3 The exit value of a program returning to the shell on unixoid systems is
4 typically 0 for success, and non-0 (such as 1) for failure. For vms it is
5 odd (1,3,5...) for success, even (0,2,4...) for failure.
7 This holds from the point of view of the "shell" (in quotes because vms has a
8 different dispatch model that is not explained further here).
10 From the point of view of the program, nowadays stdlib.h on both type of
11 systems provides macros `EXIT_SUCCESS' and `EXIT_FAILURE' that should DTRT.
13 NB: The numerical values of these macros DO NOT need to fulfill the the exit
14 value requirements outlined in the first paragraph! That is the job of the
15 `exit' function. Thus, this kind of construct shows misunderstanding:
23 Values aside from EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE are tricky.
29 Values aside from EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE can be used to indicate
30 finer gradations of failure. If this is the only information available
31 to the caller, clamping such values to EXIT_FAILURE loses information.
32 If there are other ways to indicate the problem to the caller (such as
33 a message to stderr) it may be ok to clamp. In all cases, it is the
34 relationship between the program and its caller that must be examined.
35 [Insert ZAMM quote here.]