kbd{C-c C-s section @key{RET}}, @b{Ref@TeX{}}
will offer its default label which is derived from the section title.

@item
@b{AUCTeX tells @b{Ref@TeX{}} about new sections}@*
When creating a new section with @kbd{C-c C-s}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will not
have to rescan the buffer in order to see it.@refill

@item
@findex reftex-arg-label
@findex TeX-arg-label, @r{AUCTeX function}
@findex reftex-arg-ref
@findex TeX-arg-ref, @r{AUCTeX function}
@findex reftex-arg-cite
@findex TeX-arg-cite, @r{AUCTeX function}
@findex reftex-arg-index
@findex TeX-arg-index, @r{AUCTeX function}
@findex TeX-insert-macro, @r{AUCTeX function}
@kindex C-c @key{RET}
@b{@b{Ref@TeX{}} supplies macro arguments}@* When you insert a macro
interactively with @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}, AUCTeX normally prompts for
macro arguments.  Internally, it uses the functions
@code{TeX-arg-label}, @code{TeX-arg-cite}, and @code{TeX-arg-index} to
prompt for arguments which are labels, citation keys and index entries.
The interface takes over these functions@footnote{@code{fset} is used to
do this, which is not reversible.  However, @b{Ref@TeX{}} implements the
old functionality when you later decide to turn off the interface.} and
supplies the macro arguments with @b{Ref@TeX{}'s} mechanisms.  For
example, when you type @kbd{C-c @key{RET} ref @key{RET}}, @b{Ref@TeX{}}
will supply its label selection process (@pxref{Referencing
Labels}).@refill

@item
@b{@b{Ref@TeX{}} tells AUCTeX about new labels, citation-- and index keys}@*
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will add all newly created labels to AUCTeX's completion list.
@end itemize

@node Style Files, Bib-Cite, AUCTeX-RefTeX Interface, AUCTeX
@subsection Style Files
@cindex Style files, AUCTeX
@findex TeX-add-style-hook, @r{AUCTeX}
Style files are Emacs Lisp files which are evaluated by AUCTeX in
association with the @code{\documentclass} and @code{\usepackage}
commands of a document (@pxref{Style Files,,,auctex}). Support for
@b{Ref@TeX{}} in such a style file is useful when the LaTeX style
defines macros or environments connected with labels, citations, or the
index.  Many style files (e.g. @file{amsmath.el} or @file{natbib.el})
distributed with AUCTeX already support @b{Ref@TeX{}} in this
way.@refill

Before calling a @b{Ref@TeX{}} function, the style hook should always
test for the availability of the function, so that the style file will
also work for people who do not use @b{Ref@TeX{}}. @refill

Additions made with style files in the way described below remain local
to the current document.  For example, if one package uses AMSTeX, the
style file will make @b{Ref@TeX{}} switch over to @code{\eqref}, but
this will not affect other documents.@refill

@findex reftex-add-label-environments
@findex reftex-add-to-label-alist
A style hook may contain calls to
@code{reftex-add-label-environments}@footnote{This used to be the
function @code{reftex-add-to-label-alist} which is still available as an
alias for compatibility.}  which defines additions to
@code{reftex-label-alist}.  The argument taken by this function must have
the same format as @code{reftex-label-alist}.  The @file{amsmath.el}
style file of AUCTeX for example contains the following:@refill

@lisp
@group
(TeX-add-style-hook "amsmath"
   (lambda ()
     (if (fboundp 'reftex-add-label-environments)
         (reftex-add-label-environments '(AMSTeX)))))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
@findex LaTeX-add-environments, @r{AUCTeX}
while a package @code{myprop} defining a @code{proposition} environment
with @code{\newtheorem} might use@refill

@lisp
@group
(TeX-add-style-hook "myprop"
   (lambda ()
     (LaTeX-add-environments '("proposition" LaTeX-env-label))
     (if (fboundp 'reftex-add-label-environments)
         (reftex-add-label-environments
          '(("proposition" ?p "prop:" "~\\ref@{%s@}" t
                           ("Proposition" "Prop.") -3))))))
@end group
@end lisp

@findex reftex-set-cite-format
Similarly, a style hook may contain a call to
@code{reftex-set-cite-format} to set the citation format.  The style
file @file{natbib.el} for the Natbib citation style does switch
@b{Ref@TeX{}}'s citation format like this:@refill

@lisp
(TeX-add-style-hook "natbib"
   (lambda ()
     (if (fboundp 'reftex-set-cite-format)
         (reftex-set-cite-format 'natbib))))
@end lisp

@findex reftex-add-index-macros 
The hook may contain a call to @code{reftex-add-index-macros} to
define additional @code{\index}-like macros.  The argument must have
the same format as @code{reftex-index-macros}.  It may be a symbol, to
trigger support for one of the builtin index packages.  For example,
the style @file{multind.el} contains

@lisp
(TeX-add-style-hook "multind"
  (lambda ()
    (and (fboundp 'reftex-add-index-macros)
         (reftex-add-index-macros '(multind)))))
@end lisp

If you have your own package @file{myindex} which defines the
following macros to be used with the LaTeX @file{index.sty} file
@example
\newcommand@{\molec@}[1]@{#1\index@{Molecules!#1@}@}
\newcommand@{\aindex@}[1]@{#1\index[author]@{#1@}
@end example

you could write this in the style file @file{myindex.el}:

@lisp
(TeX-add-style-hook "myindex"
   (lambda ()
     (TeX-add-symbols
      '("molec" TeX-arg-index)
      '("aindex" TeX-arg-index))
     (if (fboundp 'reftex-add-index-macros)
         (reftex-add-index-macros
          '(("molec@{*@}" "idx" ?m "Molecules!" nil nil)
            ("aindex@{*@}" "author" ?a "" nil nil))))))
@end lisp

@findex reftex-add-section-levels
Finally the hook may contain a call to @code{reftex-add-section-levels}
to define additional section statements.  For example, the FoilTeX class
has just two headers, @code{\foilhead} and @code{\rotatefoilhead}.  Here
is a style file @file{foils.el} that will inform @b{Ref@TeX{}} about these:

@lisp
(TeX-add-style-hook "foils"
   (lambda ()
     (if (fboundp 'reftex-add-section-levels)
         (reftex-add-section-levels '(("foilhead" . 3)
                                      ("rotatefoilhead" . 3))))))
@end lisp

@node Bib-Cite, , Style Files, AUCTeX
@subsection Bib-Cite
@cindex @code{bib-cite}, Emacs package
@cindex Emacs packages, @code{bib-cite}

Once you have written a document with labels, references and citations,
it can be nice to read it like a hypertext document.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} has
support for that: @code{reftex-view-crossref} (bound to @kbd{C-c
&}), @code{reftex-mouse-view-crossref} (bound to @kbd{S-mouse-2}), and
@code{reftex-search-document}.  A somewhat fancier interface with mouse
highlighting is provided (among other things) by Peter S. Galbraith's
@file{bib-cite.el}.  There is some overlap in the functionalities of
Bib-cite and @b{Ref@TeX{}}.  Bib-cite.el comes bundled with
AUCTeX.@refill

Bib-cite version 3.06 and later can be configured so that bib-cite's
mouse functions use @b{Ref@TeX{}} for displaying references and citations.
This can be useful in particular when working with the LaTeX @code{xr}
package or with an explicit @code{thebibliography} environment (rather
than BibTeX).  Bib-cite cannot handle those, but @b{Ref@TeX{}} does.  To
make use of this feature, try@refill

@vindex bib-cite-use-reftex-view-crossref
@lisp
(setq bib-cite-use-reftex-view-crossref t)
@end lisp

@page
@node Problems and Work-Arounds, Imprint, Optimizations, Top
@section Problems and Work-arounds
@cindex Problems and work-arounds

@itemize @bullet
@item
@b{LaTeX commands}@*
@cindex LaTeX commands, not found
@code{\input}, @code{\include}, @code{\bibliography} and @code{\section}
(etc.) statements have to be first on a line (except for white space).@refill

@item
@b{Commented regions}@*
@cindex Labels, commented out
@b{Ref@TeX{}} sees also labels in regions commented out and will refuse to
make duplicates of such labels.  This is considered to be a feature.@refill

@item
@b{Wrong section numbers}@*
@cindex Section numbers, wrong
@vindex reftex-enable-partial-scans
When using partial scans (@code{reftex-enable-partial-scans}), the section
numbers in the table of contents may eventually become wrong.  A full
scan will fix this.@refill

@item
@b{Local settings}@*
@cindex Settings, local
@findex reftex-add-label-environments
@findex reftex-set-cite-format
@findex reftex-add-section-levels
The label environment definitions in @code{reftex-label-alist} are
global and apply to all documents.  If you need to make definitions
local to a document, because they would interfere with settings in other
documents, you should use AUCTeX and set up style files with calls to
@code{reftex-add-label-environments}, @code{reftex-set-cite-format},
@code{reftex-add-index-macros}, and @code{reftex-add-section-levels}.
Settings made with these functions remain local to the current
document. @xref{AUCTeX}.@refill

@item
@b{Funny display in selection buffer}@*
@cindex @code{x-symbol}, Emacs package
@cindex Emacs packages, @code{x-symbol}
@cindex @code{isotex}, Emacs package
@cindex Emacs packages, @code{isotex}
@cindex @code{iso-cvt}, Emacs package
@cindex Emacs packages, @code{iso-cvt}
When using packages which make the buffer representation of a file
different from its disk representation (e.g. x-symbol, isotex,
iso-cvt) you may find that @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s parsing information sometimes
reflects the disk state of a file.  This happens only in @emph{unvisited}
parts of a multifile document, because @b{Ref@TeX{}} visits these files
literally for speed reasons.  Then both short context and section
headings may look different from what you usually see on your screen.
In rare cases @code{reftex-toc} may have problems to jump to an affected
section heading.  There are three possible ways to deal with
this:@refill 
@itemize @minus
@item
@vindex reftex-keep-temporary-buffers
@code{(setq reftex-keep-temporary-buffers t)}@*
This implies that @b{Ref@TeX{}} will load all parts of a multifile
document into Emacs (i.e. there won't be any temporary buffers).@refill
@item
@vindex reftex-initialize-temporary-buffers
@code{(setq reftex-initialize-temporary-buffers t)}@*
This means full initialization of temporary buffers.  It involves
a penalty when the same unvisited file is used for lookup often.@refill
@item
Set @code{reftex-initialize-temporary-buffers} to a list of hook
functions doing a minimal initialization.@refill
@end itemize
@vindex reftex-refontify-context
See also the variable @code{reftex-refontify-context}.

@item
@b{Labels as arguments to \begin}@*
@cindex @code{pf}, LaTeX package
@cindex LaTeX packages, @code{pf}
Some packages use an additional argument to a @code{\begin} macro
to specify a label.  E.g. Lamport's @file{pf.sty} uses both
@example
\step@{@var{label}@}@{@var{claim}@}   and      \begin@{step+@}@{@var{label}@}
                                  @var{claim}
                               \end@{step+@}
@end example

@noindent
We need to trick @b{Ref@TeX{}} into swallowing this:

@lisp
@group
;; Configuration for Lamport's pf.sty
(setq reftex-label-alist
  '(("\\step@{*@}@{@}"       ?p "st:" "~\\stepref@{%s@}" 2 ("Step" "St."))
    ("\\begin@{step+@}@{*@}" ?p "st:" "~\\stepref@{%s@}" 1000)))
@end group
@end lisp

@noindent
The first line is just a normal configuration for a macro.  For the
@code{step+} environment we actually tell @b{Ref@TeX{}} to look for the
@emph{macro} @samp{\begin@{step+@}} and interpret the @emph{first}
argument (which really is a second argument to the macro @code{\begin})
as a label of type @code{?p}.  Argument count for this macro starts only
after the @samp{@{step+@}}, also when specifying how to get
context.@refill 

@item
@b{Idle timers in XEmacs}@*
@cindex Idle timer restart
@vindex reftex-use-itimer-in-xemacs
In XEmacs, idle timer restart does not work reliably after fast
keystrokes.  Therefore @b{Ref@TeX{}} currently uses the post command
hook to start the timer used for automatic crossref information.  When
this bug gets fixed, a real idle timer can be requested with
@lisp
(setq reftex-use-itimer-in-xemacs t)
@end lisp

@item
@b{Viper mode}@*
@cindex Viper mode
@cindex Key bindings, problems with Viper mode
@findex viper-harness-minor-mode
With @i{Viper} mode prior to Vipers version 3.01, you need to protect
@b{Ref@TeX{}}'s keymaps with@refill

@lisp
(viper-harness-minor-mode "reftex")
@end lisp

@end itemize

@page
@node Imprint, Commands, Problems and Work-Arounds, Top
@section Imprint
@cindex Imprint
@cindex Maintainer
@cindex Acknowledgments
@cindex Thanks
@cindex Bug reports
@cindex @code{http}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} home page
@cindex @code{ftp}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} site

@b{Ref@TeX{}} was written by @i{@value{AUTHOR}}
@email{@value{AUTHOR-EMAIL}}, with contributions by @i{Stephen
Eglen}.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} is currently maintained by @refill

@noindent
@value{MAINTAINER} @email{@value{MAINTAINER-EMAIL}}

If you have questions about @b{Ref@TeX{}}, there are several Usenet
groups which have competent readers: @code{comp.emacs},
@code{gnu.emacs.help}, @code{comp.emacs.xemacs}, @code{comp.text.tex}.
You can also write directly to the maintainer.

If you find a bug in @b{Ref@TeX{}} or its documentation, or if you want
to contribute code or ideas, please
@uref{mailto:@value{MAINTAINER-EMAIL},contact the maintainer}.  Remember
to provide all necessary information such as version numbers of Emacs
and @b{Ref@TeX{}}, and the relevant part of your configuration in
@file{.emacs}.  When reporting a bug which throws an exception, please
include a backtrace if you know how to produce one.

@b{Ref@TeX{}} is bundled and pre-installed with Emacs since version 20.2.
It was also bundled and pre-installed with XEmacs 19.16--20.x.  XEmacs
21.x users want to install the corresponding plugin package which is
available from the XEmacs @code{ftp} site.  See the XEmacs 21.x
documentation on package installation for details.@refill

Users of earlier Emacs distributions (including Emacs 19) can get a
@b{Ref@TeX{}} distribution from the
@uref{http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/~dominik/Tools/,maintainers
webpage}.  Note that the Emacs 19 version supports many but not all
features described in this manual.@refill

Thanks to the people on the Net who have used @b{Ref@TeX{}} and helped
developing it with their reports.  In particular thanks to @i{Fran
Burstall, Alastair Burt, Soren Dayton, Stephen Eglen, Karl Eichwalder,
Erik Frik, Peter Galbraith, Kai Grossjohann, Frank Harrell, Dieter
Kraft, Adrian Lanz, Rory Molinari, Stefan Monnier, Laurent Mugnier,
Sudeep Kumar Palat, Daniel Polani, Robin Socha, Richard Stanton, Allan
Strand, Jan Vroonhof, Christoph Wedler, Alan Williams}.@refill

The @code{view-crossref} feature was inspired by @i{Peter Galbraith's}
@file{bib-cite.el}.@refill

Finally thanks to @i{Uwe Bolick} who first got me (some years ago) into
supporting LaTeX labels and references with an editor (which was
MicroEmacs at the time).@refill

@node Commands, Options, Imprint, Top
@chapter Commands
@cindex Commands, list of

Here is a summary of @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s commands which can be executed from
LaTeX files.  Command which are executed from the special buffers are
not described here.  All commands are available from the @code{Ref}
menu.  See @xref{Key Bindings}.

@deffn Command reftex-toc
Show the table of contents for the current document.  When called with
one ore two @kbd{C-u} prefixes, rescan the document first.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-label
Insert a unique label.  With one or two @kbd{C-u} prefixes, enforce
document rescan first.
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-reference
Start a selection process to select a label, and insert a reference to
it.  With one or two @kbd{C-u} prefixes, enforce document rescan first.
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-citation
Make a citation using BibTeX database files.  After prompting for a regular
expression, scans the buffers with BibTeX entries (taken from the
@code{\bibliography} command or a @code{thebibliography} environment)
and offers the matching entries for selection.  The selected entry is
formated according to @code{reftex-cite-format} and inserted into the
buffer.@refill @*
When called with one or two @kbd{C-u} prefixes, first rescans the
document.  When called with a numeric prefix, make that many citations.
When called with point inside the braces of a @code{\cite} command, it
will add another key, ignoring the value of
@code{reftex-cite-format}.@refill @* 
The regular expression uses an expanded syntax: @samp{&&} is interpreted
as @code{and}.  Thus, @samp{aaaa&&bbb} matches entries which contain
both @samp{aaaa} and @samp{bbb}.  While entering the regexp, completion
on knows citation keys is possible.  @samp{=} is a good regular
expression to match all entries in all files.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-index
Query for an index macro and insert it along with its arguments.  The
index macros available are those defined in @code{reftex-index-macro} or
by a call to @code{reftex-add-index-macros}, typically from an AUCTeX
style file.  @b{Ref@TeX{}} provides completion for the index tag and the
index key, and will prompt for other arguments.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-index-selection-or-word
Put current selection or the word near point into the default index
macro.  This uses the information in @code{reftex-index-default-macro}
to make an index entry.  The phrase indexed is the current selection or
the word near point.  When called with one @kbd{C-u} prefix, let the
user have a chance to edit the index entry.  When called with 2
@kbd{C-u} as prefix, also ask for the index macro and other stuff.  When
called inside TeX math mode as determined by the @file{texmathp.el}
library which is part of AUCTeX, the string is first processed with the
@code{reftex-index-math-format}, which see.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-index-phrase-selection-or-word
Add current selection or the word at point to the phrases buffer.
When you are in transient-mark-mode and the region is active, the
selection will be used - otherwise the word at point.
You get a chance to edit the entry in the phrases buffer - to save the
buffer and return to the LaTeX document, finish with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-index-visit-phrases-buffer
Switch to the phrases buffer, initialize if empty.
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-index-phrases-apply-to-region
Index all index phrases in the current region.
This works exactly like global indexing from the index phrases buffer,
but operation is restricted to the current region.
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-display-index
Display a buffer with an index compiled from the current document.
When the document has multiple indices, first prompts for the correct one.
When index support is turned off, offer to turn it on.
With one or two @kbd{C-u} prefixes, rescan document first.
With prefix 2, restrict index to current document section.
With prefix 3, restrict index to active region.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-view-crossref
View cross reference of macro at point.  Point must be on the @var{key}
argument.  Works with the macros @code{\label}, @code{\ref},
@code{\cite}, @code{\bibitem}, @code{\index} and many derivatives of
these.  Where it makes sense, subsequent calls show additional
locations.  See also the variable @code{reftex-view-crossref-extra} and
the command @code{reftex-view-crossref-from-bibtex}.  With one or two
@kbd{C-u} prefixes, enforce rescanning of the document.  With argument
2, select the window showing the cross reference.
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-view-crossref-from-bibtex
View location in a LaTeX document which cites the BibTeX entry at point.
Since BibTeX files can be used by many LaTeX documents, this function
prompts upon first use for a buffer in @b{Ref@TeX{}} mode.  To reset this
link to a document, call the function with with a prefix arg.  Calling
this function several times find successive citation locations.
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-create-tags-file
Create TAGS file by running @code{etags} on the current document.  The
TAGS file is also immediately visited with
@code{visit-tags-table}.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-grep-document
Run grep query through all files related to this document.
With prefix arg, force to rescan document.
No active TAGS table is required.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-search-document
Regexp search through all files of the current document.
Starts always in the master file.  Stops when a match is found.
No active TAGS table is required.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-query-replace-document
Run a query-replace-regexp of @var{from} with @var{to} over the entire
document.  With prefix arg, replace only word-delimited matches.  No
active TAGS table is required.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-change-label
Query replace @var{from} with @var{to} in all @code{\label} and
@code{\ref} commands.  Works on the entire multifile document.  No
active TAGS table is required.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-renumber-simple-labels
Renumber all simple labels in the document to make them sequentially.
Simple labels are the ones created by RefTeX, consisting only of the
prefix and a number.  After the command completes, all these labels will
have sequential numbers throughout the document.  Any references to the
labels will be changed as well.  For this, @b{Ref@TeX{}} looks at the
arguments of any macros which either start or end with the string
@samp{ref}.  This command should be used with care, in particular in
multifile documents.  You should not use it if another document refers
to this one with the @code{xr} package.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-find-duplicate-labels
Produce a list of all duplicate labels in the document.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Command reftex-customize
Run the customize browser on the @b{Ref@TeX{}} group.
@end deffn
@deffn Command reftex-show-commentary
Show the commentary section from @file{reftex.el}.
@end deffn
@deffn Command reftex-info
Run info on the top @b{Ref@TeX{}} node.
@end deffn
@deffn Command reftex-parse-document
Parse the entire document in order to update the parsing information.
@end deffn
@deffn Command reftex-reset-mode
Enforce rebuilding of several internal lists and variables.  Also
removes the parse file associated with the current document.
@end deffn

@node Options, Keymaps and Hooks, Commands, Top
@chapter Options, Keymaps, Hooks
@cindex Options, list of

Here is a complete list of @b{Ref@TeX{}}'s configuration variables.  All
variables have customize support - so if you are not familiar with Emacs
Lisp (and even if you are) you might find it more comfortable to use
@code{customize} to look at and change these variables. @kbd{M-x
reftex-customize} will get you there.@refill

@menu
* Options (Table of Contents)::
* Options (Defining Label Environments)::
* Options (Creating Labels)::
* Options (Referencing Labels)::
* Options (Creating Citations)::
* Options (Index Support)::
* Options (Viewing Cross-References)::
* Options (Finding Files)::
* Options (Optimizations)::
* Options (Fontification)::
* Options (Misc)::
@end menu

@node Options (Table of Contents), Options (Defining Label Environments), ,  Options
@section Table of Contents
@cindex Options, table of contents
@cindex Table of contents, options

@defopt reftex-toc-max-level
The maximum level of toc entries which will be included in the TOC.
Section headings with a bigger level will be ignored.  In RefTeX,
chapters are level 1, sections level 2 etc.  This variable can be
changed from within the @file{*toc*} buffer with the @kbd{t} key.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-toc-keep-other-windows
Non-@code{nil} means, split the selected window to display the
@file{*toc*} buffer.  This helps to keep the window configuration, but
makes the @file{*toc*} small.  When @code{nil}, all other windows except
the selected one will be deleted, so that the @file{*toc*} window fills
half the frame.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-toc-include-file-boundaries
Non-@code{nil} means, include file boundaries in @file{*toc*} buffer.
This flag can be toggled from within the @file{*toc*} buffer with the
@kbd{i} key.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-toc-include-labels
Non-@code{nil} means, include labels in @file{*toc*} buffer.  This flag
can be toggled from within the @file{*toc*} buffer with the @kbd{l}
key.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-toc-include-index-entries
Non-@code{nil} means, include index entries in @file{*toc*} buffer.
This flag can be toggled from within the @file{*toc*} buffer with the
@kbd{i} key.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-toc-include-context
Non-@code{nil} means, include context with labels in the @file{*toc*}
buffer.  Context will only be shown if the labels are visible as well.
This flag can be toggled from within the @file{*toc*} buffer with the
@kbd{c} key.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-toc-follow-mode
Non-@code{nil} means, point in @file{*toc*} buffer (the
table-of-contents buffer) will cause other window to follow.  The other
window will show the corresponding part of the document.  This flag can
be toggled from within the @file{*toc*} buffer with the @kbd{f}
key.@refill
@end defopt

@deffn {Normal Hook} reftex-toc-mode-hook
Normal hook which is run when a @file{*toc*} buffer is
created.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Keymap reftex-toc-map
The keymap which is active in the @file{*toc*} buffer.
(@pxref{Table of Contents}).@refill
@end deffn

@node Options (Defining Label Environments), Options (Creating Labels), Options (Table of Contents), Options
@section Defining Label Environments
@cindex Options, defining label environments
@cindex Defining label environments, options

@defopt reftex-default-label-alist-entries
Default label alist specifications.  It is a list of symbols with
associations in the constant @code{reftex-label-alist-builtin}.
@code{LaTeX} should always be the last entry.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-label-alist
Set this variable to define additions and changes to the defaults in
@code{reftex-default-label-alist-entries}.  The only things you
@emph{must not} change is that @code{?s} is the type indicator for
section labels, and @key{SPC} for the @code{any} label type.  These are
hard-coded at other places in the code.@refill

The value of the variable must be a list of items.  Each item is a list
itself and has the following structure:

@example
 (@var{env-or-macro}  @var{type-key}  @var{label-prefix}  @var{reference-format}
    @var{context-method}  (@var{magic-word} ... )  @var{toc-level})
@end example

Each list entry describes either an environment carrying a counter for
use with @code{\label} and @code{\ref}, or a LaTeX macro defining a
label as (or inside) one of its arguments.  The elements of each list
entry are:@refill

@table @asis
@item @var{env-or-macro}
Name of the environment (like @samp{table}) or macro (like
@samp{\myfig}).  For macros, indicate the arguments, as in
@samp{\myfig[]@{@}@{@}@{*@}@{@}}.  Use square brackets for optional
arguments, a star to mark the label argument, if any.  The macro does
not have to have a label argument - you could also use
@samp{\label@{...@}} inside one of its arguments.@refill

Special names: @code{section} for section labels, @code{any} to define a
group which contains all labels.@refill

This may also be a function to do local parsing and identify point to be
in a a non-standard label environment.  The function must take an
argument @var{bound} and limit backward searches to this value.  It
should return either nil or a cons cell @code{(@var{function}
. @var{position})} with the function symbol and the position where the
special environment starts.  See the Info documentation for an
example.@refill

Finally this may also be @code{nil} if the entry is only meant to change
some settings associated with the type indicator character (see
below).@refill

@item @var{type-key}
Type indicator character, like @code{?t}, must be a printable ASCII
character.  The type indicator is a single character which defines a
label type.  Any label inside the environment or macro is assumed to
belong to this type.  The same character may occur several times in this
list, to cover cases in which different environments carry the same
label type (like @code{equation} and @code{eqnarray}).  If the type
indicator is @code{nil} and the macro has a label argument @samp{@{*@}},
the macro defines neutral labels just like @code{\label}.  In this case
the reminder of this entry is ignored.@refill

@item @var{label-prefix}
Label prefix string, like @samp{tab:}.  The prefix is a short string
used as the start of a label.  It may be the empty string.  The prefix
may contain the following @samp{%} escapes:@refill

@example
%f Current file name, directory and extension stripped.
%F Current file name relative to master file directory.
%u User login name, on systems which support this.
%S A section prefix derived with variable @code{reftex-section-prefixes}.
@end example

@noindent
Example: In a file @file{intro.tex}, @samp{eq:%f:} will become
@samp{eq:intro:}.@refill

@item @var{reference-format}
Format string for reference insert in buffer.  @samp{%s} will be
replaced by the label.  When the format starts with @samp{~}, this
@samp{~} will only be inserted when the character before point is
@emph{not} a whitespace.@refill

@item @var{context-method}
Indication on how to find the short context.
@itemize @minus
@item
If @code{nil}, use the text following the @samp{\label@{...@}} macro.@refill
@item
If @code{t}, use
@itemize @minus
@item
the section heading for section labels.
@item
text following the @samp{\begin@{...@}} statement of environments (not
a good choice for environments like eqnarray or enumerate, where one has
several labels in a single environment).@refill
@item
text after the macro name (starting with the first arg) for
macros.@refill
@end itemize
@item
If an integer, use the nth argument of the macro.  As a special case,
1000 means to get text after the last macro argument.@refill
@item
If a string, use as regexp to search @emph{backward} from the label.
Context is then the text following the end of the match.  E.g. putting
this to @samp{\\caption[[@{]} will use the caption in a figure or table
environment.  @samp{\\begin@{eqnarray@}\|\\\\} works for
eqnarrays.@refill
@item
If any of @code{caption}, @code{item}, @code{eqnarray-like},
@code{alignat-like}, this symbol will internally be translated into an
appropriate regexp (see also the variable
@code{reftex-default-context-regexps}).@refill
@item
If a function, call this function with the name of the environment/macro
as argument.  On call, point will be just after the @code{\label} macro.
The function is expected to return a suitable context string.  It should
throw an exception (error) when failing to find context.  As an example,
here is a function returning the 10 chars following the label macro as
context:@refill

@example
(defun my-context-function (env-or-mac)
   (if (> (point-max) (+ 10 (point)))
       (buffer-substring (point) (+ 10 (point)))
     (error "Buffer too small")))
@end example
@end itemize

Label context is used in two ways by @b{Ref@TeX{}}: For display in the label
menu, and to derive a label string.  If you want to use a different
method for each of these, specify them as a dotted pair.
E.g. @code{(nil . t)} uses the text after the label (@code{nil}) for
display, and text from the default position (@code{t}) to derive a label
string.  This is actually used for section labels.@refill

@item @var{magic-word-list}
List of magic words which identify a reference to be of this type.  If
the word before point is equal to one of these words when calling
@code{reftex-reference}, the label list offered will be automatically
restricted to labels of the correct type.  If the first element of this
word--list is the symbol `regexp', the strings are interpreted as regular
expressions.@refill

@item @var{toc-level}
The integer level at which this environment should be added to the table
of contents.  See also @code{reftex-section-levels}.  A positive value
will number the entries mixed with the sectioning commands of the same
level.  A negative value will make unnumbered entries.  Useful only for
theorem-like environments which structure the document.  Will be ignored
for macros.  When omitted or @code{nil}, no TOC entries will be
made.@refill
@end table

If the type indicator characters of two or more entries are the same,
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will use@refill
@itemize @minus
@item
the first non-@code{nil} format and prefix
@item
the magic words of all involved entries.
@end itemize

Any list entry may also be a symbol.  If that has an association in
@code{reftex-label-alist-builtin}, the @code{cddr} of that association is
spliced into the list.  However, builtin defaults should normally be set
with the variable @code{reftex-default-label-alist-entries}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-max-section-depth
Maximum depth of section levels in document structure.
Standard LaTeX needs 7, default is 12.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-section-levels
Commands and levels used for defining sections in the document.  The
@code{car} of each cons cell is the name of the section macro.  The
@code{cdr} is a number indicating its level.  A negative level means the
same as the positive value, but the section will never get a
number.  The @code{cdr} may also be a function which then has to return
the level.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-section-prefixes
Prefixes for section labels.  When the label prefix given in an entry in
@code{reftex-label-alist} contains @samp{%S}, this list is used to
determine the correct prefix string depending on the current section
level.  The list is an alist, with each entry of the form
@w{@code{(@var{key} . @var{prefix})}}. Possible keys are sectioning macro
names like @samp{chapter}, integer section levels (as given in
@code{reftex-section-levels}), and @code{t} for the default.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-default-context-regexps
Alist with default regular expressions for finding context.  The emacs
lisp form @w{@code{(format regexp (regexp-quote environment))}} is used
to calculate the final regular expression - so @samp{%s} will be
replaced with the environment or macro.@refill
@end defopt

@node Options (Creating Labels), Options (Referencing Labels), Options (Defining Label Environments), Options
@section Creating Labels
@cindex Options, creating labels
@cindex Creating labels, options

@defopt reftex-insert-label-flags
Flags governing label insertion.  The value has the form

@example
(@var{derive} @var{prompt})
@end example

If @var{derive}is @code{t}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will try to derive a sensible
label from context.  A section label for example will be derived from
the section heading.  The conversion of the context to a legal label is
governed by the specifications given in
@code{reftex-derive-label-parameters}.  If @var{derive} is @code{nil},
the default label will consist of the prefix and a unique number, like
@samp{eq:23}.@refill

If @var{prompt} is @code{t}, the user will be prompted for a label
string.  When @var{prompt} is @code{nil}, the default label will be
inserted without query.@refill

So the combination of @var{derive} and @var{prompt} controls label
insertion.  Here is a table describing all four possibilities:@refill

@example
@group
@var{derive} @var{prompt} @var{action}
-----------------------------------------------------------
nil    nil    @r{Insert simple label, like @samp{eq:22} or @samp{sec:13}. No query.}
nil    t      @r{Prompt for label.}
t      nil    @r{Derive a label from context and insert. No query.}
t      t      @r{Derive a label from context, prompt for confirmation.}
@end group
@end example

Each flag may be set to @code{t}, @code{nil}, or a string of label type
letters indicating the label types for which it should be true.  Thus,
the combination may be set differently for each label type.  The default
settings @samp{"s"} and @samp{"sft"} mean: Derive section labels from
headings (with confirmation).  Prompt for figure and table labels.  Use
simple labels without confirmation for everything else.@refill

The available label types are: @code{s} (section), @code{f} (figure),
@code{t} (table), @code{i} (item), @code{e} (equation), @code{n}
(footnote), @code{N} (endnote) plus any definitions in
@code{reftex-label-alist}.@refill
@end defopt

@deffn Hook reftex-format-label-function
If non-@code{nil}, should be a function which produces the string to
insert as a label definition.  The function will be called with two
arguments, the @var{label} and the @var{default-format} (usually
@samp{\label@{%s@}}).  It should return the string to insert into the
buffer.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Hook reftex-string-to-label-function
Function to turn an arbitrary string into a legal label.
@b{Ref@TeX{}}'s default function uses the variable
@code{reftex-derive-label-parameters}.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Hook reftex-translate-to-ascii-function
Filter function which will process a context string before it is used to
derive a label from it.  The intended application is to convert ISO or
Mule characters into something legal in labels.  The default function
@code{reftex-latin1-to-ascii} removes the accents from Latin-1
characters.  X-Symbol (>=2.6) sets this variable to the much more
general @code{x-symbol-translate-to-ascii}.@refill
@end deffn

@defopt reftex-derive-label-parameters
Parameters for converting a string into a label.  This variable is a
list of the following items:@refill
@table @asis
@item @var{nwords}
Number of words to use.
@item @var{maxchar}
Maximum number of characters in a label string.
@item @var{illegal}
@code{nil}: Throw away any words containing characters illegal in labels.@*
@code{t}:   Throw away only the illegal characters, not the whole word.
@item @var{abbrev}
@code{nil}: Never abbreviate words.@*
@code{t}:   Always abbreviate words (see @code{reftex-abbrev-parameters}).@*
@code{1}:   Abbreviate words if necessary to shorten label string.
@item @var{separator}
String separating different words in the label.
@item @var{ignorewords}
List of words which should not be part of labels.
@item @var{downcase}
@code{t}:   Downcase words before putting them into the label.@*
@end table
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-label-illegal-re
Regexp matching characters not legal in labels.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-abbrev-parameters
Parameters for abbreviation of words.  A list of four parameters.@refill
@table @asis
@item @var{min-chars}
Minimum number of characters remaining after abbreviation.
@item @var{min-kill}
Minimum number of characters to remove when abbreviating words.@refill
@item @var{before}
Character class before abbrev point in word.@refill
@item @var{after}
Character class after  abbrev point in word.@refill
@end table
@end defopt

@node Options (Referencing Labels), Options (Creating Citations), Options (Creating Labels), Options
@section Referencing Labels
@cindex Options, referencing labels
@cindex Referencing labels, options

@defopt reftex-label-menu-flags
List of flags governing the label menu makeup. The flags are:
@table @asis
@item @var{table-of-contents}
Show the labels embedded in a table of context.@refill
@item @var{section-numbers}
Include section numbers (like 4.1.3) in table of contents.@refill
@item @var{counters}
Show counters.  This just numbers the labels in the menu.@refill
@item @var{no-context}
Non-@code{nil} means do @emph{not} show the short context.@refill
@item @var{follow}
Follow full context in other window.@refill
@item @var{show-commented}
Show labels from regions which are commented out.@refill
@item @var{match-everywhere}
Obsolete flag.@refill
@item @var{show-files}
Show begin and end of included files.@refill
@end table

Each of these flags can be set to @code{t} or @code{nil}, or to a string
of type letters indicating the label types for which it should be true.
These strings work like character classes in regular expressions.  Thus,
setting one of the flags to @samp{"sf"} makes the flag true for section
and figure labels, @code{nil} for everything else.  Setting it to
@samp{"^sf"} makes it the other way round.@refill

The available label types are: @code{s} (section), @code{f} (figure),
@code{t} (table), @code{i} (item), @code{e} (equation), @code{n}
(footnote), plus any definitions in @code{reftex-label-alist}.@refill

Most options can also be switched from the label menu itself - so if you
decide here to not have a table of contents in the label menu, you can
still get one interactively during selection from the label menu.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-multiref-punctuation
Punctuation strings for multiple references.  When marking is used in
the selection buffer to select several references, this variable
associates the 3 marking characters @samp{,-+} with prefix strings to be
inserted into the buffer before the corresponding @code{\ref} macro.
This is used to string together whole reference sets, like
@samp{eqs. 1,2,3-5,6 and 7} in a single call to
@code{reftex-reference}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-vref-is-default
Non-@code{nil} means, the varioref macro @code{\vref} is used as
default.  In the selection buffer, the @kbd{v} key toggles the reference
macro between @code{\ref} and @code{\vref}.  The value of this variable
determines the default which is active when entering the selection
process.  Instead of @code{nil} or @code{t}, this may also be a string
of type letters indicating the label types for which it should be
true.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-fref-is-default
Non-@code{nil} means, the fancyref macro @code{\fref} is used as
default.  In the selection buffer, the @kbd{V} key toggles the reference
macro between @code{\ref}, @code{\fref} and @code{\Fref}.  The value of
this variable determines the default which is active when entering the
selection process.  Instead of @code{nil} or @code{t}, this may also be
a string of type letters indicating the label types for which it should
be true.
@end defopt

@deffn Hook reftex-format-ref-function
If non-@code{nil}, should be a function which produces the string to
insert as a reference.  Note that the insertion format can also be
changed with @code{reftex-label-alist}.  This hook also is used by the
special commands to insert @code{\vref} and @code{\fref} references, so
even if you set this, your setting will be ignored by the special
commands.  The function will be called with two arguments, the
@var{label} and the @var{default-format} (usually @samp{~\ref@{%s@}}).
It should return the string to insert into the buffer.@refill
@end deffn

@defopt reftex-level-indent
Number of spaces to be used for indentation per section level.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-guess-label-type
Non-@code{nil} means, @code{reftex-reference} will try to guess the
label type.  To do that, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will look at the word before the
cursor and compare it with the magic words given in
@code{reftex-label-alist}.  When it finds a match, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will
immediately offer the correct label menu - otherwise it will prompt you
for a label type.  If you set this variable to @code{nil}, @b{Ref@TeX{}}
will always prompt for a label type.@refill
@end defopt

@deffn {Normal Hook} reftex-display-copied-context-hook
Normal Hook which is run before context is displayed anywhere.  Designed
for @w{@code{X-Symbol}}, but may have other uses as well.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn Hook reftex-pre-refontification-functions
@code{X-Symbol} specific hook.  Probably not useful for other purposes.
The functions get two arguments, the buffer from where the command
started and a symbol indicating in what context the hook is
called.@refill
@end deffn

@deffn {Normal Hook} reftex-select-label-mode-hook
Normal hook which is run when a selection buffer enters
@code{reftex-select-label-mode}.@refill 
@end deffn

@deffn Keymap reftex-select-label-map
The keymap which is active in the labels selection process
(@pxref{Referencing Labels}).@refill
@end deffn

@node Options (Creating Citations), Options (Index Support), Options (Referencing Labels), Options
@section Creating Citations
@cindex Options, creating citations
@cindex Creating citations, options

@defopt reftex-bibfile-ignore-regexps
List of regular expressions to exclude files in
@code{\\bibliography@{..@}}.  File names matched by any of these regexps
will not be parsed.  Intended for files which contain only
@code{@@string} macro definitions and the like, which are ignored by
@b{Ref@TeX{}} anyway.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-default-bibliography
List of BibTeX database files which should be used if none are specified.
When @code{reftex-citation} is called from a document with neither
a @samp{\bibliography@{...@}} statement nor a @code{thebibliography}
environment, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will scan these files instead.  Intended for
using @code{reftex-citation} in non-LaTeX files.  The files will be
searched along the BIBINPUTS or TEXBIB path.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-sort-bibtex-matches
Sorting of the entries found in BibTeX databases by reftex-citation.
Possible values:@refill
@example
nil          @r{Do not sort entries.}
author       @r{Sort entries by author name.}
year         @r{Sort entries by increasing year.}
reverse-year @r{Sort entries by decreasing year.}
@end example
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-cite-format
The format of citations to be inserted into the buffer.  It can be a
string, an alist or a symbol.  In the simplest case this is just the string
@samp{\cite@{%l@}}, which is also the default.  See the definition of
@code{reftex-cite-format-builtin} for more complex examples.@refill

If @code{reftex-cite-format} is a string, it will be used as the format.
In the format, the following percent escapes will be expanded.@refill

@table @code
@item %l
The BibTeX label of the citation.
@item %a
List of author names, see also @code{reftex-cite-punctuation}.
@item %2a
Like %a, but abbreviate more than 2 authors like Jones et al.
@item %A
First author name only.
@item %e
Works like @samp{%a}, but on list of editor names. (@samp{%2e} and
@samp{%E} work a well).@refill
@end table

It is also possible to access all other BibTeX database fields:

@example
%b booktitle     %c chapter        %d edition    %h howpublished
%i institution   %j journal        %k key        %m month
%n number        %o organization   %p pages      %P first page
%r address       %s school         %u publisher  %t title
%v volume        %y year
%B booktitle, abbreviated          %T title, abbreviated
@end example

@noindent
Usually, only @samp{%l} is needed.  The other stuff is mainly for the
echo area display, and for @code{(setq reftex-comment-citations t)}.@refill

@samp{%<} as a special operator kills punctuation and space around it
after the string has been formatted.@refill

Beware that all this only works with BibTeX database files.  When
citations are made from the @code{\bibitems} in an explicit
@code{thebibliography} environment, only @samp{%l} is available.@refill

If @code{reftex-cite-format} is an alist of characters and strings, the
user will be prompted for a character to select one of the possible
format strings.@refill

In order to configure this variable, you can either set
@code{reftex-cite-format} directly yourself or set it to the
@emph{symbol} of one of the predefined styles.  The predefined symbols
are those which have an association in the constant
@code{reftex-cite-format-builtin})  E.g.: @code{(setq reftex-cite-format
'natbib)}.@refill
@end defopt

@deffn Hook reftex-format-cite-function

If non-@code{nil}, should be a function which produces the string to
insert as a citation.  Note that the citation format can also be changed
with the variable @code{reftex-cite-format}.  The function will be
called with two arguments, the @var{citation-key} and the
@var{default-format} (taken from @code{reftex-cite-format}).  It should
return the string to insert into the buffer.@refill
@end deffn

@defopt reftex-comment-citations
Non-@code{nil} means add a comment for each citation describing the full
entry.  The comment is formatted according to
@code{reftex-cite-comment-format}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-cite-comment-format
Citation format used for commented citations.  Must @emph{not} contain
@samp{%l}.  See the variable @code{reftex-cite-format} for possible
percent escapes.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-cite-punctuation
Punctuation for formatting of name lists in citations.  This is a list
of 3 strings.@refill
@enumerate
@item
normal names separator, like @samp{, } in Jones, Brown and Miller
@item
final names separator, like @samp{ and }  in Jones, Brown and Miller
@item
The @samp{et al.} string, like @samp{ @{\it et al.@}} in 
Jones @{\it et al.@}
@end enumerate
@end defopt

@deffn {Normal Hook} reftex-select-bib-mode-hook
Normal hook which is run when a selection buffer enters
@code{reftex-select-bib-mode}.@refill 
@end deffn

@deffn Keymap reftex-select-bib-map
The keymap which is active in the citation-key selection process
(@pxref{Creating Citations}).@refill
@end deffn

@node Options (Index Support), Options (Viewing Cross-References), Options (Creating Citations),  Options
@section Index Support
@cindex Options, Index support
@cindex Index support, options

@defopt reftex-support-index
Non-@code{nil} means, index entries are parsed as well.  Index support
is resource intensive and the internal structure holding the parsed
information can become quite big.  Therefore it can be turned off.  When
this is @code{nil} and you execute a command which requires index
support, you will be asked for confirmation to turn it on and rescan the
document.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-special-chars
List of special characters in index entries, given as strings.  These
correspond to the @code{MakeIndex} keywords 
@code{(@var{level} @var{encap} @var{actual} @var{quote} @var{escape})}.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-macros
List of macros which define index entries.  The structure of each entry
is
@lisp
(@var{macro} @var{index-tag} @var{key} @var{prefix} @var{exclude} @var{repeat})
@end lisp

@var{macro} is the macro.  Arguments should be denoted by empty braces,
as for example in @samp{\index[]@{*@}}.  Use square brackets to denote
optional arguments.  The star marks where the index key is.@refill

@var{index-tag} is a short name of the index.  @samp{idx} and @samp{glo}
are reserved for the default index and the glossary.  Other indices can
be defined as well.  If this is an integer, the Nth argument of the
macro holds the index tag.@refill

@var{key} is a character which is used to identify the macro for input
with @code{reftex-index}.  @samp{?i}, @samp{?I}, and @samp{?g} are
reserved for default index and glossary.@refill

@var{prefix} can be a prefix which is added to the @var{key} part of the
index entry.  If you have a macro
@code{\newcommand@{\molec@}[1]@{#1\index@{Molecules!#1@}}, this prefix
should be @samp{Molecules!}.@refill

@var{exclude} can be a function.  If this function exists and returns a
non-nil value, the index entry at point is ignored.  This was
implemented to support the (deprecated) @samp{^} and @samp{_} shortcuts
in the LaTeX2e @code{index} package.@refill

@var{repeat}, if non-@code{nil}, means the index macro does not typeset
the entry in the text, so that the text has to be repeated outside the
index macro.  Needed for @code{reftex-index-selection-or-word} and for
indexing from the phrase buffer.@refill

The final entry may also be a symbol.  It must have an association in
the variable @code{reftex-index-macros-builtin} to specify the main
indexing package you are using.  Legal values are currently@refill
@example
default         @r{The LaTeX default - unnecessary to specify this one}
multind         @r{The multind.sty package}
index           @r{The index.sty package}
index-shortcut  @r{The index.sty packages with the ^ and _ shortcuts.}
                @r{Should not be used - only for old documents}
@end example
Note that AUCTeX sets these things internally for @b{Ref@TeX{}} as well,
so with a sufficiently new version of AUCTeX, you should not set the
package here.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-default-macro
The default index macro for @code{reftex-index-selection-or-word}.
This is a list with @code{(@var{macro-key} @var{default-tag})}.

@var{macro-key} is a character identifying an index macro - see
@code{reftex-index-macros}.

@var{default-tag} is the tag to be used if the macro requires a
@var{tag} argument.  When this is @code{nil} and a @var{tag} is needed,
@b{Ref@TeX{}} will ask for it.  When this is the empty string and the
TAG argument of the index macro is optional, the TAG argument will be
omitted.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-default-tag
Default index tag.  When working with multiple indexes, RefTeX queries
for an index tag when creating index entries or displaying a specific
index.  This variable controls the default offered for these queries.
The default can be selected with @key{RET} during selection or
completion.  Legal values of this variable are:@refill
@example
nil        @r{Do not provide a default index}
"tag"      @r{The default index tag given as a string, e.g. "idx"}
last       @r{The last used index tag will be offered as default}
@end example
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-math-format
Format of index entries when copied from inside math mode.  When
@code{reftex-index-selection-or-word} is executed inside TeX math mode,
the index key copied from the buffer is processed with this format
string through the @code{format} function.  This can be used to add the
math delimiters (e.g. @samp{$}) to the string.  Requires the
@file{texmathp.el} library which is part of AUCTeX.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrase-file-extension
File extension for the index phrase file.  This extension will be added
to the base name of the master file.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-logical-and-regexp
Regexp matching the @samp{and} operator for index arguments in phrases
file.  When several index arguments in a phrase line are separated by
this operator, each part will generate an index macro.  So each match of
the search phrase will produce @emph{several} different index entries.
Make sure this does no match things which are not separators.  This
logical @samp{and} has higher priority than the logical @samp{or}
specified in @code{reftex-index-phrases-logical-or-regexp}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-logical-or-regexp
Regexp matching the @samp{or} operator for index arguments in phrases
file.  When several index arguments in a phrase line are separated by
this operator, the user will be asked to select one of them at each
match of the search phrase.  The first index arg will be the default.  A
number key @kbd{1}--@kbd{9} must be pressed to switch to another.  Make
sure this does no match things which are not separators.  The logical
@samp{and} specified in @code{reftex-index-phrases-logical-or-regexp}
has higher priority than this logical @samp{or}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-search-whole-words
Non-@code{nil} means phrases search will look for whole words, not subwords.
This works by requiring word boundaries at the beginning and end of
the search string.  When the search phrase already has a non-word-char
at one of these points, no word boundary is required there.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-case-fold-search
Non-@code{nil} means, searching for index phrases will ignore
case.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-skip-indexed-matches
Non-@code{nil} means, skip matches which appear to be indexed already.
When doing global indexing from the phrases buffer, searches for some
phrases may match at places where that phrase was already indexed.  In
particular when indexing an already processed document again, this
will even be the norm.  When this variable is non-@code{nil},
@b{Ref@TeX{}} checks if the match is an index macro argument, or if an
index macro is directly before or after the phrase.  If that is the
case, that match will be ignored.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-wrap-long-lines
Non-@code{nil} means, when indexing from the phrases buffer, wrap lines.
Inserting indexing commands in a line makes the line longer - often
so long that it does not fit onto the screen.  When this variable is
non-@code{nil}, newlines will be added as necessary before and/or after the
indexing command to keep lines short.  However, the matched text
phrase and its index command will always end up on a single line.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-sort-prefers-entry
Non-@code{nil} means when sorting phrase lines, the explicit index entry
is used. Phrase lines in the phrases buffer contain a search phrase, and
sorting is normally based on these.  Some phrase lines also have
an explicit index argument specified.  When this variable is
non-@code{nil}, the index argument will be used for sorting.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-sort-in-blocks
Non-@code{nil} means, empty and comment lines separate phrase buffer
into blocks.  Sorting will then preserve blocks, so that lines are
re-arranged only within blocks.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-map
Keymap for the Index Phrases buffer.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-phrases-mode-hook
Normal hook which is run when a buffer is put into
@code{reftex-index-phrases-mode}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-section-letters
The letters which denote sections in the index.  Usually these are all
capital letters.  Don't use any downcase letters.  Order is not
significant, the index will be sorted by whatever the sort function
thinks is correct.  In addition to these letters, @b{Ref@TeX{}} will
create a group @samp{!} which contains all entries sorted below the
lowest specified letter.  In the @file{*Index*} buffer, pressing any of
these capital letters or @kbd{!} will jump to that section.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-include-context
Non-@code{nil} means, display the index definition context in the
@file{*Index*} buffer.  This flag may also be toggled from the
@file{*Index*} buffer with the @kbd{c} key.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-index-follow-mode
Non-@code{nil} means, point in @file{*Index*} buffer will cause other
window to follow.  The other window will show the corresponding part of
the document.  This flag can be toggled from within the @file{*Index*}
buffer with the @kbd{f} key.
@end defopt

@deffn Keymap reftex-index-map
The keymap which is active in the @file{*Index*} buffer
(@pxref{Index Support}).@refill
@end deffn

@node Options (Viewing Cross-References), Options (Finding Files), Options (Index Support),  Options
@section Viewing Cross-References
@cindex Options, viewing cross-references
@cindex Viewing cross-references, options

@defopt reftex-view-crossref-extra
Macros which can be used for the display of cross references.
This is used when `reftex-view-crossref' is called with point in an
argument of a macro.  Note that crossref viewing for citations,
references (both ways) and index entries is hard-coded.  This variable
is only to configure additional structures for which crossreference
viewing can be useful.  Each entry has the structure 
@example
(@var{macro-re} @var{search-re} @var{highlight}).
@end example
@var{macro-re} is matched against the macro.  @var{search-re} is the
regexp used to search for cross references.  @samp{%s} in this regexp is
replaced with with the macro argument at point.  @var{highlight} is an
integer indicating which subgroup of the match should be highlighted.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-auto-view-crossref
Non-@code{nil} means, initially turn automatic viewing of crossref info
on.  Automatic viewing of crossref info normally uses the echo area.
Whenever point is on the argument of a @code{\ref} or @code{\cite}
macro, and no other message is being displayed, the echo area will
display information about that cross reference.  You can also set the
variable to the symbol @code{window}.  In this case a small temporary
window is used for the display.  This feature can be turned on and of
from the menu (Ref->Options).@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-idle-time
Time (secs) Emacs has to be idle before automatic crossref display is
done.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-cite-view-format
Citation format used to display citation info in the message area.  See
the variable @code{reftex-cite-format} for possible percent
escapes.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-revisit-to-echo
Non-@code{nil} means, automatic citation display will revisit files if
necessary.  When nil, citation display in echo area will only be active
for cached echo strings (see @code{reftex-cache-cite-echo}), or for
BibTeX database files which are already visited by a live associated
buffers.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-cache-cite-echo
Non-@code{nil} means, the information displayed in the echo area for
cite macros (see variable @code{reftex-auto-view-crossref}) is cached and
saved along with the parsing information.  The cache survives document
scans.  In order to clear it, use @kbd{M-x reftex-reset-mode}.
@end defopt

@node Options (Finding Files), Options (Optimizations), Options (Viewing Cross-References),  Options
@section Finding Files
@cindex Options, Finding Files
@cindex Finding files, options

@defopt reftex-texpath-environment-variables
List of specifications how to retrieve the search path for TeX files.
Several entries are possible.@refill
@itemize @minus
@item
If an element is the name of an environment variable, its content is
used.@refill
@item
If an element starts with an exclamation mark, it is used as a command
to retrieve the path.  A typical command with the kpathsearch library
would be @w{@code{"!kpsewhich -show-path=.tex"}}.
@item
Otherwise the element itself is interpreted as a path.
@end itemize
Multiple directories can be separated by the system dependent
@code{path-separator}.  Directories ending in @samp{//} or @samp{!!} will
be expanded recursively.  See also @code{reftex-use-external-file-finders}.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-bibpath-environment-variables
List of specifications how to retrieve the search path for BibTeX
files.  Several entries are possible.@refill
@itemize @minus
@item
If an element is the name of an environment variable, its content is
used.@refill
@item
If an element starts with an exclamation mark, it is used as a command
to retrieve the path.  A typical command with the kpathsearch library
would be @w{@code{"!kpsewhich -show-path=.bib"}}.
@item
Otherwise the element itself is interpreted as a path.
@end itemize
Multiple directories can be separated by the system dependent
@code{path-separator}.  Directories ending in @samp{//} or @samp{!!} will
be expanded recursively.  See also @code{reftex-use-external-file-finders}.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-file-extensions
Association list with file extensions for different file types.
This is a list of items, each item is like: 
@code{(@var{type} . (@var{def-ext} @var{other-ext} ...))}
@example
@var{type}:       @r{File type like @code{"bib"} or @code{"tex"}.}
@var{def-ext}:    @r{The default extension for that file type, like @code{".tex"} or @code{".bib"}.}
@var{other-ext}:  @r{Any number of other legal extensions for this file type.}
@end example
When a files is searched and it does not have any of the legal extensions,
we try the default extension first, and then the naked file name.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-search-unrecursed-path-first
Non-@code{nil} means, search all specified directories before trying
recursion.  Thus, in a path @samp{.//:/tex/}, search first @samp{./},
then @samp{/tex/}, and then all subdirectories of @samp{./}.  If this
option is @code{nil}, the subdirectories of @samp{./} are searched
before @samp{/tex/}.  This is mainly for speed - most of the time the
recursive path is for the system files and not for the user files.  Set
this to @code{nil} if the default makes @b{Ref@TeX{}} finding files with
equal names in wrong sequence.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-use-external-file-finders
Non-@code{nil} means, use external programs to find files.  Normally,
@b{Ref@TeX{}} searches the paths given in the environment variables
@code{TEXINPUTS} and @code{BIBINPUTS} to find TeX files and BibTeX
database files.  With this option turned on, it calls an external
program specified in the option @code{reftex-external-file-finders}
instead.  As a side effect, the variables
@code{reftex-texpath-environment-variables} and
@code{reftex-bibpath-environment-variables} will be ignored.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-external-file-finders
Association list with external programs to call for finding files.  Each
entry is a cons cell @w{@code{(@var{type} . @var{program})}}.
@var{type} is either @code{"tex"} or @code{"bib"}.  @var{program} is a
string containing the external program to use with any arguments.
@code{%f} will be replaced by the name of the file to be found.  Note
that these commands will be executed directly, not via a shell.  Only
relevant when @code{reftex-use-external-file-finders} is
non-@code{nil}.@refill
@end defopt

@page
@node Options (Optimizations), Options (Fontification), Options (Finding Files), Options
@section Optimizations
@cindex Options, optimizations
@cindex Optimizations, options

@defopt reftex-keep-temporary-buffers
Non-@code{nil} means, keep buffers created for parsing and lookup.
@b{Ref@TeX{}} sometimes needs to visit files related to the current
document.  We distinguish files visited for@refill
@table @asis
@item PARSING
Parts of a multifile document loaded when (re)-parsing the
document.@refill
@item LOOKUP
BibTeX database files and TeX files loaded to find a reference, to
display label context, etc.@refill
@end table
The created buffers can be kept for later use, or be thrown away
immediately after use, depending on the value of this variable:@refill

@table @code
@item nil
Throw away as much as possible.
@item t
Keep everything.
@item 1
Throw away buffers created for parsing, but keep the ones created for
lookup.@refill
@end table

If a buffer is to be kept, the file is visited normally (which is
potentially slow but will happen only once). If a buffer is to be thrown
away, the initialization of the buffer depends upon the variable
@code{reftex-initialize-temporary-buffers}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-initialize-temporary-buffers
Non-@code{nil} means do initializations even when visiting file
temporarily.  When @code{nil}, @b{Ref@TeX{}} may turn off find-file hooks and
other stuff to briefly visit a file. When @code{t}, the full default
initializations are done (@code{find-file-hook} etc.).  Instead of
@code{t} or @code{nil}, this variable may also be a list of hook
functions to do a minimal initialization.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-no-include-regexps
List of regular expressions to exclude certain input files from parsing.
If the name of a file included via @code{\include} or @code{\input} is
matched by any of the regular expressions in this list, that file is not
parsed by @b{Ref@TeX{}}.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-enable-partial-scans
Non-@code{nil} means, re-parse only 1 file when asked to re-parse.
Re-parsing is normally requested with a @kbd{C-u} prefix to many @b{Ref@TeX{}}
commands, or with the @kbd{r} key in menus.  When this option is
@code{t} in a multifile document, we will only parse the current buffer,
or the file associated with the label or section heading near point in a
menu.  Requesting re-parsing of an entire multifile document then
requires a @kbd{C-u C-u} prefix or the capital @kbd{R} key in
menus.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-save-parse-info
Non-@code{nil} means, save information gathered with parsing in files.
The file @file{MASTER.rel} in the same directory as @file{MASTER.tex} is
used to save the information.  When this variable is @code{t},
@itemize @minus
@item
accessing the parsing information for the first time in an editing
session will read that file (if available) instead of parsing the
document.@refill
@item
exiting Emacs or killing a buffer in reftex-mode will cause a new
version of the file to be written.@refill
@end itemize
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-parse-file-extension
File extension for the file in which parser information is stored.
This extension is added to the base name of the master file.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-allow-automatic-rescan
Non-@code{nil} means, @b{Ref@TeX{}} may rescan the document when this seems
necessary.  Applies (currently) only in rare cases, when a new label
cannot be placed with certainty into the internal label list.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers
Non-@code{nil} means use a separate selection buffer for each label
type.  These buffers are kept from one selection to the next and need
not to be created for each use - so the menu generally comes up faster.
The selection buffers will be erased (and therefore updated)
automatically when new labels in its category are added.  See the
variable @code{reftex-auto-update-selection-buffers}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-auto-update-selection-buffers
Non-@code{nil} means, selection buffers will be updated automatically.
When a new label is defined with @code{reftex-label}, all selection
buffers associated with that label category are emptied, in order to
force an update upon next use.  When @code{nil}, the buffers are left
alone and have to be updated by hand, with the @kbd{g} key from the
label selection process.  The value of this variable will only have any
effect when @code{reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers} is
non-@code{nil}.@refill
@end defopt

@node Options (Fontification), Options (Misc), Options (Optimizations), Options
@section Fontification
@cindex Options, fontification
@cindex Fontification, options

@defopt reftex-use-fonts
Non-@code{nil} means, use fonts in label menu and on-the-fly help.
Font-lock must be loaded as well to actually get fontified
display.  After changing this option, a rescan may be necessary to
activate it.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-refontify-context
Non-@code{nil} means, re-fontify the context in the label menu with
font-lock.  This slightly slows down the creation of the label menu.  It
is only necessary when you definitely want the context fontified.@refill

This option may have 3 different values:
@table @code
@item nil
Never refontify.
@item t
Always refontify.
@item 1
Refontify when necessary, e.g. with old versions of the x-symbol
package.@refill
@end table
The option is ignored when @code{reftex-use-fonts} is @code{nil}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-highlight-selection
Non-@code{nil} means, highlight selected text in selection and
@file{*toc*} buffers.  Normally, the text near the cursor is the
@emph{selected} text, and it is highlighted.  This is the entry most
keys in the selection and @file{*toc*} buffers act on.  However, if you
mainly use the mouse to select an item, you may find it nice to have
mouse-triggered highlighting @emph{instead} or @emph{as well}. The
variable may have one of these values:@refill

@example
nil      @r{No highlighting.}
cursor   @r{Highlighting is cursor driven.}
mouse    @r{Highlighting is mouse driven.}
both     @r{Both cursor and mouse trigger highlighting.}
@end example

Changing this variable requires to rebuild the selection and *toc*
buffers to become effective (keys @kbd{g} or @kbd{r}).@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-cursor-selected-face
Face name to highlight cursor selected item in toc and selection buffers.
See also the variable @code{reftex-highlight-selection}.@refill
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-mouse-selected-face
Face name to highlight mouse selected item in toc and selection buffers.
See also the variable @code{reftex-highlight-selection}.@refill
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-file-boundary-face
Face name for file boundaries in selection buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-label-face
Face name for labels in selection buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-section-heading-face
Face name for section headings in toc and selection buffers.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-toc-header-face
Face name for the header of a toc buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-bib-author-face
Face name for author names in bib selection buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-bib-year-face
Face name for year in bib selection buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-bib-title-face
Face name for article title in bib selection buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-bib-extra-face
Face name for bibliographic information in bib selection buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-select-mark-face
Face name for marked entries in the selection buffers.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-index-header-face
Face name for the header of an index buffer.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-index-section-face
Face name for the start of a new letter section in the index.
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-index-tag-face
Face name for index names (for multiple indices).
@end defopt
@defopt reftex-index-face
Face name for index entries.
@end defopt

@node Options (Misc), , Options (Fontification), Options
@section Miscellaneous
@cindex Options, misc

@defopt reftex-extra-bindings
Non-@code{nil} means, make additional key bindings on startup.  These
extra bindings are located in the users @samp{C-c letter}
map.  @xref{Key Bindings}.@refill
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-plug-into-AUCTeX
Plug-in flags for AUCTeX interface.  This variable is a list of
5 boolean flags.  When a flag is non-@code{nil}, @b{Ref@TeX{}}
will@refill

@example
- supply labels in new sections and environments  (flag 1)
- supply arguments for macros like @code{\label}         (flag 2)
- supply arguments for macros like @code{\ref}           (flag 3)
- supply arguments for macros like @code{\cite}          (flag 4)
- supply arguments for macros like @code{\index}         (flag 5)
@end example

You may also set the variable itself to t or nil in order to turn all
options on or off, respectively.@*
Supplying labels in new sections and environments applies when creating
sections with @kbd{C-c C-s} and environments with @kbd{C-c C-e}.@*
Supplying macro arguments applies when you insert such a macro
interactively with @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}.@*
See the AUCTeX documentation for more information.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-revisit-to-follow
Non-@code{nil} means, follow-mode will revisit files if necessary.
When nil, follow-mode will be suspended for stuff in unvisited files.
@end defopt

@defopt reftex-allow-detached-macro-args
Non-@code{nil} means, allow arguments of macros to be detached by
whitespace.  When this is @code{t}, the @samp{aaa} in @w{@samp{\bbb
[xxx] @{aaa@}}} will be considered an argument of @code{\bb}.  Note that
this will be the case even if @code{\bb} is defined with zero or one
argument.@refill
@end defopt

@node Keymaps and Hooks, Changes, Options, Top
@section Keymaps and Hooks
@cindex Keymaps

@b{Ref@TeX{}} has the usual general keymap and load-- and mode-hook.

@deffn Keymap reftex-mode-map
The keymap for @b{Ref@TeX{}} mode.
@end deffn

@deffn {Normal Hook} reftex-load-hook
Normal hook which is being run when loading @file{reftex.el}.
@end deffn

@deffn {Normal Hook} reftex-mode-hook
Normal hook which is being run when turning on @b{Ref@TeX{}} mode.@refill
@end deffn

Furthermore, the 4 modes used for referencing labels, creating
citations, the table of contents buffer and the phrases buffer have
their own keymaps and mode hooks.  See the respective sections.  There
are many more hooks which are described in the relevant sections about
options for a specific part of @b{Ref@TeX{}}.@refill

@node Changes, , Keymaps and Hooks, Top
@chapter Changes
@cindex Changes

Here is a list of recent changes to @b{Ref@TeX{}}.

@ignore
@noindent @b{Version 1.00}
@itemize @bullet
@item
released on 7 Jan 1997.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 1.04}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Macros as wrappers, AMSTeX support, delayed context parsing for
new labels.@refill
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 1.05}
@itemize @bullet
@item
XEmacs port.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 1.07}
@itemize @bullet
@item
@b{Ref@TeX{}} gets its own menu.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 1.09}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Support for @code{tex-main-file}, an analogue for
@code{TeX-master}.@refill
@item
MS-DOS support.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 2.00}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Labels can be derived from context (default for sections).
@item
Configuration of label insertion and label referencing revised.
@item
Crossref fields in BibTeX database entries.
@item
@code{reftex-toc} introduced (thanks to Stephen Eglen).
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 2.03}
@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{figure*}, @code{table*}, @code{sidewaysfigure/table} added to
default environments.@refill
@item
@code{reftex-bibfile-ignore-list} introduced (thanks to Rory Molinari).
@item
New functions @code{reftex-arg-label}, @code{reftex-arg-ref},
@code{reftex-arg-cite}.@refill
@item
Emacs/XEmacs compatibility reworked.  XEmacs 19.15 now is
required.@refill
@item
@code{reftex-add-to-label-alist} (to be called from AUCTeX style
files).@refill
@item
Finding context with a hook function.
@item
Sorting BibTeX entries (new variable:
@code{reftex-sort-bibtex-matches}).
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 2.05}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Support for @file{custom.el}.
@item
New function @code{reftex-grep-document} (thanks to Stephen Eglen).
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 2.07}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New functions @code{reftex-search-document},
@code{reftex-query-replace-document}.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 2.11}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Submitted for inclusion to Emacs and XEmacs.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 2.14}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Variable @code{reftex-plug-into-AUCTeX} simplifies cooperation with
AUCTeX.@refill
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 2.17}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Label prefix expands % escapes with current file name and other stuff.
@item
Citation format now with % escapes.  This is not backward
compatible!@refill
@item
TEXINPUTS variable recognized when looking for input files.
@item
Context can be the nth argument of a macro.@refill
@item
Searching in the select buffer is now possible (@kbd{C-s} and
@kbd{C-r}).@refill
@item
Display and derive-label can use two different context methods.
@item
AMSmath @code{xalignat} and @code{xxalignat} added.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.00}
@itemize @bullet
@item
@b{Ref@TeX{}} should work better for very large projects:
@item
The new parser works without creating a master buffer.
@item
Rescanning can be limited to a part of a multifile document.
@item
Information from the parser can be stored in a file.
@item
@b{Ref@TeX{}} can deal with macros having a naked label as an argument.
@item
Macros may have white space and newlines between arguments.
@item
Multiple identical section headings no longer confuse
@code{reftex-toc}.@refill
@item
@b{Ref@TeX{}} should work correctly in combination with buffer-altering
packages like outline, folding, x-symbol, iso-cvt, isotex, etc.@refill
@item
All labeled environments discussed in @emph{The LaTeX Companion} by
Goossens, Mittelbach & Samarin, Addison-Wesley 1994) are part of
@b{Ref@TeX{}}'s defaults.@refill
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.03}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Support for the LaTeX package @code{xr}, for inter-document
references.@refill
@item
A few (minor) Mule-related changes.
@item
Fixed bug which could cause @emph{huge} @file{.rel} files.
@item
Search for input and @file{.bib} files with recursive path definitions.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.04}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Fixed BUG in the @emph{xr} support.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.05}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Compatibility code now first checks for XEmacs feature.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.07}
@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{Ref} menu improved.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.10}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Fixed a bug which made reftex 3.07 fail on [X]Emacs version 19.
@item
Removed unimportant code which caused OS/2 Emacs to crash.
@item
All customization variables now accessible from menu.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.11}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Fixed bug which led to naked label in (e.g.) footnotes.
@item
Added scroll-other-window functions to RefTeX-Select.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.12}
@itemize @bullet
@item
There are 3 new keymaps for customization: @code{reftex-toc-map},
@code{reftex-select-label-map}, @code{reftex-select-bib-map}.
@item
Refontification uses more standard font-lock stuff.
@item
When no BibTeX database files are specified, citations can also use
@code{\bibitem} entries from a @code{thebibliography} environment.@refill
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.14}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Selection buffers can be kept between selections: this is faster.
See new variable @code{reftex-use-multiple-selection-buffers}.@refill
@item
Prefix interpretation of reftex-view-crossref changed.
@item
Support for the @code{varioref} package (@kbd{v} key in selection
buffer).@refill
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.16}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New hooks @code{reftex-format-label-function},
@code{reftex-format-ref-function}, @code{reftex-format-cite-function}.@refill
@item
TeXInfo documentation completed.
@item
Some restrictions in Label inserting and referencing removed.
@item
New variable @code{reftex-default-bibliography}.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.17}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Additional bindings in selection and @file{*toc*} buffers.  @kbd{g}
redefined.
@item
New command @code{reftex-save-all-document-buffers}.
@item
Magic word matching made more intelligent.
@item
Selection process can switch to completion (with @key{TAB}).
@item
@code{\appendix} is now recognized and influences section numbering.
@item
File commentary shortened considerably (use Info documentation).
@item
New option @code{reftex-no-include-regexps} to skip some include files.
@item
New option @code{reftex-revisit-to-follow}.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.18}
@itemize @bullet
@item
The selection now uses a recursive edit, much like minibuffer input.
This removes all restrictions during selection.  E.g. you can now
switch buffers at will, use the mouse etc.@refill
@item
New option @code{reftex-highlight-selection}.
@item
@kbd{mouse-2} can be used to select in selection and @file{*toc*}
buffers.@refill
@item
Fixed some problems regarding the interaction with VIPER mode.
@item
Follow-mode is now only used after point motion.
@item
@b{Ref@TeX{}} now finally does not fontify temporary files anymore.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.19}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Fixed bug with AUCTeX @code{TeX-master}.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.21}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New options for all faces used by @b{Ref@TeX{}}. They're in the
customization group @code{reftex-fontification-configurations}.@refill
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.22}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Fixed bug with empty context strings.
@item
@code{reftex-mouse-view-crossref} is now bound by default at
@kbd{S-mouse-2}.@refill
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.23}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Parse files @file{MASTER.rel} made compatible between Emacs and XEmacs.
@item
@code{kill-emacs-hook} and @code{kill-buffer-hook} now write the parse 
file.
@item
The cursor inside a @code{\ref} or @code{\cite} macro can now trigger
automatic display of crossref information in the echo area.  See
variable @code{reftex-auto-view-crossref}.
@item
AUCTeX interface updates:
@itemize @minus
@item
AUCTeX 9.9c and later notifies @b{Ref@TeX{}} about new sections.
@item
@b{Ref@TeX{}} notifies AUCTeX about new labels.
@item
@code{TeX-arg-ref} no longer used (introduction was unnecessary).
@item
@code{reftex-arg-label} and @code{reftex-arg-cite} fixed up.
@item
Settings added to @b{Ref@TeX{}} via style files remain local.
@end itemize
@item
Fixed bug with @code{reftex-citation} in non-latex buffers.
@item
Fixed bug with syntax table and context refontification.
@item
Safety-net for name change of @code{font-lock-reference-face}.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.24}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New option @code{reftex-revisit-to-echo}.
@item
Interface with X-Symbol (>=2.6) is now complete and stable.
@item
Adapted to new outline, which uses overlays.
@item
File names in @code{\bibliography} may now have the @code{.bib}
extension.@refill
@item
Fixed Bug with parsing "single file" from master file buffer.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.25}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Echoing of citation info caches the info for displayed entries.
New option @code{reftex-cache-cite-echo}.@refill
@item
@kbd{M-x reftex-reset-mode} now also removes the file with parsing
info.@refill
@item
Default of @code{reftex-revisit-to-follow} changed to nil.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.26}
@itemize @bullet
@item
[X]Emacs 19 no longer supported.  Use 3.22 for Emacs 19.
@item
New hooks @code{reftex-translate-to-ascii-function},
@code{reftex-string-to-label-function}.@refill
@item
Made sure automatic crossref display will not visit/scan files.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.27}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Macros can define @emph{neutral} labels, just like @code{\label}
itself.@refill
@item
New option @code{reftex-allow-detached-macro-args}, default @code{nil}!
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.28}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Auto view crossref for XEmacs uses @code{post-command-hook} to restart the
timer, since itimer restart is not reliable.@refill
@item
Option @code{reftex-bibfile-ignore-list} renamed to @code{-regexps}.
@item
Expansion of recursive tex and bib path rewritten.
@item
Fixed problem where @b{Ref@TeX{}} did not scan unsaved buffers.
@item
Fixed bug with section numbering after *-red sections.
@end itemize

@noindent @b{Version 3.30}
@itemize @bullet
@item
In @code{reftex-citation}, the regular expression used to scan BibTeX
files can be specified using completion on known citation keys.
@item
New keys @kbd{a} and @kbd{A} in BibTeX selection process to cite @emph{all}
entries.
@item
New command @code{reftex-renumber-simple-labels} to renumber simple
labels like @samp{eq:13} sequentially through a document.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.33}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Multiple selection buffers are now hidden buffers (they start with a
SPACE).
@item 
Fixed bug with file search when TEXINPUTS environment variable is empty.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.34}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Additional flag in @code{reftex-derive-label-parameters} do make only
lowercase labels (default @code{t}).
@item
All @file{.rel} files have a final newline to avoid queries.
@item
Single byte representations of accented European letters (ISO-8859-1)
are now legal in labels.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.35}
@itemize @bullet
@item
ISO 8859 Latin-1 chars are converted to ASCII to derive better labels.
This takes back the related changes in 3.34 for safety reasons.@refill
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.36}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New value @code{window} for option @code{reftex-auto-view-crossref}.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.38}
@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{reftex-view-crossref} no longer moves to find a macro.  Point has
to be on the macro argument.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.41}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New options @code{reftex-texpath-environment-variables},
@code{reftex-use-external-file-finders}, 
@code{reftex-external-file-finders}, 
@code{reftex-search-unrecursed-path-first}. 
@item
@emph{kpathsearch} support.  See new options and
@code{reftex-bibpath-environment-variables}.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.42}
@itemize @bullet
@item
File search further refined.  New option @code{reftex-file-extensions}.
@item
@file{*toc*} buffer can show the file boundaries of a multifile
document, all labels and associated context.  New keys @kbd{i}, @kbd{l},
and @kbd{c}.  New options @code{reftex-toc-include-labels},
@code{reftex-toc-include-context},
@code{reftex-toc-include-file-boundaries}. @refill
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 3.43}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Viewing cross-references generalized.  Now works on @code{\label},
@code{\ref}, @code{\cite}, @code{\bibitem}, @code{\index}, variations of
these, and from BibTeX buffers.@refill
@item
New option @code{reftex-view-crossref-extra}.@refill
@item
Support for the additional sectioning commands @code{\addchap} and
@code{\addsec} which are defined in the LaTeX KOMA-Script classes.@refill
@item
Files in @code{reftex-default-bibliography} will be searched along
@code{BIBINPUTS} path.@refill
@item
Reading a parse file now checks consistency.
@end itemize
@end ignore
@noindent @b{Version 4.00}
@itemize @bullet
@item
RefTeX has been split into several smaller files which are autoloaded on 
demand.
@item
Index support, along with many new options.
@item
The selection of keys for @code{\ref} and @code{\cite} now allows to
select multiple items by marking entries with the @kbd{m} key.
@item
Fancyref support.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.01}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New command @code{reftex-index-globally} to index a word in many
places in the document.  Also available from the index buffer with
@kbd{&}.
@item
The first item in a @code{reftex-label-alist} entry may now also be a parser
function to do non-standard parsing.
@item
@code{reftex-auto-view-crossref} no longer interferes with
@code{pop-up-frames} (patch from Stefan Monnier).
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.02}
@itemize @bullet
@item
macros ending in @samp{refrange} are considered to contain references.
@item
Index entries made with @code{reftex-index-selection-or-word} in TeX
math mode automatically get enclosing @samp{$} to preserve math mode.  See
new option @code{reftex-index-math-format}.  Requires AUCTeX.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.04}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New option @code{reftex-index-default-tag} implements a default for queries.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.06}
@itemize @bullet
@item
@code{reftex-section-levels} can contain a function to compute the level
of a sectioning command.
@item
Multiple @code{thebibliography} environments recognized.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.09}
@itemize @bullet
@item
New option @code{reftex-toc-max-level} to limit the depth of the toc.
New key binding @kbd{t} in the @file{*toc*} buffer to change this
setting.@refill 
@item
RefTeX maintaines an @file{Index Phrases} file in which phrases can be 
collected.  When the document is ready, RefTeX can search all
these phrases and assist indexing all matches.@refill
@item
The variables @code{reftex-index-macros} and
@code{reftex-index-default-macro} have changed their syntax slightly.
The @var{repeat} parameter has move from the latter to the former.
Also calls to @code{reftex-add-index-macros} from AUCTeX style files
need to be adapted.@refill
@item
The variable @code{reftex-section-levels} no longer contains the
default stuff which has been moved to a constant.@refill
@item
Environments like theorems can be placed into the TOC by putting
entries for @samp{"begin@{theorem@}"} in
@code{reftex-setion-levels}.@refill 
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.10}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Renamed @file{reftex-vcr.el} to @file{reftex-dcr.el} because of conflict
with @file{reftex-vars.el} on DOS machines.
@item
New options @code{reftex-parse-file-extension} and
@code{reftex-index-phrase-file-extension}.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.11}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Fixed bug which would parse @samp{\Section} just like @samp{\section}.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.12}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Support for @file{bibentry} citation style.
@end itemize
@noindent @b{Version 4.15}
@itemize @bullet
@item
Small bug fixes.
@item
Improved interaction with Emacs LaTeX mode.
@end itemize

@node Index,  , , Top
@unnumbered Index
@printindex cp

@summarycontents
@contents
@bye