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1 ;;; man.el --- browse UNIX manual pages
3 ;; Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 ;; Author: Barry A. Warsaw <bwarsaw@cen.com>
6 ;; Maintainer: FSF
7 ;; Keywords: help
8 ;; Adapted-By: ESR, pot
10 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
12 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
13 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
14 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
15 ;; any later version.
17 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
18 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
19 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
20 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
22 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
23 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
24 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
25 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
27 ;;; Commentary:
29 ;; This code provides a function, `man', with which you can browse
30 ;; UNIX manual pages. Formatting is done in background so that you
31 ;; can continue to use your Emacs while processing is going on.
32 ;;
33 ;; The mode also supports hypertext-like following of manual page SEE
34 ;; ALSO references, and other features. See below or do `?' in a
35 ;; manual page buffer for details.
37 ;; ========== Credits and History ==========
38 ;; In mid 1991, several people posted some interesting improvements to
39 ;; man.el from the standard emacs 18.57 distribution. I liked many of
40 ;; these, but wanted everything in one single package, so I decided
41 ;; to incorporate them into a single manual browsing mode. While
42 ;; much of the code here has been rewritten, and some features added,
43 ;; these folks deserve lots of credit for providing the initial
44 ;; excellent packages on which this one is based.
46 ;; Nick Duffek <duffek@chaos.cs.brandeis.edu>, posted a very nice
47 ;; improvement which retrieved and cleaned the manpages in a
48 ;; background process, and which correctly deciphered such options as
49 ;; man -k.
51 ;; Eric Rose <erose@jessica.stanford.edu>, submitted manual.el which
52 ;; provided a very nice manual browsing mode.
54 ;; This package was available as `superman.el' from the LCD package
55 ;; for some time before it was accepted into Emacs 19. The entry
56 ;; point and some other names have been changed to make it a drop-in
57 ;; replacement for the old man.el package.
59 ;; Francesco Potorti` <pot@cnuce.cnr.it> cleaned it up thoroughly,
60 ;; making it faster, more robust and more tolerant of different
61 ;; systems' man idiosyncrasies.
63 ;; ========== Features ==========
64 ;; + Runs "man" in the background and pipes the results through a
65 ;; series of sed and awk scripts so that all retrieving and cleaning
66 ;; is done in the background. The cleaning commands are configurable.
67 ;; + Syntax is the same as Un*x man
68 ;; + Functionality is the same as Un*x man, including "man -k" and
69 ;; "man <section>", etc.
70 ;; + Provides a manual browsing mode with keybindings for traversing
71 ;; the sections of a manpage, following references in the SEE ALSO
72 ;; section, and more.
73 ;; + Multiple manpages created with the same man command are put into
74 ;; a narrowed buffer circular list.
76 ;; ============= TODO ===========
77 ;; - Add a command for printing.
78 ;; - The awk script deletes multiple blank lines. This behaviour does
79 ;; not allow to understand if there was indeed a blank line at the
80 ;; end or beginning of a page (after the header, or before the
81 ;; footer). A different algorithm should be used. It is easy to
82 ;; compute how many blank lines there are before and after the page
83 ;; headers, and after the page footer. But it is possible to compute
84 ;; the number of blank lines before the page footer by euristhics
85 ;; only. Is it worth doing?
86 ;; - Allow a user option to mean that all the manpages should go in
87 ;; the same buffer, where they can be browsed with M-n and M-p.
88 ;; - Allow completion on the manpage name when calling man. This
89 ;; requires a reliable list of places where manpages can be found. The
90 ;; drawback would be that if the list is not complete, the user might
91 ;; be led to believe that the manpages in the missing directories do
92 ;; not exist.
94 \f
95 ;;; Code:
99 ;; vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
100 ;; empty defvars (keep the compiler quiet)
103 "Browse UNIX manual pages."
112 "*Manpage cleaning filter command phrases.
113 This variable contains a list of the following form:
115 '((command-string phrase-string*)*)
117 Each phrase-string is concatenated onto the command-string to form a
118 command filter. The (standard) output (and standard error) of the Un*x
119 man command is piped through each command filter in the order the
120 commands appear in the association list. The final output is placed in
121 the manpage buffer."
137 ;; vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
138 ;; user variables
141 "*Non-nil means make up the manpage with fonts."
146 "*Face to use when fontifying overstrike."
151 "*Face to use when fontifying underlining."
155 ;; Use the value of the obsolete user option Man-notify, if set.
157 "*Selects the behavior when manpage is ready.
158 This variable may have one of the following values, where (sf) means
159 that the frames are switched, so the manpage is displayed in the frame
160 where the man command was called from:
162 newframe -- put the manpage in its own frame (see `Man-frame-parameters')
163 pushy -- make the manpage the current buffer in the current window
164 bully -- make the manpage the current buffer and only window (sf)
165 aggressive -- make the manpage the current buffer in the other window (sf)
166 friendly -- display manpage in the other window but don't make current (sf)
167 polite -- don't display manpage, but prints message and beep when ready
168 quiet -- like `polite', but don't beep
169 meek -- make no indication that the manpage is ready
171 Any other value of `Man-notify-method' is equivalent to `meek'."
178 "*Frame parameter list for creating a new frame for a manual page."
183 "*Non-nil means letters in sections are converted to lower case.
184 Some Un*x man commands can't handle uppercase letters in sections, for
186 with the upper case letter. When this variable is t, the section
188 being sent to the man background process."
193 "*Non-nil means the manpage list is treated as circular for traversal."
200 ;; Some systems have a real 3x man section, so let's comment this.
201 ;; '("3X" . "3") ; Xlib man pages
204 "*Association list of bogus sections to real section numbers.
205 Some manpages (e.g. the Sun C++ 2.1 manpages) have section numbers in
206 their references which Un*x `man' does not recognize. This
207 association list is used to translate those sections, when found, to
208 the associated section number."
230 mode-line-mule-info
231 mode-line-modified
232 mode-line-frame-identification
233 mode-line-buffer-identification " "
234 global-mode-string
235 " " Man-page-mode-string
270 "Regular expression for SEE ALSO heading (or your equivalent).
274 "Regular expression describing first heading on a manpage.
281 ;; This includes the section as an optional part to catch hyphenated
282 ;; refernces to manpages.
288 "Switches passed to the man command, as a single string.
290 If you want to be able to see all the manpages for a subject you type,
295 "-s"
299 ;; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
300 ;; end user variables
301 \f
302 ;; other variables and keymap initializations
322 :ovstrk
324 t ovstrk
325 }
345 table)
349 nil
369 )
371 \f
372 ;; ======================================================================
373 ;; utilities
376 "Used for initialising variables based on display's color support.
377 This is necessary if one wants to dump man.el with Emacs."
379 ;; Avoid possible error in call-process by using a directory that must exist.
384 nil)
386 Man-sysv-sed-script)
388 Man-berkeley-sed-script)
390 nil))))
393 ;; Avoid trailing nil which confuses customize.
396 Man-sed-command
402 "-e '/\e[789]/s///g'"
403 "-e '/Reformatting page. Wait/d'"
404 "-e '/Reformatting entry. Wait/d'"
415 ))
417 Man-awk-command
425 "'"
426 ))
428 ;; The outer list will be stripped off by apply.
430 Man-untabify-command
431 Man-untabify-command-args))
432 )))
433 )
436 "Return the substring matched by the last search.
437 Optional arg N means return the substring matched by the Nth paren
438 grouping. Optional second arg STRING means return a substring from
439 that string instead of from the current buffer."
446 "Formats part of the mode line for Man mode."
450 Man-current-page
454 "Builds the entire background manpage and cleaning command."
456 ; Stock MS-DOS shells cannot redirect stderr;
457 ; `call-process' below sends it to /dev/null,
458 ; so we don't need `2>' even with DOS shells
459 ; which do support stderr redirection.
461 " %s"
472 phrase)
475 command))
479 Leave it as is if already in that style. Possibly downcase and
480 translate the section (see the Man-downcase-section-letters-flag
481 and the Man-section-translations-alist variables)."
486 ;; "chmod(2V)" case ?
490 ;; "2v chmod" case ?
496 ref ; Return the reference as is
508 s2)
509 slist nil))))
512 \f
513 ;; ======================================================================
514 ;; default man entry: get word under point
517 "Make a guess at a default manual entry.
518 This guess is based on the text surrounding the cursor."
521 ;; Default man entry title is any word the cursor is on, or if
522 ;; cursor not on a word, then nearest preceding word.
526 ;; If looking at something like ioctl(2) or brc(1M), include the
527 ;; section number in the returned value. Remove text properties.
529 ;; Use `format' here to clear any text props from `word'.
531 word
537 \f
538 ;; ======================================================================
539 ;; Top level command and background process sentinel
541 ;; For compatibility with older versions.
542 ;;;###autoload
545 ;;;###autoload
547 "Get a Un*x manual page and put it in a buffer.
548 This command is the top-level command in the man package. It runs a Un*x
549 command to retrieve and clean a manpage in the background and places the
550 results in a Man mode (manpage browsing) buffer. See variable
551 `Man-notify-method' for what happens when the buffer is ready.
552 If a buffer already exists for this man page, it will display immediately.
554 To specify a man page from a certain section, type SUBJECT(SECTION) or
555 SECTION SUBJECT when prompted for a manual entry. To see manpages from
556 all sections related to a subject, put something appropriate into the
557 `Man-switches' variable, which see."
563 ""
568 default-entry)
569 input))))
571 ;; Possibly translate the "subject(section)" syntax into the
572 ;; "section subject" syntax and possibly downcase the section.
577 ;;;###autoload
579 "Get a Un*x manual page of the item under point and put it in a buffer."
587 "Use TOPIC to build and fire off the manpage and cleaning command."
601 ;; The following is so Awk script gets \n intact
602 ;; But don't prevent decoding of the outside.
604 ;; We must decode the output by a coding system that the
605 ;; system's locale suggests in multibyte mode.
609 ;; Avoid possible error by using a directory that always exists.
611 ;; Prevent any attempt to use display terminal fanciness.
628 exit-status)))
633 "Notify the user when MAN-BUFFER is ready.
634 See the variable `Man-notify-method' for the different notification behaviors."
637 Man-original-frame)))
640 ;; Since we run asynchronously, perhaps while Emacs is waiting
641 ;; for input, we must not leave a different buffer current. We
642 ;; can't rely on the editor command loop to reselect the
643 ;; selected window's buffer.
671 t)
673 )))
676 ;; \255 is some kind of dash in Latin-N. Versions of Debian man, at
677 ;; least, emit it even when not in a Latin-N locale.
687 "Convert overstriking and underlining to the correct fonts.
688 Same for the ANSI bold and normal escape sequences."
700 ;; Multibyte characters exist.
734 "Remove overstriking and underlining from the current buffer."
737 Man-arguments)
751 ))
758 "Manpage background process sentinel.
759 When manpage command is run asynchronously, PROCESS is the process
760 object for the manpage command; when manpage command is run
761 synchronously, PROCESS is the name of the buffer where the manpage
762 command is run. Second argument MSG is the exit message of the
763 manpage command."
782 delete-buff t))
790 ": process "
796 ))
805 ))
806 ;; Restore case-fold-search before calling
807 ;; Man-notify-when-ready because it may switch buffers.
814 ))))
816 \f
817 ;; ======================================================================
818 ;; set up manual mode in buffer and build alists
821 "A mode for browsing Un*x manual pages.
823 The following man commands are available in the buffer. Try
838 The following variables may be of some use. Try
841 `Man-notify-method' What happens when manpage formatting is done.
842 `Man-downcase-section-letters-flag' Force section letters to lower case.
843 `Man-circular-pages-flag' Treat multiple manpage list as circular.
844 `Man-section-translations-alist' List of section numbers and their Un*x equiv.
845 `Man-filter-list' Background manpage filter command.
846 `Man-mode-line-format' Mode line format for Man mode buffers.
847 `Man-mode-map' Keymap bindings for Man mode buffers.
848 `Man-mode-hook' Normal hook run on entry to Man mode.
849 `Man-section-regexp' Regexp describing manpage section letters.
850 `Man-heading-regexp' Regexp describing section headers.
851 `Man-see-also-regexp' Regexp for SEE ALSO section (or your equiv).
852 `Man-first-heading-regexp' Regexp for first heading on a manpage.
853 `Man-reference-regexp' Regexp matching a references in SEE ALSO.
854 `Man-switches' Background `man' command switches.
856 The following key bindings are currently in effect in the buffer:
860 mode-name "Man"
861 buffer-auto-save-file-name nil
862 mode-line-format Man-mode-line-format
863 truncate-lines t
864 buffer-read-only t)
876 "Build the association list of manpage sections."
885 "Build the association list of references (in the SEE ALSO section)."
893 hyphenated
906 hyphenated nil
907 ;; Update len, in case a reference spans
908 ;; more than two lines (paranoia).
918 "Build the list of separate manpages in the buffer."
924 ;; (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))(debug)
929 nil))
930 ;; Go past both the current and the next Man-first-heading-regexp
933 ;; We assume that the page header is delimited by blank
934 ;; lines and that it contains at most one blank line. So
935 ;; if we back by three blank lines we will be sure to be
936 ;; before the page header but not before the possible
937 ;; previous page header.
945 header))))
947 )))
950 "Strip all the page headers but the first from the manpage."
962 ;; Since the awk script collapses all successive blank
963 ;; lines into one, and since we don't want to get rid of
964 ;; the fast awk script, one must choose between adding
965 ;; spare blank lines between pages when there were none and
966 ;; deleting blank lines at page boundaries when there were
967 ;; some. We choose the first, so we comment the following
968 ;; line.
969 ;; (setq header (concat "\n" header)))
975 "Delete the leading spaces that indent the manpage."
1010 ))))
1012 \f
1013 ;; ======================================================================
1014 ;; Man mode commands
1017 "Move point to Nth next section (default 1)."
1027 "Move point to Nth previous section (default 1)."
1037 "Move point to SECTION if it exists, otherwise don't move point.
1038 Returns t if section is found, nil otherwise."
1045 nil)
1046 ))
1049 "Query for section to move point to."
1054 chosen
1059 default
1060 chosen)))
1065 Actually the section moved to is described by `Man-see-also-regexp'."
1072 "Return a possibly hyphenated word at point.
1073 If the word starts at the first non-whitespace column, and the
1074 previous line ends with a hyphen, return the last word on the previous
1089 word)))
1093 Specify which REFERENCE to use; default is based on word at point."
1100 ;; strip a trailing '-':
1104 word))
1105 Man-refpages-alist))
1107 chosen
1112 default
1113 chosen)))))
1121 "Kill the buffer containing the manpage."
1126 "Bury the buffer containing the manpage."
1131 "Go to the manual page on page PAGE."
1162 "Find the next manpage entry in the buffer."
1173 "Find the previous manpage entry in the buffer."
1182 \f
1183 ;; Init the man package variables, if not already done.
1191 ;;; man.el ends here