* doc/misc/tramp.texi (Configuration): Fix @xref typo.

[emacs.git] / lisp / emulation / viper-ex.el

;;; viper-ex.el --- functions implementing the Ex commands for Viper

;; Copyright (C) 1994-1998, 2000-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Michael Kifer <kifer@cs.stonybrook.edu>
;; Package: viper

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;;; Code:

(provide 'viper-ex)

;; Compiler pacifier
(defvar read-file-name-map)
(defvar viper-use-register)
(defvar viper-s-string)
(defvar viper-shift-width)
(defvar viper-ex-history)
(defvar viper-related-files-and-buffers-ring)
(defvar viper-local-search-start-marker)
(defvar viper-expert-level)
(defvar viper-custom-file-name)
(defvar viper-case-fold-search)
(defvar explicit-shell-file-name)
(defvar compile-command)
(require 'viper-keym)
;; end pacifier

(require 'viper-util)

(defgroup viper-ex nil
  "Viper support for Ex commands."
  :prefix "ex-"
  :group 'viper)



;;; Variables

(defconst viper-ex-work-buf-name " *ex-working-space*")
(defvar viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
(defconst viper-ex-tmp-buf-name " *ex-tmp*")
(defconst viper-ex-print-buf-name " *ex-print*")
(defvar viper-ex-print-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-print-buf-name))


;;; ex-commands...

(defun ex-cmd-obsolete (name)
  (error "`%s': Obsolete command, not supported by Viper" name))

(defun ex-cmd-not-yet (name)
  (error "`%s': Command not implemented in Viper" name))

;; alist entries: name (in any order), command, cont(??)
;; If command is a string, then that is an alias to the real command
;; to execute (for instance, ":m" -> ":move").
;; command attributes:
;;   is-mashed: the command's args may be jammed right up against the command
;;   one-letter: this is a one-letter token.  Any text appearing after
;;                   the name gets appended as an argument for the command
;;               i.e. ":kabc" gets turned into (ex-mark "abc")
(defconst ex-token-alist '(
        ("!"                    (ex-command))
        ("&"                    (ex-substitute t))
        ("="                    (ex-line-no))
        (">"                    (ex-line "right"))
        ("<"                    (ex-line "left"))
        ("Buffer"               (if ex-cycle-other-window
                                    (viper-switch-to-buffer)
                                  (viper-switch-to-buffer-other-window)))
        ("Next"                 (ex-next (not ex-cycle-other-window)))
        ("PreviousRelatedFile"  (ex-next-related-buffer -1))
        ("RelatedFile"          (ex-next-related-buffer 1))
        ("W"                    "Write")
        ("WWrite"               (save-some-buffers t))
        ("Write"                (save-some-buffers))
        ("a"                    "append")
        ("args"                 (ex-args))
        ("buffer"               (if ex-cycle-other-window
                                    (viper-switch-to-buffer-other-window)
                                  (viper-switch-to-buffer)))
        ("c"                    "change")
        ;; ch should be "change" but maintain old viper compatibility
        ("ch"                   "chdir")
        ("cd"                   (ex-cd))
        ("chdir"                (ex-cd))
        ("copy"                 (ex-copy nil))
        ("customize"            (customize-group "viper"))
        ("delete"               (ex-delete))
        ("edit"                 (ex-edit))
        ("file"                 (ex-set-visited-file-name))
        ("g"                    "global")
        ("global"               (ex-global nil) is-mashed)
        ("goto"                 (ex-goto))
        ("help"                 (ex-help))
        ("join"                 (ex-line "join"))
        ("k"                    (ex-mark) one-letter)
        ("kmark"                (ex-mark))
        ("m"                    "move")
        ("make"                 (ex-compile))
        ; old viper doesn't specify a default for "ma" so leave it undefined
        ("map"                  (ex-map))
        ("mark"                 (ex-mark))
        ("move"                 (ex-copy t))
        ("next"                 (ex-next ex-cycle-other-window))
        ("p"                    "print")
        ("preserve"             (ex-preserve))
        ("print"                (ex-print))
        ("put"                  (ex-put))
        ("pwd"                  (ex-pwd))
        ("quit"                 (ex-quit))
        ("r"                    "read")
        ("re"                   "read")
        ("read"                 (ex-read))
        ("recover"              (ex-recover))
        ("rewind"               (ex-rewind))
        ("s"                    "substitute")
        ("su"                   "substitute")
        ("sub"                  "substitute")
        ("set"                  (ex-set))
        ("shell"                (ex-shell))
        ("source"               (ex-source))
        ("stop"                 (suspend-emacs))
        ("sr"                   (ex-substitute t t))
        ("submitReport"         (viper-submit-report))
        ("substitute"           (ex-substitute) is-mashed)
        ("suspend"              (suspend-emacs))
        ("t"                    "transfer")
        ("tag"                  (ex-tag))
        ("transfer"             (ex-copy nil))
        ("u"                    "undo")
        ("un"                   "undo")
        ("undo"                 (viper-undo))
        ("unmap"                (ex-unmap))
        ("v"                    "vglobal")
        ("version"              (viper-version))
        ("vglobal"              (ex-global t) is-mashed)
        ("visual"               (ex-edit))
        ("w"                    "write")
        ("wq"                   (ex-write t))
        ("write"                (ex-write nil))
        ("xit"                  (ex-write t))
        ("yank"                 (ex-yank))
        ("~"                    (ex-substitute t t))

        ("append"               (ex-cmd-obsolete "append"))
        ("change"               (ex-cmd-obsolete "change"))
        ("insert"               (ex-cmd-obsolete "insert"))
        ("open"                 (ex-cmd-obsolete "open"))

        ("list"                 (ex-cmd-not-yet "list"))
        ("z"                    (ex-cmd-not-yet "z"))
        ("#"                    (ex-cmd-not-yet "#"))

        ("abbreviate"           (error "`%s': Vi abbreviations are obsolete.  Use the more powerful Emacs abbrevs" ex-token))
        ("unabbreviate"         (error "`%s': Vi abbreviations are obsolete.  Use the more powerful Emacs abbrevs" ex-token))
        ))

;; No code should touch anything in the alist entry!  (other than the name,
;; "car entry", of course)   This way, changing this data structure
;; requires changing only the following ex-cmd functions...

;; Returns cmd if the command may be jammed right up against its
;; arguments, nil if there must be a space.
;; examples of mashable commands: g// g!// v// s// sno// sm//
(defun ex-cmd-is-mashed-with-args (cmd)
  (if (eq 'is-mashed (car (nthcdr 2 cmd))) cmd))

;; Returns true if this is a one-letter command that may be followed
;; by anything, no whitespace needed.  This is a special-case for ":k".
(defun ex-cmd-is-one-letter (cmd)
  (if (eq 'one-letter (car (nthcdr 2 cmd))) cmd))

;; Executes the function associated with the command
(defun ex-cmd-execute (cmd)
  (eval (cadr cmd)))

;; If this is a one-letter magic command, splice in args.
(defun ex-splice-args-in-1-letr-cmd (key list)
  (let ((oneletter (ex-cmd-is-one-letter (assoc (substring key 0 1) list))))
    (if oneletter
        (list key
              (append (cadr oneletter)
                      (if (< 1 (length key)) (list (substring key 1))))
              (car (cdr (cdr oneletter))) ))
        ))


;; Returns the alist entry for the appropriate key.
;; Tries to complete the key before using it in the alist.
;; If there is no appropriate key (no match or duplicate matches) return nil
(defun ex-cmd-assoc (key list)
  (let ((entry (try-completion key list))
        result)
    (setq result (cond
                  ((eq entry t)     (assoc key list))
                  ((stringp entry)  (or (ex-splice-args-in-1-letr-cmd key list)
                                        (assoc entry list)))
                  ((eq entry nil)   (ex-splice-args-in-1-letr-cmd key list))
                  (t nil)
                  ))
    ;; If we end up with an alias, look up the alias...
    (if (stringp (cadr result))
        (setq result (ex-cmd-assoc (cadr result) list)))
    ;; and return the corresponding alist entry
    result
    ))


;; A-list of Ex variables that can be set using the :set command.
(defconst ex-variable-alist
  '(("wrapscan") ("ws") ("wrapmargin") ("wm")
    ("tabstop-global") ("ts-g") ("tabstop") ("ts")
    ("showmatch") ("sm") ("shiftwidth") ("sw") ("shell") ("sh")
    ("readonly") ("ro")
    ("nowrapscan") ("nows") ("noshowmatch") ("nosm")
    ("noreadonly") ("noro") ("nomagic") ("noma")
    ("noignorecase") ("noic")
    ("noautoindent-global") ("noai-g") ("noautoindent") ("noai")
    ("magic") ("ma") ("ignorecase") ("ic")
    ("autoindent-global") ("ai-g") ("autoindent") ("ai")
    ("all")
    ))



;; Token recognized during parsing of Ex commands (e.g., "read", "comma")
(defvar ex-token nil)

;; Type of token.
;; If non-nil, gives type of address; if nil, it is a command.
(defvar ex-token-type nil)

;; List of addresses passed to Ex command
(defvar ex-addresses nil)

;; This flag is supposed to be set only by `#', `print', and `list',
;; none of which is implemented.  So, it and the pieces of the code it
;; controls are dead weight.  We keep it just in case this might be
;; needed in the future.
(defvar ex-flag nil)

;; "buffer" where Ex commands keep deleted data.
;; In Emacs terms, this is a register.
(defvar ex-buffer nil)

;; Value of ex count.
(defvar ex-count nil)

;; Flag indicating that :global Ex command is being executed.
(defvar ex-g-flag nil)
;; Flag indicating that :vglobal Ex command is being executed.
(defvar ex-g-variant nil)
;; Marks to operate on during a :global Ex command.
(defvar ex-g-marks nil)

;; Save reg-exp used in substitute.
(defvar ex-reg-exp nil)


;; Replace pattern for substitute.
(defvar ex-repl nil)

;; Pattern for global command.
(defvar ex-g-pat nil)

(defcustom ex-unix-type-shell
  (let ((case-fold-search t))
    (and (stringp shell-file-name)
         (string-match
          (concat
           "\\("
           "csh$\\|csh.exe$"
           "\\|"
           "ksh$\\|ksh.exe$"
           "\\|"
           "^sh$\\|sh.exe$"
           "\\|"
           "[^a-z]sh$\\|[^a-z]sh.exe$"
           "\\|"
           "bash$\\|bash.exe$"
           "\\)")
          shell-file-name)))
  "Is the user using a unix-type shell under a non-OS?"
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'viper-ex)

(defcustom ex-unix-type-shell-options
  (let ((case-fold-search t))
    (if ex-unix-type-shell
        (cond ((string-match "\\(csh$\\|csh.exe$\\)" shell-file-name)
               "-f") ; csh: do it fast
              ((string-match "\\(bash$\\|bash.exe$\\)" shell-file-name)
               "-noprofile") ; bash: ignore .profile
              )))
  "Options to pass to the Unix-style shell.
Don't put `-c' here, as it is added automatically."
  :type '(choice (const nil) string)
  :group 'viper-ex)

(defcustom ex-compile-command "make"
  "The command to run when the user types :make."
  :type 'string
  :group 'viper-ex)

(defcustom viper-glob-function
  (cond (ex-unix-type-shell 'viper-glob-unix-files)
        (viper-ms-style-os-p 'viper-glob-mswindows-files) ; Microsoft OS
        (t  'viper-glob-unix-files) ; presumably UNIX
        )
  "Expand the file spec containing wildcard symbols.
The default tries to set this variable to work with Unix, Windows,
and OS/2.

However, if it doesn't work right for some types of Unix shells or some OS,
the user should supply the appropriate function and set this variable to the
corresponding function symbol."
  :type 'symbol
  :group 'viper-ex)


;; Remembers the previous Ex tag.
(defvar ex-tag nil)

;; file used by Ex commands like :r, :w, :n
(defvar ex-file nil)

;; If t, tells Ex that this is a variant-command, i.e., w>>, r!, etc.
(defvar ex-variant nil)

;; Specified the offset of an Ex command, such as :read.
(defvar ex-offset nil)

;; Tells Ex that this is a w>> command.
(defvar ex-append nil)

;; File containing the shell command to be executed at Ex prompt,
;; e.g., :r !date
(defvar ex-cmdfile nil)
(defvar ex-cmdfile-args "")

;; flag used in viper-ex-read-file-name to indicate that we may be reading
;; multiple file names.  Used for :edit and :next
(defvar viper-keep-reading-filename nil)

(defcustom ex-cycle-other-window t
  "If t, :n and :b cycles through files and buffers in other window.
Then :N and :B cycles in the current window.  If nil, this behavior is
reversed."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'viper-ex)

(defcustom ex-cycle-through-non-files nil
  "Cycle through *scratch* and other buffers that don't visit any file."
  :type 'boolean
  :group 'viper-ex)

;; Last shell command executed with :! command.
(defvar viper-ex-last-shell-com nil)

;; Indicates if Minibuffer was exited temporarily in Ex-command.
(defvar viper-incomplete-ex-cmd nil)

;; Remembers the last ex-command prompt.
(defvar viper-last-ex-prompt "")


;; Get a complete ex command
(defun viper-get-ex-com-subr ()
  (let (cmd case-fold-search)
    (set-mark (point))
    (re-search-forward "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z]*")
    (setq ex-token-type 'command)
    (setq ex-token (buffer-substring (point) (mark t)))
    (setq cmd (ex-cmd-assoc ex-token ex-token-alist))
    (if cmd
        (setq ex-token (car cmd))
      (setq ex-token-type 'non-command))
    ))

;; Get an ex-token which is either an address or a command.
;; A token has a type, (command, address, end-mark), and a value
(defun viper-get-ex-token ()
  (save-window-excursion
    (setq viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
    (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
    (skip-chars-forward " \t|")
    (let ((case-fold-search t))
      (cond ((looking-at "#")
             (setq ex-token-type 'command)
             (setq ex-token (char-to-string (following-char)))
             (forward-char 1))
            ((looking-at "[a-z]") (viper-get-ex-com-subr))
            ((looking-at "\\.")
             (forward-char 1)
             (setq ex-token-type 'dot))
            ((looking-at "[0-9]")
             (set-mark (point))
             (re-search-forward "[0-9]*")
             (setq ex-token-type
                   (cond ((eq ex-token-type 'plus) 'add-number)
                         ((eq ex-token-type 'minus) 'sub-number)
                         (t 'abs-number)))
             (setq ex-token
                   (string-to-number (buffer-substring (point) (mark t)))))
            ((looking-at "\\$")
             (forward-char 1)
             (setq ex-token-type 'end))
            ((looking-at "%")
             (forward-char 1)
             (setq ex-token-type 'whole))
            ((looking-at "+")
             (cond ((or (looking-at "+[-+]") (looking-at "+[\n|]"))
                    (forward-char 1)
                    (insert "1")
                    (backward-char 1)
                  (setq ex-token-type 'plus))
                   ((looking-at "+[0-9]")
                    (forward-char 1)
                    (setq ex-token-type 'plus))
                   (t
                    (error viper-BadAddress))))
            ((looking-at "-")
             (cond ((or (looking-at "-[-+]") (looking-at "-[\n|]"))
                    (forward-char 1)
                    (insert "1")
                    (backward-char 1)
                    (setq ex-token-type 'minus))
                   ((looking-at "-[0-9]")
                    (forward-char 1)
                    (setq ex-token-type 'minus))
                   (t
                    (error viper-BadAddress))))
            ((looking-at "/")
             (forward-char 1)
             (set-mark (point))
             (let ((cont t))
               (while (and (not (eolp)) cont)
                 ;;(re-search-forward "[^/]*/")
                 (re-search-forward "[^/]*\\(/\\|\n\\)")
                 (if (not (looking-back "[^\\\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\\\/"
                                        (line-beginning-position 0)))
                     (setq cont nil))))
             (backward-char 1)
             (setq ex-token (buffer-substring (point) (mark t)))
             (if (looking-at "/") (forward-char 1))
             (setq ex-token-type 'search-forward))
            ((looking-at "\\?")
             (forward-char 1)
             (set-mark (point))
             (let ((cont t))
               (while (and (not (eolp)) cont)
                 ;;(re-search-forward "[^\\?]*\\?")
                 (re-search-forward "[^\\?]*\\(\\?\\|\n\\)")
                 (if (not (looking-back "[^\\\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\\\\\?"
                                        (line-beginning-position 0)))
                     (setq cont nil))
                 (backward-char 1)
                 (if (not (looking-at "\n")) (forward-char 1))))
             (setq ex-token-type 'search-backward)
             (setq ex-token (buffer-substring (1- (point)) (mark t))))
            ((looking-at ",")
             (forward-char 1)
             (setq ex-token-type 'comma))
            ((looking-at ";")
             (forward-char 1)
             (setq ex-token-type 'semi-colon))
            ((looking-at "[!=><&~]")
             (setq ex-token-type 'command)
             (setq ex-token (char-to-string (following-char)))
             (forward-char 1))
            ((looking-at "'")
             (setq ex-token-type 'goto-mark)
             (forward-char 1)
             (cond ((looking-at "'") (setq ex-token nil))
                   ((looking-at "[a-z]") (setq ex-token (following-char)))
                   (t (error "%s" "Marks are ' and a-z")))
             (forward-char 1))
            ((looking-at "\n")
             (setq ex-token-type 'end-mark)
             (setq ex-token "goto"))
            (t
             (error viper-BadExCommand))))))

;; Reads Ex command.  Tries to determine if it has to exit because command
;; is complete or invalid.  If not, keeps reading command.
(defun ex-cmd-read-exit ()
  (interactive)
  (setq viper-incomplete-ex-cmd t)
  (let ((quit-regex1 (concat
                      "\\(" "set[ \t]*"
                      "\\|" "edit[ \t]*"
                      "\\|" "[nN]ext[ \t]*"
                      "\\|" "unm[ \t]*"
                      "\\|" "^[ \t]*rep"
                      "\\)"))
        (quit-regex2 (concat
                      "[a-zA-Z][ \t]*"
                      "\\(" "!" "\\|" ">>"
                      "\\|" "\\+[0-9]+"
                      "\\)"
                      "*[ \t]*$"))
        (stay-regex (concat
                     "\\(" "^[ \t]*$"
                     "\\|" "[?/].*"
                     "\\|" "[ktgjmsz][ \t]*$"
                     "\\|" "^[ \t]*ab.*"
                     "\\|" "tr[ansfer \t]*"
                     "\\|" "sr[ \t]*"
                     "\\|" "mo.*"
                     "\\|" "^[ \t]*k?ma[^p]*"
                     "\\|" "^[ \t]*fi.*"
                     "\\|" "v?gl.*"
                     "\\|" "[vg][ \t]*$"
                     "\\|" "jo.*"
                     "\\|" "^[ \t]*ta.*"
                     "\\|" "^[ \t]*una.*"
                     ;; don't jump up in :s command
                     "\\|" "^[ \t]*\\([`'][a-z]\\|[.,%]\\)*[ \t]*su.*"
                     "\\|" "^[ \t]*\\([`'][a-z]\\|[.,%]\\)*[ \t]*s[^a-z].*"
                     "\\|" "['`][a-z][ \t]*"
                     ;; r! assumes that the next one is a shell command
                     "\\|" "\\(r\\|re\\|rea\\|read\\)[ \t]*!"
                     ;; w ! assumes that the next one is a shell command
                     "\\|" "\\(w\\|wr\\|wri\\|writ.?\\)[ \t]+!"
                     "\\|" "![ \t]*[a-zA-Z].*"
                     "\\)"
                     "!*")))

    (save-window-excursion ;; put cursor at the end of the Ex working buffer
      (setq viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
      (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
      (goto-char (point-max)))
    (cond ((looking-back quit-regex1) (exit-minibuffer))
          ((looking-back stay-regex)  (insert " "))
          ((looking-back quit-regex2) (exit-minibuffer))
          (t (insert " ")))))

(declare-function viper-tmp-insert-at-eob "viper-cmd" (msg))

;; complete Ex command
(defun ex-cmd-complete ()
  (interactive)
  (let (save-pos dist compl-list string-to-complete completion-result)

    (save-excursion
      (setq dist (skip-chars-backward "[a-zA-Z!=>&~]")
            save-pos (point)))

    (if (or (= dist 0)
            (looking-back "\\([ \t]*['`][ \t]*[a-z]*\\)"
                          (line-beginning-position))
            (looking-back
             "^[ \t]*[a-zA-Z!=>&~][ \t]*[/?]*[ \t]+[a-zA-Z!=>&~]+"
             (line-beginning-position)))
        ;; Preceding characters are not the ones allowed in an Ex command
        ;; or we have typed past command name.
        ;; Note: we didn't do parsing, so there can be surprises.
        (if (or (looking-back "[a-zA-Z!=>&~][ \t]*[/?]*[ \t]*"
                              (line-beginning-position))
                (looking-back "\\([ \t]*['`][ \t]*[a-z]*\\)"
                              (line-beginning-position))
                (looking-at "[^ \t\n\C-m]"))
            nil
          (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Completions*"
            (display-completion-list
             (viper-alist-to-list ex-token-alist))))
      ;; Preceding chars may be part of a command name
      (setq string-to-complete (buffer-substring save-pos (point)))
      (setq completion-result
            (try-completion string-to-complete ex-token-alist))

      (cond ((eq completion-result t)  ; exact match--do nothing
             (viper-tmp-insert-at-eob " (Sole completion)"))
            ((eq completion-result nil)
             (viper-tmp-insert-at-eob " (No match)"))
            (t  ;; partial completion
             (goto-char save-pos)
             (delete-region (point) (point-max))
             (insert completion-result)
             (let (case-fold-search)
               (setq compl-list
                     (viper-filter-alist (concat "^" completion-result)
                                       ex-token-alist)))
             (if (> (length compl-list) 1)
                 (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*Completions*"
                   (display-completion-list
                    (viper-alist-to-list (reverse compl-list)))))))
      )))


(declare-function viper-enlarge-region "viper-cmd" (beg end))
(declare-function viper-read-string-with-history "viper-cmd"
                  (prompt &optional viper-initial history-var
                          default keymap init-message))

;; Read Ex commands
;; ARG is a prefix argument. If given, the ex command runs on the region
;;(without the user having to specify the address :a,b
;; STRING is the command to execute. If nil, then Viper asks you to enter the
;; command.
(defun viper-ex (arg &optional string)
  (interactive "P")
  (or string
      (setq ex-g-flag nil
            ex-g-variant nil))
  (let* ((map (copy-keymap minibuffer-local-map))
         (address nil)
         (cont t)
         (dot (point))
         reg-beg-line reg-end-line
         reg-beg reg-end
         initial-str
         prev-token-type com-str)
    (viper-add-keymap viper-ex-cmd-map map)

    (if arg
        (progn
          (viper-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
          (if (> (point) (mark t))
              (setq reg-beg (mark t)
                    reg-end (point))
            (setq reg-end (mark t)
                  reg-beg (point)))
          (save-excursion
            (goto-char reg-beg)
            (setq reg-beg-line (1+ (count-lines (point-min) (point)))
                  reg-end-line
                  (+ reg-beg-line (count-lines reg-beg reg-end) -1)))))
    (if reg-beg-line
        (setq initial-str (format "%d,%d" reg-beg-line reg-end-line)))

    (setq com-str
          (if string
              (concat initial-str string)
            (viper-read-string-with-history
             ":"
             initial-str
             'viper-ex-history
             ;; no default when working on region
             (if initial-str
                 nil
               (car viper-ex-history))
             map
             (if initial-str
                 " [Type command to execute on current region]"))))
    (save-window-excursion
      ;; just a precaution
      (setq viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
      (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
      (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
      (insert com-str "\n")
      (goto-char (point-min)))
    (setq ex-token-type nil
          ex-addresses nil)
    (while cont
      (viper-get-ex-token)
      (cond ((memq ex-token-type '(command end-mark))
             (if address (setq ex-addresses (cons address ex-addresses)))
             (viper-deactivate-mark)
             (let ((cmd (ex-cmd-assoc ex-token ex-token-alist)))
               (if (null cmd)
                   (error "`%s': %s" ex-token viper-BadExCommand))
               (ex-cmd-execute cmd)
               (if (or (ex-cmd-is-mashed-with-args cmd)
                       (ex-cmd-is-one-letter cmd))
                   (setq cont nil)
                 (save-excursion
                   (save-window-excursion
                     (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                           (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
                     (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
                     (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                     (cond ((looking-at "|")
                            (forward-char 1))
                           ((looking-at "\n")
                            (setq cont nil))
                           (t (error
                               "`%s': %s" ex-token viper-SpuriousText)))
                     )))
               ))
            ((eq ex-token-type 'non-command)
             (error "`%s': %s" ex-token viper-BadExCommand))
            ((eq ex-token-type 'whole)
             (setq address nil)
             (setq ex-addresses
                   (if ex-addresses
                       (cons (point-max) ex-addresses)
                     (cons (point-max) (cons (point-min) ex-addresses)))))
            ((eq ex-token-type 'comma)
             (if (eq prev-token-type 'whole)
                 (setq address (point-min)))
             (setq ex-addresses
                   (cons (if (null address) (point) address) ex-addresses)))
            ((eq ex-token-type 'semi-colon)
             (if (eq prev-token-type 'whole)
                 (setq address (point-min)))
             (if address (setq dot address))
             (setq ex-addresses
                   (cons (if (null address) (point) address) ex-addresses)))
            (t (let ((ans (viper-get-ex-address-subr address dot)))
                 (if ans (setq address ans)))))
      (setq prev-token-type ex-token-type))))


;; Get a regular expression and set `ex-variant', if found
;; Viper doesn't parse the substitution or search patterns.
;; In particular, it doesn't expand ~ into the last substitution.
(defun viper-get-ex-pat ()
  (save-window-excursion
    (setq viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
    (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
    (if (looking-at "!")
        ;; this is probably a variant command r!
        (progn
          (setq ex-g-variant (not ex-g-variant)
                ex-g-flag (not ex-g-flag))
          (forward-char 1)
          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
    (let ((c (following-char)))
      (cond ((string-match "[0-9A-Za-z]" (format "%c" c))
             (error
              "Global regexp must be inside matching non-alphanumeric chars"))
            ((= c ??) (error "`?' is not an allowed pattern delimiter here")))
      (if (looking-at "[^\\\\\n]")
          (progn
            (forward-char 1)
            (set-mark (point))
            (let ((cont t))
              ;; the use of eobp instead of eolp permits the use of newlines in
              ;; pat2 in s/pat1/pat2/
              (while (and (not (eobp)) cont)
                (if (not (re-search-forward (format "[^%c]*%c" c c) nil t))
                    (if (member ex-token '("global" "vglobal"))
                        (error "Missing closing delimiter for global regexp")
                      (goto-char (point-max))))
                (if (not (looking-back
                          (format "[^\\\\]\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\\\%c" c)
                          (line-beginning-position 0)))
                    (setq cont nil)
                  ;; we are at an escaped delimiter: unescape it and continue
                  (delete-char -2)
                  (insert c)
                  (if (eolp)
                      ;; if at eol, exit loop and go to next line
                      ;; later, delim will be inserted at the end
                      (progn
                        (setq cont nil)
                        (forward-char))))
                ))
            (setq ex-token
                  (if (= (mark t) (point)) ""
                    (buffer-substring (1- (point)) (mark t))))
            (backward-char 1)
            ;; if the user didn't insert the final pattern delimiter, we're
            ;; at newline now.  In this case, insert the initial delimiter
            ;; specified in variable c
            (if (eolp)
                (progn
                  (insert c)
                  (backward-char 1)))
            )
        (setq ex-token nil))
      c)))

;; Get an Ex option g or c
(defun viper-get-ex-opt-gc (c)
  (save-window-excursion
    (setq viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
    (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
    (if (looking-at (format "%c" c)) (forward-char 1))
    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
    (cond ((looking-at "g")
           (setq ex-token "g")
           (forward-char 1)
           t)
          ((looking-at "c")
           (setq ex-token "c")
           (forward-char 1)
           t)
          (t nil))))

;; Compute default addresses.  WHOLE-FLAG means use the whole buffer
(defun viper-default-ex-addresses (&optional whole-flag)
  (cond ((null ex-addresses)
         (setq ex-addresses
               (if whole-flag
                   (list (point-max) (point-min))
                 (list (point) (point)))))
        ((null (cdr ex-addresses))
         (setq ex-addresses
               (cons (car ex-addresses) ex-addresses)))))

;; Get an ex-address as a marker and set ex-flag if a flag is found
(defun viper-get-ex-address ()
  (let ((address (point-marker))
        (cont t))
    (setq ex-token "")
    (setq ex-flag nil)
    (while cont
      (viper-get-ex-token)
      (cond ((eq ex-token-type 'command)
             (if (member ex-token '("print" "list" "#"))
                 (progn
                   (setq ex-flag t
                         cont nil))
               (error "Address expected in this Ex command")))
            ((eq ex-token-type 'end-mark)
             (setq cont nil))
            ((eq ex-token-type 'whole)
             (error "Trailing address expected"))
            ((eq ex-token-type 'comma)
             (error "`%s': %s" ex-token viper-SpuriousText))
            (t (let ((ans (viper-get-ex-address-subr address (point-marker))))
                 (if ans (setq address ans))))))
    address))

(declare-function viper-register-to-point "viper-cmd"
                  (char &optional enforce-buffer))

;; Returns an address as a point
(defun viper-get-ex-address-subr (old-address dot)
  (let ((address nil))
    (if (null old-address) (setq old-address dot))
    (cond ((eq ex-token-type 'dot)
           (setq address dot))
          ((eq ex-token-type 'add-number)
           (save-excursion
             (goto-char old-address)
             (forward-line (if (= old-address 0) (1- ex-token) ex-token))
             (setq address (point-marker))))
          ((eq ex-token-type 'sub-number)
           (save-excursion
             (goto-char old-address)
             (forward-line (- ex-token))
             (setq address (point-marker))))
          ((eq ex-token-type 'abs-number)
           (save-excursion
             (goto-char (point-min))
             (if (= ex-token 0) (setq address 0)
               (forward-line (1- ex-token))
               (setq address (point-marker)))))
          ((eq ex-token-type 'end)
           (save-excursion
             (goto-char (1- (point-max)))
             (setq address (point-marker))))
          ((eq ex-token-type 'plus) t)  ; do nothing
          ((eq ex-token-type 'minus) t) ; do nothing
          ((eq ex-token-type 'search-forward)
           (save-excursion
             (ex-search-address t)
             (setq address (point-marker))))
          ((eq ex-token-type 'search-backward)
           (save-excursion
             (ex-search-address nil)
             (setq address (point-marker))))
          ((eq ex-token-type 'goto-mark)
           (save-excursion
             (if (null ex-token)
                 (exchange-point-and-mark)
               (goto-char
                (viper-register-to-point
                 (viper-int-to-char (1+ (- ex-token ?a))) 'enforce-buffer)))
             (setq address (point-marker)))))
    address))


;; Search pattern and set address
;; Doesn't wrap around. Should it?
(defun ex-search-address (forward)
  (if (string= ex-token "")
      (if (null viper-s-string)
          (error viper-NoPrevSearch)
        (setq ex-token viper-s-string))
    (setq viper-s-string ex-token))
  (if forward
      (progn
        (forward-line 1)
        (re-search-forward ex-token))
    (forward-line -1)
    (re-search-backward ex-token)))

;; Get a buffer name and set `ex-count' and `ex-flag' if found
(defun viper-get-ex-buffer ()
  (setq ex-buffer nil)
  (setq ex-count nil)
  (setq ex-flag nil)
  (save-window-excursion
    (setq viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
    (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
    (if (looking-at "[a-zA-Z]")
        (progn
          (setq ex-buffer (following-char))
          (forward-char 1)
          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
    (if (looking-at "[0-9]")
        (progn
          (set-mark (point))
          (re-search-forward "[0-9][0-9]*")
          (setq ex-count (string-to-number (buffer-substring (point) (mark t))))
          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
    (if (looking-at "[pl#]")
        (progn
          (setq ex-flag t)
          (forward-char 1)))
    (if (not (looking-at "[\n|]"))
        (error "`%s': %s" ex-token viper-SpuriousText))))

(defun viper-get-ex-count ()
  (setq ex-variant nil
        ex-count nil
        ex-flag nil)
  (save-window-excursion
    (setq viper-ex-work-buf (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
    (set-buffer viper-ex-work-buf)
    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
    (if (looking-at "!")
        (progn
          (setq ex-variant t)
          (forward-char 1)))
    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
    (if (looking-at "[0-9]")
        (progn
          (set-mark (point))
          (re-search-forward "[0-9][0-9]*")
          (setq ex-count (string-to-number (buffer-substring (point) (mark t))))
          (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
    (if (looking-at "[pl#]")
        (progn
          (setq ex-flag t)
          (forward-char 1)))
    (if (not (looking-at "[\n|]"))
        (error "`%s': %s"
               (buffer-substring
                (point-min) (1- (point-max))) viper-BadExCommand))))

;; Expand \% and \# in ex command
(defun ex-expand-filsyms (cmd buf)
  (let (cf pf ret)
    (with-current-buffer buf
      (setq cf buffer-file-name)
      (setq pf (ex-next nil t))) ; this finds alternative file name
    (if (and (null cf) (string-match "[^\\]%\\|\\`%" cmd))
        (error "No current file to substitute for `%%'"))
    (if (and (null pf) (string-match "[^\\]#\\|\\`#" cmd))
        (error "No alternate file to substitute for `#'"))
    (with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create viper-ex-tmp-buf-name)
      (erase-buffer)
      (insert cmd)
      (goto-char (point-min))
      (while (re-search-forward "%\\|#" nil t)
        (let ((data (match-data))
              (char (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))))
          (if (looking-back "\\\\." (- (point) 2))
              (replace-match char)
            (store-match-data data)
            (if (string= char "%")
                (replace-match cf)
              (replace-match pf)))))
      (end-of-line)
      (setq ret (buffer-substring (point-min) (point)))
      (message "%s" ret))
    ret))

;; Get a file name and set `ex-variant', `ex-append' and `ex-offset' if found
;; If it is r!, then get the command name and whatever args
(defun viper-get-ex-file ()
  (let (prompt)
    (setq ex-file nil
          ex-variant nil
          ex-append nil
          ex-offset nil
          ex-cmdfile nil
          ex-cmdfile-args "")
    (save-excursion
      (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                                 (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
        (skip-chars-forward " \t")
        (if (looking-at "!")
            (if (and (not (looking-back "[ \t]" (1- (point))))
                     ;; read doesn't have a corresponding :r! form, so ! is
                     ;; immediately interpreted as a shell command.
                     (not (string= ex-token "read")))
                (progn
                  (setq ex-variant t)
                  (forward-char 1)
                  (skip-chars-forward " \t"))
              (setq ex-cmdfile t)
              (forward-char 1)
              (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
        (if (looking-at ">>")
            (progn
              (setq ex-append t
                    ex-variant t)
              (forward-char 2)
              (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
        (if (looking-at "+")
            (progn
              (forward-char 1)
              (set-mark (point))
              (re-search-forward "[ \t\n]")
              (backward-char 1)
              (setq ex-offset (buffer-substring (point) (mark t)))
              (forward-char 1)
              (skip-chars-forward " \t")))
        ;; this takes care of :r, :w, etc., when they get file names
        ;; from the history list
        (if (member ex-token '("read" "write" "edit" "visual" "next"))
            (progn
              (setq ex-file (buffer-substring (point)  (1- (point-max))))
              (setq ex-file
                    ;; For :e, match multiple non-white strings separated
                    ;; by white.  For others, find the first non-white string
                    (if (string-match
                         (if (string= ex-token "edit")
                             "[^ \t\n]+\\([ \t]+[^ \t\n]+\\)*"
                           "[^ \t\n]+")
                         ex-file)
                        (progn
                          ;; if file name comes from history, don't leave
                          ;; minibuffer when the user types space
                          (setq viper-incomplete-ex-cmd nil)
                          (setq ex-cmdfile-args
                                (substring ex-file (match-end 0) nil))
                          ;; this must be the last clause in this progn
                          (substring ex-file (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))
                          )
                      ""))
              ;; this leaves only the command name in the work area
              ;; file names are gone
              (delete-region (point) (1- (point-max)))
              ))
        (goto-char (point-max))
        (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
        (setq prompt (buffer-substring (point-min) (point)))
        ))

    (setq viper-last-ex-prompt prompt)

    ;; If we just finished reading command, redisplay prompt
    (if viper-incomplete-ex-cmd
        (setq ex-file (viper-ex-read-file-name (format ":%s " prompt)))
      ;; file was typed in-line
      (setq ex-file (or ex-file "")))
    ))


;; Completes file name or exits minibuffer.  If Ex command accepts multiple
;; file names, arranges to re-enter the minibuffer.
(defun viper-complete-filename-or-exit ()
  (interactive)
  (setq viper-keep-reading-filename t)
  ;; don't exit if directory---ex-commands don't
  (cond ((ex-cmd-accepts-multiple-files-p ex-token) (exit-minibuffer))
        ;; apparently the argument to an Ex command is
        ;; supposed to be a shell command
        ((looking-back "^[ \t]*!.*" (line-beginning-position))
         (setq ex-cmdfile t)
         (insert " "))
        (t
         (setq ex-cmdfile nil)
         (minibuffer-complete-word))))

(defun viper-handle-! ()
  (interactive)
  (if (and (string=
            (buffer-string) (viper-abbreviate-file-name default-directory))
           (member ex-token '("read" "write")))
      (erase-buffer))
  (insert "!"))

(defun ex-cmd-accepts-multiple-files-p (token)
  (member token '("edit" "next" "Next")))

;; Read file name from the minibuffer in an ex command.
;; If user doesn't enter anything, then "" is returned, i.e., the
;; prompt-directory is not returned.
(defun viper-ex-read-file-name (prompt)
  (let* ((str "")
         (minibuffer-local-completion-map
          (copy-keymap minibuffer-local-completion-map))
         beg end cont val)

    (viper-add-keymap ex-read-filename-map
                    (if (featurep 'emacs)
                        minibuffer-local-completion-map
                      read-file-name-map))

    (setq cont (setq viper-keep-reading-filename t))
    (while cont
      (setq viper-keep-reading-filename nil
            val (read-file-name (concat prompt str) nil default-directory))
      (setq val (expand-file-name val))
      (if (and (string-match " " val)
               (ex-cmd-accepts-multiple-files-p ex-token))
          (setq val (concat "\"" val "\"")))
      (setq str  (concat str (if (equal val "") "" " ")
                         val (if (equal val "") "" " ")))

      ;; Only edit, next, and Next commands accept multiple files.
      ;; viper-keep-reading-filename is set in the anonymous function that is
      ;; bound to " " in ex-read-filename-map.
      (setq cont (and viper-keep-reading-filename
                      (ex-cmd-accepts-multiple-files-p ex-token)))
      )

    (setq beg (string-match "[^ \t]" str)   ; delete leading blanks
          end (string-match "[ \t]*$" str)) ; delete trailing blanks
    (if (member ex-token '("read" "write"))
          (if (string-match "[\t ]*!" str)
              ;; this is actually a shell command
              (progn
                (setq ex-cmdfile t)
                (setq beg (1+ beg))
                (setq viper-last-ex-prompt
                      (concat viper-last-ex-prompt " !")))))
    (substring str (or beg 0) end)))


(defun viper-undisplayed-files ()
  (mapcar
   (lambda (b)
     (if (null (get-buffer-window b))
         (let ((f (buffer-file-name b)))
           (if f f
             (if ex-cycle-through-non-files
                 (let ((s (buffer-name b)))
                   (if (string= " " (substring s 0 1))
                       nil
                     s))
               nil)))
       nil))
   (buffer-list)))


(defun ex-args ()
  (let ((l (viper-undisplayed-files))
        (args "")
        (file-count 1))
    (while (not (null l))
      (if (car l)
          (setq args (format "%s %d) %s\n" args file-count (car l))
                file-count (1+ file-count)))
      (setq l (cdr l)))
    (if (string= args "")
        (message "All files are already displayed")
      (save-excursion
        (save-window-excursion
          (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *viper-info*"
            (princ "\n\nThese files are not displayed in any window.\n")
            (princ "\n=============\n")
            (princ args)
            (princ "\n=============\n")
            (princ "\nThe numbers can be given as counts to :next. ")
            (princ "\n\nPress any key to continue...\n\n"))
          (viper-read-event))))))

;; Ex cd command.  Default directory of this buffer changes
(defun ex-cd ()
  (viper-get-ex-file)
  (if (string= ex-file "")
      (setq ex-file "~"))
  (setq default-directory (file-name-as-directory (expand-file-name ex-file))))

;; Ex copy and move command.  DEL-FLAG means delete
(defun ex-copy (del-flag)
  (viper-default-ex-addresses)
  (let ((address (viper-get-ex-address))
        (end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
    (goto-char end)
    (save-excursion
      (push-mark beg t)
      (viper-enlarge-region (mark t) (point))
      (if del-flag
          (kill-region (point) (mark t))
        (copy-region-as-kill (point) (mark t)))
      (if ex-flag
          (progn
            (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *copy text*"
              (princ
               (if (or del-flag ex-g-flag ex-g-variant)
                   (current-kill 0)
                 (buffer-substring (point) (mark t)))))
            (condition-case nil
                (progn
                  (read-string "[Hit return to confirm] ")
                  (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *copy text*")))
              (quit (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *copy text*"))
                    (signal 'quit nil))))))
    (if (= address 0)
        (goto-char (point-min))
      (goto-char address)
      (forward-line 1))
      (insert (current-kill 0))))

(declare-function viper-append-to-register "viper-cmd" (reg start end))

;; Ex delete command
(defun ex-delete ()
  (viper-default-ex-addresses)
  (viper-get-ex-buffer)
  (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
    (if (> beg end) (error viper-FirstAddrExceedsSecond))
    (save-excursion
      (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
      (exchange-point-and-mark)
      (if ex-count
          (progn
            (set-mark (point))
            (forward-line (1- ex-count)))
        (set-mark end))
      (viper-enlarge-region (point) (mark t))
      (if ex-flag
          ;; show text to be deleted and ask for confirmation
          (progn
            (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *delete text*"
              (princ (buffer-substring (point) (mark t))))
            (condition-case nil
                (read-string "[Hit return to confirm] ")
              (quit
               (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *delete text*"))
               (error "Viper bell")))
            (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *delete text*")))
        (if ex-buffer
            (cond ((viper-valid-register ex-buffer '(Letter))
                   (viper-append-to-register
                    (downcase ex-buffer) (point) (mark t)))
                  ((viper-valid-register ex-buffer)
                   (copy-to-register ex-buffer (point) (mark t) nil))
                  (t (error viper-InvalidRegister ex-buffer))))
        (kill-region (point) (mark t))))))


(declare-function viper-change-state-to-vi "viper-cmd" (&rest _))

;; Ex edit command
;; In Viper, `e' and `e!' behave identically.  In both cases, the user is
;; asked if current buffer should really be discarded.
;; This command can take multiple file names.  It replaces the current buffer
;; with the first file in its argument list
(defun ex-edit (&optional file)
  (if (not file)
      (viper-get-ex-file))
  (cond ((and (string= ex-file "") buffer-file-name)
         (setq ex-file  (viper-abbreviate-file-name (buffer-file-name))))
        ((string= ex-file "")
         (error viper-NoFileSpecified)))

     (let (msg do-edit)
       (if buffer-file-name
        (cond ((buffer-modified-p)
               (setq msg
                     (format "Buffer %s is modified.  Discard changes? "
                             (buffer-name))
                     do-edit t))
              ((not (verify-visited-file-modtime (current-buffer)))
               (setq msg
                     (format "File %s changed on disk.  Reread from disk? "
                             buffer-file-name)
                     do-edit t))
              (t (setq do-edit nil))))

       (if do-edit
        (if (yes-or-no-p msg)
            (progn
              (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
              (kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
          (message "Buffer %s was left intact" (buffer-name))))
       ) ; let

  (if (null (setq file (get-file-buffer ex-file)))
      (progn
        ;; this also does shell-style globbing
        (ex-find-file
         ;; replace # and % with the previous/current file
         (ex-expand-filsyms ex-file (current-buffer)))
        (or (eq major-mode 'dired-mode)
            (viper-change-state-to-vi))
        (goto-char (point-min)))
    (switch-to-buffer file))
  (if ex-offset
      (progn
        (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                                   (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
          (delete-region (point-min) (point-max))
          (insert ex-offset "\n")
          (goto-char (point-min)))
        (goto-char (viper-get-ex-address))
        (beginning-of-line)))
  (ex-fixup-history viper-last-ex-prompt ex-file))

;; Find-file FILESPEC if it appears to specify a single file.
;; Otherwise, assume that FILESPEC is a wildcard.
;; In this case, split it into substrings separated by newlines.
;; Each line is assumed to be a file name.
(defun ex-find-file (filespec)
  (let ((nonstandard-filename-chars "[^-a-zA-Z0-9_./,~$\\]"))
    (cond ((file-exists-p filespec) (find-file filespec))
          ((string-match nonstandard-filename-chars  filespec)
           (mapcar 'find-file (funcall viper-glob-function filespec)))
          (t (find-file filespec)))
    ))


(declare-function viper-backward-char-carefully "viper-cmd" (&optional arg))

;; Ex global command
;; This is executed in response to:
;;              :global "pattern" ex-command
;;              :vglobal "pattern" ex-command
;; :global executes ex-command on all lines matching <pattern>
;; :vglobal executes ex-command on all lines that don't match <pattern>
;;
;; With VARIANT nil, this functions executes :global
;; With VARIANT t, executes :vglobal
(defun ex-global (variant)
  (let ((gcommand ex-token))
    (if (or ex-g-flag ex-g-variant)
        (error "`%s' within `global' is not allowed" gcommand)
      (if variant
          (setq ex-g-flag nil
                ex-g-variant t)
        (setq ex-g-flag t
              ex-g-variant nil)))
    (viper-get-ex-pat)
    (if (null ex-token)
        (error "`%s': Missing regular expression" gcommand)))

  (if (string= ex-token "")
      (if (null viper-s-string)
          (error viper-NoPrevSearch)
        (setq ex-g-pat viper-s-string))
    (setq ex-g-pat ex-token
          viper-s-string ex-token))
  (if (null ex-addresses)
      (setq ex-addresses (list (point-max) (point-min)))
    (viper-default-ex-addresses))
  (setq ex-g-marks nil)
  (let ((mark-count 0)
        (end (car ex-addresses))
        (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses)))
        com-str)
    (if (> beg end) (error viper-FirstAddrExceedsSecond))
    (save-excursion
      (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
      (exchange-point-and-mark)
      (let ((cont t) (limit (point-marker)))
        (exchange-point-and-mark)
        ;; skip the last line if empty
        (beginning-of-line)
        (if (eobp) (viper-backward-char-carefully))
        (while (and cont (not (bobp)) (>= (point) limit))
          (beginning-of-line)
          (set-mark (point))
          (end-of-line)
          (let ((found (re-search-backward ex-g-pat (mark t) t)))
            (if (or (and ex-g-flag found)
                    (and ex-g-variant (not found)))
                (progn
                  (end-of-line)
                  (setq mark-count (1+ mark-count))
                  (setq ex-g-marks (cons (point-marker) ex-g-marks)))))
          (beginning-of-line)
          (if (bobp) (setq cont nil)
            (forward-line -1)
            (end-of-line)))))
    (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                               (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
      ;; com-str is the command string, i.e., g/pattern/ or v/pattern'
      (setq com-str (buffer-substring (1+ (point)) (1- (point-max)))))
    (while ex-g-marks
      (goto-char (car ex-g-marks))
      (viper-ex nil com-str)
      (setq mark-count (1- mark-count))
      (setq ex-g-marks (cdr ex-g-marks)))))

;; Ex goto command
(defun ex-goto ()
  (if (null ex-addresses)
      (setq ex-addresses (cons (point) nil)))
  (push-mark (point) t)
  (goto-char (car ex-addresses))
  (beginning-of-line)
  )

;; Ex line commands.  COM is join, shift-right or shift-left
(defun ex-line (com)
  (viper-default-ex-addresses)
  (viper-get-ex-count)
  (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))) point)
    (if (> beg end) (error viper-FirstAddrExceedsSecond))
    (save-excursion
      (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
      (exchange-point-and-mark)
      (if ex-count
          (progn
            (set-mark (point))
            (forward-line ex-count)))
      (if ex-flag
          ;; show text to be joined and ask for confirmation
          (progn
            (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *join text*"
              (princ (buffer-substring (point) (mark t))))
            (condition-case nil
                (progn
                  (read-string "[Hit return to confirm] ")
                  (ex-line-subr com (point) (mark t)))
              (quit (ding)))
            (save-excursion (kill-buffer " *join text*")))
        (ex-line-subr com (point) (mark t)))
      (setq point (point)))
    (goto-char (1- point))
    (beginning-of-line)))

(declare-function viper-forward-char-carefully "viper-cmd" (&optional arg))

(defun ex-line-subr (com beg end)
  (cond ((string= com "join")
         (goto-char (min beg end))
         (while (and (not (eobp)) (< (point) (max beg end)))
           (end-of-line)
           (if (and (<= (point) (max beg end)) (not (eobp)))
               (progn
                 (forward-line 1)
                 (delete-region (point) (1- (point)))
                 (if (not ex-variant) (fixup-whitespace))))))
        ((or (string= com "right") (string= com "left"))
         (indent-rigidly
          (min beg end) (max beg end)
          (if (string= com "right") viper-shift-width (- viper-shift-width)))
         (goto-char (max beg end))
         (end-of-line)
         (viper-forward-char-carefully))))


;; Ex mark command
;; Sets the mark to the current point.
;; If name is omitted, get the name straight from the work buffer."
(defun ex-mark (&optional name)
  (let (char)
    (if (null ex-addresses)
        (setq ex-addresses
              (cons (point) nil)))
    (if name
        (if (eq 1 (length name))
            (setq char (string-to-char name))
          (error "`%s': Spurious text \"%s\" after mark name"
                 name (substring name 1)))
      (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                                 (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
        (skip-chars-forward " \t")
        (if (looking-at "[a-z]")
            (progn
              (setq char (following-char))
              (forward-char 1)
              (skip-chars-forward " \t")
              (if (not (looking-at "[\n|]"))
                  (error "`%s': %s" ex-token viper-SpuriousText)))
          (error "`%s' requires a following letter" ex-token))))
    (save-excursion
      (goto-char (car ex-addresses))
      (point-to-register (viper-int-to-char (1+ (- char ?a)))))))



;; Alternate file is the file next to the first one in the buffer ring
(defun ex-next (cycle-other-window &optional find-alt-file)
  (catch 'ex-edit
    (let (count l)
      (if (not find-alt-file)
          (progn
            (viper-get-ex-file)
            (if (or (char-or-string-p ex-offset)
                    (and (not (string= "" ex-file))
                         (not (string-match "^[0-9]+$" ex-file))))
                (progn
                  (ex-edit t)
                  (throw 'ex-edit nil))
              (setq count (string-to-number ex-file))
              (if (= count 0) (setq count 1))
              (if (< count 0) (error "Usage: `next <count>' (count >= 0)"))))
        (setq count 1))
      (setq l (viper-undisplayed-files))
      (while (> count 0)
        (while (and (not (null l)) (null (car l)))
          (setq l (cdr l)))
        (setq count (1- count))
        (if (> count 0)
            (setq l (cdr l))))
      (if find-alt-file (car l)
        (progn
          (if (and (car l) (get-file-buffer (car l)))
              (let* ((w (if cycle-other-window
                            (get-lru-window) (selected-window)))
                     (b (window-buffer w)))
                (set-window-buffer w (get-file-buffer (car l)))
                (bury-buffer b)
                ;; this puts "next <count>" in the ex-command history
                (ex-fixup-history viper-last-ex-prompt ex-file))
            (error "Not that many undisplayed files")))))))


(defun ex-next-related-buffer (direction &optional no-recursion)

  (viper-ring-rotate1 viper-related-files-and-buffers-ring direction)

  (let ((file-or-buffer-name
         (viper-current-ring-item viper-related-files-and-buffers-ring))
        (old-ring viper-related-files-and-buffers-ring)
        (old-win (selected-window))
        skip-rest buf wind)

    (or (and (ring-p viper-related-files-and-buffers-ring)
             (> (ring-length viper-related-files-and-buffers-ring) 0))
        (error "This buffer has no related files or buffers"))

    (or (stringp file-or-buffer-name)
        (error
         "File and buffer names must be strings, %S" file-or-buffer-name))

    (setq buf (cond ((get-buffer file-or-buffer-name))
                    ((file-exists-p file-or-buffer-name)
                     (find-file-noselect file-or-buffer-name))
                    ))

    (if (not (viper-buffer-live-p buf))
        (error "Didn't find buffer %S or file %S"
               file-or-buffer-name
               (viper-abbreviate-file-name
                (expand-file-name file-or-buffer-name))))

    (if (equal buf (current-buffer))
        (or no-recursion
            ;; try again
            (progn
              (setq skip-rest t)
              (ex-next-related-buffer direction 'norecursion))))

    (if skip-rest
        ()
      ;; setup buffer
      (if (setq wind (viper-get-visible-buffer-window buf))
          ()
        (setq wind (get-lru-window (if (featurep 'xemacs) nil 'visible)))
        (set-window-buffer wind buf))

      (if (viper-window-display-p)
          (progn
            (raise-frame (window-frame wind))
            (if (equal (window-frame wind) (window-frame old-win))
                (save-window-excursion (select-window wind) (sit-for 1))
              (select-window wind)))
        (save-window-excursion (select-window wind) (sit-for 1)))

      (with-current-buffer buf
        (setq viper-related-files-and-buffers-ring old-ring))

      (setq viper-local-search-start-marker (point-marker))
      )))


;; Force auto save
(defun ex-preserve ()
  (message "Autosaving all buffers that need to be saved...")
  (do-auto-save t))

(declare-function viper-Put-back "viper-cmd" (arg))
(declare-function viper-put-back "viper-cmd" (arg))

;; Ex put
(defun ex-put ()
  (let ((point (if (null ex-addresses) (point) (car ex-addresses))))
    (viper-get-ex-buffer)
    (setq viper-use-register ex-buffer)
    (goto-char point)
    (if (bobp) (viper-Put-back 1) (viper-put-back 1))))

;; Ex print working directory
(defun ex-pwd ()
  (message "%s" default-directory))

;; Ex quit command
(defun ex-quit ()
  ;; skip "!", if it is q!.  In Viper q!, w!, etc., behave as q, w, etc.
  (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                             (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
    (if (looking-at "!") (forward-char 1)))
  (if (< viper-expert-level 3)
      (save-buffers-kill-emacs)
    (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))


(declare-function viper-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary "viper-cmd" ())

;; Ex read command
;; ex-read doesn't support wildcards, because file completion is a better
;; mechanism. We also don't support # and % (except in :r <shell-command>
;; because file history is a better mechanism.
(defun ex-read ()
  (viper-get-ex-file)
  (let ((point (if (null ex-addresses) (point) (car ex-addresses)))
        command)
    (goto-char point)
    (viper-add-newline-at-eob-if-necessary)
    (if (not (or (bobp) (eobp))) (forward-line 1))
    (if (and (not ex-variant) (string= ex-file ""))
        (progn
          (if (null buffer-file-name)
              (error viper-NoFileSpecified))
          (setq ex-file buffer-file-name)))
    (if ex-cmdfile
        (progn
          (setq command
                ;; replace # and % with the previous/current file
                (ex-expand-filsyms
                 (concat (shell-quote-argument ex-file) ex-cmdfile-args)
                 (current-buffer)))
          (shell-command command t))
      (insert-file-contents ex-file)))
  (ex-fixup-history viper-last-ex-prompt ex-file ex-cmdfile-args))

;; this function fixes ex-history for some commands like ex-read, ex-edit
(defun ex-fixup-history (&rest args)
  (setq viper-ex-history
        (cons (mapconcat 'identity args " ") (cdr viper-ex-history))))


;; Ex recover from emacs \#file\#
(defun ex-recover ()
  (viper-get-ex-file)
  (if (or ex-append ex-offset)
      (error "`recover': %s" viper-SpuriousText))
  (if (string= ex-file "")
      (progn
        (if (null buffer-file-name)
            (error "This buffer isn't visiting any file"))
        (setq ex-file buffer-file-name))
    (setq ex-file (expand-file-name ex-file)))
  (if (and (not (string= ex-file (buffer-file-name)))
           (buffer-modified-p)
           (not ex-variant))
      (error "No write since last change (:rec! overrides)"))
  (recover-file ex-file))

;; Tell that `rewind' is obsolete and to use `:next count' instead
(defun ex-rewind ()
  (message
   "Use `:n <count>' instead.  Counts are obtained from the `:args' command"))


;; read variable name for ex-set
(defun ex-set-read-variable ()
  (let ((minibuffer-local-completion-map
         (copy-keymap minibuffer-local-completion-map))
        (cursor-in-echo-area t)
        str batch)
    (define-key
      minibuffer-local-completion-map " " 'minibuffer-complete-and-exit)
    (define-key minibuffer-local-completion-map "=" 'exit-minibuffer)
    (if (viper-set-unread-command-events
         (ex-get-inline-cmd-args "[ \t]*[a-zA-Z]*[ \t]*" nil "\C-m"))
        (progn
          (setq batch t)
          (viper-set-unread-command-events ?\C-m)))
    (message ":set  <Variable> [= <Value>]")
    (or batch (sit-for 2))

    (while (string-match "^[ \\t\\n]*$"
                         (setq str
                               (completing-read ":set " ex-variable-alist)))
      (message ":set <Variable> [= <Value>]")
      ;; if there are unread events, don't wait
      (or (viper-set-unread-command-events "") (sit-for 2))
      ) ; while
    str))


(defun ex-set ()
  (let ((var (ex-set-read-variable))
        (val 0)
        (set-cmd "setq")
        (ask-if-save t)
        (auto-cmd-label "; don't touch or else...")
        (delete-turn-on-auto-fill-pattern
         "([ \t]*add-hook[ \t]+'viper-insert-state-hook[ \t]+'turn-on-auto-fill.*)")
        actual-lisp-cmd lisp-cmd-del-pattern
        val2 orig-var)
    (setq orig-var var)
    (cond ((string= var "all")
           (setq ask-if-save nil
                 set-cmd nil))
          ((member var '("ai" "autoindent"))
           (setq var "viper-auto-indent"
                 set-cmd "setq"
                 ask-if-save nil
                 val "t"))
          ((member var '("ai-g" "autoindent-global"))
           (kill-local-variable 'viper-auto-indent)
           (setq var "viper-auto-indent"
                 set-cmd "setq-default"
                 val "t"))
          ((member var '("noai" "noautoindent"))
           (setq var "viper-auto-indent"
                 ask-if-save nil
                 val "nil"))
          ((member var '("noai-g" "noautoindent-global"))
           (kill-local-variable 'viper-auto-indent)
           (setq var "viper-auto-indent"
                 set-cmd "setq-default"
                 val "nil"))
          ((member var '("ic" "ignorecase"))
           (setq var "viper-case-fold-search"
                 val "t"))
          ((member var '("noic" "noignorecase"))
           (setq var "viper-case-fold-search"
                 val "nil"))
          ((member var '("ma" "magic"))
           (setq var "viper-re-search"
                 val "t"))
          ((member var '("noma" "nomagic"))
           (setq var "viper-re-search"
                 val "nil"))
          ((member var '("ro" "readonly"))
           (setq var "buffer-read-only"
                 val "t"))
          ((member var '("noro" "noreadonly"))
           (setq var "buffer-read-only"
                 val "nil"))
          ((member var '("sm" "showmatch"))
           (setq var "blink-matching-paren"
                 val "t"))
          ((member var '("nosm" "noshowmatch"))
           (setq var "blink-matching-paren"
                 val "nil"))
          ((member var '("ws" "wrapscan"))
           (setq var "viper-search-wrap-around"
                 val "t"))
          ((member var '("nows" "nowrapscan"))
           (setq var "viper-search-wrap-around"
                 val "nil")))
    (if (and set-cmd (eq val 0)) ; value must be set by the user
        (let ((cursor-in-echo-area t))
          (message ":set %s = <Value>" var)
          ;; if there are unread events, don't wait
          (or (viper-set-unread-command-events "") (sit-for 2))
          (setq val (read-string (format ":set %s = " var)))
          (ex-fixup-history "set" orig-var val)

          ;; check numerical values
          (if (member var
                      '("sw" "shiftwidth"
                        "ts" "tabstop"
                        "ts-g" "tabstop-global"
                        "wm" "wrapmargin"))
              (condition-case nil
                  (or (numberp (setq val2 (car (read-from-string val))))
                      (error "%s: Invalid value, numberp, %S" var val))
                (error
                 (error "%s: Invalid value, numberp, %S" var val))))

          (cond
           ((member var '("sw" "shiftwidth"))
            (setq var "viper-shift-width"))
           ((member var '("ts" "tabstop"))
            ;; make it take effect in curr buff and new bufs
            (setq var "tab-width"
                  set-cmd "setq"
                  ask-if-save nil))
           ((member var '("ts-g" "tabstop-global"))
            (kill-local-variable 'tab-width)
            (setq var "tab-width"
                  set-cmd "setq-default"))
           ((member var '("wm" "wrapmargin"))
            ;; make it take effect in curr buff and new bufs
            (kill-local-variable 'fill-column)
            (setq var "fill-column"
                  val (format "(- (window-width) %s)" val)
                  set-cmd "setq-default"))
           ((member var '("sh" "shell"))
            (setq var "explicit-shell-file-name"
                  val (format "\"%s\"" val)))))
      (ex-fixup-history "set" orig-var))

    (if set-cmd
        (setq actual-lisp-cmd
              (format "\n(%s %s %s) %s" set-cmd var val auto-cmd-label)
              lisp-cmd-del-pattern
              (format "^\n?[ \t]*([ \t]*%s[ \t]+%s[ \t].*)[ \t]*%s"
                      set-cmd var auto-cmd-label)))

    (if (and ask-if-save
             (y-or-n-p (format "Do you want to save this setting in %s "
                               viper-custom-file-name)))
        (progn
          (viper-save-string-in-file
           actual-lisp-cmd viper-custom-file-name
           ;; del pattern
           lisp-cmd-del-pattern)
          (if (string= var "fill-column")
              (if (> val2 0)
                  (viper-save-string-in-file
                   (concat
                    "(add-hook 'viper-insert-state-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill) "
                    auto-cmd-label)
                   viper-custom-file-name
                   delete-turn-on-auto-fill-pattern)
                (viper-save-string-in-file
                 nil viper-custom-file-name delete-turn-on-auto-fill-pattern)
                (viper-save-string-in-file
                 nil viper-custom-file-name
                 ;; del pattern
                 lisp-cmd-del-pattern)
                ))
          ))

    (if set-cmd
        (message "%s %s %s"
                 set-cmd var
                 (if (string-match "^[ \t]*$" val)
                     (format "%S" val)
                   val)))
    (if actual-lisp-cmd
        (eval (car (read-from-string actual-lisp-cmd))))
    (if (string= var "fill-column")
        (if (> val2 0)
            (auto-fill-mode 1)
          (auto-fill-mode -1)))
    (if (string= var "all") (ex-show-vars))
    ))

;; In inline args, skip regex-forw and (optionally) chars-back.
;; Optional 3d arg is a string that should replace ' ' to prevent its
;; special meaning
(defun ex-get-inline-cmd-args (regex-forw &optional chars-back replace-str)
  (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                             (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (re-search-forward regex-forw nil t)
    (let ((beg (point))
          end)
      (goto-char (point-max))
      (if chars-back
          (skip-chars-backward chars-back)
        (skip-chars-backward " \t\n\C-m"))
      (setq end (point))
      ;; replace SPC with `=' to suppress the special meaning SPC has
      ;; in Ex commands
      (goto-char beg)
      (if replace-str
          (while (re-search-forward " +" nil t)
            (replace-match replace-str nil t)
            (viper-forward-char-carefully)))
      (goto-char end)
      (buffer-substring beg end))))


;; Ex shell command
(defun ex-shell ()
  (shell))

;; Viper help.  Invokes Info
(defun ex-help ()
  (condition-case nil
      (progn
        (pop-to-buffer (get-buffer-create "*info*"))
        (info (if (featurep 'xemacs) "viper.info" "viper"))
        (message "Type `i' to search for a specific topic"))
    (error (beep 1)
           (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *viper-info*"
             (princ (format "
The Info file for Viper does not seem to be installed.

This file is part of the standard distribution of %sEmacs.
Please contact your system administrator. "
                            (if (featurep 'xemacs) "X" "")
                            ))))))

;; Ex source command.
;; Loads the file specified as argument or viper-custom-file-name.
(defun ex-source ()
  (viper-get-ex-file)
  (if (string= ex-file "")
      (load viper-custom-file-name)
    (load ex-file)))

;; Ex substitute command
;; If REPEAT use previous regexp which is ex-reg-exp or viper-s-string
(defun ex-substitute (&optional repeat r-flag)
  (let ((opt-g nil)
        (opt-c nil)
        (matched-pos nil)
        (case-fold-search viper-case-fold-search)
        delim pat repl)
    (if repeat (setq ex-token nil) (setq delim (viper-get-ex-pat)))
    (if (null ex-token)
        (progn
          (setq pat (if r-flag viper-s-string ex-reg-exp))
          (or (stringp pat)
              (error "No previous pattern to use in substitution"))
          (setq repl ex-repl
                delim (string-to-char pat)))
      (setq pat (if (string= ex-token "") viper-s-string ex-token))
      (setq viper-s-string pat
            ex-reg-exp pat)
      (setq delim (viper-get-ex-pat))
      (if (null ex-token)
          (setq ex-token ""
                ex-repl "")
        (setq repl ex-token
              ex-repl ex-token)))
    (while (viper-get-ex-opt-gc delim)
      (if (string= ex-token "g") (setq opt-g t) (setq opt-c t)))
    (viper-get-ex-count)
    (if ex-count
        (save-excursion
          (if ex-addresses (goto-char (car ex-addresses)))
          (set-mark (point))
          (forward-line (1- ex-count))
          (setq ex-addresses (cons (point) (cons (mark t) nil))))
      (if (null ex-addresses)
          (setq ex-addresses (cons (point) (cons (point) nil)))
        (if (null (cdr ex-addresses))
            (setq ex-addresses (cons (car ex-addresses) ex-addresses)))))
                                        ;(setq G opt-g)
    (let ((beg (car ex-addresses))
          (end (car (cdr ex-addresses)))
          eol-mark)
      (save-excursion
        (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
        (let ((limit (save-excursion
                       (goto-char (max (point) (mark t)))
                       (point-marker))))
          (goto-char (min (point) (mark t)))
          (while (< (point) limit)
            (save-excursion
              (end-of-line)
              ;; This move allows the use of newline as the last character in
              ;; the substitution pattern
              (viper-forward-char-carefully)
              (setq eol-mark (point-marker)))
            (beginning-of-line)
            (if opt-g
                (progn
                  (while (and (not (eolp))
                              (re-search-forward pat eol-mark t))
                    (if (or (not opt-c)
                            (progn
                              (viper-put-on-search-overlay (match-beginning 0)
                                                           (match-end 0))
                              (y-or-n-p "Replace? ")))
                        (progn
                          (viper-hide-search-overlay)
                          (setq matched-pos (point))
                          (if (not (stringp repl))
                              (error "Can't perform Ex substitution: No previous replacement pattern"))
                          (replace-match repl t))))
                  (end-of-line)
                  (viper-forward-char-carefully))
              (if (null pat)
                  (error
                   "Can't repeat Ex substitution: No previous regular expression"))
              (if (and (re-search-forward pat eol-mark t)
                       (or (not opt-c)
                           (progn
                             (viper-put-on-search-overlay (match-beginning 0)
                                                          (match-end 0))
                             (y-or-n-p "Replace? "))))
                  (progn
                    (viper-hide-search-overlay)
                    (setq matched-pos (point))
                    (if (not (stringp repl))
                        (error "Can't perform Ex substitution: No previous replacement pattern"))
                    (replace-match repl t)))
              ;;(end-of-line)
              ;;(viper-forward-char-carefully)
              (goto-char eol-mark)
              )))))
    (if matched-pos (goto-char matched-pos))
    (beginning-of-line)
    (if opt-c (message "done"))))

(declare-function viper-change-state-to-emacs "viper-cmd" (&rest _))

;; Ex tag command
(defun ex-tag ()
  (let (tag)
    (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                               (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (set-mark (point))
      (skip-chars-forward "^ |\t\n")
      (setq tag (buffer-substring (mark t) (point))))
    (if (not (string= tag "")) (setq ex-tag tag))
    (viper-change-state-to-emacs)
    (condition-case conds
        (progn
          (if (string= tag "")
              (find-tag ex-tag t)
            (find-tag-other-window ex-tag))
          (viper-change-state-to-vi))
      (error
       (viper-change-state-to-vi)
       (viper-message-conditions conds)))))

;; Ex write command
;; ex-write doesn't support wildcards, because file completion is a better
;; mechanism. We also don't support # and %
;; because file history is a better mechanism.
(defun ex-write (q-flag)
  (viper-default-ex-addresses t)
  (viper-get-ex-file)
  (let ((end (car ex-addresses))
        (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses)))
        (orig-buf (current-buffer))
        ;;(orig-buf-file-name (buffer-file-name))
        ;;(orig-buf-name (buffer-name))
        ;;(buff-changed-p (buffer-modified-p))
        temp-buf writing-same-file region
        file-exists writing-whole-file)
    (if (> beg end) (error viper-FirstAddrExceedsSecond))
    (if ex-cmdfile
        (progn
          (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
          (shell-command-on-region (point) (mark t)
                                   (concat ex-file ex-cmdfile-args)))
      (if (and (string= ex-file "") (not (buffer-file-name)))
          (setq ex-file
                (read-file-name
                 (format "Buffer %s isn't visiting any file.  File to save in: "
                         (buffer-name)))))

      (setq writing-whole-file (and (= (point-min) beg) (= (point-max) end))
            ex-file (if (string= ex-file "")
                        (buffer-file-name)
                      (expand-file-name ex-file)))
      ;; if ex-file is a directory use the file portion of the buffer file name
      (if (and (file-directory-p ex-file)
               buffer-file-name
               (not (file-directory-p buffer-file-name)))
          (setq ex-file
                (concat (file-name-as-directory ex-file)
                        (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))))

      (setq file-exists (file-exists-p ex-file)
            writing-same-file (string= ex-file (buffer-file-name)))

      ;; do actual writing
      (if (and writing-whole-file writing-same-file)
          ;; saving whole buffer in visited file
          (if (not (buffer-modified-p))
              (message "(No changes need to be saved)")
            (viper-maybe-checkout (current-buffer))
            (save-buffer)
            (save-restriction
                 (widen)
                 (ex-write-info file-exists ex-file (point-min) (point-max))
                 ))
        ;; writing to non-visited file and it already exists
        (if (and file-exists (not writing-same-file)
                 (not (yes-or-no-p
                       (format "File %s exists.  Overwrite? " ex-file))))
            (error "Quit"))
        ;; writing a region or whole buffer to non-visited file
        (unwind-protect
            (save-excursion
              (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
              (setq region (buffer-substring (point) (mark t)))
              ;; create temp buffer for the region
              (setq temp-buf (get-buffer-create " *ex-write*"))
              (set-buffer temp-buf)
              (if (featurep 'xemacs)
                  (set-visited-file-name ex-file)
                (set-visited-file-name ex-file 'noquery))
              (erase-buffer)
              (if (and file-exists ex-append)
                  (insert-file-contents ex-file))
              (goto-char (point-max))
              (insert region)
              ;; ask user
              (viper-maybe-checkout (current-buffer))
              (setq selective-display nil)
              (save-buffer)
              (ex-write-info
               file-exists ex-file (point-min) (point-max))
              )
          ;; this must be under unwind-protect so that
          ;; temp-buf will be deleted in case of an error
          (set-buffer temp-buf)
          (set-buffer-modified-p nil)
          (kill-buffer temp-buf)
          ;; buffer/region has been written, now take care of details
          (set-buffer orig-buf)))
      ;; set the right file modification time
      (if (and (buffer-file-name) writing-same-file)
          (set-visited-file-modtime))
      ;; prevent loss of data if saving part of the buffer in visited file
      (or writing-whole-file
          (not writing-same-file)
          (progn
            (sit-for 2)
            (message "Warning: you have saved only part of the buffer!")
            (set-buffer-modified-p t)))
      (if q-flag
          (if (< viper-expert-level 2)
              (save-buffers-kill-emacs)
            (kill-buffer (current-buffer))))
      )))


(defun ex-write-info (exists file-name beg end)
  (message "`%s'%s %d lines, %d characters"
           (viper-abbreviate-file-name file-name)
           (if exists "" " [New file]")
           (count-lines beg (min (1+ end) (point-max)))
           (- end beg)))

;; Ex yank command
(defun ex-yank ()
  (viper-default-ex-addresses)
  (viper-get-ex-buffer)
  (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
    (if (> beg end) (error viper-FirstAddrExceedsSecond))
    (save-excursion
      (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
      (exchange-point-and-mark)
      (if (or ex-g-flag ex-g-variant)
          (error "Can't execute `yank' within `global'"))
      (if ex-count
          (progn
            (set-mark (point))
            (forward-line (1- ex-count)))
        (set-mark end))
      (viper-enlarge-region (point) (mark t))
      (if ex-flag (error "`yank': %s" viper-SpuriousText))
      (if ex-buffer
          (cond ((viper-valid-register ex-buffer '(Letter))
                 (viper-append-to-register
                  (downcase ex-buffer) (point) (mark t)))
                ((viper-valid-register ex-buffer)
                 (copy-to-register ex-buffer (point) (mark t) nil))
                (t (error viper-InvalidRegister ex-buffer))))
      (copy-region-as-kill (point) (mark t)))))

;; Execute shell command
(defun ex-command ()
  (let (command)
    (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                               (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (setq command (buffer-substring (point) (point-max)))
      (end-of-line))
    ;; replace # and % with the previous/current file
    (setq command (ex-expand-filsyms command (current-buffer)))
    (if (and (> (length command) 0) (string= "!" (substring command 0 1)))
        (if viper-ex-last-shell-com
            (setq command
                  (concat viper-ex-last-shell-com (substring command 1)))
          (error "No previous shell command")))
    (setq viper-ex-last-shell-com command)
    (if (null ex-addresses)
        (shell-command command)
      (let ((end (car ex-addresses)) (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
        (if (null beg) (setq beg end))
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char beg)
          (set-mark end)
          (viper-enlarge-region (point) (mark t))
          (shell-command-on-region (point) (mark t) command t t))
        (goto-char beg)))))

(defun ex-compile ()
  "Reads args from the command line, then runs make with the args.
If no args are given, then it runs the last compile command.
Type `mak ' (including the space) to run make with no args."
  (let (args)
    (with-current-buffer (setq viper-ex-work-buf
                               (get-buffer-create viper-ex-work-buf-name))
      (setq args (buffer-substring (point) (point-max)))
      (end-of-line))
    ;; Remove the newline that may (will?) be at the end of the args
    (if (string= "\n" (substring args (1- (length args))))
        (setq args (substring args 0 (1- (length args)))))
    ;; Run last command if no args given, else construct a new command.
    (setq args
          (if (string= "" args)
              (if (boundp 'compile-command)
                  compile-command
                ex-compile-command)
            (concat ex-compile-command " " args)))
    (compile args)
    ))

;; Print line number
(defun ex-line-no ()
  (message "%d"
           (1+ (count-lines
                (point-min)
                (if (null ex-addresses) (point-max) (car ex-addresses))))))

;; Give information on the file visited by the current buffer
(defun viper-info-on-file ()
  (interactive)
  (let ((pos1 (viper-line-pos 'start))
        (pos2 (viper-line-pos 'end))
        lines file info)
    (setq lines (count-lines (point-min) (viper-line-pos 'end))
          file (cond ((buffer-file-name)
                      (concat (viper-abbreviate-file-name (buffer-file-name)) ":"))
                     ((buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer))
                      (concat (viper-abbreviate-file-name (buffer-file-name (buffer-base-buffer))) " (indirect buffer):"))
                     (t (concat (buffer-name) " [Not visiting any file]:")))
          info (format "line=%d/%d pos=%d/%d col=%d %s"
                       (if (= pos1 pos2)
                           (1+ lines)
                         lines)
                       (count-lines (point-min) (point-max))
                       (point) (1- (point-max))
                       (1+ (current-column))
                       (if (buffer-modified-p) "[Modified]" "[Unchanged]")))
    (if (< (+ 1 (length info) (length file))
           (window-width (minibuffer-window)))
        (message "%s" (concat file " " info))
      (save-window-excursion
        (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *viper-info*"
          (princ (concat "\n" file "\n\n\t" info "\n\n")))
        (let ((inhibit-quit t))
          (viper-set-unread-command-events (viper-read-event)))
        (kill-buffer " *viper-info*")))
    ))


;; Without arguments displays info on file. With an arg, sets the visited file
;; name to that arg
(defun ex-set-visited-file-name ()
  (viper-get-ex-file)
  (if (string= ex-file "")
      (viper-info-on-file)
    ;; If ex-file is a directory, use the file portion of the buffer
    ;; file name (like ex-write).  Do this even if ex-file is a
    ;; non-existent directory, since set-visited-file-name signals an
    ;; error on this condition, too.
    (if (and (string= (file-name-nondirectory ex-file) "")
             buffer-file-name
             (not (file-directory-p buffer-file-name)))
        (setq ex-file (concat (file-name-as-directory ex-file)
                              (file-name-nondirectory buffer-file-name))))
    (set-visited-file-name ex-file)))


;; display all variables set through :set
(defun ex-show-vars ()
  (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *viper-info*"
    (princ (if viper-auto-indent
               "autoindent (local)\n" "noautoindent (local)\n"))
    (princ (if (default-value 'viper-auto-indent)
               "autoindent (global) \n" "noautoindent (global) \n"))
    (princ (if viper-case-fold-search "ignorecase\n" "noignorecase\n"))
    (princ (if viper-re-search "magic\n" "nomagic\n"))
    (princ (if buffer-read-only "readonly\n" "noreadonly\n"))
    (princ (if blink-matching-paren "showmatch\n" "noshowmatch\n"))
    (princ (if viper-search-wrap-around "wrapscan\n" "nowrapscan\n"))
    (princ (format "shiftwidth \t\t= %S\n" viper-shift-width))
    (princ (format "tabstop (local) \t= %S\n" tab-width))
    (princ (format "tabstop (global) \t= %S\n" (default-value 'tab-width)))
    (princ (format "wrapmargin (local) \t= %S\n"
                   (- (window-width) fill-column)))
    (princ (format "wrapmargin (global) \t= %S\n"
                   (- (window-width) (default-value 'fill-column))))
    (princ (format "shell \t\t\t= %S\n" (if (boundp 'explicit-shell-file-name)
                                            explicit-shell-file-name
                                          'none)))
    ))

(defun ex-print ()
  (viper-default-ex-addresses)
  (let ((end (car ex-addresses))
        (beg (car (cdr ex-addresses))))
    (if (> beg end) (error viper-FirstAddrExceedsSecond))
    (save-excursion
      (viper-enlarge-region beg end)
      (if (or ex-g-flag ex-g-variant)
          ;; When executing a global command, collect output of each
          ;; print in viper-ex-print-buf.
          (progn
            (append-to-buffer viper-ex-print-buf (point) (mark t))
            ;; Is this the last mark for the global command?
            (unless (cdr ex-g-marks)
              (with-current-buffer viper-ex-print-buf
                (ex-print-display-lines (buffer-string))
                (erase-buffer))))
        (ex-print-display-lines (buffer-substring (point) (mark t)))))))

(defun ex-print-display-lines (lines)
  (cond
   ;; String doesn't contain a newline.
   ((not (string-match "\n" lines))
    (message "%s" lines))
   ;; String contains only one newline at the end.  Strip it off.
   ((= (string-match "\n" lines) (1- (length lines)))
    (message "%s" (substring lines 0 -1)))
   ;; String spans more than one line.  Use a temporary buffer.
   (t
    (save-current-buffer
      (with-output-to-temp-buffer " *viper-info*"
        (princ lines))))))





;;; viper-ex.el ends here