1 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
3 @include gnus-overrides.texi
5 @setfilename ../../info/auth
6 @settitle Emacs auth-source Library @value{VERSION}
11 This file describes the Emacs auth-source library.
13 Copyright @copyright{} 2008-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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17 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
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35 @dircategory Emacs lisp libraries
37 * Auth-source: (auth). The Emacs auth-source library.
42 @title Emacs auth-source Library (DEVELOPMENT VERSION)
45 @title Emacs auth-source Library
47 @author by Ted Zlatanov
49 @vskip 0pt plus 1filll
57 @top Emacs auth-source
58 This manual describes the Emacs auth-source library.
60 It is a way for multiple applications to share a single configuration
61 (in Emacs and in files) for user convenience.
66 * Overview:: Overview of the auth-source library.
68 * Secret Service API::
69 * Help for developers::
70 * GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration::
80 The auth-source library is simply a way for Emacs and Gnus, among
81 others, to answer the old burning question ``What are my user name and
84 (This is different from the old question about burning ``Where is the
85 fire extinguisher, please?''.)
87 The auth-source library supports more than just the user name or the
88 password (known as the secret).
90 Similarly, the auth-source library supports multiple storage backend,
91 currently either the classic ``netrc'' backend, examples of which you
92 can see later in this document, or the Secret Service API. This is
93 done with EIEIO-based backends and you can write your own if you want.
96 @chapter Help for users
98 ``Netrc'' files are a de facto standard. They look like this:
100 machine @var{mymachine} login @var{myloginname} password @var{mypassword} port @var{myport}
103 The @code{machine} is the server (either a DNS name or an IP address).
104 It's known as @var{:host} in @code{auth-source-search} queries. You
105 can also use @code{host}.
107 The @code{port} is the connection port or protocol. It's known as
108 @var{:port} in @code{auth-source-search} queries.
110 The @code{user} is the user name. It's known as @var{:user} in
111 @code{auth-source-search} queries. You can also use @code{login} and
114 Spaces are always OK as far as auth-source is concerned (but other
115 programs may not like them). Just put the data in quotes, escaping
116 quotes as you'd expect with @code{\}.
118 All these are optional. You could just say (but we don't recommend
119 it, we're just showing that it's possible)
122 password @var{mypassword}
125 to use the same password everywhere. Again, @emph{DO NOT DO THIS} or
126 you will be pwned as the kids say.
128 ``Netrc'' files are usually called @code{.authinfo} or @code{.netrc};
129 nowadays @code{.authinfo} seems to be more popular and the auth-source
130 library encourages this confusion by making it the default, as you'll
133 If you have problems with the search, set @code{auth-source-debug} to
134 @code{t} and see what host, port, and user the library is checking in
135 the @code{*Messages*} buffer. Ditto for any other problems, your
136 first step is always to see what's being checked. The second step, of
137 course, is to write a blog entry about it and wait for the answer in
140 You can customize the variable @code{auth-sources}. The following may
141 be needed if you are using an older version of Emacs or if the
142 auth-source library is not loaded for some other reason.
145 (require 'auth-source) ;; probably not necessary
146 (customize-variable 'auth-sources) ;; optional, do it once
151 The @code{auth-sources} variable tells the auth-source library where
152 your netrc files or Secret Service API collection items live for a
153 particular host and protocol. While you can get fancy, the default
154 and simplest configuration is:
157 ;;; old default: required :host and :port, not needed anymore
158 (setq auth-sources '((:source "~/.authinfo.gpg" :host t :port t)))
159 ;;; mostly equivalent (see below about fallbacks) but shorter:
160 (setq auth-sources '((:source "~/.authinfo.gpg")))
161 ;;; even shorter and the @emph{default}:
162 (setq auth-sources '("~/.authinfo.gpg" "~/.authinfo"))
163 ;;; use the Secrets API @var{Login} collection (@pxref{Secret Service API})
164 (setq auth-sources '("secrets:Login"))
167 By adding multiple entries to @code{auth-sources} with a particular
168 host or protocol, you can have specific netrc files for that host or
169 protocol. Usually this is unnecessary but may make sense if you have
170 shared netrc files or some other unusual setup (90% of Emacs users
171 have unusual setups and the remaining 10% are @emph{really} unusual).
173 Here's a mixed example using two sources:
176 (setq auth-sources '((:source (:secrets default) :host "myserver" :user "joe")
182 If you don't customize @code{auth-sources}, you'll have to live with
183 the defaults: any host and any port are looked up in the netrc
184 file @code{~/.authinfo.gpg}, which is a GnuPG encrypted file
185 (@pxref{GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration}).
187 If that fails, the unencrypted netrc file @code{~/.authinfo} will
190 The typical netrc line example is without a port.
193 machine YOURMACHINE login YOU password YOURPASSWORD
196 This will match any authentication port. Simple, right? But what if
197 there's a SMTP server on port 433 of that machine that needs a
198 different password from the IMAP server?
201 machine YOURMACHINE login YOU password SMTPPASSWORD port 433
202 machine YOURMACHINE login YOU password GENERALPASSWORD
205 For url-auth authentication (HTTP/HTTPS), you need to put this in your
209 machine yourmachine.com:80 port http login testuser password testpass
212 This will match any realm and authentication method (basic or digest)
213 over HTTP. HTTPS is set up similarly. If you want finer controls,
214 explore the url-auth source code and variables.
216 For Tramp authentication, use:
219 machine yourmachine.com port scp login testuser password testpass
222 Note that the port denotes the Tramp connection method. When you
223 don't use a port entry, you match any Tramp method, as explained
224 earlier. Since Tramp has about 88 connection methods, this may be
225 necessary if you have an unusual (see earlier comment on those) setup.
227 @node Secret Service API
228 @chapter Secret Service API
230 TODO: how does it work generally, how does secrets.el work, some examples.
232 @node Help for developers
233 @chapter Help for developers
235 The auth-source library only has a few functions for external use.
237 @defun auth-source-search SPEC
239 TODO: how to include docstring?
243 @defun auth-source-delete SPEC
245 TODO: how to include docstring?
249 @defun auth-source-forget SPEC
251 TODO: how to include docstring?
255 @defun auth-source-forget+ SPEC
257 TODO: how to include docstring?
261 @node GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration
262 @appendix GnuPG and EasyPG Assistant Configuration
264 If you don't customize @code{auth-sources}, the auth-source library
265 reads @code{~/.authinfo.gpg}, which is a GnuPG encrypted file. Then
266 it will check @code{~/.authinfo} but it's not recommended to use such
269 In Emacs 23 or later there is an option @code{auto-encryption-mode} to
270 automatically decrypt @code{*.gpg} files. It is enabled by default.
271 If you are using earlier versions of Emacs, you will need:
278 If you want your GnuPG passwords to be cached, set up @code{gpg-agent}
280 (@pxref{Caching Passphrases, , Caching Passphrases, epa}).
282 To quick start, here are some questions:
286 Do you use GnuPG version 2 instead of GnuPG version 1?
288 Do you use symmetric encryption rather than public key encryption?
290 Do you want to use gpg-agent?
293 Here are configurations depending on your answers:
295 @multitable {111} {222} {333} {configuration configuration configuration}
296 @item @b{1} @tab @b{2} @tab @b{3} @tab Configuration
297 @item Yes @tab Yes @tab Yes @tab Set up gpg-agent.
298 @item Yes @tab Yes @tab No @tab You can't, without gpg-agent.
299 @item Yes @tab No @tab Yes @tab Set up gpg-agent.
300 @item Yes @tab No @tab No @tab You can't, without gpg-agent.
301 @item No @tab Yes @tab Yes @tab Set up elisp passphrase cache.
302 @item No @tab Yes @tab No @tab Set up elisp passphrase cache.
303 @item No @tab No @tab Yes @tab Set up gpg-agent.
304 @item No @tab No @tab No @tab You can't, without gpg-agent.
307 To set up gpg-agent, follow the instruction in GnuPG manual
308 (@pxref{Invoking GPG-AGENT, , Invoking GPG-AGENT, gnupg}).
310 To set up elisp passphrase cache, set
311 @code{epa-file-cache-passphrase-for-symmetric-encryption}.
318 @chapter Function Index
322 @chapter Variable Index