1 /* Lock files for editing.
3 Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1994, 1996, 1998-2014
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
7 (according to authors.el)
9 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
11 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
12 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
13 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
14 (at your option) any later version.
16 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
17 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
18 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
19 GNU General Public License for more details.
21 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
22 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
26 #include <sys/types.h>
40 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
41 #endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
48 #include "character.h"
54 #include <sys/socket.h> /* for fcntl */
55 #include "w32.h" /* for dostounix_filename */
62 /* A file whose last-modified time is just after the most recent boot.
63 Define this to be NULL to disable checking for this file. */
64 #ifndef BOOT_TIME_FILE
65 #define BOOT_TIME_FILE "/var/run/random-seed"
69 #define WTMP_FILE "/var/log/wtmp"
72 /* Normally use a symbolic link to represent a lock.
73 The strategy: to lock a file FN, create a symlink .#FN in FN's
74 directory, with link data `user@host.pid'. This avoids a single
75 mount (== failure) point for lock files.
77 When the host in the lock data is the current host, we can check if
78 the pid is valid with kill.
80 Otherwise, we could look at a separate file that maps hostnames to
81 reboot times to see if the remote pid can possibly be valid, since we
82 don't want Emacs to have to communicate via pipes or sockets or
83 whatever to other processes, either locally or remotely; rms says
84 that's too unreliable. Hence the separate file, which could
85 theoretically be updated by daemons running separately -- but this
86 whole idea is unimplemented; in practice, at least in our
87 environment, it seems such stale locks arise fairly infrequently, and
88 Emacs' standard methods of dealing with clashes suffice.
90 We use symlinks instead of normal files because (1) they can be
91 stored more efficiently on the filesystem, since the kernel knows
92 they will be small, and (2) all the info about the lock can be read
93 in a single system call (readlink). Although we could use regular
94 files to be useful on old systems lacking symlinks, nowadays
95 virtually all such systems are probably single-user anyway, so it
96 didn't seem worth the complication.
98 Similarly, we don't worry about a possible 14-character limit on
99 file names, because those are all the same systems that don't have
102 This is compatible with the locking scheme used by Interleaf (which
103 has contributed this implementation for Emacs), and was designed by
104 Ethan Jacobson, Kimbo Mundy, and others.
106 --karl@cs.umb.edu/karl@hq.ileaf.com.
108 On some file systems, notably those of MS-Windows, symbolic links
109 do not work well, so instead of a symlink .#FN -> 'user@host.pid',
110 the lock is a regular file .#FN with contents 'user@host.pid'. To
111 establish a lock, a nonce file is created and then renamed to .#FN.
112 On MS-Windows this renaming is atomic unless the lock is forcibly
113 acquired. On other systems the renaming is atomic if the lock is
114 forcibly acquired; if not, the renaming is done via hard links,
115 which is good enough for lock-file purposes.
117 To summarize, race conditions can occur with either:
119 * Forced locks on MS-Windows systems.
121 * Non-forced locks on non-MS-Windows systems that support neither
122 hard nor symbolic links. */
125 /* Return the time of the last system boot. */
127 static time_t boot_time
;
128 static bool boot_time_initialized
;
131 static void get_boot_time_1 (const char *, bool);
137 #if defined (BOOT_TIME)
141 if (boot_time_initialized
)
143 boot_time_initialized
= 1;
145 #if defined (CTL_KERN) && defined (KERN_BOOTTIME)
149 struct timeval boottime_val
;
152 mib
[1] = KERN_BOOTTIME
;
153 size
= sizeof (boottime_val
);
155 if (sysctl (mib
, 2, &boottime_val
, &size
, NULL
, 0) >= 0)
157 boot_time
= boottime_val
.tv_sec
;
161 #endif /* defined (CTL_KERN) && defined (KERN_BOOTTIME) */
166 if (stat (BOOT_TIME_FILE
, &st
) == 0)
168 boot_time
= st
.st_mtime
;
173 #if defined (BOOT_TIME)
175 /* The utmp routines maintain static state.
176 Don't touch that state unless we are initialized,
177 since it might not survive dumping. */
180 #endif /* not CANNOT_DUMP */
182 /* Try to get boot time from utmp before wtmp,
183 since utmp is typically much smaller than wtmp.
184 Passing a null pointer causes get_boot_time_1
185 to inspect the default file, namely utmp. */
186 get_boot_time_1 (0, 0);
190 /* Try to get boot time from the current wtmp file. */
191 get_boot_time_1 (WTMP_FILE
, 1);
193 /* If we did not find a boot time in wtmp, look at wtmp, and so on. */
194 for (counter
= 0; counter
< 20 && ! boot_time
; counter
++)
196 char cmd_string
[sizeof WTMP_FILE
".19.gz"];
197 Lisp_Object tempname
, filename
;
198 bool delete_flag
= 0;
202 tempname
= make_formatted_string
203 (cmd_string
, "%s.%d", WTMP_FILE
, counter
);
204 if (! NILP (Ffile_exists_p (tempname
)))
208 tempname
= make_formatted_string (cmd_string
, "%s.%d.gz",
210 if (! NILP (Ffile_exists_p (tempname
)))
214 /* The utmp functions on mescaline.gnu.org accept only
215 file names up to 8 characters long. Choose a 2
216 character long prefix, and call make_temp_file with
217 second arg non-zero, so that it will add not more
218 than 6 characters to the prefix. */
219 filename
= Fexpand_file_name (build_string ("wt"),
220 Vtemporary_file_directory
);
221 filename
= make_temp_name (filename
, 1);
222 args
[0] = build_string ("gzip");
224 args
[2] = list2 (QCfile
, filename
);
226 args
[4] = build_string ("-cd");
228 Fcall_process (6, args
);
233 if (! NILP (filename
))
235 get_boot_time_1 (SSDATA (filename
), 1);
237 unlink (SSDATA (filename
));
248 /* Try to get the boot time from wtmp file FILENAME.
249 This succeeds if that file contains a reboot record.
251 If FILENAME is zero, use the same file as before;
252 if no FILENAME has ever been specified, this is the utmp file.
253 Use the newest reboot record if NEWEST,
254 the first reboot record otherwise.
255 Ignore all reboot records on or before BOOT_TIME.
256 Success is indicated by setting BOOT_TIME to a larger value. */
259 get_boot_time_1 (const char *filename
, bool newest
)
261 struct utmp ut
, *utp
;
265 /* On some versions of IRIX, opening a nonexistent file name
266 is likely to crash in the utmp routines. */
267 if (faccessat (AT_FDCWD
, filename
, R_OK
, AT_EACCESS
) != 0)
277 /* Find the next reboot record. */
278 ut
.ut_type
= BOOT_TIME
;
282 /* Compare reboot times and use the newest one. */
283 if (utp
->ut_time
> boot_time
)
285 boot_time
= utp
->ut_time
;
289 /* Advance on element in the file
290 so that getutid won't repeat the same one. */
297 #endif /* BOOT_TIME */
299 /* An arbitrary limit on lock contents length. 8 K should be plenty
300 big enough in practice. */
301 enum { MAX_LFINFO
= 8 * 1024 };
303 /* Here is the structure that stores information about a lock. */
307 /* Location of '@', '.', ':' in USER. If there's no colon, COLON
308 points to the end of USER. */
309 char *at
, *dot
, *colon
;
311 /* Lock file contents USER@HOST.PID with an optional :BOOT_TIME
312 appended. This memory is used as a lock file contents buffer, so
313 it needs room for MAX_LFINFO + 1 bytes. A string " (pid NNNN)"
314 may be appended to the USER@HOST while generating a diagnostic,
315 so make room for its extra bytes (as opposed to ".NNNN") too. */
316 char user
[MAX_LFINFO
+ 1 + sizeof " (pid )" - sizeof "."];
319 /* Write the name of the lock file for FNAME into LOCKNAME. Length
320 will be that of FNAME plus two more for the leading ".#", plus one
322 #define MAKE_LOCK_NAME(lockname, fname) \
323 (lockname = SAFE_ALLOCA (SBYTES (fname) + 2 + 1), \
324 fill_in_lock_file_name (lockname, fname))
327 fill_in_lock_file_name (char *lockfile
, Lisp_Object fn
)
329 char *last_slash
= memrchr (SSDATA (fn
), '/', SBYTES (fn
));
330 char *base
= last_slash
+ 1;
331 ptrdiff_t dirlen
= base
- SSDATA (fn
);
332 memcpy (lockfile
, SSDATA (fn
), dirlen
);
333 lockfile
[dirlen
] = '.';
334 lockfile
[dirlen
+ 1] = '#';
335 strcpy (lockfile
+ dirlen
+ 2, base
);
338 /* For some reason Linux kernels return EPERM on file systems that do
339 not support hard or symbolic links. This symbol documents the quirk.
340 There is no way to tell whether a symlink call fails due to
341 permissions issues or because links are not supported, but luckily
342 the lock file code should work either way. */
343 enum { LINKS_MIGHT_NOT_WORK
= EPERM
};
345 /* Rename OLD to NEW. If FORCE, replace any existing NEW.
346 It is OK if there are temporarily two hard links to OLD.
347 Return 0 if successful, -1 (setting errno) otherwise. */
349 rename_lock_file (char const *old
, char const *new, bool force
)
352 return sys_rename_replace (old
, new, force
);
358 if (link (old
, new) == 0)
359 return unlink (old
) == 0 || errno
== ENOENT
? 0 : -1;
360 if (errno
!= ENOSYS
&& errno
!= LINKS_MIGHT_NOT_WORK
)
363 /* 'link' does not work on this file system. This can occur on
364 a GNU/Linux host mounting a FAT32 file system. Fall back on
365 'rename' after checking that NEW does not exist. There is a
366 potential race condition since some other process may create
367 NEW immediately after the existence check, but it's the best
368 we can portably do here. */
369 if (lstat (new, &st
) == 0 || errno
== EOVERFLOW
)
378 return rename (old
, new);
382 /* Create the lock file LFNAME with contents LOCK_INFO_STR. Return 0 if
383 successful, an errno value on failure. If FORCE, remove any
384 existing LFNAME if necessary. */
387 create_lock_file (char *lfname
, char *lock_info_str
, bool force
)
390 /* Symlinks are supported only by later versions of Windows, and
391 creating them is a privileged operation that often triggers
392 User Account Control elevation prompts. Avoid the problem by
393 pretending that 'symlink' does not work. */
396 int err
= symlink (lock_info_str
, lfname
) == 0 ? 0 : errno
;
399 if (err
== EEXIST
&& force
)
402 err
= symlink (lock_info_str
, lfname
) == 0 ? 0 : errno
;
405 if (err
== ENOSYS
|| err
== LINKS_MIGHT_NOT_WORK
|| err
== ENAMETOOLONG
)
407 static char const nonce_base
[] = ".#-emacsXXXXXX";
408 char *last_slash
= strrchr (lfname
, '/');
409 ptrdiff_t lfdirlen
= last_slash
+ 1 - lfname
;
411 char *nonce
= SAFE_ALLOCA (lfdirlen
+ sizeof nonce_base
);
413 memcpy (nonce
, lfname
, lfdirlen
);
414 strcpy (nonce
+ lfdirlen
, nonce_base
);
416 fd
= mkostemp (nonce
, O_BINARY
| O_CLOEXEC
);
421 ptrdiff_t lock_info_len
;
423 fcntl (fd
, F_SETFD
, FD_CLOEXEC
);
424 lock_info_len
= strlen (lock_info_str
);
426 /* Use 'write', not 'emacs_write', as garbage collection
427 might signal an error, which would leak FD. */
428 if (write (fd
, lock_info_str
, lock_info_len
) != lock_info_len
429 || fchmod (fd
, S_IRUSR
| S_IRGRP
| S_IROTH
) != 0)
431 /* There is no need to call fsync here, as the contents of
432 the lock file need not survive system crashes. */
433 if (emacs_close (fd
) != 0)
435 if (!err
&& rename_lock_file (nonce
, lfname
, force
) != 0)
447 /* Lock the lock file named LFNAME.
448 If FORCE, do so even if it is already locked.
449 Return 0 if successful, an error number on failure. */
452 lock_file_1 (char *lfname
, bool force
)
454 /* Call this first because it can GC. */
455 printmax_t boot
= get_boot_time ();
457 Lisp_Object luser_name
= Fuser_login_name (Qnil
);
458 char const *user_name
= STRINGP (luser_name
) ? SSDATA (luser_name
) : "";
459 Lisp_Object lhost_name
= Fsystem_name ();
460 char const *host_name
= STRINGP (lhost_name
) ? SSDATA (lhost_name
) : "";
461 char lock_info_str
[MAX_LFINFO
+ 1];
462 printmax_t pid
= getpid ();
466 if (sizeof lock_info_str
467 <= snprintf (lock_info_str
, sizeof lock_info_str
,
469 user_name
, host_name
, pid
, boot
))
472 else if (sizeof lock_info_str
473 <= snprintf (lock_info_str
, sizeof lock_info_str
,
475 user_name
, host_name
, pid
))
478 return create_lock_file (lfname
, lock_info_str
, force
);
481 /* Return true if times A and B are no more than one second apart. */
484 within_one_second (time_t a
, time_t b
)
486 return (a
- b
>= -1 && a
- b
<= 1);
489 /* On systems lacking ELOOP, test for an errno value that shouldn't occur. */
494 /* Read the data for the lock file LFNAME into LFINFO. Read at most
495 MAX_LFINFO + 1 bytes. Return the number of bytes read, or -1
496 (setting errno) on error. */
499 read_lock_data (char *lfname
, char lfinfo
[MAX_LFINFO
+ 1])
503 while ((nbytes
= readlinkat (AT_FDCWD
, lfname
, lfinfo
, MAX_LFINFO
+ 1)) < 0
506 int fd
= emacs_open (lfname
, O_RDONLY
| O_BINARY
| O_NOFOLLOW
, 0);
509 /* Use read, not emacs_read, since FD isn't unwind-protected. */
510 ptrdiff_t read_bytes
= read (fd
, lfinfo
, MAX_LFINFO
+ 1);
511 int read_errno
= errno
;
512 if (emacs_close (fd
) != 0)
521 /* readlinkat saw a non-symlink, but emacs_open saw a symlink.
522 The former must have been removed and replaced by the latter.
530 /* Return 0 if nobody owns the lock file LFNAME or the lock is obsolete,
531 1 if another process owns it (and set OWNER (if non-null) to info),
532 2 if the current process owns it,
533 or -1 if something is wrong with the locking mechanism. */
536 current_lock_owner (lock_info_type
*owner
, char *lfname
)
539 lock_info_type local_owner
;
541 intmax_t pid
, boot_time
;
542 char *at
, *dot
, *lfinfo_end
;
544 /* Even if the caller doesn't want the owner info, we still have to
545 read it to determine return value. */
547 owner
= &local_owner
;
549 /* If nonexistent lock file, all is well; otherwise, got strange error. */
550 lfinfolen
= read_lock_data (lfname
, owner
->user
);
552 return errno
== ENOENT
? 0 : -1;
553 if (MAX_LFINFO
< lfinfolen
)
555 owner
->user
[lfinfolen
] = 0;
557 /* Parse USER@HOST.PID:BOOT_TIME. If can't parse, return -1. */
558 /* The USER is everything before the last @. */
559 owner
->at
= at
= memrchr (owner
->user
, '@', lfinfolen
);
562 owner
->dot
= dot
= strrchr (at
, '.');
566 /* The PID is everything from the last `.' to the `:'. */
567 if (! c_isdigit (dot
[1]))
570 pid
= strtoimax (dot
+ 1, &owner
->colon
, 10);
574 /* After the `:', if there is one, comes the boot time. */
575 switch (owner
->colon
[0])
579 lfinfo_end
= owner
->colon
;
583 if (! c_isdigit (owner
->colon
[1]))
585 boot_time
= strtoimax (owner
->colon
+ 1, &lfinfo_end
, 10);
591 if (lfinfo_end
!= owner
->user
+ lfinfolen
)
594 /* On current host? */
595 if (STRINGP (Vsystem_name
)
596 && dot
- (at
+ 1) == SBYTES (Vsystem_name
)
597 && memcmp (at
+ 1, SSDATA (Vsystem_name
), SBYTES (Vsystem_name
)) == 0)
599 if (pid
== getpid ())
600 ret
= 2; /* We own it. */
601 else if (0 < pid
&& pid
<= TYPE_MAXIMUM (pid_t
)
602 && (kill (pid
, 0) >= 0 || errno
== EPERM
)
604 || (boot_time
<= TYPE_MAXIMUM (time_t)
605 && within_one_second (boot_time
, get_boot_time ()))))
606 ret
= 1; /* An existing process on this machine owns it. */
607 /* The owner process is dead or has a strange pid, so try to
610 return unlink (lfname
);
613 { /* If we wanted to support the check for stale locks on remote machines,
614 here's where we'd do it. */
622 /* Lock the lock named LFNAME if possible.
623 Return 0 in that case.
624 Return positive if some other process owns the lock, and info about
625 that process in CLASHER.
626 Return -1 if cannot lock for any other reason. */
629 lock_if_free (lock_info_type
*clasher
, char *lfname
)
632 while ((err
= lock_file_1 (lfname
, 0)) == EEXIST
)
634 switch (current_lock_owner (clasher
, lfname
))
637 return 0; /* We ourselves locked it. */
639 return 1; /* Someone else has it. */
641 return -1; /* current_lock_owner returned strange error. */
644 /* We deleted a stale lock; try again to lock the file. */
650 /* lock_file locks file FN,
651 meaning it serves notice on the world that you intend to edit that file.
652 This should be done only when about to modify a file-visiting
653 buffer previously unmodified.
654 Do not (normally) call this for a buffer already modified,
655 as either the file is already locked, or the user has already
656 decided to go ahead without locking.
658 When this returns, either the lock is locked for us,
659 or lock creation failed,
660 or the user has said to go ahead without locking.
662 If the file is locked by someone else, this calls
663 ask-user-about-lock (a Lisp function) with two arguments,
664 the file name and info about the user who did the locking.
665 This function can signal an error, or return t meaning
666 take away the lock, or return nil meaning ignore the lock. */
669 lock_file (Lisp_Object fn
)
671 Lisp_Object orig_fn
, encoded_fn
;
673 lock_info_type lock_info
;
677 /* Don't do locking if the user has opted out. */
678 if (! create_lockfiles
)
681 /* Don't do locking while dumping Emacs.
682 Uncompressing wtmp files uses call-process, which does not work
683 in an uninitialized Emacs. */
684 if (! NILP (Vpurify_flag
))
689 fn
= Fexpand_file_name (fn
, Qnil
);
691 /* Ensure we have only '/' separators, to avoid problems with
692 looking (inside fill_in_lock_file_name) for backslashes in file
693 names encoded by some DBCS codepage. */
694 dostounix_filename (SSDATA (fn
));
696 encoded_fn
= ENCODE_FILE (fn
);
698 /* Create the name of the lock-file for file fn */
699 MAKE_LOCK_NAME (lfname
, encoded_fn
);
701 /* See if this file is visited and has changed on disk since it was
704 register Lisp_Object subject_buf
;
706 subject_buf
= get_truename_buffer (orig_fn
);
708 if (!NILP (subject_buf
)
709 && NILP (Fverify_visited_file_modtime (subject_buf
))
710 && !NILP (Ffile_exists_p (fn
)))
711 call1 (intern ("ask-user-about-supersession-threat"), fn
);
715 /* Try to lock the lock. */
716 if (0 < lock_if_free (&lock_info
, lfname
))
718 /* Someone else has the lock. Consider breaking it. */
720 char *dot
= lock_info
.dot
;
721 ptrdiff_t pidlen
= lock_info
.colon
- (dot
+ 1);
722 static char const replacement
[] = " (pid ";
723 int replacementlen
= sizeof replacement
- 1;
724 memmove (dot
+ replacementlen
, dot
+ 1, pidlen
);
725 strcpy (dot
+ replacementlen
+ pidlen
, ")");
726 memcpy (dot
, replacement
, replacementlen
);
727 attack
= call2 (intern ("ask-user-about-lock"), fn
,
728 build_string (lock_info
.user
));
729 /* Take the lock if the user said so. */
731 lock_file_1 (lfname
, 1);
739 unlock_file (Lisp_Object fn
)
744 fn
= Fexpand_file_name (fn
, Qnil
);
745 fn
= ENCODE_FILE (fn
);
747 MAKE_LOCK_NAME (lfname
, fn
);
749 if (current_lock_owner (0, lfname
) == 2)
756 unlock_all_files (void)
758 register Lisp_Object tail
, buf
;
759 register struct buffer
*b
;
761 FOR_EACH_LIVE_BUFFER (tail
, buf
)
764 if (STRINGP (BVAR (b
, file_truename
))
765 && BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b
) < BUF_MODIFF (b
))
766 unlock_file (BVAR (b
, file_truename
));
770 DEFUN ("lock-buffer", Flock_buffer
, Slock_buffer
,
772 doc
: /* Lock FILE, if current buffer is modified.
773 FILE defaults to current buffer's visited file,
774 or else nothing is done if current buffer isn't visiting a file.
776 If the option `create-lockfiles' is nil, this does nothing. */)
780 file
= BVAR (current_buffer
, file_truename
);
783 if (SAVE_MODIFF
< MODIFF
789 DEFUN ("unlock-buffer", Funlock_buffer
, Sunlock_buffer
,
791 doc
: /* Unlock the file visited in the current buffer.
792 If the buffer is not modified, this does nothing because the file
793 should not be locked in that case. */)
796 if (SAVE_MODIFF
< MODIFF
797 && STRINGP (BVAR (current_buffer
, file_truename
)))
798 unlock_file (BVAR (current_buffer
, file_truename
));
802 /* Unlock the file visited in buffer BUFFER. */
805 unlock_buffer (struct buffer
*buffer
)
807 if (BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (buffer
) < BUF_MODIFF (buffer
)
808 && STRINGP (BVAR (buffer
, file_truename
)))
809 unlock_file (BVAR (buffer
, file_truename
));
812 DEFUN ("file-locked-p", Ffile_locked_p
, Sfile_locked_p
, 1, 1, 0,
813 doc
: /* Return a value indicating whether FILENAME is locked.
814 The value is nil if the FILENAME is not locked,
815 t if it is locked by you, else a string saying which user has locked it. */)
816 (Lisp_Object filename
)
821 lock_info_type locker
;
824 filename
= Fexpand_file_name (filename
, Qnil
);
826 MAKE_LOCK_NAME (lfname
, filename
);
828 owner
= current_lock_owner (&locker
, lfname
);
834 ret
= make_string (locker
.user
, locker
.at
- locker
.user
);
841 syms_of_filelock (void)
843 DEFVAR_LISP ("temporary-file-directory", Vtemporary_file_directory
,
844 doc
: /* The directory for writing temporary files. */);
845 Vtemporary_file_directory
= Qnil
;
847 DEFVAR_BOOL ("create-lockfiles", create_lockfiles
,
848 doc
: /* Non-nil means use lockfiles to avoid editing collisions. */);
849 create_lockfiles
= 1;
851 defsubr (&Sunlock_buffer
);
852 defsubr (&Slock_buffer
);
853 defsubr (&Sfile_locked_p
);