lisp/language/ethio-util.el

   1 ;;; ethio-util.el --- utilities for Ethiopic
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
   4 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
   5
   6 ;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, Ethiopic
   7
   8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
   9
  10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  13 ;; any later version.
  14
  15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  19
  20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  21 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  22 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  23 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  24
  25 ;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@etl.go.jp>
  26
  27 ;;; Code:
  28
  29 ;;;###autoload
  30 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment ()
  31   "Setup multilingual environment for Ethiopic."
  32   (interactive)
  33   (setup-english-environment)
  34   (setq default-input-method "ethiopic"))
  35
  36 ;;
  37 ;; Ethio minor mode
  38 ;;
  39
  40 (defvar ethio-mode nil "Non-nil if in Ethio minor mode.")
  41 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-mode)
  42
  43 (or (assq 'ethio-mode minor-mode-alist)
  44     (setq minor-mode-alist
  45           (cons '(ethio-mode " Ethio") minor-mode-alist)))
  46
  47 (defvar ethio-mode-map
  48   (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap)))
  49     (define-key map " "     'ethio-insert-space)
  50     (define-key map [?\S- ] 'ethio-insert-ethio-space)
  51     (define-key map [?\C-'] 'ethio-gemination)
  52     (define-key map [f2]    'ethio-toggle-space)
  53     (define-key map [S-f2]  'ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  54     (define-key map [f3]    'ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  55     (define-key map [f4]    'ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  56     (define-key map [S-f4]  'ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  57     (define-key map [C-f4]  'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  58     (define-key map [f5]    'ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  59     (define-key map [S-f5]  'ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  60     (define-key map [C-f5]  'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  61     (define-key map [f6]    'ethio-modify-vowel)
  62     (define-key map [f7]    'ethio-replace-space)
  63     (define-key map [f8]    'ethio-input-special-character)
  64     map)
  65   "Keymap for Ethio minor mode.")
  66
  67 (or (assq 'ethio-mode minor-mode-map-alist)
  68     (setq minor-mode-map-alist
  69           (cons (cons 'ethio-mode ethio-mode-map) minor-mode-map-alist)))
  70
  71 ;;;###autoload
  72 (defun ethio-mode (&optional arg)
  73   "Toggle Ethio minor mode.
  74 With arg, turn Ethio mode on if and only if arg is positive.
  75
  76 Also, Ethio minor mode is automatically turned on
  77 when you activate the Ethiopic quail package.
  78
  79 The keys that are defined in ethio-mode are:
  80 \\{ethio-mode-map}"
  81
  82   (interactive)
  83   (setq ethio-mode
  84         (if (null arg) (not ethio-mode)
  85           (> (prefix-numeric-value arg) 0)))
  86   (if ethio-mode
  87       (progn
  88         (add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  89         (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  90         (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  91     (remove-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  92     (remove-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  93     (remove-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file)))
  94
  95 ;;
  96 ;; ETHIOPIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS
  97 ;;
  98
  99 ;; If the filename ends in ".sera", editing is done in fidel
 100 ;; but file I/O is done in SERA.
 101 ;;
 102 ;; If the filename ends in ".java", editing is done in fidel
 103 ;; but file I/O is done in the \uXXXX style, where XXXX is
 104 ;; the Unicode codepoint for the Ethiopic character.
 105 ;;
 106 ;; If the filename ends in ".tex", editing is done in fidel
 107 ;; but file I/O is done in EthioTeX format.
 108 ;;
 109 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when sending mail,
 110 ;;   (add-hook 'mail-send-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 111 ;;
 112 ;; To automatically convert SERA format to Ethiopic when receiving mail,
 113 ;;   (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail)
 114 ;;
 115 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when posting news,
 116 ;;   (add-hook 'news-inews-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
 117
 118 ;;
 119 ;; users' preference
 120 ;;
 121
 122 (defvar ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna
 123   "*Symbol that defines the primary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 124 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 125
 126 (defvar ethio-secondary-language 'english
 127   "*Symbol that defines the secondary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 128 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 129
 130 (defvar ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil
 131   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic colon.
 132 If nil, associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic word separator, i.e., two
 133 vertically stacked dots.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this
 134 variable.")
 135
 136 (defvar ethio-use-three-dot-question nil
 137   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic old style question mark (three vertically stacked dots).
 138 If nil, associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic stylised question
 139 mark.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this variable.")
 140
 141 (defvar ethio-quote-vowel-always nil
 142   "*Non-nil means always put an apostrophe before an isolated vowel (except at word initial) in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.
 143 If nil, put an apostrophe only between a sixth-form consonant and an
 144 isolated vowel.")
 145
 146 (defvar ethio-W-sixth-always nil
 147   "*Non-nil means convert the Wu-form of a 12-form consonant to \"W'\" instead of \"Wu\" in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.")
 148
 149 (defvar ethio-numeric-reduction 0
 150   "*Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
 151 Should be 0, 1 or 2.
 152 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
 153     `10`9`100`80`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
 154     `109100807      if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
 155     `10900807       if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
 156
 157 (defvar ethio-implicit-period-conversion t
 158   "*Non-nil means replacing the Ethiopic dot at the end of an Ethiopic sentence
 159 with an Ethiopic full stop.")
 160
 161 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
 162   "*Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.
 163 If nil, use uppercases.")
 164
 165 ;;
 166 ;; SERA to FIDEL
 167 ;;
 168
 169 (defconst ethio-sera-to-fidel-table
 170   [
 171    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 172    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 173 ;;; SP
 174    (" "
 175     (?: (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 176         (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 177         (?- " \e$(3$m\e(B")
 178         (?: " \e$(3$i\e(B")
 179         (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B|" " \e$(3$h\e(B|")
 180             (?: " \e$(3$o\e(B"))))
 181
 182 ;;; !   "   #   $   %   &    '
 183    nil nil nil nil nil nil ("" (?' "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
 184 ;;; (   )   *   +    ,      -               .
 185    nil nil nil nil ("\e$(3$j\e(B") ("-" (?: "\e$(3$l\e(B")) ("\e$(3%u\e(B")
 186 ;;;  /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
 187     nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 188 ;;; :
 189    ((if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 190     (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 191     (?- "\e$(3$m\e(B")
 192     (?: "\e$(3$i\e(B")
 193     (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B|" "\e$(3$h\e(B|")
 194         (?: "\e$(3$o\e(B")))
 195 ;;;  ;      <              =    >
 196    ("\e$(3$k\e(B") ("<" (?< "\e$(3%v\e(B")) nil (">" (?> "\e$(3%w\e(B"))
 197 ;;; ?
 198    ((if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3$n\e(B" "\e$(3%x\e(B"))
 199 ;;; @
 200     nil
 201 ;;; A
 202    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 203 ;;; B
 204    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 205          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 206 ;;; C
 207    ("\e$(3$4\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$/\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$0\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$1\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$2\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$3\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$5\e(B")
 208          (?W "\e$(3$6\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$6\e(B")
 209                   (?e "\e$(3$4%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$4%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$4%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$4%q\e(B")))
 210 ;;; D
 211    ("\e$(3#b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#]\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#^\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#_\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#`\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#a\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#c\e(B")
 212          (?W "\e$(3#d\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#d\e(B")
 213                   (?e "\e$(3#b%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#b%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#b%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#b%q\e(B")))
 214 ;;; E
 215    ("\e$(3"g\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#9\e(B"))
 216 ;;; F
 217    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 218          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 219          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 220 ;;; G
 221    ("\e$(3$$\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#}\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$!\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$"\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$#\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$%\e(B")
 222          (?W "\e$(3%c\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%c\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%S\e(B")))
 223 ;;; H
 224    ("\e$(3!6\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!2\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!3\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!4\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!5\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!7\e(B")
 225          (?W "\e$(3!8\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!8\e(B")
 226                   (?e "\e$(3!6%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!6%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!6%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!6%q\e(B")))
 227 ;;; I
 228    ("\e$(3"h\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#:\e(B"))
 229 ;;; J
 230    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 231          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 232                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 233 ;;; K
 234    ("\e$(3#"\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"{\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"|\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"}\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"~\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#!\e(B") (?o "\e$(3##\e(B")
 235          (?W "\e$(3#*\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#%\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#'\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#(\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#)\e(B")))
 236 ;;; L
 237    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 238          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 239                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 240 ;;; M
 241    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 242          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 243          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 244 ;;; N
 245    ("\e$(3"`\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"[\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"\\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"]\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"_\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"a\e(B")
 246          (?W "\e$(3"b\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"b\e(B")
 247                   (?e "\e$(3"`%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"`%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"`%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"`%q\e(B")))
 248 ;;; O
 249    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 250 ;;; P
 251    ("\e$(3$<\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$7\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$8\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$9\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$:\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$;\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$=\e(B")
 252          (?W "\e$(3$>\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$>\e(B")
 253                   (?e "\e$(3$<%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$<%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$<%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$<%q\e(B")))
 254 ;;; Q
 255    ("\e$(3!v\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!s\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!t\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!u\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!w\e(B")
 256          (?W "\e$(3!~\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!{\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!|\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!}\e(B")))
 257 ;;; R
 258    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 259          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 260                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 261          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 262 ;;; S
 263    ("\e$(3$D\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$?\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$@\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$B\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$C\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$E\e(B")
 264          (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 265                   (?e "\e$(3$D%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$D%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$D%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$D%q\e(B"))
 266          (?2 "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 267              (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 268              (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 269                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B"))))
 270 ;;; T
 271    ("\e$(3$,\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$'\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$(\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$)\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$+\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$-\e(B")
 272          (?W "\e$(3$.\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$.\e(B")
 273                   (?e "\e$(3$,%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$,%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$,%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$,%q\e(B")))
 274 ;;; U
 275    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 276 ;;; V
 277    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 278          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 279                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 280 ;;; W
 281    ("\e$(3%r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B"))
 282 ;;; X
 283    ("\e$(3%N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%O\e(B"))
 284 ;;; Y
 285    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 286          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 287                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 288 ;;; Z
 289    ("\e$(3#J\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#E\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#F\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#G\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#H\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#I\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#K\e(B")
 290          (?W "\e$(3#L\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#L\e(B")
 291                   (?e "\e$(3#J%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#J%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#J%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#J%q\e(B")))
 292 ;;; [   \   ]   ^   _
 293    nil nil nil nil nil
 294 ;;; `
 295    (""
 296     (?: "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 297     (?? (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3%x\e(B" "\e$(3$n\e(B"))
 298     (?! "\e$(3%t\e(B")
 299     (?e "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?U "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#7\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#8\e(B") (?A "\e$(3#8\e(B")
 300         (?E "\e$(3#9\e(B") (?I "\e$(3#:\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#;\e(B") (?O "\e$(3#;\e(B")
 301     (?g "\e$(3%^\e(B"
 302         (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B"))
 303     (?h "\e$(3"H\e(B"
 304         (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 305                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B")))
 306     (?k "\e$(3%>\e(B"
 307         (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B"))
 308     (?s "\e$(3!F\e(B"
 309         (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 310         (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 311                    (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B")))
 312     (?S "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 313         (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 314         (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 315                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B")))
 316     (?q "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 317 ;;; a
 318    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 319 ;;; b
 320    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 321          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 322 ;;; c
 323    ("\e$(3"@\e(B" (?e "\e$(3";\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"<\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"=\e(B") (?a "\e$(3">\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"?\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"A\e(B")
 324          (?W "\e$(3"B\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"B\e(B")
 325                   (?e "\e$(3"@%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"@%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"@%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"@%q\e(B")))
 326 ;;; d
 327    ("\e$(3#Z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#U\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#V\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#W\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#X\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Y\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#[\e(B")
 328          (?W "\e$(3#\\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#\\e(B")
 329                   (?e "\e$(3#Z%o\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#Z%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#Z%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Z%q\e(B")))
 330 ;;; e
 331    ("\e$(3"c\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"j\e(B"))
 332 ;;; f
 333    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 334          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 335          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 336 ;;; g
 337    ("\e$(3#r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#m\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#s\e(B")
 338          (?W "\e$(3#z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#u\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#w\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#x\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#y\e(B"))
 339          (?2 "\e$(3%^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B")))
 340 ;;; h
 341    ("\e$(3!&\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!!\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!"\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!#\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!$\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!%\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!'\e(B")
 342          (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))
 343          (?2 "\e$(3"H\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 344                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))))
 345 ;;; i
 346    ("\e$(3"e\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#7\e(B"))
 347 ;;; j
 348    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 349          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 350                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 351 ;;; k
 352    ("\e$(3"p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"k\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"l\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"m\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"n\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"o\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"q\e(B")
 353          (?W "\e$(3"x\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"s\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"x\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"u\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"v\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"w\e(B"))
 354          (?2 "\e$(3%>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B")))
 355 ;;; l
 356    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 357          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 358                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 359 ;;; m
 360    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 361          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 362          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 363 ;;; n
 364    ("\e$(3"X\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"S\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"T\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"U\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"W\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"Y\e(B")
 365          (?W "\e$(3"Z\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"Z\e(B")
 366                   (?e "\e$(3"X%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"X%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"X%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"X%q\e(B")))
 367 ;;; o
 368    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 369 ;;; p
 370    ("\e$(3$\\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$W\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$X\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Y\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$Z\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$[\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$]\e(B")
 371          (?W "\e$(3%e\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%e\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%U\e(B")))
 372 ;;; q
 373    ("\e$(3!f\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!a\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!c\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!d\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!e\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!g\e(B")
 374          (?W "\e$(3!n\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!i\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!k\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!l\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!m\e(B"))
 375          (?2 "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 376 ;;; r
 377    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 378          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 379                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 380          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 381 ;;; s
 382    ("\e$(3!V\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!R\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!S\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!T\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!U\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!W\e(B")
 383          (?W "\e$(3!X\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!X\e(B")
 384                   (?e "\e$(3!V%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!V%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!V%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!V%q\e(B"))
 385          (?2 "\e$(3!F\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 386                   (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 387                            (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B"))))
 388 ;;; t
 389    ("\e$(3"8\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"4\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"6\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"7\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"9\e(B")
 390          (?W "\e$(3":\e(B" (?a "\e$(3":\e(B")
 391                   (?e "\e$(3"8%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"8%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"8%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"8%q\e(B")))
 392 ;;; u
 393    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 394 ;;; v
 395    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 396          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 397                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 398 ;;; w
 399    ("\e$(3#2\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#-\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#.\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#/\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#0\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#1\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#3\e(B")
 400          (?W "\e$(3%p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B")))
 401 ;;; x
 402    ("\e$(3!^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3![\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!_\e(B")
 403          (?W "\e$(3!`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!`\e(B")
 404                   (?e "\e$(3!^%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!^%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!^%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!^%q\e(B")))
 405 ;;; y
 406    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 407          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 408                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 409 ;;; z
 410    ("\e$(3#B\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#=\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#>\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#?\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#A\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#C\e(B")
 411          (?W "\e$(3#D\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#D\e(B")
 412                   (?e "\e$(3#B%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#B%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#B%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#B%q\e(B")))
 413 ;;; {   |   }   ~  DEL
 414    nil nil nil nil nil
 415    ])
 416
 417 ;;;###autoload
 418 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (beg end &optional secondary force)
 419   "Convert the characters in region from SERA to FIDEL.
 420 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary language
 421 and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 422
 423 If the 3rd parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, assume the region
 424 begins begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 425 language.
 426
 427 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, perform conversion
 428 even if the buffer is read-only.
 429
 430 See also the descriptions of the variables
 431 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 432 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 433
 434   (interactive "r\nP")
 435   (save-restriction
 436     (narrow-to-region beg end)
 437     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer secondary force)))
 438
 439 ;;;###autoload
 440 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer (&optional secondary force)
 441   "Convert the current buffer from SERA to FIDEL.
 442
 443 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 444 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 445
 446 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, assume the buffer
 447 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 448 language.
 449
 450 If the 2nd optional parametr FORCE is non-nil, perform conversion even if the
 451 buffer is read-only.
 452
 453 See also the descriptions of the variables
 454 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 455 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 456
 457   (interactive "P")
 458
 459   (if (and buffer-read-only
 460            (not force)
 461            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 462       (error ""))
 463
 464   (let ((ethio-primary-language ethio-primary-language)
 465         (ethio-secondary-language ethio-secondary-language)
 466         (ethio-use-colon-for-colon ethio-use-colon-for-colon)
 467         (ethio-use-three-dot-question ethio-use-three-dot-question)
 468         ;; The above four variables may be changed temporary
 469         ;; by tilde escapes during conversion.  So we bind them to other
 470         ;; variables but of the same names.
 471         (buffer-read-only nil)
 472         (case-fold-search nil)
 473         current-language
 474         next-language)
 475
 476     (setq current-language
 477           (if secondary
 478               ethio-secondary-language
 479             ethio-primary-language))
 480
 481     (goto-char (point-min))
 482
 483     (while (not (eobp))
 484       (setq next-language
 485             (cond
 486              ((eq current-language 'english)
 487               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))
 488              ((eq current-language 'amharic)
 489               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'amharic))
 490              ((eq current-language 'tigrigna)
 491               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'tigrigna))
 492              (t                         ; we don't know what to do
 493               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))))
 494
 495       (setq current-language
 496             (cond
 497
 498              ;; when language tag is explicitly specified
 499              ((not (eq next-language 'toggle))
 500               next-language)
 501
 502              ;; found a toggle in a primary language section
 503              ((eq current-language ethio-primary-language)
 504               ethio-secondary-language)
 505
 506              ;; found a toggle in a secondary, third, fourth, ...
 507              ;; language section
 508              (t
 509               ethio-primary-language))))
 510
 511     ;; If ethio-implicit-period-conversion is non-nil, the
 512     ;; Ethiopic dot "\e$(3%u\e(B" at the end of an Ethiopic sentence is
 513     ;; replaced with the Ethiopic full stop "\e$(3$i\e(B".
 514     (if ethio-implicit-period-conversion
 515         (progn
 516           (goto-char (point-min))
 517           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B\\([ \t]\\)"
 518                                     nil t)
 519             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B\\2"))
 520           (goto-char (point-min))
 521           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B$" nil t)
 522             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B"))))
 523
 524     ;; gemination
 525     (goto-char (point-min))
 526     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
 527       (compose-region
 528        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
 529        (point)))
 530     ))
 531
 532 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-english nil
 533   "Handle English section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 534 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 535 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol."
 536   (let ((new-language nil))
 537
 538     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 539       (cond
 540
 541        ;; if no more "\", nothing to do.
 542        ((not (search-forward "\\" nil 0)))
 543
 544        ;; hereafter point is put after a "\".
 545        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars
 546
 547        ;; "\\" :  leave the second "\"
 548        ((progn
 549           (delete-backward-char 1)
 550           (= (following-char) ?\\ ))
 551         (forward-char 1))
 552
 553        ;; "\ " :  delete the following " "
 554        ((= (following-char) 32)
 555         (delete-char 1)
 556         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 557
 558        ;; a language flag
 559        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 560
 561        ;; just a "\" :  not special sequence.
 562        (t
 563         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 564
 565     new-language))
 566
 567 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio (lang)
 568   "Handle Ethiopic section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 569 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 570 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol.
 571
 572 The parameter LANG (symbol, either `amharic' or `tigrigna') affects
 573 the conversion of \"a\"."
 574
 575   (let ((new-language nil)
 576         (verbatim nil)
 577         start table table2 ch)
 578
 579     (setcar (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ?a)
 580             (if (eq lang 'tigrigna) "\e$(3"f\e(B" "\e$(3"c\e(B"))
 581
 582     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 583       (setq ch (following-char))
 584       (cond
 585
 586        ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if in w3-mode
 587        ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
 588              sera-being-called-by-w3
 589              (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
 590         (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
 591                         nil 0))
 592
 593        ;; leave non-ASCII characters as they are
 594        ((>= ch 128)
 595         (forward-char 1))
 596
 597        ;; ethiopic digits
 598        ((looking-at "`[1-9][0-9]*")
 599         (delete-char 1)
 600         (ethio-convert-digit))
 601
 602        ;; if not seeing a "\", do sera to fidel conversion
 603        ((/= ch ?\\ )
 604         (setq start (point))
 605         (forward-char 1)
 606         (setq table (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ch))
 607         (while (setq table2 (cdr (assoc (following-char) table)))
 608           (setq table table2)
 609           (forward-char 1))
 610         (if (setq ch (car table))
 611             (progn
 612               (delete-region start (point))
 613               (if (stringp ch)
 614                   (insert ch)
 615                 (insert (eval ch))))))
 616
 617        ;; if control reaches here, we must be looking at a "\"
 618
 619        ;; verbatim mode
 620        (verbatim
 621         (if (looking-at "\\\\~! ?")
 622
 623             ;; "\~!" or "\~! ".  switch to non-verbatim mode
 624             (progn
 625               (replace-match "")
 626               (setq verbatim nil))
 627
 628           ;; "\" but not "\~!" nor "\~! ".  skip the current "\".
 629           (forward-char 1)))
 630
 631        ;; hereafter, non-verbatim mode and looking at a "\"
 632        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars.
 633
 634        ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
 635        ((progn
 636           (delete-char 1)
 637           (setq ch (following-char))
 638           (= ch 32))
 639         (delete-char 1)
 640         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 641
 642        ;; "\~!" or "\~! " : switch to verbatim mode
 643        ((looking-at "~! ?")
 644         (replace-match "")
 645         (setq verbatim t))
 646
 647        ;; a language flag
 648        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 649
 650        ;; "\~" but not "\~!" nor a language flag
 651        ((= ch ?~)
 652         (delete-char 1)
 653         (ethio-tilde-escape))
 654
 655        ;; ASCII punctuation escape.  skip
 656        ((looking-at "\\(,\\|\\.\\|;\\|:\\|'\\|`\\|\?\\|\\\\\\)+")
 657         (goto-char (match-end 0)))
 658
 659        ;; "\", but not special sequence
 660        (t
 661         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 662
 663     new-language))
 664
 665 (defun ethio-process-language-flag nil
 666   "Process a language flag of the form \"~lang\" or \"~lang1~lang2\".
 667
 668 If looking at \"~lang1~lang2\", set `ethio-primary-language' and
 669 `ethio-une-secondary-language' based on \"lang1\" and \"lang2\".
 670 Then delete the language flag \"~lang1~lang2\" from the buffer.
 671 Return value is the new primary language.
 672
 673 If looking at \"~lang\", delete that language flag \"~lang\" from the
 674 buffer and return that language.  In this case
 675 `ethio-primary-language' and `ethio-uni-secondary-language'
 676 are left unchanged.
 677
 678 If an unsupported language flag is found, just return nil without
 679 changing anything."
 680
 681   (let (lang1 lang2)
 682     (cond
 683
 684      ;; ~lang1~lang2
 685      ((and (looking-at
 686             "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 687            (setq lang1
 688                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 689                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
 690            (setq lang2
 691                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 692                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))))
 693       (setq ethio-primary-language lang1
 694             ethio-secondary-language lang2)
 695       (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
 696       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 697           (delete-char 1))
 698       ethio-primary-language)
 699
 700      ;; ~lang
 701      ((and (looking-at "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 702            (setq lang1
 703                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 704                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
 705       (delete-region (point) (match-end 1))
 706       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 707           (delete-char 1))
 708       lang1)
 709
 710      ;; otherwise
 711      (t
 712       nil))))
 713
 714 (defun ethio-tilde-escape nil
 715   "Handle a SERA tilde escape in Ethiopic section and delete it.
 716 Delete the escape even it is not recognised."
 717
 718   (let ((p (point)) command)
 719     (skip-chars-forward "^ \t\n\\\\")
 720     (setq command (buffer-substring p (point)))
 721     (delete-region p (point))
 722     (if (= (following-char) 32)
 723         (delete-char 1))
 724
 725     (cond
 726
 727      ;; \~-:
 728      ((string= command "-:")
 729       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon t))
 730
 731      ;; \~`:
 732      ((string= command "`:")
 733       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil))
 734
 735      ;; \~?
 736      ((string= command "?")
 737       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question nil))
 738
 739      ;; \~`|
 740      ((string= command "`|")
 741       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question t))
 742
 743      ;; \~e
 744      ((string= command "e")
 745       (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
 746
 747      ;; \~E
 748      ((string= command "E")
 749       (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
 750
 751      ;; \~a
 752      ((string= command "a")
 753       (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
 754
 755      ;; \~A
 756      ((string= command "A")
 757       (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
 758
 759      ;; \~X
 760      ((string= command "X")
 761       (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
 762
 763      ;; unsupported tilde escape
 764      (t
 765       nil))))
 766
 767 (defun ethio-flag-to-language (flag)
 768   (cond
 769    ((or (string= flag "en") (string= flag "eng")) 'english)
 770    ((or (string= flag "ti") (string= flag "tir")) 'tigrigna)
 771    ((or (string= flag "am") (string= flag "amh")) 'amharic)
 772    (t nil)))
 773
 774 (defun ethio-convert-digit nil
 775   "Convert Arabic digits to Ethiopic digits."
 776   (let (ch z)
 777     (while (and (>= (setq ch (following-char)) ?1)
 778                 (<= ch ?9))
 779       (delete-char 1)
 780
 781       ;; count up following zeros
 782       (setq z 0)
 783       (while (= (following-char) ?0)
 784         (delete-char 1)
 785         (setq z (1+ z)))
 786
 787       (cond
 788
 789        ;; first digit is 10, 20, ..., or 90
 790        ((= (mod z 2) 1)
 791         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$y\e(B ?\e$(3$z\e(B ?\e$(3${\e(B ?\e$(3$|\e(B ?\e$(3$}\e(B ?\e$(3$~\e(B ?\e$(3%!\e(B ?\e$(3%"\e(B ?\e$(3%#\e(B] (- ch ?1)))
 792         (setq z (1- z)))
 793
 794        ;; first digit is 2, 3, ..., or 9
 795        ((/= ch ?1)
 796         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$q\e(B ?\e$(3$r\e(B ?\e$(3$s\e(B ?\e$(3$t\e(B ?\e$(3$u\e(B ?\e$(3$v\e(B ?\e$(3$w\e(B ?\e$(3$x\e(B] (- ch ?2))))
 797
 798        ;; single 1
 799        ((= z 0)
 800         (insert "\e$(3$p\e(B")))
 801
 802       ;; 100
 803       (if (= (mod z 4) 2)
 804           (insert "\e$(3%$\e(B"))
 805
 806       ;; 10000
 807       (insert-char ?\e$(3%%\e(B (/ z 4)))))
 808
 809 ;;;###autoload
 810 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
 811   "Execute ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail or ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker depending on the current major mode.
 812 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
 813
 814   (interactive "P")
 815   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 816           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
 817       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (prefix-numeric-value arg))
 818     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker arg)))
 819
 820 ;;;###autoload
 821 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (&optional arg)
 822   "Convert SERA to FIDEL to read/write mail and news.
 823
 824 If the buffer contains the markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\",
 825 convert the segments between them into FIDEL.
 826
 827 If invoked interactively and there is no marker, convert the subject field
 828 and the body into FIDEL using `ethio-sera-to-fidel-region'."
 829
 830   (interactive "p")
 831   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
 832         border)
 833     (save-excursion
 834
 835       ;; look for the header-body separator
 836       (goto-char (point-min))
 837       (if (search-forward
 838            (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 839                "\n\n" (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
 840            nil t)
 841           (setq border (point))
 842         (error "header separator not found"))
 843
 844       ;; note that the point is placed at the border
 845       (if (or (re-search-forward "^<sera>$" nil t)
 846               (progn
 847                 (goto-char (point-min))
 848                 (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)))
 849
 850           ;; there are markers
 851           (progn
 852             ;; we start with the body so that the border will not change
 853             ;; use "^<sera>\n" instead of "^<sera>$" not to leave a blank line
 854             (goto-char border)
 855             (while (re-search-forward "^<sera>\n" nil t)
 856               (replace-match "")
 857               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 858                (point)
 859                (progn
 860                  (if (re-search-forward "^</sera>\n" nil 0)
 861                      (replace-match ""))
 862                  (point))))
 863             ;; now process the subject
 864             (goto-char (point-min))
 865             (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)
 866                 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 867                  (progn (delete-backward-char 6) (point))
 868                  (progn
 869                    (if (re-search-forward "</sera>$" (line-end-position) 0)
 870                        (replace-match ""))
 871                    (point)))))
 872
 873         ;; in case there are no marks but invoked interactively
 874         (if arg
 875             (progn
 876               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region border (point-max))
 877               (goto-char (point-min))
 878               (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
 879                   (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (point) (line-end-position))))))
 880
 881       ;; adjust the rmail marker
 882       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 883           (set-marker
 884            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
 885            (point-max))))))
 886
 887 ;;;###autoload
 888 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker (&optional force)
 889   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from SERA to FIDEL.
 890 Assume that each region begins with `ethio-primary-language'.
 891 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
 892   (interactive "P")
 893   (if (and buffer-read-only
 894            (not force)
 895            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 896       (error ""))
 897   (save-excursion
 898     (goto-char (point-min))
 899     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
 900       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 901        (point)
 902        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
 903            (match-beginning 0)
 904          (point-max))
 905        nil
 906        'force))))
 907
 908 ;;
 909 ;; FIDEL to SERA
 910 ;;
 911
 912 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-sera-map
 913  [ "he"  "hu"  "hi"  "ha"  "hE"  "h"  "ho"    ""       ;;   0 - 7
 914    "le"  "lu"  "li"  "la"  "lE"  "l"  "lo"  "lWa"      ;;   8
 915    "He"  "Hu"  "Hi"  "Ha"  "HE"  "H"  "Ho"  "HWa"      ;;  16
 916    "me"  "mu"  "mi"  "ma"  "mE"  "m"  "mo"  "mWa"      ;;  24
 917   "`se" "`su" "`si" "`sa" "`sE" "`s" "`so" "`sWa"      ;;  32
 918    "re"  "ru"  "ri"  "ra"  "rE"  "r"  "ro"  "rWa"      ;;  40
 919    "se"  "su"  "si"  "sa"  "sE"  "s"  "so"  "sWa"      ;;  48
 920    "xe"  "xu"  "xi"  "xa"  "xE"  "x"  "xo"  "xWa"      ;;  56
 921    "qe"  "qu"  "qi"  "qa"  "qE"  "q"  "qo"    ""       ;;  64
 922   "qWe"   ""  "qWi" "qWa" "qWE"  "qW'" ""     ""       ;;  72
 923    "Qe"  "Qu"  "Qi"  "Qa"  "QE"  "Q"  "Qo"    ""       ;;  80
 924   "QWe"   ""  "QWi" "QWa" "QWE"  "QW'" ""     ""       ;;  88
 925    "be"  "bu"  "bi"  "ba"  "bE"  "b"  "bo"  "bWa"      ;;  96
 926    "ve"  "vu"  "vi"  "va"  "vE"  "v"  "vo"  "vWa"      ;; 104
 927    "te"  "tu"  "ti"  "ta"  "tE"  "t"  "to"  "tWa"      ;; 112
 928    "ce"  "cu"  "ci"  "ca"  "cE"  "c"  "co"  "cWa"      ;; 120
 929   "`he" "`hu" "`hi" "`ha" "`hE" "`h" "`ho"    ""       ;; 128
 930   "hWe"   ""  "hWi" "hWa"  "hWE" "hW'" ""     ""       ;; 136
 931    "ne"  "nu"  "ni"  "na"  "nE"  "n"  "no"  "nWa"      ;; 144
 932    "Ne"  "Nu"  "Ni"  "Na"  "NE"  "N"  "No"  "NWa"      ;; 152
 933     "e"   "u"   "i"   "A"   "E"  "I"   "o"   "ea"      ;; 160
 934    "ke"  "ku"  "ki"  "ka"  "kE"  "k"  "ko"    ""       ;; 168
 935   "kWe"   ""  "kWi" "kWa" "kWE"  "kW'" ""     ""       ;; 176
 936    "Ke"  "Ku"  "Ki"  "Ka"  "KE"  "K"  "Ko"    ""       ;; 184
 937   "KWe"   ""  "KWi" "KWa" "KWE"  "KW'" ""     ""       ;; 192
 938    "we"  "wu"  "wi"  "wa"  "wE"  "w"  "wo"    ""       ;; 200
 939    "`e"  "`u"  "`i"  "`a"  "`E" "`I"  "`o"    ""       ;; 208
 940    "ze"  "zu"  "zi"  "za"  "zE"  "z"  "zo"  "zWa"      ;; 216
 941    "Ze"  "Zu"  "Zi"  "Za"  "ZE"  "Z"  "Zo"  "ZWa"      ;; 224
 942    "ye"  "yu"  "yi"  "ya"  "yE"  "y"  "yo"  "yWa"      ;; 232
 943    "de"  "du"  "di"  "da"  "dE"  "d"  "do"  "dWa"      ;; 240
 944    "De"  "Du"  "Di"  "Da"  "DE"  "D"  "Do"  "DWa"      ;; 248
 945    "je"  "ju"  "ji"  "ja"  "jE"  "j"  "jo"  "jWa"      ;; 256
 946    "ge"  "gu"  "gi"  "ga"  "gE"  "g"  "go"    ""       ;; 264
 947   "gWe"   ""  "gWi" "gWa" "gWE" "gW'"  ""     ""       ;; 272
 948    "Ge"  "Gu"  "Gi"  "Ga"  "GE"  "G"  "Go"  "GWa"      ;; 280
 949    "Te"  "Tu"  "Ti"  "Ta"  "TE"  "T"  "To"  "TWa"      ;; 288
 950    "Ce"  "Cu"  "Ci"  "Ca"  "CE"  "C"  "Co"  "CWa"      ;; 296
 951    "Pe"  "Pu"  "Pi"  "Pa"  "PE"  "P"  "Po"  "PWa"      ;; 304
 952    "Se"  "Su"  "Si"  "Sa"  "SE"  "S"  "So"  "SWa"      ;; 312
 953   "`Se" "`Su" "`Si" "`Sa" "`SE" "`S" "`So"    ""       ;; 320
 954    "fe"  "fu"  "fi"  "fa"  "fE"  "f"  "fo"  "fWa"      ;; 328
 955    "pe"  "pu"  "pi"  "pa"  "pE"  "p"  "po"  "pWa"      ;; 336
 956   "mYa" "rYa" "fYa"   ""    ""   ""    ""     ""       ;; 344
 957    " "  " : "  "::"  ","   ";"  "-:"  ":-"   "`?"      ;; 352
 958   ":|:"  "1"   "2"   "3"   "4"   "5"   "6"   "7"       ;; 360
 959    "8"   "9"   "10"  "20"  "30"  "40" "50"   "60"      ;; 368
 960    "70"  "80"  "90" "100" "10000" ""   ""     ""       ;; 376
 961   "`qe" "`qu" "`qi" "`qa" "`qE" "`q" "`qo"    ""       ;; 384
 962   "mWe" "bWe" "GWe" "fWe" "pWe"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 392
 963   "`ke" "`ku" "`ki" "`ka" "`kE" "`k" "`ko"    ""       ;; 400
 964   "mWi" "bWi" "GWi" "fWi" "pWi"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 408
 965    "Xe"  "Xu"  "Xi"  "Xa"  "XE"  "X"  "Xo"    ""       ;; 416
 966   "mWE" "bWE" "GWE" "fWE" "pWE"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 424
 967   "`ge" "`gu" "`gi" "`ga" "`gE" "`g" "`go"    ""       ;; 432
 968   "mW'" "bW'" "GW'" "fW'" "pW'"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 440
 969   "\\~X " "\\~e " "\\~E " "\\~a " "\\~A " "wWe" "wWi" "wWa" ;; 448
 970   "wWE" "wW'"  "''"  "`!"  "."  "<<"  ">>"   "?" ])    ;; 456
 971
 972 (defun ethio-prefer-amharic-p nil
 973   (or (eq ethio-primary-language 'amharic)
 974       (and (not (eq ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna))
 975            (eq ethio-secondary-language 'amharic))))
 976
 977 (defun ethio-language-to-flag (lang)
 978   (cond
 979    ((eq lang 'english) "eng")
 980    ((eq lang 'tigrigna) "tir")
 981    ((eq lang 'amharic) "amh")
 982    (t "")))
 983
 984 ;;;###autoload
 985 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-region (begin end &optional secondary force)
 986   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the region to the SERA format.
 987 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 988 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 989
 990 If the 3dr parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, try to convert
 991 the region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with
 992 the primary language.
 993
 994 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, convert even if the
 995 buffer is read-only.
 996
 997 See also the descriptions of the variables
 998 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
 999 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1000
1001   (interactive "r\nP")
1002   (save-restriction
1003     (narrow-to-region begin end)
1004     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer secondary force)))
1005
1006 ;;;###autoload
1007 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer (&optional secondary force)
1008   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the current buffer to the SERA format.
1009 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
1010 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
1011
1012 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, try to convert the
1013 region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with the
1014 primary language.
1015
1016 If the 2nd optional parameter FORCE is non-nil, convert even if the
1017 buffer is read-only.
1018
1019 See also the descriptions of the variables
1020 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
1021 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
1022
1023   (interactive "P")
1024   (if (and buffer-read-only
1025            (not force)
1026            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1027       (error ""))
1028
1029   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1030         (case-fold-search nil)
1031         (lonec nil) ;; t means previous char was a lone consonant
1032         (fidel nil) ;; t means previous char was a FIDEL
1033         (digit nil) ;; t means previous char was an Ethiopic digit
1034         (flag (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir "))
1035         mode ch)
1036
1037     ;; user's preference in transcription
1038     (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon
1039         (progn
1040           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 "`:")
1041           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 ":"))
1042       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 " : ")
1043       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 "-:"))
1044
1045     (if ethio-use-three-dot-question
1046         (progn
1047           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "?")
1048           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "`?"))
1049       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "`?")
1050       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "?"))
1051
1052     (mapcar
1053      '(lambda (x)
1054         (aset (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map x)
1055               2
1056               (if ethio-W-sixth-always ?' ?u)))
1057      '(77 93 141 181 197 277 440 441 442 443 444 457))
1058
1059     (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1060         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "a")
1061       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "e"))
1062     ;; end of user's preference
1063
1064     ;; first, decompose geminated characters
1065     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1066
1067     ;; main conversion routine
1068     (goto-char (point-min))
1069     (while (not (eobp))
1070       (setq ch (following-char))
1071
1072       (cond                             ; ethiopic, english, neutral
1073
1074        ;; ethiopic character.  must go to ethiopic mode, if not in it.
1075        ((eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1076         (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch))
1077         (delete-char 1)
1078         (if (not (eq mode 'ethiopic))
1079             (progn
1080               (insert flag)
1081               (setq mode 'ethiopic)))
1082
1083         (cond                           ; fidel, punc, digit
1084
1085          ;; fidels
1086          ((or (<= ch 346)               ;  he - fYa
1087               (and (>= ch 384) (<= ch 444)) ; `qe - pw
1088               (and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))) ; wWe - wW
1089           (if (and (memq ch '(160 161 162 163 164 166 167)) ; (e - ea)
1090                    (or lonec
1091                        (and ethio-quote-vowel-always
1092                             fidel)))
1093               (insert "'"))
1094           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1095           (setq lonec (ethio-lone-consonant-p ch)
1096                 fidel t
1097                 digit nil))
1098
1099          ;; punctuations or icons
1100          ((or (and (>= ch 353) (<= ch 360)) ;  : - :|:
1101               (>= ch 458)               ;  '' -  ?
1102               (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452))) ;  \~X \~e \~E \~a \~A
1103           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1104           (setq lonec nil
1105                 fidel nil
1106                 digit nil))
1107
1108          ;; now CH must be an ethiopic digit
1109
1110          ;; reduction = 0 or not preceded by Ethiopic number(s)
1111          ((or (= ethio-numeric-reduction 0)
1112               (not digit))
1113           (insert "`" (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1114           (setq lonec nil
1115                 fidel nil
1116                 digit t))
1117
1118          ;; reduction = 2 and following 10s, 100s, 10000s
1119          ((and (= ethio-numeric-reduction 2)
1120                (memq ch '(370 379 380)))
1121           (insert (substring (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch) 1))
1122           (setq lonec nil
1123                 fidel nil
1124                 digit t))
1125
1126          ;; ordinary following digits
1127          (t
1128           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1129           (setq lonec nil
1130                 fidel nil
1131                 digit t))))
1132
1133        ;; english character.  must go to english mode, if not in it.
1134        ((or (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?z))
1135             (and (>= ch ?A) (<= ch ?Z)))
1136         (if (not (eq mode 'english))
1137             (insert "\\~eng "))
1138         (forward-char 1)
1139         (setq mode 'english
1140               lonec nil
1141               fidel nil
1142               digit nil))
1143
1144        ;; ch can appear both in ethiopic section and in english section.
1145        (t
1146
1147         ;; we must decide the mode, if not decided yet
1148         (if (null mode)
1149             (progn
1150               (setq mode
1151                     (if secondary
1152                         ethio-secondary-language
1153                       ethio-primary-language))
1154               (if (eq mode 'english)
1155                   (insert "\\~eng ")
1156                 (insert flag)
1157                 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))) ; tigrigna & amharic --> ethiopic
1158
1159         (cond                           ; \ , eng-mode , punc , w3 , other
1160
1161          ;; backslash is always quoted
1162          ((= ch ?\\ )
1163           (insert "\\")
1164           (forward-char 1))
1165
1166          ;; nothing to do if in english mode
1167          ((eq mode 'english)
1168           (forward-char 1))
1169
1170          ;; now we must be in ethiopic mode and seeing a non-"\"
1171
1172          ;; ascii punctuations in ethiopic mode
1173          ((looking-at "[,.;:'`?]+")
1174           (insert "\\")
1175           (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))) ; because we inserted one byte (\)
1176
1177          ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if called from w3
1178          ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
1179                sera-being-called-by-w3
1180                (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
1181           (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
1182                           nil 0))
1183
1184          ;; neutral character.  no need to quote.  just skip it.
1185          (t
1186           (forward-char 1)))
1187
1188         (setq lonec nil
1189               fidel nil
1190               digit nil)))
1191     ;; end of main conversion routine
1192     )))
1193
1194 (defun ethio-lone-consonant-p (ethiocode)
1195   "If ETHIOCODE is an Ethiopic lone consonant, return t."
1196   (or (and (< ethiocode 344) (= (% ethiocode 8) 5))
1197
1198       ;;                     `q  `k   X  `g  mW  bW  GW  fW  pW  wW
1199       (memq ethiocode '(389 405 421 437 440 441 442 443 444 457))))
1200
1201 ;;;###autoload
1202 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
1203   "Execute ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail or ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker depending on the current major mode.
1204 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
1205
1206   (interactive "P")
1207   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1208           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
1209       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
1210     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker arg)))
1211
1212 ;;;###autoload
1213 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail nil
1214   "Convert FIDEL to SERA to read/write mail and news.
1215
1216 If the body contains at least one Ethiopic character,
1217  1) insert the string \"<sera>\" at the beginning of the body,
1218  2) insert \"</sera>\" at the end of the body, and
1219  3) convert the body into SERA.
1220
1221 The very same procedure applies to the subject field, too."
1222
1223   (interactive)
1224   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1225         border)
1226     (save-excursion
1227
1228       ;; look for the header-body separator
1229       (goto-char (point-min))
1230       (if (search-forward
1231            (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1232                "\n\n" (concat "\n" mail-header-separator "\n"))
1233            nil t)
1234           (setq border (point))
1235         (error "header separator not found"))
1236
1237       ;; process body first not to change the border
1238       ;; note that the point is already at the border
1239       (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1240           (progn
1241             (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region border (point-max))
1242             (goto-char border)
1243             (insert "<sera>")
1244             (goto-char (point-max))
1245             (insert "</sera>")))
1246
1247       ;; process subject
1248       (goto-char (point-min))
1249       (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
1250           (let ((beg (point))
1251                 (end (line-end-position)))
1252             (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" end t)
1253                 (progn
1254                   (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region beg end)
1255                   (goto-char beg)
1256                   (insert "<sera>")
1257                   (end-of-line)
1258                   (insert "</sera>")))))
1259
1260       ;; adjust the rmail marker
1261       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1262           (set-marker
1263            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
1264            (point-max))))))
1265
1266 ;;;###autoload
1267 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker (&optional force)
1268   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from FIDEL to SERA.
1269 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
1270
1271   (interactive "P")
1272   (if (and buffer-read-only
1273            (not force)
1274            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1275       (error ""))
1276   (save-excursion
1277     (goto-char (point-min))
1278     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1279       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region
1280        (point)
1281        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
1282            (match-beginning 0)
1283          (point-max))
1284        nil
1285        'force))))
1286
1287 ;;
1288 ;; vowel modification
1289 ;;
1290
1291 ;;;###autoload
1292 (defun ethio-modify-vowel nil
1293   "Modify the vowel of the FIDEL that is under the cursor."
1294   (interactive)
1295   (let ((ch (following-char))
1296         (composite nil)                 ; geminated or not
1297         newch base vowel modulo)
1298
1299     (cond
1300      ;; in case of gemination
1301      ((eq (char-charset ch) 'composition)
1302       (setq ch (string-to-char (decompose-composite-char ch))
1303             composite t))
1304      ;; neither gemination nor fidel
1305      ((not (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic))
1306       (error "Not a valid character.")))
1307
1308     ;; set frequently referred character features
1309     (setq ch     (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch)
1310           base   (* (/ ch 8) 8)
1311           modulo (% ch 8))
1312
1313     (if (or (and (>= ch 344) (<= ch 380)) ;; mYa - `10000
1314             (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452)) ;; \~X - \~A
1315             (>= ch 458))                  ;; private punctuations
1316         (error "Not a valid character."))
1317
1318     (setq
1319      newch
1320      (cond
1321
1322       ;; first standalone vowels
1323       ((= base 160)
1324        (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1325            (message "Modify vowel to: [auiAEIoW\"] ")
1326          (message "Modify vowel to: [euiAEIoW\"] "))
1327        (setq vowel (read-char))
1328        (cond
1329         ((= vowel ?e) 160)
1330         ((= vowel ?u) 161)
1331         ((= vowel ?i) 162)
1332         ((= vowel ?A) 163)
1333         ((= vowel ?E) 164)
1334         ((= vowel ?I) 165)
1335         ((= vowel ?o) 166)
1336         ((= vowel ?W) 167)
1337         ((= vowel ?a) (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) 160 163))
1338         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1339         (t nil)))
1340
1341       ;; second standalone vowels
1342       ((= base 208)
1343        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaEIo\"] ")
1344        (setq vowel (read-char))
1345        (cond
1346         ((= vowel ?e) 208)
1347         ((= vowel ?u) 209)
1348         ((= vowel ?i) 210)
1349         ((= vowel ?a) 211)
1350         ((= vowel ?E) 212)
1351         ((= vowel ?I) 213)
1352         ((= vowel ?o) 214)
1353         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1354         (t nil)))
1355
1356       ;; 12-form consonants, *W* form
1357       ((memq base '(72 88 136 176 192 272)) ; qW QW hW kW KW gW
1358        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1359        (setq vowel (read-char))
1360        (cond
1361         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1362         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 5))
1363         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1364         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1365         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1366         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1367         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1368         (t nil)))
1369
1370       ;; extended 12-form consonants, mWa bWa GWa fWa pWa
1371       ((= ch 31)                        ; mWa
1372        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1373        (setq vowel (read-char))
1374        (cond
1375         ((= vowel ?e) 392)
1376         ((= vowel ?u) 440)
1377         ((= vowel ?i) 408)
1378         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1379         ((= vowel ?E) 424)
1380         ((= vowel ?') 440)
1381         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1382         (t nil)))
1383       ((= ch 103)                       ; bWa
1384        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1385        (setq vowel (read-char))
1386        (cond
1387         ((= vowel ?e) 393)
1388         ((= vowel ?u) 441)
1389         ((= vowel ?i) 409)
1390         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1391         ((= vowel ?E) 425)
1392         ((= vowel ?') 441)
1393         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1394         (t nil)))
1395       ((= ch 287)                       ; GWa
1396        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1397        (setq vowel (read-char))
1398        (cond
1399         ((= vowel ?e) 394)
1400         ((= vowel ?u) 442)
1401         ((= vowel ?i) 410)
1402         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1403         ((= vowel ?E) 426)
1404         ((= vowel ?') 442)
1405         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1406         (t nil)))
1407       ((= ch 335)                       ; fWa
1408        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1409        (setq vowel (read-char))
1410        (cond
1411         ((= vowel ?e) 395)
1412         ((= vowel ?u) 443)
1413         ((= vowel ?i) 411)
1414         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1415         ((= vowel ?E) 427)
1416         ((= vowel ?') 443)
1417         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1418         (t nil)))
1419       ((= ch 343)                       ; pWa
1420        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1421        (setq vowel (read-char))
1422        (cond
1423         ((= vowel ?e) 396)
1424         ((= vowel ?u) 444)
1425         ((= vowel ?i) 412)
1426         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1427         ((= vowel ?E) 428)
1428         ((= vowel ?') 444)
1429         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1430         (t nil)))
1431
1432       ;; extended 12-form consonatns, mW* bW* GW* fW* pW*
1433       ((memq base '(392 408 424 440))   ; *We *Wi *WE *W
1434        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiEau'\"] ")
1435        (setq vowel (read-char))
1436        (cond
1437         ((= vowel ?e) (+ 392 modulo))
1438         ((= vowel ?i) (+ 408 modulo))
1439         ((= vowel ?E) (+ 424 modulo))
1440         ((= vowel ?a) (cond
1441                        ((= modulo 0)  31) ; mWa
1442                        ((= modulo 1) 103) ; bWa
1443                        ((= modulo 2) 287) ; GWa
1444                        ((= modulo 3) 335) ; fWa
1445                        ((= modulo 4) 343) ; pWa
1446                        (t nil)))        ; never reach here
1447         ((= vowel ?') (+ 440 modulo))
1448         ((= vowel ?u) (+ 440 modulo))
1449         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1450         (t nil)))
1451
1452       ((and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))    ; wWe wWi wWa wWE wW
1453        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiaE'u\"] ")
1454        (setq vowel (read-char))
1455        (cond
1456         ((= vowel ?e) 453)
1457         ((= vowel ?i) 454)
1458         ((= vowel ?a) 455)
1459         ((= vowel ?E) 456)
1460         ((= vowel ?') 457)
1461         ((= vowel ?u) 457)
1462         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1463         (t nil)))
1464
1465       ;; 7-form consonants, or
1466       ;; first 7 of 8-form consonants
1467       ((<= modulo 6)
1468        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'o\"] ")
1469        (setq vowel (read-char))
1470        (cond
1471         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1472         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 1))
1473         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1474         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1475         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1476         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1477         ((= vowel ?o) (+ base 6))
1478         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1479         (t nil)))
1480
1481       ;; otherwise
1482       (t
1483        nil)))
1484
1485     (cond
1486
1487      ;; could not get new character
1488      ((null newch)
1489       (error "Invalid vowel"))
1490
1491      ;; vowel changed on a composite Fidel
1492      (composite
1493       (delete-char 1)
1494       (insert
1495        (compose-string
1496         (concat (char-to-string (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))        "\e$(3%s\e(B"))))
1497
1498      ;; simple vowel modification
1499      (t
1500       (delete-char 1)
1501       (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))))))
1502
1503 (defun ethio-ethiocode-to-char (ethiocode)
1504   (make-char
1505    'ethiopic
1506    (+ (/ ethiocode 94) 33)
1507    (+ (mod ethiocode 94) 33)))
1508
1509 (defun ethio-char-to-ethiocode (ch)
1510   (and (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1511        (let ((char-components (split-char ch)))
1512          (+ (* (- (nth 1 char-components) 33) 94)
1513             (- (nth 2 char-components) 33)))))
1514
1515 ;;
1516 ;; space replacement
1517 ;;
1518
1519 ;;;###autoload
1520 (defun ethio-replace-space (ch begin end)
1521   "Replace ASCII spaces with Ethiopic word separators in the region.
1522
1523 In the specified region, replace word separators surrounded by two
1524 Ethiopic characters, depending on the first parameter CH, which should
1525 be 1, 2, or 3.
1526
1527 If CH = 1, word separator will be replaced with an ASCII space.
1528 If CH = 2, with two ASCII spaces.
1529 If CH = 3, with the Ethiopic colon-like word separator.
1530
1531 The second and third parameters BEGIN and END specify the region."
1532
1533   (interactive "*cReplace spaces to: 1 (sg col), 2 (dbl col), 3 (Ethiopic)\nr")
1534   (if (not (memq ch '(?1 ?2 ?3)))
1535       (error ""))
1536   (save-excursion
1537     (save-restriction
1538       (narrow-to-region begin end)
1539
1540       (cond
1541        ((= ch ?1)
1542         ;; an Ethiopic word separator --> an ASCII space
1543         (goto-char (point-min))
1544         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1545           (replace-match " " nil t))
1546
1547         ;; two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters --> an ASCII space
1548         (goto-char (point-min))
1549         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1550           (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1551           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1552
1553        ((= ch ?2)
1554         ;; An Ethiopic word separator --> two ASCII spaces
1555         (goto-char (point-min))
1556         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1557           (replace-match "  "))
1558
1559         ;; An ASCII space between Ethiopic characters --> two ASCII spaces
1560         (goto-char (point-min))
1561         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1562           (replace-match "\\1  \\2")
1563           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1564
1565        (t
1566         ;; One or two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1567         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator
1568         (goto-char (point-min))
1569         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  ?\\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1570           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1571           (goto-char (match-beginning 2)))
1572
1573         ;; Three or more ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1574         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator + (N - 2) ASCII spaces
1575         (goto-char (point-min))
1576         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\( *\\ce\\)" nil t)
1577           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1578           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))))))
1579
1580 ;;
1581 ;; special icons
1582 ;;
1583
1584 ;;;###autoload
1585 (defun ethio-input-special-character (arg)
1586   "Allow the user to input special characters."
1587   (interactive "*cInput number: 1.\e$(3%j\e(B  2.\e$(3%k\e(B  3.\e$(3%l\e(B  4.\e$(3%m\e(B  5.\e$(3%i\e(B")
1588   (cond
1589    ((= arg ?1)
1590     (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
1591    ((= arg ?2)
1592     (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
1593    ((= arg ?3)
1594     (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
1595    ((= arg ?4)
1596     (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
1597    ((= arg ?5)
1598     (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
1599    (t
1600     (error ""))))
1601
1602 ;;
1603 ;; TeX support
1604 ;;
1605
1606 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1607  [ "heG"  "huG"  "hiG"  "haG"  "hEG"   "hG"  "hoG"      ""     ;;   0 - 7
1608    "leG"  "luG"  "liG"  "laG"  "lEG"   "lG"  "loG"  "lWaG"     ;;   8
1609    "HeG"  "HuG"  "HiG"  "HaG"  "HEG"   "HG"  "HoG"  "HWaG"     ;;  16
1610    "meG"  "muG"  "miG"  "maG"  "mEG"   "mG"  "moG"  "mWaG"     ;;  24
1611   "sseG" "ssuG" "ssiG" "ssaG" "ssEG"  "ssG" "ssoG" "ssWaG"     ;;  32
1612    "reG"  "ruG"  "riG"  "raG"  "rEG"   "rG"  "roG"  "rWaG"     ;;  40
1613    "seG"  "suG"  "siG"  "saG"  "sEG"   "sG"  "soG"  "sWaG"     ;;  48
1614    "xeG"  "xuG"  "xiG"  "xaG"  "xEG"   "xG"  "xoG"  "xWaG"     ;;  56
1615    "qeG"  "quG"  "qiG"  "qaG"  "qEG"   "qG"  "qoG"      ""     ;;  64
1616   "qWeG"     "" "qWiG" "qWaG" "qWEG"  "qWG"     ""      ""     ;;  72
1617    "QeG"  "QuG"  "QiG"  "QaG"  "QEG"   "QG"  "QoG"      ""     ;;  80
1618   "QWeG"     "" "QWiG" "QWaG" "QWEG"  "QWG"     ""      ""     ;;  88
1619    "beG"  "buG"  "biG"  "baG"  "bEG"   "bG"  "boG"  "bWaG"     ;;  96
1620    "veG"  "vuG"  "viG"  "vaG"  "vEG"   "vG"  "voG"  "vWaG"     ;; 104
1621    "teG"  "tuG"  "tiG"  "taG"  "tEG"   "tG"  "toG"  "tWaG"     ;; 112
1622    "ceG"  "cuG"  "ciG"  "caG"  "cEG"   "cG"  "coG"  "cWaG"     ;; 120
1623   "hheG" "hhuG" "hhiG" "hhaG" "hhEG"  "hhG" "hhoG"      ""     ;; 128
1624   "hWeG"     "" "hWiG" "hWaG" "hWEG"  "hWG"     ""      ""     ;; 136
1625    "neG"  "nuG"  "niG"  "naG"  "nEG"   "nG"  "noG"  "nWaG"     ;; 144
1626    "NeG"  "NuG"  "NiG"  "NaG"  "NEG"   "NG"  "NoG"  "NWaG"     ;; 152
1627     "eG"   "uG"   "iG"   "AG"   "EG"   "IG"   "oG"   "eaG"     ;; 160
1628    "keG"  "kuG"  "kiG"  "kaG"  "kEG"   "kG"  "koG"      ""     ;; 168
1629   "kWeG"     "" "kWiG" "kWaG" "kWEG"  "kWG"     ""      ""     ;; 176
1630    "KeG"  "KuG"  "KiG"  "KaG"  "KEG"   "KG"  "KoG"      ""     ;; 184
1631   "KWeG"     "" "KWiG" "KWaG" "KWEG"  "KWG"     ""      ""     ;; 192
1632    "weG"  "wuG"  "wiG"  "waG"  "wEG"   "wG"  "woG"      ""     ;; 200
1633    "eeG"  "uuG"  "iiG"  "aaG"  "EEG"  "IIG"  "ooG"      ""     ;; 208
1634    "zeG"  "zuG"  "ziG"  "zaG"  "zEG"   "zG"  "zoG"  "zWaG"     ;; 216
1635    "ZeG"  "ZuG"  "ZiG"  "ZaG"  "ZEG"   "ZG"  "ZoG"  "ZWaG"     ;; 224
1636    "yeG"  "yuG"  "yiG"  "yaG"  "yEG"   "yG"  "yoG"  "yWaG"     ;; 232
1637    "deG"  "duG"  "diG"  "daG"  "dEG"   "dG" "doG"   "dWaG"     ;; 240
1638    "DeG"  "DuG"  "DiG"  "DaG"  "DEG"   "DG"  "DoG"  "DWaG"     ;; 248
1639    "jeG"  "juG"  "jiG"  "jaG"  "jEG"   "jG"  "joG"  "jWaG"     ;; 256
1640    "geG"  "guG"  "giG"  "gaG"  "gEG"   "gG"  "goG"     ""      ;; 264
1641   "gWeG"     "" "gWiG" "gWaG" "gWEG"  "gWG"     ""     ""      ;; 272
1642    "GeG"  "GuG"  "GiG"  "GaG"  "GEG"   "GG"  "GoG"  "GWaG"     ;; 280
1643    "TeG"  "TuG"  "TiG"  "TaG"  "TEG"   "TG"  "ToG"  "TWaG"     ;; 288
1644    "CeG"  "CuG"  "CiG"  "CaG"  "CEG"   "CG"  "CoG"  "CWaG"     ;; 296
1645    "PeG"  "PuG"  "PiG"  "PaG"  "PEG"   "PG"  "PoG"  "PWaG"     ;; 304
1646    "SeG"  "SuG"  "SiG"  "SaG"  "SEG"   "SG"  "SoG"  "SWaG"     ;; 312
1647   "SSeG" "SSuG" "SSiG" "SSaG" "SSEG"  "SSG" "SSoG"      ""     ;; 320
1648    "feG"  "fuG"  "fiG"  "faG"  "fEG"   "fG"  "foG"  "fWaG"     ;; 328
1649    "peG"  "puG"  "piG"  "paG"  "pEG"   "pG"  "poG"  "pWaG"     ;; 336
1650   "mYaG" "rYaG" "fYaG"     ""     ""     ""     ""      ""     ;; 344
1651       "" "spaceG" "periodG" "commaG"                           ;; 352
1652   "semicolonG" "colonG" "precolonG" "oldqmarkG"                ;; 356
1653   "pbreakG" "andG" "huletG" "sostG" "aratG" "amstG" "sadstG" "sabatG"  ;; 360
1654   "smntG" "zeteNG" "asrG" "heyaG" "selasaG" "arbaG" "hemsaG" "slsaG"   ;; 368
1655   "sebaG" "semanyaG" "zeTanaG" "metoG" "asrxiG" "" "" ""               ;; 376
1656   "qqeG" "qquG" "qqiG" "qqaG" "qqEG" "qqG" "qqoG"    ""      ;; 384
1657   "mWeG" "bWeG" "GWeG" "fWeG" "pWeG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 392
1658   "kkeG" "kkuG" "kkiG" "kkaG" "kkEG" "kkG" "kkoG"    ""      ;; 400
1659   "mWiG" "bWiG" "GWiG" "fWiG" "pWiG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 408
1660    "XeG"  "XuG" "GXiG"  "XaG"  "XEG"  "XG"  "XoG"    ""      ;; 416
1661   "mWEG" "bWEG" "GWEG" "fWEG" "pWEG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 424
1662   "ggeG" "gguG" "ggiG" "ggaG" "ggEG" "ggG" "ggoG"    ""      ;; 432
1663    "mWG" "bWG"   "GWG"  "fWG"  "pWG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 440
1664   "ornamentG" "flandG" "iflandG" "africaG"                       ;; 448
1665   "iafricaG" "wWeG" "wWiG" "wWaG"                            ;; 452
1666   "wWEG"  "wWG" "" "slaqG" "dotG" "lquoteG" "rquoteG" "qmarkG" ])  ;; 456
1667
1668 ;;
1669 ;; To make tex-to-fidel mapping.
1670 ;; The following code makes
1671 ;;     (get 'ethio-tex-command-he 'ethio-fidel-char)  ==>  ?\e$(3!!\e(B
1672 ;; etc.
1673 ;;
1674
1675 (let ((i 0) str)
1676   (while (< i (length ethio-fidel-to-tex-map))
1677     (setq str (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i))
1678     (if (not (string= str ""))
1679         (put
1680          (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-" (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i)))
1681          'ethio-fidel-char
1682          (ethio-ethiocode-to-char i)))
1683     (setq i (1+ i))))
1684
1685 ;;;###autoload
1686 (defun ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer nil
1687   "Convert each fidel characters in the current buffer into a fidel-tex command.
1688 Each command is always surrounded by braces."
1689   (interactive)
1690   (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
1691
1692     ;; Isolated gemination marks need special treatement
1693     (goto-char (point-min))
1694     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1695       (replace-match "\\geminateG{}" t t))
1696
1697     ;; First, decompose geminations
1698     ;; Here we assume that each composed character consists of
1699     ;; one Ethiopic character and the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1700     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1701
1702     ;; Special treatment for geminated characters
1703     ;; The geminated character (la'') will be "\geminateG{\la}".
1704     (goto-char (point-min))
1705     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1706       (delete-backward-char 1)
1707       (backward-char 1)
1708       (insert "\\geminateG")
1709       (forward-char 1))
1710
1711     ;; Ethiopic characters to TeX macros
1712     (goto-char (point-min))
1713     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1714       (insert
1715        "{\\"
1716        (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1717              (prog1 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))
1718                (backward-delete-char 1)))
1719        "}"))
1720     (goto-char (point-min))
1721     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1722
1723 ;;;###autoload
1724 (defun ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer nil
1725   "Convert fidel-tex commands in the current buffer into fidel chars."
1726   (interactive)
1727   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1728         (p) (ch))
1729
1730     ;; Special treatment for gemination
1731     ;; "\geminateG{\la}" or "\geminateG{{\la}}" will be "\la\e$(3%s\e(B"
1732     ;; "\geminateG{}" remains unchanged.
1733     (goto-char (point-min))
1734     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\geminateG{\\(\\\\[a-zA-Z]+\\)}" nil t)
1735       (replace-match "\\1\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1736
1737     ;; TeX macros to Ethiopic characters
1738     (goto-char (point-min))
1739     (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
1740       (setq p (point))
1741       (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z")
1742       (setq ch
1743             (get (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-"
1744                                  (buffer-substring p (point))))
1745                  'ethio-fidel-char))
1746       (if ch
1747           (progn
1748             (delete-region (1- p) (point)) ; don't forget the preceding "\"
1749             (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?{)
1750                      (= (following-char) ?}))
1751                 (progn
1752                   (backward-delete-char 1)
1753                   (delete-char 1)))
1754             (insert ch))))
1755
1756     ;; compose geminated characters
1757     (goto-char (point-min))
1758     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1759       (compose-region
1760        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1761        (point)))
1762
1763     ;; Now it's time to convert isolated gemination marks.
1764     (goto-char (point-min))
1765     (while (search-forward "\\geminateG{}" nil t)
1766       (replace-match "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1767
1768     (goto-char (point-min))
1769     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1770
1771 ;;
1772 ;; Java support
1773 ;;
1774
1775 ;;;###autoload
1776 (defun ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer nil
1777   "Convert Ethiopic characters into the Java escape sequences.
1778
1779 Each escape sequence is of the form \uXXXX, where XXXX is the
1780 character's codepoint (in hex) in Unicode.
1781
1782 If `ethio-java-save-lowercase' is non-nil, use [0-9a-f].
1783 Otherwise, [0-9A-F]."
1784   (let ((ucode))
1785
1786     ;; first, decompose geminations
1787     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1788
1789     (goto-char (point-min))
1790     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1791       (setq ucode (+ ?\x1200 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))))
1792       (if (> ucode ?\x13bc)
1793           (setq ucode (+ ucode 59952)))
1794       (delete-backward-char 1)
1795       (if ethio-java-save-lowercase
1796           (insert (format "\\u%4x" ucode))
1797         (insert (upcase (format "\\u%4x" ucode)))))))
1798
1799 ;;;###autoload
1800 (defun ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer nil
1801   "Convert the Java escape sequences into corresponding Ethiopic characters."
1802   (let ((ucode))
1803     (goto-char (point-min))
1804     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\u\\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\\)" nil t)
1805       (setq ucode
1806             (read
1807              (concat
1808               "?\\x"
1809               (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
1810       (cond
1811        ((and (>= ucode ?\x1200) (<= ucode ?\x13bc))
1812         (replace-match "")
1813         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode ?\x1200))))
1814        ((and (>= ucode ?\xfdf1) (<= ucode ?\xfdff))
1815         (replace-match "")
1816         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode 64560))))
1817        (t
1818         nil)))
1819
1820     ;; gemination
1821     (goto-char (point-min))
1822     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1823       (compose-region
1824        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1825        (point)))
1826     ))
1827
1828 ;;
1829 ;; file I/O hooks
1830 ;;
1831
1832 ;;;###autoload
1833 (defun ethio-find-file nil
1834   "Transcribe file content into Ethiopic dependig on filename suffix."
1835   (cond
1836
1837    ((null ethio-mode)
1838     nil)
1839
1840    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1841     (save-excursion
1842       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer nil 'force)
1843       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1844
1845    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1846     (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t))
1847       (save-excursion
1848         (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker 'force)
1849         (goto-char (point-min))
1850         (while (re-search-forward "&[lr]aquote;" nil t)
1851           (if (= (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0))) ?l)
1852               (replace-match "\e$(3%v\e(B")
1853             (replace-match "\e$(3%w\e(B")))
1854         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1855
1856    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1857     (save-excursion
1858       (ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer)
1859       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1860
1861    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1862     (save-excursion
1863       (ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer)
1864       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1865
1866    (t
1867     nil)))
1868
1869 ;;;###autoload
1870 (defun ethio-write-file nil
1871   "Transcribe Ethiopic characters in ASCII depending on the file extension."
1872   (cond
1873
1874    ((null ethio-mode)
1875     nil)
1876
1877    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1878     (save-excursion
1879       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer nil 'force)
1880       (goto-char (point-min))
1881       (ethio-record-user-preference)
1882       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1883
1884    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1885     (save-excursion
1886       (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t)
1887             (lq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461))
1888             (rq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462)))
1889         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 "&laquote;")
1890         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 "&raquote;")
1891         (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker 'force)
1892         (goto-char (point-min))
1893         (if (search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1894             (ethio-record-user-preference))
1895         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 lq)
1896         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 rq)
1897         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1898
1899    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1900     (save-excursion
1901       (ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer)
1902       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1903
1904    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1905     (save-excursion
1906       (ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer)
1907       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1908
1909    (t
1910     nil)))
1911
1912 (defun ethio-record-user-preference nil
1913   (if (looking-at "\\\\~\\(tir?\\|amh?\\) ")
1914       (goto-char (match-end 0))
1915     (insert (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir ")))
1916   (insert (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\\~-: " "\\~`: ")
1917           (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\\~`| " "\\~`? ")))
1918
1919 ;;
1920 ;; Ethiopic word separator vs. ASCII space
1921 ;;
1922
1923 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-space t)
1924 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-space)
1925
1926 (defun ethio-toggle-space nil
1927   "Toggle ASCII space and Ethiopic separator for keyboard input."
1928   (interactive)
1929   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1930         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-space))
1931   (force-mode-line-update))
1932
1933 (defun ethio-insert-space (arg)
1934   "Insert ASCII spaces or Ethiopic word separators depending on context.
1935
1936 If the current word separator (indicated in mode-line) is the ASCII space,
1937 insert an ASCII space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1938
1939 If the current word separator is the colon-like Ethiopic word
1940 separator and the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic punctuation mark
1941 followed by zero or more ASCII spaces', then insert also an ASCII
1942 space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1943
1944 Otherwise, insert a colon-like Ethiopic word separator.  With ARG, insert that
1945 many Ethiopic word separators."
1946
1947   (interactive "*p")
1948   (cond
1949    (ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1950     (insert-char 32 arg))
1951    ((save-excursion
1952       (skip-chars-backward " ")
1953       (memq (preceding-char)
1954             '(?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\e$(3$l\e(B ?\e$(3$m\e(B ?\e$(3$n\e(B ?\e$(3$o\e(B ?\e$(3%t\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?\e$(3%v\e(B ?\e$(3%w\e(B ?\e$(3%x\e(B)))
1955     (insert-char 32 arg))
1956    (t
1957     (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))))
1958
1959 (defun ethio-insert-ethio-space (arg)
1960   "Insert the Ethiopic word delimiter (the colon-like character).
1961 With ARG, insert that many delimiters."
1962   (interactive "*p")
1963   (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))
1964
1965 ;;
1966 ;; Ethiopic punctuation vs. ASCII punctuation
1967 ;;
1968
1969 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation nil)
1970 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation)
1971
1972 (defun ethio-toggle-punctuation nil
1973   "Toggle Ethiopic punctuations and ASCII punctuations for keyboard input."
1974   (interactive)
1975   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1976         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation))
1977   (let* ((keys '("." ".." "..." "," ",," ";" ";;" ":" "::" ":::" "*" "**"))
1978          (puncs
1979           (if ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1980               '(?. [".."] ["..."] ?, [",,"] ?\; [";;"] ?: ["::"] [":::"] ?* ["**"])
1981             '(?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?. ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?, ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\; ?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?: ?* ?\e$(3$o\e(B))))
1982     (while keys
1983       (quail-defrule (car keys) (car puncs) "ethiopic")
1984       (setq keys (cdr keys)
1985             puncs (cdr puncs)))
1986     (force-mode-line-update)))
1987
1988 ;;
1989 ;; Gemination
1990 ;;
1991
1992 (defun ethio-gemination nil
1993   "Compose the character before the point with the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1994 If the characater is already composed, decompose it and remove the gemination
1995 mark."
1996   (interactive "*")
1997   (cond
1998    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'ethiopic)
1999     (insert "\e$(3%s\e(B")
2000     (compose-region
2001      (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
2002      (point))
2003     (forward-char 1))
2004    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'leading-code-composition)
2005     (decompose-region
2006      (save-excursion (backward-char 1) (point))
2007      (point))
2008     (delete-backward-char 1))
2009    (t
2010     (error ""))))
2011
2012 ;;
2013 (provide 'ethio-util)
2014
2015 ;;; ethio-util.el ends here