Fix copyright years and license notices.
[emacs.git] / src / unexec.c
blobe3381d6d6ae048bfd899367c78dca80f0f8e8cae
1 /* Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2001, 2002, 2003,
2 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
6 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
9 (at your option) any later version.
11 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 GNU General Public License for more details.
16 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
21 * unexec.c - Convert a running program into an a.out file.
23 * Author: Spencer W. Thomas
24 * Computer Science Dept.
25 * University of Utah
26 * Date: Tue Mar 2 1982
27 * Modified heavily since then.
29 * Synopsis:
30 * unexec (new_name, a_name, data_start, bss_start, entry_address)
31 * char *new_name, *a_name;
32 * unsigned data_start, bss_start, entry_address;
34 * Takes a snapshot of the program and makes an a.out format file in the
35 * file named by the string argument new_name.
36 * If a_name is non-NULL, the symbol table will be taken from the given file.
37 * On some machines, an existing a_name file is required.
39 * The boundaries within the a.out file may be adjusted with the data_start
40 * and bss_start arguments. Either or both may be given as 0 for defaults.
42 * Data_start gives the boundary between the text segment and the data
43 * segment of the program. The text segment can contain shared, read-only
44 * program code and literal data, while the data segment is always unshared
45 * and unprotected. Data_start gives the lowest unprotected address.
46 * The value you specify may be rounded down to a suitable boundary
47 * as required by the machine you are using.
49 * Specifying zero for data_start means the boundary between text and data
50 * should not be the same as when the program was loaded.
51 * If NO_REMAP is defined, the argument data_start is ignored and the
52 * segment boundaries are never changed.
54 * Bss_start indicates how much of the data segment is to be saved in the
55 * a.out file and restored when the program is executed. It gives the lowest
56 * unsaved address, and is rounded up to a page boundary. The default when 0
57 * is given assumes that the entire data segment is to be stored, including
58 * the previous data and bss as well as any additional storage allocated with
59 * break (2).
61 * The new file is set up to start at entry_address.
63 * If you make improvements I'd like to get them too.
64 * harpo!utah-cs!thomas, thomas@Utah-20
68 /* Modified to support SysVr3 shared libraries by James Van Artsdalen
69 * of Dell Computer Corporation. james@bigtex.cactus.org.
72 /* There are several compilation parameters affecting unexec:
74 * COFF
76 Define this if your system uses COFF for executables.
78 * NO_REMAP
80 Define this if you do not want to try to save Emacs's pure data areas
81 as part of the text segment.
83 Saving them as text is good because it allows users to share more.
85 However, on machines that locate the text area far from the data area,
86 the boundary cannot feasibly be moved. Such machines require
87 NO_REMAP.
89 Also, remapping can cause trouble with the built-in startup routine
90 /lib/crt0.o, which defines `environ' as an initialized variable.
91 Dumping `environ' as pure does not work! So, to use remapping,
92 you must write a startup routine for your machine in Emacs's crt0.c.
93 If NO_REMAP is defined, Emacs uses the system's crt0.o.
95 * SECTION_ALIGNMENT
97 Some machines that use COFF executables require that each section
98 start on a certain boundary *in the COFF file*. Such machines should
99 define SECTION_ALIGNMENT to a mask of the low-order bits that must be
100 zero on such a boundary. This mask is used to control padding between
101 segments in the COFF file.
103 If SECTION_ALIGNMENT is not defined, the segments are written
104 consecutively with no attempt at alignment. This is right for
105 unmodified system V.
107 * SEGMENT_MASK
109 Some machines require that the beginnings and ends of segments
110 *in core* be on certain boundaries. For most machines, a page
111 boundary is sufficient. That is the default. When a larger
112 boundary is needed, define SEGMENT_MASK to a mask of
113 the bits that must be zero on such a boundary.
115 * ADJUST_EXEC_HEADER
117 This macro can be used to generate statements to adjust or
118 initialize nonstandard fields in the file header
122 #ifndef emacs
123 #define PERROR(arg) perror (arg); return -1
124 #else
125 #include <config.h>
126 #define PERROR(file) report_error (file, new)
127 #endif
129 #ifndef CANNOT_DUMP /* all rest of file! */
131 #ifdef HAVE_COFF_H
132 #include <coff.h>
133 #ifdef MSDOS
134 #if __DJGPP__ > 1
135 #include <fcntl.h> /* for O_RDONLY, O_RDWR */
136 #include <crt0.h> /* for _crt0_startup_flags and its bits */
137 static int save_djgpp_startup_flags;
138 #endif /* __DJGPP__ > 1 */
139 #define filehdr external_filehdr
140 #define scnhdr external_scnhdr
141 #define syment external_syment
142 #define auxent external_auxent
143 #define n_numaux e_numaux
144 #define n_type e_type
145 struct aouthdr
147 unsigned short magic; /* type of file */
148 unsigned short vstamp; /* version stamp */
149 unsigned long tsize; /* text size in bytes, padded to FW bdry*/
150 unsigned long dsize; /* initialized data " " */
151 unsigned long bsize; /* uninitialized data " " */
152 unsigned long entry; /* entry pt. */
153 unsigned long text_start;/* base of text used for this file */
154 unsigned long data_start;/* base of data used for this file */
156 #endif /* not MSDOS */
157 #else /* not HAVE_COFF_H */
158 #include <a.out.h>
159 #endif /* not HAVE_COFF_H */
161 /* Define getpagesize if the system does not.
162 Note that this may depend on symbols defined in a.out.h. */
163 #include "getpagesize.h"
165 #ifndef makedev /* Try to detect types.h already loaded */
166 #include <sys/types.h>
167 #endif /* makedev */
168 #include <stdio.h>
169 #include <sys/stat.h>
170 #include <errno.h>
172 #include <sys/file.h>
174 #ifndef O_RDONLY
175 #define O_RDONLY 0
176 #endif
177 #ifndef O_RDWR
178 #define O_RDWR 2
179 #endif
182 extern char *start_of_text (); /* Start of text */
183 extern char *start_of_data (); /* Start of initialized data */
185 static long block_copy_start; /* Old executable start point */
186 static struct filehdr f_hdr; /* File header */
187 static struct aouthdr f_ohdr; /* Optional file header (a.out) */
188 long bias; /* Bias to add for growth */
189 long lnnoptr; /* Pointer to line-number info within file */
190 #define SYMS_START block_copy_start
192 static long text_scnptr;
193 static long data_scnptr;
195 static long coff_offset;
197 static int pagemask;
199 /* Correct an int which is the bit pattern of a pointer to a byte
200 into an int which is the number of a byte.
201 This is a no-op on ordinary machines, but not on all. */
203 #define ADDR_CORRECT(x) ((char *)(x) - (char*)0)
205 #ifdef emacs
207 #include "lisp.h"
209 static
210 report_error (file, fd)
211 char *file;
212 int fd;
214 if (fd)
215 close (fd);
216 report_file_error ("Cannot unexec", Fcons (build_string (file), Qnil));
218 #endif /* emacs */
220 #define ERROR0(msg) report_error_1 (new, msg, 0, 0); return -1
221 #define ERROR1(msg,x) report_error_1 (new, msg, x, 0); return -1
222 #define ERROR2(msg,x,y) report_error_1 (new, msg, x, y); return -1
224 static
225 report_error_1 (fd, msg, a1, a2)
226 int fd;
227 char *msg;
228 int a1, a2;
230 close (fd);
231 #ifdef emacs
232 error (msg, a1, a2);
233 #else
234 fprintf (stderr, msg, a1, a2);
235 fprintf (stderr, "\n");
236 #endif
239 static int make_hdr ();
240 static int copy_text_and_data ();
241 static int copy_sym ();
242 static void mark_x ();
244 /* ****************************************************************
245 * make_hdr
247 * Make the header in the new a.out from the header in core.
248 * Modify the text and data sizes.
250 static int
251 make_hdr (new, a_out, data_start, bss_start, entry_address, a_name, new_name)
252 int new, a_out;
253 unsigned data_start, bss_start, entry_address;
254 char *a_name;
255 char *new_name;
257 int tem;
258 auto struct scnhdr f_thdr; /* Text section header */
259 auto struct scnhdr f_dhdr; /* Data section header */
260 auto struct scnhdr f_bhdr; /* Bss section header */
261 auto struct scnhdr scntemp; /* Temporary section header */
262 register int scns;
263 unsigned int bss_end;
265 pagemask = getpagesize () - 1;
267 /* Adjust text/data boundary. */
268 #ifdef NO_REMAP
269 data_start = (int) start_of_data ();
270 #else /* not NO_REMAP */
271 if (!data_start)
272 data_start = (int) start_of_data ();
273 #endif /* not NO_REMAP */
274 data_start = ADDR_CORRECT (data_start);
276 #ifdef SEGMENT_MASK
277 data_start = data_start & ~SEGMENT_MASK; /* (Down) to segment boundary. */
278 #else
279 data_start = data_start & ~pagemask; /* (Down) to page boundary. */
280 #endif
282 bss_end = ADDR_CORRECT (sbrk (0)) + pagemask;
283 bss_end &= ~ pagemask;
285 /* Adjust data/bss boundary. */
286 if (bss_start != 0)
288 bss_start = (ADDR_CORRECT (bss_start) + pagemask);
289 /* (Up) to page bdry. */
290 bss_start &= ~ pagemask;
291 if (bss_start > bss_end)
293 ERROR1 ("unexec: Specified bss_start (%u) is past end of program",
294 bss_start);
297 else
298 bss_start = bss_end;
300 if (data_start > bss_start) /* Can't have negative data size. */
302 ERROR2 ("unexec: data_start (%u) can't be greater than bss_start (%u)",
303 data_start, bss_start);
306 coff_offset = 0L; /* stays zero, except in DJGPP */
308 /* Salvage as much info from the existing file as possible */
309 if (a_out >= 0)
311 #ifdef MSDOS
312 #if __DJGPP__ > 1
313 /* Support the coff-go32-exe format with a prepended stub, since
314 this is what GCC 2.8.0 and later generates by default in DJGPP. */
315 unsigned short mz_header[3];
317 if (read (a_out, &mz_header, sizeof (mz_header)) != sizeof (mz_header))
319 PERROR (a_name);
321 if (mz_header[0] == 0x5a4d || mz_header[0] == 0x4d5a) /* "MZ" or "ZM" */
323 coff_offset = (long)mz_header[2] * 512L;
324 if (mz_header[1])
325 coff_offset += (long)mz_header[1] - 512L;
326 lseek (a_out, coff_offset, 0);
328 else
329 lseek (a_out, 0L, 0);
330 #endif /* __DJGPP__ > 1 */
331 #endif /* MSDOS */
332 if (read (a_out, &f_hdr, sizeof (f_hdr)) != sizeof (f_hdr))
334 PERROR (a_name);
336 block_copy_start += sizeof (f_hdr);
337 if (f_hdr.f_opthdr > 0)
339 if (read (a_out, &f_ohdr, sizeof (f_ohdr)) != sizeof (f_ohdr))
341 PERROR (a_name);
343 block_copy_start += sizeof (f_ohdr);
345 /* Loop through section headers, copying them in */
346 lseek (a_out, coff_offset + sizeof (f_hdr) + f_hdr.f_opthdr, 0);
347 for (scns = f_hdr.f_nscns; scns > 0; scns--) {
348 if (read (a_out, &scntemp, sizeof (scntemp)) != sizeof (scntemp))
350 PERROR (a_name);
352 if (scntemp.s_scnptr > 0L)
354 if (block_copy_start < scntemp.s_scnptr + scntemp.s_size)
355 block_copy_start = scntemp.s_scnptr + scntemp.s_size;
357 if (strcmp (scntemp.s_name, ".text") == 0)
359 f_thdr = scntemp;
361 else if (strcmp (scntemp.s_name, ".data") == 0)
363 f_dhdr = scntemp;
365 else if (strcmp (scntemp.s_name, ".bss") == 0)
367 f_bhdr = scntemp;
371 else
373 ERROR0 ("can't build a COFF file from scratch yet");
376 /* Now we alter the contents of all the f_*hdr variables
377 to correspond to what we want to dump. */
379 f_hdr.f_flags |= (F_RELFLG | F_EXEC);
380 #ifndef NO_REMAP
381 f_ohdr.text_start = (long) start_of_text ();
382 f_ohdr.tsize = data_start - f_ohdr.text_start;
383 f_ohdr.data_start = data_start;
384 #endif /* NO_REMAP */
385 f_ohdr.dsize = bss_start - f_ohdr.data_start;
386 f_ohdr.bsize = bss_end - bss_start;
387 /* On some machines, the old values are right.
388 ??? Maybe on all machines with NO_REMAP. */
389 f_thdr.s_size = f_ohdr.tsize;
390 f_thdr.s_scnptr = sizeof (f_hdr) + sizeof (f_ohdr);
391 f_thdr.s_scnptr += (f_hdr.f_nscns) * (sizeof (f_thdr));
392 lnnoptr = f_thdr.s_lnnoptr;
393 #ifdef SECTION_ALIGNMENT
394 /* Some systems require special alignment
395 of the sections in the file itself. */
396 f_thdr.s_scnptr
397 = (f_thdr.s_scnptr + SECTION_ALIGNMENT) & ~SECTION_ALIGNMENT;
398 #endif /* SECTION_ALIGNMENT */
399 text_scnptr = f_thdr.s_scnptr;
400 f_dhdr.s_paddr = f_ohdr.data_start;
401 f_dhdr.s_vaddr = f_ohdr.data_start;
402 f_dhdr.s_size = f_ohdr.dsize;
403 f_dhdr.s_scnptr = f_thdr.s_scnptr + f_thdr.s_size;
404 #ifdef SECTION_ALIGNMENT
405 /* Some systems require special alignment
406 of the sections in the file itself. */
407 f_dhdr.s_scnptr
408 = (f_dhdr.s_scnptr + SECTION_ALIGNMENT) & ~SECTION_ALIGNMENT;
409 #endif /* SECTION_ALIGNMENT */
410 #ifdef DATA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT
411 /* Some systems require special alignment
412 of the data section only. */
413 f_dhdr.s_scnptr
414 = (f_dhdr.s_scnptr + DATA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT) & ~DATA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT;
415 #endif /* DATA_SECTION_ALIGNMENT */
416 data_scnptr = f_dhdr.s_scnptr;
417 f_bhdr.s_paddr = f_ohdr.data_start + f_ohdr.dsize;
418 f_bhdr.s_vaddr = f_ohdr.data_start + f_ohdr.dsize;
419 f_bhdr.s_size = f_ohdr.bsize;
420 f_bhdr.s_scnptr = 0L;
421 bias = f_dhdr.s_scnptr + f_dhdr.s_size - block_copy_start;
423 if (f_hdr.f_symptr > 0L)
425 f_hdr.f_symptr += bias;
428 if (f_thdr.s_lnnoptr > 0L)
430 f_thdr.s_lnnoptr += bias;
433 #ifdef ADJUST_EXEC_HEADER
434 ADJUST_EXEC_HEADER;
435 #endif /* ADJUST_EXEC_HEADER */
437 if (write (new, &f_hdr, sizeof (f_hdr)) != sizeof (f_hdr))
439 PERROR (new_name);
442 if (write (new, &f_ohdr, sizeof (f_ohdr)) != sizeof (f_ohdr))
444 PERROR (new_name);
447 if (write (new, &f_thdr, sizeof (f_thdr)) != sizeof (f_thdr))
449 PERROR (new_name);
452 if (write (new, &f_dhdr, sizeof (f_dhdr)) != sizeof (f_dhdr))
454 PERROR (new_name);
457 if (write (new, &f_bhdr, sizeof (f_bhdr)) != sizeof (f_bhdr))
459 PERROR (new_name);
462 return (0);
466 write_segment (new, ptr, end)
467 int new;
468 register char *ptr, *end;
470 register int i, nwrite, ret;
471 char buf[80];
472 #ifndef USE_CRT_DLL
473 extern int errno;
474 #endif
475 /* This is the normal amount to write at once.
476 It is the size of block that NFS uses. */
477 int writesize = 1 << 13;
478 int pagesize = getpagesize ();
479 char zeros[1 << 13];
481 bzero (zeros, sizeof (zeros));
483 for (i = 0; ptr < end;)
485 /* Distance to next multiple of writesize. */
486 nwrite = (((int) ptr + writesize) & -writesize) - (int) ptr;
487 /* But not beyond specified end. */
488 if (nwrite > end - ptr) nwrite = end - ptr;
489 ret = write (new, ptr, nwrite);
490 /* If write gets a page fault, it means we reached
491 a gap between the old text segment and the old data segment.
492 This gap has probably been remapped into part of the text segment.
493 So write zeros for it. */
494 if (ret == -1
495 #ifdef EFAULT
496 && errno == EFAULT
497 #endif
500 /* Write only a page of zeros at once,
501 so that we we don't overshoot the start
502 of the valid memory in the old data segment. */
503 if (nwrite > pagesize)
504 nwrite = pagesize;
505 write (new, zeros, nwrite);
507 #if 0 /* Now that we have can ask `write' to write more than a page,
508 it is legit for write do less than the whole amount specified. */
509 else if (nwrite != ret)
511 sprintf (buf,
512 "unexec write failure: addr 0x%x, fileno %d, size 0x%x, wrote 0x%x, errno %d",
513 ptr, new, nwrite, ret, errno);
514 PERROR (buf);
516 #endif
517 i += nwrite;
518 ptr += nwrite;
521 /* ****************************************************************
522 * copy_text_and_data
524 * Copy the text and data segments from memory to the new a.out
526 static int
527 copy_text_and_data (new, a_out)
528 int new, a_out;
530 register char *end;
531 register char *ptr;
533 #ifdef MSDOS
534 #if __DJGPP__ >= 2
535 /* Dump the original table of exception handlers, not the one
536 where our exception hooks are registered. */
537 __djgpp_exception_toggle ();
539 /* Switch off startup flags that might have been set at runtime
540 and which might change the way that dumped Emacs works. */
541 save_djgpp_startup_flags = _crt0_startup_flags;
542 _crt0_startup_flags &= ~(_CRT0_FLAG_NO_LFN | _CRT0_FLAG_NEARPTR);
543 #endif
544 #endif
546 lseek (new, (long) text_scnptr, 0);
547 ptr = (char *) f_ohdr.text_start;
548 end = ptr + f_ohdr.tsize;
549 write_segment (new, ptr, end);
551 lseek (new, (long) data_scnptr, 0);
552 ptr = (char *) f_ohdr.data_start;
553 end = ptr + f_ohdr.dsize;
554 write_segment (new, ptr, end);
556 #ifdef MSDOS
557 #if __DJGPP__ >= 2
558 /* Restore our exception hooks. */
559 __djgpp_exception_toggle ();
561 /* Restore the startup flags. */
562 _crt0_startup_flags = save_djgpp_startup_flags;
563 #endif
564 #endif
567 return 0;
570 /* ****************************************************************
571 * copy_sym
573 * Copy the relocation information and symbol table from the a.out to the new
575 static int
576 copy_sym (new, a_out, a_name, new_name)
577 int new, a_out;
578 char *a_name, *new_name;
580 char page[1024];
581 int n;
583 if (a_out < 0)
584 return 0;
586 if (SYMS_START == 0L)
587 return 0;
589 if (lnnoptr) /* if there is line number info */
590 lseek (a_out, coff_offset + lnnoptr, 0); /* start copying from there */
591 else
592 lseek (a_out, coff_offset + SYMS_START, 0); /* Position a.out to symtab. */
594 while ((n = read (a_out, page, sizeof page)) > 0)
596 if (write (new, page, n) != n)
598 PERROR (new_name);
601 if (n < 0)
603 PERROR (a_name);
605 return 0;
608 /* ****************************************************************
609 * mark_x
611 * After successfully building the new a.out, mark it executable
613 static void
614 mark_x (name)
615 char *name;
617 struct stat sbuf;
618 int um;
619 int new = 0; /* for PERROR */
621 um = umask (777);
622 umask (um);
623 if (stat (name, &sbuf) == -1)
625 PERROR (name);
627 sbuf.st_mode |= 0111 & ~um;
628 if (chmod (name, sbuf.st_mode) == -1)
629 PERROR (name);
632 #ifndef COFF_BSD_SYMBOLS
635 * If the COFF file contains a symbol table and a line number section,
636 * then any auxiliary entries that have values for x_lnnoptr must
637 * be adjusted by the amount that the line number section has moved
638 * in the file (bias computed in make_hdr). The #@$%&* designers of
639 * the auxiliary entry structures used the absolute file offsets for
640 * the line number entry rather than an offset from the start of the
641 * line number section!
643 * When I figure out how to scan through the symbol table and pick out
644 * the auxiliary entries that need adjustment, this routine will
645 * be fixed. As it is now, all such entries are wrong and sdb
646 * will complain. Fred Fish, UniSoft Systems Inc.
649 /* This function is probably very slow. Instead of reopening the new
650 file for input and output it should copy from the old to the new
651 using the two descriptors already open (WRITEDESC and READDESC).
652 Instead of reading one small structure at a time it should use
653 a reasonable size buffer. But I don't have time to work on such
654 things, so I am installing it as submitted to me. -- RMS. */
656 adjust_lnnoptrs (writedesc, readdesc, new_name)
657 int writedesc;
658 int readdesc;
659 char *new_name;
661 register int nsyms;
662 register int new;
663 struct syment symentry;
664 union auxent auxentry;
666 if (!lnnoptr || !f_hdr.f_symptr)
667 return 0;
669 #ifdef MSDOS
670 if ((new = writedesc) < 0)
671 #else
672 if ((new = open (new_name, O_RDWR)) < 0)
673 #endif
675 PERROR (new_name);
676 return -1;
679 lseek (new, f_hdr.f_symptr, 0);
680 for (nsyms = 0; nsyms < f_hdr.f_nsyms; nsyms++)
682 read (new, &symentry, SYMESZ);
683 if (symentry.n_numaux)
685 read (new, &auxentry, AUXESZ);
686 nsyms++;
687 if (ISFCN (symentry.n_type) || symentry.n_type == 0x2400)
689 auxentry.x_sym.x_fcnary.x_fcn.x_lnnoptr += bias;
690 lseek (new, -AUXESZ, 1);
691 write (new, &auxentry, AUXESZ);
695 #ifndef MSDOS
696 close (new);
697 #endif
698 return 0;
701 #endif /* COFF_BSD_SYMBOLS */
703 /* ****************************************************************
704 * unexec
706 * driving logic.
708 unexec (new_name, a_name, data_start, bss_start, entry_address)
709 char *new_name, *a_name;
710 unsigned data_start, bss_start, entry_address;
712 int new, a_out = -1;
714 if (a_name && (a_out = open (a_name, O_RDONLY)) < 0)
716 PERROR (a_name);
718 if ((new = creat (new_name, 0666)) < 0)
720 PERROR (new_name);
723 if (make_hdr (new, a_out, data_start, bss_start, entry_address, a_name, new_name) < 0
724 || copy_text_and_data (new, a_out) < 0
725 || copy_sym (new, a_out, a_name, new_name) < 0
726 #ifndef COFF_BSD_SYMBOLS
727 || adjust_lnnoptrs (new, a_out, new_name) < 0
728 #endif
731 close (new);
732 /* unlink (new_name); /* Failed, unlink new a.out */
733 return -1;
736 close (new);
737 if (a_out >= 0)
738 close (a_out);
739 mark_x (new_name);
740 return 0;
743 #endif /* not CANNOT_DUMP */
745 /* arch-tag: 62409b69-e27a-4a7c-9413-0210d6b54e7f
746 (do not change this comment) */