; Spelling fixes

[emacs.git] / test / lisp / net / tramp-tests.el

;;; tramp-tests.el --- Tests of remote file access

;; Copyright (C) 2013-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Michael Albinus <michael.albinus@gmx.de>

;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
;; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
;; published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
;; License, or (at your option) any later version.
;;
;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
;; General Public License for more details.
;;
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program.  If not, see `http://www.gnu.org/licenses/'.

;;; Commentary:

;; The tests require a recent ert.el from Emacs 24.4.

;; Some of the tests require access to a remote host files.  Since
;; this could be problematic, a mock-up connection method "mock" is
;; used.  Emulating a remote connection, it simply calls "sh -i".
;; Tramp's file name handlers still run, so this test is sufficient
;; except for connection establishing.

;; If you want to test a real Tramp connection, set
;; $REMOTE_TEMPORARY_FILE_DIRECTORY to a suitable value in order to
;; overwrite the default value.  If you want to skip tests accessing a
;; remote host, set this environment variable to "/dev/null" or
;; whatever is appropriate on your system.

;; A whole test run can be performed calling the command `tramp-test-all'.

;;; Code:

(require 'ert)
(require 'tramp)
(require 'vc)
(require 'vc-bzr)
(require 'vc-git)
(require 'vc-hg)

(autoload 'dired-uncache "dired")
(declare-function tramp-find-executable "tramp-sh")
(declare-function tramp-get-remote-path "tramp-sh")
(declare-function tramp-get-remote-stat "tramp-sh")
(declare-function tramp-get-remote-perl "tramp-sh")
(defvar tramp-copy-size-limit)
(defvar tramp-persistency-file-name)
(defvar tramp-remote-process-environment)

;; There is no default value on w32 systems, which could work out of the box.
(defconst tramp-test-temporary-file-directory
  (cond
   ((getenv "REMOTE_TEMPORARY_FILE_DIRECTORY"))
   ((eq system-type 'windows-nt) null-device)
   (t (add-to-list
       'tramp-methods
       '("mock"
         (tramp-login-program        "sh")
         (tramp-login-args           (("-i")))
         (tramp-remote-shell         "/bin/sh")
         (tramp-remote-shell-args    ("-c"))
         (tramp-connection-timeout   10)))
      (format "/mock::%s" temporary-file-directory)))
  "Temporary directory for Tramp tests.")

(setq password-cache-expiry nil
      tramp-verbose 0
      tramp-copy-size-limit nil
      tramp-message-show-message nil
      tramp-persistency-file-name nil)

;; This shall happen on hydra only.
(when (getenv "NIX_STORE")
  (add-to-list 'tramp-remote-path 'tramp-own-remote-path))

(defvar tramp--test-expensive-test
  (null
   (string-equal (getenv "SELECTOR") "(quote (not (tag :expensive-test)))"))
  "Whether expensive tests are run.")

(defvar tramp--test-enabled-checked nil
  "Cached result of `tramp--test-enabled'.
If the function did run, the value is a cons cell, the `cdr'
being the result.")

(defun tramp--test-enabled ()
  "Whether remote file access is enabled."
  (unless (consp tramp--test-enabled-checked)
    (setq
     tramp--test-enabled-checked
     (cons
      t (ignore-errors
          (and
           (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
           (file-directory-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
           (file-writable-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))))))

  (when (cdr tramp--test-enabled-checked)
    ;; Cleanup connection.
    (ignore-errors
      (tramp-cleanup-connection
       (tramp-dissect-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
       nil 'keep-password)))

  ;; Return result.
  (cdr tramp--test-enabled-checked))

(defun tramp--test-make-temp-name (&optional local quoted)
  "Create a temporary file name for test.
If LOCAL is non-nil, a local file is created.
If QUOTED is non-nil, the local part of the file is quoted."
  (funcall
   (if quoted 'tramp-compat-file-name-quote 'identity)
   (expand-file-name
    (make-temp-name "tramp-test")
    (if local temporary-file-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))))

(defmacro tramp--instrument-test-case (verbose &rest body)
  "Run BODY with `tramp-verbose' equal VERBOSE.
Print the the content of the Tramp debug buffer, if BODY does not
eval properly in `should' or `should-not'.  `should-error' is not
handled properly.  BODY shall not contain a timeout."
  (declare (indent 1) (debug (natnump body)))
  `(let ((tramp-verbose ,verbose)
         (tramp-debug-on-error t)
         (debug-ignored-errors
          (cons "^make-symbolic-link not supported$" debug-ignored-errors)))
     (unwind-protect
         (progn ,@body)
       (when (> tramp-verbose 3)
         (with-parsed-tramp-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory nil
           (with-current-buffer (tramp-get-connection-buffer v)
             (message "%s" (buffer-string)))
           (with-current-buffer (tramp-get-debug-buffer v)
             (message "%s" (buffer-string))))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test00-availability ()
  "Test availability of Tramp functions."
  :expected-result (if (tramp--test-enabled) :passed :failed)
  (message "Remote directory: `%s'" tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
  (should (ignore-errors
            (and
             (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
             (file-directory-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
             (file-writable-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test01-file-name-syntax ()
  "Check remote file name syntax."
  ;; Simple cases.
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method::"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/host:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/user@:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/user@host:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:host:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:user@:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:user@host:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:user@email@host:"))

  ;; Using a port.
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/host#1234:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/user@host#1234:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:host#1234:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:user@host#1234:"))

  ;; Using an IPv4 address.
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/1.2.3.4:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/user@1.2.3.4:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:1.2.3.4:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:user@1.2.3.4:"))

  ;; Using an IPv6 address.
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/[]:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/[::1]:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/user@[::1]:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:[::1]:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:user@[::1]:"))

  ;; Local file name part.
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/host:/:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method:::"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method::/:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method::/path/to/file"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method::/:/path/to/file"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method::file"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method::/:file"))

  ;; Multihop.
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method1:|method2::"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method1:host1|host2:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method1:host1|method2:host2:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p
           "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2|method3:user3@host3:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/host1|host2:"))
  (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/user1@host1|user2@host2:"))

  ;; No strings.
  (should-not (tramp-tramp-file-p nil))
  (should-not (tramp-tramp-file-p 'symbol))
  ;; Quote with "/:" suppresses file name handlers.
  (should-not (tramp-tramp-file-p "/::"))
  (should-not (tramp-tramp-file-p "/:@:"))
  (should-not (tramp-tramp-file-p "/:[]:"))
  ;; Methods or host names shall be at least two characters on MS Windows.
  (let ((system-type 'windows-nt))
    (should-not (tramp-tramp-file-p "/c:/path/to/file"))
    (should-not (tramp-tramp-file-p "/c::/path/to/file")))
  (let ((system-type 'gnu/linux))
    (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/h:/path/to/file"))
    (should (tramp-tramp-file-p "/m::/path/to/file"))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test02-file-name-dissect ()
  "Check remote file name components."
  (let ((tramp-default-method "default-method")
        (tramp-default-user "default-user")
        (tramp-default-host "default-host"))
    ;; Expand `tramp-default-user' and `tramp-default-host'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method::")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "default-user" "default-host")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method::" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method::" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method::" 'host) "default-host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method::" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method::" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method' and `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/host:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "default-user" "host")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host:" 'host) "host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method' and `tramp-default-host'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method""user" "default-host")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@:" 'host) "default-host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@host:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "user" "host")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@host:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host:" 'host) "host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:host:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "default-user" "host")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:host:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:host:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:host:" 'host) "host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:host:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:host:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-host'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "user" "default-host")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@:" 'host)
                          "default-host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; No expansion.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "user" "host")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@host:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@host:" 'host) "host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@host:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@host:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; No expansion.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@email@host:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "user@email" "host")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@email@host:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@email@host:" 'user) "user@email"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@email@host:" 'host) "host"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@email@host:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@email@host:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method' and `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/host#1234:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "default-user" "host#1234")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/host#1234:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host#1234:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host#1234:" 'host) "host#1234"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host#1234:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host#1234:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@host#1234:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "user" "host#1234")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@host#1234:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host#1234:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host#1234:" 'host) "host#1234"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host#1234:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@host#1234:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:host#1234:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "default-user" "host#1234")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:host#1234:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:host#1234:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:host#1234:" 'host) "host#1234"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:host#1234:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:host#1234:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; No expansion.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host#1234:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "user" "host#1234")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host#1234:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host#1234:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host#1234:" 'host) "host#1234"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host#1234:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@host#1234:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method' and `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/1.2.3.4:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "default-user" "1.2.3.4")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/1.2.3.4:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/1.2.3.4:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/1.2.3.4:" 'host) "1.2.3.4"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/1.2.3.4:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/1.2.3.4:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@1.2.3.4:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "user" "1.2.3.4")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@1.2.3.4:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@1.2.3.4:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@1.2.3.4:" 'host) "1.2.3.4"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@1.2.3.4:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@1.2.3.4:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:1.2.3.4:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "default-user" "1.2.3.4")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:1.2.3.4:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:1.2.3.4:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:1.2.3.4:" 'host) "1.2.3.4"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:1.2.3.4:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:1.2.3.4:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; No expansion.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@1.2.3.4:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "user" "1.2.3.4")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@1.2.3.4:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@1.2.3.4:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@1.2.3.4:" 'host) "1.2.3.4"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@1.2.3.4:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@1.2.3.4:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method', `tramp-default-user' and
    ;; `tramp-default-host'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/[]:")
             (format
              "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "default-user" "default-host")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'host) "default-host"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method' and `tramp-default-user'.
    (let ((tramp-default-host "::1"))
      (should (string-equal
               (file-remote-p "/[]:")
               (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "default-user" "[::1]")))
      (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'method) "default-method"))
      (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'user) "default-user"))
      (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'host) "::1"))
      (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'localname) ""))
      (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[]:" 'hop) nil)))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method' and `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/[::1]:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "default-user" "[::1]")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[::1]:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[::1]:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[::1]:" 'host) "::1"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[::1]:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/[::1]:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-method'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@[::1]:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "default-method" "user" "[::1]")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/user@[::1]:" 'method) "default-method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@[::1]:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@[::1]:" 'host) "::1"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@[::1]:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user@[::1]:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Expand `tramp-default-user'.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:[::1]:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "default-user" "[::1]")))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:[::1]:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:[::1]:" 'user) "default-user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:[::1]:" 'host) "::1"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:[::1]:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:[::1]:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; No expansion.
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@[::1]:")
             (format "/%s:%s@%s:" "method" "user" "[::1]")))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@[::1]:" 'method) "method"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@[::1]:" 'user) "user"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@[::1]:" 'host) "::1"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method:user@[::1]:" 'localname) ""))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:user@[::1]:" 'hop) nil))

    ;; Local file name part.
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/host:/:" 'localname) "/:"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:::" 'localname) ":"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method:: " 'localname) " "))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/method::file" 'localname) "file"))
    (should (string-equal
             (file-remote-p "/method::/path/to/file" 'localname)
             "/path/to/file"))

    ;; Multihop.
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2:/path/to/file")
      (format "/%s:%s@%s|%s:%s@%s:"
              "method1" "user1" "host1" "method2" "user2" "host2")))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2:/path/to/file" 'method)
      "method2"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2:/path/to/file" 'user)
      "user2"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2:/path/to/file" 'host)
      "host2"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2:/path/to/file" 'localname)
      "/path/to/file"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       "/method1:user1@host1|method2:user2@host2:/path/to/file" 'hop)
      (format "%s:%s@%s|"
              "method1" "user1" "host1")))

    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       (concat
        "/method1:user1@host1"
        "|method2:user2@host2"
        "|method3:user3@host3:/path/to/file"))
      (format "/%s:%s@%s|%s:%s@%s|%s:%s@%s:"
              "method1" "user1" "host1"
              "method2" "user2" "host2"
              "method3" "user3" "host3")))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       (concat
        "/method1:user1@host1"
        "|method2:user2@host2"
        "|method3:user3@host3:/path/to/file")
       'method)
      "method3"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       (concat
        "/method1:user1@host1"
        "|method2:user2@host2"
        "|method3:user3@host3:/path/to/file")
       'user)
      "user3"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       (concat
        "/method1:user1@host1"
        "|method2:user2@host2"
        "|method3:user3@host3:/path/to/file")
       'host)
      "host3"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       (concat
        "/method1:user1@host1"
        "|method2:user2@host2"
        "|method3:user3@host3:/path/to/file")
       'localname)
      "/path/to/file"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p
       (concat
        "/method1:user1@host1"
        "|method2:user2@host2"
        "|method3:user3@host3:/path/to/file")
       'hop)
      (format "%s:%s@%s|%s:%s@%s|"
              "method1" "user1" "host1" "method2" "user2" "host2")))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test03-file-name-defaults ()
  "Check default values for some methods."
  ;; Default values in tramp-adb.el.
  (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/adb::" 'host) ""))
  ;; Default values in tramp-ftp.el.
  (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/ftp.host:" 'method) "ftp"))
  (dolist (u '("ftp" "anonymous"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p (format "/%s@:" u) 'method) "ftp")))
  ;; Default values in tramp-gvfs.el.
  (when (and (load "tramp-gvfs" 'noerror 'nomessage)
             (symbol-value 'tramp-gvfs-enabled))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/synce::" 'user) nil)))
  ;; Default values in tramp-sh.el.
  (dolist (h `("127.0.0.1" "[::1]" "localhost" "localhost6" ,(system-name)))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p (format "/root@%s:" h) 'method) "su")))
  (dolist (m '("su" "sudo" "ksu"))
    (should (string-equal (file-remote-p (format "/%s::" m) 'user) "root")))
  (dolist (m '("rcp" "remcp" "rsh" "telnet" "krlogin" "fcp"))
    (should
     (string-equal (file-remote-p (format "/%s::" m) 'user) (user-login-name))))
  ;; Default values in tramp-smb.el.
  (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/user%domain@host:" 'method) "smb"))
  (should (string-equal (file-remote-p "/smb::" 'user) nil)))

(ert-deftest tramp-test04-substitute-in-file-name ()
  "Check `substitute-in-file-name'."
  (should (string-equal (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host://foo") "/foo"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/path//foo") "/method:host:/foo"))
  (should
   (string-equal (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/path///foo") "/foo"))
  ;; Quoting local part.
  (should
   (string-equal
    (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/://foo") "/method:host:/://foo"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/:/path//foo")
    "/method:host:/:/path//foo"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/:/path///foo")
    "/method:host:/:/path///foo"))

  (should
   (string-equal
    (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/path/~/foo") "/method:host:~/foo"))
  (should
   (string-equal (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/path//~/foo") "~/foo"))
  ;; Quoting local part.
  (should
   (string-equal
    (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/:/path/~/foo")
    "/method:host:/:/path/~/foo"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/:/path//~/foo")
    "/method:host:/:/path//~/foo"))

  (let (process-environment)
    (should
     (string-equal
      (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/path/$FOO")
      "/method:host:/path/$FOO"))
    (setenv "FOO" "bla")
    (should
     (string-equal
      (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/path/$FOO")
      "/method:host:/path/bla"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/path/$$FOO")
      "/method:host:/path/$FOO"))
    ;; Quoting local part.
    (should
     (string-equal
      (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/:/path/$FOO")
      "/method:host:/:/path/$FOO"))
    (setenv "FOO" "bla")
    (should
     (string-equal
      (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/:/path/$FOO")
      "/method:host:/:/path/$FOO"))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (substitute-in-file-name "/method:host:/:/path/$$FOO")
      "/method:host:/:/path/$$FOO"))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test05-expand-file-name ()
  "Check `expand-file-name'."
  (should
   (string-equal
    (expand-file-name "/method:host:/path/./file") "/method:host:/path/file"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (expand-file-name "/method:host:/path/../file") "/method:host:/file"))
  ;; Quoting local part.
  (should
   (string-equal
    (expand-file-name "/method:host:/:/path/./file")
    "/method:host:/:/path/file"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (expand-file-name "/method:host:/:/path/../file") "/method:host:/:/file"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (expand-file-name "/method:host:/:/~/path/./file")
    "/method:host:/:/~/path/file")))

(ert-deftest tramp-test06-directory-file-name ()
  "Check `directory-file-name'.
This checks also `file-name-as-directory', `file-name-directory',
`file-name-nondirectory' and `unhandled-file-name-directory'."
  (should
   (string-equal
    (directory-file-name "/method:host:/path/to/file")
    "/method:host:/path/to/file"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (directory-file-name "/method:host:/path/to/file/")
    "/method:host:/path/to/file"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (file-name-as-directory "/method:host:/path/to/file")
    "/method:host:/path/to/file/"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (file-name-as-directory "/method:host:/path/to/file/")
    "/method:host:/path/to/file/"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (file-name-directory "/method:host:/path/to/file")
    "/method:host:/path/to/"))
  (should
   (string-equal
    (file-name-directory "/method:host:/path/to/file/")
    "/method:host:/path/to/file/"))
  (should
   (string-equal (file-name-nondirectory "/method:host:/path/to/file") "file"))
  (should
   (string-equal (file-name-nondirectory "/method:host:/path/to/file/") ""))
  (should-not
   (unhandled-file-name-directory "/method:host:/path/to/file"))

  ;; Bug#10085.
  (when (tramp--test-enabled) ;; Packages like tramp-gvfs.el might be disabled.
    (dolist (n-e '(nil t))
      ;; We must clear `tramp-default-method'.  On hydra, it is "ftp",
      ;; which ruins the tests.
      (let ((non-essential n-e)
            tramp-default-method)
        (dolist (file
                 `(,(file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'method)
                   ,(file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'host)))
          (unless (zerop (length file))
            (setq file (format "/%s:" file))
            (should (string-equal (directory-file-name file) file))
            (should
             (string-equal
              (file-name-as-directory file)
              (if (tramp-completion-mode-p) file (concat file "./"))))
            (should (string-equal (file-name-directory file) file))
            (should (string-equal (file-name-nondirectory file) ""))))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test07-file-exists-p ()
  "Check `file-exist-p', `write-region' and `delete-file'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name))
      (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
      (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
      (delete-file tmp-name)
      (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name)))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test08-file-local-copy ()
  "Check `file-local-copy'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          tmp-name2)
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should (setq tmp-name2 (file-local-copy tmp-name1)))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name2)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            ;; Check also that a file transfer with compression works.
            (let ((default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
                  (tramp-copy-size-limit 4)
                  (tramp-inline-compress-start-size 2))
              (delete-file tmp-name2)
              (should (setq tmp-name2 (file-local-copy tmp-name1)))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-file tmp-name1)
          (delete-file tmp-name2))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test09-insert-file-contents ()
  "Check `insert-file-contents'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo"))
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foofoo"))
              ;; Insert partly.
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name nil 1 3)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "oofoofoo"))
              ;; Replace.
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name nil nil nil 'replace)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo"))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test10-write-region ()
  "Check `write-region'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert "foo")
              (write-region nil nil tmp-name))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            ;; Append.
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert "bla")
              (write-region nil nil tmp-name 'append))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foobla")))
            ;; Write string.
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            ;; Write partly.
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert "123456789")
              (write-region 3 5 tmp-name))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "34"))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test11-copy-file ()
  "Check `copy-file'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name3 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name4 (tramp--test-make-temp-name 'local quoted))
          (tmp-name5 (tramp--test-make-temp-name 'local quoted)))

      ;; Copy on remote side.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name2))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name2)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            (should-error (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2))
            (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2 'ok)
            (make-directory tmp-name3)
            (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name3)
            (should
             (file-exists-p
              (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name1) tmp-name3))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name2))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name3 'recursive)))

      ;; Copy from remote side to local side.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name4)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name4))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name4)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            (should-error (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name4))
            (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name4 'ok)
            (make-directory tmp-name5)
            (copy-file tmp-name1 tmp-name5)
            (should
             (file-exists-p
              (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name1) tmp-name5))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name4))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name5 'recursive)))

      ;; Copy from local side to remote side.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name4 nil 'nomessage)
            (copy-file tmp-name4 tmp-name1)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name1)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            (should-error (copy-file tmp-name4 tmp-name1))
            (copy-file tmp-name4 tmp-name1 'ok)
            (make-directory tmp-name3)
            (copy-file tmp-name4 tmp-name3)
            (should
             (file-exists-p
              (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name4) tmp-name3))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name4))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name3 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test12-rename-file ()
  "Check `rename-file'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name3 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name4 (tramp--test-make-temp-name 'local quoted))
          (tmp-name5 (tramp--test-make-temp-name 'local quoted)))

      ;; Rename on remote side.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name2))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name2)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should-error (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2))
            (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2 'ok)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (make-directory tmp-name3)
            (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name3)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (should
             (file-exists-p
              (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name1) tmp-name3))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name2))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name3 'recursive)))

      ;; Rename from remote side to local side.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name4)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name4))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name4)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should-error (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name4))
            (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name4 'ok)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (make-directory tmp-name5)
            (rename-file tmp-name1 tmp-name5)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (should
             (file-exists-p
              (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name1) tmp-name5))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name4))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name5 'recursive)))

      ;; Rename from local side to remote side.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name4 nil 'nomessage)
            (rename-file tmp-name4 tmp-name1)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name4))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name1)
              (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name4 nil 'nomessage)
            (should-error (rename-file tmp-name4 tmp-name1))
            (rename-file tmp-name4 tmp-name1 'ok)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name4))
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name4 nil 'nomessage)
            (make-directory tmp-name3)
            (rename-file tmp-name4 tmp-name3)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name4))
            (should
             (file-exists-p
              (expand-file-name (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name4) tmp-name3))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name4))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name3 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test13-make-directory ()
  "Check `make-directory'.
This tests also `file-directory-p' and `file-accessible-directory-p'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let* ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (expand-file-name "foo/bar" tmp-name1)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-accessible-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (should-error (make-directory tmp-name2))
            (make-directory tmp-name2 'parents)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name2))
            (should (file-accessible-directory-p tmp-name2)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test14-delete-directory ()
  "Check `delete-directory'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      ;; Delete empty directory.
      (make-directory tmp-name)
      (should (file-directory-p tmp-name))
      (delete-directory tmp-name)
      (should-not (file-directory-p tmp-name))
      ;; Delete non-empty directory.
      (make-directory tmp-name)
      (should (file-directory-p tmp-name))
      (write-region "foo" nil (expand-file-name "bla" tmp-name))
      (should (file-exists-p (expand-file-name "bla" tmp-name)))
      (should-error (delete-directory tmp-name))
      (delete-directory tmp-name 'recursive)
      (should-not (file-directory-p tmp-name)))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test15-copy-directory ()
  "Check `copy-directory'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let* ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name3 (expand-file-name
                       (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name1) tmp-name2))
           (tmp-name4 (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name1))
           (tmp-name5 (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name2))
           (tmp-name6 (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name3)))

      ;; Copy complete directory.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            ;; Copy empty directory.
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name4)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name4))
            (copy-directory tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name2))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name5))
            ;; Target directory does exist already.
            (copy-directory tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name3))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name6)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive)
          (delete-directory tmp-name2 'recursive)))

      ;; Copy directory contents.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            ;; Copy empty directory.
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name4)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name4))
            (copy-directory tmp-name1 tmp-name2 nil 'parents 'contents)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name2))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name5))
            ;; Target directory does exist already.
            (delete-file tmp-name5)
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name5))
            (copy-directory tmp-name1 tmp-name2 nil 'parents 'contents)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name2))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name5))
            (should-not (file-directory-p tmp-name3))
            (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-name6)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive)
          (delete-directory tmp-name2 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test16-directory-files ()
  "Check `directory-files'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let* ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (expand-file-name "bla" tmp-name1))
           (tmp-name3 (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name1)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name2)
            (write-region "bla" nil tmp-name3)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name2))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name3))
            (should (equal (directory-files tmp-name1) '("." ".." "bla" "foo")))
            (should (equal (directory-files tmp-name1 'full)
                           `(,(concat tmp-name1 "/.")
                             ,(concat tmp-name1 "/..")
                             ,tmp-name2 ,tmp-name3)))
            (should (equal (directory-files
                            tmp-name1 nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)
                           '("bla" "foo")))
            (should (equal (directory-files
                            tmp-name1 'full directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)
                           `(,tmp-name2 ,tmp-name3))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test17-insert-directory ()
  "Check `insert-directory'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let* ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name1))
           ;; We test for the summary line.  Keyword "total" could be localized.
           (process-environment
            (append '("LANG=C" "LANGUAGE=C" "LC_ALL=C") process-environment)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name2)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name2))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-directory tmp-name1 nil)
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (should (looking-at-p (regexp-quote tmp-name1))))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-directory tmp-name1 "-al")
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (should
               (looking-at-p (format "^.+ %s$" (regexp-quote tmp-name1)))))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-directory (file-name-as-directory tmp-name1) "-al")
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (should
               (looking-at-p (format "^.+ %s/$" (regexp-quote tmp-name1)))))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-directory
               (file-name-as-directory tmp-name1) "-al" nil 'full-directory-p)
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (should
               (looking-at-p
                (concat
                 ;; There might be a summary line.
                 "\\(total.+[[:digit:]]+\n\\)?"
                 ;; We don't know in which order ".", ".." and "foo" appear.
                 "\\(.+ \\(\\.?\\.\\|foo\\)\n\\)\\{3\\}")))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test18-file-attributes ()
  "Check `file-attributes'.
This tests also `file-readable-p', `file-regular-p' and
`file-ownership-preserved-p'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    ;; We must use `file-truename' for the temporary directory,
    ;; because it could be located on a symlinked directory.  This
    ;; would let the test fail.
    (let* ((tramp-test-temporary-file-directory
            (file-truename tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
           (tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           ;; File name with "//".
           (tmp-name3
            (format
             "%s%s"
             (file-remote-p tmp-name1)
             (replace-regexp-in-string
              "/" "//" (file-remote-p tmp-name1 'localname))))
           attr)
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            ;; `file-ownership-preserved-p' should return t for
            ;; non-existing files.  It is implemented only in tramp-sh.el.
            (when (tramp--test-sh-p)
              (should (file-ownership-preserved-p tmp-name1 'group)))
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-readable-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-regular-p tmp-name1))
            (when (tramp--test-sh-p)
              (should (file-ownership-preserved-p tmp-name1 'group)))

            ;; We do not test inodes and device numbers.
            (setq attr (file-attributes tmp-name1))
            (should (consp attr))
            (should (null (car attr)))
            (should (numberp (nth 1 attr))) ;; Link.
            (should (numberp (nth 2 attr))) ;; Uid.
            (should (numberp (nth 3 attr))) ;; Gid.
            ;; Last access time.
            (should (stringp (current-time-string (nth 4 attr))))
            ;; Last modification time.
            (should (stringp (current-time-string (nth 5 attr))))
            ;; Last status change time.
            (should (stringp (current-time-string (nth 6 attr))))
            (should (numberp (nth 7 attr))) ;; Size.
            (should (stringp (nth 8 attr))) ;; Modes.

            (setq attr (file-attributes tmp-name1 'string))
            (should (stringp (nth 2 attr))) ;; Uid.
            (should (stringp (nth 3 attr))) ;; Gid.

            (condition-case err
                (progn
                  (when (tramp--test-sh-p)
                    (should (file-ownership-preserved-p tmp-name2 'group)))
                  (make-symbolic-link tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
                  (should (file-exists-p tmp-name2))
                  (should (file-symlink-p tmp-name2))
                  (when (tramp--test-sh-p)
                    (should (file-ownership-preserved-p tmp-name2 'group)))
                  (setq attr (file-attributes tmp-name2))
                  (should
                   (string-equal
                    (funcall
                     (if quoted 'tramp-compat-file-name-quote 'identity)
                     (car attr))
                    (file-remote-p (file-truename tmp-name1) 'localname)))
                  (delete-file tmp-name2))
              (file-error
               (should (string-equal (error-message-string err)
                                     "make-symbolic-link not supported"))))

            ;; Check, that "//" in symlinks are handled properly.
            (with-temp-buffer
              (let ((default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
                (shell-command
                 (format
                  "ln -s %s %s"
                  (tramp-file-name-localname
                   (tramp-dissect-file-name tmp-name3))
                  (tramp-file-name-localname
                   (tramp-dissect-file-name tmp-name2)))
                 t)))
            (when (file-symlink-p tmp-name2)
              (setq attr (file-attributes tmp-name2))
              (should
               (string-equal
                (car attr)
                (tramp-file-name-localname
                 (tramp-dissect-file-name tmp-name3))))
              (delete-file tmp-name2))

            (when (tramp--test-sh-p)
              (should (file-ownership-preserved-p tmp-name1 'group)))
            (delete-file tmp-name1)
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-readable-p tmp-name1))
            (should-not (file-regular-p tmp-name1))
            (when (tramp--test-sh-p)
              (should (file-ownership-preserved-p tmp-name1 'group)))
            (setq attr (file-attributes tmp-name1))
            (should (eq (car attr) t)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name2))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test19-directory-files-and-attributes ()
  "Check `directory-files-and-attributes'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    ;; `directory-files-and-attributes' contains also values for
    ;; "../".  Ensure that this doesn't change during tests, for
    ;; example due to handling temporary files.
    (let* ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (expand-file-name "bla" tmp-name1))
           attr)
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (make-directory tmp-name2)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name2))
            (write-region "foo" nil (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name2))
            (write-region "bar" nil (expand-file-name "bar" tmp-name2))
            (write-region "boz" nil (expand-file-name "boz" tmp-name2))
            (setq attr (directory-files-and-attributes tmp-name2))
            (should (consp attr))
            ;; Dumb remote shells without perl(1) or stat(1) are not
            ;; able to return the date correctly.  They say "don't know".
            (dolist (elt attr)
              (unless
                  (equal
                   (nth
                    5 (file-attributes (expand-file-name (car elt) tmp-name2)))
                   '(0 0))
                (should
                 (equal (file-attributes (expand-file-name (car elt) tmp-name2))
                        (cdr elt)))))
            (setq attr (directory-files-and-attributes tmp-name2 'full))
            (dolist (elt attr)
              (unless (equal (nth 5 (file-attributes (car elt))) '(0 0))
                (should
                 (equal (file-attributes (car elt)) (cdr elt)))))
            (setq attr (directory-files-and-attributes tmp-name2 nil "^b"))
            (should (equal (mapcar 'car attr) '("bar" "boz"))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test20-file-modes ()
  "Check `file-modes'.
This tests also `file-executable-p', `file-writable-p' and `set-file-modes'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
            (set-file-modes tmp-name #o777)
            (should (= (file-modes tmp-name) #o777))
            (should (file-executable-p tmp-name))
            (should (file-writable-p tmp-name))
            (set-file-modes tmp-name #o444)
            (should (= (file-modes tmp-name) #o444))
            (should-not (file-executable-p tmp-name))
            ;; A file is always writable for user "root".
            (unless (zerop (nth 2 (file-attributes tmp-name)))
              (should-not (file-writable-p tmp-name))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test21-file-links ()
  "Check `file-symlink-p'.
This tests also `make-symbolic-link', `file-truename' and `add-name-to-file'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    ;; We must use `file-truename' for the temporary directory,
    ;; because it could be located on a symlinked directory.  This
    ;; would let the test fail.
    (let* ((tramp-test-temporary-file-directory
            (file-truename tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
           (tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name3 (tramp--test-make-temp-name 'local quoted)))

      ;; Check `make-symbolic-link'.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            ;; Method "smb" supports `make-symbolic-link' only if the
            ;; remote host has CIFS capabilities.  tramp-adb.el and
            ;; tramp-gvfs.el do not support symbolic links at all.
            (condition-case err
                (make-symbolic-link tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
              (file-error
               (skip-unless
                (not (string-equal (error-message-string err)
                                   "make-symbolic-link not supported")))))
            (should (file-symlink-p tmp-name2))
            (should-error (make-symbolic-link tmp-name1 tmp-name2))
            (make-symbolic-link tmp-name1 tmp-name2 'ok-if-already-exists)
            (should (file-symlink-p tmp-name2))
            ;; `tmp-name3' is a local file name.
            (should-error (make-symbolic-link tmp-name1 tmp-name3)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-file tmp-name1)
          (delete-file tmp-name2)))

      ;; Check `add-name-to-file'.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (add-name-to-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
            (should-not (file-symlink-p tmp-name2))
            (should-error (add-name-to-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2))
            (add-name-to-file tmp-name1 tmp-name2 'ok-if-already-exists)
            (should-not (file-symlink-p tmp-name2))
            ;; `tmp-name3' is a local file name.
            (should-error (add-name-to-file tmp-name1 tmp-name3)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-file tmp-name1)
          (delete-file tmp-name2)))

      ;; Check `file-truename'.
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (make-symbolic-link tmp-name1 tmp-name2)
            (should (file-symlink-p tmp-name2))
            (should-not (string-equal tmp-name2 (file-truename tmp-name2)))
            (should
             (string-equal (file-truename tmp-name1) (file-truename tmp-name2)))
            (should (file-equal-p tmp-name1 tmp-name2)))
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-file tmp-name1)
          (delete-file tmp-name2)))

      ;; `file-truename' shall preserve trailing link of directories.
      (unless (file-symlink-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
        (let* ((dir1 (directory-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
               (dir2 (file-name-as-directory dir1)))
          (should (string-equal (file-truename dir1) (expand-file-name dir1)))
          (should
           (string-equal (file-truename dir2) (expand-file-name dir2))))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test22-file-times ()
  "Check `set-file-times' and `file-newer-than-file-p'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (or (tramp--test-adb-p) (tramp--test-sh-p)))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name3 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name1)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name1))
            (should (consp (nth 5 (file-attributes tmp-name1))))
            ;; '(0 0) means don't know, and will be replaced by
            ;; `current-time'.  Therefore, we use '(0 1).  We skip the
            ;; test, if the remote handler is not able to set the
            ;; correct time.
            (skip-unless (set-file-times tmp-name1 '(0 1)))
            ;; Dumb remote shells without perl(1) or stat(1) are not
            ;; able to return the date correctly.  They say "don't know".
            (unless (equal (nth 5 (file-attributes tmp-name1)) '(0 0))
              (should (equal (nth 5 (file-attributes tmp-name1)) '(0 1)))
              (write-region "bla" nil tmp-name2)
              (should (file-exists-p tmp-name2))
              (should (file-newer-than-file-p tmp-name2 tmp-name1))
              ;; `tmp-name3' does not exist.
              (should (file-newer-than-file-p tmp-name2 tmp-name3))
              (should-not (file-newer-than-file-p tmp-name3 tmp-name1))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-file tmp-name1)
          (delete-file tmp-name2))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test23-visited-file-modtime ()
  "Check `set-visited-file-modtime' and `verify-visited-file-modtime'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (insert-file-contents tmp-name)
              (should (verify-visited-file-modtime))
              (set-visited-file-modtime '(0 1))
              (should (verify-visited-file-modtime))
              (should (equal (visited-file-modtime) '(0 1 0 0)))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test24-file-name-completion ()
  "Check `file-name-completion' and `file-name-all-completions'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (n-e '(nil t))
    (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
      (let ((non-essential n-e)
            (tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
            (method (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'method))
            (host (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'host)))

        (unwind-protect
            (progn
              ;; Method and host name in completion mode.  This kind
              ;; of completion does not work on MS Windows.
              (when (and (tramp-completion-mode-p)
                         (not (memq system-type '(cygwin windows-nt))))
                (unless (zerop (length method))
                  (should
                   (member
                    (format "%s:" method)
                    (file-name-all-completions (substring method 0 1) "/"))))
                (unless (zerop (length host))
                  (let ((tramp-default-method (or method tramp-default-method)))
                    (should
                     (member
                      (format "%s:" host)
                      (file-name-all-completions (substring host 0 1) "/")))))
                (unless (or (zerop (length method)) (zerop (length host)))
                  (should
                   (member
                    (format "%s:" host)
                    (file-name-all-completions
                     (substring host 0 1) (format "/%s:" method))))))

              ;; Local files.
              (make-directory tmp-name)
              (should (file-directory-p tmp-name))
              (write-region "foo" nil (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name))
              (should (file-exists-p (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name)))
              (write-region "bar" nil (expand-file-name "bold" tmp-name))
              (should (file-exists-p (expand-file-name "bold" tmp-name)))
              (make-directory (expand-file-name "boz" tmp-name))
              (should (file-directory-p (expand-file-name "boz" tmp-name)))
              (should (equal (file-name-completion "fo" tmp-name) "foo"))
              (should (equal (file-name-completion "foo" tmp-name) t))
              (should (equal (file-name-completion "b" tmp-name) "bo"))
              (should-not (file-name-completion "a" tmp-name))
              (should
               (equal
                (file-name-completion "b" tmp-name 'file-directory-p) "boz/"))
              (should
               (equal (file-name-all-completions "fo" tmp-name) '("foo")))
              (should
               (equal
                (sort (file-name-all-completions "b" tmp-name) 'string-lessp)
                '("bold" "boz/")))
              (should-not (file-name-all-completions "a" tmp-name))
              ;; `completion-regexp-list' restricts the completion to
              ;; files which match all expressions in this list.
              (let ((completion-regexp-list
                     `(,directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp "b")))
                (should
                 (equal (file-name-completion "" tmp-name) "bo"))
                (should
                 (equal
                  (sort (file-name-all-completions "" tmp-name) 'string-lessp)
                  '("bold" "boz/"))))
              ;; `file-name-completion' ignores file names that end in
              ;; any string in `completion-ignored-extensions'.
              (let ((completion-ignored-extensions '(".ext")))
                (write-region "foo" nil (expand-file-name "foo.ext" tmp-name))
                (should (file-exists-p (expand-file-name "foo.ext" tmp-name)))
                (should (equal (file-name-completion "fo" tmp-name) "foo"))
                (should (equal (file-name-completion "foo" tmp-name) t))
                (should
                 (equal (file-name-completion "foo." tmp-name) "foo.ext"))
                (should (equal (file-name-completion "foo.ext" tmp-name) t))
                ;; `file-name-all-completions' is not affected.
                (should
                 (equal
                  (sort (file-name-all-completions "" tmp-name) 'string-lessp)
                  '("../" "./" "bold" "boz/" "foo" "foo.ext")))))

          ;; Cleanup.
          (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name 'recursive)))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test25-load ()
  "Check `load'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (load tmp-name 'noerror 'nomessage)
            (should-not (featurep 'tramp-test-load))
            (write-region "(provide 'tramp-test-load)" nil tmp-name)
            ;; `load' in lread.c does not pass `must-suffix'.  Why?
            ;;(should-error
            ;; (load tmp-name nil 'nomessage 'nosuffix 'must-suffix))
            (load tmp-name nil 'nomessage 'nosuffix)
            (should (featurep 'tramp-test-load)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (and (featurep 'tramp-test-load) (unload-feature 'tramp-test-load))
          (delete-file tmp-name))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test26-process-file ()
  "Check `process-file'."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (or (tramp--test-adb-p) (tramp--test-sh-p)))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let* ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (fnnd (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))
           (default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
           kill-buffer-query-functions)
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            ;; We cannot use "/bin/true" and "/bin/false"; those paths
            ;; do not exist on hydra.
            (should (zerop (process-file "true")))
            (should-not (zerop (process-file "false")))
            (should-not (zerop (process-file "binary-does-not-exist")))
            (with-temp-buffer
              (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
              (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
              (should (zerop (process-file "ls" nil t nil fnnd)))
              ;; `ls' could produce colorized output.
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (while
                  (re-search-forward tramp-display-escape-sequence-regexp nil t)
                (replace-match "" nil nil))
              (should (string-equal (format "%s\n" fnnd) (buffer-string)))
              (should-not (get-buffer-window (current-buffer) t))

              ;; Second run. The output must be appended.
              (goto-char (point-max))
              (should (zerop (process-file "ls" nil t t fnnd)))
              ;; `ls' could produce colorized output.
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (while
                  (re-search-forward tramp-display-escape-sequence-regexp nil t)
                (replace-match "" nil nil))
              (should
               (string-equal (format "%s\n%s\n" fnnd fnnd) (buffer-string)))
              ;; A non-nil DISPLAY must not raise the buffer.
              (should-not (get-buffer-window (current-buffer) t))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test27-start-file-process ()
  "Check `start-file-process'."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
          (tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          kill-buffer-query-functions proc)
      (unwind-protect
          (with-temp-buffer
            (setq proc (start-file-process "test1" (current-buffer) "cat"))
            (should (processp proc))
            (should (equal (process-status proc) 'run))
            (process-send-string proc "foo")
            (process-send-eof proc)
            ;; Read output.
            (with-timeout (10 (ert-fail "`start-file-process' timed out"))
              (while (< (- (point-max) (point-min)) (length "foo"))
                (accept-process-output proc 0.1)))
            (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-process proc)))

      (unwind-protect
          (with-temp-buffer
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
            (setq proc
                  (start-file-process
                   "test2" (current-buffer)
                   "cat" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name)))
            (should (processp proc))
            ;; Read output.
            (with-timeout (10 (ert-fail "`start-file-process' timed out"))
              (while (< (- (point-max) (point-min)) (length "foo"))
                (accept-process-output proc 0.1)))
            (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors
          (delete-process proc)
          (delete-file tmp-name)))

      (unwind-protect
          (with-temp-buffer
            (setq proc (start-file-process "test3" (current-buffer) "cat"))
            (should (processp proc))
            (should (equal (process-status proc) 'run))
            (set-process-filter
             proc
             (lambda (p s) (with-current-buffer (process-buffer p) (insert s))))
            (process-send-string proc "foo")
            (process-send-eof proc)
            ;; Read output.
            (with-timeout (10 (ert-fail "`start-file-process' timed out"))
              (while (< (- (point-max) (point-min)) (length "foo"))
                (accept-process-output proc 0.1)))
            (should (string-equal (buffer-string) "foo")))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-process proc))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test28-shell-command ()
  "Check `shell-command'."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
          kill-buffer-query-functions)
      (unwind-protect
          (with-temp-buffer
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
            (shell-command
             (format "ls %s" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))
             (current-buffer))
            ;; `ls' could produce colorized output.
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (while
                (re-search-forward tramp-display-escape-sequence-regexp nil t)
              (replace-match "" nil nil))
            (should
             (string-equal
              (format "%s\n" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))
              (buffer-string))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name)))

      (unwind-protect
          (with-temp-buffer
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
            (async-shell-command
             (format "ls %s" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))
             (current-buffer))
            (set-process-sentinel (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)) nil)
            ;; Read output.
            (with-timeout (10 (ert-fail "`async-shell-command' timed out"))
              (while (< (- (point-max) (point-min))
                        (1+ (length (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))))
                (accept-process-output
                 (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)) 0.1)))
            ;; `ls' could produce colorized output.
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (while
                (re-search-forward tramp-display-escape-sequence-regexp nil t)
              (replace-match "" nil nil))
            ;; There might be a nasty "Process *Async Shell* finished" message.
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (forward-line)
            (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
            (should
             (string-equal
              (format "%s\n" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))
              (buffer-string))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name)))

      (unwind-protect
          (with-temp-buffer
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name)
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name))
            (async-shell-command "read line; ls $line" (current-buffer))
            (set-process-sentinel (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)) nil)
            (process-send-string
             (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))
             (format "%s\n" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name)))
            ;; Read output.
            (with-timeout (10 (ert-fail "`async-shell-command' timed out"))
              (while (< (- (point-max) (point-min))
                        (1+ (length (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))))
                (accept-process-output
                 (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)) 0.1)))
            ;; `ls' could produce colorized output.
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (while
                (re-search-forward tramp-display-escape-sequence-regexp nil t)
              (replace-match "" nil nil))
            ;; There might be a nasty "Process *Async Shell* finished" message.
            (goto-char (point-min))
            (forward-line)
            (narrow-to-region (point-min) (point))
            (should
             (string-equal
              (format "%s\n" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name))
              (buffer-string))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name))))))

(defun tramp--test-shell-command-to-string-asynchronously (command)
  "Like `shell-command-to-string', but for asynchronous processes."
  (with-temp-buffer
    (async-shell-command command (current-buffer))
    ;; Suppress nasty messages.
    (set-process-sentinel (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)) nil)
    (with-timeout (10)
      (while (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))
        (accept-process-output (get-buffer-process (current-buffer)) 0.1)))
    (accept-process-output nil 0.1)
    (buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max))))

;; This test is inspired by Bug#23952.
(ert-deftest tramp-test29-environment-variables ()
  "Check that remote processes set / unset environment variables properly."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))

  (dolist (this-shell-command-to-string
           '(;; Synchronously.
             shell-command-to-string
             ;; Asynchronously.
             tramp--test-shell-command-to-string-asynchronously))

    (let ((default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
          (shell-file-name "/bin/sh")
          (envvar (concat "VAR_" (upcase (md5 (current-time-string)))))
          kill-buffer-query-functions)

      (unwind-protect
          ;; Set a value.
          (let ((process-environment
                 (cons (concat envvar "=foo") process-environment)))
            ;; Default value.
            (should
             (string-match
              "foo"
              (funcall
               this-shell-command-to-string
               (format "echo -n ${%s:?bla}" envvar))))))

      (unwind-protect
          ;; Set the empty value.
          (let ((process-environment
                 (cons (concat envvar "=") process-environment)))
            ;; Value is null.
            (should
             (string-match
              "bla"
              (funcall
               this-shell-command-to-string
               (format "echo -n ${%s:?bla}" envvar))))
            ;; Variable is set.
            (should
             (string-match
              (regexp-quote envvar)
              (funcall this-shell-command-to-string "set")))))

      ;; We force a reconnect, in order to have a clean environment.
      (tramp-cleanup-connection
       (tramp-dissect-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
       'keep-debug 'keep-password)
      (unwind-protect
          ;; Unset the variable.
          (let ((tramp-remote-process-environment
                 (cons (concat envvar "=foo")
                       tramp-remote-process-environment)))
            ;; Set the initial value, we want to unset below.
            (should
             (string-match
              "foo"
              (funcall
               this-shell-command-to-string
               (format "echo -n ${%s:?bla}" envvar))))
            (let ((process-environment
                   (cons envvar process-environment)))
              ;; Variable is unset.
              (should
               (string-match
                "bla"
                (funcall
                 this-shell-command-to-string
                 (format "echo -n ${%s:?bla}" envvar))))
              ;; Variable is unset.
              (should-not
               (string-match
                (regexp-quote envvar)
                (funcall this-shell-command-to-string "set")))))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test30-vc-registered ()
  "Check `vc-registered'."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let* ((default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
           (tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (expand-file-name "foo" tmp-name1))
           (tramp-remote-process-environment tramp-remote-process-environment)
           (vc-handled-backends
            (with-parsed-tramp-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory nil
              (cond
               ((tramp-find-executable
                 v vc-git-program (tramp-get-remote-path v))
                '(Git))
               ((tramp-find-executable
                 v vc-hg-program (tramp-get-remote-path v))
                '(Hg))
               ((tramp-find-executable
                 v vc-bzr-program (tramp-get-remote-path v))
                (setq tramp-remote-process-environment
                      (cons (format "BZR_HOME=%s"
                                    (file-remote-p tmp-name1 'localname))
                            tramp-remote-process-environment))
                ;; We must force a reconnect, in order to activate $BZR_HOME.
                (tramp-cleanup-connection
                 (tramp-dissect-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
                 nil 'keep-password)
                '(Bzr))
               (t nil)))))
      (skip-unless vc-handled-backends)
      (message "%s" vc-handled-backends)

      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (write-region "foo" nil tmp-name2)
            (should (file-directory-p tmp-name1))
            (should (file-exists-p tmp-name2))
            (should-not (vc-registered tmp-name1))
            (should-not (vc-registered tmp-name2))

            (let ((default-directory tmp-name1))
              ;; Create empty repository, and register the file.
              ;; Sometimes, creation of repository fails (bzr!); we
              ;; skip the test then.
              (condition-case nil
                  (vc-create-repo (car vc-handled-backends))
                (error (skip-unless nil)))
              ;; The structure of VC-FILESET is not documented.  Let's
              ;; hope it won't change.
              (condition-case nil
                  (vc-register
                   (list (car vc-handled-backends)
                         (list (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name2))))
                ;; `vc-register' has changed its arguments in Emacs 25.1.
                (error
                 (vc-register
                  nil (list (car vc-handled-backends)
                            (list (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name2))))))
              ;; vc-git uses an own process sentinel, Tramp's sentinel
              ;; for flushing the cache isn't used.
              (dired-uncache (concat (file-remote-p default-directory) "/"))
              (should (vc-registered (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name2)))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test31-make-auto-save-file-name ()
  "Check `make-auto-save-file-name'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    (let ((tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
          (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted)))

      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            ;; Use default `auto-save-file-name-transforms' mechanism.
            (let (tramp-auto-save-directory)
              (with-temp-buffer
                (setq buffer-file-name tmp-name1)
                (should
                 (string-equal
                  (make-auto-save-file-name)
                  ;; This is taken from original `make-auto-save-file-name'.
                  (expand-file-name
                   (format
                    "#%s#"
                    (subst-char-in-string
                     ?/ ?! (replace-regexp-in-string "!" "!!" tmp-name1)))
                   temporary-file-directory)))))

            ;; No mapping.
            (let (tramp-auto-save-directory auto-save-file-name-transforms)
              (with-temp-buffer
                (setq buffer-file-name tmp-name1)
                (should
                 (string-equal
                  (make-auto-save-file-name)
                  (funcall
                   (if quoted 'tramp-compat-file-name-quote 'identity)
                   (expand-file-name
                    (format "#%s#" (file-name-nondirectory tmp-name1))
                    tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))))))

            ;; Use default `tramp-auto-save-directory' mechanism.
            (let ((tramp-auto-save-directory tmp-name2))
              (with-temp-buffer
                (setq buffer-file-name tmp-name1)
                (should
                 (string-equal
                  (make-auto-save-file-name)
                  ;; This is taken from Tramp.
                  (expand-file-name
                   (format
                    "#%s#"
                    (tramp-subst-strs-in-string
                     '(("_" . "|")
                       ("/" . "_a")
                       (":" . "_b")
                       ("|" . "__")
                       ("[" . "_l")
                       ("]" . "_r"))
                     (tramp-compat-file-name-unquote tmp-name1)))
                   tmp-name2)))
                (should (file-directory-p tmp-name2))))

            ;; Relative file names shall work, too.
            (let ((tramp-auto-save-directory "."))
              (with-temp-buffer
                (setq buffer-file-name tmp-name1
                      default-directory tmp-name2)
                (should
                 (string-equal
                  (make-auto-save-file-name)
                  ;; This is taken from Tramp.
                  (expand-file-name
                   (format
                    "#%s#"
                    (tramp-subst-strs-in-string
                     '(("_" . "|")
                       ("/" . "_a")
                       (":" . "_b")
                       ("|" . "__")
                       ("[" . "_l")
                       ("]" . "_r"))
                     (tramp-compat-file-name-unquote tmp-name1)))
                   tmp-name2)))
                (should (file-directory-p tmp-name2)))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-file tmp-name1))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name2 'recursive))))))

;; The functions were introduced in Emacs 26.1.
(ert-deftest tramp-test32-make-nearby-temp-file ()
  "Check `make-nearby-temp-file' and `temporary-file-directory'."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless
   (and (fboundp 'make-nearby-temp-file) (fboundp 'temporary-file-directory)))

  (let ((default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
        tmp-file)
    ;; The remote host shall know a temporary file directory.
    (should (stringp (temporary-file-directory)))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p default-directory)
      (file-remote-p (temporary-file-directory))))

    ;; The temporary file shall be located on the remote host.
    (setq tmp-file (make-nearby-temp-file "tramp-test"))
    (should (file-exists-p tmp-file))
    (should (file-regular-p tmp-file))
    (should
     (string-equal
      (file-remote-p default-directory)
      (file-remote-p tmp-file)))
    (delete-file tmp-file)
    (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-file))

    (setq tmp-file (make-nearby-temp-file "tramp-test" 'dir))
    (should (file-exists-p tmp-file))
    (should (file-directory-p tmp-file))
    (delete-directory tmp-file)
    (should-not (file-exists-p tmp-file))))

(defun tramp--test-adb-p ()
  "Check, whether the remote host runs Android.
This requires restrictions of file name syntax."
  (tramp-adb-file-name-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))

(defun tramp--test-docker-p ()
  "Check, whether the docker method is used.
This does not support some special file names."
  (string-equal
   "docker" (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'method)))

(defun tramp--test-ftp-p ()
  "Check, whether an FTP-like method is used.
This does not support globbing characters in file names (yet)."
  ;; Globbing characters are ??, ?* and ?\[.
  (string-match
   "ftp$" (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'method)))

(defun tramp--test-gvfs-p ()
  "Check, whether the remote host runs a GVFS based method.
This requires restrictions of file name syntax."
  (tramp-gvfs-file-name-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))

(defun tramp--test-hpux-p ()
  "Check, whether the remote host runs HP-UX.
Several special characters do not work properly there."
  ;; We must refill the cache.  `file-truename' does it.
  (with-parsed-tramp-file-name
      (file-truename tramp-test-temporary-file-directory) nil
    (string-match "^HP-UX" (tramp-get-connection-property v "uname" ""))))

(defun tramp--test-rsync-p ()
  "Check, whether the rsync method is used.
This does not support special file names."
  (string-equal
   "rsync" (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'method)))

(defun tramp--test-sh-p ()
  "Check, whether the remote host runs a based method from tramp-sh.el."
  (eq
   (tramp-find-foreign-file-name-handler tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
   'tramp-sh-file-name-handler))

(defun tramp--test-windows-nt-and-batch ()
  "Check, whether the locale host runs MS Windows in batch mode.
This does not support special characters."
  (and (eq system-type 'windows-nt) noninteractive))

(defun tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p ()
  "Check, whether the locale host runs MS Windows, and ps{cp,ftp} is used.
This does not support utf8 based file transfer."
  (and (eq system-type 'windows-nt)
       (string-match
        (regexp-opt '("pscp" "psftp"))
        (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory 'method))))

(defun tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p ()
  "Check, whether the locale or remote host runs MS Windows.
This requires restrictions of file name syntax."
  (or (eq system-type 'windows-nt)
      (tramp-smb-file-name-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)))

(defun tramp--test-check-files (&rest files)
  "Run a simple but comprehensive test over every file in FILES."
  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    ;; We must use `file-truename' for the temporary directory,
    ;; because it could be located on a symlinked directory.  This
    ;; would let the test fail.
    (let* ((tramp-test-temporary-file-directory
            (file-truename tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
           (tmp-name1 (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (tmp-name2 (tramp--test-make-temp-name 'local quoted))
           (files (delq nil files))
           (process-environment process-environment))
      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            ;; Add environment variables.
            (dolist (elt files)
              ;; The check command (heredoc file) does not support
              ;; environment variables with leading spaces.
              (let* ((elt (replace-regexp-in-string "^\\s-+" "" elt))
                     (envvar (concat "VAR_" (upcase (md5 elt)))))
                (setenv envvar elt)))

            ;; We force a reconnect, in order to have a clean environment.
            (tramp-cleanup-connection
             (tramp-dissect-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
             'keep-debug 'keep-password)
            (make-directory tmp-name1)
            (make-directory tmp-name2)

            (dolist (elt files)
              (let* ((file1 (expand-file-name elt tmp-name1))
                     (file2 (expand-file-name elt tmp-name2))
                     (file3 (expand-file-name (concat elt "foo") tmp-name1)))
                (write-region elt nil file1)
                (should (file-exists-p file1))

                ;; Check file contents.
                (with-temp-buffer
                  (insert-file-contents file1)
                  (should (string-equal (buffer-string) elt)))

                ;; Copy file both directions.
                (copy-file file1 tmp-name2)
                (should (file-exists-p file2))
                (delete-file file1)
                (should-not (file-exists-p file1))
                (copy-file file2 tmp-name1)
                (should (file-exists-p file1))

                ;; Method "smb" supports `make-symbolic-link' only if the
                ;; remote host has CIFS capabilities.  tramp-adb.el and
                ;; tramp-gvfs.el do not support symbolic links at all.
                (condition-case err
                    (progn
                      (make-symbolic-link file1 file3)
                      (should (file-symlink-p file3))
                      (should
                       (string-equal
                        (expand-file-name file1) (file-truename file3)))
                      (should
                       (string-equal
                        (funcall
                         (if quoted 'tramp-compat-file-name-quote 'identity)
                         (car (file-attributes file3)))
                        (file-remote-p (file-truename file1) 'localname)))
                      ;; Check file contents.
                      (with-temp-buffer
                        (insert-file-contents file3)
                        (should (string-equal (buffer-string) elt)))
                      (delete-file file3))
                  (file-error
                   (should
                    (string-equal (error-message-string err)
                                  "make-symbolic-link not supported"))))))

            ;; Check file names.
            (should (equal (directory-files
                            tmp-name1 nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)
                           (sort (copy-sequence files) 'string-lessp)))
            (should (equal (directory-files
                            tmp-name2 nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)
                           (sort (copy-sequence files) 'string-lessp)))

            ;; `substitute-in-file-name' could return different
            ;; values.  For `adb', there could be strange file
            ;; permissions preventing overwriting a file.  We don't
            ;; care in this testcase.
            (dolist (elt files)
              (let ((file1
                     (substitute-in-file-name (expand-file-name elt tmp-name1)))
                    (file2
                     (substitute-in-file-name
                      (expand-file-name elt tmp-name2))))
                (ignore-errors (write-region elt nil file1))
                (should (file-exists-p file1))
                (ignore-errors (write-region elt nil file2 nil 'nomessage))
                (should (file-exists-p file2))))

            (should (equal (directory-files
                            tmp-name1 nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)
                           (directory-files
                            tmp-name2 nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)))

            ;; Check directory creation.  We use a subdirectory "foo"
            ;; in order to avoid conflicts with previous file name tests.
            (dolist (elt files)
              (let* ((elt1 (concat elt "foo"))
                     (file1 (expand-file-name (concat "foo/" elt) tmp-name1))
                     (file2 (expand-file-name elt file1))
                     (file3 (expand-file-name elt1 file1)))
                (make-directory file1 'parents)
                (should (file-directory-p file1))
                (write-region elt nil file2)
                (should (file-exists-p file2))
                (should
                 (equal
                  (directory-files
                   file1 nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)
                  `(,elt)))
                (should
                 (equal
                  (caar (directory-files-and-attributes
                         file1 nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp))
                  elt))

                ;; Check symlink in `directory-files-and-attributes'.
                (condition-case err
                    (progn
                      (make-symbolic-link file2 file3)
                      (should (file-symlink-p file3))
                      (should
                       (string-equal
                        (caar (directory-files-and-attributes
                               file1 nil (regexp-quote elt1)))
                        elt1))
                      (should
                       (string-equal
                        (funcall
                         (if quoted 'tramp-compat-file-name-quote 'identity)
                         (cadr (car (directory-files-and-attributes
                                     file1 nil (regexp-quote elt1)))))
                        (file-remote-p (file-truename file2) 'localname)))
                      (delete-file file3)
                      (should-not (file-exists-p file3)))
                  (file-error
                   (should (string-equal (error-message-string err)
                                         "make-symbolic-link not supported"))))

                (delete-file file2)
                (should-not (file-exists-p file2))
                (delete-directory file1)
                (should-not (file-exists-p file1))))

            ;; Check, that environment variables are set correctly.
            (when (and tramp--test-expensive-test (tramp--test-sh-p))
              (dolist (elt process-environment)
                (when (string-match "^VAR_" elt)
                  (let* ((default-directory tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
                         (shell-file-name "/bin/sh")
                         (heredoc (md5 (current-time-string)))
                         (envvar (car (split-string elt "=" t)))
                         (file1 (tramp-compat-file-name-unquote
                                 (expand-file-name "bar" tmp-name1))))
                    ;; Cleanup.
                    (ignore-errors (delete-file file1))
                    ;; Save the variable in a file.  The echo command
                    ;; does not work properly, it suppresses leading/
                    ;; trailing spaces as well as tabs.
                    (shell-command-to-string
                     (format
                      "cat <<%s >%s\n$%s\n%s"
                      heredoc (file-remote-p file1 'localname) envvar heredoc))
                    (with-temp-buffer
                      (insert-file-contents file1)
                      (should
                       (string-equal
                        (buffer-string) (concat (getenv envvar) "\n"))))
                    (delete-file file1)
                    (should-not (file-exists-p file1)))))))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name1 'recursive))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name2 'recursive))))))

(defun tramp--test-special-characters ()
  "Perform the test in `tramp-test33-special-characters*'."
  ;; Newlines, slashes and backslashes in file names are not
  ;; supported.  So we don't test.  And we don't test the tab
  ;; character on Windows or Cygwin, because the backslash is
  ;; interpreted as a path separator, preventing "\t" from being
  ;; expanded to <TAB>.
  (tramp--test-check-files
   (if (or (tramp--test-gvfs-p) (tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p))
       "foo bar baz"
     (if (or (tramp--test-adb-p)
             (tramp--test-docker-p)
             (eq system-type 'cygwin))
         " foo bar baz "
       " foo\tbar baz\t"))
   "$foo$bar$$baz$"
   "-foo-bar-baz-"
   "%foo%bar%baz%"
   "&foo&bar&baz&"
   (unless (or (tramp--test-ftp-p)
               (tramp--test-gvfs-p)
               (tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p))
     "?foo?bar?baz?")
   (unless (or (tramp--test-ftp-p)
               (tramp--test-gvfs-p)
               (tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p))
     "*foo*bar*baz*")
   (if (or (tramp--test-gvfs-p) (tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p))
       "'foo'bar'baz'"
     "'foo\"bar'baz\"")
   "#foo~bar#baz~"
   (if (or (tramp--test-gvfs-p) (tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p))
       "!foo!bar!baz!"
     "!foo|bar!baz|")
   (if (or (tramp--test-gvfs-p) (tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p))
       ";foo;bar;baz;"
     ":foo;bar:baz;")
   (unless (or (tramp--test-gvfs-p) (tramp--test-windows-nt-or-smb-p))
     "<foo>bar<baz>")
   "(foo)bar(baz)"
   (unless (or (tramp--test-ftp-p) (tramp--test-gvfs-p)) "[foo]bar[baz]")
   "{foo}bar{baz}"))

;; These tests are inspired by Bug#17238.
(ert-deftest tramp-test33-special-characters ()
  "Check special characters in file names."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))

  (tramp--test-special-characters))

(ert-deftest tramp-test33-special-characters-with-stat ()
  "Check special characters in file names.
Use the `stat' command."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))
  (with-parsed-tramp-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory nil
    (skip-unless (tramp-get-remote-stat v)))

  (let ((tramp-connection-properties
         (append
          `((,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "perl" nil))
          tramp-connection-properties)))
    (tramp--test-special-characters)))

(ert-deftest tramp-test33-special-characters-with-perl ()
  "Check special characters in file names.
Use the `perl' command."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))
  (with-parsed-tramp-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory nil
    (skip-unless (tramp-get-remote-perl v)))

  (let ((tramp-connection-properties
         (append
          `((,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "stat" nil)
            ;; See `tramp-sh-handle-file-truename'.
            (,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "readlink" nil))
          tramp-connection-properties)))
    (tramp--test-special-characters)))

(ert-deftest tramp-test33-special-characters-with-ls ()
  "Check special characters in file names.
Use the `ls' command."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-batch)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))

  (let ((tramp-connection-properties
         (append
          `((,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "perl" nil)
            (,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "stat" nil)
            ;; See `tramp-sh-handle-file-truename'.
            (,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "readlink" nil))
          tramp-connection-properties)))
    (tramp--test-special-characters)))

(defun tramp--test-utf8 ()
  "Perform the test in `tramp-test34-utf8*'."
  (let* ((utf8 (if (and (eq system-type 'darwin)
                        (memq 'utf-8-hfs (coding-system-list)))
                   'utf-8-hfs 'utf-8))
         (coding-system-for-read utf8)
         (coding-system-for-write utf8)
         (file-name-coding-system utf8))
    (tramp--test-check-files
     (unless (tramp--test-hpux-p) "Γυρίστε το Γαλαξία με Ώτο Στοπ")
     (unless (tramp--test-hpux-p)
       "أصبح بوسعك الآن تنزيل نسخة كاملة من موسوعة ويكيبيديا العربية لتصفحها بلا اتصال بالإنترنت")
     "银河系漫游指南系列"
     "Автостопом по гала́ктике")))

(ert-deftest tramp-test34-utf8 ()
  "Check UTF8 encoding in file names and file contents."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-docker-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-batch)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))

  (tramp--test-utf8))

(ert-deftest tramp-test34-utf8-with-stat ()
  "Check UTF8 encoding in file names and file contents.
Use the `stat' command."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-docker-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-batch)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))
  (with-parsed-tramp-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory nil
    (skip-unless (tramp-get-remote-stat v)))

  (let ((tramp-connection-properties
         (append
          `((,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "perl" nil))
          tramp-connection-properties)))
    (tramp--test-utf8)))

(ert-deftest tramp-test34-utf8-with-perl ()
  "Check UTF8 encoding in file names and file contents.
Use the `perl' command."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-docker-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-batch)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))
  (with-parsed-tramp-file-name tramp-test-temporary-file-directory nil
    (skip-unless (tramp-get-remote-perl v)))

  (let ((tramp-connection-properties
         (append
          `((,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "stat" nil)
            ;; See `tramp-sh-handle-file-truename'.
            (,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "readlink" nil))
          tramp-connection-properties)))
    (tramp--test-utf8)))

(ert-deftest tramp-test34-utf8-with-ls ()
  "Check UTF8 encoding in file names and file contents.
Use the `ls' command."
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-docker-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-rsync-p)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-batch)))
  (skip-unless (not (tramp--test-windows-nt-and-pscp-psftp-p)))

  (let ((tramp-connection-properties
         (append
          `((,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "perl" nil)
            (,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "stat" nil)
            ;; See `tramp-sh-handle-file-truename'.
            (,(regexp-quote (file-remote-p tramp-test-temporary-file-directory))
             "readlink" nil))
          tramp-connection-properties)))
    (tramp--test-utf8)))

;; This test is inspired by Bug#16928.
(ert-deftest tramp-test35-asynchronous-requests ()
  "Check parallel asynchronous requests.
Such requests could arrive from timers, process filters and
process sentinels.  They shall not disturb each other."
  ;; Mark as failed until bug has been fixed.
  :expected-result :failed
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-sh-p))

  (dolist (quoted (if tramp--test-expensive-test '(nil t) '(nil)))
    ;; Keep instrumentation verbosity 0 until Tramp bug is fixed.
    ;; This has the side effect, that this test fails instead to
    ;; abort.  Good for hydra.
    (tramp--instrument-test-case 0
    (let* ((tmp-name (tramp--test-make-temp-name nil quoted))
           (default-directory tmp-name)
           (remote-file-name-inhibit-cache t)
           timer buffers kill-buffer-query-functions)

      (unwind-protect
          (progn
            (make-directory tmp-name)

            ;; Setup a timer in order to raise an ordinary command
            ;; again and again.  `vc-registered' is well suited,
            ;; because there are many checks.
            (setq
             timer
             (run-at-time
              0 1
              (lambda ()
                (when buffers
                  (vc-registered
                   (buffer-name (nth (random (length buffers)) buffers)))))))

            ;; Create temporary buffers.  The number of buffers
            ;; corresponds to the number of processes; it could be
            ;; increased in order to make pressure on Tramp.
            (dotimes (i 5)
              (add-to-list 'buffers (generate-new-buffer "*temp*")))

            ;; Open asynchronous processes.  Set process sentinel.
            (dolist (buf buffers)
              (async-shell-command "read line; touch $line; echo $line" buf)
              (set-process-sentinel
               (get-buffer-process buf)
               (lambda (proc _state)
                 (delete-file (buffer-name (process-buffer proc))))))

            ;; Send a string.  Use a random order of the buffers.  Mix
            ;; with regular operation.
            (let ((buffers (copy-sequence buffers))
                  buf)
              (while buffers
                (setq buf (nth (random (length buffers)) buffers))
                (process-send-string
                 (get-buffer-process buf) (format "'%s'\n" buf))
                (file-attributes (buffer-name buf))
                (setq buffers (delq buf buffers))))

            ;; Wait until the whole output has been read.
            (with-timeout ((* 10 (length buffers))
                           (ert-fail "`async-shell-command' timed out"))
              (let ((buffers (copy-sequence buffers))
                    buf)
                (while buffers
                  (setq buf (nth (random (length buffers)) buffers))
                  (if (ignore-errors
                        (memq (process-status (get-buffer-process buf))
                              '(run open)))
                      (accept-process-output (get-buffer-process buf) 0.1)
                    (setq buffers (delq buf buffers))))))

            ;; Check.
            (dolist (buf buffers)
              (with-current-buffer buf
                (should
                 (string-equal (format "'%s'\n" buf) (buffer-string)))))
            (should-not
             (directory-files
              tmp-name nil directory-files-no-dot-files-regexp)))

        ;; Cleanup.
        (ignore-errors (cancel-timer timer))
        (ignore-errors (delete-directory tmp-name 'recursive))
        (dolist (buf buffers)
          (ignore-errors (kill-buffer buf))))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test36-recursive-load ()
  "Check that Tramp does not fail due to recursive load."
  (skip-unless (tramp--test-enabled))

  (dolist (code
           (list
            (format "(expand-file-name %S)" tramp-test-temporary-file-directory)
            (format
             "(let ((default-directory %S)) (expand-file-name %S))"
             tramp-test-temporary-file-directory
             temporary-file-directory)))
    (should-not
     (string-match
      "Recursive load"
      (shell-command-to-string
       (format
        "%s -batch -Q -L %s --eval %s"
        (expand-file-name invocation-name invocation-directory)
        (mapconcat 'shell-quote-argument load-path " -L ")
        (shell-quote-argument code)))))))

(ert-deftest tramp-test37-unload ()
  "Check that Tramp and its subpackages unload completely.
Since it unloads Tramp, it shall be the last test to run."
  ;; Mark as failed until all symbols are unbound.
  :expected-result (if (featurep 'tramp) :failed :passed)
  :tags '(:expensive-test)
  (when (featurep 'tramp)
    (unload-feature 'tramp 'force)
    ;; No Tramp feature must be left.
    (should-not (featurep 'tramp))
    (should-not (all-completions "tramp" (delq 'tramp-tests features)))
    ;; `file-name-handler-alist' must be clean.
    (should-not (all-completions "tramp" (mapcar 'cdr file-name-handler-alist)))
    ;; There shouldn't be left a bound symbol.  We do not regard our
    ;; test symbols, and the Tramp unload hooks.
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (x)
       (and (or (boundp x) (functionp x))
            (string-match "^tramp" (symbol-name x))
            (not (string-match "^tramp--?test" (symbol-name x)))
            (not (string-match "unload-hook$" (symbol-name x)))
            (ert-fail (format "`%s' still bound" x)))))
    ;; There shouldn't be left a hook function containing a Tramp
    ;; function.  We do not regard the Tramp unload hooks.
    (mapatoms
     (lambda (x)
       (and (boundp x)
            (string-match "-hooks?$" (symbol-name x))
            (not (string-match "unload-hook$" (symbol-name x)))
            (consp (symbol-value x))
            (ignore-errors (all-completions "tramp" (symbol-value x)))
            (ert-fail (format "Hook `%s' still contains Tramp function" x)))))))

;; TODO:

;; * dired-compress-file
;; * dired-uncache
;; * file-acl
;; * file-name-case-insensitive-p
;; * file-selinux-context
;; * find-backup-file-name
;; * set-file-acl
;; * set-file-selinux-context

;; * Work on skipped tests.  Make a comment, when it is impossible.
;; * Fix `tramp-test06-directory-file-name' for `ftp'.
;; * Fix `tramp-test27-start-file-process' on MS Windows (`process-send-eof'?).
;; * Fix Bug#16928.  Set expected error of `tramp-test35-asynchronous-requests'.
;; * Fix `tramp-test37-unload' (Not all symbols are unbound).  Set
;;   expected error.

(defun tramp-test-all (&optional interactive)
  "Run all tests for \\[tramp]."
  (interactive "p")
  (funcall
   (if interactive 'ert-run-tests-interactively 'ert-run-tests-batch) "^tramp"))

(provide 'tramp-tests)
;;; tramp-tests.el ends here