1 Copyright (C) 2006-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 See end for license conditions.
7 Emacs is a collaborative project and we encourage contributions from
8 anyone and everyone. If you want to contribute in the way that will
9 help us most, we recommend (1) fixing reported bugs and (2)
10 implementing the feature ideas in etc/TODO. However, if you think of
11 new features to add, please suggest them too -- we might like your
12 idea. Porting to new platforms is also useful, when there is a new
13 platform, but that is not common nowadays.
15 For documentation on how to develop Emacs changes, refer to the Emacs
16 Manual and the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual (both included in the Emacs
17 distribution). The web pages in http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs
18 contain additional information.
20 You may also want to submit your change so that can be considered for
21 inclusion in a future version of Emacs (see below).
23 If you don't feel up to hacking Emacs, there are many other ways to
24 help. You can answer questions on the mailing lists, write
25 documentation, find and report bugs, contribute to the Emacs web
26 pages, or develop a package that works with Emacs.
28 Here are some style and legal conventions for contributors to Emacs:
33 Contributed code should follow the GNU Coding Standards.
35 If it doesn't, we'll need to find someone to fix the code before we
38 Emacs has certain additional style and coding conventions.
40 Ref: http://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/
41 Ref: GNU Coding Standards Info Manual
42 Ref: The "Tips" Appendix in the Emacs Lisp Reference.
45 * Copyright Assignment
47 We can accept small changes (roughly, fewer than 15 lines) without
48 legal papers. Anything more substantial requires a copyright
49 disclaimer or assignment (the latter is preferred, especially for
50 larger changes). Both of these involved filling out a short form and
51 filing it with the FSF. The process is straightforward -- contact us
52 at emacs-devel@gnu.org to obtain the relevant forms.
55 * Getting the Source Code
57 The latest version of Emacs can be downloaded using Bazaar from the
58 Savannah web site. It is important to write your patch based on the
59 latest version. If you start from an older version, your patch may be
60 outdated (so that maintainers will have a hard time applying it), or
61 changes in Emacs may have made your patch unnecessary.
63 After you have downloaded the Bazaar source, you should read the file
64 INSTALL.BZR for build instructions (they differ to some extent from a
67 Ref: http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/emacs
72 Every patch must have several pieces of information before we
73 can properly evaluate it.
75 When you have all these pieces, bundle them up in a mail message and
76 send it to the developers. Sending it to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org
77 (which is the bug/feature list) is recommended, because that list
78 is coupled to a tracking system that makes it easier to locate patches.
79 If your patch is not complete and you think it needs more discussion,
80 you might want to send it to emacs-devel@gnu.org instead. If you
81 revise your patch, send it as a followup to the initial topic.
85 For bug fixes, a description of the bug and how your patch fixes this
88 For new features, a description of the feature and your implementation.
92 A ChangeLog entry as plaintext (separate from the patch).
94 See the various ChangeLog files for format and content. Note that,
95 unlike some other projects, we do require ChangeLogs also for
96 documentation, i.e. Texinfo files.
98 Ref: "Change Log Concepts" node of the GNU Coding Standards Info
99 Manual, for how to write good log entries.
103 Please use "Context Diff" format.
105 If you are accessing the Bazaar repository, make sure your copy is
106 up-to-date (e.g. with `bzr pull'), then use
107 bzr diff --no-aliases --diff-options=-cp
111 If your version of diff does not support these options, then get the
112 latest version of GNU Diff.
116 We prefer to get the patches as inline plain text.
118 Please be aware of line wrapping which will make the patch unreadable
119 and useless for us. To avoid that, you can use MIME attachments or,
120 as a last resort, uuencoded gzipped text.
122 ** Please reread your patch before submitting it.
124 ** Do not mix changes.
126 If you send several unrelated changes together, we will ask you to
127 separate them so we can consider each of the changes by itself.
129 ** Do not make formatting changes.
131 Making cosmetic formatting changes (indentation, etc) makes it harder
132 to see what you have really changed.
135 * Coding style and conventions.
137 ** Mandatory reading:
139 The "Tips and Conventions" Appendix of the Emacs Lisp Reference.
141 ** Avoid using `defadvice' or `eval-after-load' for Lisp code to be
144 ** Remove all trailing whitespace in all source and text files.
146 ** Use ?\s instead of ? in Lisp code for a space character.
149 * Supplemental information for Emacs Developers.
151 ** Write access to the Emacs repository.
153 Once you become a frequent contributor to Emacs, we can consider
154 giving you write access to the Bazaar repository.
157 ** Emacs Mailing lists.
159 Discussion about Emacs development takes place on emacs-devel@gnu.org.
161 Bug reports and fixes, feature requests and implementations should be
162 sent to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org, the bug/feature list. This is coupled
163 to the tracker at http://debbugs.gnu.org .
165 You can subscribe to the mailing lists, or see the list archives,
166 by following links from http://savannah.gnu.org/mail/?group=emacs .
168 ** Document your changes.
170 Think carefully about whether your change requires updating the
171 documentation. If it does, you can either do this yourself or add an
172 item to the NEWS file.
174 If you document your change in NEWS, please mark the NEWS entry with
175 the documentation status of the change: if you submit the changes for
176 the manuals, mark it with "+++"; if it doesn't need to be documented,
177 mark it with "---"; if it needs to be documented, but you didn't
178 submit documentation changes, leave the NEWS entry unmarked. (These
179 marks are checked by the Emacs maintainers to make sure every change
180 was reflected in the manuals.)
183 ** Understanding Emacs Internals.
185 The best way to understand Emacs Internals is to read the code,
186 but the nodes "Tips" and "GNU Emacs Internals" in the Appendix
187 of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual may also help.
189 The file etc/DEBUG describes how to debug Emacs bugs.
193 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
195 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
196 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
197 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
198 (at your option) any later version.
200 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
201 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
202 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
203 GNU General Public License for more details.
205 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
206 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
210 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"