1 Building and Installing Emacs
2 on Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/ME
4 To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0 or
5 later, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later with Mingw and W32 API
6 support and a port of GNU make. You can use the Cygwin ports of GCC,
7 but Emacs requires the Mingw headers and libraries to build.
9 If you build Emacs on Windows 9X or ME, not on Windows 2000 or
10 Windows NT, we suggest to install the Cygwin port of Bash.
12 Please see http://www.mingw.org for pointers to GCC/Mingw binaries.
14 For reference, here is a list of which builds of GNU make are known
15 to work or not, and whether they work in the presence and/or absence
16 of sh.exe, the Cygwin port of Bash.
20 cygwin b20.1 make (3.75): okay[1] fails[2]
21 MSVC compiled gmake 3.77: okay okay
22 MSVC compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay okay
23 MSVC compiled gmake 3.79.1: okay okay
24 mingw32/gcc-2.92.2 make (3.77): okay okay[4]
25 cygwin compiled gmake 3.77: okay[1] fails[2]
26 cygwin compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay fails[2]
27 cygwin compiled gmake 3.79.1: couldn't build make[3]
31 [1] doesn't cope with makefiles with DOS line endings, so must mount
32 emacs source with text!=binary.
33 [2] fails when needs to invoke shell commands; okay invoking gcc etc.
34 [3] requires LC_MESSAGES support to build; maybe 2.95.x update to
36 [4] may fail on Windows 9X and Windows ME; if so, install Bash.
40 Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the
41 nt subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available,
42 and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler
43 detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying
44 options on the command line when invoking configure.
46 To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available,
47 simply change to the nt subdirectory and run `configure' with no
48 options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'.
50 N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure
51 is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be
52 surpressed because of limitations in the Windows 9x command.com shell.
56 After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for
57 your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is
60 As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages
61 declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data
62 conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages.
63 The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but
64 until then we will just live with them.
68 To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `make install'.
70 By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was
71 built, but a different location can be specified either using the
72 --prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running
75 make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs
77 The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and
78 to create a Start menu icon for Emacs.
82 The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building
83 Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old Mingw or W32 API
84 headers. Additionally, cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs
85 source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles
86 generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also,
87 cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying
88 --unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment.
90 When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the
91 headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version
92 2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained
93 sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some
94 definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c. The W32 API
95 headers that come with Cygwin b20.1 are incomplete, and do not include
96 some definitions required by addsection.c, for instance. Also, older
97 releases of the W32 API headers from Anders Norlander contain a typo
98 in the definition of IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION in winnt.h, which
99 addsection.c relies on. Versions of w32api-xxx.zip from at least
100 1999-11-18 onwards are okay.
102 If configure succeeds, but make fails, install the Cygwin port of
103 Bash, even if the table above indicates that Emacs should be able to
104 build without sh.exe. (Some versions of Windows shells are too dumb
105 for Makefile's used by Emacs.)
107 If you are using a recent Cygwin build of GCC, such as Cygwin version
108 1.1.8, you may need to specify some extra compiler flags like so:
110 configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__
112 We will attempt to auto-detect the need for these flags in a future
117 You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is
118 appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if
119 compiled with MSVC, or gdb if compiled with gcc.
121 Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects
122 their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names
123 prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For
124 example, the function call-process is implemented in C by
125 Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again
126 with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to
127 easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name.
129 Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the
130 Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in the MSVC
131 debugger, Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that
132 prints out a readable representation of a Lisp_Object. (If you are
133 using gdb, there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which
134 provides definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. The
135 following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC.) The output
136 from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger via the
137 OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should be
138 displayed in the console window that was opened when the emacs.exe
139 executable was started. The output sent to the debugger should be
140 displayed in its "Debug" output window.
142 When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to
143 examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, popup the QuickWatch
144 window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the
145 toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter
146 debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run
147 Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click
148 on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should
149 halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call
150 Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack
151 (see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window
152 and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will
153 then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path.
155 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call
156 stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call
157 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize
158 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs
159 procedure and try using debug_print again.
161 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the
162 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is
163 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be
164 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current
165 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts
166 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current
167 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched