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1 ;;; man.el --- browse UNIX manual pages
3 ;; Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 ;; Author: Barry A. Warsaw <bwarsaw@cen.com>
6 ;; Keywords: help
7 ;; Adapted-By: ESR, pot
9 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
11 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
12 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
13 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
14 ;; any later version.
16 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
17 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
18 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
19 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
21 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
22 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
23 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
24 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
26 ;;; Commentary:
28 ;; This code provides a function, `man', with which you can browse
29 ;; UNIX manual pages. Formatting is done in background so that you
30 ;; can continue to use your Emacs while processing is going on.
31 ;;
32 ;; The mode also supports hypertext-like following of manual page SEE
33 ;; ALSO references, and other features. See below or do `?' in a
34 ;; manual page buffer for details.
36 ;; ========== Credits and History ==========
37 ;; In mid 1991, several people posted some interesting improvements to
38 ;; man.el from the standard emacs 18.57 distribution. I liked many of
39 ;; these, but wanted everything in one single package, so I decided
40 ;; to incorporate them into a single manual browsing mode. While
41 ;; much of the code here has been rewritten, and some features added,
42 ;; these folks deserve lots of credit for providing the initial
43 ;; excellent packages on which this one is based.
45 ;; Nick Duffek <duffek@chaos.cs.brandeis.edu>, posted a very nice
46 ;; improvement which retrieved and cleaned the manpages in a
47 ;; background process, and which correctly deciphered such options as
48 ;; man -k.
50 ;; Eric Rose <erose@jessica.stanford.edu>, submitted manual.el which
51 ;; provided a very nice manual browsing mode.
53 ;; This package was available as `superman.el' from the LCD package
54 ;; for some time before it was accepted into Emacs 19. The entry
55 ;; point and some other names have been changed to make it a drop-in
56 ;; replacement for the old man.el package.
58 ;; Francesco Potorti` <pot@cnuce.cnr.it> cleaned it up thoroughly,
59 ;; making it faster, more robust and more tolerant of different
60 ;; systems' man idiosyncrasies.
62 ;; ========== Features ==========
63 ;; + Runs "man" in the background and pipes the results through a
64 ;; series of sed and awk scripts so that all retrieving and cleaning
65 ;; is done in the background. The cleaning commands are configurable.
66 ;; + Syntax is the same as Un*x man
67 ;; + Functionality is the same as Un*x man, including "man -k" and
68 ;; "man <section>", etc.
69 ;; + Provides a manual browsing mode with keybindings for traversing
70 ;; the sections of a manpage, following references in the SEE ALSO
71 ;; section, and more.
72 ;; + Multiple manpages created with the same man command are put into
73 ;; a narrowed buffer circular list.
75 ;; ============= TODO ===========
76 ;; - Add a command for printing.
77 ;; - The awk script deletes multiple blank lines. This behaviour does
78 ;; not allow to understand if there was indeed a blank line at the
79 ;; end or beginning of a page (after the header, or before the
80 ;; footer). A different algorithm should be used. It is easy to
81 ;; compute how many blank lines there are before and after the page
82 ;; headers, and after the page footer. But it is possible to compute
83 ;; the number of blank lines before the page footer by euristhics
84 ;; only. Is it worth doing?
85 ;; - Allow a user option to mean that all the manpages should go in
86 ;; the same buffer, where they can be browsed with M-n and M-p.
87 ;; - Allow completion on the manpage name when calling man. This
88 ;; requires a reliable list of places where manpages can be found. The
89 ;; drawback would be that if the list is not complete, the user might
90 ;; be led to believe that the manpages in the missing directories do
91 ;; not exist.
93 \f
94 ;;; Code:
98 ;; vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
99 ;; empty defvars (keep the compiler quiet)
102 "Browse UNIX manual pages."
111 "*Manpage cleaning filter command phrases.
112 This variable contains a list of the following form:
114 '((command-string phrase-string*)*)
116 Each phrase-string is concatenated onto the command-string to form a
117 command filter. The (standard) output (and standard error) of the Un*x
118 man command is piped through each command filter in the order the
119 commands appear in the association list. The final output is placed in
120 the manpage buffer."
136 ;; vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
137 ;; user variables
140 "*Make up the manpage with fonts."
145 "*Face to use when fontifying overstrike."
150 "*Face to use when fontifying underlining."
154 ;; Use the value of the obsolete user option Man-notify, if set.
156 "*Selects the behavior when manpage is ready.
157 This variable may have one of the following values, where (sf) means
158 that the frames are switched, so the manpage is displayed in the frame
159 where the man command was called from:
161 newframe -- put the manpage in its own frame (see `Man-frame-parameters')
162 pushy -- make the manpage the current buffer in the current window
163 bully -- make the manpage the current buffer and only window (sf)
164 aggressive -- make the manpage the current buffer in the other window (sf)
165 friendly -- display manpage in the other window but don't make current (sf)
166 polite -- don't display manpage, but prints message and beep when ready
167 quiet -- like `polite', but don't beep
168 meek -- make no indication that the manpage is ready
170 Any other value of `Man-notify-method' is equivalent to `meek'."
177 "*Frame parameter list for creating a new frame for a manual page."
182 "*Letters in sections are converted to lower case.
183 Some Un*x man commands can't handle uppercase letters in sections, for
185 with the upper case letter. When this variable is t, the section
187 being sent to the man background process."
192 "*If t, the manpage list is treated as circular for traversal."
199 ;; Some systems have a real 3x man section, so let's comment this.
200 ;; '("3X" . "3") ; Xlib man pages
203 "*Association list of bogus sections to real section numbers.
204 Some manpages (e.g. the Sun C++ 2.1 manpages) have section numbers in
205 their references which Un*x `man' does not recognize. This
206 association list is used to translate those sections, when found, to
207 the associated section number."
229 mode-line-mule-info
230 mode-line-modified
231 mode-line-frame-identification
232 mode-line-buffer-identification " "
233 global-mode-string
234 " " Man-page-mode-string
265 "Regular expression for SEE ALSO heading (or your equivalent).
269 "Regular expression describing first heading on a manpage.
281 "-s"
285 ;; ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
286 ;; end user variables
287 \f
288 ;; other variables and keymap initializations
308 :ovstrk
310 t ovstrk
311 }
331 table)
335 nil
355 )
357 \f
358 ;; ======================================================================
359 ;; utilities
362 "Used for initialising variables based on the value of window-system.
363 This is necessary if one wants to dump man.el with emacs."
365 ;; The following is necessary until fonts are implemented on
366 ;; terminals.
368 window-system))
370 ;; Avoid possible error in call-process by using a directory that must exist.
375 nil)
377 Man-sysv-sed-script)
379 Man-berkeley-sed-script)
381 nil))))
386 Man-sed-command
392 "-e '/\e[789]/s///g'"
393 "-e '/Reformatting page. Wait/d'"
394 "-e '/Reformatting entry. Wait/d'"
405 ))
407 Man-awk-command
415 "'"
416 ))
419 Man-untabify-command
420 Man-untabify-command-args)
421 )))
422 )
425 "Return the substring matched by the last search.
426 Optional arg N means return the substring matched by the Nth paren
427 grouping. Optional second arg STRING means return a substring from
428 that string instead of from the current buffer."
435 "Formats part of the mode line for Man mode."
439 Man-current-page
443 "Builds the entire background manpage and cleaning command."
445 ; Stock MS-DOS shells cannot redirect stderr;
446 ; `call-process' below sends it to /dev/null,
447 ; so we don't need `2>' even with DOS shells
448 ; which do support stderr redirection.
450 " %s"
461 phrase)
464 command))
468 Leave it as is if already in that style. Possibly downcase and
469 translate the section (see the Man-downcase-section-letters-flag
470 and the Man-section-translations-alist variables)."
475 ;; "chmod(2V)" case ?
479 ;; "2v chmod" case ?
485 ref ; Return the reference as is
497 s2)
498 slist nil))))
501 \f
502 ;; ======================================================================
503 ;; default man entry: get word under point
506 "Make a guess at a default manual entry.
507 This guess is based on the text surrounding the cursor, and the
508 default section number is selected from `Man-auto-section-alist'."
511 ;; Default man entry title is any word the cursor is on, or if
512 ;; cursor not on a word, then nearest preceding word.
516 ;; If looking at something like ioctl(2) or brc(1M), include the
517 ;; section number in the returned value. Remove text properties.
519 ;; Use `format' here to clear any text props from `word'.
521 word
527 \f
528 ;; ======================================================================
529 ;; Top level command and background process sentinel
531 ;; For compatibility with older versions.
532 ;;;###autoload
535 ;;;###autoload
537 "Get a Un*x manual page and put it in a buffer.
538 This command is the top-level command in the man package. It runs a Un*x
539 command to retrieve and clean a manpage in the background and places the
540 results in a Man mode (manpage browsing) buffer. See variable
541 `Man-notify-method' for what happens when the buffer is ready.
542 If a buffer already exists for this man page, it will display immediately."
548 ""
553 default-entry)
554 input))))
556 ;; Possibly translate the "subject(section)" syntax into the
557 ;; "section subject" syntax and possibly downcase the section.
562 ;;;###autoload
564 "Get a Un*x manual page of the item under point and put it in a buffer."
572 "Uses TOPIC to build and fire off the manpage and cleaning command."
586 ;; Avoid possible error by using a directory that always exists.
588 ;; Prevent any attempt to use display terminal fanciness.
605 exit-status)))
610 "Notify the user when MAN-BUFFER is ready.
611 See the variable `Man-notify-method' for the different notification behaviors."
614 Man-original-frame)))
617 ;; Since we run asynchronously, perhaps while Emacs is waiting
618 ;; for input, we must not leave a different buffer current. We
619 ;; can't rely on the editor command loop to reselect the
620 ;; selected window's buffer.
648 t)
650 )))
653 ;; \255 is some kind of dash in Latin-1.
662 "Convert overstriking and underlining to the correct fonts.
663 Same for the ANSI bold and normal escape sequences."
698 "Remove overstriking and underlining from the current buffer."
701 Man-arguments)
715 ))
722 "Manpage background process sentinel.
723 When manpage command is run asynchronously, PROCESS is the process
724 object for the manpage command; when manpage command is run
725 synchronously, PROCESS is the name of the buffer where the manpage
726 command is run. Second argument MSG is the exit message of the
727 manpage command."
746 delete-buff t))
754 ": process "
760 ))
769 ))
770 ;; Restore case-fold-search before calling
771 ;; Man-notify-when-ready because it may switch buffers.
778 ))))
780 \f
781 ;; ======================================================================
782 ;; set up manual mode in buffer and build alists
785 "A mode for browsing Un*x manual pages.
787 The following man commands are available in the buffer. Try
802 The following variables may be of some use. Try
805 Man-notify-method What happens when manpage formatting is done.
806 Man-downcase-section-letters-flag Force section letters to lower case.
807 Man-circular-pages-flag Treat multiple manpage list as circular.
808 Man-auto-section-alist List of major modes and their section numbers.
809 Man-section-translations-alist List of section numbers and their Un*x equiv.
810 Man-filter-list Background manpage filter command.
811 Man-mode-line-format Mode line format for Man mode buffers.
812 Man-mode-map Keymap bindings for Man mode buffers.
813 Man-mode-hook Normal hook run on entry to Man mode.
814 Man-section-regexp Regexp describing manpage section letters.
815 Man-heading-regexp Regexp describing section headers.
816 Man-see-also-regexp Regexp for SEE ALSO section (or your equiv).
817 Man-first-heading-regexp Regexp for first heading on a manpage.
818 Man-reference-regexp Regexp matching a references in SEE ALSO.
819 Man-switches Background `man' command switches.
821 The following key bindings are currently in effect in the buffer:
825 mode-name "Man"
826 buffer-auto-save-file-name nil
827 mode-line-format Man-mode-line-format
828 truncate-lines t
829 buffer-read-only t)
841 "Build the association list of manpage sections."
850 "Build the association list of references (in the SEE ALSO section)."
858 hyphenated
871 hyphenated nil))
878 "Build the list of separate manpages in the buffer."
884 ;; (switch-to-buffer (current-buffer))(debug)
889 nil))
890 ;; Go past both the current and the next Man-first-heading-regexp
893 ;; We assume that the page header is delimited by blank
894 ;; lines and that it contains at most one blank line. So
895 ;; if we back by three blank lines we will be sure to be
896 ;; before the page header but not before the possible
897 ;; previous page header.
905 header))))
907 )))
910 "Strip all the page headers but the first from the manpage."
922 ;; Since the awk script collapses all successive blank
923 ;; lines into one, and since we don't want to get rid of
924 ;; the fast awk script, one must choose between adding
925 ;; spare blank lines between pages when there were none and
926 ;; deleting blank lines at page boundaries when there were
927 ;; some. We choose the first, so we comment the following
928 ;; line.
929 ;; (setq header (concat "\n" header)))
935 "Delete the leading spaces that indent the manpage."
970 ))))
972 \f
973 ;; ======================================================================
974 ;; Man mode commands
977 "Move point to Nth next section (default 1)."
987 "Move point to Nth previous section (default 1)."
997 "Move point to SECTION if it exists, otherwise don't move point.
998 Returns t if section is found, nil otherwise."
1005 nil)
1006 ))
1009 "Query for section to move point to."
1014 chosen
1019 default
1020 chosen)))
1025 Actually the section moved to is described by `Man-see-also-regexp'."
1033 Specify which reference to use; default is based on word at point."
1043 ;; strip a trailing '-':
1047 word)))
1048 Man-refpages-alist))
1050 chosen
1055 default
1056 chosen)))))
1064 "Kill the buffer containing the manpage."
1076 "Bury the buffer containing the manpage."
1088 "Go to the manual page on page PAGE."
1119 "Find the next manpage entry in the buffer."
1130 "Find the previous manpage entry in the buffer."
1139 \f
1140 ;; Init the man package variables, if not already done.
1145 ;;; man.el ends here