lisp/language/lao-util.el

   1 ;;; lao-util.el --- utilities for Lao -*- coding: iso-2022-7bit; -*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 2001-2012  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   4 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
   5 ;;   2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
   6 ;;   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
   7 ;;   Registration Number H14PRO021
   8 ;; Copyright (C) 2003
   9 ;;   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
  10 ;;   Registration Number H13PRO009
  11
  12 ;; Keywords: multilingual, Lao, i18n
  13
  14 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
  15
  16 ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  17 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  18 ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  19 ;; (at your option) any later version.
  20
  21 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  22 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  23 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  24 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  25
  26 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  27 ;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  28
  29 ;;; Commentary:
  30
  31 ;;; Code:
  32
  33 ;; Setting information of Thai characters.
  34
  35 (defconst lao-category-table (make-category-table))
  36 (define-category ?c "Lao consonant" lao-category-table)
  37 (define-category ?s "Lao semi-vowel" lao-category-table)
  38 (define-category ?v "Lao upper/lower vowel" lao-category-table)
  39 (define-category ?t "Lao tone" lao-category-table)
  40
  41 (let ((l '((?\e(1!\e(B consonant "LETTER KOR  KAI'" "CHICKEN")
  42            (?\e(1"\e(B consonant "LETTER KHOR KHAI'" "EGG")
  43            (?\e(1#\e(B invalid nil)
  44            (?\e(1$\e(B consonant "LETTER QHOR QHWARGN" "BUFFALO")
  45            (?\e(1%\e(B invalid nil)
  46            (?  invalid nil)
  47            (?\e(1'\e(B consonant "LETTER NGOR NGUU" "SNAKE")
  48            (?\e(1(\e(B consonant "LETTER JOR JUA" "BUDDHIST NOVICE")
  49            (?\e(1)\e(B invalid nil)
  50            (?\e(1*\e(B consonant "LETTER XOR X\"ARNG" "ELEPHANT")
  51            (?\e(1+\e(B invalid nil)
  52            (?\e(1,\e(B invalid nil)
  53            (?\e(1-\e(B consonant "LETTER YOR YUNG" "MOSQUITO")
  54            (?\e(1.\e(B invalid nil)
  55            (?\e(1.\e(B invalid nil)
  56            (?\e(1.\e(B invalid nil)
  57            (?\e(1.\e(B invalid nil)
  58            (?\e(1.\e(B invalid nil)
  59            (?\e(1.\e(B invalid nil)
  60            (?\e(14\e(B consonant "LETTER DOR DANG" "NOSE")
  61            (?\e(15\e(B consonant "LETTER TOR TAR" "EYE")
  62            (?\e(16\e(B consonant "LETTER THOR THUNG" "TO ASK,QUESTION")
  63            (?\e(17\e(B consonant "LETTER DHOR DHARM" "FLAG")
  64            (?\e(18\e(B invalid nil)
  65            (?\e(19\e(B consonant "LETTER NOR NOK" "BIRD")
  66            (?\e(1:\e(B consonant "LETTER BOR BED" "FISHHOOK")
  67            (?\e(1;\e(B consonant "LETTER POR PAR" "FISH")
  68            (?\e(1<\e(B consonant "LETTER HPOR HPER\"" "BEE")
  69            (?\e(1=\e(B consonant "LETTER FHOR FHAR" "WALL")
  70            (?\e(1>\e(B consonant "LETTER PHOR PHUU" "MOUNTAIN")
  71            (?\e(1?\e(B consonant "LETTER FOR FAI" "FIRE")
  72            (?\e(1@\e(B invalid nil)
  73            (?\e(1A\e(B consonant "LETTER MOR MAR\"" "HORSE")
  74            (?\e(1B\e(B consonant "LETTER GNOR GNAR" "MEDICINE")
  75            (?\e(1C\e(B consonant "LETTER ROR ROD" "CAR")
  76            (?\e(1D\e(B invalid nil)
  77            (?\e(1E\e(B consonant "LETTER LOR LIING" "MONKEY")
  78            (?\e(1F\e(B invalid nil)
  79            (?\e(1G\e(B consonant "LETTER WOR WII" "HAND FAN")
  80            (?\e(1H\e(B invalid nil)
  81            (?\e(1I\e(B invalid nil)
  82            (?\e(1J\e(B consonant "LETTER SOR SEA" "TIGER")
  83            (?\e(1K\e(B consonant "LETTER HHOR HHAI" "JAR")
  84            (?\e(1L\e(B invalid nil)
  85            (?\e(1M\e(B consonant "LETTER OR OOW" "TAKE")
  86            (?\e(1N\e(B consonant "LETTER HOR HEA" "BOAT")
  87            (?\e(1O\e(B special "ELLIPSIS")
  88            (?\e(1P\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA A")
  89            (?\e(1Q\e(B vowel-upper "VOWEL SIGN MAI KAN")
  90            (?\e(1R\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA AR")
  91            (?\e(1S\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA AM")
  92            (?\e(1T\e(B vowel-upper "VOWEL SIGN SARA I")
  93            (?\e(1U\e(B vowel-upper "VOWEL SIGN SARA II")
  94            (?\e(1V\e(B vowel-upper "VOWEL SIGN SARA EU")
  95            (?\e(1W\e(B vowel-upper "VOWEL SIGN SARA UR")
  96            (?\e(1X\e(B vowel-lower "VOWEL SIGN SARA U")
  97            (?\e(1Y\e(B vowel-lower "VOWEL SIGN SARA UU")
  98            (?\e(1Z\e(B invalid nil)
  99            (?\e(1[\e(B vowel-upper "VOWEL SIGN MAI KONG")
 100            (?\e(1\\e(B semivowel-lower "SEMIVOWEL SIGN LO")
 101            (?\e(1]\e(B vowel-base "SEMIVOWEL SIGN SARA IA")
 102            (?\e(1^\e(B invalid nil)
 103            (?\e(1_\e(B invalid nil)
 104            (?\e(1`\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA EE")
 105            (?\e(1a\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA AA")
 106            (?\e(1b\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA OO")
 107            (?\e(1c\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA EI MAI MUAN\"")
 108            (?\e(1d\e(B vowel-base "VOWEL SIGN SARA AI MAI MAY")
 109            (?\e(1e\e(B invalid nil)
 110            (?\e(1f\e(B special "KO LA (REPETITION)")
 111            (?\e(1g\e(B invalid nil)
 112            (?\e(1h\e(B tone "TONE MAI EK")
 113            (?\e(1i\e(B tone "TONE MAI THO")
 114            (?\e(1j\e(B tone "TONE MAI TI")
 115            (?\e(1k\e(B tone "TONE MAI JADTAWAR")
 116            (?\e(1l\e(B tone "CANCELLATION MARK")
 117            (?\e(1m\e(B vowel-upper "VOWEL SIGN SARA OR")
 118            (?\e(1n\e(B invalid nil)
 119            (?\e(1o\e(B invalid nil)
 120            (?\e(1p\e(B special "DIGIT ZERO")
 121            (?\e(1q\e(B special "DIGIT ONE")
 122            (?\e(1r\e(B special "DIGIT TWO")
 123            (?\e(1s\e(B special "DIGIT THREE")
 124            (?\e(1t\e(B special "DIGIT FOUR")
 125            (?\e(1u\e(B special "DIGIT FIVE")
 126            (?\e(1v\e(B special "DIGIT SIX")
 127            (?\e(1w\e(B special "DIGIT SEVEN")
 128            (?\e(1x\e(B special "DIGIT EIGHT")
 129            (?\e(1y\e(B special "DIGIT NINE")
 130            (?\e(1z\e(B invalid nil)
 131            (?\e(1{\e(B invalid nil)
 132            (?\e(1|\e(B consonant "LETTER NHOR NHUU" "MOUSE")
 133            (?\e(1}\e(B consonant "LETTER MHOR MHAR" "DOG")
 134            (?\e(1~\e(B invalid nil)))
 135       elm)
 136   (while l
 137     (setq elm (car l) l (cdr l))
 138     (let ((char (car elm))
 139           (ptype (nth 1 elm)))
 140       (cond ((eq ptype 'consonant)
 141              (modify-category-entry char ?c lao-category-table))
 142             ((memq ptype '(vowel-upper vowel-lower))
 143              (modify-category-entry char ?v lao-category-table))
 144             ((eq ptype 'semivowel-lower)
 145              (modify-category-entry char ?s lao-category-table))
 146             ((eq ptype 'tone)
 147              (modify-category-entry char ?t lao-category-table)))
 148       (put-char-code-property char 'phonetic-type ptype)
 149       (put-char-code-property char 'name (nth 2 elm))
 150       (put-char-code-property char 'meaning (nth 3 elm)))))
 151
 152 ;; The general composing rules are as follows:
 153 ;;
 154 ;;                          T
 155 ;;       V        T         V                  T
 156 ;; CV -> C, CT -> C, CVT -> C, Cv -> C, CvT -> C
 157 ;;                                   v         v
 158 ;;                             T
 159 ;;        V         T          V                    T
 160 ;; CsV -> C, CsT -> C, CsVT -> C, Csv -> C, CsvT -> C
 161 ;;        s         s          s         s          s
 162 ;;                                       v          v
 163
 164
 165 ;; where C: consonant, V: vowel upper, v: vowel lower,
 166 ;;       T: tone mark, s: semivowel lower
 167
 168 (defvar lao-composition-pattern
 169   "\\cc\\(\\ct\\|\\cv\\ct?\\|\\cs\\(\\ct\\|\\cv\\ct?\\)?\\)"
 170   "Regular expression matching a Lao composite sequence.")
 171
 172 ;;;###autoload
 173 (defun lao-compose-string (str)
 174   (with-category-table lao-category-table
 175    (let ((idx 0))
 176      (while (setq idx (string-match lao-composition-pattern str idx))
 177        (compose-string str idx (match-end 0))
 178        (setq idx (match-end 0))))
 179    str))
 180
 181 ;;; LRT: Lao <-> Roman Transcription
 182
 183 ;; Upper vowels and tone-marks are put on the letter.
 184 ;; Semi-vowel-sign-lo and lower vowels are put under the letter.
 185
 186 (defconst lao-transcription-consonant-alist
 187   (sort '(;; single consonants
 188           ("k" . "\e(1!\e(B")
 189           ("kh" . "\e(1"\e(B")
 190           ("qh" . "\e(1$\e(B")
 191           ("ng" . "\e(1'\e(B")
 192           ("j" . "\e(1(\e(B")
 193           ("s" . "\e(1J\e(B")
 194           ("x" . "\e(1*\e(B")
 195           ("y" . "\e(1-\e(B")
 196           ("d" . "\e(14\e(B")
 197           ("t" . "\e(15\e(B")
 198           ("th" . "\e(16\e(B")
 199           ("dh" . "\e(17\e(B")
 200           ("n" . "\e(19\e(B")
 201           ("b" . "\e(1:\e(B")
 202           ("p" . "\e(1;\e(B")
 203           ("hp" . "\e(1<\e(B")
 204           ("fh" . "\e(1=\e(B")
 205           ("ph" . "\e(1>\e(B")
 206           ("f" . "\e(1?\e(B")
 207           ("m" . "\e(1A\e(B")
 208           ("gn" . "\e(1B\e(B")
 209           ("l" . "\e(1E\e(B")
 210           ("r" . "\e(1C\e(B")
 211           ("v" . "\e(1G\e(B")
 212           ("w" . "\e(1G\e(B")
 213           ("hh" . "\e(1K\e(B")
 214           ("O" . "\e(1M\e(B")
 215           ("h" . "\e(1N\e(B")
 216           ("nh" . "\e(1|\e(B")
 217           ("mh" . "\e(1}\e(B")
 218           ("lh" . ["\e(1K\\e(B"])
 219           ;; double consonants
 220           ("ngh" . ["\e(1K'\e(B"])
 221           ("yh" . ["\e(1K]\e(B"])
 222           ("wh" . ["\e(1KG\e(B"])
 223           ("hl" . ["\e(1KE\e(B"])
 224           ("hy" . ["\e(1K-\e(B"])
 225           ("hn" . ["\e(1K9\e(B"])
 226           ("hm" . ["\e(1KA\e(B"])
 227           )
 228         (function (lambda (x y) (> (length (car x)) (length (car y)))))))
 229
 230 (defconst lao-transcription-semi-vowel-alist
 231   '(("r" . "\e(1\\e(B")))
 232
 233 (defconst lao-transcription-vowel-alist
 234   (sort '(("a" . "\e(1P\e(B")
 235           ("ar" . "\e(1R\e(B")
 236           ("i" . "\e(1T\e(B")
 237           ("ii" . "\e(1U\e(B")
 238           ("eu" . "\e(1V\e(B")
 239           ("ur" . "\e(1W\e(B")
 240           ("u" . "\e(1X\e(B")
 241           ("uu" . "\e(1Y\e(B")
 242           ("e" . ["\e(1`P\e(B"])
 243           ("ee" . "\e(1`\e(B")
 244           ("ae" . ["\e(1aP\e(B"])
 245           ("aa" . "\e(1a\e(B")
 246           ("o" . ["\e(1bP\e(B"])
 247           ("oo" . "\e(1b\e(B")
 248           ("oe" . ["\e(1`RP\e(B"])
 249           ("or" . "\e(1m\e(B")
 250           ("er" . ["\e(1`T\e(B"])
 251           ("ir" . ["\e(1`U\e(B"])
 252           ("ua" . ["\e(1[GP\e(B"])
 253           ("uaa" . ["\e(1[G\e(B"])
 254           ("ie" . ["\e(1`Q]P\e(B"])
 255           ("ia" . ["\e(1`Q]\e(B"])
 256           ("ea" . ["\e(1`VM\e(B"])
 257           ("eaa" . ["\e(1`WM\e(B"])
 258           ("ai" . "\e(1d\e(B")
 259           ("ei" . "\e(1c\e(B")
 260           ("ao" . ["\e(1`[R\e(B"])
 261           ("aM" . "\e(1S\e(B"))
 262         (function (lambda (x y) (> (length (car x)) (length (car y)))))))
 263
 264 ;; Maa-sakod is put at the tail.
 265 (defconst lao-transcription-maa-sakod-alist
 266   '(("k" . "\e(1!\e(B")
 267     ("g" . "\e(1'\e(B")
 268     ("y" . "\e(1-\e(B")
 269     ("d" . "\e(14\e(B")
 270     ("n" . "\e(19\e(B")
 271     ("b" . "\e(1:\e(B")
 272     ("m" . "\e(1A\e(B")
 273     ("v" . "\e(1G\e(B")
 274     ("w" . "\e(1G\e(B")
 275     ))
 276
 277 (defconst lao-transcription-tone-alist
 278   '(("'" . "\e(1h\e(B")
 279     ("\"" . "\e(1i\e(B")
 280     ("^" . "\e(1j\e(B")
 281     ("+" . "\e(1k\e(B")
 282     ("~" . "\e(1l\e(B")))
 283
 284 (defconst lao-transcription-punctuation-alist
 285   '(("\\0" . "\e(1p\e(B")
 286     ("\\1" . "\e(1q\e(B")
 287     ("\\2" . "\e(1r\e(B")
 288     ("\\3" . "\e(1s\e(B")
 289     ("\\4" . "\e(1t\e(B")
 290     ("\\5" . "\e(1u\e(B")
 291     ("\\6" . "\e(1v\e(B")
 292     ("\\7" . "\e(1w\e(B")
 293     ("\\8" . "\e(1x\e(B")
 294     ("\\9" . "\e(1y\e(B")
 295     ("\\\\" . "\e(1f\e(B")
 296     ("\\$" . "\e(1O\e(B")))
 297
 298 (defconst lao-transcription-pattern
 299   (concat
 300    "\\("
 301    (mapconcat 'car lao-transcription-consonant-alist "\\|")
 302    "\\)\\("
 303    (mapconcat 'car lao-transcription-semi-vowel-alist "\\|")
 304    "\\)?\\(\\("
 305    (mapconcat 'car lao-transcription-vowel-alist "\\|")
 306    "\\)\\("
 307    (mapconcat 'car lao-transcription-maa-sakod-alist "\\|")
 308    "\\)?\\("
 309    (mapconcat (lambda (x) (regexp-quote (car x)))
 310               lao-transcription-tone-alist "\\|")
 311    "\\)?\\)?\\|"
 312    (mapconcat (lambda (x) (regexp-quote (car x)))
 313               lao-transcription-punctuation-alist "\\|")
 314    )
 315   "Regexp of Roman transcription pattern for one Lao syllable.")
 316
 317 (defconst lao-transcription-pattern
 318   (concat
 319    "\\("
 320    (regexp-opt (mapcar 'car lao-transcription-consonant-alist))
 321    "\\)\\("
 322    (regexp-opt (mapcar 'car lao-transcription-semi-vowel-alist))
 323    "\\)?\\(\\("
 324    (regexp-opt (mapcar 'car lao-transcription-vowel-alist))
 325    "\\)\\("
 326    (regexp-opt (mapcar 'car lao-transcription-maa-sakod-alist))
 327    "\\)?\\("
 328    (regexp-opt (mapcar 'car lao-transcription-tone-alist))
 329    "\\)?\\)?\\|"
 330    (regexp-opt (mapcar 'car lao-transcription-punctuation-alist))
 331    )
 332   "Regexp of Roman transcription pattern for one Lao syllable.")
 333
 334 (defconst lao-vowel-reordering-rule
 335   '(("\e(1P\e(B" (0 ?\e(1P\e(B) (0 ?\e(1Q\e(B))
 336     ("\e(1R\e(B" (0 ?\e(1R\e(B))
 337     ("\e(1T\e(B" (0 ?\e(1U\e(B))
 338     ("\e(1U\e(B" (0 ?\e(1U\e(B))
 339     ("\e(1V\e(B" (0 ?\e(1V\e(B))
 340     ("\e(1W\e(B" (0 ?\e(1W\e(B))
 341     ("\e(1X\e(B" (0 ?\e(1X\e(B))
 342     ("\e(1Y\e(B" (0 ?\e(1Y\e(B))
 343     ("\e(1`P\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1P\e(B) (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1Q\e(B))
 344     ("\e(1`\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0))
 345     ("\e(1aP\e(B" (?\e(1a\e(B 0 ?\e(1P\e(B) (?\e(1a\e(B 0 ?\e(1Q\e(B))
 346     ("\e(1a\e(B" (?\e(1a\e(B 0))
 347     ("\e(1bP\e(B" (?\e(1b\e(B 0 ?\e(1P\e(B) (0 ?\e(1[\e(B) (?\e(1-\e(B ?\e(1b\e(B 0 ?\e(1Q\e(B) (?\e(1G\e(B ?\e(1b\e(B 0 ?\e(1Q\e(B))
 348     ("\e(1b\e(B" (?\e(1b\e(B 0))
 349     ("\e(1`RP\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1R\e(B ?\e(1P\e(B) (0 ?\e(1Q\e(B ?\e(1M\e(B))
 350     ("\e(1m\e(B" (0 ?\e(1m\e(B) (0 ?\e(1M\e(B))
 351     ("\e(1`T\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1T\e(B))
 352     ("\e(1`U\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1U\e(B))
 353     ("\e(1[GP\e(B" (0 ?\e(1[\e(B ?\e(1G\e(B ?\e(1P\e(B) (0 ?\e(1Q\e(B ?\e(1G\e(B))
 354     ("\e(1[G\e(B" (0 ?\e(1[\e(B ?\e(1G\e(B) (0 ?\e(1G\e(B))
 355     ("\e(1`Q]P\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1Q\e(B ?\e(1]\e(B ?\e(1P\e(B) (0 ?\e(1Q\e(B ?\e(1]\e(B))
 356     ("\e(1`Q]\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1Q\e(B ?\e(1]\e(B) (0 ?\e(1]\e(B))
 357     ("\e(1`VM\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1V\e(B ?\e(1M\e(B))
 358     ("\e(1`WM\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1W\e(B ?\e(1M\e(B))
 359     ("\e(1d\e(B" (?\e(1d\e(B 0))
 360     ("\e(1c\e(B" (?\e(1c\e(B 0))
 361     ("\e(1`[R\e(B" (?\e(1`\e(B 0 ?\e(1[\e(B ?\e(1R\e(B))
 362     ("\e(1S\e(B" (0 ?\e(1S\e(B)))
 363   "Alist of Lao vowel string vs the corresponding re-ordering rule.
 364 Each element has this form:
 365         (VOWEL NO-MAA-SAKOD-RULE WITH-MAA-SAKOD-RULE (MAA-SAKOD-0 RULE-0) ...)
 366
 367 VOWEL is a vowel string (e.g. \"\e(1`Q]P\e(B\").
 368
 369 NO-MAA-SAKOD-RULE is a rule to re-order and modify VOWEL following a
 370 consonant.  It is a list vowel characters or 0.  The element 0
 371 indicate the place to embed a consonant.
 372
 373 Optional WITH-MAA-SAKOD-RULE is a rule to re-order and modify VOWEL
 374 following a consonant and preceding a maa-sakod character.  If it is
 375 nil, NO-MAA-SAKOD-RULE is used.  The maa-sakod character is always
 376 appended at the tail.
 377
 378 For instance, rule `(\"\e(1`WM\e(B\" (?\e(1`\e(B t ?\e(1W\e(B ?\e(1M\e(B))' tells that this vowel
 379 string following a consonant `\e(1!\e(B' should be re-ordered as \"\e(1`!WM\e(B\".
 380
 381 Optional (MAA-SAKOD-n RULE-n) are rules specially applied to maa-sakod
 382 character MAA-SAKOD-n.")
 383
 384 ;;;###autoload
 385 (defun lao-transcribe-single-roman-syllable-to-lao (from to &optional str)
 386   "Transcribe a Romanized Lao syllable in the region FROM and TO to Lao string.
 387 Only the first syllable is transcribed.
 388 The value has the form: (START END LAO-STRING), where
 389 START and END are the beginning and end positions of the Roman Lao syllable,
 390 LAO-STRING is the Lao character transcription of it.
 391
 392 Optional 3rd arg STR, if non-nil, is a string to search for Roman Lao
 393 syllable.  In that case, FROM and TO are indexes to STR."
 394   (if str
 395       (if (setq from (string-match lao-transcription-pattern str from))
 396           (progn
 397             (if (>= from to)
 398                 (setq from nil)
 399               (setq to (match-end 0)))))
 400     (save-excursion
 401       (goto-char from)
 402       (if (setq to (re-search-forward lao-transcription-pattern to t))
 403           (setq from (match-beginning 0))
 404         (setq from nil))))
 405   (if from
 406       (let* ((consonant (match-string 1 str))
 407              (semivowel (match-string 3 str))
 408              (vowel (match-string 5 str))
 409              (maa-sakod (match-string 8 str))
 410              (tone (match-string 9 str))
 411              lao-consonant lao-semivowel lao-vowel lao-maa-sakod lao-tone
 412              clen cidx)
 413         (setq to (match-end 0))
 414         (if (not consonant)
 415             (setq str (cdr (assoc (match-string 0 str)
 416                                   lao-transcription-punctuation-alist)))
 417           (setq lao-consonant
 418                 (cdr (assoc consonant lao-transcription-consonant-alist)))
 419           (if (vectorp lao-consonant)
 420               (setq lao-consonant (aref lao-consonant 0)))
 421           (setq clen (length lao-consonant))
 422           (if semivowel
 423               ;; Include semivowel in STR.
 424               (setq lao-semivowel
 425                     (cdr (assoc semivowel lao-transcription-semi-vowel-alist))
 426                     str (if (= clen 1)
 427                             (concat lao-consonant lao-semivowel)
 428                           (concat (substring lao-consonant 0 1) lao-semivowel
 429                                   (substring lao-consonant 1))))
 430             (setq str lao-consonant))
 431           (if vowel
 432               (let (rule)
 433                 (setq lao-vowel
 434                       (cdr (assoc vowel lao-transcription-vowel-alist)))
 435                 (if (vectorp lao-vowel)
 436                     (setq lao-vowel (aref lao-vowel 0)))
 437                 (setq rule (assoc lao-vowel lao-vowel-reordering-rule))
 438                 (if (null maa-sakod)
 439                     (setq rule (nth 1 rule))
 440                   (setq lao-maa-sakod
 441                         (cdr (assoc maa-sakod lao-transcription-maa-sakod-alist))
 442                         rule
 443                         (or (cdr (assq (aref lao-maa-sakod 0) (nthcdr 2 rule)))
 444                             (nth 2 rule)
 445                             (nth 1 rule))))
 446                 (or rule
 447                     (error "Lao vowel %S has no re-ordering rule" lao-vowel))
 448                 (setq lao-consonant str str "")
 449                 (while rule
 450                   (if (= (car rule) 0)
 451                       (setq str (concat str lao-consonant)
 452                             cidx (length str))
 453                     (setq str (concat str (list (car rule)))))
 454                   (setq rule (cdr rule)))
 455                 (or cidx
 456                     (error "Lao vowel %S has malformed re-ordering rule" vowel))
 457                 ;; Set CIDX to after upper or lower vowel if any.
 458                 (let ((len (length str)))
 459                   (while (and (< cidx len)
 460                               (memq (get-char-code-property (aref str cidx)
 461                                                             'phonetic-type)
 462                                     '(vowel-lower vowel-upper)))
 463                     (setq cidx (1+ cidx))))
 464                 (if lao-maa-sakod
 465                     (setq str (concat str lao-maa-sakod)))
 466                 (if tone
 467                     (setq lao-tone
 468                           (cdr (assoc tone lao-transcription-tone-alist))
 469                           str (concat (substring str 0 cidx) lao-tone
 470                                       (substring str cidx)))))))
 471         (list from to (lao-compose-string str)))))
 472
 473 ;;;###autoload
 474 (defun lao-transcribe-roman-to-lao-string (str)
 475   "Transcribe Romanized Lao string STR to Lao character string."
 476   (let ((from 0)
 477         (to (length str))
 478         (lao-str "")
 479         val)
 480     (while (setq val (lao-transcribe-single-roman-syllable-to-lao from to str))
 481       (let ((start (car val))
 482             (end (nth 1 val))
 483             (lao (nth 2 val)))
 484         (if (> start from)
 485             (setq lao-str (concat lao-str (substring str from start) lao))
 486           (setq lao-str (concat lao-str lao)))
 487         (setq from end)))
 488     (if (< from to)
 489         (concat lao-str (substring str from to))
 490       lao-str)))
 491
 492 ;;;###autoload
 493 (defun lao-composition-function (gstring)
 494   (if (= (lgstring-char-len gstring) 1)
 495       (compose-gstring-for-graphic gstring)
 496     (or (font-shape-gstring gstring)
 497         (let ((glyph-len (lgstring-glyph-len gstring))
 498               (i 0)
 499               glyph)
 500           (while (and (< i glyph-len)
 501                       (setq glyph (lgstring-glyph gstring i)))
 502             (setq i (1+ i)))
 503           (compose-glyph-string-relative gstring 0 i 0.1)))))
 504
 505 ;;;###autoload
 506 (defun lao-compose-region (from to)
 507   (interactive "r")
 508   (save-restriction
 509     (narrow-to-region from to)
 510     (goto-char (point-min))
 511     (with-category-table lao-category-table
 512       (while (re-search-forward lao-composition-pattern nil t)
 513         (compose-region (match-beginning 0) (point))))))
 514
 515 ;;
 516 (provide 'lao-util)
 517
 518 ;;; lao-util.el ends here