lisp/leim/quail/ipa-praat.el

   1 ;;; ipa-praat.el --- Inputting IPA characters with the conventions of Praat
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 2011-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   4
   5 ;; Author: Oliver Scholz <epameinondas@gmx.de>
   6 ;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, IPA
   7
   8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
   9
  10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12 ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  13 ;; (at your option) any later version.
  14
  15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  19
  20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  21 ;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  22
  23 ;;; Commentary:
  24
  25 ;; This is a new input method for IPA characters and diacritics, which follows
  26 ;; the conventions of Praat, a GPLed program for phonetic analysis.
  27 ;;
  28 ;; This input method is much more complete than the current ipa.el.
  29
  30 ;;; Code:
  31
  32 (require 'quail)
  33
  34 (quail-define-package
  35  "ipa-praat" "IPA" "IPAP" t
  36  "International Phonetic Alphabet input method.
  37 This follows the input method of the phonetic analysis program
  38 Praat (http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/).
  39
  40
  41 * Vowels
  42
  43 - Unrounded
  44              | front | centr. | back
  45 -------------+-------+--------+------
  46 close        | i i   | ɨ \\i-  | ɯ \\mt
  47 close centr. | ɪ \\ic |        |
  48 close-mid    | e e   | ɘ \\e-  | ɤ \\rh
  49              |       | ə \\sw  |
  50 open-mid     | ɛ \\ef | ɜ \\er  | ʌ \\vt
  51              | æ \\ae | ɐ \\at  |
  52 open         | a a   |        | ɑ \\as
  53
  54
  55
  56 - Rounded
  57              | front | centr. | back
  58 -------------+-------+--------+-------
  59 close        | y y   | ʉ \\u-  | u u
  60 close centr. | ʏ \\yc |        | ʊ \\hs
  61 close-mid    | ø \\o/ | ɵ \\o-  | o o
  62 open-mid     | œ \\oe | ɞ \\kb  | ɔ \\ct
  63 open         | ɶ \\Oe |        | ɒ  \\ab
  64
  65
  66
  67 For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most
  68 similar letter of the English alphabet.  The second letter can be
  69 t (turned), c (capital), s (script), r (reversed), - (barred or
  70 retracted), or / (slashed).  One symbol (ɛ) is a phonetic version
  71 of a Greek letter.  The codes for ə, ɤ, ʊ and ɞ are abbreviations
  72 for schwa, ram's horn, horseshoe, and kidney bean.
  73
  74
  75 * Consonants
  76
  77 - Pulmonic
  78
  79            | plos. | nasal | fric. | approx. | trill | tap/flap | l. appr.
  80 -----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------+----------+---------
  81 bilabial   | p p   | m m   | ɸ \\ff |         |       |          |
  82            | b b   |       | β \\bf | ʋ \\vs   | ʙ \\bc |          |
  83 labiodent. |       | ɱ \\mj | f f   |         |       |          |
  84            |       |       | v v   |         |       |          |
  85 dental     |       |       | θ \\tf |         |       |          |
  86            |       |       | ð \\dh |         |       |          |
  87 alveolar   | t t   | n n   | s s   |         |       | ɾ \\fh    |
  88            | d d   |       | z z   | ɹ \\rt   | r r   |          | l l
  89 alv. lat.  |       |       | ɬ \\l- |         |       | ɺ \\rl    |
  90            |       |       | ɮ \\lz | l l     |       |          | l l
  91 postalv.   |       |       | ʃ \\sh |         |       |          |
  92            |       |       | ʒ \\zh |         |       |          |
  93 retroflex  | ʈ \\t. | ɳ \\n. | ʂ \\s. |         |       | ɽ \\f.    |
  94            | ɖ \\d. |       | ʐ \\z. | ɻ \\r.   |       |          | ɭ \\l.
  95 alv.-pala. |       |       | ɕ \\cc |         |       |          |
  96            |       |       | ʑ \\zc |         |       |          |
  97 palatal    | c c   | ɲ \\nj | ç \\c, |         |       |          |
  98            | ɟ \\j. |       | ʝ \\jc | j j     |       |          | ʎ \\yt
  99 lab.-pal.  |       |       |       |         |       |          |
 100            |       |       |       | ɥ \\ht   |       |          |
 101 lab.-vela. |       |       | ʍ \\wt |         |       |          |
 102            |       |       |       | w w     |       |          |
 103 velar      | k k   | ŋ \\ng | x x   |         |       |          | ʟ \\lc
 104            | ɡ \\gs |       | ɣ \\gf | ɰ \\ml   |       |          |
 105 uvular     | q q   | ɴ \\nc | χ \\cf |         |       |          |
 106            | ɢ \\gc |       | ʁ \\ri |         | ʀ \\rc |          |
 107 pharyngeal |       |       | ħ \\h- |         |       |          |
 108            |       |       | ʕ \\9e |         |       |          |
 109 epiglottal | ʡ \\?- |       | ʜ \\hc |         |       |          |
 110            |       |       | ʢ \\9- |         |       |          |
 111 glottal    | ʔ     |       | h h   |         |       |          |
 112            |       |       | ɦ \\h^ |         |       |          |
 113
 114 - Nonpulmonic
 115
 116           | implosive | click
 117 ----------+-----------+------
 118 bilabial  | ɓ \\b^     | ʘ \\O.
 119 dental    |           | ǀ \\|1
 120 alveolar  | ɗ \\d^     |
 121 alv.-lat. |           | ǁ \\|2
 122 postalv.  |           | ǂ \\|-
 123 retrofl.  |           | ! !
 124 palatal   | ʄ \\j^     |
 125 velar     | ɠ \\g^     |
 126 uvular    | ʛ \\G^     |
 127
 128 For most of the codes, the first letter tells you the most
 129 similar letter of the English alphabet.  The second letter can
 130 be t (turned), c (capital or curled), s (script), - (barred),
 131 l (with leg), i (inverted), or j (left tail).  Some phonetic
 132 symbols are similar to Greek letters but have special
 133 phonetic (f) versions with serifs (ɸ, β, ɣ) or are otherwise
 134 slightly different (θ, χ).  The codes for ŋ (engma), ð (eth),
 135 ʃ (esh), and ʒ (yogh) are traditional alternative spellings.
 136 The retroflexes have a period in the second place, because an
 137 alternative traditional spelling is to write a dot under
 138 them.  The code for ɾ is an abbreviation for fishhook.
 139
 140
 141 * Diacritics
 142
 143 - In line
 144
 145 input | example | description
 146 ------+---------+---------------------
 147 \\:f   | ː       | phonetic length sign
 148 \\'1   | ˈ       | primary stress
 149 \\'2   | ˌ       | secondary stress
 150 \\cn   | t̚       | unreleased plosive
 151 \\rh   | ɜ˞      | rhotacized vowel
 152
 153 - Understrikes
 154
 155 input | example | description
 156 ------+---------+--------------------------------
 157 \\|v   | n̩       | syllabic consonant
 158 \\0v   | b̥       | voiceless
 159 \\Tv   | o̞       | lowered
 160 \\T^   | o̝       | raised
 161 \\T(   | o̘       | advanced tongue root
 162 \\T)   | o̙       | retracted tongue root
 163 \\-v   | e̱       | backed
 164 \\+v   | o̟       | fronted
 165 \\:v   | o̤       | breathy voice
 166 \\~v   | o̰       | creaky voice
 167 \\Nv   | d̪       | dental (as opposed to alveolar)
 168 \\Uv   | d̺       | apical
 169 \\Dv   | d̻       | laminal
 170 \\nv   | u̯       | nonsyllabic
 171 \\e3v  | e̹       | slightly rounded
 172 \\cv   | u̜       | slightly unrounded
 173
 174 - Overstrikes
 175
 176 input | example | description
 177 ------+---------+--------------------------------------------
 178 \\0^   | ɣ̊       | voiceless
 179 \\'^   |         | high tone
 180 \\`^   |         | low tone
 181 \\-^   |         | mid tone
 182 \\~^   |         | nasalized
 183 \\v^   |         | rising tone
 184 \\^^   |         | falling tone
 185 \\:^   |         | centralized
 186 \\N^   |         | short
 187 \\li   | k͡p      | simultaneous articulation or single segment
 188 "
 189  nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
 190
 191 (quail-define-rules
 192  ;; plosives
 193  ("\\t." ?ʈ) ; retroflex
 194  ("\\d." ?ɖ) ; voiced retroflex
 195  ("\\j-" ?ɟ) ; voiced palatal
 196  ("\\gs" ?ɡ) ; voiced velar
 197  ("\\gc" ?ɢ) ; voiced uvular
 198  ("\\?-" ?ʡ) ; epiglottal
 199  ("\\?g" ?ʔ) ; glottal
 200
 201  ;; nasals
 202  ("\\mj" ?ɱ) ; labiodental
 203  ("\\n." ?ɳ) ; retroflex
 204  ("\\nj" ?ɲ) ; palatal
 205  ("\\ng" ?ŋ) ; velar
 206  ("\\nc" ?ɴ) ; uvular
 207
 208  ;; fricatives
 209  ("\\ff" ?ɸ) ; bilabial
 210  ("\\bf" ?β) ; voiced bilabial
 211  ("\\tf" ?θ) ; labiodental
 212  ("\\dh" ?ð) ; voiced labiodental
 213  ("\\sh" ?ʃ) ; postalveolar
 214  ("\\l-" ?ɬ) ; alv. lateral
 215  ("\\lz" ?ɮ) ; voiced alv. lateral
 216  ("\\zh" ?ʒ) ; voiced postalveolar
 217  ("\\s." ?ʂ) ; retroflex
 218  ("\\z." ?ʐ) ; voiced retroflex
 219  ("\\cc" ?ɕ) ; alveolo-palatal
 220  ("\\zc" ?ʑ) ; voiced alveolo-palatal
 221  ("\\c," ?ç) ; palatal
 222  ("\\jc" ?ʝ) ; voiced palatal
 223  ("\\wt" ?ʍ) ; labial-velar
 224  ("\\gf" ?ɣ) ; voiced velar
 225  ("\\cf" ?χ) ; uvular
 226  ("\\ri" ?ʁ) ; voiced uvular
 227  ("\\h-" ?ħ) ; pharyngeal
 228  ("\\9e" ?ʕ) ; voiced pharyngeal
 229  ("\\hc" ?ʜ) ; epiglottal
 230  ("\\9-" ?ʢ) ; voiced epiglottal
 231  ("\\h^" ?ɦ) ; voiced glottal
 232
 233  ;; approximants
 234  ("\\vs" ?ʋ) ; labiodental
 235  ("\\rt" ?ɹ) ; alveolar
 236  ("\\r." ?ɻ) ; retroflex
 237  ("\\ht" ?ɥ) ; labial-palatal
 238  ("\\ml" ?ɰ) ; velar
 239
 240  ;; trills
 241  ("\\bc" ?ʙ) ; bilabial
 242  ("\\rc" ?ʀ) ; uvular
 243
 244  ;; taps or flaps
 245  ; ⱱ -- labiodental
 246  ("\\fh" ?ɾ) ; alveolar
 247  ("\\rl" ?ɺ) ; alv.-lateral
 248  ("\\f." ?ɽ) ; retroflex
 249
 250  ;; lateral approx.
 251  ("\\l." ?ɭ) ; retroflex
 252  ("\\yt" ?ʎ) ; palatal
 253  ("\\lc" ?ʟ) ; velar
 254
 255  ;; implosives
 256  ("\\b^" ?ɓ) ; bilabial
 257  ("\\d^" ?ɗ) ; alveolar
 258  ("\\j^" ?ʄ) ; palatal
 259  ("\\g^" ?ɠ) ; velar
 260  ("\\G^" ?ʛ) ; uvular
 261
 262  ;; clicks
 263  ("\\O." ?ʘ) ; bilabial
 264  ("\\|1" ?ǀ) ; dental
 265  ("\\|2" ?ǁ) ; alv. lateral
 266  ("\\|-" ?ǂ) ; postalveolar
 267
 268  ;; other
 269  ("\\l~" ?ɫ) ; velarized l
 270  ("\\hj" ?ɧ) ; post-alveolar & velar fricative
 271
 272  ;; vowels
 273  ("\\i-" ?ɨ)
 274  ("\\u-" ?ʉ)
 275
 276  ("\\mt" ?ɯ)
 277
 278  ("\\ic" ?ɪ)
 279  ("\\yc" ?ʏ)
 280
 281  ("\\hs" ?ʊ)
 282
 283  ("\\o/" ?ø)
 284  ("\\e-" ?ɘ)
 285  ("\\o-" ?ɵ)
 286  ("\\rh" ?ɤ)
 287
 288  ("\\sw" ?ə)
 289
 290  ("\\ef" ?ɛ)
 291  ("\\oe" ?œ)
 292  ("\\er" ?ɜ)
 293  ("\\kb" ?ɞ)
 294  ("\\vt" ?ʌ)
 295  ("\\ct" ?ɔ)
 296
 297  ("\\ae" ?æ)
 298  ("\\at" ?ɐ)
 299
 300  ("\\Oe" ?ɶ)
 301  ("\\as" ?ɑ)
 302  ("\\ab" ?ɒ)
 303
 304  ("\\sr" ?ɚ)
 305
 306  ;; diacritics
 307  ("\\:f" ?ː) ; phonetic length sign
 308  ("\\'1" ?ˈ) ; primary stress
 309  ("\\'2" ?ˌ) ; secondary stress
 310  ("\\cn" #x031A) ; t̚ unreleased plosive
 311  ("\\rh" #x02DE) ; ɜ˞ rhotacized vowel
 312
 313  ("\\|v" #x0329) ; n̩ syllabic consonant
 314  ("\\0v" #x0325) ; b̥ voiceless
 315  ("\\Tv" #x031E) ; o̞ lowered
 316  ("\\T^" #x031D ) ; o̝ raised
 317  ("\\T(" #x0318) ;  o̘ advanced tongue root
 318  ("\\T)" #x0319) ; o̙ retracted tongue root
 319  ("\\-v" #x0331) ; e̱ backed
 320  ("\\+v" #x031F) ; o̟ fronted
 321  ("\\:v" #x0324) ; o̤ breathy voice
 322  ("\\~v" #x0330) ; o̰ creaky voice
 323  ("\\Nv" #x032A) ; d̪ dental (as opposed to alveolar)
 324  ("\\Uv" #x033A) ; d̺ apical
 325  ("\\Dv" #x033B) ; d̻ laminal
 326  ("\\nv" #x032F) ; u̯ nonsyllabic
 327  ("\\e3v" #x0339) ; e̹ slightly rounded
 328  ("\\cv" #x031C) ; u̜ slightly unrounded
 329
 330  ("\\0^" #x030A) ; ɣ̊ voiceless
 331  ("\\'^" #x0301) ; high tone
 332  ("\\`^" #x0300) ; low tone
 333  ("\\-^" #x0304) ; mid tone
 334  ("\\~^" #x0303) ; nasalized
 335  ("\\v^" #x030C) ; rising tone
 336  ("\\^^" #x0302) ; falling tone
 337  ("\\:^" #x0308) ; centralized
 338  ("\\N^" #x0306) ; short
 339  ("\\li" #x0361) ; k͡p simultaneous articulation or single segment
 340  )
 341
 342 ;; Local Variables:
 343 ;; coding: utf-8
 344 ;; End:
 345
 346 ;;; ipa-praat.el ends here