Add the `scroll-command' property.
[emacs.git] / lisp / dired-x.el
blobaba4b7a7a9d33b9472694b1b2ccaa4c6b0c08088
1 ;;; dired-x.el --- extra Dired functionality
3 ;; Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
4 ;; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6 ;; Author: Sebastian Kremer <sk@thp.uni-koeln.de>
7 ;; Lawrence R. Dodd <dodd@roebling.poly.edu>
8 ;; Maintainer: Romain Francoise <rfrancoise@gnu.org>
9 ;; Keywords: dired extensions files
11 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
13 ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
14 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
15 ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
16 ;; (at your option) any later version.
18 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
19 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
21 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
23 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
24 ;; along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
26 ;;; Commentary:
28 ;; This is Sebastian Kremer's excellent dired-x.el (Dired Extra), version
29 ;; 1.191, hacked up for GNU Emacs. Redundant or conflicting material has
30 ;; been removed or renamed in order to work properly with dired of GNU
31 ;; Emacs. All suggestions or comments are most welcomed.
34 ;; Please, PLEASE, *PLEASE* see the info pages.
37 ;; BUGS: Type M-x dired-x-submit-report and a report will be generated.
39 ;; INSTALLATION: In your ~/.emacs,
41 ;; (add-hook 'dired-load-hook
42 ;; (function (lambda ()
43 ;; (load "dired-x")
44 ;; ;; Set global variables here. For example:
45 ;; ;; (setq dired-guess-shell-gnutar "gtar")
46 ;; )))
47 ;; (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook
48 ;; (function (lambda ()
49 ;; ;; Set buffer-local variables here. For example:
50 ;; ;; (dired-omit-mode 1)
51 ;; )))
53 ;; At load time dired-x.el will install itself, redefine some functions, and
54 ;; bind some dired keys. *Please* see the info pages for more details.
56 ;; *Please* see the info pages for more details.
58 ;; User defined variables:
60 ;; dired-bind-vm
61 ;; dired-vm-read-only-folders
62 ;; dired-bind-jump
63 ;; dired-bind-info
64 ;; dired-bind-man
65 ;; dired-x-hands-off-my-keys
66 ;; dired-find-subdir
67 ;; dired-enable-local-variables
68 ;; dired-local-variables-file
69 ;; dired-guess-shell-gnutar
70 ;; dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet
71 ;; dired-guess-shell-znew-switches
72 ;; dired-guess-shell-alist-user
73 ;; dired-clean-up-buffers-too
74 ;; dired-omit-mode
75 ;; dired-omit-files
76 ;; dired-omit-extensions
77 ;; dired-omit-size-limit
79 ;; To find out more about these variables, load this file, put your cursor at
80 ;; the end of any of the variable names, and hit C-h v [RET]. *Please* see
81 ;; the info pages for more details.
83 ;; When loaded this code redefines the following functions of GNU Emacs
85 ;; Function Found in this file of GNU Emacs
86 ;; -------- -------------------------------
87 ;; dired-clean-up-after-deletion ../lisp/dired.el
88 ;; dired-find-buffer-nocreate ../lisp/dired.el
89 ;; dired-initial-position ../lisp/dired.el
91 ;; dired-add-entry ../lisp/dired-aux.el
92 ;; dired-read-shell-command ../lisp/dired-aux.el
95 ;;; Code:
97 ;; LOAD.
99 ;; This is a no-op if dired-x is being loaded via `dired-load-hook'. It is
100 ;; here in case the user has autoloaded dired-x via the dired-jump key binding
101 ;; (instead of autoloading to dired as is suggested in the info-pages).
103 (require 'dired)
105 ;; We will redefine some functions and also need some macros so we need to
106 ;; load dired stuff of GNU Emacs.
108 (require 'dired-aux)
110 (defvar vm-folder-directory)
111 (eval-when-compile (require 'man))
113 ;;; User-defined variables.
115 (defgroup dired-x nil
116 "Extended directory editing (dired-x)."
117 :group 'dired)
119 (defgroup dired-keys nil
120 "Dired keys customizations."
121 :prefix "dired-"
122 :group 'dired-x)
124 (defcustom dired-bind-vm nil
125 "Non-nil means \"V\" runs `dired-vm', otherwise \"V\" runs `dired-rmail'.
127 RMAIL files in the old Babyl format (used before before Emacs 23.1)
128 contain \"-*- rmail -*-\" at the top, so `dired-find-file'
129 will run `rmail' on these files. New RMAIL files use the standard
130 mbox format, and so cannot be distinguished in this way."
131 :type 'boolean
132 :group 'dired-keys)
134 (defcustom dired-bind-jump t
135 "Non-nil means bind `dired-jump' to C-x C-j, otherwise do not."
136 :type 'boolean
137 :group 'dired-keys)
139 (defcustom dired-bind-man t
140 "Non-nil means bind `dired-man' to \"N\" in dired-mode, otherwise do not."
141 :type 'boolean
142 :group 'dired-keys)
144 (defcustom dired-bind-info t
145 "Non-nil means bind `dired-info' to \"I\" in dired-mode, otherwise do not."
146 :type 'boolean
147 :group 'dired-keys)
149 (defcustom dired-vm-read-only-folders nil
150 "If non-nil, \\[dired-vm] will visit all folders read-only.
151 If neither nil nor t, e.g. the symbol `if-file-read-only', only
152 files not writable by you are visited read-only.
154 Read-only folders only work in VM 5, not in VM 4."
155 :type '(choice (const :tag "off" nil)
156 (const :tag "on" t)
157 (other :tag "non-writable only" if-file-read-only))
158 :group 'dired-x)
160 (define-minor-mode dired-omit-mode
161 "Toggle Dired-Omit mode.
162 With numeric ARG, enable Dired-Omit mode if ARG is positive, disable
163 otherwise. Enabling and disabling is buffer-local.
164 If enabled, \"uninteresting\" files are not listed.
165 Uninteresting files are those whose filenames match regexp `dired-omit-files',
166 plus those ending with extensions in `dired-omit-extensions'.
168 To enable omitting in every Dired buffer, you can put in your ~/.emacs
170 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook (lambda () (dired-omit-mode 1)))
172 See Info node `(dired-x) Omitting Variables' for more information."
173 :group 'dired-x
174 (if dired-omit-mode
175 ;; This will mention how many lines were omitted:
176 (let ((dired-omit-size-limit nil)) (dired-omit-expunge))
177 (revert-buffer)))
179 ;; For backward compatibility
180 (define-obsolete-variable-alias 'dired-omit-files-p 'dired-omit-mode "22.1")
182 (defcustom dired-omit-files "^\\.?#\\|^\\.$\\|^\\.\\.$"
183 "Filenames matching this regexp will not be displayed.
184 This only has effect when `dired-omit-mode' is t. See interactive function
185 `dired-omit-mode' \(\\[dired-omit-mode]\) and variable
186 `dired-omit-extensions'. The default is to omit `.', `..', auto-save
187 files and lock files."
188 :type 'regexp
189 :group 'dired-x)
191 (defcustom dired-find-subdir nil ; t is pretty near to DWIM...
192 "If non-nil, Dired always finds a directory in a buffer of its own.
193 If nil, Dired finds the directory as a subdirectory in some other buffer
194 if it is present as one.
196 If there are several dired buffers for a directory, the most recently
197 used is chosen.
199 Dired avoids switching to the current buffer, so that if you have
200 a normal and a wildcard buffer for the same directory, \\[dired] will
201 toggle between those two."
202 :type 'boolean
203 :group 'dired-x)
205 (defcustom dired-omit-size-limit 30000
206 "Maximum size for the \"omitting\" feature.
207 If nil, there is no maximum size."
208 :type '(choice (const :tag "no maximum" nil) integer)
209 :group 'dired-x)
211 (defcustom dired-enable-local-variables t
212 "Control use of local-variables lists in Dired.
213 The value can be t, nil or something else.
214 A value of t means local-variables lists are obeyed;
215 nil means they are ignored; anything else means query.
217 This temporarily overrides the value of `enable-local-variables' when
218 listing a directory. See also `dired-local-variables-file'."
219 :type 'boolean
220 :group 'dired-x)
222 (defcustom dired-guess-shell-gnutar (when (or (eq system-type 'gnu)
223 (eq system-type 'gnu/linux))
224 "tar")
225 "If non-nil, name of GNU tar executable.
226 \(E.g., \"tar\" or \"gtar\"). The `z' switch will be used with it for
227 compressed or gzip'ed tar files. If you don't have GNU tar, set this
228 to nil: a pipe using `zcat' or `gunzip -c' will be used."
229 :type '(choice (const :tag "Not GNU tar" nil)
230 (string :tag "Command name"))
231 :group 'dired-x)
233 (defcustom dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet t
234 "Non-nil says pass -q to gzip overriding verbose GZIP environment."
235 :type 'boolean
236 :group 'dired-x)
238 (defcustom dired-guess-shell-znew-switches nil
239 "If non-nil, then string of switches passed to `znew', example: \"-K\"."
240 :type '(choice (const :tag "None" nil)
241 (string :tag "Switches"))
242 :group 'dired-x)
244 (defcustom dired-clean-up-buffers-too t
245 "Non-nil means offer to kill buffers visiting files and dirs deleted in Dired."
246 :type 'boolean
247 :group 'dired-x)
249 ;;; KEY BINDINGS.
251 (define-key dired-mode-map "\M-o" 'dired-omit-mode)
252 (define-key dired-mode-map "*O" 'dired-mark-omitted)
253 (define-key dired-mode-map "\M-(" 'dired-mark-sexp)
254 (define-key dired-mode-map "*(" 'dired-mark-sexp)
255 (define-key dired-mode-map "*." 'dired-mark-extension)
256 (define-key dired-mode-map "\M-!" 'dired-smart-shell-command)
257 (define-key dired-mode-map "w" 'dired-copy-filename-as-kill)
258 (define-key dired-mode-map "\M-G" 'dired-goto-subdir)
259 (define-key dired-mode-map "F" 'dired-do-find-marked-files)
260 (define-key dired-mode-map "Y" 'dired-do-relsymlink)
261 (define-key dired-mode-map "%Y" 'dired-do-relsymlink-regexp)
262 (define-key dired-mode-map "V" 'dired-do-run-mail)
264 (if dired-bind-man
265 (define-key dired-mode-map "N" 'dired-man))
267 (if dired-bind-info
268 (define-key dired-mode-map "I" 'dired-info))
270 ;;; MENU BINDINGS
272 (let ((menu-bar (lookup-key dired-mode-map [menu-bar])))
273 (let ((menu (lookup-key menu-bar [operate])))
274 (define-key-after
275 menu
276 [find-files]
277 '(menu-item
278 "Find files"
279 dired-do-find-marked-files
280 :help "Find current or marked files")
281 'delete)
282 (define-key-after
283 menu
284 [relsymlink]
285 '(menu-item
286 "Relative symlink to..."
287 dired-do-relsymlink
288 :visible (fboundp 'make-symbolic-link)
289 :help "Make relative symbolic links for current or marked files")
290 'symlink))
291 (let ((menu (lookup-key menu-bar [mark])))
292 (define-key-after
293 menu
294 [flag-extension]
295 '(menu-item
296 "Flag extension..."
297 dired-flag-extension
298 :help "Flag files with a certain extension for deletion")
299 'garbage-files)
300 (define-key-after
301 menu
302 [mark-extension]
303 '(menu-item
304 "Mark extension..."
305 dired-mark-extension
306 :help "Mark files with a certain extension")
307 'symlinks)
308 (define-key-after
309 menu
310 [mark-omitted]
311 '(menu-item
312 "Mark omitted"
313 dired-mark-omitted
314 :help "Mark files matching `dired-omit-files' and `dired-omit-extensions'")
315 'mark-extension))
316 (let ((menu (lookup-key menu-bar [regexp])))
317 (define-key-after
318 menu
319 [relsymlink-regexp]
320 '(menu-item
321 "Relative symlink..."
322 dired-do-relsymlink-regexp
323 :visible (fboundp 'make-symbolic-link)
324 :help "Make relative symbolic links for files matching regexp")
325 'symlink))
326 (let ((menu (lookup-key menu-bar [immediate])))
327 (define-key-after
328 menu
329 [omit-mode]
330 '(menu-item
331 "Omit mode" dired-omit-mode
332 :button (:toggle . dired-omit-mode)
333 :help "Enable or disable omitting \"uninteresting\" files")
334 'dashes)))
336 ;;; GLOBAL BINDING.
337 (if dired-bind-jump
338 (progn
339 (define-key global-map "\C-x\C-j" 'dired-jump)
340 (define-key global-map "\C-x4\C-j" 'dired-jump-other-window)))
343 ;; Install into appropriate hooks.
345 (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'dired-extra-startup)
346 (add-hook 'dired-after-readin-hook 'dired-omit-expunge)
348 (defun dired-extra-startup ()
349 "Automatically put on `dired-mode-hook' to get extra Dired features:
350 \\<dired-mode-map>
351 \\[dired-do-run-mail]\t-- run mail on folder (see `dired-bind-vm')
352 \\[dired-info]\t-- run info on file
353 \\[dired-man]\t-- run man on file
354 \\[dired-do-find-marked-files]\t-- visit all marked files simultaneously
355 \\[dired-omit-mode]\t-- toggle omitting of files
356 \\[dired-mark-sexp]\t-- mark by Lisp expression
357 \\[dired-copy-filename-as-kill]\t-- copy the file or subdir names into the kill ring;
358 \t you can feed it to other commands using \\[yank]
360 For more features, see variables
362 `dired-bind-vm'
363 `dired-bind-jump'
364 `dired-bind-info'
365 `dired-bind-man'
366 `dired-vm-read-only-folders'
367 `dired-omit-mode'
368 `dired-omit-files'
369 `dired-omit-extensions'
370 `dired-omit-size-limit'
371 `dired-find-subdir'
372 `dired-enable-local-variables'
373 `dired-local-variables-file'
374 `dired-guess-shell-gnutar'
375 `dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet'
376 `dired-guess-shell-znew-switches'
377 `dired-guess-shell-alist-user'
378 `dired-clean-up-buffers-too'
380 See also functions
382 `dired-flag-extension'
383 `dired-virtual'
384 `dired-jump'
385 `dired-man'
386 `dired-vm'
387 `dired-rmail'
388 `dired-info'
389 `dired-do-find-marked-files'"
390 (interactive)
392 ;; These must be done in each new dired buffer.
393 (dired-hack-local-variables)
394 (dired-omit-startup))
397 ;;; BUFFER CLEANING.
399 ;; REDEFINE.
400 (defun dired-clean-up-after-deletion (fn)
401 "Clean up after a deleted file or directory FN.
402 Remove expanded subdir of deleted dir, if any."
403 (save-excursion (and (cdr dired-subdir-alist)
404 (dired-goto-subdir fn)
405 (dired-kill-subdir)))
407 ;; Offer to kill buffer of deleted file FN.
408 (if dired-clean-up-buffers-too
409 (progn
410 (let ((buf (get-file-buffer fn)))
411 (and buf
412 (funcall (function y-or-n-p)
413 (format "Kill buffer of %s, too? "
414 (file-name-nondirectory fn)))
415 (save-excursion ; you never know where kill-buffer leaves you
416 (kill-buffer buf))))
417 (let ((buf-list (dired-buffers-for-dir (expand-file-name fn)))
418 (buf nil))
419 (and buf-list
420 (y-or-n-p (format "Kill dired buffer%s of %s, too? "
421 (dired-plural-s (length buf-list))
422 (file-name-nondirectory fn)))
423 (while buf-list
424 (save-excursion (kill-buffer (car buf-list)))
425 (setq buf-list (cdr buf-list)))))))
426 ;; Anything else?
430 ;;; EXTENSION MARKING FUNCTIONS.
432 ;; Mark files with some extension.
433 (defun dired-mark-extension (extension &optional marker-char)
434 "Mark all files with a certain EXTENSION for use in later commands.
435 A `.' is *not* automatically prepended to the string entered."
436 ;; EXTENSION may also be a list of extensions instead of a single one.
437 ;; Optional MARKER-CHAR is marker to use.
438 (interactive "sMarking extension: \nP")
439 (or (listp extension)
440 (setq extension (list extension)))
441 (dired-mark-files-regexp
442 (concat ".";; don't match names with nothing but an extension
443 "\\("
444 (mapconcat 'regexp-quote extension "\\|")
445 "\\)$")
446 marker-char))
448 (defun dired-flag-extension (extension)
449 "In dired, flag all files with a certain EXTENSION for deletion.
450 A `.' is *not* automatically prepended to the string entered."
451 (interactive "sFlagging extension: ")
452 (dired-mark-extension extension dired-del-marker))
454 ;; Define some unpopular file extensions. Used for cleaning and omitting.
456 (defvar dired-patch-unclean-extensions
457 '(".rej" ".orig")
458 "List of extensions of dispensable files created by the `patch' program.")
460 (defvar dired-tex-unclean-extensions
461 '(".toc" ".log" ".aux");; these are already in completion-ignored-extensions
462 "List of extensions of dispensable files created by TeX.")
464 (defvar dired-latex-unclean-extensions
465 '(".idx" ".lof" ".lot" ".glo")
466 "List of extensions of dispensable files created by LaTeX.")
468 (defvar dired-bibtex-unclean-extensions
469 '(".blg" ".bbl")
470 "List of extensions of dispensable files created by BibTeX.")
472 (defvar dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions
473 '(".cp" ".cps" ".fn" ".fns" ".ky" ".kys" ".pg" ".pgs"
474 ".tp" ".tps" ".vr" ".vrs")
475 "List of extensions of dispensable files created by texinfo.")
477 (defun dired-clean-patch ()
478 "Flag dispensable files created by patch for deletion.
479 See variable `dired-patch-unclean-extensions'."
480 (interactive)
481 (dired-flag-extension dired-patch-unclean-extensions))
483 (defun dired-clean-tex ()
484 "Flag dispensable files created by [La]TeX etc. for deletion.
485 See variables `dired-tex-unclean-extensions',
486 `dired-latex-unclean-extensions', `dired-bibtex-unclean-extensions' and
487 `dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions'."
488 (interactive)
489 (dired-flag-extension (append dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions
490 dired-latex-unclean-extensions
491 dired-bibtex-unclean-extensions
492 dired-tex-unclean-extensions)))
494 (defun dired-very-clean-tex ()
495 "Flag dispensable files created by [La]TeX *and* \".dvi\" for deletion.
496 See variables `dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions',
497 `dired-latex-unclean-extensions', `dired-bibtex-unclean-extensions' and
498 `dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions'."
499 (interactive)
500 (dired-flag-extension (append dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions
501 dired-latex-unclean-extensions
502 dired-bibtex-unclean-extensions
503 dired-tex-unclean-extensions
504 (list ".dvi"))))
506 ;;; JUMP.
508 ;;;###autoload
509 (defun dired-jump (&optional other-window)
510 "Jump to dired buffer corresponding to current buffer.
511 If in a file, dired the current directory and move to file's line.
512 If in Dired already, pop up a level and goto old directory's line.
513 In case the proper dired file line cannot be found, refresh the dired
514 buffer and try again."
515 (interactive "P")
516 (let* ((file buffer-file-name)
517 (dir (if file (file-name-directory file) default-directory)))
518 (if (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
519 (progn
520 (setq dir (dired-current-directory))
521 (dired-up-directory other-window)
522 (or (dired-goto-file dir)
523 ;; refresh and try again
524 (progn
525 (dired-insert-subdir (file-name-directory dir))
526 (dired-goto-file dir))))
527 (if other-window
528 (dired-other-window dir)
529 (dired dir))
530 (if file
531 (or (dired-goto-file file)
532 ;; refresh and try again
533 (progn
534 (dired-insert-subdir (file-name-directory file))
535 (dired-goto-file file))
536 ;; Toggle omitting, if it is on, and try again.
537 (if dired-omit-mode
538 (progn
539 (dired-omit-mode)
540 (dired-goto-file file))))))))
542 (defun dired-jump-other-window ()
543 "Like \\[dired-jump] (`dired-jump') but in other window."
544 (interactive)
545 (dired-jump t))
547 ;;; OMITTING.
549 ;; Enhanced omitting of lines from directory listings.
550 ;; Marked files are never omitted.
552 ;; should probably get rid of this and always use 'no-dir.
553 ;; sk 28-Aug-1991 09:37
554 (defvar dired-omit-localp 'no-dir
555 "The LOCALP argument `dired-omit-expunge' passes to `dired-get-filename'.
556 If it is `no-dir', omitting is much faster, but you can only match
557 against the non-directory part of the file name. Set it to nil if you
558 need to match the entire file name.")
560 ;; \017=^O for Omit - other packages can chose other control characters.
561 (defvar dired-omit-marker-char ?\017
562 "Temporary marker used by Dired-Omit.
563 Should never be used as marker by the user or other packages.")
565 (defun dired-omit-startup ()
566 (or (assq 'dired-omit-mode minor-mode-alist)
567 (setq minor-mode-alist
568 (append '((dired-omit-mode
569 (:eval (if (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
570 " Omit" ""))))
571 minor-mode-alist))))
573 (defun dired-mark-omitted ()
574 "Mark files matching `dired-omit-files' and `dired-omit-extensions'."
575 (interactive)
576 (let ((dired-omit-mode nil)) (revert-buffer)) ;; Show omitted files
577 (dired-mark-unmarked-files (dired-omit-regexp) nil nil dired-omit-localp))
579 (defvar dired-omit-extensions
580 (append completion-ignored-extensions
581 dired-latex-unclean-extensions
582 dired-bibtex-unclean-extensions
583 dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions)
584 "If non-nil, a list of extensions \(strings\) to omit from Dired listings.
585 Defaults to elements of `completion-ignored-extensions',
586 `dired-latex-unclean-extensions', `dired-bibtex-unclean-extensions', and
587 `dired-texinfo-unclean-extensions'.
589 See interactive function `dired-omit-mode' \(\\[dired-omit-mode]\) and
590 variables `dired-omit-mode' and `dired-omit-files'.")
592 (defun dired-omit-expunge (&optional regexp)
593 "Erases all unmarked files matching REGEXP.
594 Does nothing if global variable `dired-omit-mode' is nil, or if called
595 non-interactively and buffer is bigger than `dired-omit-size-limit'.
596 If REGEXP is nil or not specified, uses `dired-omit-files', and also omits
597 filenames ending in `dired-omit-extensions'.
598 If REGEXP is the empty string, this function is a no-op.
600 This functions works by temporarily binding `dired-marker-char' to
601 `dired-omit-marker-char' and calling `dired-do-kill-lines'."
602 (interactive "sOmit files (regexp): ")
603 (if (and dired-omit-mode
604 (or (called-interactively-p 'interactive)
605 (not dired-omit-size-limit)
606 (< (buffer-size) dired-omit-size-limit)
607 (progn
608 (message "Not omitting: directory larger than %d characters."
609 dired-omit-size-limit)
610 (setq dired-omit-mode nil)
611 nil)))
612 (let ((omit-re (or regexp (dired-omit-regexp)))
613 (old-modified-p (buffer-modified-p))
614 count)
615 (or (string= omit-re "")
616 (let ((dired-marker-char dired-omit-marker-char))
617 (message "Omitting...")
618 (if (dired-mark-unmarked-files omit-re nil nil dired-omit-localp)
619 (progn
620 (setq count (dired-do-kill-lines nil "Omitted %d line%s."))
621 (force-mode-line-update))
622 (message "(Nothing to omit)"))))
623 ;; Try to preserve modified state of buffer. So `%*' doesn't appear
624 ;; in mode-line of omitted buffers.
625 (set-buffer-modified-p (and old-modified-p
626 (save-excursion
627 (goto-char (point-min))
628 (re-search-forward dired-re-mark nil t))))
629 count)))
631 (defun dired-omit-regexp ()
632 (concat (if dired-omit-files (concat "\\(" dired-omit-files "\\)") "")
633 (if (and dired-omit-files dired-omit-extensions) "\\|" "")
634 (if dired-omit-extensions
635 (concat ".";; a non-extension part should exist
636 "\\("
637 (mapconcat 'regexp-quote dired-omit-extensions "\\|")
638 "\\)$")
639 "")))
641 ;; Returns t if any work was done, nil otherwise.
642 (defun dired-mark-unmarked-files (regexp msg &optional unflag-p localp)
643 "Mark unmarked files matching REGEXP, displaying MSG.
644 REGEXP is matched against the entire file name.
645 Does not re-mark files which already have a mark.
646 With prefix argument, unflag all those files.
647 Optional fourth argument LOCALP is as in `dired-get-filename'."
648 (interactive "P")
649 (let ((dired-marker-char (if unflag-p ?\s dired-marker-char)))
650 (dired-mark-if
651 (and
652 ;; not already marked
653 (looking-at " ")
654 ;; uninteresting
655 (let ((fn (dired-get-filename localp t)))
656 (and fn (string-match regexp fn))))
657 msg)))
659 ;; Compiler does not get fset.
660 (declare-function dired-omit-old-add-entry "dired-x")
662 ;; REDEFINE.
663 ;; Redefine dired-aux.el's version of `dired-add-entry'
664 ;; Save old defun if not already done:
665 (or (fboundp 'dired-omit-old-add-entry)
666 (fset 'dired-omit-old-add-entry (symbol-function 'dired-add-entry)))
668 ;; REDEFINE.
669 (defun dired-omit-new-add-entry (filename &optional marker-char relative)
670 ;; This redefines dired-aux.el's dired-add-entry to avoid calling ls for
671 ;; files that are going to be omitted anyway.
672 (if dired-omit-mode
673 ;; perhaps return t without calling ls
674 (let ((omit-re (dired-omit-regexp)))
675 (if (or (string= omit-re "")
676 (not
677 (string-match omit-re
678 (cond
679 ((eq 'no-dir dired-omit-localp)
680 filename)
681 ((eq t dired-omit-localp)
682 (dired-make-relative filename))
684 (dired-make-absolute
685 filename
686 (file-name-directory filename)))))))
687 ;; if it didn't match, go ahead and add the entry
688 (dired-omit-old-add-entry filename marker-char relative)
689 ;; dired-add-entry returns t for success, perhaps we should
690 ;; return file-exists-p
692 ;; omitting is not turned on at all
693 (dired-omit-old-add-entry filename marker-char relative)))
695 ;; Redefine it.
696 (fset 'dired-add-entry 'dired-omit-new-add-entry)
699 ;;; VIRTUAL DIRED MODE.
701 ;; For browsing `ls -lR' listings in a dired-like fashion.
703 (defalias 'virtual-dired 'dired-virtual)
704 (defun dired-virtual (dirname &optional switches)
705 "Put this buffer into Virtual Dired mode.
707 In Virtual Dired mode, all commands that do not actually consult the
708 filesystem will work.
710 This is useful if you want to peruse and move around in an ls -lR
711 output file, for example one you got from an ftp server. With
712 ange-ftp, you can even dired a directory containing an ls-lR file,
713 visit that file and turn on virtual dired mode. But don't try to save
714 this file, as dired-virtual indents the listing and thus changes the
715 buffer.
717 If you have save a Dired buffer in a file you can use \\[dired-virtual] to
718 resume it in a later session.
720 Type \\<dired-mode-map>\\[revert-buffer] \
721 in the Virtual Dired buffer and answer `y' to convert
722 the virtual to a real dired buffer again. You don't have to do this, though:
723 you can relist single subdirs using \\[dired-do-redisplay]."
725 ;; DIRNAME is the top level directory of the buffer. It will become
726 ;; its `default-directory'. If nil, the old value of
727 ;; default-directory is used.
729 ;; Optional SWITCHES are the ls switches to use.
731 ;; Shell wildcards will be used if there already is a `wildcard'
732 ;; line in the buffer (thus it is a saved Dired buffer), but there
733 ;; is no other way to get wildcards. Insert a `wildcard' line by
734 ;; hand if you want them.
736 (interactive
737 (list (read-string "Virtual Dired directory: " (dired-virtual-guess-dir))))
738 (goto-char (point-min))
739 (or (looking-at " ")
740 ;; if not already indented, do it now:
741 (indent-region (point-min) (point-max) 2))
742 (or dirname (setq dirname default-directory))
743 (setq dirname (expand-file-name (file-name-as-directory dirname)))
744 (setq default-directory dirname) ; contains no wildcards
745 (let ((wildcard (save-excursion
746 (goto-char (point-min))
747 (forward-line 1)
748 (and (looking-at "^ wildcard ")
749 (buffer-substring (match-end 0)
750 (progn (end-of-line) (point)))))))
751 (if wildcard
752 (setq dirname (expand-file-name wildcard default-directory))))
753 ;; If raw ls listing (not a saved old dired buffer), give it a
754 ;; decent subdir headerline:
755 (goto-char (point-min))
756 (or (looking-at dired-subdir-regexp)
757 (insert " "
758 (directory-file-name (file-name-directory default-directory))
759 ":\n"))
760 (dired-mode dirname (or switches dired-listing-switches))
761 (setq mode-name "Virtual Dired"
762 revert-buffer-function 'dired-virtual-revert)
763 (set (make-local-variable 'dired-subdir-alist) nil)
764 (dired-build-subdir-alist)
765 (goto-char (point-min))
766 (dired-initial-position dirname))
768 (defun dired-virtual-guess-dir ()
769 "Guess and return appropriate working directory of this buffer.
770 The buffer is assumed to be in Dired or ls -lR format. The guess is
771 based upon buffer contents. If nothing could be guessed, returns
772 nil."
774 (let ((regexp "^\\( \\)?\\([^ \n\r]*\\)\\(:\\)[\n\r]")
775 (subexpr 2))
776 (goto-char (point-min))
777 (cond ((looking-at regexp)
778 ;; If a saved dired buffer, look to which dir and
779 ;; perhaps wildcard it belongs:
780 (let ((dir (buffer-substring (match-beginning subexpr)
781 (match-end subexpr))))
782 (file-name-as-directory dir)))
783 ;; Else no match for headerline found. It's a raw ls listing.
784 ;; In raw ls listings the directory does not have a headerline
785 ;; try parent of first subdir, if any
786 ((re-search-forward regexp nil t)
787 (file-name-directory
788 (directory-file-name
789 (file-name-as-directory
790 (buffer-substring (match-beginning subexpr)
791 (match-end subexpr))))))
792 (t ; if all else fails
793 nil))))
796 (defun dired-virtual-revert (&optional arg noconfirm)
797 (if (not
798 (y-or-n-p "Cannot revert a Virtual Dired buffer - switch to Real Dired mode? "))
799 (error "Cannot revert a Virtual Dired buffer")
800 (setq mode-name "Dired"
801 revert-buffer-function 'dired-revert)
802 (revert-buffer)))
804 ;; A zero-arg version of dired-virtual.
805 (defun dired-virtual-mode ()
806 "Put current buffer into Virtual Dired mode (see `dired-virtual').
807 Useful on `magic-mode-alist' with the regexp
809 \"^ \\\\(/[^ /]+\\\\)+/?:$\"
811 to put saved dired buffers automatically into Virtual Dired mode.
813 Also useful for `auto-mode-alist' like this:
815 (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist
816 '(\"[^/]\\\\.dired\\\\'\" . dired-virtual-mode))"
817 (interactive)
818 (dired-virtual (dired-virtual-guess-dir)))
821 ;;; SMART SHELL.
823 ;; An Emacs buffer can have but one working directory, stored in the
824 ;; buffer-local variable `default-directory'. A Dired buffer may have
825 ;; several subdirectories inserted, but still has but one working directory:
826 ;; that of the top level Dired directory in that buffer. For some commands
827 ;; it is appropriate that they use the current Dired directory instead of
828 ;; `default-directory', e.g., `find-file' and `compile'. This is a general
829 ;; mechanism is provided for special handling of the working directory in
830 ;; special major modes.
832 ;; It's easier to add to this alist than redefine function
833 ;; default-directory while keeping the old information.
834 (defconst default-directory-alist
835 '((dired-mode . (if (fboundp 'dired-current-directory)
836 (dired-current-directory)
837 default-directory)))
838 "Alist of major modes and their opinion on `default-directory'.
839 This is given as a Lisp expression to evaluate. A resulting value of
840 nil is ignored in favor of `default-directory'.")
842 (defun dired-default-directory ()
843 "Usage like variable `default-directory'.
844 Knows about the special cases in variable `default-directory-alist'."
845 (or (eval (cdr (assq major-mode default-directory-alist)))
846 default-directory))
848 (defun dired-smart-shell-command (command &optional output-buffer error-buffer)
849 "Like function `shell-command', but in the current Virtual Dired directory."
850 (interactive
851 (list
852 (read-shell-command "Shell command: " nil nil
853 (cond
854 (buffer-file-name (file-relative-name buffer-file-name))
855 ((eq major-mode 'dired-mode) (dired-get-filename t t))))
856 current-prefix-arg
857 shell-command-default-error-buffer))
858 (let ((default-directory (dired-default-directory)))
859 (shell-command command output-buffer error-buffer)))
862 ;;; LOCAL VARIABLES FOR DIRED BUFFERS.
864 ;; Brief Description:
866 ;; * `dired-extra-startup' is part of the `dired-mode-hook'.
868 ;; * `dired-extra-startup' calls `dired-hack-local-variables'
870 ;; * `dired-hack-local-variables' checks the value of
871 ;;; `dired-local-variables-file'
873 ;; * Check if `dired-local-variables-file' is a non-nil string and is a
874 ;;; filename found in the directory of the Dired Buffer being created.
876 ;; * If `dired-local-variables-file' satisfies the above, then temporarily
877 ;;; include it in the Dired Buffer at the bottom.
879 ;; * Set `enable-local-variables' temporarily to the user variable
880 ;;; `dired-enable-local-variables' and run `hack-local-variables' on the
881 ;;; Dired Buffer.
883 (defvar dired-local-variables-file (convert-standard-filename ".dired")
884 "Filename, as string, containing local dired buffer variables to be hacked.
885 If this file found in current directory, then it will be inserted into dired
886 buffer and `hack-local-variables' will be run. See Info node
887 `(emacs)File Variables' for more information on local variables.
888 See also `dired-enable-local-variables'.")
890 (defun dired-hack-local-variables ()
891 "Evaluate local variables in `dired-local-variables-file' for dired buffer."
892 (if (and dired-local-variables-file
893 (stringp dired-local-variables-file)
894 (file-exists-p dired-local-variables-file))
895 (let ((opoint (point-max))
896 buffer-read-only
897 ;; In case user has `enable-local-variables' set to nil we
898 ;; override it locally with dired's variable.
899 (enable-local-variables dired-enable-local-variables))
900 ;; Insert 'em.
901 (save-excursion
902 (goto-char opoint)
903 (insert "\^L\n")
904 (insert-file-contents dired-local-variables-file))
905 ;; Hack 'em.
906 (let ((buffer-file-name dired-local-variables-file))
907 (hack-local-variables))
908 ;; Make sure that the modeline shows the proper information.
909 (dired-sort-set-modeline)
910 ;; Delete this stuff: `eobp' is used to find last subdir by dired.el.
911 (delete-region opoint (point-max)))))
913 (defun dired-omit-here-always ()
914 "Create `dired-local-variables-file' for omitting and reverts directory.
915 Sets `dired-omit-mode' to t in a local variables file that is readable by
916 dired."
917 (interactive)
918 (if (file-exists-p dired-local-variables-file)
919 (message "File `./%s' already exists." dired-local-variables-file)
921 ;; Create `dired-local-variables-file'.
922 (with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create " *dot-dired*")
923 (erase-buffer)
924 (insert "Local Variables:\ndired-omit-mode: t\nEnd:\n")
925 (write-file dired-local-variables-file)
926 (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
928 ;; Run extra-hooks and revert directory.
929 (dired-extra-startup)
930 (dired-revert)))
933 ;;; GUESS SHELL COMMAND.
935 ;; Brief Description:
937 ;; `dired-do-shell-command' is bound to `!' by dired.el.
939 ;; * Redefine `dired-read-shell-command' so it calls
940 ;;; `dired-guess-shell-command'.
942 ;; * `dired-guess-shell-command' calls `dired-guess-default' with list of
943 ;;; marked files.
945 ;; * Parse `dired-guess-shell-alist-user' and
946 ;;; `dired-guess-shell-alist-default' (in that order) for the first REGEXP
947 ;;; that matches the first file in the file list.
949 ;; * If the REGEXP matches all the entries of the file list then evaluate
950 ;;; COMMAND, which is either a string or a Lisp expression returning a
951 ;;; string. COMMAND may be a list of commands.
953 ;; * Return this command to `dired-guess-shell-command' which prompts user
954 ;;; with it. The list of commands is put into the list of default values.
955 ;;; If a command is used successfully then it is stored permanently in
956 ;;; `dired-shell-command-history'.
958 ;; Guess what shell command to apply to a file.
959 (defvar dired-shell-command-history nil
960 "History list for commands that read dired-shell commands.")
962 ;; Default list of shell commands.
964 ;; NOTE: Use `gunzip -c' instead of `zcat' on `.gz' files. Some do not
965 ;; install GNU zip's version of zcat.
967 (defvar dired-guess-shell-alist-default
968 (list
969 (list "\\.tar$"
970 '(if dired-guess-shell-gnutar
971 (concat dired-guess-shell-gnutar " xvf")
972 "tar xvf")
973 ;; Extract files into a separate subdirectory
974 '(if dired-guess-shell-gnutar
975 (concat "mkdir " (file-name-sans-extension file)
976 "; " dired-guess-shell-gnutar " -C "
977 (file-name-sans-extension file) " -xvf")
978 (concat "mkdir " (file-name-sans-extension file)
979 "; tar -C " (file-name-sans-extension file) " -xvf"))
980 ;; List archive contents.
981 '(if dired-guess-shell-gnutar
982 (concat dired-guess-shell-gnutar " tvf")
983 "tar tvf"))
985 ;; REGEXPS for compressed archives must come before the .Z rule to
986 ;; be recognized:
987 (list "\\.tar\\.Z$"
988 ;; Untar it.
989 '(if dired-guess-shell-gnutar
990 (concat dired-guess-shell-gnutar " zxvf")
991 (concat "zcat * | tar xvf -"))
992 ;; Optional conversion to gzip format.
993 '(concat "znew" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")
994 " " dired-guess-shell-znew-switches))
996 ;; gzip'ed archives
997 (list "\\.t\\(ar\\.\\)?gz$"
998 '(if dired-guess-shell-gnutar
999 (concat dired-guess-shell-gnutar " zxvf")
1000 (concat "gunzip -qc * | tar xvf -"))
1001 ;; Extract files into a separate subdirectory
1002 '(if dired-guess-shell-gnutar
1003 (concat "mkdir " (file-name-sans-extension file)
1004 "; " dired-guess-shell-gnutar " -C "
1005 (file-name-sans-extension file) " -zxvf")
1006 (concat "mkdir " (file-name-sans-extension file)
1007 "; gunzip -qc * | tar -C "
1008 (file-name-sans-extension file) " -xvf -"))
1009 ;; Optional decompression.
1010 '(concat "gunzip" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q" ""))
1011 ;; List archive contents.
1012 '(if dired-guess-shell-gnutar
1013 (concat dired-guess-shell-gnutar " ztvf")
1014 (concat "gunzip -qc * | tar tvf -")))
1016 ;; bzip2'ed archives
1017 (list "\\.t\\(ar\\.bz2\\|bz\\)$"
1018 "bunzip2 -c * | tar xvf -"
1019 ;; Extract files into a separate subdirectory
1020 '(concat "mkdir " (file-name-sans-extension file)
1021 "; bunzip2 -c * | tar -C "
1022 (file-name-sans-extension file) " -xvf -")
1023 ;; Optional decompression.
1024 "bunzip2")
1026 ;; xz'ed archives
1027 (list "\\.t\\(ar\\.\\)?xz$"
1028 "unxz -c * | tar xvf -"
1029 ;; Extract files into a separate subdirectory
1030 '(concat "mkdir " (file-name-sans-extension file)
1031 "; unxz -c * | tar -C "
1032 (file-name-sans-extension file) " -xvf -")
1033 ;; Optional decompression.
1034 "unxz")
1036 '("\\.shar\\.Z$" "zcat * | unshar")
1037 '("\\.shar\\.g?z$" "gunzip -qc * | unshar")
1039 '("\\.e?ps$" "ghostview" "xloadimage" "lpr")
1040 (list "\\.e?ps\\.g?z$" "gunzip -qc * | ghostview -"
1041 ;; Optional decompression.
1042 '(concat "gunzip" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")))
1043 (list "\\.e?ps\\.Z$" "zcat * | ghostview -"
1044 ;; Optional conversion to gzip format.
1045 '(concat "znew" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")
1046 " " dired-guess-shell-znew-switches))
1048 '("\\.patch$" "cat * | patch")
1049 (list "\\.patch\\.g?z$" "gunzip -qc * | patch"
1050 ;; Optional decompression.
1051 '(concat "gunzip" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")))
1052 (list "\\.patch\\.Z$" "zcat * | patch"
1053 ;; Optional conversion to gzip format.
1054 '(concat "znew" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")
1055 " " dired-guess-shell-znew-switches))
1057 ;; The following four extensions are useful with dired-man ("N" key)
1058 (list "\\.\\(?:[0-9]\\|man\\)$" '(progn (require 'man)
1059 (if (Man-support-local-filenames)
1060 "man -l"
1061 "cat * | tbl | nroff -man -h")))
1062 (list "\\.\\(?:[0-9]\\|man\\)\\.g?z$" '(progn (require 'man)
1063 (if (Man-support-local-filenames)
1064 "man -l"
1065 "gunzip -qc * | tbl | nroff -man -h"))
1066 ;; Optional decompression.
1067 '(concat "gunzip" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")))
1068 (list "\\.[0-9]\\.Z$" '(progn (require 'man)
1069 (if (Man-support-local-filenames)
1070 "man -l"
1071 "zcat * | tbl | nroff -man -h"))
1072 ;; Optional conversion to gzip format.
1073 '(concat "znew" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")
1074 " " dired-guess-shell-znew-switches))
1075 '("\\.pod$" "perldoc" "pod2man * | nroff -man")
1077 '("\\.dvi$" "xdvi" "dvips") ; preview and printing
1078 '("\\.au$" "play") ; play Sun audiofiles
1079 '("\\.mpe?g$\\|\\.avi$" "xine -p")
1080 '("\\.ogg$" "ogg123")
1081 '("\\.mp3$" "mpg123")
1082 '("\\.wav$" "play")
1083 '("\\.uu$" "uudecode") ; for uudecoded files
1084 '("\\.hqx$" "mcvert")
1085 '("\\.sh$" "sh") ; execute shell scripts
1086 '("\\.xbm$" "bitmap") ; view X11 bitmaps
1087 '("\\.gp$" "gnuplot")
1088 '("\\.p[bgpn]m$" "xloadimage")
1089 '("\\.gif$" "xloadimage") ; view gif pictures
1090 '("\\.tif$" "xloadimage")
1091 '("\\.png$" "display") ; xloadimage 4.1 doesn't grok PNG
1092 '("\\.jpe?g$" "xloadimage")
1093 '("\\.fig$" "xfig") ; edit fig pictures
1094 '("\\.out$" "xgraph") ; for plotting purposes.
1095 '("\\.tex$" "latex" "tex")
1096 '("\\.texi\\(nfo\\)?$" "makeinfo" "texi2dvi")
1097 '("\\.pdf$" "xpdf")
1098 '("\\.doc$" "antiword" "strings")
1099 '("\\.rpm$" "rpm -qilp" "rpm -ivh")
1100 '("\\.dia$" "dia")
1101 '("\\.mgp$" "mgp")
1103 ;; Some other popular archivers.
1104 (list "\\.zip$" "unzip" "unzip -l"
1105 ;; Extract files into a separate subdirectory
1106 '(concat "unzip" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")
1107 " -d " (file-name-sans-extension file)))
1108 '("\\.zoo$" "zoo x//")
1109 '("\\.lzh$" "lharc x")
1110 '("\\.arc$" "arc x")
1111 '("\\.shar$" "unshar")
1113 ;; Compression.
1114 (list "\\.g?z$" '(concat "gunzip" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")))
1115 (list "\\.dz$" "dictunzip")
1116 (list "\\.bz2$" "bunzip2")
1117 (list "\\.xz$" "unxz")
1118 (list "\\.Z$" "uncompress"
1119 ;; Optional conversion to gzip format.
1120 '(concat "znew" (if dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet " -q")
1121 " " dired-guess-shell-znew-switches))
1123 '("\\.sign?$" "gpg --verify"))
1125 "Default alist used for shell command guessing.
1126 See `dired-guess-shell-alist-user'.")
1128 (defcustom dired-guess-shell-alist-user nil
1129 "User-defined alist of rules for suggested commands.
1130 These rules take precedence over the predefined rules in the variable
1131 `dired-guess-shell-alist-default' (to which they are prepended).
1133 Each element of this list looks like
1135 \(REGEXP COMMAND...\)
1137 where each COMMAND can either be a string or a Lisp expression that evaluates
1138 to a string. If several COMMANDs are given, the first one will be the default
1139 and the rest will be added temporarily to the history and can be retrieved
1140 with \\[previous-history-element] (M-p) .
1142 The variable `dired-guess-shell-case-fold-search' controls whether
1143 REGEXP is matched case-sensitively.
1145 You can set this variable in your ~/.emacs. For example, to add rules for
1146 `.foo' and `.bar' files, write
1148 \(setq dired-guess-shell-alist-user
1149 (list (list \"\\\\.foo\\\\'\" \"FOO-COMMAND\");; fixed rule
1150 ;; possibly more rules ...
1151 (list \"\\\\.bar\\\\'\";; rule with condition test
1152 '(if condition
1153 \"BAR-COMMAND-1\"
1154 \"BAR-COMMAND-2\")))\)"
1155 :group 'dired-x
1156 :type '(alist :key-type regexp :value-type (repeat sexp)))
1158 (defcustom dired-guess-shell-case-fold-search t
1159 "If non-nil, `dired-guess-shell-alist-default' and
1160 `dired-guess-shell-alist-user' are matched case-insensitively."
1161 :group 'dired-x
1162 :type 'boolean)
1164 (defun dired-guess-default (files)
1165 "Guess a shell commands for FILES. Return command or list of commands.
1166 See `dired-guess-shell-alist-user'."
1168 (let* ((case-fold-search dired-guess-shell-case-fold-search)
1169 ;; Prepend the user's alist to the default alist.
1170 (alist (append dired-guess-shell-alist-user
1171 dired-guess-shell-alist-default))
1172 (file (car files))
1173 (flist (cdr files))
1174 elt regexp cmds)
1176 ;; Find the first match in the alist for first file in FILES.
1177 (while alist
1178 (setq elt (car alist)
1179 regexp (car elt)
1180 alist (cdr alist))
1181 (if (string-match regexp file)
1182 (setq cmds (cdr elt)
1183 alist nil)))
1185 ;; If more than one file, see if all of FILES match regular expression.
1186 (while (and flist
1187 (string-match regexp (car flist)))
1188 (setq flist (cdr flist)))
1190 ;; If flist is still non-nil, then do not guess since this means that not
1191 ;; all the files in FILES were matched by the regexp.
1192 (setq cmds (and (not flist) cmds))
1194 ;; Return commands or nil if flist is still non-nil.
1195 ;; Evaluate the commands in order that any logical testing will be done.
1196 (cond ((not (cdr cmds))
1197 (eval (car cmds))) ; single command
1199 (mapcar (function eval) cmds)))))
1201 (defun dired-guess-shell-command (prompt files)
1202 "Ask user with PROMPT for a shell command, guessing a default from FILES."
1203 (let ((default (dired-guess-default files))
1204 default-list val)
1205 (if (null default)
1206 ;; Nothing to guess
1207 (read-shell-command prompt nil 'dired-shell-command-history)
1208 (if (listp default)
1209 ;; More than one guess
1210 (setq default-list default
1211 default (car default)
1212 prompt (concat
1213 prompt
1214 (format "{%d guesses} " (length default-list))))
1215 ;; Just one guess
1216 (setq default-list (list default)))
1217 ;; Put the first guess in the prompt but not in the initial value.
1218 (setq prompt (concat prompt (format "[%s] " default)))
1219 ;; All guesses can be retrieved with M-n
1220 (setq val (read-shell-command prompt nil
1221 'dired-shell-command-history
1222 default-list))
1223 ;; If we got a return, then return default.
1224 (if (equal val "") default val))))
1226 ;; REDEFINE.
1227 ;; Redefine dired-aux.el's version:
1228 (defun dired-read-shell-command (prompt arg files)
1229 "Read a dired shell command prompting with PROMPT (using `read-shell-command').
1230 ARG is the prefix arg and may be used to indicate in the prompt which
1231 FILES are affected.
1232 This is an extra function so that you can redefine it."
1233 (minibuffer-with-setup-hook
1234 (lambda ()
1235 (set (make-local-variable 'minibuffer-default-add-function)
1236 'minibuffer-default-add-dired-shell-commands))
1237 (dired-mark-pop-up
1238 nil 'shell files
1239 'dired-guess-shell-command
1240 (format prompt (dired-mark-prompt arg files)) ; PROMPT
1241 files))) ; FILES
1244 ;;; RELATIVE SYMBOLIC LINKS.
1246 (declare-function make-symbolic-link "fileio.c")
1248 (defvar dired-keep-marker-relsymlink ?S
1249 "See variable `dired-keep-marker-move'.")
1251 (defun dired-make-relative-symlink (file1 file2 &optional ok-if-already-exists)
1252 "Make a symbolic link (pointing to FILE1) in FILE2.
1253 The link is relative (if possible), for example
1255 \"/vol/tex/bin/foo\" \"/vol/local/bin/foo\"
1257 results in
1259 \"../../tex/bin/foo\" \"/vol/local/bin/foo\""
1260 (interactive "FRelSymLink: \nFRelSymLink %s: \np")
1261 (let (name1 name2 len1 len2 (index 0) sub)
1262 (setq file1 (expand-file-name file1)
1263 file2 (expand-file-name file2)
1264 len1 (length file1)
1265 len2 (length file2))
1266 ;; Find common initial file name components:
1267 (let (next)
1268 (while (and (setq next (string-match "/" file1 index))
1269 (setq next (1+ next))
1270 (< next (min len1 len2))
1271 ;; For the comparison, both substrings must end in
1272 ;; `/', so NEXT is *one plus* the result of the
1273 ;; string-match.
1274 ;; E.g., consider the case of linking "/tmp/a/abc"
1275 ;; to "/tmp/abc" erroneously giving "/tmp/a" instead
1276 ;; of "/tmp/" as common initial component
1277 (string-equal (substring file1 0 next)
1278 (substring file2 0 next)))
1279 (setq index next))
1280 (setq name2 file2
1281 sub (substring file1 0 index)
1282 name1 (substring file1 index)))
1283 (if (string-equal sub "/")
1284 ;; No common initial file name found
1285 (setq name1 file1)
1286 ;; Else they have a common parent directory
1287 (let ((tem (substring file2 index))
1288 (start 0)
1289 (count 0))
1290 ;; Count number of slashes we must compensate for ...
1291 (while (setq start (string-match "/" tem start))
1292 (setq count (1+ count)
1293 start (1+ start)))
1294 ;; ... and prepend a "../" for each slash found:
1295 (while (> count 0)
1296 (setq count (1- count)
1297 name1 (concat "../" name1)))))
1298 (make-symbolic-link
1299 (directory-file-name name1) ; must not link to foo/
1300 ; (trailing slash!)
1301 name2 ok-if-already-exists)))
1303 ;;;###autoload
1304 (defun dired-do-relsymlink (&optional arg)
1305 "Relative symlink all marked (or next ARG) files into a directory.
1306 Otherwise make a relative symbolic link to the current file.
1307 This creates relative symbolic links like
1309 foo -> ../bar/foo
1311 not absolute ones like
1313 foo -> /ugly/file/name/that/may/change/any/day/bar/foo
1315 For absolute symlinks, use \\[dired-do-symlink]."
1316 (interactive "P")
1317 (dired-do-create-files 'relsymlink (function dired-make-relative-symlink)
1318 "RelSymLink" arg dired-keep-marker-relsymlink))
1320 (defun dired-do-relsymlink-regexp (regexp newname &optional arg whole-name)
1321 "RelSymlink all marked files containing REGEXP to NEWNAME.
1322 See functions `dired-do-rename-regexp' and `dired-do-relsymlink'
1323 for more info."
1324 (interactive (dired-mark-read-regexp "RelSymLink"))
1325 (dired-do-create-files-regexp
1326 (function dired-make-relative-symlink)
1327 "RelSymLink" arg regexp newname whole-name dired-keep-marker-relsymlink))
1330 ;;; VISIT ALL MARKED FILES SIMULTANEOUSLY.
1332 ;; Brief Description:
1334 ;; `dired-do-find-marked-files' is bound to `F' by dired-x.el.
1336 ;; * Use `dired-get-marked-files' to collect the marked files in the current
1337 ;;; Dired Buffer into a list of filenames `FILE-LIST'.
1339 ;; * Pass FILE-LIST to `dired-simultaneous-find-file' all with
1340 ;;; `dired-do-find-marked-files''s prefix argument NOSELECT.
1342 ;; * `dired-simultaneous-find-file' runs through FILE-LIST decrementing the
1343 ;;; list each time.
1345 ;; * If NOSELECT is non-nil then just run `find-file-noselect' on each
1346 ;;; element of FILE-LIST.
1348 ;; * If NOSELECT is nil then calculate the `size' of the window for each file
1349 ;;; by dividing the `window-height' by length of FILE-LIST. Thus, `size' is
1350 ;;; cognizant of the window-configuration.
1352 ;; * If `size' is too small abort, otherwise run `find-file' on each element
1353 ;;; of FILE-LIST giving each a window of height `size'.
1355 (defun dired-do-find-marked-files (&optional noselect)
1356 "Find all marked files displaying all of them simultaneously.
1357 With optional NOSELECT just find files but do not select them.
1359 The current window is split across all files marked, as evenly as possible.
1360 Remaining lines go to bottom-most window. The number of files that can be
1361 displayed this way is restricted by the height of the current window and
1362 `window-min-height'.
1364 To keep dired buffer displayed, type \\[split-window-vertically] first.
1365 To display just marked files, type \\[delete-other-windows] first."
1367 (interactive "P")
1368 (dired-simultaneous-find-file (dired-get-marked-files) noselect))
1370 (defun dired-simultaneous-find-file (file-list noselect)
1372 "Visit all files in FILE-LIST and display them simultaneously.
1373 The current window is split across all files in FILE-LIST, as evenly as
1374 possible. Remaining lines go to the bottom-most window. The number of
1375 files that can be displayed this way is restricted by the height of the
1376 current window and the variable `window-min-height'. With non-nil
1377 NOSELECT the files are merely found but not selected."
1379 ;; We don't make this function interactive because it is usually too clumsy
1380 ;; to specify FILE-LIST interactively unless via dired.
1382 (let (size)
1384 (if noselect
1385 ;; Do not select the buffer.
1386 (find-file-noselect (car file-list))
1388 ;; We will have to select the buffer. Calculate and check window size.
1389 (setq size (/ (window-height) (length file-list)))
1390 (or (<= window-min-height size)
1391 (error "Too many files to visit simultaneously. Try C-u prefix"))
1392 (find-file (car file-list)))
1394 ;; Decrement.
1395 (setq file-list (cdr file-list))
1397 (while file-list
1399 (if noselect
1400 ;; Do not select the buffer.
1401 (find-file-noselect (car file-list))
1403 ;; Vertically split off a window of desired size. Upper window will
1404 ;; have SIZE lines. Select lower (larger) window. We split it again.
1405 (select-window (split-window nil size))
1406 (find-file (car file-list)))
1408 ;; Decrement.
1409 (setq file-list (cdr file-list)))))
1412 ;;; MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS.
1414 ;; Run man on files.
1416 (defun dired-man ()
1417 "Run man on this file. Display old buffer if buffer name matches filename.
1418 Uses `man.el' of \\[manual-entry] fame."
1419 (interactive)
1420 (require 'man)
1421 (let* ((file (dired-get-filename))
1422 (manual-program (replace-regexp-in-string "\\*" "%s"
1423 (dired-guess-shell-command
1424 "Man command: " (list file)))))
1425 (Man-getpage-in-background file)))
1427 ;; Run Info on files.
1429 (defun dired-info ()
1430 "Run info on this file."
1431 (interactive)
1432 (info (dired-get-filename)))
1434 ;; Run mail on mail folders.
1436 ;; Avoid compiler warning.
1437 (eval-when-compile
1438 (when (not (fboundp 'vm-visit-folder))
1439 (defun vm-visit-folder (file &optional arg)
1440 nil)))
1442 (defun dired-vm (&optional read-only)
1443 "Run VM on this file.
1444 With prefix arg, visit folder read-only (this requires at least VM 5).
1445 See also variable `dired-vm-read-only-folders'."
1446 (interactive "P")
1447 (let ((dir (dired-current-directory))
1448 (fil (dired-get-filename)))
1449 ;; take care to supply 2nd arg only if requested - may still run VM 4!
1450 (cond (read-only (vm-visit-folder fil t))
1451 ((eq t dired-vm-read-only-folders) (vm-visit-folder fil t))
1452 ((null dired-vm-read-only-folders) (vm-visit-folder fil))
1453 (t (vm-visit-folder fil (not (file-writable-p fil)))))
1454 ;; so that pressing `v' inside VM does prompt within current directory:
1455 (set (make-local-variable 'vm-folder-directory) dir)))
1457 (defun dired-rmail ()
1458 "Run RMAIL on this file."
1459 (interactive)
1460 (rmail (dired-get-filename)))
1462 (defun dired-do-run-mail ()
1463 "If `dired-bind-vm' is t, then function `dired-vm', otherwise `dired-rmail'."
1464 (interactive)
1465 (if dired-bind-vm
1466 ;; Read mail folder using vm.
1467 (dired-vm)
1468 ;; Read mail folder using rmail.
1469 (dired-rmail)))
1472 ;;; MISCELLANEOUS INTERNAL FUNCTIONS.
1474 (declare-function dired-old-find-buffer-nocreate "dired-x")
1476 (or (fboundp 'dired-old-find-buffer-nocreate)
1477 (fset 'dired-old-find-buffer-nocreate
1478 (symbol-function 'dired-find-buffer-nocreate)))
1480 ;; REDEFINE.
1481 ;; Redefines dired.el's version of `dired-find-buffer-nocreate'
1482 (defun dired-find-buffer-nocreate (dirname &optional mode)
1483 (if (and dired-find-subdir
1484 ;; don't try to find a wildcard as a subdirectory
1485 (string-equal dirname (file-name-directory dirname)))
1486 (let* ((cur-buf (current-buffer))
1487 (buffers (nreverse
1488 (dired-buffers-for-dir (expand-file-name dirname))))
1489 (cur-buf-matches (and (memq cur-buf buffers)
1490 ;; wildcards must match, too:
1491 (equal dired-directory dirname))))
1492 ;; We don't want to switch to the same buffer---
1493 (setq buffers (delq cur-buf buffers));;need setq with delq
1494 (or (car (sort buffers (function dired-buffer-more-recently-used-p)))
1495 ;; ---unless it's the only possibility:
1496 (and cur-buf-matches cur-buf)))
1497 (dired-old-find-buffer-nocreate dirname mode)))
1499 ;; This should be a builtin
1500 (defun dired-buffer-more-recently-used-p (buffer1 buffer2)
1501 "Return t if BUFFER1 is more recently used than BUFFER2."
1502 (if (equal buffer1 buffer2)
1504 (let ((more-recent nil)
1505 (list (buffer-list)))
1506 (while (and list
1507 (not (setq more-recent (equal buffer1 (car list))))
1508 (not (equal buffer2 (car list))))
1509 (setq list (cdr list)))
1510 more-recent)))
1512 ;; Same thing as `dired-buffers-for-dir' of dired.el? - lrd 11/23/93
1513 ;; (defun dired-buffers-for-dir-exact (dir)
1514 ;; ;; Return a list of buffers that dired DIR (a directory or wildcard)
1515 ;; ;; at top level, or as subdirectory.
1516 ;; ;; Top level matches must match the wildcard part too, if any.
1517 ;; ;; The list is in reverse order of buffer creation, most recent last.
1518 ;; ;; As a side effect, killed dired buffers for DIR are removed from
1519 ;; ;; dired-buffers.
1520 ;; (let ((alist dired-buffers) result elt)
1521 ;; (while alist
1522 ;; (setq elt (car alist)
1523 ;; alist (cdr alist))
1524 ;; (let ((buf (cdr elt)))
1525 ;; (if (buffer-name buf)
1526 ;; ;; Top level must match exactly against dired-directory in
1527 ;; ;; case one of them is a wildcard.
1528 ;; (if (or (equal dir (with-current-buffer buf dired-directory))
1529 ;; (assoc dir (with-current-buffer buf dired-subdir-alist)))
1530 ;; (setq result (cons buf result)))
1531 ;; ;; else buffer is killed - clean up:
1532 ;; (setq dired-buffers (delq elt dired-buffers)))))
1533 ;; result))
1535 ;; REDEFINE.
1536 ;; Redefines dired.el's version of `dired-initial-position'
1537 (defun dired-initial-position (dirname)
1538 "Where point should go in a new listing of DIRNAME.
1539 Point assumed at beginning of new subdir line.
1540 You may redefine this function as you wish, e.g. like in `dired-x.el'."
1541 (end-of-line)
1542 (if dired-find-subdir (dired-goto-subdir dirname)) ; new
1543 (if dired-trivial-filenames (dired-goto-next-nontrivial-file)))
1546 ;; Does anyone use this? - lrd 6/29/93.
1547 ;; Apparently people do use it. - lrd 12/22/97.
1548 (defun dired-mark-sexp (predicate &optional unflag-p)
1549 "Mark files for which PREDICATE returns non-nil.
1550 With a prefix arg, unflag those files instead.
1552 PREDICATE is a lisp expression that can refer to the following symbols:
1554 inode [integer] the inode of the file (only for ls -i output)
1555 s [integer] the size of the file for ls -s output
1556 (usually in blocks or, with -k, in KByte)
1557 mode [string] file permission bits, e.g. \"-rw-r--r--\"
1558 nlink [integer] number of links to file
1559 uid [string] owner
1560 gid [string] group (If the gid is not displayed by ls,
1561 this will still be set (to the same as uid))
1562 size [integer] file size in bytes
1563 time [string] the time that ls displays, e.g. \"Feb 12 14:17\"
1564 name [string] the name of the file
1565 sym [string] if file is a symbolic link, the linked-to name, else \"\"
1567 For example, use
1569 (equal 0 size)
1571 to mark all zero length files."
1572 ;; Using sym="" instead of nil avoids the trap of
1573 ;; (string-match "foo" sym) into which a user would soon fall.
1574 ;; Give `equal' instead of `=' in the example, as this works on
1575 ;; integers and strings.
1576 (interactive "xMark if (lisp expr): \nP")
1577 (message "%s" predicate)
1578 (let ((dired-marker-char (if unflag-p ?\040 dired-marker-char))
1579 inode s mode nlink uid gid size time name sym)
1580 (dired-mark-if
1581 (save-excursion
1582 (and
1583 ;; Sets vars
1584 ;; inode s mode nlink uid gid size time name sym
1586 ;; according to current file line. Returns t for success, nil if
1587 ;; there is no file line. Upon success, all variables are set, either
1588 ;; to nil or the appropriate value, so they need not be initialized.
1589 ;; Moves point within the current line.
1590 (if (dired-move-to-filename)
1591 (let (pos
1592 (mode-len 10) ; length of mode string
1593 ;; like in dired.el, but with subexpressions \1=inode, \2=s:
1594 (dired-re-inode-size "\\s *\\([0-9]*\\)\\s *\\([0-9]*\\) ?"))
1595 (beginning-of-line)
1596 (forward-char 2)
1597 (if (looking-at dired-re-inode-size)
1598 (progn
1599 (goto-char (match-end 0))
1600 (setq inode (string-to-number (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
1601 (match-end 1)))
1602 s (string-to-number (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2)
1603 (match-end 2)))))
1604 (setq inode nil
1605 s nil))
1606 (setq mode (buffer-substring (point) (+ mode-len (point))))
1607 (forward-char mode-len)
1608 (setq nlink (read (current-buffer)))
1609 ;; Karsten Wenger <kw@cis.uni-muenchen.de> fixed uid.
1610 (setq uid (buffer-substring (+ (point) 1)
1611 (progn (forward-word 1) (point))))
1612 (re-search-forward directory-listing-before-filename-regexp)
1613 (goto-char (match-beginning 1))
1614 (forward-char -1)
1615 (setq size (string-to-number (buffer-substring (save-excursion
1616 (backward-word 1)
1617 (setq pos (point)))
1618 (point))))
1619 (goto-char pos)
1620 (backward-word 1)
1621 ;; if no gid is displayed, gid will be set to uid
1622 ;; but user will then not reference it anyway in PREDICATE.
1623 (setq gid (buffer-substring (save-excursion
1624 (forward-word 1) (point))
1625 (point))
1626 time (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1)
1627 (1- (dired-move-to-filename)))
1628 name (buffer-substring (point)
1630 (dired-move-to-end-of-filename t)
1631 (point)))
1632 sym (progn
1633 (if (looking-at " -> ")
1634 (buffer-substring
1635 (progn (forward-char 4) (point))
1636 (progn (end-of-line) (point)))
1637 "")))
1639 nil)
1640 (eval predicate)))
1641 (format "'%s file" predicate))))
1644 ;;; FIND FILE AT POINT.
1646 (defvar dired-x-hands-off-my-keys t
1647 "*Non-nil means don't bind `dired-x-find-file' over `find-file' on keyboard.
1648 Similarly for `dired-x-find-file-other-window' over `find-file-other-window'.
1649 If you change this variable after `dired-x.el' is loaded then do
1650 \\[dired-x-bind-find-file].")
1652 ;; Bind `dired-x-find-file{-other-window}' over wherever
1653 ;; `find-file{-other-window}' is bound?
1654 (defun dired-x-bind-find-file ()
1655 "Bind `dired-x-find-file' in place of `find-file' \(or reverse\).
1656 Similarly for `dired-x-find-file-other-window' and `find-file-other-window'.
1657 Binding direction based on `dired-x-hands-off-my-keys'.
1658 This function is part of `after-init-hook'."
1659 (interactive)
1660 (if (called-interactively-p 'interactive)
1661 (setq dired-x-hands-off-my-keys
1662 (not (y-or-n-p "Bind dired-x-find-file over find-file? "))))
1663 (cond ((not dired-x-hands-off-my-keys)
1664 (substitute-key-definition 'find-file
1665 'dired-x-find-file
1666 (current-global-map))
1667 (substitute-key-definition 'find-file-other-window
1668 'dired-x-find-file-other-window
1669 (current-global-map)))
1671 (substitute-key-definition 'dired-x-find-file
1672 'find-file
1673 (current-global-map))
1674 (substitute-key-definition 'dired-x-find-file-other-window
1675 'find-file-other-window
1676 (current-global-map))))
1677 ;; Clear mini-buffer.
1678 (message nil))
1680 ;; Now call it so binding is correct and put on `after-init-hook' in case
1681 ;; user changes binding.
1682 (dired-x-bind-find-file)
1683 (add-hook 'after-init-hook 'dired-x-bind-find-file)
1685 (defun dired-x-find-file (filename)
1686 "Edit file FILENAME.
1687 May create a new window, or reuse an existing one.
1688 See the function `display-buffer'.
1690 Identical to `find-file' except when called interactively, with a prefix arg
1691 \(e.g., \\[universal-argument]\), in which case it guesses filename near point.
1692 Useful for editing file mentioned in buffer you are viewing,
1693 or to test if that file exists. Use minibuffer after snatching filename."
1694 (interactive (list (read-filename-at-point "Find file: ")))
1695 (find-file (expand-file-name filename)))
1697 (defun dired-x-find-file-other-window (filename)
1698 "Edit file FILENAME, in another window.
1699 May create a new window, or reuse an existing one.
1700 See the function `display-buffer'.
1702 Identical to `find-file-other-window' except when called interactively, with
1703 a prefix arg \(e.g., \\[universal-argument]\), in which case it guesses filename near point.
1704 Useful for editing file mentioned in buffer you are viewing,
1705 or to test if that file exists. Use minibuffer after snatching filename."
1706 (interactive (list (read-filename-at-point "Find file: ")))
1707 (find-file-other-window (expand-file-name filename)))
1709 ;;; Internal functions.
1711 ;; Fixme: This should probably use `thing-at-point'. -- fx
1712 (defun dired-filename-at-point ()
1713 "Get the filename closest to point, but do not change position.
1714 Has a preference for looking backward when not directly on a symbol.
1715 Not perfect - point must be in middle of or end of filename."
1717 (let ((filename-chars "-.[:alnum:]_/:$+@")
1718 start end filename prefix)
1720 (save-excursion
1721 ;; First see if just past a filename.
1722 (if (not (eobp))
1723 (if (looking-at "[] \t\n[{}()]") ; whitespace or some parens
1724 (progn
1725 (skip-chars-backward " \n\t\r({[]})")
1726 (if (not (bobp))
1727 (backward-char 1)))))
1729 (if (string-match (concat "[" filename-chars "]")
1730 (char-to-string (following-char)))
1731 (progn
1732 (if (re-search-backward (concat "[^" filename-chars "]") nil t)
1733 (forward-char)
1734 (goto-char (point-min)))
1735 (setq start (point))
1736 (setq prefix
1737 (and (string-match
1738 "^\\w+@"
1739 (buffer-substring start (line-beginning-position)))
1740 "/"))
1741 (goto-char start)
1742 (if (string-match "[/~]" (char-to-string (preceding-char)))
1743 (setq start (1- start)))
1744 (re-search-forward (concat "\\=[" filename-chars "]*") nil t))
1746 (error "No file found around point!"))
1748 ;; Return string.
1749 (expand-file-name (concat prefix (buffer-substring start (point)))))))
1751 (defun read-filename-at-point (prompt)
1752 "Return filename prompting with PROMPT with completion.
1753 If `current-prefix-arg' is non-nil, uses name at point as guess."
1754 (if current-prefix-arg
1755 (let ((guess (dired-filename-at-point)))
1756 (read-file-name prompt
1757 (file-name-directory guess)
1758 guess
1759 nil (file-name-nondirectory guess)))
1760 (read-file-name prompt default-directory)))
1762 ;;; BUG REPORTS
1764 ;; Fixme: get rid of this later.
1766 ;; This section is provided for reports. It uses Barry A. Warsaw's
1767 ;; reporter.el which is bundled with GNU Emacs v19.
1769 (defconst dired-x-help-address "bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org"
1770 "Address(es) accepting submission of reports on dired-x.el.")
1772 (defconst dired-x-variable-list
1773 (list
1774 'dired-bind-vm
1775 'dired-vm-read-only-folders
1776 'dired-bind-jump
1777 'dired-bind-info
1778 'dired-bind-man
1779 'dired-find-subdir
1780 'dired-enable-local-variables
1781 'dired-local-variables-file
1782 'dired-guess-shell-gnutar
1783 'dired-guess-shell-gzip-quiet
1784 'dired-guess-shell-znew-switches
1785 'dired-guess-shell-alist-user
1786 'dired-clean-up-buffers-too
1787 'dired-omit-mode
1788 'dired-omit-files
1789 'dired-omit-extensions
1791 "List of variables to be appended to reports sent by `dired-x-submit-report'.")
1793 (defun dired-x-submit-report ()
1794 "Submit via `reporter.el' a bug report on program.
1795 Send report on `dired-x-file' version `dired-x-version', to
1796 `dired-x-maintainer' at address `dired-x-help-address' listing
1797 variables `dired-x-variable-list' in the message."
1798 (interactive)
1800 (reporter-submit-bug-report
1801 dired-x-help-address ; address
1802 "dired-x" ; pkgname
1803 dired-x-variable-list ; varlist
1804 nil nil ; pre-/post-hooks
1805 ""))
1808 ;; As Barry Warsaw would say: "This might be useful..."
1809 (provide 'dired-x)
1811 ;; Local Variables:
1812 ;; byte-compile-dynamic: t
1813 ;; generated-autoload-file: "dired.el"
1814 ;; End:
1816 ;; arch-tag: 71a43ba2-7a00-4793-a028-0613dd7765ae
1817 ;;; dired-x.el ends here