lisp/language/indian.el

   1 ;;; indian.el --- Support for Indian Languages -*- coding: iso-2022-7bit; -*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   4
   5 ;; Author: KAWABATA, Taichi <kawabata@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
   6
   7 ;; Keywords: multilingual, Indian
   8
   9 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
  10
  11 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  12 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  13 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  14 ;; any later version.
  15
  16 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  17 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  18 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  19 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  20
  21 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  22 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  23 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  24 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  25
  26 ;;; Commentary:
  27
  28 ;; History:
  29 ;; 1996.10.18 written by KAWABATA, Taichi <kawabata@is.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
  30
  31 ;; For Indian, the character set IS 13194 is supported.
  32 ;;
  33 ;; IS 13194 does not specifically assign glyphs for each characters.
  34 ;; Following code is not specific to each Indian language.
  35 ;;
  36 ;; Eventually, this code will support generic information about
  37 ;; following scripts.
  38 ;;
  39 ;;    Devanagari
  40 ;;    Bengali
  41 ;;    Gurmukhi
  42 ;;    Gujarati
  43 ;;    Oriya
  44 ;;    Tamil
  45 ;;    Telgu
  46 ;;    Kannada
  47 ;;    Malayalam
  48 ;;
  49 ;; In this file, charsets other than charset-ascii and charset-indian-is13194
  50 ;; should not be used except in the comment.
  51
  52 ;;; Code:
  53
  54 ;;  Followings are what you see when you refer to the Emacs
  55 ;;  representations of IS 13194 charcters.  However, this is merely
  56 ;;  tentative apperance, and you must convert them by
  57 ;;  indian-to-xxxxxx(specific script) function to use them.
  58 ;;  Devanagari is not an exception of this rule.
  59
  60 ;;     0xa0 //\e(5!"#$%&'()*+,-./\e(B
  61 ;;     0xb0 \e(50123456789:;<=>?\e(B
  62 ;;     0xc0 \e(5@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\e(B
  63 ;;     0xd0 \e(5PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_\e(B
  64 ;;     0xe0 \e(5`abcdefghijklmno\e(B
  65 ;;     0xf0 \e(5pqrstuvwxyz{|}~\e(B//
  66
  67 ;; Note - In IS 13194, several symbols are obtained by special
  68 ;; combination of several characters and Nukta sign.
  69 ;;
  70 ;;   Sanskrit Vowel R  -> \e(5*\e(B + \e(5i\e(B
  71 ;;   Sanskrit Vowel L  -> \e(5&\e(B + \e(5i\e(B
  72 ;;   Sanskrit Vowel LL -> \e(5'\e(B + \e(5i\e(B
  73 ;;   Sanskrit Avagrah  -> \e(5j\e(B + \e(5i\e(B
  74 ;;   OM                -> \e(5!\e(B + \e(5i\e(B
  75 ;;
  76 ;; Note - IS 13194 defines ATR(0xEF) and EXT(0xF0), but they are
  77 ;; not used in Emacs.
  78 ;;
  79 ;; Note - the above characters DO NOT represent any script.  For
  80 ;; example, if you want to obtain Devanagari character, you must do
  81 ;; something like the following.
  82 ;;
  83 ;;   (char-to-string (indian-to-devanagari ?\e(5$\e(B))
  84 ;;   "\e$(5!$\e(B"
  85
  86 ;;; ITRANS
  87 ;;
  88 ;; ITRANS is one of the most popular method to exchange indian scripts
  89 ;; electronically.  Here is the table to convert between ITRANS code and
  90 ;; IS 13194 code.
  91
  92 (defvar indian-itrans-consonant-alist
  93   '(
  94     ("k" . "\e(53\e(B")
  95     ("kh" . "\e(54\e(B")
  96     ("g" . "\e(55\e(B")
  97     ("gh" . "\e(56\e(B")
  98     ("N^" . "\e(57\e(B")
  99     ("ch" . "\e(58\e(B")
 100     ("chh" . "\e(59\e(B")
 101     ("j" . "\e(5:\e(B")
 102     ("jh" . "\e(5;\e(B")
 103     ("JN" . "\e(5<\e(B")
 104     ("T" . "\e(5=\e(B")
 105     ("Th" . "\e(5>\e(B")
 106     ("D" . "\e(5?\e(B")
 107     ("Dh" . "\e(5@\e(B")
 108     ("N" . "\e(5A\e(B")
 109     ("t" . "\e(5B\e(B")
 110     ("th" . "\e(5C\e(B")
 111     ("d" . "\e(5D\e(B")
 112     ("dh" . "\e(5E\e(B")
 113     ("n" . "\e(5F\e(B")
 114     ("nh" . "\e(5G\e(B")     ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
 115     ("p" . "\e(5H\e(B")
 116     ("ph" . "\e(5I\e(B")
 117     ("b" . "\e(5J\e(B")
 118     ("bh" . "\e(5K\e(B")
 119     ("m" . "\e(5L\e(B")
 120     ("y" . "\e(5M\e(B")
 121     ("yh" . "\e(5N\e(B")      ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
 122     ("r" . "\e(5O\e(B")
 123     ("rh" . "\e(5P\e(B")      ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
 124     ("l" . "\e(5Q\e(B")
 125     ("v" . "\e(5T\e(B")
 126     ("sh" . "\e(5U\e(B")
 127     ("shh" . "\e(5V\e(B")
 128     ("s" . "\e(5W\e(B")
 129     ("h" . "\e(5X\e(B")
 130     ("ld" . "\e(5R\e(B")
 131     ("L" . "\e(5R\e(B")
 132     ("ksh" . "\e$(5!3!h!V\e(B")
 133     ("GY" . "***GY***")  ; Must check out later.
 134     ;; special consonants
 135     ("q" . "\e(53i\e(B")
 136     ("K" . "\e(54i\e(B")
 137     ("G" . "\e(55i\e(B")
 138     ("z" . "\e(5:i\e(B")
 139     ("f" . "\e(5Ii\e(B")
 140     (".D" . "\e(5?i\e(B")
 141     (".Dh" . "\e(5@i\e(B")
 142   ))
 143
 144 (defvar indian-itrans-vowel-sign-alist
 145   '(
 146     ;; Special treatment unique to IS 13194 Transliteration
 147     ("" . "\e(5h\e(B")
 148     ("a" . "")
 149     ;; Matra (Vowel Sign)
 150     ("aa" . "\e(5Z\e(B")
 151     ("A" . "\e(5Z\e(B")
 152     ("i" . "\e(5[\e(B")
 153     ("ii" . "\e(5\\e(B")
 154     ("I" . "\e(5\\e(B")
 155     ("u" . "\e(5]\e(B")
 156     ("uu" . "\e(5^\e(B")
 157     ("U" . "\e(5^\e(B")
 158     ("R^i" . "\e(5_\e(B")     ; These must be checked out later.
 159     ("R^I" . "\e(5_i\e(B")
 160     ("L^i" . "\e(5[i\e(B")
 161     ("L^I" . "\e(5\i\e(B")
 162     ("E" . "\e(5`\e(B")       ; For transcription of non-Devanangri Languages.
 163     ("e" . "\e(5a\e(B")
 164     ("ai" . "\e(5b\e(B")
 165     ;; ("e.c" . "\e(5c\e(B")     ; Tentatively suppressed.
 166     ("O" . "\e(5d\e(B")       ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
 167     ("o" . "\e(5e\e(B")
 168     ("au" . "\e(5f\e(B")
 169     ;; ("o.c" . "\e(5g\e(B")     ; Tentatively suppressed.
 170     ))
 171
 172 ;;
 173 ;; Independent vowels and other signs.
 174 ;;
 175
 176 (defvar indian-itrans-other-letters-alist
 177   '(
 178     ("a" . "\e(5$\e(B")
 179     ("aa" . "\e(5%\e(B")
 180     ("A" . "\e(5%\e(B")
 181     ("i" . "\e(5&\e(B")
 182     ("ii" . "\e(5'\e(B")
 183     ("I" . "\e(5'\e(B")
 184     ("u" . "\e(5(\e(B")
 185     ("uu" . "\e(5)\e(B")
 186     ("U" . "\e(5)\e(B")
 187     ("R^i" . "\e(5*\e(B")
 188     ("R^I" . "\e(5*i\e(B")
 189     ("L^i" . "\e(5&i\e(B")
 190     ("L^I" . "\e(5'i\e(B")
 191     ("E" . "\e(5+\e(B")   ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
 192     ("e" . "\e(5,\e(B")
 193     ("ai" . "\e(5-\e(B")
 194     ;; ("e.c" . "\e(5.\e(B")      ; Candra E
 195     ("O" . "\e(5/\e(B")   ; For transcription of non-Devanagari Languages.
 196     ("o" . "\e(50\e(B")
 197     ("au" . "\e(51\e(B")
 198     ;; ("o.c" . "\e(52\e(B")      ; Candra O
 199     ("M" . "\e(5$\e(B")
 200     ("H" . "\e(5#\e(B")
 201     ("AUM" . "\e(5!i\e(B")
 202     ("OM" . "\e(5!i\e(B")
 203     (".r" . "\e(5Oh\e(B")
 204     (".n" . "\e(5"\e(B")
 205     (".N" . "\e(5!\e(B")
 206     (".h" . "\e(5h\e(B")        ; Halant
 207     (".." . "\e(5j\e(B")
 208     (".a" . "\e(5ji\e(B")      ; Avagrah
 209     ("0" . "\e(5q\e(B")
 210     ("1" . "\e(5r\e(B")
 211     ("2" . "\e(5s\e(B")
 212     ("3" . "\e(5t\e(B")
 213     ("4" . "\e(5u\e(B")
 214     ("5" . "\e(5v\e(B")
 215     ("6" . "\e(5w\e(B")
 216     ("7" . "\e(5x\e(B")
 217     ("8" . "\e(5y\e(B")
 218     ("9" . "\e(5z\e(B")
 219     ))
 220
 221 ;; Regular expression matching single Indian character represented
 222 ;; by ITRANS.
 223
 224 (defvar indian-itrans-regexp
 225   (let ((consonant "\\([cs]hh?\\)\\|[kgjTDnpbyr]h?\\|\\(N\\^?\\)\\|\\(jN\\)\\|[mvqKGzfs]\\|\\(ld?\\)\\|\\(ksh\\)\\|\\(GY\\)\\|\\(\\.Dh?\\)")
 226         (vowel "\\(a[aiu]\\)\\|\\(ii\\)\\|\\(uu\\)\\|\\([RL]\\^[iI]\\)\\|[AIEOeoaiu]")
 227         (misc "[MH0-9]\\|\\(AUM\\)\\|\\(OM\\)\\|\\(\\.[rnNh\\.a]\\)")
 228         (lpre "\\(") (rpre "\\)") (orre "\\|"))
 229     (concat lpre misc rpre orre
 230             lpre lpre consonant rpre "?" lpre vowel rpre rpre orre
 231             lpre consonant rpre )))
 232
 233 ;;
 234 ;; Regular expression matching single ITRANS unit for IS 13194 characters.
 235 ;;
 236
 237 (defvar itrans-indian-regexp
 238   (let ((vowel "[\e(5$\e(B-\e(52\e(B]")
 239         (consonant "[\e(53\e(B-\e(5X\e(B]")
 240         (matra "[\e(5Z\e(B-\e(5g\e(B]")
 241         (misc "[\e(5q\e(B-\e(5z\e(B]")
 242         (lpre "\\(") (rpre "\\)") (orre "\\|"))
 243     (concat misc orre
 244             lpre consonant matra "?" rpre orre
 245             vowel)))
 246
 247 ;;
 248 ;; IS13194 - ITRANS conversion table for string matching above regexp.
 249 ;;
 250
 251 (defvar indian-itrans-alist
 252   (let ((cl indian-itrans-consonant-alist)
 253         (ml indian-itrans-other-letters-alist) rules)
 254           (while cl
 255             (let ((vl indian-itrans-vowel-sign-alist))
 256               (while vl
 257                 (setq rules
 258                       (cons (cons (concat (car (car cl)) (car (car vl)))
 259                                   (concat (cdr (car cl)) (cdr (car vl))))
 260                             rules))
 261                 (setq vl (cdr vl))))
 262             (setq cl (cdr cl)))
 263           (while ml
 264             (setq rules (cons (cons (car (car ml))
 265                                     (cdr (car ml)))
 266                               rules))
 267             (setq ml (cdr ml)))
 268           rules))
 269
 270 ;;
 271 ;; Utility program to convert from ITRANS to IS 13194 in specified region.
 272 ;;
 273
 274 (defun indian-decode-itrans-region (from to)
 275   "Convert `ITRANS' mnemonics of the current region to Indian characters.
 276 When called from a program, expects two arguments,
 277 positions (integers or markers) specifying the stretch of the region."
 278   (interactive "r")
 279   (save-restriction
 280     (narrow-to-region from to)
 281     (goto-char (point-min))
 282     (while (re-search-forward indian-itrans-regexp nil t)
 283       (let* ((itrans (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)))
 284              (ch (cdr (assoc itrans indian-itrans-alist))))
 285         (if ch
 286             (progn
 287               (delete-region (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))
 288               (insert ch)))))
 289     (goto-char (point-min))
 290     (while (re-search-forward "\\(\e(5h\e(B\\)[^\\c0]" nil t)
 291       (delete-region (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
 292
 293 ;;
 294 ;; Utility program to convert from IS 13194 to ITRANS in specified region.
 295 ;;
 296
 297 (defun indian-encode-itrans-region (from to)
 298   "Convert indian region to ITRANS mnemonics."
 299   (interactive "r")
 300   (save-restriction
 301     (narrow-to-region from to)
 302     (goto-char (point-min))
 303     (while (re-search-forward itrans-indian-regexp nil t)
 304       (let* ((indian (buffer-substring (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0)))
 305              (ch (car (rassoc indian indian-itrans-alist))))
 306         (if ch
 307             (progn
 308               (delete-region (match-beginning 0) (match-end 0))
 309               (insert ch)))))
 310     (goto-char (point-min))))
 311
 312 ;;; indian.el ends here