*** empty log message ***

[emacs.git] / src / sysdep.c

/* Interfaces to system-dependent kernel and library entries.
   Copyright (C) 1985, 86,87,88,93,94,95, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GNU Emacs.

GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */


#include <config.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#include "lisp.h"
#include "blockinput.h"
#undef NULL

#ifdef macintosh
#ifdef __MRC__
__sigfun sys_signal (int signal, __sigfun signal_func);
#elif __MWERKS__
__signal_func_ptr sys_signal (int signal, __signal_func_ptr signal_func);
#else
You lose!!!
#endif
#ifndef subprocesses
/* Nonzero means delete a process right away if it exits (process.c).  */
static int delete_exited_processes;
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_X_WINDOWS
/* Search path for bitmap files (xfns.c).  */
Lisp_Object Vx_bitmap_file_path;
#endif
#endif  /* macintosh */

#define min(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (y) : (x))

#ifdef WINDOWSNT
#define read sys_read
#define write sys_write
#include <windows.h>
#ifndef NULL
#define NULL 0
#endif
#endif /* not WINDOWSNT */

/* Does anyone other than VMS need this? */
#ifndef fwrite
#define sys_fwrite fwrite
#else
#undef fwrite
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_H_ERRNO
extern int h_errno;
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>

/* Get _POSIX_VDISABLE, if it is available.  */
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SETPGID
#if !defined (USG) || defined (BSD_PGRPS)
#undef setpgrp
#define setpgrp setpgid
#endif
#endif

/* Get SI_SRPC_DOMAIN, if it is available.  */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SYSTEMINFO_H
#include <sys/systeminfo.h>
#endif

#ifdef MSDOS    /* Demacs 1.1.2 91/10/20 Manabu Higashida, MW Aug 1993 */
#include <dos.h>
#include "dosfns.h"
#include "msdos.h"
#include <sys/param.h>

#if __DJGPP__ > 1
extern int etext;
extern unsigned start __asm__ ("start");
#endif
#endif

#ifndef USE_CRT_DLL
#ifndef errno
extern int errno;
#endif
#endif

#ifdef VMS
#include <rms.h>
#include <ttdef.h>
#include <tt2def.h>
#include <iodef.h>
#include <ssdef.h>
#include <descrip.h>
#include <fibdef.h>
#include <atrdef.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef __GNUC__
#include <sys/file.h>
#else
#include <file.h>
#endif
#undef F_SETFL
#ifndef RAB$C_BID
#include <rab.h>
#endif
#define MAXIOSIZE (32 * PAGESIZE) /* Don't I/O more than 32 blocks at a time */
#endif /* VMS */

#ifndef BSD4_1
#ifdef BSD_SYSTEM /* avoid writing defined (BSD_SYSTEM) || defined (USG)
              because the vms compiler doesn't grok `defined' */
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#ifdef USG
#ifndef USG5
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#endif
#endif /* not 4.1 bsd */

#ifndef MSDOS
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif

#include "systty.h"
#include "syswait.h"

#ifdef BROKEN_TIOCGWINSZ
#undef TIOCGWINSZ
#undef TIOCSWINSZ
#endif

#if defined (USG) || defined (DGUX)
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifndef MEMORY_IN_STRING_H
#include <memory.h>
#endif
#if defined (TIOCGWINSZ) || defined (ISC4_0)
#ifdef NEED_SIOCTL
#include <sys/sioctl.h>
#endif
#ifdef NEED_PTEM_H
#include <sys/stream.h>
#include <sys/ptem.h>
#endif
#endif /* TIOCGWINSZ or ISC4_0 */
#endif /* USG or DGUX */

extern int quit_char;

#include "keyboard.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "window.h"
#include "termhooks.h"
#include "termchar.h"
#include "termopts.h"
#include "dispextern.h"
#include "process.h"

#ifdef WINDOWSNT
#include <direct.h>
/* In process.h which conflicts with the local copy.  */
#define _P_WAIT 0
int _CRTAPI1 _spawnlp (int, const char *, const char *, ...);
int _CRTAPI1 _getpid (void);
#endif

#ifdef NONSYSTEM_DIR_LIBRARY
#include "ndir.h"
#endif /* NONSYSTEM_DIR_LIBRARY */

#include "syssignal.h"
#include "systime.h"
#ifdef HAVE_UTIME_H
#include <utime.h>
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_UTIMES
#ifndef HAVE_STRUCT_UTIMBUF
/* We want to use utime rather than utimes, but we couldn't find the
   structure declaration.  We'll use the traditional one.  */
struct utimbuf {
  long actime;
  long modtime;
};
#endif
#endif

/* LPASS8 is new in 4.3, and makes cbreak mode provide all 8 bits.  */
#ifndef LPASS8
#define LPASS8 0
#endif

#ifdef BSD4_1
#define LNOFLSH 0100000
#endif

static int baud_convert[] =
#ifdef BAUD_CONVERT
  BAUD_CONVERT;
#else
  {
    0, 50, 75, 110, 135, 150, 200, 300, 600, 1200,
    1800, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
  };
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SPEED_T
#include <termios.h>
extern speed_t ospeed;
#else
#if defined (HAVE_LIBNCURSES) && ! defined (NCURSES_OSPEED_T)
extern short ospeed;
#else
#if defined (HAVE_TERMIOS_H) && defined (LINUX)
#include <termios.h>
/* HJL's version of libc is said to need this on the Alpha.
   On the other hand, DEC OSF1 on the Alpha needs ospeed to be a short.  */
extern speed_t ospeed;
#else
extern short ospeed;
#endif
#endif
#endif

/* The file descriptor for Emacs's input terminal.
   Under Unix, this is normally zero except when using X;
   under VMS, we place the input channel number here.  */
int input_fd;

void croak P_ ((char *));

#ifdef AIXHFT
void hft_init ();
void hft_reset ();
#endif

/* Temporary used by `sigblock' when defined in terms of signprocmask.  */

SIGMASKTYPE sigprocmask_set;

\f
/* Specify a different file descriptor for further input operations.  */

void
change_input_fd (fd)
     int fd;
{
  input_fd = fd;
}

/* Discard pending input on descriptor input_fd.  */

void
discard_tty_input ()
{
#ifndef WINDOWSNT
  struct emacs_tty buf;

  if (noninteractive)
    return;

  /* Discarding input is not safe when the input could contain
     replies from the X server.  So don't do it.  */
  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

#ifdef VMS
  end_kbd_input ();
  SYS$QIOW (0, input_fd, IO$_READVBLK|IO$M_PURGE, input_iosb, 0, 0,
            &buf.main, 0, 0, terminator_mask, 0, 0);
  queue_kbd_input ();
#else /* not VMS */
#ifdef APOLLO
  {
    int zero = 0;
    ioctl (input_fd, TIOCFLUSH, &zero);
  }
#else /* not Apollo */
#ifdef MSDOS    /* Demacs 1.1.1 91/10/16 HIRANO Satoshi */
  while (dos_keyread () != -1)
    ;
#else /* not MSDOS */
  EMACS_GET_TTY (input_fd, &buf);
  EMACS_SET_TTY (input_fd, &buf, 0);
#endif /* not MSDOS */
#endif /* not Apollo */
#endif /* not VMS */
#endif /* not WINDOWSNT */
}

#ifdef SIGTSTP

/* Arrange for character C to be read as the next input from
   the terminal.  */

void
stuff_char (c)
     char c;
{
  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

/* Should perhaps error if in batch mode */
#ifdef TIOCSTI
  ioctl (input_fd, TIOCSTI, &c);
#else /* no TIOCSTI */
  error ("Cannot stuff terminal input characters in this version of Unix");
#endif /* no TIOCSTI */
}

#endif /* SIGTSTP */
\f
void
init_baud_rate ()
{
  if (noninteractive)
    ospeed = 0;
  else
    {
#ifdef INIT_BAUD_RATE
      INIT_BAUD_RATE ();
#else
#ifdef DOS_NT
    ospeed = 15;
#else  /* not DOS_NT */
#ifdef VMS
      struct sensemode sg;

      SYS$QIOW (0, input_fd, IO$_SENSEMODE, &sg, 0, 0,
                &sg.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
      ospeed = sg.xmit_baud;
#else /* not VMS */
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS
      struct termios sg;

      sg.c_cflag = B9600;
      tcgetattr (input_fd, &sg);
      ospeed = cfgetospeed (&sg);
#if defined (USE_GETOBAUD) && defined (getobaud)
      /* m88k-motorola-sysv3 needs this (ghazi@noc.rutgers.edu) 9/1/94. */
      if (ospeed == 0)
        ospeed = getobaud (sg.c_cflag);
#endif
#else /* neither VMS nor TERMIOS */
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO
      struct termio sg;

      sg.c_cflag = B9600;
#ifdef HAVE_TCATTR
      tcgetattr (input_fd, &sg);
#else
      ioctl (input_fd, TCGETA, &sg);
#endif
      ospeed = sg.c_cflag & CBAUD;
#else /* neither VMS nor TERMIOS nor TERMIO */
      struct sgttyb sg;
      
      sg.sg_ospeed = B9600;
      if (ioctl (input_fd, TIOCGETP, &sg) < 0)
        abort ();
      ospeed = sg.sg_ospeed;
#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIO */
#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIOS */
#endif /* not VMS */
#endif /* not DOS_NT */
#endif /* not INIT_BAUD_RATE */
    }
   
  baud_rate = (ospeed < sizeof baud_convert / sizeof baud_convert[0]
               ? baud_convert[ospeed] : 9600);
  if (baud_rate == 0)
    baud_rate = 1200;
}

/*ARGSUSED*/
void
set_exclusive_use (fd)
     int fd;
{
#ifdef FIOCLEX
  ioctl (fd, FIOCLEX, 0);
#endif
  /* Ok to do nothing if this feature does not exist */
}
\f
#ifndef subprocesses

wait_without_blocking ()
{
#ifdef BSD_SYSTEM
  wait3 (0, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED, 0);
#else
  croak ("wait_without_blocking");
#endif
  synch_process_alive = 0;
}

#endif /* not subprocesses */

int wait_debugging;   /* Set nonzero to make following function work under dbx
                         (at least for bsd).  */

SIGTYPE
wait_for_termination_signal ()
{}

/* Wait for subprocess with process id `pid' to terminate and
   make sure it will get eliminated (not remain forever as a zombie) */

void
wait_for_termination (pid)
     int pid;
{
  while (1)
    {
#ifdef subprocesses
#ifdef VMS
      int status;

      status = SYS$FORCEX (&pid, 0, 0);
      break;
#else /* not VMS */
#if defined (BSD_SYSTEM) || (defined (HPUX) && !defined (HPUX_5))
      /* Note that kill returns -1 even if the process is just a zombie now.
         But inevitably a SIGCHLD interrupt should be generated
         and child_sig will do wait3 and make the process go away. */
      /* There is some indication that there is a bug involved with
         termination of subprocesses, perhaps involving a kernel bug too,
         but no idea what it is.  Just as a hunch we signal SIGCHLD to see
         if that causes the problem to go away or get worse.  */
      sigsetmask (sigmask (SIGCHLD));
      if (0 > kill (pid, 0))
        {
          sigsetmask (SIGEMPTYMASK);
          kill (getpid (), SIGCHLD);
          break;
        }
      if (wait_debugging)
        sleep (1);
      else
        sigpause (SIGEMPTYMASK);
#else /* not BSD_SYSTEM, and not HPUX version >= 6 */
#if defined (UNIPLUS)
      if (0 > kill (pid, 0))
        break;
      wait (0);
#else /* neither BSD_SYSTEM nor UNIPLUS: random sysV */
#ifdef POSIX_SIGNALS    /* would this work for LINUX as well? */
      sigblock (sigmask (SIGCHLD));
      if (0 > kill (pid, 0))
        {
          sigunblock (sigmask (SIGCHLD));
          break;
        }
      sigpause (SIGEMPTYMASK);
#else /* not POSIX_SIGNALS */
#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_SIGPAUSE
      sighold (SIGCHLD);
      if (0 > kill (pid, 0))
        {
          sigrelse (SIGCHLD);
          break;
        }
      sigpause (SIGCHLD);
#else /* not HAVE_SYSV_SIGPAUSE */
#ifdef WINDOWSNT
      wait (0);
      break;
#else /* not WINDOWSNT */
      if (0 > kill (pid, 0))
        break;
      /* Using sleep instead of pause avoids timing error.
         If the inferior dies just before the sleep,
         we lose just one second.  */
      sleep (1);
#endif /* not WINDOWSNT */
#endif /* not HAVE_SYSV_SIGPAUSE */
#endif /* not POSIX_SIGNALS */
#endif /* not UNIPLUS */
#endif /* not BSD_SYSTEM, and not HPUX version >= 6 */
#endif /* not VMS */
#else /* not subprocesses */
#if __DJGPP__ > 1
      break;
#else /* not __DJGPP__ > 1 */
#ifndef BSD4_1
      if (kill (pid, 0) < 0)
        break;
      wait (0);
#else /* BSD4_1 */
      int status;
      status = wait (0);
      if (status == pid || status == -1)
        break;
#endif /* BSD4_1 */
#endif /* not __DJGPP__ > 1*/
#endif /* not subprocesses */
    }
}

#ifdef subprocesses

/*
 *      flush any pending output
 *      (may flush input as well; it does not matter the way we use it)
 */
 
void
flush_pending_output (channel)
     int channel;
{
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIOS
  /* If we try this, we get hit with SIGTTIN, because
     the child's tty belongs to the child's pgrp. */
#else
#ifdef TCFLSH
  ioctl (channel, TCFLSH, 1);
#else
#ifdef TIOCFLUSH
  int zero = 0;
  /* 3rd arg should be ignored
     but some 4.2 kernels actually want the address of an int
     and nonzero means something different.  */
  ioctl (channel, TIOCFLUSH, &zero);
#endif
#endif
#endif
}
\f
#ifndef VMS
/*  Set up the terminal at the other end of a pseudo-terminal that
    we will be controlling an inferior through.
    It should not echo or do line-editing, since that is done
    in Emacs.  No padding needed for insertion into an Emacs buffer.  */

void
child_setup_tty (out)
     int out;
{
#ifndef DOS_NT
  struct emacs_tty s;

  EMACS_GET_TTY (out, &s);

#if defined (HAVE_TERMIO) || defined (HAVE_TERMIOS)
  s.main.c_oflag |= OPOST;      /* Enable output postprocessing */
  s.main.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR;     /* Disable map of NL to CR-NL on output */
#ifdef NLDLY
  s.main.c_oflag &= ~(NLDLY|CRDLY|TABDLY|BSDLY|VTDLY|FFDLY);
                                /* No output delays */
#endif
  s.main.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;      /* Disable echo */
  s.main.c_lflag |= ISIG;       /* Enable signals */
#ifdef IUCLC
  s.main.c_iflag &= ~IUCLC;     /* Disable downcasing on input.  */
#endif
#ifdef ISTRIP
  s.main.c_iflag &= ~ISTRIP;    /* don't strip 8th bit on input */
#endif
#ifdef OLCUC
  s.main.c_oflag &= ~OLCUC;     /* Disable upcasing on output.  */
#endif
  s.main.c_oflag &= ~TAB3;      /* Disable tab expansion */
  s.main.c_cflag = (s.main.c_cflag & ~CSIZE) | CS8; /* Don't strip 8th bit */
#if 0
  /* Said to be unnecessary:  */
  s.main.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;        /* minimum number of characters to accept  */
  s.main.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;       /* wait forever for at least 1 character  */
#endif

  s.main.c_lflag |= ICANON;     /* Enable erase/kill and eof processing */
  s.main.c_cc[VEOF] = 04;       /* insure that EOF is Control-D */
  s.main.c_cc[VERASE] = CDISABLE;       /* disable erase processing */
  s.main.c_cc[VKILL] = CDISABLE;        /* disable kill processing */

#ifdef HPUX
  s.main.c_cflag = (s.main.c_cflag & ~CBAUD) | B9600; /* baud rate sanity */
#endif /* HPUX */

#ifdef AIX
/* AIX enhanced edit loses NULs, so disable it */
#ifndef IBMR2AIX
  s.main.c_line = 0;
  s.main.c_iflag &= ~ASCEDIT;
#endif
  /* Also, PTY overloads NUL and BREAK.
     don't ignore break, but don't signal either, so it looks like NUL.  */
  s.main.c_iflag &= ~IGNBRK;
  s.main.c_iflag &= ~BRKINT;
  /* QUIT and INTR work better as signals, so disable character forms */
  s.main.c_cc[VINTR] = 0377;
#ifdef SIGNALS_VIA_CHARACTERS
  /* the QUIT and INTR character are used in process_send_signal
     so set them here to something useful.  */
  if (s.main.c_cc[VQUIT] == 0377)
    s.main.c_cc[VQUIT] = '\\'&037;      /* Control-\ */
  if (s.main.c_cc[VINTR] == 0377)
    s.main.c_cc[VINTR] = 'C'&037;       /* Control-C */
#else /* no TIOCGPGRP or no TIOCGLTC or no TIOCGETC */
  /* QUIT and INTR work better as signals, so disable character forms */
  s.main.c_cc[VQUIT] = 0377;
  s.main.c_cc[VINTR] = 0377;
  s.main.c_lflag &= ~ISIG;
#endif /* no TIOCGPGRP or no TIOCGLTC or no TIOCGETC */
  s.main.c_cc[VEOL] = 0377;
  s.main.c_cflag = (s.main.c_cflag & ~CBAUD) | B9600; /* baud rate sanity */
#endif /* AIX */

#else /* not HAVE_TERMIO */

  s.main.sg_flags &= ~(ECHO | CRMOD | ANYP | ALLDELAY | RAW | LCASE
                       | CBREAK | TANDEM);
  s.main.sg_flags |= LPASS8;
  s.main.sg_erase = 0377;
  s.main.sg_kill = 0377;
  s.lmode = LLITOUT | s.lmode;        /* Don't strip 8th bit */

#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIO */

  EMACS_SET_TTY (out, &s, 0);

#ifdef BSD4_1
  if (interrupt_input)
    reset_sigio ();
#endif /* BSD4_1 */
#ifdef RTU
  {
    int zero = 0;
    ioctl (out, FIOASYNC, &zero);
  }
#endif /* RTU */
#endif /* not DOS_NT */
}
#endif /* not VMS */

#endif /* subprocesses */
\f
/* Record a signal code and the handler for it.  */
struct save_signal
{
  int code;
  SIGTYPE (*handler) P_ ((int));
};

static void save_signal_handlers P_ ((struct save_signal *));
static void restore_signal_handlers P_ ((struct save_signal *));

/* Suspend the Emacs process; give terminal to its superior.  */

void
sys_suspend ()
{
#ifdef VMS
  /* "Foster" parentage allows emacs to return to a subprocess that attached
     to the current emacs as a cheaper than starting a whole new process.  This
     is set up by KEPTEDITOR.COM.  */
  unsigned long parent_id, foster_parent_id;
  char *fpid_string;

  fpid_string = getenv ("EMACS_PARENT_PID");
  if (fpid_string != NULL)
    {
      sscanf (fpid_string, "%x", &foster_parent_id);
      if (foster_parent_id != 0)
        parent_id = foster_parent_id;
      else
        parent_id = getppid ();
    }
  else
    parent_id = getppid ();

  xfree (fpid_string);          /* On VMS, this was malloc'd */

  if (parent_id && parent_id != 0xffffffff)
    {
      SIGTYPE (*oldsig)() = (int) signal (SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
      int status = LIB$ATTACH (&parent_id) & 1;
      signal (SIGINT, oldsig);
      return status;
    }
  else
    {
      struct {
        int     l;
        char    *a;
      } d_prompt;
      d_prompt.l = sizeof ("Emacs: ");          /* Our special prompt */
      d_prompt.a = "Emacs: ";                   /* Just a reminder */
      LIB$SPAWN (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &d_prompt, 0);
      return 1;
    }
  return -1;
#else
#if defined (SIGTSTP) && !defined (MSDOS)

  {
    int pgrp = EMACS_GETPGRP (0);
    EMACS_KILLPG (pgrp, SIGTSTP);
  }

#else /* No SIGTSTP */
#ifdef USG_JOBCTRL /* If you don't know what this is don't mess with it */
  ptrace (0, 0, 0, 0);          /* set for ptrace - caught by csh */
  kill (getpid (), SIGQUIT);

#else /* No SIGTSTP or USG_JOBCTRL */

/* On a system where suspending is not implemented,
   instead fork a subshell and let it talk directly to the terminal
   while we wait.  */
  sys_subshell ();

#endif /* no USG_JOBCTRL */
#endif /* no SIGTSTP */
#endif /* not VMS */
}

/* Fork a subshell.  */

void
sys_subshell ()
{
#ifdef macintosh
    error ("Can't spawn subshell");
#else
#ifndef VMS
#ifdef DOS_NT   /* Demacs 1.1.2 91/10/20 Manabu Higashida */
  int st;
  char oldwd[MAXPATHLEN+1]; /* Fixed length is safe on MSDOS.  */
#endif
  int pid;
  struct save_signal saved_handlers[5];
  Lisp_Object dir;
  unsigned char *str = 0;
  int len;

  saved_handlers[0].code = SIGINT;
  saved_handlers[1].code = SIGQUIT;
  saved_handlers[2].code = SIGTERM;
#ifdef SIGIO
  saved_handlers[3].code = SIGIO;
  saved_handlers[4].code = 0;
#else
  saved_handlers[3].code = 0;
#endif

  /* Mentioning current_buffer->buffer would mean including buffer.h,
     which somehow wedges the hp compiler.  So instead...  */

  dir = intern ("default-directory");
  if (NILP (Fboundp (dir)))
    goto xyzzy;
  dir = Fsymbol_value (dir);
  if (!STRINGP (dir))
    goto xyzzy;

  dir = expand_and_dir_to_file (Funhandled_file_name_directory (dir), Qnil);
  str = (unsigned char *) alloca (XSTRING (dir)->size + 2);
  len = XSTRING (dir)->size;
  bcopy (XSTRING (dir)->data, str, len);
  if (str[len - 1] != '/') str[len++] = '/';
  str[len] = 0;
 xyzzy:

#ifdef DOS_NT
  pid = 0;
#if __DJGPP__ > 1
  save_signal_handlers (saved_handlers);
  synch_process_alive = 1;
#endif /* __DJGPP__ > 1 */
#else  
  pid = vfork ();
  if (pid == -1)
    error ("Can't spawn subshell");
#endif

  if (pid == 0)
    {
      char *sh = 0;

#ifdef DOS_NT    /* MW, Aug 1993 */
      getwd (oldwd);
      if (sh == 0)
        sh = (char *) egetenv ("SUSPEND");      /* KFS, 1994-12-14 */
#endif
      if (sh == 0)
        sh = (char *) egetenv ("SHELL");
      if (sh == 0)
        sh = "sh";

      /* Use our buffer's default directory for the subshell.  */
      if (str)
        chdir ((char *) str);

#ifdef subprocesses
      close_process_descs ();   /* Close Emacs's pipes/ptys */
#endif

#ifdef SET_EMACS_PRIORITY
      {
        extern int emacs_priority;

        if (emacs_priority < 0)
          nice (-emacs_priority);
      }
#endif

#ifdef MSDOS    /* Demacs 1.1.2 91/10/20 Manabu Higashida */
      st = system (sh);
      chdir (oldwd);
#if 0   /* This is also reported if last command executed in subshell failed, KFS */
      if (st)
        report_file_error ("Can't execute subshell", Fcons (build_string (sh), Qnil));
#endif
#else /* not MSDOS */
#ifdef  WINDOWSNT
      /* Waits for process completion */
      pid = _spawnlp (_P_WAIT, sh, sh, NULL);
      chdir (oldwd);
      if (pid == -1)
        write (1, "Can't execute subshell", 22);
#else   /* not WINDOWSNT */
      execlp (sh, sh, 0);
      write (1, "Can't execute subshell", 22);
      _exit (1);
#endif  /* not WINDOWSNT */
#endif /* not MSDOS */
    }

  /* Do this now if we did not do it before.  */
#if !defined (MSDOS) || __DJGPP__ == 1
  save_signal_handlers (saved_handlers);
  synch_process_alive = 1;
#endif

#ifndef DOS_NT
  wait_for_termination (pid);
#endif
  restore_signal_handlers (saved_handlers);
  synch_process_alive = 0;
#endif /* !VMS */
#endif /* !macintosh */
}

static void
save_signal_handlers (saved_handlers)
     struct save_signal *saved_handlers;
{
  while (saved_handlers->code)
    {
      saved_handlers->handler
        = (SIGTYPE (*) P_ ((int))) signal (saved_handlers->code, SIG_IGN);
      saved_handlers++;
    }
}

static void
restore_signal_handlers (saved_handlers)
     struct save_signal *saved_handlers;
{
  while (saved_handlers->code)
    {
      signal (saved_handlers->code, saved_handlers->handler);
      saved_handlers++;
    }
}
\f
#ifdef F_SETFL

int old_fcntl_flags;

void
init_sigio (fd)
     int fd;
{
#ifdef FASYNC
  old_fcntl_flags = fcntl (fd, F_GETFL, 0) & ~FASYNC;
  fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, old_fcntl_flags | FASYNC);
#endif
  interrupts_deferred = 0;
}

void
reset_sigio ()
{
  unrequest_sigio ();
}

#ifdef FASYNC           /* F_SETFL does not imply existence of FASYNC */

void
request_sigio ()
{
  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

#ifdef SIGWINCH
  sigunblock (sigmask (SIGWINCH));
#endif
  fcntl (input_fd, F_SETFL, old_fcntl_flags | FASYNC);

  interrupts_deferred = 0;
}

void
unrequest_sigio ()
{
  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

#ifdef SIGWINCH
  sigblock (sigmask (SIGWINCH));
#endif
  fcntl (input_fd, F_SETFL, old_fcntl_flags);
  interrupts_deferred = 1;
}

#else /* no FASYNC */
#ifdef STRIDE           /* Stride doesn't have FASYNC - use FIOASYNC */

void
request_sigio ()
{
  int on = 1;

  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

  ioctl (input_fd, FIOASYNC, &on);
  interrupts_deferred = 0;
}

void
unrequest_sigio ()
{
  int off = 0;

  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

  ioctl (input_fd, FIOASYNC, &off);
  interrupts_deferred = 1;
}

#else /* not FASYNC, not STRIDE */
 
#ifdef _CX_UX

#include <termios.h>

void
request_sigio ()
{
  int on = 1;
  sigset_t st;

  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

  sigemptyset (&st);
  sigaddset (&st, SIGIO);
  ioctl (input_fd, FIOASYNC, &on);
  interrupts_deferred = 0;
  sigprocmask (SIG_UNBLOCK, &st, (sigset_t *)0);
}

void
unrequest_sigio ()
{
  int off = 0;

  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

  ioctl (input_fd, FIOASYNC, &off);
  interrupts_deferred = 1;
}

#else /* ! _CX_UX */

void
request_sigio ()
{
  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

  croak ("request_sigio");
}
 
void
unrequest_sigio ()
{
  if (read_socket_hook)
    return;

  croak ("unrequest_sigio");
}
 
#endif /* _CX_UX */
#endif /* STRIDE */
#endif /* FASYNC */
#endif /* F_SETFL */
\f
/* Saving and restoring the process group of Emacs's terminal.  */

#ifdef BSD_PGRPS

/* The process group of which Emacs was a member when it initially
   started.

   If Emacs was in its own process group (i.e. inherited_pgroup ==
   getpid ()), then we know we're running under a shell with job
   control (Emacs would never be run as part of a pipeline).
   Everything is fine.

   If Emacs was not in its own process group, then we know we're
   running under a shell (or a caller) that doesn't know how to
   separate itself from Emacs (like sh).  Emacs must be in its own
   process group in order to receive SIGIO correctly.  In this
   situation, we put ourselves in our own pgroup, forcibly set the
   tty's pgroup to our pgroup, and make sure to restore and reinstate
   the tty's pgroup just like any other terminal setting.  If
   inherited_group was not the tty's pgroup, then we'll get a
   SIGTTmumble when we try to change the tty's pgroup, and a CONT if
   it goes foreground in the future, which is what should happen.  */
int inherited_pgroup;

/* Split off the foreground process group to Emacs alone.
   When we are in the foreground, but not started in our own process
   group, redirect the TTY to point to our own process group.  We need
   to be in our own process group to receive SIGIO properly.  */
void
narrow_foreground_group ()
{
  int me = getpid ();

  setpgrp (0, inherited_pgroup);
  if (inherited_pgroup != me)
    EMACS_SET_TTY_PGRP (input_fd, &me);
  setpgrp (0, me);
}

/* Set the tty to our original foreground group.  */
void
widen_foreground_group ()
{
  if (inherited_pgroup != getpid ())
    EMACS_SET_TTY_PGRP (input_fd, &inherited_pgroup);
  setpgrp (0, inherited_pgroup);
}

#endif /* BSD_PGRPS */
\f
/* Getting and setting emacs_tty structures.  */

/* Set *TC to the parameters associated with the terminal FD.
   Return zero if all's well, or -1 if we ran into an error we
   couldn't deal with.  */
int
emacs_get_tty (fd, settings)
     int fd;
     struct emacs_tty *settings;
{
  /* Retrieve the primary parameters - baud rate, character size, etcetera.  */
#ifdef HAVE_TCATTR
  /* We have those nifty POSIX tcmumbleattr functions.  */
  bzero (&settings->main, sizeof (settings->main));
  if (tcgetattr (fd, &settings->main) < 0)
    return -1;

#else
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO
  /* The SYSV-style interface?  */
  if (ioctl (fd, TCGETA, &settings->main) < 0)
    return -1;

#else
#ifdef VMS
  /* Vehemently Monstrous System?  :-)  */
  if (! (SYS$QIOW (0, fd, IO$_SENSEMODE, settings, 0, 0,
                   &settings->main.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)
         & 1))
    return -1;

#else
#ifndef DOS_NT
  /* I give up - I hope you have the BSD ioctls.  */
  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGETP, &settings->main) < 0)
    return -1;
#endif /* not DOS_NT */
#endif
#endif
#endif

  /* Suivant - Do we have to get struct ltchars data?  */
#ifdef HAVE_LTCHARS
  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGLTC, &settings->ltchars) < 0)
    return -1;
#endif

  /* How about a struct tchars and a wordful of lmode bits?  */
#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGETC, &settings->tchars) < 0
      || ioctl (fd, TIOCLGET, &settings->lmode) < 0)
    return -1;
#endif

  /* We have survived the tempest.  */
  return 0;
}


/* Set the parameters of the tty on FD according to the contents of
   *SETTINGS.  If FLUSHP is non-zero, we discard input.
   Return 0 if all went well, and -1 if anything failed.  */

int
emacs_set_tty (fd, settings, flushp)
     int fd;
     struct emacs_tty *settings;
     int flushp;
{
  /* Set the primary parameters - baud rate, character size, etcetera.  */
#ifdef HAVE_TCATTR
  int i;
  /* We have those nifty POSIX tcmumbleattr functions.
     William J. Smith <wjs@wiis.wang.com> writes:
     "POSIX 1003.1 defines tcsetattr to return success if it was
     able to perform any of the requested actions, even if some
     of the requested actions could not be performed.
     We must read settings back to ensure tty setup properly.
     AIX requires this to keep tty from hanging occasionally."  */
  /* This make sure that we don't loop indefinitely in here.  */
  for (i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++)
    if (tcsetattr (fd, flushp ? TCSAFLUSH : TCSADRAIN, &settings->main) < 0)
      {
        if (errno == EINTR)
          continue;
        else
          return -1;
      }
    else
      {
        struct termios new;

        bzero (&new, sizeof (new));
        /* Get the current settings, and see if they're what we asked for.  */
        tcgetattr (fd, &new);
        /* We cannot use memcmp on the whole structure here because under
         * aix386 the termios structure has some reserved field that may
         * not be filled in.
         */
        if (   new.c_iflag == settings->main.c_iflag
            && new.c_oflag == settings->main.c_oflag
            && new.c_cflag == settings->main.c_cflag
            && new.c_lflag == settings->main.c_lflag
            && memcmp (new.c_cc, settings->main.c_cc, NCCS) == 0)
          break;
        else
          continue;
      }

#else
#ifdef HAVE_TERMIO
  /* The SYSV-style interface?  */
  if (ioctl (fd, flushp ? TCSETAF : TCSETAW, &settings->main) < 0)
    return -1;

#else
#ifdef VMS
  /* Vehemently Monstrous System?  :-)  */
  if (! (SYS$QIOW (0, fd, IO$_SETMODE, &input_iosb, 0, 0,
                   &settings->main.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)
         & 1))
    return -1;

#else
#ifndef DOS_NT
  /* I give up - I hope you have the BSD ioctls.  */
  if (ioctl (fd, (flushp) ? TIOCSETP : TIOCSETN, &settings->main) < 0)
    return -1;
#endif /* not DOS_NT */

#endif
#endif
#endif

  /* Suivant - Do we have to get struct ltchars data?  */
#ifdef HAVE_LTCHARS
  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSLTC, &settings->ltchars) < 0)
    return -1;
#endif

  /* How about a struct tchars and a wordful of lmode bits?  */
#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSETC, &settings->tchars) < 0
      || ioctl (fd, TIOCLSET, &settings->lmode) < 0)
    return -1;
#endif
  
  /* We have survived the tempest.  */
  return 0;
}

\f
/* The initial tty mode bits */
struct emacs_tty old_tty;

/* 1 if we have been through init_sys_modes.  */
int term_initted;

/* 1 if outer tty status has been recorded.  */
int old_tty_valid;

#ifdef BSD4_1
/* BSD 4.1 needs to keep track of the lmode bits in order to start
   sigio.  */
int lmode;
#endif

#ifndef F_SETOWN_BUG
#ifdef F_SETOWN
int old_fcntl_owner;
#endif /* F_SETOWN */
#endif /* F_SETOWN_BUG */

/* This may also be defined in stdio,
   but if so, this does no harm,
   and using the same name avoids wasting the other one's space.  */

#ifdef nec_ews_svr4
extern char *_sobuf ;
#else
#if defined (USG) || defined (DGUX)
unsigned char _sobuf[BUFSIZ+8];
#else
char _sobuf[BUFSIZ];
#endif
#endif
 
#ifdef HAVE_LTCHARS
static struct ltchars new_ltchars = {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1};
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
static struct tchars new_tchars = {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1};
#endif 

void
init_sys_modes ()
{
  struct emacs_tty tty;

#ifdef macintosh
  Vwindow_system = intern ("mac");
  Vwindow_system_version = make_number (1);

/* cus-start.el complains if delete-exited-processes and x-bitmap-file-path not defined */
#ifndef subprocesses
  DEFVAR_BOOL ("delete-exited-processes", &delete_exited_processes,
    "*Non-nil means delete processes immediately when they exit.\n\
nil means don't delete them until `list-processes' is run.");
  delete_exited_processes = 0;
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_X_WINDOWS
  DEFVAR_LISP ("x-bitmap-file-path", &Vx_bitmap_file_path,
    "List of directories to search for bitmap files for X.");
  Vx_bitmap_file_path = decode_env_path ((char *) 0, ".");
#endif

#endif /* not macintosh */

#ifdef VMS
#if 0
  static int oob_chars[2] = {0, 1 << 7}; /* catch C-g's */
  extern int (*interrupt_signal) ();
#endif
#endif

  Vtty_erase_char = Qnil;

  if (noninteractive)
    return;

#ifdef VMS
  if (!input_ef)
    input_ef = get_kbd_event_flag ();
    /* LIB$GET_EF (&input_ef); */
  SYS$CLREF (input_ef);
  waiting_for_ast = 0;
  if (!timer_ef)
    timer_ef = get_timer_event_flag ();
    /* LIB$GET_EF (&timer_ef); */
  SYS$CLREF (timer_ef);
#if 0
  if (!process_ef)
    {
      LIB$GET_EF (&process_ef);
      SYS$CLREF (process_ef);
    }
  if (input_ef / 32 != process_ef / 32)
    croak ("Input and process event flags in different clusters.");
#endif
  if (input_ef / 32 != timer_ef / 32)
    croak ("Input and timer event flags in different clusters.");
#if 0
  input_eflist = ((unsigned) 1 << (input_ef % 32)) |
    ((unsigned) 1 << (process_ef % 32));
#endif
  timer_eflist = ((unsigned) 1 << (input_ef % 32)) |
    ((unsigned) 1 << (timer_ef % 32));
#ifndef VMS4_4
  sys_access_reinit ();
#endif
#endif /* not VMS */

#ifdef BSD_PGRPS
  if (! read_socket_hook && EQ (Vwindow_system, Qnil))
    narrow_foreground_group ();
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* Emacs' window system on MSDOG uses the `internal terminal' and therefore
     needs the initialization code below.  */
  if (!read_socket_hook && EQ (Vwindow_system, Qnil))
#endif
    {
      EMACS_GET_TTY (input_fd, &old_tty);

      old_tty_valid = 1;

      tty = old_tty;

#if defined (HAVE_TERMIO) || defined (HAVE_TERMIOS)
      XSETINT (Vtty_erase_char, old_tty.main.c_cc[VERASE]);

#ifdef DGUX
      /* This allows meta to be sent on 8th bit.  */
      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~INPCK;       /* don't check input for parity */
#endif
      tty.main.c_iflag |= (IGNBRK);     /* Ignore break condition */
      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~ICRNL;       /* Disable map of CR to NL on input */
#ifdef INLCR  /* I'm just being cautious,
                 since I can't check how widespread INLCR is--rms.  */
      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~INLCR;       /* Disable map of NL to CR on input */
#endif
#ifdef ISTRIP
      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~ISTRIP;      /* don't strip 8th bit on input */
#endif
      tty.main.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;        /* Disable echo */
      tty.main.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;      /* Disable erase/kill processing */
#ifdef IEXTEN
      tty.main.c_lflag &= ~IEXTEN;      /* Disable other editing characters.  */
#endif
      tty.main.c_lflag |= ISIG; /* Enable signals */
      if (flow_control)
        {
          tty.main.c_iflag |= IXON;     /* Enable start/stop output control */
#ifdef IXANY
          tty.main.c_iflag &= ~IXANY;
#endif /* IXANY */
        }
      else
        tty.main.c_iflag &= ~IXON;      /* Disable start/stop output control */
      tty.main.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR;       /* Disable map of NL to CR-NL 
                                           on output */
      tty.main.c_oflag &= ~TAB3;        /* Disable tab expansion */
#ifdef CS8
      if (meta_key)
        {
          tty.main.c_cflag |= CS8;      /* allow 8th bit on input */
          tty.main.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;/* Don't check parity */
        }
#endif
      tty.main.c_cc[VINTR] = quit_char; /* C-g (usually) gives SIGINT */
      /* Set up C-g for both SIGQUIT and SIGINT.
         We don't know which we will get, but we handle both alike
         so which one it really gives us does not matter.  */
      tty.main.c_cc[VQUIT] = quit_char;
      tty.main.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;  /* Input should wait for at least 1 char */
      tty.main.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; /* no matter how long that takes.  */
#ifdef VSWTCH
      tty.main.c_cc[VSWTCH] = CDISABLE; /* Turn off shell layering use
                                           of C-z */
#endif /* VSWTCH */

#if defined (mips) || defined (HAVE_TCATTR)
#ifdef VSUSP
      tty.main.c_cc[VSUSP] = CDISABLE;  /* Turn off mips handling of C-z.  */
#endif /* VSUSP */
#ifdef V_DSUSP
      tty.main.c_cc[V_DSUSP] = CDISABLE; /* Turn off mips handling of C-y.  */
#endif /* V_DSUSP */
#ifdef VDSUSP /* Some systems have VDSUSP, some have V_DSUSP.  */
      tty.main.c_cc[VDSUSP] = CDISABLE;
#endif /* VDSUSP */
#ifdef VLNEXT
      tty.main.c_cc[VLNEXT] = CDISABLE;
#endif /* VLNEXT */
#ifdef VREPRINT
      tty.main.c_cc[VREPRINT] = CDISABLE;
#endif /* VREPRINT */
#ifdef VWERASE
      tty.main.c_cc[VWERASE] = CDISABLE;
#endif /* VWERASE */
#ifdef VDISCARD
      tty.main.c_cc[VDISCARD] = CDISABLE;
#endif /* VDISCARD */

      if (flow_control)
        {
#ifdef VSTART
          tty.main.c_cc[VSTART] = '\021';
#endif /* VSTART */
#ifdef VSTOP
          tty.main.c_cc[VSTOP] = '\023';
#endif /* VSTOP */
        }
      else
        {
#ifdef VSTART
          tty.main.c_cc[VSTART] = CDISABLE;
#endif /* VSTART */
#ifdef VSTOP
          tty.main.c_cc[VSTOP] = CDISABLE;
#endif /* VSTOP */
        }
#endif /* mips or HAVE_TCATTR */

#ifdef SET_LINE_DISCIPLINE
      /* Need to explicitly request TERMIODISC line discipline or
         Ultrix's termios does not work correctly.  */
      tty.main.c_line = SET_LINE_DISCIPLINE;
#endif
#ifdef AIX
#ifndef IBMR2AIX
      /* AIX enhanced edit loses NULs, so disable it.  */
      tty.main.c_line = 0;
      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~ASCEDIT;
#else
      tty.main.c_cc[VSTRT] = 255;
      tty.main.c_cc[VSTOP] = 255;
      tty.main.c_cc[VSUSP] = 255;
      tty.main.c_cc[VDSUSP] = 255;
#endif /* IBMR2AIX */
      if (flow_control)
        {
#ifdef VSTART
          tty.main.c_cc[VSTART] = '\021';
#endif /* VSTART */
#ifdef VSTOP
          tty.main.c_cc[VSTOP] = '\023';
#endif /* VSTOP */
        }
      /* Also, PTY overloads NUL and BREAK.
         don't ignore break, but don't signal either, so it looks like NUL.
         This really serves a purpose only if running in an XTERM window
         or via TELNET or the like, but does no harm elsewhere.  */
      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~IGNBRK;
      tty.main.c_iflag &= ~BRKINT;
#endif
#else /* if not HAVE_TERMIO */
#ifdef VMS
      tty.main.tt_char |= TT$M_NOECHO;
      if (meta_key)
        tty.main.tt_char |= TT$M_EIGHTBIT;
      if (flow_control)
        tty.main.tt_char |= TT$M_TTSYNC;
      else
        tty.main.tt_char &= ~TT$M_TTSYNC;
      tty.main.tt2_char |= TT2$M_PASTHRU | TT2$M_XON;
#else /* not VMS (BSD, that is) */
#ifndef DOS_NT
      XSETINT (Vtty_erase_char, tty.main.sg_erase);
      tty.main.sg_flags &= ~(ECHO | CRMOD | XTABS);
      if (meta_key)
        tty.main.sg_flags |= ANYP;
      tty.main.sg_flags |= interrupt_input ? RAW : CBREAK;
#endif /* not DOS_NT */
#endif /* not VMS (BSD, that is) */
#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIO */

      /* If going to use CBREAK mode, we must request C-g to interrupt
         and turn off start and stop chars, etc.  If not going to use
         CBREAK mode, do this anyway so as to turn off local flow
         control for user coming over network on 4.2; in this case,
         only t_stopc and t_startc really matter.  */
#ifndef HAVE_TERMIO
#ifdef HAVE_TCHARS
      /* Note: if not using CBREAK mode, it makes no difference how we
         set this */
      tty.tchars = new_tchars;
      tty.tchars.t_intrc = quit_char;
      if (flow_control)
        {
          tty.tchars.t_startc = '\021';
          tty.tchars.t_stopc = '\023';
        }

      tty.lmode = LDECCTQ | LLITOUT | LPASS8 | LNOFLSH | old_tty.lmode;
#ifdef ultrix
      /* Under Ultrix 4.2a, leaving this out doesn't seem to hurt
         anything, and leaving it in breaks the meta key.  Go figure.  */
      tty.lmode &= ~LLITOUT;
#endif
      
#ifdef BSD4_1
      lmode = tty.lmode;
#endif

#endif /* HAVE_TCHARS */
#endif /* not HAVE_TERMIO */

#ifdef HAVE_LTCHARS
      tty.ltchars = new_ltchars;
#endif /* HAVE_LTCHARS */
#ifdef MSDOS    /* Demacs 1.1.2 91/10/20 Manabu Higashida, MW Aug 1993 */
      if (!term_initted)
        internal_terminal_init ();
      dos_ttraw ();
#endif

      EMACS_SET_TTY (input_fd, &tty, 0);

      /* This code added to insure that, if flow-control is not to be used,
         we have an unlocked terminal at the start. */

#ifdef TCXONC
      if (!flow_control) ioctl (input_fd, TCXONC, 1);
#endif
#ifndef APOLLO
#ifdef TIOCSTART
      if (!flow_control) ioctl (input_fd, TIOCSTART, 0);
#endif
#endif

#if defined (HAVE_TERMIOS) || defined (HPUX9)
#ifdef TCOON
      if (!flow_control) tcflow (input_fd, TCOON);
#endif
#endif

#ifdef AIXHFT
      hft_init ();
#ifdef IBMR2AIX
      {
        /* IBM's HFT device usually thinks a ^J should be LF/CR.  We need it
           to be only LF.  This is the way that is done. */
        struct termio tty;

        if (ioctl (1, HFTGETID, &tty) != -1)
          write (1, "\033[20l", 5);
      }
#endif
#endif /* AIXHFT */

#ifdef VMS
/*  Appears to do nothing when in PASTHRU mode.
      SYS$QIOW (0, input_fd, IO$_SETMODE|IO$M_OUTBAND, 0, 0, 0,
                interrupt_signal, oob_chars, 0, 0, 0, 0);
*/
      queue_kbd_input (0);
#endif /* VMS */
    }

#ifdef F_SETFL
#ifndef F_SETOWN_BUG
#ifdef F_GETOWN         /* F_SETFL does not imply existence of F_GETOWN */
  if (interrupt_input
      && ! read_socket_hook && EQ (Vwindow_system, Qnil))
    {
      old_fcntl_owner = fcntl (input_fd, F_GETOWN, 0);
      fcntl (input_fd, F_SETOWN, getpid ());
      init_sigio (input_fd);
    }
#endif /* F_GETOWN */
#endif /* F_SETOWN_BUG */
#endif /* F_SETFL */

#ifdef BSD4_1
  if (interrupt_input)
    init_sigio (input_fd);
#endif

#ifdef VMS  /* VMS sometimes has this symbol but lacks setvbuf.  */
#undef _IOFBF
#endif
#ifdef _IOFBF
  /* This symbol is defined on recent USG systems.
     Someone says without this call USG won't really buffer the file
     even with a call to setbuf. */
  setvbuf (stdout, (char *) _sobuf, _IOFBF, sizeof _sobuf);
#else
  setbuf (stdout, (char *) _sobuf);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* Emacs' window system on MSDOG uses the `internal terminal' and therefore
     needs the initialization code below.  */
  if (EQ (Vwindow_system, Qnil)
#ifndef WINDOWSNT
      /* When running in tty mode on NT/Win95, we have a read_socket
         hook, but still need the rest of the initialization code below.  */
      && (! read_socket_hook)
#endif
      )
#endif
    set_terminal_modes ();

  if (!term_initted
      && FRAMEP (Vterminal_frame)
      && FRAME_TERMCAP_P (XFRAME (Vterminal_frame)))
    init_frame_faces (XFRAME (Vterminal_frame));

  if (term_initted && no_redraw_on_reenter)
    {
      if (display_completed)
        direct_output_forward_char (0);
    }
  else
    {
      frame_garbaged = 1;
      if (FRAMEP (Vterminal_frame))
        FRAME_GARBAGED_P (XFRAME (Vterminal_frame)) = 1;
    }

  term_initted = 1;
}

/* Return nonzero if safe to use tabs in output.
   At the time this is called, init_sys_modes has not been done yet.  */
   
int
tabs_safe_p ()
{
  struct emacs_tty tty;

  EMACS_GET_TTY (input_fd, &tty);
  return EMACS_TTY_TABS_OK (&tty);
}
\f
/* Get terminal size from system.
   Store number of lines into *HEIGHTP and width into *WIDTHP.
   We store 0 if there's no valid information.  */

void
get_frame_size (widthp, heightp)
     int *widthp, *heightp;
{

#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ

  /* BSD-style.  */
  struct winsize size;

  if (ioctl (input_fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &size) == -1)
    *widthp = *heightp = 0;
  else
    {
      *widthp = size.ws_col;
      *heightp = size.ws_row;
    }

#else
#ifdef TIOCGSIZE

  /* SunOS - style.  */
  struct ttysize size;  

  if (ioctl (input_fd, TIOCGSIZE, &size) == -1)
    *widthp = *heightp = 0;
  else
    {
      *widthp = size.ts_cols;
      *heightp = size.ts_lines;
    }

#else
#ifdef VMS

  struct sensemode tty;
  
  SYS$QIOW (0, input_fd, IO$_SENSEMODE, &tty, 0, 0,
            &tty.class, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0);
  *widthp = tty.scr_wid;
  *heightp = tty.scr_len;

#else
#ifdef MSDOS
  *widthp = ScreenCols ();
  *heightp = ScreenRows ();
#else /* system doesn't know size */
  *widthp = 0;
  *heightp = 0;
#endif

#endif /* not VMS */
#endif /* not SunOS-style */
#endif /* not BSD-style */
}

/* Set the logical window size associated with descriptor FD
   to HEIGHT and WIDTH.  This is used mainly with ptys.  */

int
set_window_size (fd, height, width)
     int fd, height, width;
{
#ifdef TIOCSWINSZ

  /* BSD-style.  */
  struct winsize size;
  size.ws_row = height;
  size.ws_col = width;

  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSWINSZ, &size) == -1)
    return 0; /* error */
  else
    return 1;

#else
#ifdef TIOCSSIZE

  /* SunOS - style.  */
  struct ttysize size;  
  size.ts_lines = height;
  size.ts_cols = width;

  if (ioctl (fd, TIOCGSIZE, &size) == -1)
    return 0;
  else
    return 1;
#else
  return -1;
#endif /* not SunOS-style */
#endif /* not BSD-style */
}

\f
/* Prepare the terminal for exiting Emacs; move the cursor to the
   bottom of the frame, turn off interrupt-driven I/O, etc.  */
void
reset_sys_modes ()
{
  struct frame *sf;
  
  if (noninteractive)
    {
      fflush (stdout);
      return;
    }
  if (!term_initted)
    return;
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* Emacs' window system on MSDOG uses the `internal terminal' and therefore
     needs the clean-up code below.  */
  if (!EQ (Vwindow_system, Qnil)
#ifndef WINDOWSNT
      /* When running in tty mode on NT/Win95, we have a read_socket
         hook, but still need the rest of the clean-up code below.  */
      || read_socket_hook
#endif
      )
    return;
#endif
  sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();
  cursor_to (FRAME_HEIGHT (sf) - 1, 0);
  clear_end_of_line (FRAME_WIDTH (sf));
  /* clear_end_of_line may move the cursor */
  cursor_to (FRAME_HEIGHT (sf) - 1, 0);
#if defined (IBMR2AIX) && defined (AIXHFT)
  {
    /* HFT devices normally use ^J as a LF/CR.  We forced it to 
       do the LF only.  Now, we need to reset it. */
    struct termio tty;

    if (ioctl (1, HFTGETID, &tty) != -1)
      write (1, "\033[20h", 5);
  }
#endif

  reset_terminal_modes ();
  fflush (stdout);
#ifdef BSD_SYSTEM
#ifndef BSD4_1
  /* Avoid possible loss of output when changing terminal modes.  */
  fsync (fileno (stdout));
#endif
#endif

#ifdef F_SETFL
#ifndef F_SETOWN_BUG
#ifdef F_SETOWN         /* F_SETFL does not imply existence of F_SETOWN */
  if (interrupt_input)
    {
      reset_sigio ();
      fcntl (input_fd, F_SETOWN, old_fcntl_owner);
    }
#endif /* F_SETOWN */
#endif /* F_SETOWN_BUG */
#ifdef O_NDELAY
  fcntl (input_fd, F_SETFL, fcntl (input_fd, F_GETFL, 0) & ~O_NDELAY);
#endif
#endif /* F_SETFL */
#ifdef BSD4_1
  if (interrupt_input)
    reset_sigio ();
#endif /* BSD4_1 */

  if (old_tty_valid)
    while (EMACS_SET_TTY (input_fd, &old_tty, 0) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
      ;

#ifdef MSDOS    /* Demacs 1.1.2 91/10/20 Manabu Higashida */
  dos_ttcooked ();
#endif

#ifdef SET_LINE_DISCIPLINE
  /* Ultrix's termios *ignores* any line discipline except TERMIODISC.
     A different old line discipline is therefore not restored, yet.
     Restore the old line discipline by hand.  */
  ioctl (0, TIOCSETD, &old_tty.main.c_line);
#endif

#ifdef AIXHFT
  hft_reset ();
#endif

#ifdef BSD_PGRPS
  widen_foreground_group ();
#endif
}
\f
#ifdef HAVE_PTYS

/* Set up the proper status flags for use of a pty.  */

void
setup_pty (fd)
     int fd;
{
  /* I'm told that TOICREMOTE does not mean control chars
     "can't be sent" but rather that they don't have
     input-editing or signaling effects.
     That should be good, because we have other ways
     to do those things in Emacs.
     However, telnet mode seems not to work on 4.2.
     So TIOCREMOTE is turned off now. */

  /* Under hp-ux, if TIOCREMOTE is turned on, some calls
     will hang.  In particular, the "timeout" feature (which
     causes a read to return if there is no data available)
     does this.  Also it is known that telnet mode will hang
     in such a way that Emacs must be stopped (perhaps this
     is the same problem).
     
     If TIOCREMOTE is turned off, then there is a bug in
     hp-ux which sometimes loses data.  Apparently the
     code which blocks the master process when the internal
     buffer fills up does not work.  Other than this,
     though, everything else seems to work fine.
     
     Since the latter lossage is more benign, we may as well
     lose that way.  -- cph */
#ifdef FIONBIO
#if defined(SYSV_PTYS) || defined(UNIX98_PTYS)
  {
    int on = 1;
    ioctl (fd, FIONBIO, &on);
  }
#endif
#endif
#ifdef IBMRTAIX
  /* On AIX, the parent gets SIGHUP when a pty attached child dies.  So, we */
  /* ignore SIGHUP once we've started a child on a pty.  Note that this may */
  /* cause EMACS not to die when it should, i.e., when its own controlling  */
  /* tty goes away.  I've complained to the AIX developers, and they may    */
  /* change this behavior, but I'm not going to hold my breath.             */
  signal (SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
#endif
}
#endif /* HAVE_PTYS */
\f
#ifdef VMS

/* Assigning an input channel is done at the start of Emacs execution.
   This is called each time Emacs is resumed, also, but does nothing
   because input_chain is no longer zero.  */

void
init_vms_input ()
{
  int status;
  
  if (input_fd == 0)
    {
      status = SYS$ASSIGN (&input_dsc, &input_fd, 0, 0);
      if (! (status & 1))
        LIB$STOP (status);
    }
}

/* Deassigning the input channel is done before exiting.  */

void
stop_vms_input ()
{
  return SYS$DASSGN (input_fd);
}

short input_buffer;

/* Request reading one character into the keyboard buffer.
   This is done as soon as the buffer becomes empty.  */

void
queue_kbd_input ()
{
  int status;
  extern kbd_input_ast ();

  waiting_for_ast = 0;
  stop_input = 0;
  status = SYS$QIO (0, input_fd, IO$_READVBLK,
                    &input_iosb, kbd_input_ast, 1,
                    &input_buffer, 1, 0, terminator_mask, 0, 0);
}

int input_count;

/* Ast routine that is called when keyboard input comes in
   in accord with the SYS$QIO above.  */

void
kbd_input_ast ()
{
  register int c = -1;
  int old_errno = errno;
  extern EMACS_TIME *input_available_clear_time;

  if (waiting_for_ast)
    SYS$SETEF (input_ef);
  waiting_for_ast = 0;
  input_count++;
#ifdef ASTDEBUG
  if (input_count == 25)
    exit (1);
  printf ("Ast # %d,", input_count);
  printf (" iosb = %x, %x, %x, %x",
          input_iosb.offset, input_iosb.status, input_iosb.termlen,
          input_iosb.term);
#endif
  if (input_iosb.offset)
    {
      c = input_buffer;
#ifdef ASTDEBUG
      printf (", char = 0%o", c);
#endif
    }
#ifdef ASTDEBUG
  printf ("\n");
  fflush (stdout);
  sleep (1);
#endif
  if (! stop_input)
    queue_kbd_input ();
  if (c >= 0)
    {
      struct input_event e;
      e.kind = ascii_keystroke;
      XSETINT (e.code, c);
      e.frame_or_window = selected_frame;
      kbd_buffer_store_event (&e);
    }
  if (input_available_clear_time)
    EMACS_SET_SECS_USECS (*input_available_clear_time, 0, 0);
  errno = old_errno;
}

/* Wait until there is something in kbd_buffer.  */

void
wait_for_kbd_input ()
{
  extern int have_process_input, process_exited;

  /* If already something, avoid doing system calls.  */
  if (detect_input_pending ())
    {
      return;
    }
  /* Clear a flag, and tell ast routine above to set it.  */
  SYS$CLREF (input_ef);
  waiting_for_ast = 1;
  /* Check for timing error: ast happened while we were doing that.  */
  if (!detect_input_pending ())
    {
      /* No timing error: wait for flag to be set.  */
      set_waiting_for_input (0);
      SYS$WFLOR (input_ef, input_eflist);
      clear_waiting_for_input (0);
      if (!detect_input_pending ())
        /* Check for subprocess input availability */
        {
          int dsp = have_process_input || process_exited;

          SYS$CLREF (process_ef);
          if (have_process_input)
            process_command_input ();
          if (process_exited)
            process_exit ();
          if (dsp)
            {
              update_mode_lines++;
              prepare_menu_bars ();
              redisplay_preserve_echo_area ();
            }
        }
    }
  waiting_for_ast = 0;
}

/* Get rid of any pending QIO, when we are about to suspend
   or when we want to throw away pending input.
   We wait for a positive sign that the AST routine has run
   and therefore there is no I/O request queued when we return.
   SYS$SETAST is used to avoid a timing error.  */

void
end_kbd_input ()
{
#ifdef ASTDEBUG
  printf ("At end_kbd_input.\n");
  fflush (stdout);
  sleep (1);
#endif
  if (LIB$AST_IN_PROG ())  /* Don't wait if suspending from kbd_buffer_store_event! */
    {
      SYS$CANCEL (input_fd);
      return;
    }

  SYS$SETAST (0);
  /* Clear a flag, and tell ast routine above to set it.  */
  SYS$CLREF (input_ef);
  waiting_for_ast = 1;
  stop_input = 1;
  SYS$CANCEL (input_fd);
  SYS$SETAST (1);
  SYS$WAITFR (input_ef);
  waiting_for_ast = 0;
}

/* Wait for either input available or time interval expiry.  */

void
input_wait_timeout (timeval)
     int timeval;               /* Time to wait, in seconds */
{
  int time [2];
  static int zero = 0;
  static int large = -10000000;

  LIB$EMUL (&timeval, &large, &zero, time);       /* Convert to VMS format */

  /* If already something, avoid doing system calls.  */
  if (detect_input_pending ())
    {
      return;
    }
  /* Clear a flag, and tell ast routine above to set it.  */
  SYS$CLREF (input_ef);
  waiting_for_ast = 1;
  /* Check for timing error: ast happened while we were doing that.  */
  if (!detect_input_pending ())
    {
      /* No timing error: wait for flag to be set.  */
      SYS$CANTIM (1, 0);
      if (SYS$SETIMR (timer_ef, time, 0, 1) & 1) /* Set timer */
        SYS$WFLOR (timer_ef, timer_eflist);       /* Wait for timer expiry or input */
    }
  waiting_for_ast = 0;
}

/* The standard `sleep' routine works some other way
   and it stops working if you have ever quit out of it.
   This one continues to work.  */

sys_sleep (timeval)
     int timeval;
{
  int time [2];
  static int zero = 0;
  static int large = -10000000;
  
  LIB$EMUL (&timeval, &large, &zero, time);       /* Convert to VMS format */

  SYS$CANTIM (1, 0);
  if (SYS$SETIMR (timer_ef, time, 0, 1) & 1) /* Set timer */
    SYS$WAITFR (timer_ef);        /* Wait for timer expiry only */
}

void
init_sigio (fd)
     int fd;
{
  request_sigio ();
}

reset_sigio ()
{
  unrequest_sigio ();
}

void
request_sigio ()
{
  croak ("request sigio");
}

void
unrequest_sigio ()
{
  croak ("unrequest sigio");
}

#endif /* VMS */
\f
/* Note that VMS compiler won't accept defined (CANNOT_DUMP).  */
#ifndef CANNOT_DUMP
#define NEED_STARTS
#endif

#ifndef SYSTEM_MALLOC
#ifndef NEED_STARTS
#define NEED_STARTS
#endif
#endif

#ifdef NEED_STARTS
/* Some systems that cannot dump also cannot implement these.  */

/*
 *      Return the address of the start of the text segment prior to
 *      doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
 *      See crt0.c for further explanation and _start.
 *
 */

#if !(defined (__NetBSD__) && defined (__ELF__))
#ifndef HAVE_TEXT_START
char *
start_of_text ()
{
#ifdef TEXT_START
  return ((char *) TEXT_START);
#else
#ifdef GOULD
  extern csrt ();
  return ((char *) csrt);
#else /* not GOULD */
  extern int _start ();
  return ((char *) _start);
#endif /* GOULD */
#endif /* TEXT_START */
}
#endif /* not HAVE_TEXT_START */
#endif

/*
 *      Return the address of the start of the data segment prior to
 *      doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
 *      See crt0.c for further information and definition of data_start.
 *
 *      Apparently, on BSD systems this is etext at startup.  On
 *      USG systems (swapping) this is highly mmu dependent and
 *      is also dependent on whether or not the program is running
 *      with shared text.  Generally there is a (possibly large)
 *      gap between end of text and start of data with shared text.
 *
 *      On Uniplus+ systems with shared text, data starts at a
 *      fixed address.  Each port (from a given oem) is generally
 *      different, and the specific value of the start of data can
 *      be obtained via the UniPlus+ specific "uvar" system call,
 *      however the method outlined in crt0.c seems to be more portable.
 *
 *      Probably what will have to happen when a USG unexec is available,
 *      at least on UniPlus, is temacs will have to be made unshared so
 *      that text and data are contiguous.  Then once loadup is complete,
 *      unexec will produce a shared executable where the data can be
 *      at the normal shared text boundary and the startofdata variable
 *      will be patched by unexec to the correct value.
 *
 */
 
char *
start_of_data ()
{
#ifdef DATA_START
  return ((char *) DATA_START);
#else
#ifdef ORDINARY_LINK
  /*
   * This is a hack.  Since we're not linking crt0.c or pre_crt0.c,
   * data_start isn't defined.  We take the address of environ, which
   * is known to live at or near the start of the system crt0.c, and
   * we don't sweat the handful of bytes that might lose.
   */
  extern char **environ;

  return ((char *) &environ);
#else
  extern int data_start;
  return ((char *) &data_start);
#endif /* ORDINARY_LINK */
#endif /* DATA_START */
}
#endif /* NEED_STARTS (not CANNOT_DUMP or not SYSTEM_MALLOC) */

#ifndef CANNOT_DUMP
/* Some systems that cannot dump also cannot implement these.  */

/*
 *      Return the address of the end of the text segment prior to
 *      doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
 */
 
char *
end_of_text ()
{
#ifdef TEXT_END
  return ((char *) TEXT_END);
#else
  extern int etext;
  return ((char *) &etext);
#endif
}
 
/*
 *      Return the address of the end of the data segment prior to
 *      doing an unexec.  After unexec the return value is undefined.
 */

char *
end_of_data ()
{
#ifdef DATA_END
  return ((char *) DATA_END);
#else
  extern int edata;
  return ((char *) &edata);
#endif
}

#endif /* not CANNOT_DUMP */
\f
/* init_system_name sets up the string for the Lisp function
   system-name to return. */

#ifdef BSD4_1
#include <whoami.h>
#endif

extern Lisp_Object Vsystem_name;

#ifndef BSD4_1
#ifndef VMS
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKETS
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#endif /* HAVE_SOCKETS */
#endif /* not VMS */
#endif /* not BSD4_1 */

void
init_system_name ()
{
#ifdef BSD4_1
  Vsystem_name = build_string (sysname);
#else
#ifdef VMS
  char *sp, *end;
  if ((sp = egetenv ("SYS$NODE")) == 0)
    Vsystem_name = build_string ("vax-vms");
  else if ((end = index (sp, ':')) == 0)
    Vsystem_name = build_string (sp);
  else
    Vsystem_name = make_string (sp, end - sp);
#else
#ifndef HAVE_GETHOSTNAME
  struct utsname uts;
  uname (&uts);
  Vsystem_name = build_string (uts.nodename);
#else /* HAVE_GETHOSTNAME */
  unsigned int hostname_size = 256;
  char *hostname = (char *) alloca (hostname_size);

  /* Try to get the host name; if the buffer is too short, try
     again.  Apparently, the only indication gethostname gives of
     whether the buffer was large enough is the presence or absence
     of a '\0' in the string.  Eech.  */
  for (;;)
    {
      gethostname (hostname, hostname_size - 1);
      hostname[hostname_size - 1] = '\0';

      /* Was the buffer large enough for the '\0'?  */
      if (strlen (hostname) < hostname_size - 1)
        break;

      hostname_size <<= 1;
      hostname = (char *) alloca (hostname_size);
    }
#ifdef HAVE_SOCKETS
  /* Turn the hostname into the official, fully-qualified hostname.
     Don't do this if we're going to dump; this can confuse system
     libraries on some machines and make the dumped emacs core dump. */
#ifndef CANNOT_DUMP
  if (initialized)
#endif /* not CANNOT_DUMP */
    if (! index (hostname, '.'))
      {
        struct hostent *hp;
        int count;
        for (count = 0;; count++)
          {
#ifdef TRY_AGAIN
            h_errno = 0;
#endif
            hp = gethostbyname (hostname);
#ifdef TRY_AGAIN
            if (! (hp == 0 && h_errno == TRY_AGAIN))
#endif
              break;
            if (count >= 5)
              break;
            Fsleep_for (make_number (1), Qnil);
          }
        if (hp)
          {
            char *fqdn = (char *) hp->h_name;
            char *p;

            if (!index (fqdn, '.'))
              {
                /* We still don't have a fully qualified domain name.
                   Try to find one in the list of alternate names */
                char **alias = hp->h_aliases;
                while (*alias && !index (*alias, '.'))
                  alias++;
                if (*alias)
                  fqdn = *alias;
              }
            hostname = fqdn;
#if 0
            /* Convert the host name to lower case.  */
            /* Using ctype.h here would introduce a possible locale
               dependence that is probably wrong for hostnames.  */
            p = hostname;
            while (*p)
              {
                if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
                  *p += 'a' - 'A';
                p++;
              }
#endif
          }
      }
#endif /* HAVE_SOCKETS */
  /* We used to try using getdomainname here,
     but NIIBE Yutaka <gniibe@etl.go.jp> says that
     getdomainname gets the NIS/YP domain which often is not the same
     as in Internet domain name.  */
#if 0 /* Turned off because sysinfo is not really likely to return the
         correct Internet domain.  */
#if (HAVE_SYSINFO && defined (SI_SRPC_DOMAIN))
  if (! index (hostname, '.'))
    {
      /* The hostname is not fully qualified.  Append the domain name.  */

      int hostlen = strlen (hostname);
      int domain_size = 256;

      for (;;)
        {
          char *domain = (char *) alloca (domain_size + 1);
          char *fqdn = (char *) alloca (hostlen + 1 + domain_size + 1);
          int sys_domain_size = sysinfo (SI_SRPC_DOMAIN, domain, domain_size);
          if (sys_domain_size <= 0)
            break;
          if (domain_size < sys_domain_size)
            {
              domain_size = sys_domain_size;
              continue;
            }
          strcpy (fqdn, hostname);
          if (domain[0] == '.')
            strcpy (fqdn + hostlen, domain);
          else if (domain[0] != 0)
            {
              fqdn[hostlen] = '.';
              strcpy (fqdn + hostlen + 1, domain);
            }
          hostname = fqdn;
          break;
        }
    }
#endif /* HAVE_SYSINFO && defined (SI_SRPC_DOMAIN) */
#endif /* 0 */
  Vsystem_name = build_string (hostname);
#endif /* HAVE_GETHOSTNAME */
#endif /* VMS */
#endif /* BSD4_1 */
  {
    unsigned char *p;
    for (p = XSTRING (Vsystem_name)->data; *p; p++)
      if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
        *p = '-';
  }
}
\f
#ifndef MSDOS
#ifndef VMS
#if !defined (HAVE_SELECT) || defined (BROKEN_SELECT_NON_X)

#include "sysselect.h"
#undef select

#if defined (HAVE_X_WINDOWS) && !defined (HAVE_SELECT)
/* Cause explanatory error message at compile time,
   since the select emulation is not good enough for X.  */
int *x = &x_windows_lose_if_no_select_system_call;
#endif

/* Emulate as much as select as is possible under 4.1 and needed by Gnu Emacs
 * Only checks read descriptors.
 */
/* How long to wait between checking fds in select */
#define SELECT_PAUSE 1
int select_alarmed;

/* For longjmp'ing back to read_input_waiting.  */

jmp_buf read_alarm_throw;

/* Nonzero if the alarm signal should throw back to read_input_waiting.
   The read_socket_hook function sets this to 1 while it is waiting.  */

int read_alarm_should_throw;

SIGTYPE
select_alarm ()
{
  select_alarmed = 1;
#ifdef BSD4_1
  sigrelse (SIGALRM);
#else /* not BSD4_1 */
  signal (SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
#endif /* not BSD4_1 */
  if (read_alarm_should_throw)
    longjmp (read_alarm_throw, 1);
}

#ifndef WINDOWSNT
/* Only rfds are checked.  */
int
sys_select (nfds, rfds, wfds, efds, timeout)
     int nfds;
     SELECT_TYPE *rfds, *wfds, *efds;
     EMACS_TIME *timeout;
{
  int ravail = 0;
  SELECT_TYPE orfds;
  int timeoutval;
  int *local_timeout;
  extern int proc_buffered_char[];
#ifndef subprocesses
  int process_tick = 0, update_tick = 0;
#else
  extern int process_tick, update_tick;
#endif
  unsigned char buf;

#if defined (HAVE_SELECT) && defined (HAVE_X_WINDOWS)
  /* If we're using X, then the native select will work; we only need the
     emulation for non-X usage.  */
  if (!NILP (Vwindow_system))
    return select (nfds, rfds, wfds, efds, timeout);
#endif
  timeoutval = timeout ? EMACS_SECS (*timeout) : 100000;
  local_timeout = &timeoutval;
  FD_ZERO (&orfds);
  if (rfds)
    {
      orfds = *rfds;
      FD_ZERO (rfds);
    }
  if (wfds)
    FD_ZERO (wfds);
  if (efds)
    FD_ZERO (efds);

  /* If we are looking only for the terminal, with no timeout,
     just read it and wait -- that's more efficient.  */
  if (*local_timeout == 100000 && process_tick == update_tick
      && FD_ISSET (0, &orfds))
    {
      int fd;
      for (fd = 1; fd < nfds; ++fd)
        if (FD_ISSET (fd, &orfds))
          goto hardway;
      if (! detect_input_pending ())
        read_input_waiting ();
      FD_SET (0, rfds);
      return 1;
    }

 hardway:
  /* Once a second, till the timer expires, check all the flagged read
   * descriptors to see if any input is available.  If there is some then
   * set the corresponding bit in the return copy of rfds.
   */ 
  while (1)
    {
      register int to_check, fd;

      if (rfds)
        {
          for (to_check = nfds, fd = 0; --to_check >= 0; fd++)
            {
              if (FD_ISSET (fd, &orfds))
                {
                  int avail = 0, status = 0;

                  if (fd == 0)
                    avail = detect_input_pending (); /* Special keyboard handler */
                  else
                    {
#ifdef FIONREAD
                      status = ioctl (fd, FIONREAD, &avail);
#else /* no FIONREAD */
                      /* Hoping it will return -1 if nothing available
                         or 0 if all 0 chars requested are read.  */
                      if (proc_buffered_char[fd] >= 0)
                        avail = 1;
                      else
                        {
                          avail = read (fd, &buf, 1);
                          if (avail > 0)
                            proc_buffered_char[fd] = buf;
                        }
#endif /* no FIONREAD */
                    }
                  if (status >= 0 && avail > 0)
                    {
                      FD_SET (fd, rfds);
                      ravail++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      if (*local_timeout == 0 || ravail != 0 || process_tick != update_tick)
        break;

      turn_on_atimers (0);
      signal (SIGALRM, select_alarm);
      select_alarmed = 0;
      alarm (SELECT_PAUSE);
      
      /* Wait for a SIGALRM (or maybe a SIGTINT) */
      while (select_alarmed == 0 && *local_timeout != 0
             && process_tick == update_tick)
        {
          /* If we are interested in terminal input,
             wait by reading the terminal.
             That makes instant wakeup for terminal input at least.  */
          if (FD_ISSET (0, &orfds))
            {
              read_input_waiting ();
              if (detect_input_pending ())
                select_alarmed = 1;
            }
          else
            pause ();
        }
      (*local_timeout) -= SELECT_PAUSE;
      
      /* Reset the old alarm if there was one.  */
      turn_on_atimers (1);
      
      if (*local_timeout == 0)  /* Stop on timer being cleared */
        break;
    }
  return ravail;
}
#endif /* not WINDOWSNT */

/* Read keyboard input into the standard buffer,
   waiting for at least one character.  */

/* Make all keyboard buffers much bigger when using a window system.  */
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
#define BUFFER_SIZE_FACTOR 16
#else
#define BUFFER_SIZE_FACTOR 1
#endif

void
read_input_waiting ()
{
  struct input_event e;
  int nread, i;
  extern int quit_char;

  if (read_socket_hook)
    {
      struct input_event buf[256];

      read_alarm_should_throw = 0;
      if (! setjmp (read_alarm_throw))
        nread = (*read_socket_hook) (0, buf, 256, 1);
      else
        nread = -1;

      /* Scan the chars for C-g and store them in kbd_buffer.  */
      for (i = 0; i < nread; i++)
        {
          kbd_buffer_store_event (&buf[i]);
          /* Don't look at input that follows a C-g too closely.
             This reduces lossage due to autorepeat on C-g.  */
          if (buf[i].kind == ascii_keystroke
              && buf[i].code == quit_char)
            break;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      char buf[3];
      nread = read (fileno (stdin), buf, 1);

      /* Scan the chars for C-g and store them in kbd_buffer.  */
      e.kind = ascii_keystroke;
      e.frame_or_window = selected_frame;
      e.modifiers = 0;
      for (i = 0; i < nread; i++)
        {
          /* Convert chars > 0177 to meta events if desired.
             We do this under the same conditions that read_avail_input does.  */
          if (read_socket_hook == 0)
            {
              /* If the user says she has a meta key, then believe her. */
              if (meta_key == 1 && (buf[i] & 0x80))
                e.modifiers = meta_modifier;
              if (meta_key != 2)
                buf[i] &= ~0x80;
            }

          XSETINT (e.code, buf[i]);
          kbd_buffer_store_event (&e);
          /* Don't look at input that follows a C-g too closely.
             This reduces lossage due to autorepeat on C-g.  */
          if (buf[i] == quit_char)
            break;
        }
    }
}

#endif /* not HAVE_SELECT */
#endif /* not VMS */
#endif /* not MSDOS */
\f
#ifdef BSD4_1
void
init_sigio (fd)
     int fd;
{
  if (noninteractive)
    return;
  lmode = LINTRUP | lmode;
  ioctl (fd, TIOCLSET, &lmode);
}

void
reset_sigio ()
{
  if (noninteractive)
    return;
  lmode = ~LINTRUP & lmode;
  ioctl (0, TIOCLSET, &lmode);
}

void
request_sigio ()
{
  sigrelse (SIGTINT);

  interrupts_deferred = 0;
}

void
unrequest_sigio ()
{
  sighold (SIGTINT);

  interrupts_deferred = 1;
}

/* still inside #ifdef BSD4_1 */
#ifdef subprocesses

int sigheld; /* Mask of held signals */

void
sigholdx (signum)
     int signum;
{
  sigheld |= sigbit (signum);
  sighold (signum);
}

void
sigisheld (signum)
     int signum;
{
  sigheld |= sigbit (signum);
}

void
sigunhold (signum)
     int signum;
{
  sigheld &= ~sigbit (signum);
  sigrelse (signum);
}

void
sigfree ()    /* Free all held signals */
{
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < NSIG; i++)
    if (sigheld & sigbit (i))
      sigrelse (i);
  sigheld = 0;
}

int
sigbit (i)
{
  return 1 << (i - 1);
}
#endif /* subprocesses */
#endif /* BSD4_1 */
\f
/* POSIX signals support - DJB */
/* Anyone with POSIX signals should have ANSI C declarations */

#ifdef POSIX_SIGNALS

sigset_t empty_mask, full_mask;

signal_handler_t
sys_signal (int signal_number, signal_handler_t action)
{
  struct sigaction new_action, old_action;
  sigemptyset (&new_action.sa_mask);
  new_action.sa_handler = action;
#ifdef SA_RESTART
  /* Emacs mostly works better with restartable system services. If this
   * flag exists, we probably want to turn it on here.
   */
  new_action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
#else
  new_action.sa_flags = 0;
#endif
  sigaction (signal_number, &new_action, &old_action);
  return (old_action.sa_handler);
}

#ifndef __GNUC__
/* If we're compiling with GCC, we don't need this function, since it
   can be written as a macro.  */
sigset_t
sys_sigmask (int sig)
{
  sigset_t mask;
  sigemptyset (&mask);
  sigaddset (&mask, sig);
  return mask;
}
#endif

/* I'd like to have these guys return pointers to the mask storage in here,
   but there'd be trouble if the code was saving multiple masks.  I'll be
   safe and pass the structure.  It normally won't be more than 2 bytes
   anyhow. - DJB */

sigset_t
sys_sigblock (sigset_t new_mask)
{
  sigset_t old_mask;
  sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &new_mask, &old_mask);
  return (old_mask);
}

sigset_t
sys_sigunblock (sigset_t new_mask)
{
  sigset_t old_mask;
  sigprocmask (SIG_UNBLOCK, &new_mask, &old_mask);
  return (old_mask);
}

sigset_t
sys_sigsetmask (sigset_t new_mask)
{
  sigset_t old_mask;
  sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &new_mask, &old_mask);
  return (old_mask);
}

#endif /* POSIX_SIGNALS */
\f
#if !defined HAVE_STRSIGNAL && !defined SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED
static char *my_sys_siglist[NSIG];
# ifdef sys_siglist
#  undef sys_siglist
# endif
# define sys_siglist my_sys_siglist
#endif

void
init_signals ()
{
#ifdef POSIX_SIGNALS
  sigemptyset (&empty_mask);
  sigfillset (&full_mask);
#endif

#if !defined HAVE_STRSIGNAL && !defined SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED
  if (! initialized)
    {
# ifdef SIGABRT
      sys_siglist[SIGABRT] = "Aborted";
# endif
# ifdef SIGAIO
      sys_siglist[SIGAIO] = "LAN I/O interrupt";
# endif
# ifdef SIGALRM
      sys_siglist[SIGALRM] = "Alarm clock";
# endif
# ifdef SIGBUS
      sys_siglist[SIGBUS] = "Bus error";
# endif
# ifdef SIGCLD
      sys_siglist[SIGCLD] = "Child status changed";
# endif
# ifdef SIGCHLD
      sys_siglist[SIGCHLD] = "Child status changed";
# endif
# ifdef SIGCONT
      sys_siglist[SIGCONT] = "Continued";
# endif
# ifdef SIGDANGER
      sys_siglist[SIGDANGER] = "Swap space dangerously low";
# endif
# ifdef SIGDGNOTIFY
      sys_siglist[SIGDGNOTIFY] = "Notification message in queue";
# endif
# ifdef SIGEMT
      sys_siglist[SIGEMT] = "Emulation trap";
# endif
# ifdef SIGFPE
      sys_siglist[SIGFPE] = "Arithmetic exception";
# endif
# ifdef SIGFREEZE
      sys_siglist[SIGFREEZE] = "SIGFREEZE";
# endif
# ifdef SIGGRANT
      sys_siglist[SIGGRANT] = "Monitor mode granted";
# endif
# ifdef SIGHUP
      sys_siglist[SIGHUP] = "Hangup";
# endif
# ifdef SIGILL
      sys_siglist[SIGILL] = "Illegal instruction";
# endif
# ifdef SIGINT
      sys_siglist[SIGINT] = "Interrupt";
# endif
# ifdef SIGIO
      sys_siglist[SIGIO] = "I/O possible";
# endif
# ifdef SIGIOINT
      sys_siglist[SIGIOINT] = "I/O intervention required";
# endif
# ifdef SIGIOT
      sys_siglist[SIGIOT] = "IOT trap";
# endif
# ifdef SIGKILL
      sys_siglist[SIGKILL] = "Killed";
# endif
# ifdef SIGLOST
      sys_siglist[SIGLOST] = "Resource lost";
# endif
# ifdef SIGLWP
      sys_siglist[SIGLWP] = "SIGLWP";
# endif
# ifdef SIGMSG
      sys_siglist[SIGMSG] = "Monitor mode data available";
# endif
# ifdef SIGPHONE
      sys_siglist[SIGWIND] = "SIGPHONE";
# endif
# ifdef SIGPIPE
      sys_siglist[SIGPIPE] = "Broken pipe";
# endif
# ifdef SIGPOLL
      sys_siglist[SIGPOLL] = "Pollable event occurred";
# endif
# ifdef SIGPROF
      sys_siglist[SIGPROF] = "Profiling timer expired";
# endif
# ifdef SIGPTY
      sys_siglist[SIGPTY] = "PTY I/O interrupt";
# endif
# ifdef SIGPWR
      sys_siglist[SIGPWR] = "Power-fail restart";
# endif
# ifdef SIGQUIT
      sys_siglist[SIGQUIT] = "Quit";
# endif
# ifdef SIGRETRACT
      sys_siglist[SIGRETRACT] = "Need to relinguish monitor mode";
# endif
# ifdef SIGSAK
      sys_siglist[SIGSAK] = "Secure attention";
# endif
# ifdef SIGSEGV
      sys_siglist[SIGSEGV] = "Segmentation violation";
# endif
# ifdef SIGSOUND
      sys_siglist[SIGSOUND] = "Sound completed";
# endif
# ifdef SIGSTOP
      sys_siglist[SIGSTOP] = "Stopped (signal)";
# endif
# ifdef SIGSTP
      sys_siglist[SIGSTP] = "Stopped (user)";
# endif
# ifdef SIGSYS
      sys_siglist[SIGSYS] = "Bad argument to system call";
# endif
# ifdef SIGTERM
      sys_siglist[SIGTERM] = "Terminated";
# endif
# ifdef SIGTHAW
      sys_siglist[SIGTHAW] = "SIGTHAW";
# endif
# ifdef SIGTRAP
      sys_siglist[SIGTRAP] = "Trace/breakpoint trap";
# endif
# ifdef SIGTSTP
      sys_siglist[SIGTSTP] = "Stopped (user)";
# endif
# ifdef SIGTTIN
      sys_siglist[SIGTTIN] = "Stopped (tty input)";
# endif
# ifdef SIGTTOU
      sys_siglist[SIGTTOU] = "Stopped (tty output)";
# endif
# ifdef SIGURG
      sys_siglist[SIGURG] = "Urgent I/O condition";
# endif
# ifdef SIGUSR1
      sys_siglist[SIGUSR1] = "User defined signal 1";
# endif
# ifdef SIGUSR2
      sys_siglist[SIGUSR2] = "User defined signal 2";
# endif
# ifdef SIGVTALRM
      sys_siglist[SIGVTALRM] = "Virtual timer expired";
# endif
# ifdef SIGWAITING
      sys_siglist[SIGWAITING] = "Process's LWPs are blocked";
# endif
# ifdef SIGWINCH
      sys_siglist[SIGWINCH] = "Window size changed";
# endif
# ifdef SIGWIND
      sys_siglist[SIGWIND] = "SIGWIND";
# endif
# ifdef SIGXCPU
      sys_siglist[SIGXCPU] = "CPU time limit exceeded";
# endif
# ifdef SIGXFSZ
      sys_siglist[SIGXFSZ] = "File size limit exceeded";
# endif
    }
#endif /* !defined HAVE_STRSIGNAL && !defined SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED */
}
\f
#ifndef HAVE_RANDOM
#ifdef random
#define HAVE_RANDOM
#endif
#endif

/* Figure out how many bits the system's random number generator uses.
   `random' and `lrand48' are assumed to return 31 usable bits.
   BSD `rand' returns a 31 bit value but the low order bits are unusable;
   so we'll shift it and treat it like the 15-bit USG `rand'.  */

#ifndef RAND_BITS
# ifdef HAVE_RANDOM
#  define RAND_BITS 31
# else /* !HAVE_RANDOM */
#  ifdef HAVE_LRAND48
#   define RAND_BITS 31
#   define random lrand48
#  else /* !HAVE_LRAND48 */
#   define RAND_BITS 15
#   if RAND_MAX == 32767
#    define random rand
#   else /* RAND_MAX != 32767 */
#    if RAND_MAX == 2147483647
#     define random() (rand () >> 16)
#    else /* RAND_MAX != 2147483647 */
#     ifdef USG
#      define random rand
#     else
#      define random() (rand () >> 16)
#     endif /* !USG */
#    endif /* RAND_MAX != 2147483647 */
#   endif /* RAND_MAX != 32767 */
#  endif /* !HAVE_LRAND48 */
# endif /* !HAVE_RANDOM */
#endif /* !RAND_BITS */

void
seed_random (arg)
     long arg;
{
#ifdef HAVE_RANDOM
  srandom ((unsigned int)arg);
#else
# ifdef HAVE_LRAND48
  srand48 (arg);
# else
  srand ((unsigned int)arg);
# endif
#endif
}

/*
 * Build a full Emacs-sized word out of whatever we've got.
 * This suffices even for a 64-bit architecture with a 15-bit rand.
 */
long
get_random ()
{
  long val = random ();
#if VALBITS > RAND_BITS
  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
#if VALBITS > 2*RAND_BITS
  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
#if VALBITS > 3*RAND_BITS
  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
#if VALBITS > 4*RAND_BITS
  val = (val << RAND_BITS) ^ random ();
#endif /* need at least 5 */
#endif /* need at least 4 */
#endif /* need at least 3 */
#endif /* need at least 2 */
  return val & ((1L << VALBITS) - 1);
}
\f
#ifdef WRONG_NAME_INSQUE

insque (q,p)
     caddr_t q,p;
{
  _insque (q,p);
}

#endif
\f
#ifdef VMS

#ifdef getenv
/* If any place else asks for the TERM variable,
   allow it to be overridden with the EMACS_TERM variable
   before attempting to translate the logical name TERM.  As a last
   resort, ask for VAX C's special idea of the TERM variable.  */
#undef getenv
char *
sys_getenv (name)
     char *name;
{
  register char *val;
  static char buf[256];
  static struct dsc$descriptor_s equiv
    = {sizeof (buf), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, buf};
  static struct dsc$descriptor_s d_name
    = {0, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, 0};
  short eqlen;

  if (!strcmp (name, "TERM"))
    {
      val = (char *) getenv ("EMACS_TERM");
      if (val)
        return val;
    }

  d_name.dsc$w_length = strlen (name);
  d_name.dsc$a_pointer = name;
  if (LIB$SYS_TRNLOG (&d_name, &eqlen, &equiv) == 1)
    {
      char *str = (char *) xmalloc (eqlen + 1);
      bcopy (buf, str, eqlen);
      str[eqlen] = '\0';
      /* This is a storage leak, but a pain to fix.  With luck,
         no one will ever notice.  */
      return str;
    }
  return (char *) getenv (name);
}
#endif /* getenv */

#ifdef abort
/* Since VMS doesn't believe in core dumps, the only way to debug this beast is
   to force a call on the debugger from within the image. */
#undef abort
sys_abort ()
{
  reset_sys_modes ();
  LIB$SIGNAL (SS$_DEBUG);
}
#endif /* abort */
#endif /* VMS */
\f
#ifdef VMS
#ifdef LINK_CRTL_SHARE
#ifdef SHARABLE_LIB_BUG
/* Variables declared noshare and initialized in sharable libraries
   cannot be shared.  The VMS linker incorrectly forces you to use a private
   version which is uninitialized... If not for this "feature", we
   could use the C library definition of sys_nerr and sys_errlist. */
int sys_nerr = 35;
char *sys_errlist[] =
  {
    "error 0",
    "not owner",
    "no such file or directory",
    "no such process",
    "interrupted system call",
    "i/o error",
    "no such device or address",
    "argument list too long",
    "exec format error",
    "bad file number",
    "no child process",
    "no more processes",
    "not enough memory",
    "permission denied",
    "bad address",
    "block device required",
    "mount devices busy",
    "file exists",
    "cross-device link",
    "no such device",
    "not a directory",
    "is a directory",
    "invalid argument",
    "file table overflow",
    "too many open files",
    "not a typewriter",
    "text file busy",
    "file too big",
    "no space left on device",
    "illegal seek",
    "read-only file system",
    "too many links",
    "broken pipe",
    "math argument",
    "result too large",
    "I/O stream empty",
    "vax/vms specific error code nontranslatable error"
  };
#endif /* SHARABLE_LIB_BUG */
#endif /* LINK_CRTL_SHARE */
#endif /* VMS */

#ifndef HAVE_STRERROR
#ifndef WINDOWSNT
char *
strerror (errnum)
     int errnum;
{
  extern char *sys_errlist[];
  extern int sys_nerr;

  if (errnum >= 0 && errnum < sys_nerr)
    return sys_errlist[errnum];
  return (char *) "Unknown error";
}
#endif /* not WINDOWSNT */
#endif /* ! HAVE_STRERROR */
\f
int
emacs_open (path, oflag, mode)
     char *path;
     int oflag, mode;
{
  register int rtnval;

#ifdef BSD4_1
  if (oflag & O_CREAT) 
    return creat (path, mode);
#endif
  
  while ((rtnval = open (path, oflag, mode)) == -1
         && (errno == EINTR));
  return (rtnval);
}

int
emacs_close (fd)
     int fd;
{
  int did_retry = 0;
  register int rtnval;

  while ((rtnval = close (fd)) == -1
         && (errno == EINTR))
    did_retry = 1;

  /* If close is interrupted SunOS 4.1 may or may not have closed the
     file descriptor.  If it did the second close will fail with
     errno = EBADF.  That means we have succeeded.  */
  if (rtnval == -1 && did_retry && errno == EBADF)
    return 0;

  return rtnval;
}

int
emacs_read (fildes, buf, nbyte)
     int fildes;
     char *buf;
     unsigned int nbyte;
{
  register int rtnval;
  
  while ((rtnval = read (fildes, buf, nbyte)) == -1
         && (errno == EINTR));
  return (rtnval);
}

int
emacs_write (fildes, buf, nbyte)
     int fildes;
     char *buf;
     unsigned int nbyte;
{
  register int rtnval, bytes_written;

  bytes_written = 0;

  while (nbyte > 0)
    {
      rtnval = write (fildes, buf, nbyte);

      if (rtnval == -1)
        {
          if (errno == EINTR)
            continue;
          else
            return (bytes_written ? bytes_written : -1);
        }

      buf += rtnval;
      nbyte -= rtnval;
      bytes_written += rtnval;
    }
  return (bytes_written);
}
\f
#ifdef USG
/*
 *      All of the following are for USG.
 *
 *      On USG systems the system calls are INTERRUPTIBLE by signals
 *      that the user program has elected to catch.  Thus the system call
 *      must be retried in these cases.  To handle this without massive
 *      changes in the source code, we remap the standard system call names
 *      to names for our own functions in sysdep.c that do the system call
 *      with retries.  Actually, for portability reasons, it is good
 *      programming practice, as this example shows, to limit all actual
 *      system calls to a single occurrence in the source.  Sure, this
 *      adds an extra level of function call overhead but it is almost
 *      always negligible.   Fred Fish, Unisoft Systems Inc.
 */

/*
 *      Warning, this function may not duplicate 4.2 action properly
 *      under error conditions.
 */

#ifndef MAXPATHLEN
/* In 4.1, param.h fails to define this.  */
#define MAXPATHLEN 1024
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_GETWD

char *
getwd (pathname)
     char *pathname;
{
  char *npath, *spath;
  extern char *getcwd ();

  BLOCK_INPUT;                  /* getcwd uses malloc */
  spath = npath = getcwd ((char *) 0, MAXPATHLEN);
  if (spath == 0)
    return spath;
  /* On Altos 3068, getcwd can return @hostname/dir, so discard
     up to first slash.  Should be harmless on other systems.  */
  while (*npath && *npath != '/')
    npath++;
  strcpy (pathname, npath);
  free (spath);                 /* getcwd uses malloc */
  UNBLOCK_INPUT;
  return pathname;
}

#endif /* HAVE_GETWD */

/*
 *      Emulate rename using unlink/link.  Note that this is
 *      only partially correct.  Also, doesn't enforce restriction
 *      that files be of same type (regular->regular, dir->dir, etc).
 */

#ifndef HAVE_RENAME

rename (from, to)
     const char *from;
     const char *to;
{
  if (access (from, 0) == 0)
    {
      unlink (to);
      if (link (from, to) == 0)
        if (unlink (from) == 0)
          return (0);
    }
  return (-1);
}

#endif


#ifdef HPUX
#ifndef HAVE_PERROR

/* HPUX curses library references perror, but as far as we know
   it won't be called.  Anyway this definition will do for now.  */

perror ()
{
}

#endif /* not HAVE_PERROR */
#endif /* HPUX */

#ifndef HAVE_DUP2

/*
 *      Emulate BSD dup2.  First close newd if it already exists.
 *      Then, attempt to dup oldd.  If not successful, call dup2 recursively
 *      until we are, then close the unsuccessful ones.
 */

dup2 (oldd, newd)
     int oldd;
     int newd;
{
  register int fd, ret;
  
  emacs_close (newd);

#ifdef F_DUPFD
  return fcntl (oldd, F_DUPFD, newd);
#else
  fd = dup (old);
  if (fd == -1)
    return -1;
  if (fd == new)
    return new;
  ret = dup2 (old,new);
  emacs_close (fd);
  return ret;
#endif
}

#endif /* not HAVE_DUP2 */

/*
 *      Gettimeofday.  Simulate as much as possible.  Only accurate
 *      to nearest second.  Emacs doesn't use tzp so ignore it for now.
 *      Only needed when subprocesses are defined.
 */

#ifdef subprocesses
#ifndef VMS
#ifndef HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
#ifdef HAVE_TIMEVAL
 
/* ARGSUSED */
int
gettimeofday (tp, tzp)
     struct timeval *tp;
     struct timezone *tzp;
{
  extern long time ();

  tp->tv_sec = time ((long *)0);    
  tp->tv_usec = 0;
  if (tzp != 0)
    tzp->tz_minuteswest = -1;
  return 0;
}
 
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif /* subprocess && !HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY && HAVE_TIMEVAL && !VMS */
  
/*
 *      This function will go away as soon as all the stubs fixed. (fnf)
 */

void
croak (badfunc)
     char *badfunc;
{
  printf ("%s not yet implemented\r\n", badfunc);
  reset_sys_modes ();
  exit (1);
}

#endif /* USG */
\f
/* Directory routines for systems that don't have them. */

#ifdef SYSV_SYSTEM_DIR

#include <dirent.h>

#if defined (BROKEN_CLOSEDIR) || !defined (HAVE_CLOSEDIR)

int
closedir (dirp)
     register DIR *dirp;              /* stream from opendir */
{
  int rtnval;

  rtnval = emacs_close (dirp->dd_fd);

  /* Some systems (like Solaris) allocate the buffer and the DIR all
     in one block.  Why in the world are we freeing this ourselves
     anyway?  */
#if ! (defined (sun) && defined (USG5_4))
  xfree ((char *) dirp->dd_buf); /* directory block defined in <dirent.h> */
#endif
  xfree ((char *) dirp);

  return rtnval;
}
#endif /* BROKEN_CLOSEDIR or not HAVE_CLOSEDIR */
#endif /* SYSV_SYSTEM_DIR */

#ifdef NONSYSTEM_DIR_LIBRARY

DIR *
opendir (filename)
     char *filename;    /* name of directory */
{
  register DIR *dirp;           /* -> malloc'ed storage */
  register int fd;              /* file descriptor for read */
  struct stat sbuf;             /* result of fstat */

  fd = emacs_open (filename, O_RDONLY, 0);
  if (fd < 0)
    return 0;

  BLOCK_INPUT;
  if (fstat (fd, &sbuf) < 0
      || (sbuf.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFDIR
      || (dirp = (DIR *) xmalloc (sizeof (DIR))) == 0)
    {
      emacs_close (fd);
      UNBLOCK_INPUT;
      return 0;         /* bad luck today */
    }
  UNBLOCK_INPUT;

  dirp->dd_fd = fd;
  dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size = 0;     /* refill needed */

  return dirp;
}

void
closedir (dirp)
     register DIR *dirp;                /* stream from opendir */
{
  emacs_close (dirp->dd_fd);
  xfree ((char *) dirp);
}


#ifndef VMS
#define DIRSIZ  14
struct olddir
  {
    ino_t od_ino;               /* inode */
    char od_name[DIRSIZ];       /* filename */
  };
#endif /* not VMS */

struct direct dir_static;       /* simulated directory contents */

/* ARGUSED */
struct direct *
readdir (dirp)
     register DIR *dirp;        /* stream from opendir */
{
#ifndef VMS
  register struct olddir *dp;   /* -> directory data */
#else /* VMS */
  register struct dir$_name *dp; /* -> directory data */
  register struct dir$_version *dv; /* -> version data */
#endif /* VMS */

  for (; ;)
    {
      if (dirp->dd_loc >= dirp->dd_size)
        dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size = 0;

      if (dirp->dd_size == 0    /* refill buffer */
          && (dirp->dd_size = emacs_read (dirp->dd_fd, dirp->dd_buf, DIRBLKSIZ)) <= 0)
        return 0;

#ifndef VMS
      dp = (struct olddir *) &dirp->dd_buf[dirp->dd_loc];
      dirp->dd_loc += sizeof (struct olddir);

      if (dp->od_ino != 0)      /* not deleted entry */
        {
          dir_static.d_ino = dp->od_ino;
          strncpy (dir_static.d_name, dp->od_name, DIRSIZ);
          dir_static.d_name[DIRSIZ] = '\0';
          dir_static.d_namlen = strlen (dir_static.d_name);
          dir_static.d_reclen = sizeof (struct direct)
            - MAXNAMLEN + 3
              + dir_static.d_namlen - dir_static.d_namlen % 4;
          return &dir_static;   /* -> simulated structure */
        }
#else /* VMS */
      dp = (struct dir$_name *) dirp->dd_buf;
      if (dirp->dd_loc == 0)
        dirp->dd_loc = (dp->dir$b_namecount&1) ? dp->dir$b_namecount + 1
          : dp->dir$b_namecount;
      dv = (struct dir$_version *)&dp->dir$t_name[dirp->dd_loc];
      dir_static.d_ino = dv->dir$w_fid_num;
      dir_static.d_namlen = dp->dir$b_namecount;
      dir_static.d_reclen = sizeof (struct direct)
        - MAXNAMLEN + 3
          + dir_static.d_namlen - dir_static.d_namlen % 4;
      strncpy (dir_static.d_name, dp->dir$t_name, dp->dir$b_namecount);
      dir_static.d_name[dir_static.d_namlen] = '\0';
      dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size; /* only one record at a time */
      return &dir_static;
#endif /* VMS */
    }
}

#ifdef VMS
/* readdirver is just like readdir except it returns all versions of a file
   as separate entries.  */

/* ARGUSED */
struct direct *
readdirver (dirp)
     register DIR *dirp;        /* stream from opendir */
{
  register struct dir$_name *dp; /* -> directory data */
  register struct dir$_version *dv; /* -> version data */

  if (dirp->dd_loc >= dirp->dd_size - sizeof (struct dir$_name))
    dirp->dd_loc = dirp->dd_size = 0;

  if (dirp->dd_size == 0        /* refill buffer */
      && (dirp->dd_size = sys_read (dirp->dd_fd, dirp->dd_buf, DIRBLKSIZ)) <= 0)
    return 0;

  dp = (struct dir$_name *) dirp->dd_buf;
  if (dirp->dd_loc == 0)
    dirp->dd_loc = (dp->dir$b_namecount & 1) ? dp->dir$b_namecount + 1
                   : dp->dir$b_namecount;
  dv = (struct dir$_version *) &dp->dir$t_name[dirp->dd_loc];
  strncpy (dir_static.d_name, dp->dir$t_name, dp->dir$b_namecount);
  sprintf (&dir_static.d_name[dp->dir$b_namecount], ";%d", dv->dir$w_version);
  dir_static.d_namlen = strlen (dir_static.d_name);
  dir_static.d_ino = dv->dir$w_fid_num;
  dir_static.d_reclen = sizeof (struct direct) - MAXNAMLEN + 3
                        + dir_static.d_namlen - dir_static.d_namlen % 4;
  dirp->dd_loc = ((char *) (++dv) - dp->dir$t_name);
  return &dir_static;
}

#endif /* VMS */

#endif /* NONSYSTEM_DIR_LIBRARY */

\f
int
set_file_times (filename, atime, mtime)
     char *filename;
     EMACS_TIME atime, mtime;
{
#ifdef HAVE_UTIMES
  struct timeval tv[2];
  tv[0] = atime;
  tv[1] = mtime;
  return utimes (filename, tv);
#else /* not HAVE_UTIMES */
  struct utimbuf utb;
  utb.actime = EMACS_SECS (atime);
  utb.modtime = EMACS_SECS (mtime);
  return utime (filename, &utb);
#endif /* not HAVE_UTIMES */
}
\f
/* mkdir and rmdir functions, for systems which don't have them.  */

#ifndef HAVE_MKDIR
/*
 * Written by Robert Rother, Mariah Corporation, August 1985.
 *
 * If you want it, it's yours.  All I ask in return is that if you
 * figure out how to do this in a Bourne Shell script you send me
 * a copy.
 *                                      sdcsvax!rmr or rmr@uscd
 *
 * Severely hacked over by John Gilmore to make a 4.2BSD compatible
 * subroutine.  11Mar86; hoptoad!gnu
 *
 * Modified by rmtodd@uokmax 6-28-87 -- when making an already existing dir,
 * subroutine didn't return EEXIST.  It does now.
 */

/*
 * Make a directory.
 */
#ifdef MKDIR_PROTOTYPE
MKDIR_PROTOTYPE
#else
int
mkdir (dpath, dmode)
     char *dpath;
     int dmode;
#endif
{
  int cpid, status, fd;
  struct stat statbuf;

  if (stat (dpath, &statbuf) == 0)
    {
      errno = EEXIST;           /* Stat worked, so it already exists */
      return -1;
    }

  /* If stat fails for a reason other than non-existence, return error */
  if (errno != ENOENT)
    return -1;

  synch_process_alive = 1;
  switch (cpid = fork ())
    {

    case -1:                    /* Error in fork */
      return (-1);              /* Errno is set already */

    case 0:                     /* Child process */
      /*
                 * Cheap hack to set mode of new directory.  Since this
                 * child process is going away anyway, we zap its umask.
                 * FIXME, this won't suffice to set SUID, SGID, etc. on this
                 * directory.  Does anybody care?
                 */
      status = umask (0);       /* Get current umask */
      status = umask (status | (0777 & ~dmode));        /* Set for mkdir */
      fd = emacs_open ("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
      if (fd >= 0)
        {
          dup2 (fd, 0);
          dup2 (fd, 1);
          dup2 (fd, 2);
        }
      execl ("/bin/mkdir", "mkdir", dpath, (char *) 0);
      _exit (-1);               /* Can't exec /bin/mkdir */

    default:                    /* Parent process */
      wait_for_termination (cpid);
    }

  if (synch_process_death != 0 || synch_process_retcode != 0)
    {
      errno = EIO;              /* We don't know why, but */
      return -1;                /* /bin/mkdir failed */
    }

  return 0;
}
#endif /* not HAVE_MKDIR */

#ifndef HAVE_RMDIR
int
rmdir (dpath)
     char *dpath;
{
  int cpid, status, fd;
  struct stat statbuf;

  if (stat (dpath, &statbuf) != 0)
    {
      /* Stat just set errno.  We don't have to */
      return -1;
    }

  synch_process_alive = 1;
  switch (cpid = fork ())
    {

    case -1:                    /* Error in fork */
      return (-1);              /* Errno is set already */

    case 0:                     /* Child process */
      fd = emacs_open ("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
      if (fd >= 0)
        {
          dup2 (fd, 0);
          dup2 (fd, 1);
          dup2 (fd, 2);
        }
      execl ("/bin/rmdir", "rmdir", dpath, (char *) 0);
      _exit (-1);               /* Can't exec /bin/rmdir */

    default:                    /* Parent process */
      wait_for_termination (cpid);
    }

  if (synch_process_death != 0 || synch_process_retcode != 0)
    {
      errno = EIO;              /* We don't know why, but */
      return -1;                /* /bin/rmdir failed */
    }

  return 0;
}
#endif /* !HAVE_RMDIR */


\f
/* Functions for VMS */
#ifdef VMS
#include "vms-pwd.h"
#include <acldef.h>
#include <chpdef.h>
#include <jpidef.h>

/* Return as a string the VMS error string pertaining to STATUS.
   Reuses the same static buffer each time it is called.  */

char *
vmserrstr (status)
     int status;                /* VMS status code */
{
  int bufadr[2];
  short len;
  static char buf[257];

  bufadr[0] = sizeof buf - 1;
  bufadr[1] = (int) buf;
  if (! (SYS$GETMSG (status, &len, bufadr, 0x1, 0) & 1))
    return "untranslatable VMS error status";
  buf[len] = '\0';
  return buf;
}

#ifdef access
#undef access
  
/* The following is necessary because 'access' emulation by VMS C (2.0) does
 * not work correctly.  (It also doesn't work well in version 2.3.)
 */

#ifdef VMS4_4

#define DESCRIPTOR(name,string) struct dsc$descriptor_s name = \
        { strlen (string), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, string }

typedef union {
    struct {
        unsigned short s_buflen;
        unsigned short s_code;
        char *s_bufadr;
        unsigned short *s_retlenadr;
    } s;
    int end;
} item;
#define buflen s.s_buflen
#define code s.s_code
#define bufadr s.s_bufadr
#define retlenadr s.s_retlenadr

#define R_OK 4  /* test for read permission */
#define W_OK 2  /* test for write permission */
#define X_OK 1  /* test for execute (search) permission */
#define F_OK 0  /* test for presence of file */

int
sys_access (path, mode)
     char *path;
     int mode;
{
  static char *user = NULL;
  char dir_fn[512];

  /* translate possible directory spec into .DIR file name, so brain-dead
   * access can treat the directory like a file.  */
  if (directory_file_name (path, dir_fn))
    path = dir_fn;
  
  if (mode == F_OK)
    return access (path, mode);
  if (user == NULL && (user = (char *) getenv ("USER")) == NULL)
    return -1;
  {
    int stat;
    int flags;
    int acces;
    unsigned short int dummy;
    item itemlst[3];
    static int constant = ACL$C_FILE;
    DESCRIPTOR (path_desc, path);
    DESCRIPTOR (user_desc, user);
 
    flags = 0;
    acces = 0;
    if ((mode & X_OK) && ((stat = access (path, mode)) < 0 || mode == X_OK))
      return stat;
    if (mode & R_OK)
      acces |= CHP$M_READ;
    if (mode & W_OK)
      acces |= CHP$M_WRITE;
    itemlst[0].buflen = sizeof (int);
    itemlst[0].code = CHP$_FLAGS;
    itemlst[0].bufadr = (char *) &flags;
    itemlst[0].retlenadr = &dummy;
    itemlst[1].buflen = sizeof (int);
    itemlst[1].code = CHP$_ACCESS;
    itemlst[1].bufadr = (char *) &acces;
    itemlst[1].retlenadr = &dummy;
    itemlst[2].end = CHP$_END;
    stat = SYS$CHECK_ACCESS (&constant, &path_desc, &user_desc, itemlst);
    return stat == SS$_NORMAL ? 0 : -1;
  }
}

#else /* not VMS4_4 */

#include <prvdef.h>
#define ACE$M_WRITE     2
#define ACE$C_KEYID     1

static unsigned short memid, grpid;
static unsigned int uic;

/* Called from init_sys_modes, so it happens not very often
   but at least each time Emacs is loaded.  */
void
sys_access_reinit ()
{
  uic = 0;
}

int
sys_access (filename, type)
     char * filename;
     int type;
{
  struct FAB fab;
  struct XABPRO xab;
  int status, size, i, typecode, acl_controlled;
  unsigned int *aclptr, *aclend, aclbuf[60];
  union prvdef prvmask;

  /* Get UIC and GRP values for protection checking.  */
  if (uic == 0)
    {
      status = LIB$GETJPI (&JPI$_UIC, 0, 0, &uic, 0, 0);
      if (! (status & 1))
        return -1;
      memid = uic & 0xFFFF;
      grpid = uic >> 16;
    }

  if (type != 2)                /* not checking write access */
    return access (filename, type);

  /* Check write protection. */
    
#define CHECKPRIV(bit)    (prvmask.bit)
#define WRITABLE(field)  (! ((xab.xab$w_pro >> field) & XAB$M_NOWRITE))

  /* Find privilege bits */
  status = SYS$SETPRV (0, 0, 0, prvmask);
  if (! (status & 1))
    error ("Unable to find privileges: %s", vmserrstr (status));
  if (CHECKPRIV (PRV$V_BYPASS))
    return 0;                   /* BYPASS enabled */
  fab = cc$rms_fab;
  fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
  fab.fab$l_fna = filename;
  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (filename);
  fab.fab$l_xab = &xab;
  xab = cc$rms_xabpro;
  xab.xab$l_aclbuf = aclbuf;
  xab.xab$w_aclsiz = sizeof (aclbuf);
  status = SYS$OPEN (&fab, 0, 0);
  if (! (status & 1))
    return -1;
  SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
  /* Check system access */
  if (CHECKPRIV (PRV$V_SYSPRV) && WRITABLE (XAB$V_SYS))
    return 0;
  /* Check ACL entries, if any */
  acl_controlled = 0;
  if (xab.xab$w_acllen > 0)
    {
      aclptr = aclbuf;
      aclend = &aclbuf[xab.xab$w_acllen / 4];
      while (*aclptr && aclptr < aclend)
        {
          size = (*aclptr & 0xff) / 4;
          typecode = (*aclptr >> 8) & 0xff;
          if (typecode == ACE$C_KEYID)
            for (i = size - 1; i > 1; i--)
              if (aclptr[i] == uic)
                {
                  acl_controlled = 1;
                  if (aclptr[1] & ACE$M_WRITE)
                    return 0;   /* Write access through ACL */
                }
          aclptr = &aclptr[size];
        }
      if (acl_controlled)       /* ACL specified, prohibits write access */
        return -1;
    }
  /* No ACL entries specified, check normal protection */
  if (WRITABLE (XAB$V_WLD))     /* World writable */
    return 0;
  if (WRITABLE (XAB$V_GRP) &&
      (unsigned short) (xab.xab$l_uic >> 16) == grpid)
    return 0;                   /* Group writable */
  if (WRITABLE (XAB$V_OWN) &&
      (xab.xab$l_uic & 0xFFFF) == memid)
    return 0;                   /* Owner writable */

  return -1;    /* Not writable */
}
#endif /* not VMS4_4 */
#endif /* access */
  
static char vtbuf[NAM$C_MAXRSS+1];

/* translate a vms file spec to a unix path */
char *
sys_translate_vms (vfile)
     char * vfile;
{
  char * p;
  char * targ;

  if (!vfile)
    return 0;

  targ = vtbuf;

  /* leading device or logical name is a root directory */
  if (p = strchr (vfile, ':'))
    {
      *targ++ = '/';
      while (vfile < p)
        *targ++ = *vfile++;
      vfile++;
      *targ++ = '/';
    }
  p = vfile;
  if (*p == '[' || *p == '<')
    {
      while (*++vfile != *p + 2)
        switch (*vfile)
          {
          case '.':
            if (vfile[-1] == *p)
              *targ++ = '.';
            *targ++ = '/';
            break;

          case '-':
            *targ++ = '.';
            *targ++ = '.';
            break;
            
          default:
            *targ++ = *vfile;
            break;
          }
      vfile++;
      *targ++ = '/';
    }
  while (*vfile)
    *targ++ = *vfile++;

  return vtbuf;
}

static char utbuf[NAM$C_MAXRSS+1];

/* translate a unix path to a VMS file spec */
char *
sys_translate_unix (ufile)
     char * ufile;
{
  int slash_seen = 0;
  char *p;
  char * targ;

  if (!ufile)
    return 0;

  targ = utbuf;

  if (*ufile == '/')
    {
      ufile++;
    }

  while (*ufile)
    {
      switch (*ufile)
        {
        case '/':
          if (slash_seen)
            if (index (&ufile[1], '/'))
              *targ++ = '.';
            else
              *targ++ = ']';
          else
            {
              *targ++ = ':';
              if (index (&ufile[1], '/'))
                *targ++ = '[';
              slash_seen = 1;
            }
          break;

        case '.':
          if (strncmp (ufile, "./", 2) == 0)
            {
              if (!slash_seen)
                {
                  *targ++ = '[';
                  slash_seen = 1;
                }
              ufile++;          /* skip the dot */
              if (index (&ufile[1], '/'))
                *targ++ = '.';
              else
                *targ++ = ']';
            }
          else if (strncmp (ufile, "../", 3) == 0)
            {
              if (!slash_seen)
                {
                  *targ++ = '[';
                  slash_seen = 1;
                }
              *targ++ = '-';
              ufile += 2;       /* skip the dots */
              if (index (&ufile[1], '/'))
                *targ++ = '.';
              else
                *targ++ = ']';
            }
          else
            *targ++ = *ufile;
          break;

        default:
          *targ++ = *ufile;
          break;
        }
      ufile++;
    }
  *targ = '\0';
  
  return utbuf;
}

char *
getwd (pathname)
     char *pathname;
{
  char *ptr, *val;
  extern char *getcwd ();

#define MAXPATHLEN 1024

  ptr = xmalloc (MAXPATHLEN);
  val = getcwd (ptr, MAXPATHLEN);
  if (val == 0)
    {
      xfree (ptr);
      return val;
    }
  strcpy (pathname, ptr);
  xfree (ptr);
  
 return pathname;
}

int
getppid ()
{
  long item_code = JPI$_OWNER;
  unsigned long parent_id;
  int status;

  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &parent_id)) & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }
  return parent_id;
}

#undef getuid
unsigned
sys_getuid ()
{
  return (getgid () << 16) | getuid ();
}

#undef read
int
sys_read (fildes, buf, nbyte)
     int fildes;
     char *buf;
     unsigned int nbyte;
{
  return read (fildes, buf, (nbyte < MAXIOSIZE ? nbyte : MAXIOSIZE));
}

#if 0
int
sys_write (fildes, buf, nbyte)
     int fildes;
     char *buf;
     unsigned int nbyte;
{
  register int nwrote, rtnval = 0;

  while (nbyte > MAXIOSIZE && (nwrote = write (fildes, buf, MAXIOSIZE)) > 0) {
    nbyte -= nwrote;
    buf += nwrote;
    rtnval += nwrote;
  }
  if (nwrote < 0)
    return rtnval ? rtnval : -1;
  if ((nwrote = write (fildes, buf, nbyte)) < 0)
    return rtnval ? rtnval : -1;
  return (rtnval + nwrote);
}
#endif /* 0 */

/*
 *      VAX/VMS VAX C RTL really loses. It insists that records
 *      end with a newline (carriage return) character, and if they
 *      don't it adds one (nice of it isn't it!)
 *
 *      Thus we do this stupidity below.
 */

#undef write
int
sys_write (fildes, buf, nbytes)
     int fildes;
     char *buf;
     unsigned int nbytes;
{
  register char *p;
  register char *e;
  int sum = 0;
  struct stat st;

  fstat (fildes, &st);
  p = buf;
  while (nbytes > 0)
    {
      int len, retval;

      /* Handle fixed-length files with carriage control.  */
      if (st.st_fab_rfm == FAB$C_FIX
          && ((st.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_FTN | FAB$M_CR)) != 0))
        {
          len = st.st_fab_mrs;
          retval = write (fildes, p, min (len, nbytes));
          if (retval != len)
            return -1;
          retval++;     /* This skips the implied carriage control */
        }
      else
        {
          e =  p + min (MAXIOSIZE, nbytes) - 1;
          while (*e != '\n' && e > p) e--;
          if (p == e)           /* Ok.. so here we add a newline... sigh. */
            e = p + min (MAXIOSIZE, nbytes) - 1;
          len = e + 1 - p;
          retval = write (fildes, p, len);
          if (retval != len)
            return -1;
        }
      p += retval;
      sum += retval;
      nbytes -= retval;
    }
  return sum;
}

/* Create file NEW copying its attributes from file OLD.  If
   OLD is 0 or does not exist, create based on the value of
   vms_stmlf_recfm. */

/* Protection value the file should ultimately have.
   Set by create_copy_attrs, and use by rename_sansversions.  */
static unsigned short int fab_final_pro;

int
creat_copy_attrs (old, new)
     char *old, *new;
{
  struct FAB fab = cc$rms_fab;
  struct XABPRO xabpro;
  char aclbuf[256];     /* Choice of size is arbitrary.  See below. */
  extern int vms_stmlf_recfm;

  if (old)
    {
      fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
      fab.fab$l_fna = old;
      fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (old);
      fab.fab$l_xab = (char *) &xabpro;
      xabpro = cc$rms_xabpro;
      xabpro.xab$l_aclbuf = aclbuf;
      xabpro.xab$w_aclsiz = sizeof aclbuf;
      /* Call $OPEN to fill in the fab & xabpro fields. */
      if (SYS$OPEN (&fab, 0, 0) & 1)
        {
          SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
          fab.fab$l_alq = 0;    /* zero the allocation quantity */
          if (xabpro.xab$w_acllen > 0)
            {
              if (xabpro.xab$w_acllen > sizeof aclbuf)
                /* If the acl buffer was too short, redo open with longer one.
                   Wouldn't need to do this if there were some system imposed
                   limit on the size of an ACL, but I can't find any such. */
                {
                  xabpro.xab$l_aclbuf = (char *) alloca (xabpro.xab$w_acllen);
                  xabpro.xab$w_aclsiz = xabpro.xab$w_acllen;
                  if (SYS$OPEN (&fab, 0, 0) & 1)
                    SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
                  else
                    old = 0;
                }
            }
          else
            xabpro.xab$l_aclbuf = 0;
        }
      else
        old = 0;
    }
  fab.fab$l_fna = new;
  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (new);
  if (!old)
    {
      fab.fab$l_xab = 0;
      fab.fab$b_rfm = vms_stmlf_recfm ? FAB$C_STMLF : FAB$C_VAR;
      fab.fab$b_rat = FAB$M_CR;
    }

  /* Set the file protections such that we will be able to manipulate
     this file.  Once we are done writing and renaming it, we will set
     the protections back.  */
  if (old)
    fab_final_pro = xabpro.xab$w_pro;
  else
    SYS$SETDFPROT (0, &fab_final_pro);
  xabpro.xab$w_pro &= 0xff0f; /* set O:rewd for now. This is set back later. */

  /* Create the new file with either default attrs or attrs copied
     from old file. */
  if (!(SYS$CREATE (&fab, 0, 0) & 1))
    return -1;
  SYS$CLOSE (&fab, 0, 0);
  /* As this is a "replacement" for creat, return a file descriptor
     opened for writing. */
  return open (new, O_WRONLY);
}

#ifdef creat
#undef creat
#include <varargs.h>
#ifdef __GNUC__
#ifndef va_count
#define va_count(X) ((X) = *(((int *) &(va_alist)) - 1))
#endif
#endif

int
sys_creat (va_alist)
     va_dcl
{
  va_list list_incrementer;
  char *name;
  int mode;
  int rfd;                      /* related file descriptor */
  int fd;                       /* Our new file descriptor */
  int count;
  struct stat st_buf;
  char rfm[12];
  char rat[15];
  char mrs[13];
  char fsz[13];
  extern int vms_stmlf_recfm;

  va_count (count);
  va_start (list_incrementer);
  name = va_arg (list_incrementer, char *);
  mode = va_arg (list_incrementer, int);
  if (count > 2)
    rfd = va_arg (list_incrementer, int);
  va_end (list_incrementer);
  if (count > 2)
    {
      /* Use information from the related file descriptor to set record
         format of the newly created file. */
      fstat (rfd, &st_buf);
      switch (st_buf.st_fab_rfm)
        {
        case FAB$C_FIX:
          strcpy (rfm, "rfm = fix");
          sprintf (mrs, "mrs = %d", st_buf.st_fab_mrs);
          strcpy (rat, "rat = ");
          if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_CR)
            strcat (rat, "cr");
          else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_FTN)
            strcat (rat, "ftn");
          else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_PRN)
            strcat (rat, "prn");
          if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_BLK)
            if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_CR|FAB$M_FTN|FAB$M_PRN))
              strcat (rat, ", blk");
            else
              strcat (rat, "blk");
          return creat (name, 0, rfm, rat, mrs);

        case FAB$C_VFC:
          strcpy (rfm, "rfm = vfc");
          sprintf (fsz, "fsz = %d", st_buf.st_fab_fsz);
          strcpy (rat, "rat = ");
          if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_CR)
            strcat (rat, "cr");
          else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_FTN)
            strcat (rat, "ftn");
          else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_PRN)
            strcat (rat, "prn");
          if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_BLK)
            if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_CR|FAB$M_FTN|FAB$M_PRN))
              strcat (rat, ", blk");
            else
              strcat (rat, "blk");
          return creat (name, 0, rfm, rat, fsz);

        case FAB$C_STM:
          strcpy (rfm, "rfm = stm");
          break;

        case FAB$C_STMCR:
          strcpy (rfm, "rfm = stmcr");
          break;

        case FAB$C_STMLF:
          strcpy (rfm, "rfm = stmlf");
          break;

        case FAB$C_UDF:
          strcpy (rfm, "rfm = udf");
          break;

        case FAB$C_VAR:
          strcpy (rfm, "rfm = var");
          break;
        }
      strcpy (rat, "rat = ");
      if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_CR)
        strcat (rat, "cr");
      else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_FTN)
        strcat (rat, "ftn");
      else if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_PRN)
        strcat (rat, "prn");
      if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & FAB$M_BLK)
        if (st_buf.st_fab_rat & (FAB$M_CR|FAB$M_FTN|FAB$M_PRN))
          strcat (rat, ", blk");
        else
          strcat (rat, "blk");
    }
  else
    {
      strcpy (rfm, vms_stmlf_recfm ? "rfm = stmlf" : "rfm=var");
      strcpy (rat, "rat=cr");
    }
  /* Until the VAX C RTL fixes the many bugs with modes, always use
     mode 0 to get the user's default protection. */
  fd = creat (name, 0, rfm, rat);
  if (fd < 0 && errno == EEXIST)
    {
      if (unlink (name) < 0)
        report_file_error ("delete", build_string (name));
      fd = creat (name, 0, rfm, rat);
    }
  return fd;
}
#endif /* creat */

/* fwrite to stdout is S L O W.  Speed it up by using fputc...*/
int
sys_fwrite (ptr, size, num, fp)
     register char * ptr;
     FILE * fp;
{
  register int tot = num * size;

  while (tot--)
    fputc (*ptr++, fp);
  return num;
}

/*
 * The VMS C library routine creat actually creates a new version of an
 * existing file rather than truncating the old version.  There are times
 * when this is not the desired behavior, for instance, when writing an
 * auto save file (you only want one version), or when you don't have
 * write permission in the directory containing the file (but the file
 * itself is writable).  Hence this routine, which is equivalent to 
 * "close (creat (fn, 0));" on Unix if fn already exists.
 */
int
vms_truncate (fn)
     char *fn;
{
  struct FAB xfab = cc$rms_fab;
  struct RAB xrab = cc$rms_rab;
  int status;

  xfab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_TEF;   /* free allocated but unused blocks on close */
  xfab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_TRN | FAB$M_GET; /* allow truncate and get access */
  xfab.fab$b_shr = FAB$M_NIL;   /* allow no sharing - file must be locked */
  xfab.fab$l_fna = fn;
  xfab.fab$b_fns = strlen (fn);
  xfab.fab$l_dna = ";0";        /* default to latest version of the file */
  xfab.fab$b_dns = 2;
  xrab.rab$l_fab = &xfab;

  /* This gibberish opens the file, positions to the first record, and
     deletes all records from there until the end of file. */
  if ((SYS$OPEN (&xfab) & 01) == 01)
    {
      if ((SYS$CONNECT (&xrab) & 01) == 01 &&
          (SYS$FIND (&xrab) & 01) == 01 &&
          (SYS$TRUNCATE (&xrab) & 01) == 01)
        status = 0;
      else
        status = -1;
    }
  else
    status = -1;
  SYS$CLOSE (&xfab);
  return status;
}

/* Define this symbol to actually read SYSUAF.DAT.  This requires either
   SYSPRV or a readable SYSUAF.DAT. */

#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
/*
 * getuaf.c
 *
 * Routine to read the VMS User Authorization File and return
 * a specific user's record.
 */

static struct UAF retuaf;

struct UAF *
get_uaf_name (uname)
     char * uname;
{
  register status;
  struct FAB uaf_fab;
  struct RAB uaf_rab;
  
  uaf_fab = cc$rms_fab;
  uaf_rab = cc$rms_rab;
  /* initialize fab fields */
  uaf_fab.fab$l_fna = "SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT";
  uaf_fab.fab$b_fns = 21;
  uaf_fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
  uaf_fab.fab$b_org = FAB$C_IDX;
  uaf_fab.fab$b_shr = FAB$M_GET|FAB$M_PUT|FAB$M_UPD|FAB$M_DEL;
  /* initialize rab fields */
  uaf_rab.rab$l_fab = &uaf_fab;
  /* open the User Authorization File */
  status = SYS$OPEN (&uaf_fab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  status = SYS$CONNECT (&uaf_rab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  /* read the requested record - index is in uname */
  uaf_rab.rab$l_kbf = uname;
  uaf_rab.rab$b_ksz = strlen (uname);
  uaf_rab.rab$b_rac = RAB$C_KEY;
  uaf_rab.rab$l_ubf = (char *)&retuaf;
  uaf_rab.rab$w_usz = sizeof retuaf;
  status = SYS$GET (&uaf_rab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  /* close the User Authorization File */
  status = SYS$DISCONNECT (&uaf_rab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  status = SYS$CLOSE (&uaf_fab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  return &retuaf;
}

struct UAF *
get_uaf_uic (uic)
     unsigned long uic;
{
  register status;
  struct FAB uaf_fab;
  struct RAB uaf_rab;
  
  uaf_fab = cc$rms_fab;
  uaf_rab = cc$rms_rab;
  /* initialize fab fields */
  uaf_fab.fab$l_fna = "SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT";
  uaf_fab.fab$b_fns = 21;
  uaf_fab.fab$b_fac = FAB$M_GET;
  uaf_fab.fab$b_org = FAB$C_IDX;
  uaf_fab.fab$b_shr = FAB$M_GET|FAB$M_PUT|FAB$M_UPD|FAB$M_DEL;
  /* initialize rab fields */
  uaf_rab.rab$l_fab = &uaf_fab;
  /* open the User Authorization File */
  status = SYS$OPEN (&uaf_fab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  status = SYS$CONNECT (&uaf_rab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  /* read the requested record - index is in uic */
  uaf_rab.rab$b_krf = 1;        /* 1st alternate key */
  uaf_rab.rab$l_kbf = (char *) &uic;
  uaf_rab.rab$b_ksz = sizeof uic;
  uaf_rab.rab$b_rac = RAB$C_KEY;
  uaf_rab.rab$l_ubf = (char *)&retuaf;
  uaf_rab.rab$w_usz = sizeof retuaf;
  status = SYS$GET (&uaf_rab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  /* close the User Authorization File */
  status = SYS$DISCONNECT (&uaf_rab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  status = SYS$CLOSE (&uaf_fab);
  if (!(status&1))
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return 0;
    }
  return &retuaf;
}

static struct passwd retpw;

struct passwd *
cnv_uaf_pw (up)
     struct UAF * up;
{
  char * ptr;

  /* copy these out first because if the username is 32 chars, the next
     section will overwrite the first byte of the UIC */
  retpw.pw_uid = up->uaf$w_mem;
  retpw.pw_gid = up->uaf$w_grp;

  /* I suppose this is not the best style, to possibly overwrite one
     byte beyond the end of the field, but what the heck... */
  ptr = &up->uaf$t_username[UAF$S_USERNAME];
  while (ptr[-1] == ' ')
    ptr--;
  *ptr = '\0';
  strcpy (retpw.pw_name, up->uaf$t_username);

  /* the rest of these are counted ascii strings */
  strncpy (retpw.pw_gecos, &up->uaf$t_owner[1], up->uaf$t_owner[0]);
  retpw.pw_gecos[up->uaf$t_owner[0]] = '\0';
  strncpy (retpw.pw_dir, &up->uaf$t_defdev[1], up->uaf$t_defdev[0]);
  retpw.pw_dir[up->uaf$t_defdev[0]] = '\0';
  strncat (retpw.pw_dir, &up->uaf$t_defdir[1], up->uaf$t_defdir[0]);
  retpw.pw_dir[up->uaf$t_defdev[0] + up->uaf$t_defdir[0]] = '\0';
  strncpy (retpw.pw_shell, &up->uaf$t_defcli[1], up->uaf$t_defcli[0]);
  retpw.pw_shell[up->uaf$t_defcli[0]] = '\0';

  return &retpw;
}
#else /* not READ_SYSUAF */
static struct passwd retpw;
#endif /* not READ_SYSUAF */

struct passwd *
getpwnam (name)
     char * name;
{
#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
  struct UAF *up;
#else
  char * user;
  char * dir;
  unsigned char * full;
#endif /* READ_SYSUAF */
  char *ptr = name;

  while (*ptr)
    {
      if ('a' <= *ptr && *ptr <= 'z')
        *ptr -= 040;
      ptr++;
    }
#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
  if (!(up = get_uaf_name (name)))
    return 0;
  return cnv_uaf_pw (up);
#else
  if (strcmp (name, getenv ("USER")) == 0)
    {
      retpw.pw_uid = getuid ();
      retpw.pw_gid = getgid ();
      strcpy (retpw.pw_name, name);
      if (full = egetenv ("FULLNAME"))
        strcpy (retpw.pw_gecos, full);
      else
        *retpw.pw_gecos = '\0';
      strcpy (retpw.pw_dir, egetenv ("HOME"));
      *retpw.pw_shell = '\0';
      return &retpw;
    }
  else
    return 0;
#endif /* not READ_SYSUAF */
}

struct passwd *
getpwuid (uid)
     unsigned long uid;
{
#ifdef READ_SYSUAF
  struct UAF * up;

  if (!(up = get_uaf_uic (uid)))
    return 0;
  return cnv_uaf_pw (up);
#else
  if (uid == sys_getuid ())
    return getpwnam (egetenv ("USER"));
  else
    return 0;
#endif /* not READ_SYSUAF */
}

/* return total address space available to the current process.  This is
   the sum of the current p0 size, p1 size and free page table entries
   available. */
int
vlimit ()
{
  int item_code;
  unsigned long free_pages;
  unsigned long frep0va;
  unsigned long frep1va;
  register status;

  item_code = JPI$_FREPTECNT;
  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &free_pages)) & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }
  free_pages *= 512;

  item_code = JPI$_FREP0VA;
  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &frep0va)) & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }
  item_code = JPI$_FREP1VA;
  if (((status = LIB$GETJPI (&item_code, 0, 0, &frep1va)) & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }

  return free_pages + frep0va + (0x7fffffff - frep1va);
}

int
define_logical_name (varname, string)
     char *varname;
     char *string;
{
  struct dsc$descriptor_s strdsc =
    {strlen (string), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, string};
  struct dsc$descriptor_s envdsc =
    {strlen (varname), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, varname};
  struct dsc$descriptor_s lnmdsc =
    {7, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, "LNM$JOB"};

  return LIB$SET_LOGICAL (&envdsc, &strdsc, &lnmdsc, 0, 0);
}

int
delete_logical_name (varname)
     char *varname;
{
  struct dsc$descriptor_s envdsc =
    {strlen (varname), DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, varname};
  struct dsc$descriptor_s lnmdsc =
    {7, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, "LNM$JOB"};

  return LIB$DELETE_LOGICAL (&envdsc, &lnmdsc);
}

int
ulimit ()
{
  return 0;
}

int
setpgrp ()
{
  return 0;
}

int
execvp ()
{
  error ("execvp system call not implemented");
  return -1;
}

int
rename (from, to)
     char *from, *to;
{
  int status;
  struct FAB from_fab = cc$rms_fab, to_fab = cc$rms_fab;
  struct NAM from_nam = cc$rms_nam, to_nam = cc$rms_nam;
  char from_esn[NAM$C_MAXRSS];
  char to_esn[NAM$C_MAXRSS];

  from_fab.fab$l_fna = from;
  from_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (from);
  from_fab.fab$l_nam = &from_nam;
  from_fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_NAM;

  from_nam.nam$l_esa = from_esn;
  from_nam.nam$b_ess = sizeof from_esn;

  to_fab.fab$l_fna = to;
  to_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (to);
  to_fab.fab$l_nam = &to_nam;
  to_fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_NAM;

  to_nam.nam$l_esa = to_esn;
  to_nam.nam$b_ess = sizeof to_esn;

  status = SYS$RENAME (&from_fab, 0, 0, &to_fab);

  if (status & 1)
    return 0;
  else
    {
      if (status == RMS$_DEV)
        errno = EXDEV;
      else
        errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }
}

/* This function renames a file like `rename', but it strips
   the version number from the "to" filename, such that the "to" file is
   will always be a new version.  It also sets the file protection once it is
   finished.  The protection that we will use is stored in fab_final_pro,
   and was set when we did a creat_copy_attrs to create the file that we
   are renaming.

   We could use the chmod function, but Eunichs uses 3 bits per user category
   to describe the protection, and VMS uses 4 (write and delete are separate
   bits).  To maintain portability, the VMS implementation of `chmod' wires
   the W and D bits together.  */

 
static struct fibdef fib;       /* We need this initialized to zero */
char vms_file_written[NAM$C_MAXRSS];

int
rename_sans_version (from,to)
     char *from, *to;
{
  short int chan;
  int stat;
  short int iosb[4];
  int status;
  struct FAB to_fab = cc$rms_fab;
  struct NAM to_nam = cc$rms_nam;
  struct dsc$descriptor fib_d ={sizeof (fib),0,0,(char*) &fib};
  struct dsc$descriptor fib_attr[2]
    = {{sizeof (fab_final_pro),ATR$C_FPRO,0,(char*) &fab_final_pro},{0,0,0,0}};
  char to_esn[NAM$C_MAXRSS];

  $DESCRIPTOR (disk,to_esn);

  to_fab.fab$l_fna = to;
  to_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (to);
  to_fab.fab$l_nam = &to_nam;
  to_fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_NAM;

  to_nam.nam$l_esa = to_esn;
  to_nam.nam$b_ess = sizeof to_esn;

  status = SYS$PARSE (&to_fab, 0, 0); /* figure out the full file name */

  if (to_nam.nam$l_fnb && NAM$M_EXP_VER)
    *(to_nam.nam$l_ver) = '\0';

  stat = rename (from, to_esn);
  if (stat < 0)
    return stat;

  strcpy (vms_file_written, to_esn);

  to_fab.fab$l_fna = vms_file_written; /* this points to the versionless name */
  to_fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (vms_file_written);

  /* Now set the file protection to the correct value */
  SYS$OPEN (&to_fab, 0, 0);     /* This fills in the nam$w_fid fields */

  /* Copy these fields into the fib */
  fib.fib$r_fid_overlay.fib$w_fid[0] = to_nam.nam$w_fid[0];
  fib.fib$r_fid_overlay.fib$w_fid[1] = to_nam.nam$w_fid[1];
  fib.fib$r_fid_overlay.fib$w_fid[2] = to_nam.nam$w_fid[2];

  SYS$CLOSE (&to_fab, 0, 0);

  stat = SYS$ASSIGN (&disk, &chan, 0, 0); /* open a channel to the disk */
  if (!stat)
    LIB$SIGNAL (stat);
  stat = SYS$QIOW (0, chan, IO$_MODIFY, iosb, 0, 0, &fib_d,
                   0, 0, 0, &fib_attr, 0);
  if (!stat)
    LIB$SIGNAL (stat);
  stat = SYS$DASSGN (chan);
  if (!stat)
    LIB$SIGNAL (stat);
  strcpy (vms_file_written, to_esn); /* We will write this to the terminal*/
  return 0;
}

int
link (file, new)
     char * file, * new;
{
  register status;
  struct FAB fab;
  struct NAM nam;
  unsigned short fid[3];
  char esa[NAM$C_MAXRSS];

  fab = cc$rms_fab;
  fab.fab$l_fop = FAB$M_OFP;
  fab.fab$l_fna = file;
  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (file);
  fab.fab$l_nam = &nam;

  nam = cc$rms_nam;
  nam.nam$l_esa = esa;
  nam.nam$b_ess = NAM$C_MAXRSS;

  status = SYS$PARSE (&fab);
  if ((status & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }
  status = SYS$SEARCH (&fab);
  if ((status & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }

  fid[0] = nam.nam$w_fid[0];
  fid[1] = nam.nam$w_fid[1];
  fid[2] = nam.nam$w_fid[2];

  fab.fab$l_fna = new;
  fab.fab$b_fns = strlen (new);

  status = SYS$PARSE (&fab);
  if ((status & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }

  nam.nam$w_fid[0] = fid[0];
  nam.nam$w_fid[1] = fid[1];
  nam.nam$w_fid[2] = fid[2];

  nam.nam$l_esa = nam.nam$l_name;
  nam.nam$b_esl = nam.nam$b_name + nam.nam$b_type + nam.nam$b_ver;

  status = SYS$ENTER (&fab);
  if ((status & 1) == 0)
    {
      errno = EVMSERR;
      vaxc$errno = status;
      return -1;
    }

  return 0;
}

void
croak (badfunc)
     char *badfunc;
{
  printf ("%s not yet implemented\r\n", badfunc);
  reset_sys_modes ();
  exit (1);
}

long
random ()
{
  /* Arrange to return a range centered on zero.  */
  return rand () - (1 << 30);
}

void
srandom (seed)
{
  srand (seed);
}
#endif /* VMS */
\f
#ifdef AIXHFT

/* Called from init_sys_modes.  */
void
hft_init ()
{
  int junk;

  /* If we're not on an HFT we shouldn't do any of this.  We determine
     if we are on an HFT by trying to get an HFT error code.  If this
     call fails, we're not on an HFT. */ 
#ifdef IBMR2AIX
  if (ioctl (0, HFQERROR, &junk) < 0)
    return;
#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
  if (ioctl (0, HFQEIO, 0) < 0)
    return;
#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */

  /* On AIX the default hft keyboard mapping uses backspace rather than delete
     as the rubout key's ASCII code.  Here this is changed.  The bug is that
     there's no way to determine the old mapping, so in reset_sys_modes
     we need to assume that the normal map had been present.  Of course, this
     code also doesn't help if on a terminal emulator which doesn't understand
     HFT VTD's.  */
  {
    struct hfbuf buf;
    struct hfkeymap keymap;

    buf.hf_bufp = (char *)&keymap;
    buf.hf_buflen = sizeof (keymap);
    keymap.hf_nkeys = 2;
    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kpos = 15;
    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFNONE;
#ifdef IBMR2AIX
    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_keyidh = '<';
#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_page = '<';
#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
    keymap.hfkey[0].hf_char = 127;
    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kpos = 15;
    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFSHFT;
#ifdef IBMR2AIX
    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_keyidh = '<';
#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_page = '<';
#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
    keymap.hfkey[1].hf_char = 127;
    hftctl (0, HFSKBD, &buf);
  }
  /* The HFT system on AIX doesn't optimize for scrolling, so it's really ugly
     at times.  */
  line_ins_del_ok = char_ins_del_ok = 0;
}

/* Reset the rubout key to backspace.  */

void
hft_reset ()
{
  struct hfbuf buf;
  struct hfkeymap keymap;
  int junk;

#ifdef IBMR2AIX
  if (ioctl (0, HFQERROR, &junk) < 0)
    return;
#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
  if (ioctl (0, HFQEIO, 0) < 0)
    return;
#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */

  buf.hf_bufp = (char *)&keymap;
  buf.hf_buflen = sizeof (keymap);
  keymap.hf_nkeys = 2;
  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kpos = 15;
  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFNONE;
#ifdef IBMR2AIX
  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_keyidh = '<';
#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_page = '<';
#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
  keymap.hfkey[0].hf_char = 8;
  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kpos = 15;
  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_kstate = HFMAPCHAR | HFSHFSHFT;
#ifdef IBMR2AIX
  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_keyidh = '<';
#else /* not IBMR2AIX */
  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_page = '<';
#endif /* not IBMR2AIX */
  keymap.hfkey[1].hf_char = 8;
  hftctl (0, HFSKBD, &buf);
}

#endif /* AIXHFT */

#ifdef USE_DL_STUBS

/* These are included on Sunos 4.1 when we do not use shared libraries.
   X11 libraries may refer to these functions but (we hope) do not
   actually call them.  */

void *
dlopen ()
{
  return 0;
}

void *
dlsym ()
{
  return 0;
}

int
dlclose ()
{
  return -1;
}

#endif /* USE_DL_STUBS */
\f
#ifndef BSTRING

#ifndef bzero

void
bzero (b, length)
     register char *b;
     register int length;
{
#ifdef VMS
  short zero = 0;
  long max_str = 65535;

  while (length > max_str) {
    (void) LIB$MOVC5 (&zero, &zero, &zero, &max_str, b);
    length -= max_str;
    b += max_str;
  }
  max_str = length;
  (void) LIB$MOVC5 (&zero, &zero, &zero, &max_str, b);
#else
  while (length-- > 0)
    *b++ = 0;
#endif /* not VMS */
}

#endif /* no bzero */
#endif /* BSTRING */

#if (!defined (BSTRING) && !defined (bcopy)) || defined (NEED_BCOPY)
#undef bcopy

/* Saying `void' requires a declaration, above, where bcopy is used
   and that declaration causes pain for systems where bcopy is a macro.  */
bcopy (b1, b2, length)
     register char *b1;
     register char *b2;
     register int length;
{
#ifdef VMS
  long max_str = 65535;

  while (length > max_str) {
    (void) LIB$MOVC3 (&max_str, b1, b2);
    length -= max_str;
    b1 += max_str;
    b2 += max_str;
  }
  max_str = length;
  (void) LIB$MOVC3 (&length, b1, b2);
#else
  while (length-- > 0)
    *b2++ = *b1++;
#endif /* not VMS */
}
#endif /* (!defined (BSTRING) && !defined (bcopy)) || defined (NEED_BCOPY) */

#ifndef BSTRING
#ifndef bcmp
int
bcmp (b1, b2, length)   /* This could be a macro! */
     register char *b1;
     register char *b2;
     register int length;
{
#ifdef VMS
  struct dsc$descriptor_s src1 = {length, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, b1};
  struct dsc$descriptor_s src2 = {length, DSC$K_DTYPE_T, DSC$K_CLASS_S, b2};

  return STR$COMPARE (&src1, &src2);
#else
  while (length-- > 0)
    if (*b1++ != *b2++)
      return 1;

  return 0;
#endif /* not VMS */
}
#endif /* no bcmp */
#endif /* not BSTRING */
\f
#ifndef HAVE_STRSIGNAL
char *
strsignal (code)
     int code;
{
  char *signame = 0;

  if (0 <= code && code < NSIG)
    {
#ifdef VMS
      signame = sys_errlist[code];
#else
      /* Cast to suppress warning if the table has const char *.  */
      signame = (char *) sys_siglist[code];
#endif
    }

  return signame;
}
#endif /* HAVE_STRSIGNAL */
\f
/* All the Macintosh stuffs go here */

#ifdef macintosh

#include <Files.h>
#include <MacTypes.h>
#include <TextUtils.h>
#include <Folders.h>

#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>

/* Convert a Mac pathname to Unix form.  A Mac full pathname is one
   that does not begin with a ':' and contains at least one ':'. A Mac
   full pathname causes an '/' to be prepended to the Unix pathname.
   The algorithm for the rest of the pathname is as follows:
     For each segment between two ':',
       if it is non-null, copy as is and then add a '/' at the end,
       otherwise, insert a "../" into the Unix pathname.
   Returns 1 if successful; 0 if fails.  */
   
int
Mac2UnixPathname (const char *mfn, char *ufn, int ufnbuflen)
{
  const char *p, *q, *pe;
        
  strcpy (ufn, "");
        
  if (*mfn == '\0')
    return 1;
        
  p = strchr (mfn, ':');
  if (p != 0 && p != mfn)  /* full pathname */
    strcat (ufn, "/");
                
  p = mfn;
  if (*p == ':')
    p++;

  pe = mfn + strlen (mfn);
  while (p < pe)
    {
      q = strchr (p, ':');
      if (q)
        {
          if (q == p)
            {  /* two consecutive ':' */
              if (strlen (ufn) + 3 >= ufnbuflen)
                return 0;
              strcat (ufn, "../");
            }
          else
            {
              if (strlen (ufn) + (q - p) + 1 >= ufnbuflen)
                return 0;
              strncat (ufn, p, q - p);
              strcat (ufn, "/");
            }
          p = q + 1;
        }
      else
        {
          if (strlen (ufn) + (pe - p) >= ufnbuflen)
            return 0;
          strncat (ufn, p, pe - p);  /* no separator for last one */
          p = pe;
        }
    }
        
  return 1;
}

extern char *GetTempDirName ();

/* Convert a Unix pathname to Mac form.  Approximately reverse of the
   above in algorithm.  */
int
Unix2MacPathname (const char *ufn, char *mfn, int mfnbuflen)
{
  const char *p, *q, *pe;
  char expandedPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  strcpy (mfn, "");
        
  if (*ufn == '\0')
    return 1;

  p = ufn;
  
  /* Check for and handle volume names.  Last comparison: strangely
     somewhere `/.emacs' is passed.  A temporary fix for now.  */
  if (*p == '/' && strchr (p+1, '/') == NULL && strcmp (p, "/.emacs") != 0)
    {
      if (strlen (p) + 1 > mfnbuflen)
        return 0;
      strcpy (mfn, p+1);
      strcat (mfn, ":");
      return 1;
    }

  if (strncmp (p, "~emacs/", 7) == 0)
    {  /* expand to emacs dir found by InitEmacsPasswdDir */
      struct passwd *pw = getpwnam ("emacs");
      p += 7;
      if (strlen (pw->pw_dir) + strlen (p) > MAXPATHLEN)
        return 0;
      strcpy (expandedPathname, pw->pw_dir);
      strcat (expandedPathname, p);
      p = expandedPathname;
      /* Now p points to the pathname with emacs dir prefix.  */
    }
  else if (strncmp (p, "/tmp/", 5) == 0)
    {
      char *t = GetTempDirName ();
      p += 5;
      if (strlen (t) + strlen (p) > MAXPATHLEN)
        return 0;
      strcpy (expandedPathname, t);
      strcat (expandedPathname, p);
      p = expandedPathname;
      /* Now p points to the pathname with emacs dir prefix.  */
    }    
  else if (*p != '/')  /* relative pathname */
    strcat (mfn, ":");
                
  if (*p == '/')
    p++;

  pe = p + strlen (p);
  while (p < pe)
    {
      q = strchr (p, '/');
      if (q)
        {
          if (q - p == 2 && *p == '.' && *(p+1) == '.')
            {
              if (strlen (mfn) + 1 >= mfnbuflen)
                return 0;
              strcat (mfn, ":");
            }
          else
            {
              if (strlen (mfn) + (q - p) + 1 >= mfnbuflen)
                return 0;
              strncat (mfn, p, q - p);
              strcat (mfn, ":");
            }
          p = q + 1;
        }
      else
        {
          if (strlen (mfn) + (pe - p) >= mfnbuflen)
            return 0;
          strncat (mfn, p, pe - p);
          p = pe;
        }
    }
        
  return 1;
}

/* The following functions with "sys_" prefix are stubs to Unix
   functions that have already been implemented by CW or MPW.  The
   calls to them in Emacs source course are #define'd to call the sys_
   versions by the header files s-mac.h.  In these stubs pathnames are
   converted between their Unix and Mac forms.  */
/* Unix Epoch is Jan 1, 1970 while Mac Epoch is Jan 1, 1904: 66 years
   + 17 leap days */
#define MAC_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF  ((365L * 66 + 17) * 24 * 60 * 60)

/* CW Epoch is Jan 1, 1900 (aaarghhhhh!); remember, 1900 is not a leap
   year! */
#define CW_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF ((365L * 70 + 17) * 24 * 60 * 60)

/* Define our own stat function for both MrC and CW.  The reason for
   doing this: "stat" is both the name of a struct and function name:
   we can't #define stat to something else to
   redirect Emacs's calls to our own version that converts Unix style
   filenames to Mac style filename because all sorts of compilation
   errors will be generated if stat is #define'd to be something else.  */

int
stat (const char *path, struct stat *buf)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  CInfoPBRec cipb;
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (path, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;

  c2pstr (MacPathname);
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioNamePtr = MacPathname;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioVRefNum = 0;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioDirID = 0;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioFDirIndex = 0;  /* set to 0 to get information about specific dir or file */
  
  errno = PBGetCatInfo (&cipb, false);
  if (errno == -43) /* -43: fnfErr defined in Errors.h */
    errno = ENOENT;
  if (errno != noErr)
    return -1;

  if (cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x10)
    {  /* bit 4 = 1 for directories */
      buf->st_mode = S_IFDIR | S_IREAD | S_IEXEC;
      if (!(cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x1))  /* bit 1 = 1 for locked files/directories */
        buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
      buf->st_ino = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID;
      buf->st_dev = cipb.dirInfo.ioVRefNum;
      buf->st_size = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrNmFls;  /* size of dir = number of files and dirs */
      buf->st_atime = buf->st_mtime = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrMdDat - MAC_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
      buf->st_ctime = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrCrDat - MAC_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
    }
  else
    {
      buf->st_mode = S_IFREG | S_IREAD;
      if (!(cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x1))  /* bit 1 = 1 for locked files/directories */
        buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
      if (cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlFndrInfo.fdType == 'APPL')
        buf->st_mode |= S_IEXEC;
      buf->st_ino = cipb.hFileInfo.ioDirID;
      buf->st_dev = cipb.hFileInfo.ioVRefNum;
      buf->st_size = cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlLgLen;
      buf->st_atime = buf->st_mtime = cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlMdDat - MAC_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
      buf->st_ctime = cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlCrDat - MAC_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
    }
  buf->st_nlink = 1;
  buf->st_uid = getuid ();
  buf->st_gid = getgid ();
  buf->st_rdev = 0;

  return 0;
}

#if __MRC__

/* CW defines fstat in stat.mac.c while MPW does not provide this
   function.  Without the information of how to get from a file
   descriptor in MPW StdCLib to a Mac OS file spec, it should be hard
   to implement this function.  Fortunately, there is only one place
   where this function is called in our configuration: in fileio.c,
   where only the st_dev and st_ino fields are used to determine
   whether two fildes point to different i-nodes to prevent copying
   a file onto itself equal.  What we have here probably needs
   improvement.  */
int
fstat (int fildes, struct stat *buf)
{
  buf->st_dev = 0;
  buf->st_ino = fildes;
  return 0;  /* success */
}

#endif  /* __MRC__ */

/* From Think Reference code example */
int
mkdir (const char *dirname, int mode)
{
#pragma unused (mode)

  HFileParam hfpb;
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (dirname, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;

  c2pstr (MacPathname);
  hfpb.ioNamePtr = MacPathname;
  hfpb.ioVRefNum = 0; /*ignored unless name is invalid */
  hfpb.ioDirID = 0;  /*parent is the root */
  
  /* Just return the Mac OSErr code for now.  */
  errno = PBDirCreate ((HParmBlkPtr) &hfpb, false);
  return errno == noErr ? 0 : -1;
}

int
rmdir (const char *dirname)
{
  HFileParam hfpb;
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (dirname, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;

  c2pstr (MacPathname);
  hfpb.ioNamePtr = MacPathname;
  hfpb.ioVRefNum = 0; /*ignored unless name is invalid */
  hfpb.ioDirID = 0;  /*parent is the root */
  
  errno = PBHDelete ((HParmBlkPtr) &hfpb, false);
  return errno == noErr ? 0 : -1;
}

#ifdef __MRC__

/* No implementation yet. */
int
execvp (const char *path, ...)
{
  return -1;
}

#endif /* __MRC__ */

int
utime (const char *path, const struct utimbuf *times)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  CInfoPBRec cipb;
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (path, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;

  c2pstr (MacPathname);
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioNamePtr = MacPathname;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioVRefNum = 0;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioDirID = 0;
  /* Set to 0 to get information about specific dir or file.  */
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioFDirIndex = 0;
  
  errno = PBGetCatInfo (&cipb, false);
  if (errno != noErr)
    return -1;

  if (cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x10)
    {  /* bit 4 = 1 for directories */
      if (times)
        cipb.dirInfo.ioDrMdDat = times->modtime + MAC_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
      else
        GetDateTime (&cipb.dirInfo.ioDrMdDat);
    }
  else
    {
      if (times)
        cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlMdDat = times->modtime + MAC_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
      else
        GetDateTime (&cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlMdDat);
    }

  errno = PBSetCatInfo (&cipb, false);
  return errno == noErr ? 0 : -1;
}

#define F_OK 0
#define X_OK 1
#define W_OK 2

/* Like stat, but test for access mode in hfpb.ioFlAttrib.  */
int
access (const char *path, int mode)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  CInfoPBRec cipb;
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (path, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;

  c2pstr (MacPathname);
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioNamePtr = MacPathname;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioVRefNum = 0;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioDirID = 0;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioFDirIndex = 0;  /* set to 0 to get information about specific dir or file */
  
  errno = PBGetCatInfo (&cipb, false);
  if (errno != noErr)
    return -1;

  if (mode == F_OK)  /* got this far, file exists */
    return 0;

  if (mode & X_OK)
    if (cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x10)  /* path refers to a directory */
      return 0;
    else
      {
        if (cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlFndrInfo.fdType == 'APPL')
          return 0;
        else
          return -1;
      }

  if (mode & W_OK)
    return (cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x1) ? -1 : 0;  /* don't allow if lock bit on */

  return -1;
}

#define DEV_NULL_FD 0x10000

#undef open
int
sys_open (const char *path, int oflag)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  if (strcmp (path, "/dev/null") == 0)
    return DEV_NULL_FD;  /* some bogus fd to be ignored in write */

  if (Unix2MacPathname (path, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;
  else
    return open (MacPathname, oflag);
}

#undef creat
int
sys_creat (const char *path, mode_t mode)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (path, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;
  else
    return creat (MacPathname, mode);
}

#undef unlink
int
sys_unlink (const char *path)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (path, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;
  else
    return unlink (MacPathname);
}

#undef read
int
sys_read (int fildes, char *buf, int count)
{
  if (fildes == 0)
    {  /* if stdin, call (non-echoing) "getch" in console.h */
      if (MacKeyPending ())
        {  /* don't wait for a key if none has been pressed */
          *buf = MacGetChar ();
          return 1;
        }
      else
        return 0;
    }
  else
    return read (fildes, buf, count);
}

#undef write
int
sys_write (int fildes, char *buf, int count)
{
  if (fildes == DEV_NULL_FD)
    return count;
  else
    return write (fildes, buf, count);
}

#undef rename
int
sys_rename (const char * old_name, const char * new_name)
{
  char MacOldName[MAXPATHLEN+1], MacNewName[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  if (strcmp (old_name, new_name) == 0)
    return 0;

  if (Unix2MacPathname (old_name, MacOldName, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return 1;
                
  if (Unix2MacPathname (new_name, MacNewName, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return 1;

  return rename (MacOldName, MacNewName);
}

#undef fopen
extern FILE *fopen (const char *name, const char *mode);
FILE 
sys_fopen (const char *name, const char *mode)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (name, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return 0;
  else
    return fopen (MacPathname, mode);
}

#include <Events.h>

long targetTicks = 0;

#ifdef __MRC__
__sigfun alarm_signal_func = (__sigfun) 0;
#elif __MWERKS__
__signal_func_ptr alarm_signal_func = (__signal_func_ptr) 0;
#else
You lose!!!
#endif

/* These functions simulate SIG_ALRM.  The stub for function signal
   stores the signal handler function in alarm_signal_func if a
   SIG_ALRM is encountered.  CheckAlarm is called in mac_read_socket,
   which emacs calls periodically.  A pending alarm is represented by
   a non-zero targetTicks value.  CheckAlarm calls the handler
   function pointed to by alarm_signal_func if one has been set up and
   an alarm is pending.  */
void
CheckAlarm ()
{
  if (targetTicks && TickCount () > targetTicks)
    {
      targetTicks = 0;
      if (alarm_signal_func)
        (*alarm_signal_func)(SIGALRM);
    }
}

/* Called in sys_select to wait for an alarm signal to arrive.  */
int
pause ()
{
  unsigned long finalTick;
  
  if (!targetTicks)  /* no alarm pending */
    return -1;

  while (TickCount () <= targetTicks)
    Delay (1UL, &finalTick);  /* wait for 1/60 second before trying again */
  
  targetTicks = 0;
  if (alarm_signal_func)
    (*alarm_signal_func)(SIGALRM);
  
  return 0;
}

int
alarm (int seconds)
{
  long remaining = targetTicks ? (TickCount () - targetTicks) / 60 : 0;
        
  targetTicks = seconds ? TickCount () + 60 * seconds : 0;
        
  return (remaining < 0) ? 0 : (unsigned int) remaining;
}

#undef signal
#ifdef __MRC__
extern __sigfun signal (int signal, __sigfun signal_func);
__sigfun
sys_signal (int signal_num, __sigfun signal_func)
#elif __MWERKS__
extern __signal_func_ptr signal (int signal, __signal_func_ptr signal_func);
__signal_func_ptr
sys_signal (int signal_num, __signal_func_ptr signal_func)
#else
     You lose!!!
#endif
{
  if (signal_num != SIGALRM)
    return signal (signal_num, signal_func);
  else
    {
#ifdef __MRC__
      __sigfun old_signal_func;         
#elif __MWERKS__
      __signal_func_ptr old_signal_func;                
#else
      You lose!!!
#endif
        old_signal_func = alarm_signal_func;
      alarm_signal_func = signal_func;
      return old_signal_func;
    }
}

/* The time functions adjust time values according to the difference
   between the Unix and CW epoches. */

#undef gmtime
extern struct tm *gmtime (const time_t *);
struct tm 
sys_gmtime (const time_t *timer)
{
  time_t unixTime = *timer + CW_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
  
  return gmtime (&unixTime);
}

#undef localtime
extern struct tm *localtime (const time_t *);
struct tm *
sys_localtime (const time_t *timer)
{
  time_t unixTime = *timer + CW_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
  
  return localtime (&unixTime);
}

#undef ctime
extern char *ctime (const time_t *);
char *
sys_ctime (const time_t *timer)
{
  time_t unixTime = *timer + CW_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;
  
  return ctime (&unixTime);
}

#undef time
extern time_t time (time_t *);
time_t
sys_time (time_t *timer)
{
  time_t macTime = time (NULL) - CW_UNIX_EPOCH_DIFF;

  if (timer)
    *timer = macTime;
    
  return macTime;
}

/* no subprocesses, empty wait */
int
wait (int pid)
{
  return 0;
}

void
croak (char *badfunc)
{
  printf ("%s not yet implemented\r\n", badfunc);
  exit (1);
}

char *
index (const char * str, int chr)
{
  return strchr (str, chr);
}

char *e[] = { 0 };
char **environ = &e[0];

char *
mktemp (char *template)
{
  int len, k;
  static seqnum = 0;
  
  len = strlen (template);
  k = len - 1;
  while (k >= 0 && template[k] == 'X')
    k--;
  
  k++;  /* make k index of first 'X' */
  
  if (k < len)
    {
      /* Zero filled, number of digits equal to the number of X's.  */
      sprintf (&template[k], "%0*d", len-k, seqnum++);
  
      return template;
    }
  else
    return 0;  
}

/* Emulate getpwuid, getpwnam and others.  */

#define PASSWD_FIELD_SIZE 256

static char myPasswdName[PASSWD_FIELD_SIZE];
static char myPasswdDir[MAXPATHLEN+1];

static struct passwd myPasswd = 
{
  myPasswdName,
  myPasswdDir,
};

/* Initialized by main () in macterm.c to pathname of emacs directory.  */
char emacsPasswdDir[MAXPATHLEN+1];

void
InitEmacsPasswdDir ()
{
  int found = false;

  if (getwd (emacsPasswdDir) && getwd (myPasswdDir))
    {  
      /* Need pathname of first ancestor that begins with `emacs' since
         Mac emacs application is somewhere in the emacs-20.3 tree.  */
      int len = strlen (emacsPasswdDir);
      /* J points to the "/" following the directory name being compared.  */
      int j = len - 1;
      int i = j - 1;
      while (i >= 0 && !found)
        {
          while (i >= 0 && emacsPasswdDir[i] != '/')
            i--;
          if (emacsPasswdDir[i] == '/' && i+5 < len)
            found = (strncmp (&(emacsPasswdDir[i+1]), "emacs", 5) == 0);
          if (found)
            emacsPasswdDir[j+1] = '\0';
          else
            {
              j = i;
              i = j - 1;
            }
        }
    }
  
  if (!found)
    {  /* setting to "/" probably won't work,
          but set it to something anyway.  */
      strcpy (emacsPasswdDir, "/");
      strcpy (myPasswdDir, "/");
    }
}

static struct passwd emacsPasswd = 
{
  "emacs",
  emacsPasswdDir,
};

static int myPasswdInited = 0;

static void
InitMyPasswd ()
{
  char **ownerName;

  /* Note: myPasswdDir initialized in InitEmacsPasswdDir to directory
     where Emacs was started. */

  ownerName = (char **) GetResource ('STR ',-16096);
  if (ownerName)
    {
      HLock (ownerName);
      BlockMove ((unsigned char *) *ownerName,
                 (unsigned char *) myPasswdName, *ownerName[0] + 1);
      HUnlock (ownerName);
      p2cstr ((unsigned char *) myPasswdName);
    }
  else
    myPasswdName[0] = 0;
}

struct passwd *
getpwuid (uid_t uid)
{
  if (!myPasswdInited)
    {  
      InitMyPasswd ();
      myPasswdInited = 1;
    }
  
  return &myPasswd;
}

struct passwd *
getpwnam (const char *name)
{
  if (strcmp (name, "emacs") == 0)
        return &emacsPasswd;

  if (!myPasswdInited)
    {  
      InitMyPasswd ();
      myPasswdInited = 1;
    }
  
  return &myPasswd;
}

/* The functions fork, kill, sigsetmask, sigblock, request_sigio,
   setpgrp, setpriority, and unrequest_sigio are defined to be empty
   as in msdos.c.  */

int
fork ()
{
  return -1;
}

int
kill (int x, int y)
{
  return -1;
}

int
sigsetmask (int x)
{
  return 0;
}

int
sigblock (int mask)
{
  return 0;
} 

void
request_sigio (void)
{
}

int
setpgrp ()
{
  return 0;
}

void
unrequest_sigio (void)
{
}

/* djgpp does not implement pipe either.  */
int
pipe (int _fildes[2])
{
  errno = EACCES;
  return -1;
}

/* Hard and symbolic links.  */
int
symlink (const char *name1, const char *name2)
{
  errno = ENOENT;
  return -1;
}

int
link (const char *name1, const char *name2)
{
  errno = ENOENT;
  return -1;
}

int
lstat (const char *path, struct stat *sb)
{
  return stat (path, sb);
}

int
readlink (const char *path, char *buf, int bufsiz)
{
  errno = ENOENT;
  return -1;
}

mode_t
umask (mode_t numask)
{
  static mode_t mask = 022;
  mode_t oldmask = mask;
  mask = numask;
  return oldmask;
}

int
chmod (const char *path, mode_t mode)
{
  /* say it always succeed for now */
  return 0;
}

int
dup (int oldd)
{
#ifdef __MRC__
  return fcntl (oldd, F_DUPFD, 0);
#elif __MWERKS__
  /* current implementation of fcntl in fcntl.mac.c simply returns old
     descriptor */
  return fcntl (oldd, F_DUPFD);
#else
You lose!!!
#endif
}

/* This is from the original sysdep.c.  Emulate BSD dup2.  First close
   newd if it already exists.  Then, attempt to dup oldd.  If not
   successful, call dup2 recursively until we are, then close the
   unsuccessful ones.  */
int
dup2 (int oldd, int newd)
{
  int fd, ret;
  
  close (newd);

  fd = dup (oldd);
  if (fd == -1)
    return -1;
  if (fd == newd)
    return newd;
  ret = dup2 (oldd, newd);
  close (fd);
  return ret;
}

/* let it fail for now */
char *
sbrk (int incr)
{
  return (char *) -1;
}

int
fsync (int fd)
{
  return 0;
}

int
ioctl (int d, int request, void *argp)
{
  return -1;
}

#ifdef __MRC__
int
isatty (int fildes)
{
  if (fildes >=0 && fildes <= 2)
    return 1;
  else
    return 0;
}

int
getgid ()
{
  return 100;
}

int
getegid ()
{
  return 100;
}

int
getuid ()
{
  return 200;
}

int
geteuid ()
{
  return 200;
}

unsigned int
sleep (unsigned int seconds)
{
  unsigned long finalTick;

  Delay (seconds * 60UL, &finalTick);
  return (0);
}
#endif /* __MRC__ */

#ifdef __MWERKS__
#undef getpid
int
getpid ()
{
  return 9999;
}
#endif /* __MWERKS__ */

/* Return the path to the directory in which Emacs can create
   temporary files.  The MacOS "temporary items" directory cannot be
   used because it removes the file written by a process when it
   exits.  In that sense it's more like "/dev/null" than "/tmp" (but
   again not exactly).  And of course Emacs needs to read back the
   files written by its subprocesses.  So here we write the files to a
   directory "Emacs" in the Preferences Folder.  This directory is
   created if it does not exist.  */
static char *
GetTempDirName ()
{
  static char *TempDirName = NULL;
  short vRefNum;
  long dirID;
  OSErr err;
  Str255 dirName, fullPath;
  CInfoPBRec cpb;
  char unixDirName[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  DIR *dir;
  
  /* Cache directory name with pointer TempDirName.
     Look for it only the first time.  */
  if (!TempDirName)
    {
      err = FindFolder (kOnSystemDisk, kPreferencesFolderType,
                        kCreateFolder, &vRefNum, &dirID);
      if (err != noErr)
        return NULL;

      *fullPath = '\0';
      cpb.dirInfo.ioNamePtr = dirName;
      cpb.dirInfo.ioDrParID = dirID;
    
      /* Standard ref num to full path name loop */
      do {
        cpb.dirInfo.ioVRefNum = vRefNum;
        cpb.dirInfo.ioFDirIndex = -1;
        cpb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID = cpb.dirInfo.ioDrParID;
      
        err = PBGetCatInfo (&cpb, false);
      
        p2cstr (dirName);
        strcat (dirName, ":");
        if (strlen (fullPath) + strlen (dirName) <= MAXPATHLEN)
          {
            strcat (dirName, fullPath);
            strcpy (fullPath, dirName);
          }
        else
          return NULL;
      }
      while (cpb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID != fsRtDirID && err == noErr);

      if (strlen (fullPath) + 6 <= MAXPATHLEN)
        strcat (fullPath, "Emacs:");
      else
        return NULL;

      if (Mac2UnixPathname (fullPath, unixDirName, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
        return NULL;
    
      dir = opendir (unixDirName);  /* check whether temp directory exists */
      if (dir)
        closedir (dir);
      else if (mkdir (unixDirName, 0700) != 0)  /* create it if not */
        return NULL;

      TempDirName = (char *) xmalloc (strlen (unixDirName) + 1);
      strcpy (TempDirName, unixDirName);
    }

  return TempDirName;
}

char *
getenv (const char * name)
{
  if (strcmp (name, "TERM") == 0)
    return "vt100";
  else if (strcmp (name, "TERMCAP") == 0)
    /* for debugging purpose when code was still outputting to dumb terminal */
    return "d0|vt100|vt100-am|vt100am|dec vt100:do=[do]:co#100:li#32:cl=[cl]:sf=[sf]:km:\
:le=[le]:bs:am:cm=[cm-%d,%d]:nd=[nd]:up=[up]:ce=[ce]:cd=[cd]:so=[so]:se=[se]:\
:us=[us]:ue=[ue]:md=[md]:mr=[mr]:mb=[mb]:me=[me]:is=[is]:\
:rf=/usr/share/lib/tabset/vt100:rs=[rs]:ks=[ks]:ke=[ke]:\
:ku=\\036:kd=\\037:kr=\\035:kl=\\034:kb=[kb]:ho=[ho]:k1=[k1]:k2=[k2]:k3=[k3]:k4=[k4]:\
:pt:sr=[sr]:vt#3:xn:sc=[sc]:rc=[rc]:cs=[cs-%d,%d]";
  else if (strcmp (name, "TMPDIR") == 0)
    return GetTempDirName ();
  else
    return (NULL);
}

#ifdef __MRC__
#include <utsname.h>

int
uname (struct utsname *name)
{
  char **systemName;
  systemName = GetString (-16413);  /* IM - Resource Manager Reference */
  if (systemName)
    {
      BlockMove (*systemName, name->nodename, (*systemName)[0]+1);
      p2cstr (name->nodename);
    }
  else
    return -1;
}
#endif

#include <Processes.h>
#include <EPPC.h>

/* Event class of HLE sent to subprocess.  */
const OSType kEmacsSubprocessSend = 'ESND';
/* Event class of HLE sent back from subprocess.  */
const OSType kEmacsSubprocessReply = 'ERPY';

char *
mystrchr (char *s, char c)
{
  while (*s && *s != c)
    {
      if (*s == '\\')
        s++;
      s++;
    }

  if (*s)
    {
      *s = '\0';
      return s;
    }
  else
    return NULL;
}

char *
mystrtok (char *s)
{       
  while (*s)
    s++;

  return s + 1;
}

void
mystrcpy (char *to, char *from)
{
  while (*from)
    {
      if (*from == '\\')
        from++;
      *to++ = *from++;
    }
  *to = '\0';
}

/* Start a Mac subprocess.  Arguments for it is passed in argv (null
   terminated).  The process should run with the default directory
   "workdir", read input from "infn", and write output and error to
   "outfn" and "errfn", resp.  The Process Manager call
   LaunchApplication is used to start the subprocess.  We use high
   level events as the mechanism to pass arguments to the subprocess
   and to make Emacs wait for the subprocess to terminate and pass
   back a result code.  The bulk of the code here packs the arguments
   into one message to be passed together with the high level event.
   Emacs also sometimes starts a subprocess using a shell to perform
   wildcard filename expansion.  Since we don't really have a shell on
   the Mac, this case is detected and the starting of the shell is
   by-passed.  We really need to add code here to do filename
   expansion to support such functionality. */
int
run_mac_command (argv, workdir, infn, outfn, errfn)
     unsigned char **argv;
     const char *workdir;
     const char *infn, *outfn, errfn;
{
  char macappname[MAXPATHLEN+1], macworkdir[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  char macinfn[MAXPATHLEN+1], macoutfn[MAXPATHLEN+1], macerrfn[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  int paramlen, argc, newargc, j, retries;
  char **newargv, *param, *p;
  OSErr iErr;
  FSSpec spec;
  LaunchParamBlockRec lpbr;
  EventRecord sendEvent, replyEvent;
  RgnHandle cursorRegionHdl;
  TargetID targ;
  unsigned long refCon, len;
        
  if (Unix2MacPathname (workdir, macworkdir, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;
  if (Unix2MacPathname (infn, macinfn, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;
  if (Unix2MacPathname (outfn, macoutfn, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;
  if (Unix2MacPathname (errfn, macerrfn, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return -1;
  
  paramlen = strlen (macworkdir) + strlen (macinfn) + strlen (macoutfn) + strlen (macerrfn) + 4;
  /* count nulls at end of strings */

  argc = 0;
  while (argv[argc])
    argc++;

  if (argc == 0)
    return -1;

  /* If a subprocess is invoked with a shell, we receive 3 arguments of the form:
     "<path to emacs bins>/sh" "-c" "<path to emacs bins>/<command> <command args>" */
  j = strlen (argv[0]);
  if (j >= 3 && strcmp (argv[0]+j-3, "/sh") == 0 && argc == 3 && strcmp (argv[1], "-c") == 0)
    {
      char *command, *t, tempmacpathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
    
      /* The arguments for the command in argv[2] are separated by
         spaces.  Count them and put the count in newargc.  */
      command = (char *) alloca (strlen (argv[2])+2);
      strcpy (command, argv[2]);
      if (command[strlen (command) - 1] != ' ')
        strcat (command, " ");
    
      t = command;
      newargc = 0;
      t = mystrchr (t, ' ');
      while (t)
        {
          newargc++;
          t = mystrchr (t+1, ' ');
        }
    
      newargv = (char **) alloca (sizeof (char *) * newargc);
    
      t = command;
      for (j = 0; j < newargc; j++)
        {
          newargv[j] = (char *) alloca (strlen (t) + 1);
          mystrcpy (newargv[j], t);

          t = mystrtok (t);
          paramlen += strlen (newargv[j]) + 1;
        }
    
      if (strncmp (newargv[0], "~emacs/", 7) == 0)
        {
          if (Unix2MacPathname (newargv[0], tempmacpathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
            return -1;
        }
      else
        {  /* sometimes Emacs call "sh" without a path for the command */
#if 0
          char *t = (char *) alloca (strlen (newargv[0]) + 7 + 1);
          strcpy (t, "~emacs/");
          strcat (t, newargv[0]);
#endif
          Lisp_Object path;
          openp (Vexec_path, build_string (newargv[0]), EXEC_SUFFIXES, &path, 1);

          if (NILP (path))
            return -1;
          if (Unix2MacPathname (XSTRING (path)->data, tempmacpathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
            return -1;
        }
      strcpy (macappname, tempmacpathname);
    }
  else
    {      
      if (Unix2MacPathname (argv[0], macappname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
        return -1;

      newargv = (char **) alloca (sizeof (char *) * argc);
      newargc = argc;  
      for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
        {
          if (strncmp (argv[j], "~emacs/", 7) == 0)
            {
              char *t = strchr (argv[j], ' ');
              if (t)
                {
                  char tempcmdname[MAXPATHLEN+1], tempmaccmdname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
                  strncpy (tempcmdname, argv[j], t-argv[j]);
                  tempcmdname[t-argv[j]] = '\0';
                  if (Unix2MacPathname (tempcmdname, tempmaccmdname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
                    return -1;
                  newargv[j] = (char *) alloca (strlen (tempmaccmdname) + strlen (t) + 1);
                  strcpy (newargv[j], tempmaccmdname);
                  strcat (newargv[j], t);
                }
              else
                {
                  char tempmaccmdname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
                  if (Unix2MacPathname (argv[j], tempmaccmdname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
                    return -1;
                  newargv[j] = (char *) alloca (strlen (tempmaccmdname)+1);
                  strcpy (newargv[j], tempmaccmdname);
                }
            }
          else
            newargv[j] = argv[j];  
          paramlen += strlen (newargv[j]) + 1;
        }
    }

  /* After expanding all the arguments, we now know the length of the parameter block to be
     sent to the subprocess as a message attached to the HLE. */
  param = (char *) xmalloc (paramlen + 1);
  if (!param)
    return -1;

  p = param;
  *p++ = newargc;  /* first byte of message contains number of arguments for command */
  strcpy (p, macworkdir);
  p += strlen (macworkdir);
  *p++ = '\0';  /* null terminate strings sent so it's possible to use strcpy over there */
  strcpy (p, macinfn);
  p += strlen (macinfn);
  *p++ = '\0';  
  strcpy (p, macoutfn);
  p += strlen (macoutfn);
  *p++ = '\0';  
  strcpy (p, macerrfn);
  p += strlen (macerrfn);
  *p++ = '\0';  
  for (j = 1; j < newargc; j++) {
    strcpy (p, newargv[j]);
    p += strlen (newargv[j]);
    *p++ = '\0';  
  }
  
  c2pstr (macappname);
  
  iErr = FSMakeFSSpec (0, 0, macappname, &spec);
  
  if (iErr != noErr) {
    xfree (param);
    return -1;
  }

  lpbr.launchBlockID = extendedBlock;
  lpbr.launchEPBLength = extendedBlockLen;
  lpbr.launchControlFlags = launchContinue + launchNoFileFlags;
  lpbr.launchAppSpec = &spec;
  lpbr.launchAppParameters = NULL;

  iErr = LaunchApplication (&lpbr);  /* call the subprocess */
  if (iErr != noErr)
    {
      xfree (param);
      return -1;
    }

  sendEvent.what = kHighLevelEvent;
  sendEvent.message = kEmacsSubprocessSend;  /* Event ID stored in "where" unused */

  retries = 3;
  do {  /* OS may think current subprocess has terminated if previous one terminated recently */
    iErr = PostHighLevelEvent (&sendEvent, &lpbr.launchProcessSN, 0, param, paramlen + 1, receiverIDisPSN);
  }
  while (iErr == sessClosedErr && retries-- > 0);

  if (iErr != noErr) {
    xfree (param);
    return -1;
  }

  cursorRegionHdl = NewRgn ();
        
  /* Wait for the subprocess to finish, when it will send us a ERPY high level event */
  while (1)
    if (WaitNextEvent (highLevelEventMask, &replyEvent, 180, cursorRegionHdl) && replyEvent.message == kEmacsSubprocessReply)
      break;
  
  /* The return code is sent through the refCon */
  iErr = AcceptHighLevelEvent (&targ, &refCon, NULL, &len);
  if (iErr != noErr) {
    DisposeHandle ((Handle) cursorRegionHdl);
    xfree (param);
    return -1;
  }
  
  DisposeHandle ((Handle) cursorRegionHdl);
  xfree (param);

  return refCon;
}

DIR *
opendir (const char *dirname)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  DIR *dirp;
  CInfoPBRec cipb;
  int len;

  dirp = (DIR *) xmalloc (sizeof (DIR));
  if (!dirp)
    return 0;

  /* Handle special case when dirname is "/": sets up for readir to
     get all mount volumes. */
  if (strcmp (dirname, "/") == 0) {
    dirp->getting_volumes = 1;  /* special all mounted volumes DIR struct */
    dirp->current_index = 1;  /* index for first volume */
    return dirp;
  }

  /* Handle typical cases: not accessing all mounted volumes. */
  if (Unix2MacPathname (dirname, MacPathname, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return 0;

  /* Emacs calls opendir without the trailing '/', Mac needs trailing ':' */
  len = strlen (MacPathname);
  if (MacPathname[len - 1] != ':' && len < MAXPATHLEN)
    strcat (MacPathname, ":");

  c2pstr (MacPathname);
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioNamePtr = MacPathname;  /* using full pathname so vRefNum and dirID ignored */
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioVRefNum = 0;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioDirID = 0;
  cipb.hFileInfo.ioFDirIndex = 0;  /* set to 0 to get information about specific dir or file */
  
  errno = PBGetCatInfo (&cipb, false);
  if (errno != noErr) {
    errno = ENOENT;
    return 0;
  }

  if (!(cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x10))  /* bit 4 = 1 for directories */
    return 0;  /* not a directory */

  dirp->dir_id = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID;  /* used later in readdir */
  dirp->getting_volumes = 0;
  dirp->current_index = 1;  /* index for first file/directory */
  
  return dirp;
}

int
closedir (DIR *dp)
{
  xfree (dp);
  return 0;
}

struct dirent *
readdir (DIR *dp)
{
  HParamBlockRec HPBlock;
  CInfoPBRec cipb;
  static struct dirent s_dirent;
  static Str255 s_name;
  int done;

  /* Handle the root directory containing the mounted volumes.  Call
     PBHGetVInfo specifying an index to obtain the info for a volume.
     PBHGetVInfo returns an error when it receives an index beyond the
     last volume, at which time we should return a nil dirent struct
     pointer. */
  if (dp->getting_volumes) {
    HPBlock.volumeParam.ioNamePtr = s_name;
    HPBlock.volumeParam.ioVRefNum = 0;
    HPBlock.volumeParam.ioVolIndex = dp->current_index;
                
    errno = PBHGetVInfo (&HPBlock, false);
    if (errno != noErr) {
      errno = ENOENT;
      return 0;
    }
                        
    p2cstr (s_name);
    strcat (s_name, "/");  /* need "/" for stat to work correctly */

    dp->current_index++;

    s_dirent.d_ino = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID;
    s_dirent.d_name = s_name;
  
    return &s_dirent;
  }
  else {
    cipb.hFileInfo.ioVRefNum = 0;
    cipb.hFileInfo.ioNamePtr = s_name;  /* location to receive filename returned */

    /* return only visible files */
    done = false;
    while (!done) {
      cipb.hFileInfo.ioDirID = dp->dir_id;  /* directory ID found by opendir */
      cipb.hFileInfo.ioFDirIndex = dp->current_index;

      errno = PBGetCatInfo (&cipb, false);
      if (errno != noErr) {
        errno = ENOENT;
        return 0;
      }

      /* insist on an visibile entry */
      if (cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlAttrib & 0x10)  /* directory? */
        done = !(cipb.dirInfo.ioDrUsrWds.frFlags & fInvisible);
      else
        done = !(cipb.hFileInfo.ioFlFndrInfo.fdFlags & fInvisible);

      dp->current_index++;
    }

    p2cstr (s_name);

    s_dirent.d_ino = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID;  /* value unimportant: non-zero for valid file */
    s_dirent.d_name = s_name;
  
    return &s_dirent;
  }
}

char *
getwd (char *path)
{
  char MacPathname[MAXPATHLEN+1];
  Str255 directoryName;
  OSErr errno;
  CInfoPBRec cipb;

  MacPathname[0] = '\0';
  directoryName[0] = '\0';
  cipb.dirInfo.ioDrParID = 0;
  cipb.dirInfo.ioNamePtr = directoryName;  /* empty string = default directory */

  do {
    cipb.dirInfo.ioVRefNum = 0;
    cipb.dirInfo.ioFDirIndex = -1;
    cipb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID = cipb.dirInfo.ioDrParID;  /* go up to parent each time */

    errno = PBGetCatInfo (&cipb, false);
    if (errno != noErr) {
      errno = ENOENT;
      return 0;
    }

    p2cstr (directoryName);
    strcat (directoryName, ":");
    strcat (directoryName, MacPathname);  /* attach to front since going up directory tree */
    strcpy (MacPathname, directoryName);
  } while (cipb.dirInfo.ioDrDirID != fsRtDirID);  /* until volume's root directory */

  if (Mac2UnixPathname (MacPathname, path, MAXPATHLEN+1) == 0)
    return 0;
  else
    return path;
}

#endif /* macintosh */