1 /* Lock files for editing.
3 Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1994, 1996, 1998-2016 Free Software
7 (according to authors.el)
9 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
11 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
12 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
13 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
14 your option) any later version.
16 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
17 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
18 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
19 GNU General Public License for more details.
21 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
22 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
26 #include <sys/types.h>
40 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
41 #endif /* __FreeBSD__ */
52 #include <sys/socket.h> /* for fcntl */
53 #include "w32.h" /* for dostounix_filename */
62 /* A file whose last-modified time is just after the most recent boot.
63 Define this to be NULL to disable checking for this file. */
64 #ifndef BOOT_TIME_FILE
65 #define BOOT_TIME_FILE "/var/run/random-seed"
69 #define WTMP_FILE "/var/log/wtmp"
72 /* Normally use a symbolic link to represent a lock.
73 The strategy: to lock a file FN, create a symlink .#FN in FN's
74 directory, with link data `user@host.pid'. This avoids a single
75 mount (== failure) point for lock files.
77 When the host in the lock data is the current host, we can check if
78 the pid is valid with kill.
80 Otherwise, we could look at a separate file that maps hostnames to
81 reboot times to see if the remote pid can possibly be valid, since we
82 don't want Emacs to have to communicate via pipes or sockets or
83 whatever to other processes, either locally or remotely; rms says
84 that's too unreliable. Hence the separate file, which could
85 theoretically be updated by daemons running separately -- but this
86 whole idea is unimplemented; in practice, at least in our
87 environment, it seems such stale locks arise fairly infrequently, and
88 Emacs' standard methods of dealing with clashes suffice.
90 We use symlinks instead of normal files because (1) they can be
91 stored more efficiently on the filesystem, since the kernel knows
92 they will be small, and (2) all the info about the lock can be read
93 in a single system call (readlink). Although we could use regular
94 files to be useful on old systems lacking symlinks, nowadays
95 virtually all such systems are probably single-user anyway, so it
96 didn't seem worth the complication.
98 Similarly, we don't worry about a possible 14-character limit on
99 file names, because those are all the same systems that don't have
102 This is compatible with the locking scheme used by Interleaf (which
103 has contributed this implementation for Emacs), and was designed by
104 Ethan Jacobson, Kimbo Mundy, and others.
106 --karl@cs.umb.edu/karl@hq.ileaf.com.
108 On some file systems, notably those of MS-Windows, symbolic links
109 do not work well, so instead of a symlink .#FN -> 'user@host.pid',
110 the lock is a regular file .#FN with contents 'user@host.pid'. To
111 establish a lock, a nonce file is created and then renamed to .#FN.
112 On MS-Windows this renaming is atomic unless the lock is forcibly
113 acquired. On other systems the renaming is atomic if the lock is
114 forcibly acquired; if not, the renaming is done via hard links,
115 which is good enough for lock-file purposes.
117 To summarize, race conditions can occur with either:
119 * Forced locks on MS-Windows systems.
121 * Non-forced locks on non-MS-Windows systems that support neither
122 hard nor symbolic links. */
125 /* Return the time of the last system boot. */
127 static time_t boot_time
;
128 static bool boot_time_initialized
;
131 static void get_boot_time_1 (const char *, bool);
137 #if defined (BOOT_TIME)
141 if (boot_time_initialized
)
143 boot_time_initialized
= 1;
145 #if defined (CTL_KERN) && defined (KERN_BOOTTIME)
149 struct timeval boottime_val
;
152 mib
[1] = KERN_BOOTTIME
;
153 size
= sizeof (boottime_val
);
155 if (sysctl (mib
, 2, &boottime_val
, &size
, NULL
, 0) >= 0)
157 boot_time
= boottime_val
.tv_sec
;
161 #endif /* defined (CTL_KERN) && defined (KERN_BOOTTIME) */
166 if (stat (BOOT_TIME_FILE
, &st
) == 0)
168 boot_time
= st
.st_mtime
;
173 #if defined (BOOT_TIME)
175 /* The utmp routines maintain static state.
176 Don't touch that state unless we are initialized,
177 since it might not survive dumping. */
180 #endif /* not CANNOT_DUMP */
182 /* Try to get boot time from utmp before wtmp,
183 since utmp is typically much smaller than wtmp.
184 Passing a null pointer causes get_boot_time_1
185 to inspect the default file, namely utmp. */
186 get_boot_time_1 (0, 0);
190 /* Try to get boot time from the current wtmp file. */
191 get_boot_time_1 (WTMP_FILE
, 1);
193 /* If we did not find a boot time in wtmp, look at wtmp, and so on. */
194 for (counter
= 0; counter
< 20 && ! boot_time
; counter
++)
196 Lisp_Object filename
= Qnil
;
197 bool delete_flag
= false;
198 char cmd_string
[sizeof WTMP_FILE
".19.gz"];
199 AUTO_STRING_WITH_LEN (tempname
, cmd_string
,
200 sprintf (cmd_string
, "%s.%d", WTMP_FILE
, counter
));
201 if (! NILP (Ffile_exists_p (tempname
)))
205 tempname
= make_formatted_string (cmd_string
, "%s.%d.gz",
207 if (! NILP (Ffile_exists_p (tempname
)))
209 /* The utmp functions on mescaline.gnu.org accept only
210 file names up to 8 characters long. Choose a 2
211 character long prefix, and call make_temp_file with
212 second arg non-zero, so that it will add not more
213 than 6 characters to the prefix. */
214 filename
= Fexpand_file_name (build_string ("wt"),
215 Vtemporary_file_directory
);
216 filename
= make_temp_name (filename
, 1);
217 CALLN (Fcall_process
, build_string ("gzip"), Qnil
,
218 list2 (QCfile
, filename
), Qnil
,
219 build_string ("-cd"), tempname
);
224 if (! NILP (filename
))
226 get_boot_time_1 (SSDATA (filename
), 1);
228 unlink (SSDATA (filename
));
239 /* Try to get the boot time from wtmp file FILENAME.
240 This succeeds if that file contains a reboot record.
242 If FILENAME is zero, use the same file as before;
243 if no FILENAME has ever been specified, this is the utmp file.
244 Use the newest reboot record if NEWEST,
245 the first reboot record otherwise.
246 Ignore all reboot records on or before BOOT_TIME.
247 Success is indicated by setting BOOT_TIME to a larger value. */
250 get_boot_time_1 (const char *filename
, bool newest
)
252 struct utmp ut
, *utp
;
261 /* Find the next reboot record. */
262 ut
.ut_type
= BOOT_TIME
;
266 /* Compare reboot times and use the newest one. */
267 if (utp
->ut_time
> boot_time
)
269 boot_time
= utp
->ut_time
;
273 /* Advance on element in the file
274 so that getutid won't repeat the same one. */
281 #endif /* BOOT_TIME */
283 /* An arbitrary limit on lock contents length. 8 K should be plenty
284 big enough in practice. */
285 enum { MAX_LFINFO
= 8 * 1024 };
287 /* Here is the structure that stores information about a lock. */
291 /* Location of '@', '.', ':' in USER. If there's no colon, COLON
292 points to the end of USER. */
293 char *at
, *dot
, *colon
;
295 /* Lock file contents USER@HOST.PID with an optional :BOOT_TIME
296 appended. This memory is used as a lock file contents buffer, so
297 it needs room for MAX_LFINFO + 1 bytes. A string " (pid NNNN)"
298 may be appended to the USER@HOST while generating a diagnostic,
299 so make room for its extra bytes (as opposed to ".NNNN") too. */
300 char user
[MAX_LFINFO
+ 1 + sizeof " (pid )" - sizeof "."];
303 /* Write the name of the lock file for FNAME into LOCKNAME. Length
304 will be that of FNAME plus two more for the leading ".#", plus one
306 #define MAKE_LOCK_NAME(lockname, fname) \
307 (lockname = SAFE_ALLOCA (SBYTES (fname) + 2 + 1), \
308 fill_in_lock_file_name (lockname, fname))
311 fill_in_lock_file_name (char *lockfile
, Lisp_Object fn
)
313 char *last_slash
= memrchr (SSDATA (fn
), '/', SBYTES (fn
));
314 char *base
= last_slash
+ 1;
315 ptrdiff_t dirlen
= base
- SSDATA (fn
);
316 memcpy (lockfile
, SSDATA (fn
), dirlen
);
317 lockfile
[dirlen
] = '.';
318 lockfile
[dirlen
+ 1] = '#';
319 strcpy (lockfile
+ dirlen
+ 2, base
);
322 /* For some reason Linux kernels return EPERM on file systems that do
323 not support hard or symbolic links. This symbol documents the quirk.
324 There is no way to tell whether a symlink call fails due to
325 permissions issues or because links are not supported, but luckily
326 the lock file code should work either way. */
327 enum { LINKS_MIGHT_NOT_WORK
= EPERM
};
329 /* Rename OLD to NEW. If FORCE, replace any existing NEW.
330 It is OK if there are temporarily two hard links to OLD.
331 Return 0 if successful, -1 (setting errno) otherwise. */
333 rename_lock_file (char const *old
, char const *new, bool force
)
336 return sys_rename_replace (old
, new, force
);
342 if (link (old
, new) == 0)
343 return unlink (old
) == 0 || errno
== ENOENT
? 0 : -1;
344 if (errno
!= ENOSYS
&& errno
!= LINKS_MIGHT_NOT_WORK
)
347 /* 'link' does not work on this file system. This can occur on
348 a GNU/Linux host mounting a FAT32 file system. Fall back on
349 'rename' after checking that NEW does not exist. There is a
350 potential race condition since some other process may create
351 NEW immediately after the existence check, but it's the best
352 we can portably do here. */
353 if (lstat (new, &st
) == 0 || errno
== EOVERFLOW
)
362 return rename (old
, new);
366 /* Create the lock file LFNAME with contents LOCK_INFO_STR. Return 0 if
367 successful, an errno value on failure. If FORCE, remove any
368 existing LFNAME if necessary. */
371 create_lock_file (char *lfname
, char *lock_info_str
, bool force
)
374 /* Symlinks are supported only by later versions of Windows, and
375 creating them is a privileged operation that often triggers
376 User Account Control elevation prompts. Avoid the problem by
377 pretending that 'symlink' does not work. */
380 int err
= symlink (lock_info_str
, lfname
) == 0 ? 0 : errno
;
383 if (err
== EEXIST
&& force
)
386 err
= symlink (lock_info_str
, lfname
) == 0 ? 0 : errno
;
389 if (err
== ENOSYS
|| err
== LINKS_MIGHT_NOT_WORK
|| err
== ENAMETOOLONG
)
391 static char const nonce_base
[] = ".#-emacsXXXXXX";
392 char *last_slash
= strrchr (lfname
, '/');
393 ptrdiff_t lfdirlen
= last_slash
+ 1 - lfname
;
395 char *nonce
= SAFE_ALLOCA (lfdirlen
+ sizeof nonce_base
);
397 memcpy (nonce
, lfname
, lfdirlen
);
398 strcpy (nonce
+ lfdirlen
, nonce_base
);
400 fd
= mkostemp (nonce
, O_BINARY
| O_CLOEXEC
);
405 ptrdiff_t lock_info_len
;
407 fcntl (fd
, F_SETFD
, FD_CLOEXEC
);
408 lock_info_len
= strlen (lock_info_str
);
410 /* Use 'write', not 'emacs_write', as garbage collection
411 might signal an error, which would leak FD. */
412 if (write (fd
, lock_info_str
, lock_info_len
) != lock_info_len
413 || fchmod (fd
, S_IRUSR
| S_IRGRP
| S_IROTH
) != 0)
415 /* There is no need to call fsync here, as the contents of
416 the lock file need not survive system crashes. */
417 if (emacs_close (fd
) != 0)
419 if (!err
&& rename_lock_file (nonce
, lfname
, force
) != 0)
431 /* Lock the lock file named LFNAME.
432 If FORCE, do so even if it is already locked.
433 Return 0 if successful, an error number on failure. */
436 lock_file_1 (char *lfname
, bool force
)
438 /* Call this first because it can GC. */
439 printmax_t boot
= get_boot_time ();
441 Lisp_Object luser_name
= Fuser_login_name (Qnil
);
442 char const *user_name
= STRINGP (luser_name
) ? SSDATA (luser_name
) : "";
443 Lisp_Object lhost_name
= Fsystem_name ();
444 char const *host_name
= STRINGP (lhost_name
) ? SSDATA (lhost_name
) : "";
445 char lock_info_str
[MAX_LFINFO
+ 1];
446 printmax_t pid
= getpid ();
450 if (sizeof lock_info_str
451 <= snprintf (lock_info_str
, sizeof lock_info_str
,
453 user_name
, host_name
, pid
, boot
))
456 else if (sizeof lock_info_str
457 <= snprintf (lock_info_str
, sizeof lock_info_str
,
459 user_name
, host_name
, pid
))
462 return create_lock_file (lfname
, lock_info_str
, force
);
465 /* Return true if times A and B are no more than one second apart. */
468 within_one_second (time_t a
, time_t b
)
470 return (a
- b
>= -1 && a
- b
<= 1);
473 /* On systems lacking ELOOP, test for an errno value that shouldn't occur. */
478 /* Read the data for the lock file LFNAME into LFINFO. Read at most
479 MAX_LFINFO + 1 bytes. Return the number of bytes read, or -1
480 (setting errno) on error. */
483 read_lock_data (char *lfname
, char lfinfo
[MAX_LFINFO
+ 1])
487 while ((nbytes
= readlinkat (AT_FDCWD
, lfname
, lfinfo
, MAX_LFINFO
+ 1)) < 0
490 int fd
= emacs_open (lfname
, O_RDONLY
| O_NOFOLLOW
, 0);
493 /* Use read, not emacs_read, since FD isn't unwind-protected. */
494 ptrdiff_t read_bytes
= read (fd
, lfinfo
, MAX_LFINFO
+ 1);
495 int read_errno
= errno
;
496 if (emacs_close (fd
) != 0)
505 /* readlinkat saw a non-symlink, but emacs_open saw a symlink.
506 The former must have been removed and replaced by the latter.
514 /* Return 0 if nobody owns the lock file LFNAME or the lock is obsolete,
515 1 if another process owns it (and set OWNER (if non-null) to info),
516 2 if the current process owns it,
517 or -1 if something is wrong with the locking mechanism. */
520 current_lock_owner (lock_info_type
*owner
, char *lfname
)
523 lock_info_type local_owner
;
525 intmax_t pid
, boot_time
;
526 char *at
, *dot
, *lfinfo_end
;
528 /* Even if the caller doesn't want the owner info, we still have to
529 read it to determine return value. */
531 owner
= &local_owner
;
533 /* If nonexistent lock file, all is well; otherwise, got strange error. */
534 lfinfolen
= read_lock_data (lfname
, owner
->user
);
536 return errno
== ENOENT
? 0 : -1;
537 if (MAX_LFINFO
< lfinfolen
)
539 owner
->user
[lfinfolen
] = 0;
541 /* Parse USER@HOST.PID:BOOT_TIME. If can't parse, return -1. */
542 /* The USER is everything before the last @. */
543 owner
->at
= at
= memrchr (owner
->user
, '@', lfinfolen
);
546 owner
->dot
= dot
= strrchr (at
, '.');
550 /* The PID is everything from the last `.' to the `:'. */
551 if (! c_isdigit (dot
[1]))
554 pid
= strtoimax (dot
+ 1, &owner
->colon
, 10);
558 /* After the `:', if there is one, comes the boot time. */
559 switch (owner
->colon
[0])
563 lfinfo_end
= owner
->colon
;
567 if (! c_isdigit (owner
->colon
[1]))
569 boot_time
= strtoimax (owner
->colon
+ 1, &lfinfo_end
, 10);
575 if (lfinfo_end
!= owner
->user
+ lfinfolen
)
578 /* On current host? */
579 Lisp_Object system_name
= Fsystem_name ();
580 if (STRINGP (system_name
)
581 && dot
- (at
+ 1) == SBYTES (system_name
)
582 && memcmp (at
+ 1, SSDATA (system_name
), SBYTES (system_name
)) == 0)
584 if (pid
== getpid ())
585 ret
= 2; /* We own it. */
586 else if (0 < pid
&& pid
<= TYPE_MAXIMUM (pid_t
)
587 && (kill (pid
, 0) >= 0 || errno
== EPERM
)
589 || (boot_time
<= TYPE_MAXIMUM (time_t)
590 && within_one_second (boot_time
, get_boot_time ()))))
591 ret
= 1; /* An existing process on this machine owns it. */
592 /* The owner process is dead or has a strange pid, so try to
595 return unlink (lfname
);
598 { /* If we wanted to support the check for stale locks on remote machines,
599 here's where we'd do it. */
607 /* Lock the lock named LFNAME if possible.
608 Return 0 in that case.
609 Return positive if some other process owns the lock, and info about
610 that process in CLASHER.
611 Return -1 if cannot lock for any other reason. */
614 lock_if_free (lock_info_type
*clasher
, char *lfname
)
617 while ((err
= lock_file_1 (lfname
, 0)) == EEXIST
)
619 switch (current_lock_owner (clasher
, lfname
))
622 return 0; /* We ourselves locked it. */
624 return 1; /* Someone else has it. */
626 return -1; /* current_lock_owner returned strange error. */
629 /* We deleted a stale lock; try again to lock the file. */
635 /* lock_file locks file FN,
636 meaning it serves notice on the world that you intend to edit that file.
637 This should be done only when about to modify a file-visiting
638 buffer previously unmodified.
639 Do not (normally) call this for a buffer already modified,
640 as either the file is already locked, or the user has already
641 decided to go ahead without locking.
643 When this returns, either the lock is locked for us,
644 or lock creation failed,
645 or the user has said to go ahead without locking.
647 If the file is locked by someone else, this calls
648 ask-user-about-lock (a Lisp function) with two arguments,
649 the file name and info about the user who did the locking.
650 This function can signal an error, or return t meaning
651 take away the lock, or return nil meaning ignore the lock. */
654 lock_file (Lisp_Object fn
)
656 Lisp_Object orig_fn
, encoded_fn
;
658 lock_info_type lock_info
;
661 /* Don't do locking while dumping Emacs.
662 Uncompressing wtmp files uses call-process, which does not work
663 in an uninitialized Emacs. */
664 if (! NILP (Vpurify_flag
))
668 fn
= Fexpand_file_name (fn
, Qnil
);
670 /* Ensure we have only '/' separators, to avoid problems with
671 looking (inside fill_in_lock_file_name) for backslashes in file
672 names encoded by some DBCS codepage. */
673 dostounix_filename (SSDATA (fn
));
675 encoded_fn
= ENCODE_FILE (fn
);
677 /* See if this file is visited and has changed on disk since it was
680 register Lisp_Object subject_buf
;
682 subject_buf
= get_truename_buffer (orig_fn
);
684 if (!NILP (subject_buf
)
685 && NILP (Fverify_visited_file_modtime (subject_buf
))
686 && !NILP (Ffile_exists_p (fn
)))
687 call1 (intern ("ask-user-about-supersession-threat"), fn
);
691 /* Don't do locking if the user has opted out. */
692 if (create_lockfiles
)
695 /* Create the name of the lock-file for file fn */
696 MAKE_LOCK_NAME (lfname
, encoded_fn
);
698 /* Try to lock the lock. */
699 if (0 < lock_if_free (&lock_info
, lfname
))
701 /* Someone else has the lock. Consider breaking it. */
703 char *dot
= lock_info
.dot
;
704 ptrdiff_t pidlen
= lock_info
.colon
- (dot
+ 1);
705 static char const replacement
[] = " (pid ";
706 int replacementlen
= sizeof replacement
- 1;
707 memmove (dot
+ replacementlen
, dot
+ 1, pidlen
);
708 strcpy (dot
+ replacementlen
+ pidlen
, ")");
709 memcpy (dot
, replacement
, replacementlen
);
710 attack
= call2 (intern ("ask-user-about-lock"), fn
,
711 build_string (lock_info
.user
));
712 /* Take the lock if the user said so. */
714 lock_file_1 (lfname
, 1);
721 unlock_file (Lisp_Object fn
)
726 fn
= Fexpand_file_name (fn
, Qnil
);
727 fn
= ENCODE_FILE (fn
);
729 MAKE_LOCK_NAME (lfname
, fn
);
731 if (current_lock_owner (0, lfname
) == 2)
739 lock_file (Lisp_Object fn
)
744 unlock_file (Lisp_Object fn
)
751 unlock_all_files (void)
753 register Lisp_Object tail
, buf
;
754 register struct buffer
*b
;
756 FOR_EACH_LIVE_BUFFER (tail
, buf
)
759 if (STRINGP (BVAR (b
, file_truename
))
760 && BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b
) < BUF_MODIFF (b
))
761 unlock_file (BVAR (b
, file_truename
));
765 DEFUN ("lock-buffer", Flock_buffer
, Slock_buffer
,
767 doc
: /* Lock FILE, if current buffer is modified.
768 FILE defaults to current buffer's visited file,
769 or else nothing is done if current buffer isn't visiting a file.
771 If the option `create-lockfiles' is nil, this does nothing. */)
775 file
= BVAR (current_buffer
, file_truename
);
778 if (SAVE_MODIFF
< MODIFF
784 DEFUN ("unlock-buffer", Funlock_buffer
, Sunlock_buffer
,
786 doc
: /* Unlock the file visited in the current buffer.
787 If the buffer is not modified, this does nothing because the file
788 should not be locked in that case. */)
791 if (SAVE_MODIFF
< MODIFF
792 && STRINGP (BVAR (current_buffer
, file_truename
)))
793 unlock_file (BVAR (current_buffer
, file_truename
));
797 /* Unlock the file visited in buffer BUFFER. */
800 unlock_buffer (struct buffer
*buffer
)
802 if (BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (buffer
) < BUF_MODIFF (buffer
)
803 && STRINGP (BVAR (buffer
, file_truename
)))
804 unlock_file (BVAR (buffer
, file_truename
));
807 DEFUN ("file-locked-p", Ffile_locked_p
, Sfile_locked_p
, 1, 1, 0,
808 doc
: /* Return a value indicating whether FILENAME is locked.
809 The value is nil if the FILENAME is not locked,
810 t if it is locked by you, else a string saying which user has locked it. */)
811 (Lisp_Object filename
)
819 lock_info_type locker
;
822 filename
= Fexpand_file_name (filename
, Qnil
);
824 MAKE_LOCK_NAME (lfname
, filename
);
826 owner
= current_lock_owner (&locker
, lfname
);
832 ret
= make_string (locker
.user
, locker
.at
- locker
.user
);
840 syms_of_filelock (void)
842 DEFVAR_LISP ("temporary-file-directory", Vtemporary_file_directory
,
843 doc
: /* The directory for writing temporary files. */);
844 Vtemporary_file_directory
= Qnil
;
846 DEFVAR_BOOL ("create-lockfiles", create_lockfiles
,
847 doc
: /* Non-nil means use lockfiles to avoid editing collisions. */);
848 create_lockfiles
= 1;
850 defsubr (&Sunlock_buffer
);
851 defsubr (&Slock_buffer
);
852 defsubr (&Sfile_locked_p
);