1 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
2 @c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2001-2012
3 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
5 @node M-x, Help, Minibuffer, Top
6 @chapter Running Commands by Name
8 Every Emacs command has a name that you can use to run it. For
9 convenience, many commands also have key bindings. You can run those
10 commands by typing the keys, or run them by name. Most Emacs commands
11 have no key bindings, so the only way to run them is by name.
12 (@xref{Key Bindings}, for how to set up key bindings.)
14 By convention, a command name consists of one or more words,
15 separated by hyphens; for example, @code{auto-fill-mode} or
16 @code{manual-entry}. Command names mostly use complete English words
17 to make them easier to remember.
20 To run a command by name, start with @kbd{M-x}, type the command
21 name, then terminate it with @key{RET}. @kbd{M-x} uses the minibuffer
22 to read the command name. The string @samp{M-x} appears at the
23 beginning of the minibuffer as a @dfn{prompt} to remind you to enter a
24 command name to be run. @key{RET} exits the minibuffer and runs the
25 command. @xref{Minibuffer}, for more information on the minibuffer.
27 You can use completion to enter the command name. For example,
28 to invoke the command @code{forward-char}, you can type
31 M-x forward-char @key{RET}
38 M-x forw @key{TAB} c @key{RET}
42 Note that @code{forward-char} is the same command that you invoke with
43 the key @kbd{C-f}. The existence of a key binding does not stop you
44 from running the command by name.
46 To cancel the @kbd{M-x} and not run a command, type @kbd{C-g} instead
47 of entering the command name. This takes you back to command level.
49 To pass a numeric argument to the command you are invoking with
50 @kbd{M-x}, specify the numeric argument before @kbd{M-x}. The
51 argument value appears in the prompt while the command name is being
52 read, and finally @kbd{M-x} passes the argument to that command.
54 @vindex suggest-key-bindings
55 When the command you run with @kbd{M-x} has a key binding, Emacs
56 mentions this in the echo area after running the command. For
57 example, if you type @kbd{M-x forward-word}, the message says that you
58 can run the same command by typing @kbd{M-f}. You can turn off these
59 messages by setting the variable @code{suggest-key-bindings} to
62 In this manual, when we speak of running a command by name, we often
63 omit the @key{RET} that terminates the name. Thus we might say
64 @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode} rather than @kbd{M-x auto-fill-mode
65 @key{RET}}. We mention the @key{RET} only for emphasis, such as when
66 the command is followed by arguments.
68 @findex execute-extended-command
69 @kbd{M-x} works by running the command
70 @code{execute-extended-command}, which is responsible for reading the
71 name of another command and invoking it.