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[emacs.git] / src / xdisp.c

/* Display generation from window structure and buffer text.

Copyright (C) 1985-1988, 1993-1995, 1997-2018 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.

This file is part of GNU Emacs.

GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.

GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

/* New redisplay written by Gerd Moellmann <gerd@gnu.org>.

   Redisplay.

   Emacs separates the task of updating the display from code
   modifying global state, e.g. buffer text.  This way functions
   operating on buffers don't also have to be concerned with updating
   the display.

   Updating the display is triggered by the Lisp interpreter when it
   decides it's time to do it.  This is done either automatically for
   you as part of the interpreter's command loop or as the result of
   calling Lisp functions like `sit-for'.  The C function `redisplay'
   in xdisp.c is the only entry into the inner redisplay code.

   The following diagram shows how redisplay code is invoked.  As you
   can see, Lisp calls redisplay and vice versa.

   Under window systems like X, some portions of the redisplay code
   are also called asynchronously, due to mouse movement or expose
   events.  "Asynchronously" in this context means that any C function
   which calls maybe_quit or process_pending_signals could enter
   redisplay via expose_frame and/or note_mouse_highlight, if X events
   were recently reported to Emacs about mouse movements or frame(s)
   that were exposed.  And such redisplay could invoke the Lisp
   interpreter, e.g. via the :eval forms in mode-line-format, and as
   result the global state could change.  It is therefore very
   important that C functions which might cause such "asynchronous"
   redisplay, but cannot tolerate the results, use
   block_input/unblock_input around code fragments which assume that
   global Lisp state doesn't change.  If you don't follow this rule,
   you will encounter bugs which are very hard to explain.  One place
   that needs to take such precautions is timer_check, some of whose
   code cannot tolerate changes in timer alists while it processes
   timers.

   +--------------+   redisplay     +----------------+
   | Lisp machine |---------------->| Redisplay code |<--+
   +--------------+   (xdisp.c)     +----------------+   |
          ^                                  |           |
          +----------------------------------+           |
            Block input to prevent this when             |
            called asynchronously!                       |
                                                         |
                    note_mouse_highlight (asynchronous)  |
                                                         |
                                    X mouse events  -----+
                                                         |
                            expose_frame (asynchronous)  |
                                                         |
                                   X expose events  -----+

   What does redisplay do?  Obviously, it has to figure out somehow what
   has been changed since the last time the display has been updated,
   and to make these changes visible.  Preferably it would do that in
   a moderately intelligent way, i.e. fast.

   Changes in buffer text can be deduced from window and buffer
   structures, and from some global variables like `beg_unchanged' and
   `end_unchanged'.  The contents of the display are additionally
   recorded in a `glyph matrix', a two-dimensional matrix of glyph
   structures.  Each row in such a matrix corresponds to a line on the
   display, and each glyph in a row corresponds to a column displaying
   a character, an image, or what else.  This matrix is called the
   `current glyph matrix' or `current matrix' in redisplay
   terminology.

   For buffer parts that have been changed since the last update, a
   second glyph matrix is constructed, the so called `desired glyph
   matrix' or short `desired matrix'.  Current and desired matrix are
   then compared to find a cheap way to update the display, e.g. by
   reusing part of the display by scrolling lines.

   You will find a lot of redisplay optimizations when you start
   looking at the innards of redisplay.  The overall goal of all these
   optimizations is to make redisplay fast because it is done
   frequently.  Some of these optimizations are implemented by the
   following functions:

    . try_cursor_movement

      This function tries to update the display if the text in the
      window did not change and did not scroll, only point moved, and
      it did not move off the displayed portion of the text.

    . try_window_reusing_current_matrix

      This function reuses the current matrix of a window when text
      has not changed, but the window start changed (e.g., due to
      scrolling).

    . try_window_id

      This function attempts to redisplay a window by reusing parts of
      its existing display.  It finds and reuses the part that was not
      changed, and redraws the rest.  (The "id" part in the function's
      name stands for "insert/delete", not for "identification" or
      somesuch.)

    . try_window

      This function performs the full redisplay of a single window
      assuming that its fonts were not changed and that the cursor
      will not end up in the scroll margins.  (Loading fonts requires
      re-adjustment of dimensions of glyph matrices, which makes this
      method impossible to use.)

   These optimizations are tried in sequence (some can be skipped if
   it is known that they are not applicable).  If none of the
   optimizations were successful, redisplay calls redisplay_windows,
   which performs a full redisplay of all windows.

   Note that there's one more important optimization up Emacs's
   sleeve, but it is related to actually redrawing the potentially
   changed portions of the window/frame, not to reproducing the
   desired matrices of those potentially changed portions.  Namely,
   the function update_frame and its subroutines, which you will find
   in dispnew.c, compare the desired matrices with the current
   matrices, and only redraw the portions that changed.  So it could
   happen that the functions in this file for some reason decide that
   the entire desired matrix needs to be regenerated from scratch, and
   still only parts of the Emacs display, or even nothing at all, will
   be actually delivered to the glass, because update_frame has found
   that the new and the old screen contents are similar or identical.

   Desired matrices.

   Desired matrices are always built per Emacs window.  The function
   `display_line' is the central function to look at if you are
   interested.  It constructs one row in a desired matrix given an
   iterator structure containing both a buffer position and a
   description of the environment in which the text is to be
   displayed.  But this is too early, read on.

   Characters and pixmaps displayed for a range of buffer text depend
   on various settings of buffers and windows, on overlays and text
   properties, on display tables, on selective display.  The good news
   is that all this hairy stuff is hidden behind a small set of
   interface functions taking an iterator structure (struct it)
   argument.

   Iteration over things to be displayed is then simple.  It is
   started by initializing an iterator with a call to init_iterator,
   passing it the buffer position where to start iteration.  For
   iteration over strings, pass -1 as the position to init_iterator,
   and call reseat_to_string when the string is ready, to initialize
   the iterator for that string.  Thereafter, calls to
   get_next_display_element fill the iterator structure with relevant
   information about the next thing to display.  Calls to
   set_iterator_to_next move the iterator to the next thing.

   Besides this, an iterator also contains information about the
   display environment in which glyphs for display elements are to be
   produced.  It has fields for the width and height of the display,
   the information whether long lines are truncated or continued, a
   current X and Y position, and lots of other stuff you can better
   see in dispextern.h.

   Glyphs in a desired matrix are normally constructed in a loop
   calling get_next_display_element and then PRODUCE_GLYPHS.  The call
   to PRODUCE_GLYPHS will fill the iterator structure with pixel
   information about the element being displayed and at the same time
   produce glyphs for it.  If the display element fits on the line
   being displayed, set_iterator_to_next is called next, otherwise the
   glyphs produced are discarded.  The function display_line is the
   workhorse of filling glyph rows in the desired matrix with glyphs.
   In addition to producing glyphs, it also handles line truncation
   and continuation, word wrap, and cursor positioning (for the
   latter, see also set_cursor_from_row).

   Frame matrices.

   That just couldn't be all, could it?  What about terminal types not
   supporting operations on sub-windows of the screen?  To update the
   display on such a terminal, window-based glyph matrices are not
   well suited.  To be able to reuse part of the display (scrolling
   lines up and down), we must instead have a view of the whole
   screen.  This is what `frame matrices' are for.  They are a trick.

   Frames on terminals like above have a glyph pool.  Windows on such
   a frame sub-allocate their glyph memory from their frame's glyph
   pool.  The frame itself is given its own glyph matrices.  By
   coincidence---or maybe something else---rows in window glyph
   matrices are slices of corresponding rows in frame matrices.  Thus
   writing to window matrices implicitly updates a frame matrix which
   provides us with the view of the whole screen that we originally
   wanted to have without having to move many bytes around.  To be
   honest, there is a little bit more done, but not much more.  If you
   plan to extend that code, take a look at dispnew.c.  The function
   build_frame_matrix is a good starting point.

   Bidirectional display.

   Bidirectional display adds quite some hair to this already complex
   design.  The good news are that a large portion of that hairy stuff
   is hidden in bidi.c behind only 3 interfaces.  bidi.c implements a
   reordering engine which is called by set_iterator_to_next and
   returns the next character to display in the visual order.  See
   commentary on bidi.c for more details.  As far as redisplay is
   concerned, the effect of calling bidi_move_to_visually_next, the
   main interface of the reordering engine, is that the iterator gets
   magically placed on the buffer or string position that is to be
   displayed next.  In other words, a linear iteration through the
   buffer/string is replaced with a non-linear one.  All the rest of
   the redisplay is oblivious to the bidi reordering.

   Well, almost oblivious---there are still complications, most of
   them due to the fact that buffer and string positions no longer
   change monotonously with glyph indices in a glyph row.  Moreover,
   for continued lines, the buffer positions may not even be
   monotonously changing with vertical positions.  Also, accounting
   for face changes, overlays, etc. becomes more complex because
   non-linear iteration could potentially skip many positions with
   changes, and then cross them again on the way back...

   One other prominent effect of bidirectional display is that some
   paragraphs of text need to be displayed starting at the right
   margin of the window---the so-called right-to-left, or R2L
   paragraphs.  R2L paragraphs are displayed with R2L glyph rows,
   which have their reversed_p flag set.  The bidi reordering engine
   produces characters in such rows starting from the character which
   should be the rightmost on display.  PRODUCE_GLYPHS then reverses
   the order, when it fills up the glyph row whose reversed_p flag is
   set, by prepending each new glyph to what is already there, instead
   of appending it.  When the glyph row is complete, the function
   extend_face_to_end_of_line fills the empty space to the left of the
   leftmost character with special glyphs, which will display as,
   well, empty.  On text terminals, these special glyphs are simply
   blank characters.  On graphics terminals, there's a single stretch
   glyph of a suitably computed width.  Both the blanks and the
   stretch glyph are given the face of the background of the line.
   This way, the terminal-specific back-end can still draw the glyphs
   left to right, even for R2L lines.

   Bidirectional display and character compositions

   Some scripts cannot be displayed by drawing each character
   individually, because adjacent characters change each other's shape
   on display.  For example, Arabic and Indic scripts belong to this
   category.

   Emacs display supports this by providing "character compositions",
   most of which is implemented in composite.c.  During the buffer
   scan that delivers characters to PRODUCE_GLYPHS, if the next
   character to be delivered is a composed character, the iteration
   calls composition_reseat_it and next_element_from_composition.  If
   they succeed to compose the character with one or more of the
   following characters, the whole sequence of characters that where
   composed is recorded in the `struct composition_it' object that is
   part of the buffer iterator.  The composed sequence could produce
   one or more font glyphs (called "grapheme clusters") on the screen.
   Each of these grapheme clusters is then delivered to PRODUCE_GLYPHS
   in the direction corresponding to the current bidi scan direction
   (recorded in the scan_dir member of the `struct bidi_it' object
   that is part of the buffer iterator).  In particular, if the bidi
   iterator currently scans the buffer backwards, the grapheme
   clusters are delivered back to front.  This reorders the grapheme
   clusters as appropriate for the current bidi context.  Note that
   this means that the grapheme clusters are always stored in the
   LGSTRING object (see composite.c) in the logical order.

   Moving an iterator in bidirectional text
   without producing glyphs

   Note one important detail mentioned above: that the bidi reordering
   engine, driven by the iterator, produces characters in R2L rows
   starting at the character that will be the rightmost on display.
   As far as the iterator is concerned, the geometry of such rows is
   still left to right, i.e. the iterator "thinks" the first character
   is at the leftmost pixel position.  The iterator does not know that
   PRODUCE_GLYPHS reverses the order of the glyphs that the iterator
   delivers.  This is important when functions from the move_it_*
   family are used to get to certain screen position or to match
   screen coordinates with buffer coordinates: these functions use the
   iterator geometry, which is left to right even in R2L paragraphs.
   This works well with most callers of move_it_*, because they need
   to get to a specific column, and columns are still numbered in the
   reading order, i.e. the rightmost character in a R2L paragraph is
   still column zero.  But some callers do not get well with this; a
   notable example is mouse clicks that need to find the character
   that corresponds to certain pixel coordinates.  See
   buffer_posn_from_coords in dispnew.c for how this is handled.  */

#include <config.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "lisp.h"
#include "atimer.h"
#include "composite.h"
#include "keyboard.h"
#include "systime.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "window.h"
#include "termchar.h"
#include "dispextern.h"
#include "character.h"
#include "buffer.h"
#include "charset.h"
#include "indent.h"
#include "commands.h"
#include "keymap.h"
#include "disptab.h"
#include "termhooks.h"
#include "termopts.h"
#include "intervals.h"
#include "coding.h"
#include "region-cache.h"
#include "font.h"
#include "fontset.h"
#include "blockinput.h"
#include "xwidget.h"
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
#include TERM_HEADER
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

#ifndef FRAME_X_OUTPUT
#define FRAME_X_OUTPUT(f) ((f)->output_data.x)
#endif

#define DISP_INFINITY 10000000

/* Holds the list (error).  */
static Lisp_Object list_of_error;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Test if overflow newline into fringe.  Called with iterator IT
   at or past right window margin, and with IT->current_x set.  */

#define IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE(IT)             \
  (!NILP (Voverflow_newline_into_fringe)                \
   && FRAME_WINDOW_P ((IT)->f)                          \
   && ((IT)->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L               \
       ? (WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH ((IT)->w) > 0)       \
       : (WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH ((IT)->w) > 0))     \
   && (IT)->current_x == (IT)->last_visible_x)

#else /* !HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
#define IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE(it) false
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

/* Test if the display element loaded in IT, or the underlying buffer
   or string character, is a space or a TAB character.  This is used
   to determine where word wrapping can occur.  */

#define IT_DISPLAYING_WHITESPACE(it)                                    \
  ((it->what == IT_CHARACTER && (it->c == ' ' || it->c == '\t'))        \
   || ((STRINGP (it->string)                                            \
        && (SREF (it->string, IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it)) == ' '           \
            || SREF (it->string, IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it)) == '\t'))     \
       || (it->s                                                        \
           && (it->s[IT_BYTEPOS (*it)] == ' '                           \
               || it->s[IT_BYTEPOS (*it)] == '\t'))                     \
       || (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) < ZV_BYTE                                   \
           && (*BYTE_POS_ADDR (IT_BYTEPOS (*it)) == ' '                 \
               || *BYTE_POS_ADDR (IT_BYTEPOS (*it)) == '\t'))))         \

/* True means print newline to stdout before next mini-buffer message.  */

bool noninteractive_need_newline;

/* True means print newline to message log before next message.  */

static bool message_log_need_newline;

/* Three markers that message_dolog uses.
   It could allocate them itself, but that causes trouble
   in handling memory-full errors.  */
static Lisp_Object message_dolog_marker1;
static Lisp_Object message_dolog_marker2;
static Lisp_Object message_dolog_marker3;
\f
/* The buffer position of the first character appearing entirely or
   partially on the line of the selected window which contains the
   cursor; <= 0 if not known.  Set by set_cursor_from_row, used for
   redisplay optimization in redisplay_internal.  */

static struct text_pos this_line_start_pos;

/* Number of characters past the end of the line above, including the
   terminating newline.  */

static struct text_pos this_line_end_pos;

/* The vertical positions and the height of this line.  */

static int this_line_vpos;
static int this_line_y;
static int this_line_pixel_height;

/* X position at which this display line starts.  Usually zero;
   negative if first character is partially visible.  */

static int this_line_start_x;

/* The smallest character position seen by move_it_* functions as they
   move across display lines.  Used to set MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS of
   hscrolled lines, see display_line.  */

static struct text_pos this_line_min_pos;

/* Buffer that this_line_.* variables are referring to.  */

static struct buffer *this_line_buffer;

/* True if an overlay arrow has been displayed in this window.  */

static bool overlay_arrow_seen;

/* Vector containing glyphs for an ellipsis `...'.  */

static Lisp_Object default_invis_vector[3];

/* This is the window where the echo area message was displayed.  It
   is always a mini-buffer window, but it may not be the same window
   currently active as a mini-buffer.  */

Lisp_Object echo_area_window;

/* Stack of messages, which are pushed by push_message and popped and
   displayed by restore_message.  */

static Lisp_Object Vmessage_stack;

/* True means multibyte characters were enabled when the echo area
   message was specified.  */

static bool message_enable_multibyte;

/* At each redisplay cycle, we should refresh everything there is to refresh.
   To do that efficiently, we use many optimizations that try to make sure we
   don't waste too much time updating things that haven't changed.
   The coarsest such optimization is that, in the most common cases, we only
   look at the selected-window.

   To know whether other windows should be considered for redisplay, we use the
   variable windows_or_buffers_changed: as long as it is 0, it means that we
   have not noticed anything that should require updating anything else than
   the selected-window.  If it is set to REDISPLAY_SOME, it means that since
   last redisplay, some changes have been made which could impact other
   windows.  To know which ones need redisplay, every buffer, window, and frame
   has a `redisplay' bit, which (if true) means that this object needs to be
   redisplayed.  If windows_or_buffers_changed is 0, we know there's no point
   looking for those `redisplay' bits (actually, there might be some such bits
   set, but then only on objects which aren't displayed anyway).

   OTOH if it's non-zero we wil have to loop through all windows and then check
   the `redisplay' bit of the corresponding window, frame, and buffer, in order
   to decide whether that window needs attention or not.  Note that we can't
   just look at the frame's redisplay bit to decide that the whole frame can be
   skipped, since even if the frame's redisplay bit is unset, some of its
   windows's redisplay bits may be set.

   Mostly for historical reasons, windows_or_buffers_changed can also take
   other non-zero values.  In that case, the precise value doesn't matter (it
   encodes the cause of the setting but is only used for debugging purposes),
   and what it means is that we shouldn't pay attention to any `redisplay' bits
   and we should simply try and redisplay every window out there.  */

int windows_or_buffers_changed;

/* Nonzero if we should redraw the mode lines on the next redisplay.
   Similarly to `windows_or_buffers_changed', If it has value REDISPLAY_SOME,
   then only redisplay the mode lines in those buffers/windows/frames where the
   `redisplay' bit has been set.
   For any other value, redisplay all mode lines (the number used is then only
   used to track down the cause for this full-redisplay).

   Since the frame title uses the same %-constructs as the mode line
   (except %c, %C, and %l), if this variable is non-zero, we also consider
   redisplaying the title of each frame, see x_consider_frame_title.

   The `redisplay' bits are the same as those used for
   windows_or_buffers_changed, and setting windows_or_buffers_changed also
   causes recomputation of the mode lines of all those windows.  IOW this
   variable only has an effect if windows_or_buffers_changed is zero, in which
   case we should only need to redisplay the mode-line of those objects with
   a `redisplay' bit set but not the window's text content (tho we may still
   need to refresh the text content of the selected-window).  */

int update_mode_lines;

/* True after display_mode_line if %l was used and it displayed a
   line number.  */

static bool line_number_displayed;

/* The name of the *Messages* buffer, a string.  */

static Lisp_Object Vmessages_buffer_name;

/* Current, index 0, and last displayed echo area message.  Either
   buffers from echo_buffers, or nil to indicate no message.  */

Lisp_Object echo_area_buffer[2];

/* The buffers referenced from echo_area_buffer.  */

static Lisp_Object echo_buffer[2];

/* A vector saved used in with_area_buffer to reduce consing.  */

static Lisp_Object Vwith_echo_area_save_vector;

/* True means display_echo_area should display the last echo area
   message again.  Set by redisplay_preserve_echo_area.  */

static bool display_last_displayed_message_p;

/* True if echo area is being used by print; false if being used by
   message.  */

static bool message_buf_print;

/* Set to true in clear_message to make redisplay_internal aware
   of an emptied echo area.  */

static bool message_cleared_p;

/* A scratch glyph row with contents used for generating truncation
   glyphs.  Also used in direct_output_for_insert.  */

#define MAX_SCRATCH_GLYPHS 100
static struct glyph_row scratch_glyph_row;
static struct glyph scratch_glyphs[MAX_SCRATCH_GLYPHS];

/* Ascent and height of the last line processed by move_it_to.  */

static int last_height;

/* True if there's a help-echo in the echo area.  */

bool help_echo_showing_p;

/* The maximum distance to look ahead for text properties.  Values
   that are too small let us call compute_char_face and similar
   functions too often which is expensive.  Values that are too large
   let us call compute_char_face and alike too often because we
   might not be interested in text properties that far away.  */

#define TEXT_PROP_DISTANCE_LIMIT 100

/* SAVE_IT and RESTORE_IT are called when we save a snapshot of the
   iterator state and later restore it.  This is needed because the
   bidi iterator on bidi.c keeps a stacked cache of its states, which
   is really a singleton.  When we use scratch iterator objects to
   move around the buffer, we can cause the bidi cache to be pushed or
   popped, and therefore we need to restore the cache state when we
   return to the original iterator.  */
#define SAVE_IT(ITCOPY, ITORIG, CACHE)          \
  do {                                          \
    if (CACHE)                                  \
      bidi_unshelve_cache (CACHE, true);        \
    ITCOPY = ITORIG;                            \
    CACHE = bidi_shelve_cache ();               \
  } while (false)

#define RESTORE_IT(pITORIG, pITCOPY, CACHE)     \
  do {                                          \
    if (pITORIG != pITCOPY)                     \
      *(pITORIG) = *(pITCOPY);                  \
    bidi_unshelve_cache (CACHE, false);         \
    CACHE = NULL;                               \
  } while (false)

/* Functions to mark elements as needing redisplay.  */
enum { REDISPLAY_SOME = 2};     /* Arbitrary choice.  */

void
redisplay_other_windows (void)
{
  if (!windows_or_buffers_changed)
    windows_or_buffers_changed = REDISPLAY_SOME;
}

void
wset_redisplay (struct window *w)
{
  /* Beware: selected_window can be nil during early stages.  */
  if (!EQ (make_lisp_ptr (w, Lisp_Vectorlike), selected_window))
    redisplay_other_windows ();
  w->redisplay = true;
}

void
fset_redisplay (struct frame *f)
{
  redisplay_other_windows ();
  f->redisplay = true;
}

void
bset_redisplay (struct buffer *b)
{
  int count = buffer_window_count (b);
  if (count > 0)
    {
      /* ... it's visible in other window than selected,  */
      if (count > 1 || b != XBUFFER (XWINDOW (selected_window)->contents))
        redisplay_other_windows ();
      /* Even if we don't set windows_or_buffers_changed, do set `redisplay'
         so that if we later set windows_or_buffers_changed, this buffer will
         not be omitted.  */
      b->text->redisplay = true;
    }
}

void
bset_update_mode_line (struct buffer *b)
{
  if (!update_mode_lines)
    update_mode_lines = REDISPLAY_SOME;
  b->text->redisplay = true;
}

DEFUN ("set-buffer-redisplay", Fset_buffer_redisplay,
       Sset_buffer_redisplay, 4, 4, 0,
       doc: /* Mark the current buffer for redisplay.
This function may be passed to `add-variable-watcher'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object symbol, Lisp_Object newval, Lisp_Object op, Lisp_Object where)
{
  bset_update_mode_line (current_buffer);
  current_buffer->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p = true;
  return Qnil;
}

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG

/* True means print traces of redisplay if compiled with
   GLYPH_DEBUG defined.  */

bool trace_redisplay_p;

#endif /* GLYPH_DEBUG */

#ifdef DEBUG_TRACE_MOVE
/* True means trace with TRACE_MOVE to stderr.  */
static bool trace_move;

#define TRACE_MOVE(x)   if (trace_move) fprintf x; else (void) 0
#else
#define TRACE_MOVE(x)   (void) 0
#endif

/* Buffer being redisplayed -- for redisplay_window_error.  */

static struct buffer *displayed_buffer;

/* Value returned from text property handlers (see below).  */

enum prop_handled
{
  HANDLED_NORMALLY,
  HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS,
  HANDLED_OVERLAY_STRING_CONSUMED,
  HANDLED_RETURN
};

/* A description of text properties that redisplay is interested
   in.  */

struct props
{
  /* The symbol index of the name of the property.  */
  short name;

  /* A unique index for the property.  */
  enum prop_idx idx;

  /* A handler function called to set up iterator IT from the property
     at IT's current position.  Value is used to steer handle_stop.  */
  enum prop_handled (*handler) (struct it *it);
};

static enum prop_handled handle_face_prop (struct it *);
static enum prop_handled handle_invisible_prop (struct it *);
static enum prop_handled handle_display_prop (struct it *);
static enum prop_handled handle_composition_prop (struct it *);
static enum prop_handled handle_overlay_change (struct it *);
static enum prop_handled handle_fontified_prop (struct it *);

/* Properties handled by iterators.  */

static struct props it_props[] =
{
  {SYMBOL_INDEX (Qfontified),   FONTIFIED_PROP_IDX,     handle_fontified_prop},
  /* Handle `face' before `display' because some sub-properties of
     `display' need to know the face.  */
  {SYMBOL_INDEX (Qface),        FACE_PROP_IDX,          handle_face_prop},
  {SYMBOL_INDEX (Qdisplay),     DISPLAY_PROP_IDX,       handle_display_prop},
  {SYMBOL_INDEX (Qinvisible),   INVISIBLE_PROP_IDX,     handle_invisible_prop},
  {SYMBOL_INDEX (Qcomposition), COMPOSITION_PROP_IDX, handle_composition_prop},
  {0,                           0,                      NULL}
};

/* Value is the position described by X.  If X is a marker, value is
   the marker_position of X.  Otherwise, value is X.  */

#define COERCE_MARKER(X) (MARKERP ((X)) ? Fmarker_position (X) : (X))

/* Enumeration returned by some move_it_.* functions internally.  */

enum move_it_result
{
  /* Not used.  Undefined value.  */
  MOVE_UNDEFINED,

  /* Move ended at the requested buffer position or ZV.  */
  MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV,

  /* Move ended at the requested X pixel position.  */
  MOVE_X_REACHED,

  /* Move within a line ended at the end of a line that must be
     continued.  */
  MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED,

  /* Move within a line ended at the end of a line that would
     be displayed truncated.  */
  MOVE_LINE_TRUNCATED,

  /* Move within a line ended at a line end.  */
  MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR
};

/* This counter is used to clear the face cache every once in a while
   in redisplay_internal.  It is incremented for each redisplay.
   Every CLEAR_FACE_CACHE_COUNT full redisplays, the face cache is
   cleared.  */

#define CLEAR_FACE_CACHE_COUNT  500
static int clear_face_cache_count;

/* Similarly for the image cache.  */

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
#define CLEAR_IMAGE_CACHE_COUNT 101
static int clear_image_cache_count;

/* Null glyph slice */
static struct glyph_slice null_glyph_slice = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
#endif

/* True while redisplay_internal is in progress.  */

bool redisplaying_p;

/* If a string, XTread_socket generates an event to display that string.
   (The display is done in read_char.)  */

Lisp_Object help_echo_string;
Lisp_Object help_echo_window;
Lisp_Object help_echo_object;
ptrdiff_t help_echo_pos;

/* Temporary variable for XTread_socket.  */

Lisp_Object previous_help_echo_string;

/* Platform-independent portion of hourglass implementation.  */

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* True means an hourglass cursor is currently shown.  */
static bool hourglass_shown_p;

/* If non-null, an asynchronous timer that, when it expires, displays
   an hourglass cursor on all frames.  */
static struct atimer *hourglass_atimer;

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

/* Default number of seconds to wait before displaying an hourglass
   cursor.  */
#define DEFAULT_HOURGLASS_DELAY 1

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Default pixel width of `thin-space' display method.  */
#define THIN_SPACE_WIDTH 1

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

/* Function prototypes.  */

static void setup_for_ellipsis (struct it *, int);
static void set_iterator_to_next (struct it *, bool);
static void mark_window_display_accurate_1 (struct window *, bool);
static bool row_for_charpos_p (struct glyph_row *, ptrdiff_t);
static bool cursor_row_p (struct glyph_row *);
static int redisplay_mode_lines (Lisp_Object, bool);

static void handle_line_prefix (struct it *);

static void handle_stop_backwards (struct it *, ptrdiff_t);
static void unwind_with_echo_area_buffer (Lisp_Object);
static Lisp_Object with_echo_area_buffer_unwind_data (struct window *);
static bool current_message_1 (ptrdiff_t, Lisp_Object);
static bool truncate_message_1 (ptrdiff_t, Lisp_Object);
static void set_message (Lisp_Object);
static bool set_message_1 (ptrdiff_t, Lisp_Object);
static bool display_echo_area_1 (ptrdiff_t, Lisp_Object);
static bool resize_mini_window_1 (ptrdiff_t, Lisp_Object);
static void unwind_redisplay (void);
static void extend_face_to_end_of_line (struct it *);
static intmax_t message_log_check_duplicate (ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t);
static void push_it (struct it *, struct text_pos *);
static void iterate_out_of_display_property (struct it *);
static void pop_it (struct it *);
static void redisplay_internal (void);
static void echo_area_display (bool);
static void block_buffer_flips (void);
static void unblock_buffer_flips (void);
static void redisplay_windows (Lisp_Object);
static void redisplay_window (Lisp_Object, bool);
static Lisp_Object redisplay_window_error (Lisp_Object);
static Lisp_Object redisplay_window_0 (Lisp_Object);
static Lisp_Object redisplay_window_1 (Lisp_Object);
static bool set_cursor_from_row (struct window *, struct glyph_row *,
                                 struct glyph_matrix *, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t,
                                 int, int);
static bool cursor_row_fully_visible_p (struct window *, bool, bool);
static bool update_menu_bar (struct frame *, bool, bool);
static bool try_window_reusing_current_matrix (struct window *);
static int try_window_id (struct window *);
static void maybe_produce_line_number (struct it *);
static bool should_produce_line_number (struct it *);
static bool display_line (struct it *, int);
static int display_mode_lines (struct window *);
static int display_mode_line (struct window *, enum face_id, Lisp_Object);
static int display_mode_element (struct it *, int, int, int, Lisp_Object,
                                 Lisp_Object, bool);
static int store_mode_line_string (const char *, Lisp_Object, bool, int, int,
                                   Lisp_Object);
static const char *decode_mode_spec (struct window *, int, int, Lisp_Object *);
static void display_menu_bar (struct window *);
static ptrdiff_t display_count_lines (ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t,
                                      ptrdiff_t *);
static void pint2str (register char *, register int, register ptrdiff_t);

static int display_string (const char *, Lisp_Object, Lisp_Object,
                           ptrdiff_t, ptrdiff_t, struct it *, int, int, int, int);
static void compute_line_metrics (struct it *);
static void run_redisplay_end_trigger_hook (struct it *);
static bool get_overlay_strings (struct it *, ptrdiff_t);
static bool get_overlay_strings_1 (struct it *, ptrdiff_t, bool);
static void next_overlay_string (struct it *);
static void reseat (struct it *, struct text_pos, bool);
static void reseat_1 (struct it *, struct text_pos, bool);
static bool next_element_from_display_vector (struct it *);
static bool next_element_from_string (struct it *);
static bool next_element_from_c_string (struct it *);
static bool next_element_from_buffer (struct it *);
static bool next_element_from_composition (struct it *);
static bool next_element_from_image (struct it *);
static bool next_element_from_stretch (struct it *);
static bool next_element_from_xwidget (struct it *);
static void load_overlay_strings (struct it *, ptrdiff_t);
static bool get_next_display_element (struct it *);
static enum move_it_result
       move_it_in_display_line_to (struct it *, ptrdiff_t, int,
                                   enum move_operation_enum);
static void get_visually_first_element (struct it *);
static void compute_stop_pos (struct it *);
static int face_before_or_after_it_pos (struct it *, bool);
static ptrdiff_t next_overlay_change (ptrdiff_t);
static int handle_display_spec (struct it *, Lisp_Object, Lisp_Object,
                                Lisp_Object, struct text_pos *, ptrdiff_t, bool);
static int handle_single_display_spec (struct it *, Lisp_Object, Lisp_Object,
                                       Lisp_Object, struct text_pos *,
                                       ptrdiff_t, int, bool, bool);
static int underlying_face_id (struct it *);

#define face_before_it_pos(IT) face_before_or_after_it_pos (IT, true)
#define face_after_it_pos(IT)  face_before_or_after_it_pos (IT, false)

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

static void update_tool_bar (struct frame *, bool);
static void x_draw_bottom_divider (struct window *w);
static void notice_overwritten_cursor (struct window *,
                                       enum glyph_row_area,
                                       int, int, int, int);
static int  normal_char_height (struct font *, int);
static void normal_char_ascent_descent (struct font *, int, int *, int *);

static void append_stretch_glyph (struct it *, Lisp_Object,
                                  int, int, int);

static Lisp_Object get_it_property (struct it *, Lisp_Object);
static Lisp_Object calc_line_height_property (struct it *, Lisp_Object,
                                              struct font *, int, bool);

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

static void produce_special_glyphs (struct it *, enum display_element_type);
static void show_mouse_face (Mouse_HLInfo *, enum draw_glyphs_face);
static bool coords_in_mouse_face_p (struct window *, int, int);


\f
/***********************************************************************
                      Window display dimensions
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Return the bottom boundary y-position for text lines in window W.
   This is the first y position at which a line cannot start.
   It is relative to the top of the window.

   This is the height of W minus the height of a mode line, if any.  */

int
window_text_bottom_y (struct window *w)
{
  int height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w);

  height -= WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);

  if (window_wants_mode_line (w))
    height -= CURRENT_MODE_LINE_HEIGHT (w);

  height -= WINDOW_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_HEIGHT (w);

  return height;
}

/* Return the pixel width of display area AREA of window W.
   ANY_AREA means return the total width of W, not including
   fringes to the left and right of the window.  */

int
window_box_width (struct window *w, enum glyph_row_area area)
{
  int width = w->pixel_width;

  if (!w->pseudo_window_p)
    {
      width -= WINDOW_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_WIDTH (w);
      width -= WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);

      if (area == TEXT_AREA)
        width -= (WINDOW_MARGINS_WIDTH (w)
                   + WINDOW_FRINGES_WIDTH (w));
      else if (area == LEFT_MARGIN_AREA)
        width = WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (w);
      else if (area == RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA)
        width = WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (w);
    }

  /* With wide margins, fringes, etc. we might end up with a negative
     width, correct that here.  */
  return max (0, width);
}


/* Return the pixel height of the display area of window W, not
   including mode lines of W, if any.  */

int
window_box_height (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w);

  eassert (height >= 0);

  height -= WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
  height -= WINDOW_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_HEIGHT (w);

  /* Note: the code below that determines the mode-line/header-line
     height is essentially the same as that contained in the macro
     CURRENT_{MODE,HEADER}_LINE_HEIGHT, except that it checks whether
     the appropriate glyph row has its `mode_line_p' flag set,
     and if it doesn't, uses estimate_mode_line_height instead.  */

  if (window_wants_mode_line (w))
    {
      struct glyph_row *ml_row
        = (w->current_matrix && w->current_matrix->rows
           ? MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)
           : 0);
      if (ml_row && ml_row->mode_line_p)
        height -= ml_row->height;
      else
        height -= estimate_mode_line_height (f, CURRENT_MODE_LINE_FACE_ID (w));
    }

  if (window_wants_header_line (w))
    {
      struct glyph_row *hl_row
        = (w->current_matrix && w->current_matrix->rows
           ? MATRIX_HEADER_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)
           : 0);
      if (hl_row && hl_row->mode_line_p)
        height -= hl_row->height;
      else
        height -= estimate_mode_line_height (f, HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID);
    }

  /* With a very small font and a mode-line that's taller than
     default, we might end up with a negative height.  */
  return max (0, height);
}

/* Return the window-relative coordinate of the left edge of display
   area AREA of window W.  ANY_AREA means return the left edge of the
   whole window, to the right of the left fringe of W.  */

int
window_box_left_offset (struct window *w, enum glyph_row_area area)
{
  int x;

  if (w->pseudo_window_p)
    return 0;

  x = WINDOW_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_WIDTH (w);

  if (area == TEXT_AREA)
    x += (WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w)
          + window_box_width (w, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA));
  else if (area == RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA)
    x += (WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w)
          + window_box_width (w, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA)
          + window_box_width (w, TEXT_AREA)
          + (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (w)
             ? 0
             : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w)));
  else if (area == LEFT_MARGIN_AREA
           && WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (w))
    x += WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w);

  /* Don't return more than the window's pixel width.  */
  return min (x, w->pixel_width);
}


/* Return the window-relative coordinate of the right edge of display
   area AREA of window W.  ANY_AREA means return the right edge of the
   whole window, to the left of the right fringe of W.  */

static int
window_box_right_offset (struct window *w, enum glyph_row_area area)
{
  /* Don't return more than the window's pixel width.  */
  return min (window_box_left_offset (w, area) + window_box_width (w, area),
              w->pixel_width);
}

/* Return the frame-relative coordinate of the left edge of display
   area AREA of window W.  ANY_AREA means return the left edge of the
   whole window, to the right of the left fringe of W.  */

int
window_box_left (struct window *w, enum glyph_row_area area)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int x;

  if (w->pseudo_window_p)
    return FRAME_INTERNAL_BORDER_WIDTH (f);

  x = (WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w)
       + window_box_left_offset (w, area));

  return x;
}


/* Return the frame-relative coordinate of the right edge of display
   area AREA of window W.  ANY_AREA means return the right edge of the
   whole window, to the left of the right fringe of W.  */

int
window_box_right (struct window *w, enum glyph_row_area area)
{
  return window_box_left (w, area) + window_box_width (w, area);
}

/* Get the bounding box of the display area AREA of window W, without
   mode lines, in frame-relative coordinates.  ANY_AREA means the
   whole window, not including the left and right fringes of
   the window.  Return in *BOX_X and *BOX_Y the frame-relative pixel
   coordinates of the upper-left corner of the box.  Return in
   *BOX_WIDTH, and *BOX_HEIGHT the pixel width and height of the box.  */

void
window_box (struct window *w, enum glyph_row_area area, int *box_x,
            int *box_y, int *box_width, int *box_height)
{
  if (box_width)
    *box_width = window_box_width (w, area);
  if (box_height)
    *box_height = window_box_height (w);
  if (box_x)
    *box_x = window_box_left (w, area);
  if (box_y)
    {
      *box_y = WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_Y (w);
      if (window_wants_header_line (w))
        *box_y += CURRENT_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
    }
}

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Get the bounding box of the display area AREA of window W, without
   mode lines and both fringes of the window.  Return in *TOP_LEFT_X
   and TOP_LEFT_Y the frame-relative pixel coordinates of the
   upper-left corner of the box.  Return in *BOTTOM_RIGHT_X, and
   *BOTTOM_RIGHT_Y the coordinates of the bottom-right corner of the
   box.  */

static void
window_box_edges (struct window *w, int *top_left_x, int *top_left_y,
                  int *bottom_right_x, int *bottom_right_y)
{
  window_box (w, ANY_AREA, top_left_x, top_left_y,
              bottom_right_x, bottom_right_y);
  *bottom_right_x += *top_left_x;
  *bottom_right_y += *top_left_y;
}

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

/***********************************************************************
                              Utilities
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Return the bottom y-position of the line the iterator IT is in.
   This can modify IT's settings.  */

int
line_bottom_y (struct it *it)
{
  int line_height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
  int line_top_y = it->current_y;

  if (line_height == 0)
    {
      if (last_height)
        line_height = last_height;
      else if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < ZV)
        {
          move_it_by_lines (it, 1);
          line_height = (it->max_ascent || it->max_descent
                         ? it->max_ascent + it->max_descent
                         : last_height);
        }
      else
        {
          struct glyph_row *row = it->glyph_row;

          /* Use the default character height.  */
          it->glyph_row = NULL;
          it->what = IT_CHARACTER;
          it->c = ' ';
          it->len = 1;
          PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);
          line_height = it->ascent + it->descent;
          it->glyph_row = row;
        }
    }

  return line_top_y + line_height;
}

DEFUN ("line-pixel-height", Fline_pixel_height,
       Sline_pixel_height, 0, 0, 0,
       doc: /* Return height in pixels of text line in the selected window.

Value is the height in pixels of the line at point.  */)
  (void)
{
  struct it it;
  struct text_pos pt;
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (selected_window);
  struct buffer *old_buffer = NULL;
  Lisp_Object result;

  if (XBUFFER (w->contents) != current_buffer)
    {
      old_buffer = current_buffer;
      set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->contents));
    }
  SET_TEXT_POS (pt, PT, PT_BYTE);
  start_display (&it, w, pt);
  /* Start from the beginning of the screen line, to make sure we
     traverse all of its display elements, and thus capture the
     correct metrics.  */
  move_it_by_lines (&it, 0);
  it.vpos = it.current_y = 0;
  last_height = 0;
  result = make_number (line_bottom_y (&it));
  if (old_buffer)
    set_buffer_internal_1 (old_buffer);

  return result;
}

/* Return the default pixel height of text lines in window W.  The
   value is the canonical height of the W frame's default font, plus
   any extra space required by the line-spacing variable or frame
   parameter.

   Implementation note: this ignores any line-spacing text properties
   put on the newline characters.  This is because those properties
   only affect the _screen_ line ending in the newline (i.e., in a
   continued line, only the last screen line will be affected), which
   means only a small number of lines in a buffer can ever use this
   feature.  Since this function is used to compute the default pixel
   equivalent of text lines in a window, we can safely ignore those
   few lines.  For the same reasons, we ignore the line-height
   properties.  */
int
default_line_pixel_height (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = WINDOW_XFRAME (w);
  int height = FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f);

  if (!FRAME_INITIAL_P (f) && BUFFERP (w->contents))
    {
      struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);
      Lisp_Object val = BVAR (b, extra_line_spacing);

      if (NILP (val))
        val = BVAR (&buffer_defaults, extra_line_spacing);
      if (!NILP (val))
        {
          if (RANGED_INTEGERP (0, val, INT_MAX))
            height += XFASTINT (val);
          else if (FLOATP (val))
            {
              int addon = XFLOAT_DATA (val) * height + 0.5;

              if (addon >= 0)
                height += addon;
            }
        }
      else
        height += f->extra_line_spacing;
    }

  return height;
}

/* Subroutine of pos_visible_p below.  Extracts a display string, if
   any, from the display spec given as its argument.  */
static Lisp_Object
string_from_display_spec (Lisp_Object spec)
{
  if (VECTORP (spec))
    {
      for (ptrdiff_t i = 0; i < ASIZE (spec); i++)
        if (STRINGP (AREF (spec, i)))
          return AREF (spec, i);
    }
  else
    {
      for (; CONSP (spec); spec = XCDR (spec))
        if (STRINGP (XCAR (spec)))
          return XCAR (spec);
    }
  return spec;
}


/* Limit insanely large values of W->hscroll on frame F to the largest
   value that will still prevent first_visible_x and last_visible_x of
   'struct it' from overflowing an int.  */
static int
window_hscroll_limited (struct window *w, struct frame *f)
{
  ptrdiff_t window_hscroll = w->hscroll;
  int window_text_width = window_box_width (w, TEXT_AREA);
  int colwidth = FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (f);

  if (window_hscroll > (INT_MAX - window_text_width) / colwidth - 1)
    window_hscroll = (INT_MAX - window_text_width) / colwidth - 1;

  return window_hscroll;
}

/* Return true if position CHARPOS is visible in window W.
   CHARPOS < 0 means return info about WINDOW_END position.
   If visible, set *X and *Y to pixel coordinates of top left corner.
   Set *RTOP and *RBOT to pixel height of an invisible area of glyph at POS.
   Set *ROWH and *VPOS to row's visible height and VPOS (row number).  */

bool
pos_visible_p (struct window *w, ptrdiff_t charpos, int *x, int *y,
               int *rtop, int *rbot, int *rowh, int *vpos)
{
  struct it it;
  void *itdata = bidi_shelve_cache ();
  struct text_pos top;
  bool visible_p = false;
  struct buffer *old_buffer = NULL;
  bool r2l = false;

  if (FRAME_INITIAL_P (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w))))
    return visible_p;

  if (XBUFFER (w->contents) != current_buffer)
    {
      old_buffer = current_buffer;
      set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->contents));
    }

  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (top, w->start);
  /* Scrolling a minibuffer window via scroll bar when the echo area
     shows long text sometimes resets the minibuffer contents behind
     our backs.  Also, someone might narrow-to-region and immediately
     call a scroll function.  */
  if (CHARPOS (top) > ZV || CHARPOS (top) < BEGV)
    SET_TEXT_POS (top, BEGV, BEGV_BYTE);

  /* If the top of the window is after CHARPOS, the latter is surely
     not visible.  */
  if (charpos >= 0 && CHARPOS (top) > charpos)
    return visible_p;

  /* Some Lisp hook could call us in the middle of redisplaying this
     very window.  If, by some bad luck, we are retrying redisplay
     because we found that the mode-line height and/or header-line
     height needs to be updated, the assignment of mode_line_height
     and header_line_height below could disrupt that, due to the
     selected/nonselected window dance during mode-line display, and
     we could infloop.  Avoid that.  */
  int prev_mode_line_height = w->mode_line_height;
  int prev_header_line_height = w->header_line_height;
  /* Compute exact mode line heights.  */
  if (window_wants_mode_line (w))
    {
      Lisp_Object window_mode_line_format
        = window_parameter (w, Qmode_line_format);

      w->mode_line_height
        = display_mode_line (w, CURRENT_MODE_LINE_FACE_ID (w),
                             NILP (window_mode_line_format)
                             ? BVAR (current_buffer, mode_line_format)
                             : window_mode_line_format);
    }

  if (window_wants_header_line (w))
    {
      Lisp_Object window_header_line_format
        = window_parameter (w, Qheader_line_format);

      w->header_line_height
        = display_mode_line (w, HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID,
                             NILP (window_header_line_format)
                             ? BVAR (current_buffer, header_line_format)
                             : window_header_line_format);
    }

  start_display (&it, w, top);
  move_it_to (&it, charpos, -1, it.last_visible_y - 1, -1,
              (charpos >= 0 ? MOVE_TO_POS : 0) | MOVE_TO_Y);

  /* Adjust for line numbers, if CHARPOS is at or beyond first_visible_x,
     but we didn't yet produce the line-number glyphs.  */
  if (!NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers)
      && it.current_x >= it.first_visible_x
      && IT_CHARPOS (it) == charpos
      && !it.line_number_produced_p)
    {
      /* If the pixel width of line numbers was not yet known, compute
         it now.  This usually happens in the first display line of a
         window.  */
      if (!it.lnum_pixel_width)
        {
          struct it it2;
          void *it2data = NULL;

          SAVE_IT (it2, it, it2data);
          move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
          it2.lnum_pixel_width = it.lnum_pixel_width;
          RESTORE_IT (&it, &it2, it2data);
        }
      it.current_x += it.lnum_pixel_width;
    }

  if (charpos >= 0
      && (((!it.bidi_p || it.bidi_it.scan_dir != -1)
           && IT_CHARPOS (it) >= charpos)
          /* When scanning backwards under bidi iteration, move_it_to
             stops at or _before_ CHARPOS, because it stops at or to
             the _right_ of the character at CHARPOS.  */
          || (it.bidi_p && it.bidi_it.scan_dir == -1
              && IT_CHARPOS (it) <= charpos)))
    {
      /* We have reached CHARPOS, or passed it.  How the call to
         move_it_to can overshoot: (i) If CHARPOS is on invisible text
         or covered by a display property, move_it_to stops at the end
         of the invisible text, to the right of CHARPOS.  (ii) If
         CHARPOS is in a display vector, move_it_to stops on its last
         glyph.  */
      int top_x = it.current_x;
      int top_y = it.current_y;
      int window_top_y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
      int bottom_y;
      struct it save_it;
      void *save_it_data = NULL;

      /* Calling line_bottom_y may change it.method, it.position, etc.  */
      SAVE_IT (save_it, it, save_it_data);
      last_height = 0;
      bottom_y = line_bottom_y (&it);
      if (top_y < window_top_y)
        visible_p = bottom_y > window_top_y;
      else if (top_y < it.last_visible_y)
        visible_p = true;
      if (bottom_y >= it.last_visible_y
          && it.bidi_p && it.bidi_it.scan_dir == -1
          && IT_CHARPOS (it) < charpos)
        {
          /* When the last line of the window is scanned backwards
             under bidi iteration, we could be duped into thinking
             that we have passed CHARPOS, when in fact move_it_to
             simply stopped short of CHARPOS because it reached
             last_visible_y.  To see if that's what happened, we call
             move_it_to again with a slightly larger vertical limit,
             and see if it actually moved vertically; if it did, we
             didn't really reach CHARPOS, which is beyond window end.  */
          /* Why 10? because we don't know how many canonical lines
             will the height of the next line(s) be.  So we guess.  */
          int ten_more_lines = 10 * default_line_pixel_height (w);

          move_it_to (&it, charpos, -1, bottom_y + ten_more_lines, -1,
                      MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_Y);
          if (it.current_y > top_y)
            visible_p = false;

        }
      RESTORE_IT (&it, &save_it, save_it_data);
      if (visible_p)
        {
          if (it.method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR)
            {
              /* We stopped on the last glyph of a display vector.
                 Try and recompute.  Hack alert!  */
              if (charpos < 2 || top.charpos >= charpos)
                top_x = it.glyph_row->x;
              else
                {
                  struct it it2, it2_prev;
                  /* The idea is to get to the previous buffer
                     position, consume the character there, and use
                     the pixel coordinates we get after that.  But if
                     the previous buffer position is also displayed
                     from a display vector, we need to consume all of
                     the glyphs from that display vector.  */
                  start_display (&it2, w, top);
                  move_it_to (&it2, charpos - 1, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
                  /* If we didn't get to CHARPOS - 1, there's some
                     replacing display property at that position, and
                     we stopped after it.  That is exactly the place
                     whose coordinates we want.  */
                  if (IT_CHARPOS (it2) != charpos - 1)
                    it2_prev = it2;
                  else
                    {
                      /* Iterate until we get out of the display
                         vector that displays the character at
                         CHARPOS - 1.  */
                      do {
                        get_next_display_element (&it2);
                        PRODUCE_GLYPHS (&it2);
                        it2_prev = it2;
                        set_iterator_to_next (&it2, true);
                      } while (it2.method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR
                               && IT_CHARPOS (it2) < charpos);
                    }
                  if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (&it2_prev)
                      || it2_prev.current_x > it2_prev.last_visible_x)
                    top_x = it.glyph_row->x;
                  else
                    {
                      top_x = it2_prev.current_x;
                      top_y = it2_prev.current_y;
                    }
                }
            }
          else if (IT_CHARPOS (it) != charpos)
            {
              Lisp_Object cpos = make_number (charpos);
              Lisp_Object spec = Fget_char_property (cpos, Qdisplay, Qnil);
              Lisp_Object string = string_from_display_spec (spec);
              struct text_pos tpos;
              bool newline_in_string
                = (STRINGP (string)
                   && memchr (SDATA (string), '\n', SBYTES (string)));

              SET_TEXT_POS (tpos, charpos, CHAR_TO_BYTE (charpos));
              bool replacing_spec_p
                = (!NILP (spec)
                   && handle_display_spec (NULL, spec, Qnil, Qnil, &tpos,
                                           charpos, FRAME_WINDOW_P (it.f)));
              /* The tricky code below is needed because there's a
                 discrepancy between move_it_to and how we set cursor
                 when PT is at the beginning of a portion of text
                 covered by a display property or an overlay with a
                 display property, or the display line ends in a
                 newline from a display string.  move_it_to will stop
                 _after_ such display strings, whereas
                 set_cursor_from_row conspires with cursor_row_p to
                 place the cursor on the first glyph produced from the
                 display string.  */

              /* We have overshoot PT because it is covered by a
                 display property that replaces the text it covers.
                 If the string includes embedded newlines, we are also
                 in the wrong display line.  Backtrack to the correct
                 line, where the display property begins.  */
              if (replacing_spec_p)
                {
                  Lisp_Object startpos, endpos;
                  EMACS_INT start, end;
                  struct it it3;

                  /* Find the first and the last buffer positions
                     covered by the display string.  */
                  endpos =
                    Fnext_single_char_property_change (cpos, Qdisplay,
                                                       Qnil, Qnil);
                  startpos =
                    Fprevious_single_char_property_change (endpos, Qdisplay,
                                                           Qnil, Qnil);
                  start = XFASTINT (startpos);
                  end = XFASTINT (endpos);
                  /* Move to the last buffer position before the
                     display property.  */
                  start_display (&it3, w, top);
                  if (start > CHARPOS (top))
                    move_it_to (&it3, start - 1, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
                  /* Move forward one more line if the position before
                     the display string is a newline or if it is the
                     rightmost character on a line that is
                     continued or word-wrapped.  */
                  if (it3.method == GET_FROM_BUFFER
                      && (it3.c == '\n'
                          || FETCH_BYTE (IT_BYTEPOS (it3)) == '\n'))
                    move_it_by_lines (&it3, 1);
                  else if (move_it_in_display_line_to (&it3, -1,
                                                       it3.current_x
                                                       + it3.pixel_width,
                                                       MOVE_TO_X)
                           == MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED)
                    {
                      move_it_by_lines (&it3, 1);
                      /* When we are under word-wrap, the #$@%!
                         move_it_by_lines moves 2 lines, so we need to
                         fix that up.  */
                      if (it3.line_wrap == WORD_WRAP)
                        move_it_by_lines (&it3, -1);
                    }

                  /* Record the vertical coordinate of the display
                     line where we wound up.  */
                  top_y = it3.current_y;
                  if (it3.bidi_p)
                    {
                      /* When characters are reordered for display,
                         the character displayed to the left of the
                         display string could be _after_ the display
                         property in the logical order.  Use the
                         smallest vertical position of these two.  */
                      start_display (&it3, w, top);
                      move_it_to (&it3, end + 1, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
                      if (it3.current_y < top_y)
                        top_y = it3.current_y;
                    }
                  /* Move from the top of the window to the beginning
                     of the display line where the display string
                     begins.  */
                  start_display (&it3, w, top);
                  move_it_to (&it3, -1, 0, top_y, -1, MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_Y);
                  /* If it3_moved stays false after the 'while' loop
                     below, that means we already were at a newline
                     before the loop (e.g., the display string begins
                     with a newline), so we don't need to (and cannot)
                     inspect the glyphs of it3.glyph_row, because
                     PRODUCE_GLYPHS will not produce anything for a
                     newline, and thus it3.glyph_row stays at its
                     stale content it got at top of the window.  */
                  bool it3_moved = false;
                  /* Finally, advance the iterator until we hit the
                     first display element whose character position is
                     CHARPOS, or until the first newline from the
                     display string, which signals the end of the
                     display line.  */
                  while (get_next_display_element (&it3))
                    {
                      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (&it3);
                      if (IT_CHARPOS (it3) == charpos
                          || ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (&it3))
                        break;
                      it3_moved = true;
                      set_iterator_to_next (&it3, false);
                    }
                  top_x = it3.current_x - it3.pixel_width;
                  /* Normally, we would exit the above loop because we
                     found the display element whose character
                     position is CHARPOS.  For the contingency that we
                     didn't, and stopped at the first newline from the
                     display string, move back over the glyphs
                     produced from the string, until we find the
                     rightmost glyph not from the string.  */
                  if (it3_moved
                      && newline_in_string
                      && IT_CHARPOS (it3) != charpos && EQ (it3.object, string))
                    {
                      struct glyph *g = it3.glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                                        + it3.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];

                      while (EQ ((g - 1)->object, string))
                        {
                          --g;
                          top_x -= g->pixel_width;
                        }
                      eassert (g < it3.glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                                    + it3.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA]);
                    }
                }
            }

          *x = top_x;
          *y = max (top_y + max (0, it.max_ascent - it.ascent), window_top_y);
          *rtop = max (0, window_top_y - top_y);
          *rbot = max (0, bottom_y - it.last_visible_y);
          *rowh = max (0, (min (bottom_y, it.last_visible_y)
                           - max (top_y, window_top_y)));
          *vpos = it.vpos;
          if (it.bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
            r2l = true;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* Either we were asked to provide info about WINDOW_END, or
         CHARPOS is in the partially visible glyph row at end of
         window.  */
      struct it it2;
      void *it2data = NULL;

      SAVE_IT (it2, it, it2data);
      if (IT_CHARPOS (it) < ZV && FETCH_BYTE (IT_BYTEPOS (it)) != '\n')
        move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
      if (charpos < IT_CHARPOS (it)
          || (it.what == IT_EOB && charpos == IT_CHARPOS (it)))
        {
          visible_p = true;
          RESTORE_IT (&it2, &it2, it2data);
          move_it_to (&it2, charpos, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
          *x = it2.current_x;
          *y = it2.current_y + it2.max_ascent - it2.ascent;
          *rtop = max (0, -it2.current_y);
          *rbot = max (0, ((it2.current_y + it2.max_ascent + it2.max_descent)
                           - it.last_visible_y));
          *rowh = max (0, (min (it2.current_y + it2.max_ascent + it2.max_descent,
                                it.last_visible_y)
                           - max (it2.current_y,
                                  WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w))));
          *vpos = it2.vpos;
          if (it2.bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
            r2l = true;
        }
      else
        bidi_unshelve_cache (it2data, true);
    }
  bidi_unshelve_cache (itdata, false);

  if (old_buffer)
    set_buffer_internal_1 (old_buffer);

  if (visible_p)
    {
      if (w->hscroll > 0)
        *x -=
          window_hscroll_limited (w, WINDOW_XFRAME (w))
          * WINDOW_FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (w);
      /* For lines in an R2L paragraph, we need to mirror the X pixel
         coordinate wrt the text area.  For the reasons, see the
         commentary in buffer_posn_from_coords and the explanation of
         the geometry used by the move_it_* functions at the end of
         the large commentary near the beginning of this file.  */
      if (r2l)
        *x = window_box_width (w, TEXT_AREA) - *x - 1;
    }

#if false
  /* Debugging code.  */
  if (visible_p)
    fprintf (stderr, "+pv pt=%d vs=%d --> x=%d y=%d rt=%d rb=%d rh=%d vp=%d\n",
             charpos, w->vscroll, *x, *y, *rtop, *rbot, *rowh, *vpos);
  else
    fprintf (stderr, "-pv pt=%d vs=%d\n", charpos, w->vscroll);
#endif

  /* Restore potentially overwritten values.  */
  w->mode_line_height = prev_mode_line_height;
  w->header_line_height = prev_header_line_height;

  return visible_p;
}


/* Return the next character from STR.  Return in *LEN the length of
   the character.  This is like STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH but never
   returns an invalid character.  If we find one, we return a `?', but
   with the length of the invalid character.  */

static int
string_char_and_length (const unsigned char *str, int *len)
{
  int c;

  c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (str, *len);
  if (!CHAR_VALID_P (c))
    /* We may not change the length here because other places in Emacs
       don't use this function, i.e. they silently accept invalid
       characters.  */
    c = '?';

  return c;
}



/* Given a position POS containing a valid character and byte position
   in STRING, return the position NCHARS ahead (NCHARS >= 0).  */

static struct text_pos
string_pos_nchars_ahead (struct text_pos pos, Lisp_Object string, ptrdiff_t nchars)
{
  eassert (STRINGP (string) && nchars >= 0);

  if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    {
      const unsigned char *p = SDATA (string) + BYTEPOS (pos);
      int len;

      while (nchars--)
        {
          string_char_and_length (p, &len);
          p += len;
          CHARPOS (pos) += 1;
          BYTEPOS (pos) += len;
        }
    }
  else
    SET_TEXT_POS (pos, CHARPOS (pos) + nchars, BYTEPOS (pos) + nchars);

  return pos;
}


/* Value is the text position, i.e. character and byte position,
   for character position CHARPOS in STRING.  */

static struct text_pos
string_pos (ptrdiff_t charpos, Lisp_Object string)
{
  struct text_pos pos;
  eassert (STRINGP (string));
  eassert (charpos >= 0);
  SET_TEXT_POS (pos, charpos, string_char_to_byte (string, charpos));
  return pos;
}


/* Value is a text position, i.e. character and byte position, for
   character position CHARPOS in C string S.  MULTIBYTE_P
   means recognize multibyte characters.  */

static struct text_pos
c_string_pos (ptrdiff_t charpos, const char *s, bool multibyte_p)
{
  struct text_pos pos;

  eassert (s != NULL);
  eassert (charpos >= 0);

  if (multibyte_p)
    {
      int len;

      SET_TEXT_POS (pos, 0, 0);
      while (charpos--)
        {
          string_char_and_length ((const unsigned char *) s, &len);
          s += len;
          CHARPOS (pos) += 1;
          BYTEPOS (pos) += len;
        }
    }
  else
    SET_TEXT_POS (pos, charpos, charpos);

  return pos;
}


/* Value is the number of characters in C string S.  MULTIBYTE_P
   means recognize multibyte characters.  */

static ptrdiff_t
number_of_chars (const char *s, bool multibyte_p)
{
  ptrdiff_t nchars;

  if (multibyte_p)
    {
      ptrdiff_t rest = strlen (s);
      int len;
      const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *) s;

      for (nchars = 0; rest > 0; ++nchars)
        {
          string_char_and_length (p, &len);
          rest -= len, p += len;
        }
    }
  else
    nchars = strlen (s);

  return nchars;
}


/* Compute byte position NEWPOS->bytepos corresponding to
   NEWPOS->charpos.  POS is a known position in string STRING.
   NEWPOS->charpos must be >= POS.charpos.  */

static void
compute_string_pos (struct text_pos *newpos, struct text_pos pos, Lisp_Object string)
{
  eassert (STRINGP (string));
  eassert (CHARPOS (*newpos) >= CHARPOS (pos));

  if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (string))
    *newpos = string_pos_nchars_ahead (pos, string,
                                       CHARPOS (*newpos) - CHARPOS (pos));
  else
    BYTEPOS (*newpos) = CHARPOS (*newpos);
}

/* EXPORT:
   Return an estimation of the pixel height of mode or header lines on
   frame F.  FACE_ID specifies what line's height to estimate.  */

int
estimate_mode_line_height (struct frame *f, enum face_id face_id)
{
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
    {
      int height = FONT_HEIGHT (FRAME_FONT (f));

      /* This function is called so early when Emacs starts that the face
         cache and mode line face are not yet initialized.  */
      if (FRAME_FACE_CACHE (f))
        {
          struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (f, face_id);
          if (face)
            {
              if (face->font)
                height = normal_char_height (face->font, -1);
              if (face->box_line_width > 0)
                height += 2 * face->box_line_width;
            }
        }

      return height;
    }
#endif

  return 1;
}

/* Given a pixel position (PIX_X, PIX_Y) on frame F, return glyph
   co-ordinates in (*X, *Y).  Set *BOUNDS to the rectangle that the
   glyph at X, Y occupies, if BOUNDS != 0.  If NOCLIP, do
   not force the value into range.  */

void
pixel_to_glyph_coords (struct frame *f, int pix_x, int pix_y, int *x, int *y,
                       NativeRectangle *bounds, bool noclip)
{

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
    {
      /* Arrange for the division in FRAME_PIXEL_X_TO_COL etc. to round down
         even for negative values.  */
      if (pix_x < 0)
        pix_x -= FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (f) - 1;
      if (pix_y < 0)
        pix_y -= FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f) - 1;

      pix_x = FRAME_PIXEL_X_TO_COL (f, pix_x);
      pix_y = FRAME_PIXEL_Y_TO_LINE (f, pix_y);

      if (bounds)
        STORE_NATIVE_RECT (*bounds,
                           FRAME_COL_TO_PIXEL_X (f, pix_x),
                           FRAME_LINE_TO_PIXEL_Y (f, pix_y),
                           FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (f) - 1,
                           FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f) - 1);

      /* PXW: Should we clip pixels before converting to columns/lines?  */
      if (!noclip)
        {
          if (pix_x < 0)
            pix_x = 0;
          else if (pix_x > FRAME_TOTAL_COLS (f))
            pix_x = FRAME_TOTAL_COLS (f);

          if (pix_y < 0)
            pix_y = 0;
          else if (pix_y > FRAME_TOTAL_LINES (f))
            pix_y = FRAME_TOTAL_LINES (f);
        }
    }
#endif

  *x = pix_x;
  *y = pix_y;
}


/* Find the glyph under window-relative coordinates X/Y in window W.
   Consider only glyphs from buffer text, i.e. no glyphs from overlay
   strings.  Return in *HPOS and *VPOS the row and column number of
   the glyph found.  Return in *AREA the glyph area containing X.
   Value is a pointer to the glyph found or null if X/Y is not on
   text, or we can't tell because W's current matrix is not up to
   date.  */

static struct glyph *
x_y_to_hpos_vpos (struct window *w, int x, int y, int *hpos, int *vpos,
                  int *dx, int *dy, int *area)
{
  struct glyph *glyph, *end;
  struct glyph_row *row = NULL;
  int x0, i;

  /* Find row containing Y.  Give up if some row is not enabled.  */
  for (i = 0; i < w->current_matrix->nrows; ++i)
    {
      row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, i);
      if (!row->enabled_p)
        return NULL;
      if (y >= row->y && y < MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row))
        break;
    }

  *vpos = i;
  *hpos = 0;

  /* Give up if Y is not in the window.  */
  if (i == w->current_matrix->nrows)
    return NULL;

  /* Get the glyph area containing X.  */
  if (w->pseudo_window_p)
    {
      *area = TEXT_AREA;
      x0 = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      if (x < window_box_left_offset (w, TEXT_AREA))
        {
          *area = LEFT_MARGIN_AREA;
          x0 = window_box_left_offset (w, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA);
        }
      else if (x < window_box_right_offset (w, TEXT_AREA))
        {
          *area = TEXT_AREA;
          x0 = window_box_left_offset (w, TEXT_AREA) + min (row->x, 0);
        }
      else
        {
          *area = RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA;
          x0 = window_box_left_offset (w, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA);
        }
    }

  /* Find glyph containing X.  */
  glyph = row->glyphs[*area];
  end = glyph + row->used[*area];
  x -= x0;
  while (glyph < end && x >= glyph->pixel_width)
    {
      x -= glyph->pixel_width;
      ++glyph;
    }

  if (glyph == end)
    return NULL;

  if (dx)
    {
      *dx = x;
      *dy = y - (row->y + row->ascent - glyph->ascent);
    }

  *hpos = glyph - row->glyphs[*area];
  return glyph;
}

/* Convert frame-relative x/y to coordinates relative to window W.
   Takes pseudo-windows into account.  */

static void
frame_to_window_pixel_xy (struct window *w, int *x, int *y)
{
  if (w->pseudo_window_p)
    {
      /* A pseudo-window is always full-width, and starts at the
         left edge of the frame, plus a frame border.  */
      struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
      *x -= FRAME_INTERNAL_BORDER_WIDTH (f);
      *y = FRAME_TO_WINDOW_PIXEL_Y (w, *y);
    }
  else
    {
      *x -= WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w);
      *y = FRAME_TO_WINDOW_PIXEL_Y (w, *y);
    }
}

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* EXPORT:
   Return in RECTS[] at most N clipping rectangles for glyph string S.
   Return the number of stored rectangles.  */

int
get_glyph_string_clip_rects (struct glyph_string *s, NativeRectangle *rects, int n)
{
  XRectangle r;

  if (n <= 0)
    return 0;

  if (s->row->full_width_p)
    {
      /* Draw full-width.  X coordinates are relative to S->w->left_col.  */
      r.x = WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (s->w);
      if (s->row->mode_line_p)
        r.width = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (s->w) - WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (s->w);
      else
        r.width = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (s->w);

      /* Unless displaying a mode or menu bar line, which are always
         fully visible, clip to the visible part of the row.  */
      if (s->w->pseudo_window_p)
        r.height = s->row->visible_height;
      else
        r.height = s->height;
    }
  else
    {
      /* This is a text line that may be partially visible.  */
      r.x = window_box_left (s->w, s->area);
      r.width = window_box_width (s->w, s->area);
      r.height = s->row->visible_height;
    }

  if (s->clip_head)
    if (r.x < s->clip_head->x)
      {
        if (r.width >= s->clip_head->x - r.x)
          r.width -= s->clip_head->x - r.x;
        else
          r.width = 0;
        r.x = s->clip_head->x;
      }
  if (s->clip_tail)
    if (r.x + r.width > s->clip_tail->x + s->clip_tail->background_width)
      {
        if (s->clip_tail->x + s->clip_tail->background_width >= r.x)
          r.width = s->clip_tail->x + s->clip_tail->background_width - r.x;
        else
          r.width = 0;
      }

  /* If S draws overlapping rows, it's sufficient to use the top and
     bottom of the window for clipping because this glyph string
     intentionally draws over other lines.  */
  if (s->for_overlaps)
    {
      r.y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (s->w);
      r.height = window_text_bottom_y (s->w) - r.y;

      /* Alas, the above simple strategy does not work for the
         environments with anti-aliased text: if the same text is
         drawn onto the same place multiple times, it gets thicker.
         If the overlap we are processing is for the erased cursor, we
         take the intersection with the rectangle of the cursor.  */
      if (s->for_overlaps & OVERLAPS_ERASED_CURSOR)
        {
          XRectangle rc, r_save = r;

          rc.x = WINDOW_TEXT_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_X (s->w, s->w->phys_cursor.x);
          rc.y = s->w->phys_cursor.y;
          rc.width = s->w->phys_cursor_width;
          rc.height = s->w->phys_cursor_height;

          x_intersect_rectangles (&r_save, &rc, &r);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* Don't use S->y for clipping because it doesn't take partially
         visible lines into account.  For example, it can be negative for
         partially visible lines at the top of a window.  */
      if (!s->row->full_width_p
          && MATRIX_ROW_PARTIALLY_VISIBLE_AT_TOP_P (s->w, s->row))
        r.y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (s->w);
      else
        r.y = max (0, s->row->y);
    }

  r.y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (s->w, r.y);

  /* If drawing the cursor, don't let glyph draw outside its
     advertised boundaries. Cleartype does this under some circumstances.  */
  if (s->hl == DRAW_CURSOR)
    {
      struct glyph *glyph = s->first_glyph;
      int height, max_y;

      if (s->x > r.x)
        {
          if (r.width >= s->x - r.x)
            r.width -= s->x - r.x;
          else  /* R2L hscrolled row with cursor outside text area */
            r.width = 0;
          r.x = s->x;
        }
      r.width = min (r.width, glyph->pixel_width);

      /* If r.y is below window bottom, ensure that we still see a cursor.  */
      height = min (glyph->ascent + glyph->descent,
                    min (FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (s->f), s->row->visible_height));
      max_y = window_text_bottom_y (s->w) - height;
      max_y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (s->w, max_y);
      if (s->ybase - glyph->ascent > max_y)
        {
          r.y = max_y;
          r.height = height;
        }
      else
        {
          /* Don't draw cursor glyph taller than our actual glyph.  */
          height = max (FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (s->f), glyph->ascent + glyph->descent);
          if (height < r.height)
            {
              max_y = r.y + r.height;
              r.y = min (max_y, max (r.y, s->ybase + glyph->descent - height));
              r.height = min (max_y - r.y, height);
            }
        }
    }

  if (s->row->clip)
    {
      XRectangle r_save = r;

      if (! x_intersect_rectangles (&r_save, s->row->clip, &r))
        r.width = 0;
    }

  if ((s->for_overlaps & OVERLAPS_BOTH) == 0
      || ((s->for_overlaps & OVERLAPS_BOTH) == OVERLAPS_BOTH && n == 1))
    {
#ifdef CONVERT_FROM_XRECT
      CONVERT_FROM_XRECT (r, *rects);
#else
      *rects = r;
#endif
      return 1;
    }
  else
    {
      /* If we are processing overlapping and allowed to return
         multiple clipping rectangles, we exclude the row of the glyph
         string from the clipping rectangle.  This is to avoid drawing
         the same text on the environment with anti-aliasing.  */
#ifdef CONVERT_FROM_XRECT
      XRectangle rs[2];
#else
      XRectangle *rs = rects;
#endif
      int i = 0, row_y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (s->w, s->row->y);

      if (s->for_overlaps & OVERLAPS_PRED)
        {
          rs[i] = r;
          if (r.y + r.height > row_y)
            {
              if (r.y < row_y)
                rs[i].height = row_y - r.y;
              else
                rs[i].height = 0;
            }
          i++;
        }
      if (s->for_overlaps & OVERLAPS_SUCC)
        {
          rs[i] = r;
          if (r.y < row_y + s->row->visible_height)
            {
              if (r.y + r.height > row_y + s->row->visible_height)
                {
                  rs[i].y = row_y + s->row->visible_height;
                  rs[i].height = r.y + r.height - rs[i].y;
                }
              else
                rs[i].height = 0;
            }
          i++;
        }

      n = i;
#ifdef CONVERT_FROM_XRECT
      for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        CONVERT_FROM_XRECT (rs[i], rects[i]);
#endif
      return n;
    }
}

/* EXPORT:
   Return in *NR the clipping rectangle for glyph string S.  */

void
get_glyph_string_clip_rect (struct glyph_string *s, NativeRectangle *nr)
{
  get_glyph_string_clip_rects (s, nr, 1);
}


/* EXPORT:
   Return the position and height of the phys cursor in window W.
   Set w->phys_cursor_width to width of phys cursor.
*/

void
get_phys_cursor_geometry (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row,
                          struct glyph *glyph, int *xp, int *yp, int *heightp)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  int x, y, wd, h, h0, y0, ascent;

  /* Compute the width of the rectangle to draw.  If on a stretch
     glyph, and `x-stretch-block-cursor' is nil, don't draw a
     rectangle as wide as the glyph, but use a canonical character
     width instead.  */
  wd = glyph->pixel_width;

  x = w->phys_cursor.x;
  if (x < 0)
    {
      wd += x;
      x = 0;
    }

  if (glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH
      && !x_stretch_cursor_p)
    wd = min (FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (f), wd);
  w->phys_cursor_width = wd;

  /* Don't let the hollow cursor glyph descend below the glyph row's
     ascent value, lest the hollow cursor looks funny.  */
  y = w->phys_cursor.y;
  ascent = row->ascent;
  if (row->ascent < glyph->ascent)
    {
      y -= glyph->ascent - row->ascent;
      ascent = glyph->ascent;
    }

  /* If y is below window bottom, ensure that we still see a cursor.  */
  h0 = min (FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f), row->visible_height);

  h = max (h0, ascent + glyph->descent);
  h0 = min (h0, ascent + glyph->descent);

  y0 = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
  if (y < y0)
    {
      h = max (h - (y0 - y) + 1, h0);
      y = y0 - 1;
    }
  else
    {
      y0 = window_text_bottom_y (w) - h0;
      if (y > y0)
        {
          h += y - y0;
          y = y0;
        }
    }

  *xp = WINDOW_TEXT_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_X (w, x);
  *yp = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (w, y);
  *heightp = h;
}

/*
 * Remember which glyph the mouse is over.
 */

void
remember_mouse_glyph (struct frame *f, int gx, int gy, NativeRectangle *rect)
{
  Lisp_Object window;
  struct window *w;
  struct glyph_row *r, *gr, *end_row;
  enum window_part part;
  enum glyph_row_area area;
  int x, y, width, height;

  /* Try to determine frame pixel position and size of the glyph under
     frame pixel coordinates X/Y on frame F.  */

  if (window_resize_pixelwise)
    {
      width = height = 1;
      goto virtual_glyph;
    }
  else if (!f->glyphs_initialized_p
           || (window = window_from_coordinates (f, gx, gy, &part, false),
               NILP (window)))
    {
      width = FRAME_SMALLEST_CHAR_WIDTH (f);
      height = FRAME_SMALLEST_FONT_HEIGHT (f);
      goto virtual_glyph;
    }

  w = XWINDOW (window);
  width = WINDOW_FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (w);
  height = WINDOW_FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (w);

  x = window_relative_x_coord (w, part, gx);
  y = gy - WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_Y (w);

  r = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
  end_row = MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix, w);

  if (w->pseudo_window_p)
    {
      area = TEXT_AREA;
      part = ON_MODE_LINE; /* Don't adjust margin. */
      goto text_glyph;
    }

  switch (part)
    {
    case ON_LEFT_MARGIN:
      area = LEFT_MARGIN_AREA;
      goto text_glyph;

    case ON_RIGHT_MARGIN:
      area = RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA;
      goto text_glyph;

    case ON_HEADER_LINE:
    case ON_MODE_LINE:
      gr = (part == ON_HEADER_LINE
            ? MATRIX_HEADER_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)
            : MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix));
      gy = gr->y;
      area = TEXT_AREA;
      goto text_glyph_row_found;

    case ON_TEXT:
      area = TEXT_AREA;

    text_glyph:
      gr = 0; gy = 0;
      for (; r <= end_row && r->enabled_p; ++r)
        if (r->y + r->height > y)
          {
            gr = r; gy = r->y;
            break;
          }

    text_glyph_row_found:
      if (gr && gy <= y)
        {
          struct glyph *g = gr->glyphs[area];
          struct glyph *end = g + gr->used[area];

          height = gr->height;
          for (gx = gr->x; g < end; gx += g->pixel_width, ++g)
            if (gx + g->pixel_width > x)
              break;

          if (g < end)
            {
              if (g->type == IMAGE_GLYPH)
                {
                  /* Don't remember when mouse is over image, as
                     image may have hot-spots.  */
                  STORE_NATIVE_RECT (*rect, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                  return;
                }
              width = g->pixel_width;
            }
          else
            {
              /* Use nominal char spacing at end of line.  */
              x -= gx;
              gx += (x / width) * width;
            }

          if (part != ON_MODE_LINE && part != ON_HEADER_LINE)
            {
              gx += window_box_left_offset (w, area);
              /* Don't expand over the modeline to make sure the vertical
                 drag cursor is shown early enough.  */
              height = min (height,
                            max (0, WINDOW_BOX_HEIGHT_NO_MODE_LINE (w) - gy));
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* Use nominal line height at end of window.  */
          gx = (x / width) * width;
          y -= gy;
          gy += (y / height) * height;
          if (part != ON_MODE_LINE && part != ON_HEADER_LINE)
            /* See comment above.  */
            height = min (height,
                          max (0, WINDOW_BOX_HEIGHT_NO_MODE_LINE (w) - gy));
        }
      break;

    case ON_LEFT_FRINGE:
      gx = (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (w)
            ? WINDOW_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_WIDTH (w)
            : window_box_right_offset (w, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA));
      width = WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w);
      goto row_glyph;

    case ON_RIGHT_FRINGE:
      gx = (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (w)
            ? window_box_right_offset (w, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA)
            : window_box_right_offset (w, TEXT_AREA));
      if (WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w) == 0
          && !WINDOW_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR (w)
          && !WINDOW_RIGHTMOST_P (w))
        if (gx < WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w) - width)
          /* Make sure the vertical border can get her own glyph to the
             right of the one we build here.  */
          width = WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w) - width;
        else
          width = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w) - gx;
      else
        width = WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w);

      goto row_glyph;

    case ON_VERTICAL_BORDER:
      gx = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w) - width;
      goto row_glyph;

    case ON_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR:
      gx = (WINDOW_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR_ON_LEFT (w)
            ? 0
            : (window_box_right_offset (w, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA)
               + (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (w)
                  ? WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w)
                  : 0)));
      width = WINDOW_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_WIDTH (w);

    row_glyph:
      gr = 0, gy = 0;
      for (; r <= end_row && r->enabled_p; ++r)
        if (r->y + r->height > y)
          {
            gr = r; gy = r->y;
            break;
          }

      if (gr && gy <= y)
        height = gr->height;
      else
        {
          /* Use nominal line height at end of window.  */
          y -= gy;
          gy += (y / height) * height;
        }
      break;

    case ON_RIGHT_DIVIDER:
      gx = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w) - WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
      width = WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
      gy = 0;
      /* The bottom divider prevails. */
      height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w) - WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
      goto add_edge;

    case ON_BOTTOM_DIVIDER:
      gx = 0;
      width = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w);
      gy = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w) - WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
      height = WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
      goto add_edge;

    default:
      ;
    virtual_glyph:
      /* If there is no glyph under the mouse, then we divide the screen
         into a grid of the smallest glyph in the frame, and use that
         as our "glyph".  */

      /* Arrange for the division in FRAME_PIXEL_X_TO_COL etc. to
         round down even for negative values.  */
      if (gx < 0)
        gx -= width - 1;
      if (gy < 0)
        gy -= height - 1;

      gx = (gx / width) * width;
      gy = (gy / height) * height;

      goto store_rect;
    }

 add_edge:
  gx += WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w);
  gy += WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_Y (w);

 store_rect:
  STORE_NATIVE_RECT (*rect, gx, gy, width, height);

  /* Visible feedback for debugging.  */
#if false && defined HAVE_X_WINDOWS
  XDrawRectangle (FRAME_X_DISPLAY (f), FRAME_X_DRAWABLE (f),
                  f->output_data.x->normal_gc,
                  gx, gy, width, height);
#endif
}


#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

static void
adjust_window_ends (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row, bool current)
{
  eassert (w);
  w->window_end_pos = Z - MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row);
  w->window_end_bytepos = Z_BYTE - MATRIX_ROW_END_BYTEPOS (row);
  w->window_end_vpos
    = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (row, current ? w->current_matrix : w->desired_matrix);
}

static bool
hscrolling_current_line_p (struct window *w)
{
  return (!w->suspend_auto_hscroll
          && EQ (Fbuffer_local_value (Qauto_hscroll_mode, w->contents),
                 Qcurrent_line));
}

/***********************************************************************
                        Lisp form evaluation
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Error handler for safe_eval and safe_call.  */

static Lisp_Object
safe_eval_handler (Lisp_Object arg, ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  add_to_log ("Error during redisplay: %S signaled %S",
              Flist (nargs, args), arg);
  return Qnil;
}

/* Call function FUNC with the rest of NARGS - 1 arguments
   following.  Return the result, or nil if something went
   wrong.  Prevent redisplay during the evaluation.  */

static Lisp_Object
safe__call (bool inhibit_quit, ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object func, va_list ap)
{
  Lisp_Object val;

  if (inhibit_eval_during_redisplay)
    val = Qnil;
  else
    {
      ptrdiff_t i;
      ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
      Lisp_Object *args;
      USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;
      SAFE_ALLOCA_LISP (args, nargs);

      args[0] = func;
      for (i = 1; i < nargs; i++)
        args[i] = va_arg (ap, Lisp_Object);

      specbind (Qinhibit_redisplay, Qt);
      if (inhibit_quit)
        specbind (Qinhibit_quit, Qt);
      /* Use Qt to ensure debugger does not run,
         so there is no possibility of wanting to redisplay.  */
      val = internal_condition_case_n (Ffuncall, nargs, args, Qt,
                                       safe_eval_handler);
      SAFE_FREE ();
      val = unbind_to (count, val);
    }

  return val;
}

Lisp_Object
safe_call (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object func, ...)
{
  Lisp_Object retval;
  va_list ap;

  va_start (ap, func);
  retval = safe__call (false, nargs, func, ap);
  va_end (ap);
  return retval;
}

/* Call function FN with one argument ARG.
   Return the result, or nil if something went wrong.  */

Lisp_Object
safe_call1 (Lisp_Object fn, Lisp_Object arg)
{
  return safe_call (2, fn, arg);
}

static Lisp_Object
safe__call1 (bool inhibit_quit, Lisp_Object fn, ...)
{
  Lisp_Object retval;
  va_list ap;

  va_start (ap, fn);
  retval = safe__call (inhibit_quit, 2, fn, ap);
  va_end (ap);
  return retval;
}

Lisp_Object
safe_eval (Lisp_Object sexpr)
{
  return safe__call1 (false, Qeval, sexpr);
}

static Lisp_Object
safe__eval (bool inhibit_quit, Lisp_Object sexpr)
{
  return safe__call1 (inhibit_quit, Qeval, sexpr);
}

/* Call function FN with two arguments ARG1 and ARG2.
   Return the result, or nil if something went wrong.  */

Lisp_Object
safe_call2 (Lisp_Object fn, Lisp_Object arg1, Lisp_Object arg2)
{
  return safe_call (3, fn, arg1, arg2);
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                              Debugging
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Define CHECK_IT to perform sanity checks on iterators.
   This is for debugging.  It is too slow to do unconditionally.  */

static void
CHECK_IT (struct it *it)
{
#if false
  if (it->method == GET_FROM_STRING)
    {
      eassert (STRINGP (it->string));
      eassert (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= 0);
    }
  else
    {
      eassert (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) < 0);
      if (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER)
        {
          /* Check that character and byte positions agree.  */
          eassert (IT_CHARPOS (*it) == BYTE_TO_CHAR (IT_BYTEPOS (*it)));
        }
    }

  if (it->dpvec)
    eassert (it->current.dpvec_index >= 0);
  else
    eassert (it->current.dpvec_index < 0);
#endif
}


/* Check that the window end of window W is what we expect it
   to be---the last row in the current matrix displaying text.  */

static void
CHECK_WINDOW_END (struct window *w)
{
#if defined GLYPH_DEBUG && defined ENABLE_CHECKING
  if (!MINI_WINDOW_P (w) && w->window_end_valid)
    {
      struct glyph_row *row;
      eassert ((row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->window_end_vpos),
                !row->enabled_p
                || MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row)
                || MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (row, w->current_matrix) == 0));
    }
#endif
}

/***********************************************************************
                       Iterator initialization
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Initialize IT for displaying current_buffer in window W, starting
   at character position CHARPOS.  CHARPOS < 0 means that no buffer
   position is specified which is useful when the iterator is assigned
   a position later.  BYTEPOS is the byte position corresponding to
   CHARPOS.

   If ROW is not null, calls to produce_glyphs with IT as parameter
   will produce glyphs in that row.

   BASE_FACE_ID is the id of a base face to use.  It must be one of
   DEFAULT_FACE_ID for normal text, MODE_LINE_FACE_ID,
   MODE_LINE_INACTIVE_FACE_ID, or HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID for displaying
   mode lines, or TOOL_BAR_FACE_ID for displaying the tool-bar.

   If ROW is null and BASE_FACE_ID is equal to MODE_LINE_FACE_ID,
   MODE_LINE_INACTIVE_FACE_ID, or HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID, the iterator
   will be initialized to use the corresponding mode line glyph row of
   the desired matrix of W.  */

void
init_iterator (struct it *it, struct window *w,
               ptrdiff_t charpos, ptrdiff_t bytepos,
               struct glyph_row *row, enum face_id base_face_id)
{
  enum face_id remapped_base_face_id = base_face_id;

  /* Some precondition checks.  */
  eassert (w != NULL && it != NULL);
  eassert (charpos < 0 || (charpos >= BUF_BEG (current_buffer)
                           && charpos <= ZV));

  /* If face attributes have been changed since the last redisplay,
     free realized faces now because they depend on face definitions
     that might have changed.  Don't free faces while there might be
     desired matrices pending which reference these faces.  */
  if (!inhibit_free_realized_faces)
    {
      if (face_change)
        {
          face_change = false;
          XFRAME (w->frame)->face_change = 0;
          free_all_realized_faces (Qnil);
        }
      else if (XFRAME (w->frame)->face_change)
        {
          XFRAME (w->frame)->face_change = 0;
          free_all_realized_faces (w->frame);
        }
    }

  /* Perhaps remap BASE_FACE_ID to a user-specified alternative.  */
  if (! NILP (Vface_remapping_alist))
    remapped_base_face_id
      = lookup_basic_face (XFRAME (w->frame), base_face_id);

  /* Use one of the mode line rows of W's desired matrix if
     appropriate.  */
  if (row == NULL)
    {
      if (base_face_id == MODE_LINE_FACE_ID
          || base_face_id == MODE_LINE_INACTIVE_FACE_ID)
        row = MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->desired_matrix);
      else if (base_face_id == HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID)
        row = MATRIX_HEADER_LINE_ROW (w->desired_matrix);
    }

  /* Clear IT, and set it->object and other IT's Lisp objects to Qnil.
     Other parts of redisplay rely on that.  */
  memclear (it, sizeof *it);
  it->current.overlay_string_index = -1;
  it->current.dpvec_index = -1;
  it->base_face_id = remapped_base_face_id;
  IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = -1;
  it->paragraph_embedding = L2R;
  it->bidi_it.w = w;

  /* The window in which we iterate over current_buffer:  */
  XSETWINDOW (it->window, w);
  it->w = w;
  it->f = XFRAME (w->frame);

  it->cmp_it.id = -1;

  /* Extra space between lines (on window systems only).  */
  if (base_face_id == DEFAULT_FACE_ID
      && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      if (NATNUMP (BVAR (current_buffer, extra_line_spacing)))
        it->extra_line_spacing = XFASTINT (BVAR (current_buffer, extra_line_spacing));
      else if (FLOATP (BVAR (current_buffer, extra_line_spacing)))
        it->extra_line_spacing = (XFLOAT_DATA (BVAR (current_buffer, extra_line_spacing))
                                  * FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (it->f));
      else if (it->f->extra_line_spacing > 0)
        it->extra_line_spacing = it->f->extra_line_spacing;
    }

  /* If realized faces have been removed, e.g. because of face
     attribute changes of named faces, recompute them.  When running
     in batch mode, the face cache of the initial frame is null.  If
     we happen to get called, make a dummy face cache.  */
  if (FRAME_FACE_CACHE (it->f) == NULL)
    init_frame_faces (it->f);
  if (FRAME_FACE_CACHE (it->f)->used == 0)
    recompute_basic_faces (it->f);

  it->override_ascent = -1;

  /* Are control characters displayed as `^C'?  */
  it->ctl_arrow_p = !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, ctl_arrow));

  /* -1 means everything between a CR and the following line end
     is invisible.  >0 means lines indented more than this value are
     invisible.  */
  it->selective = (INTEGERP (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display))
                   ? (clip_to_bounds
                      (-1, XINT (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display)),
                       PTRDIFF_MAX))
                   : (!NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display))
                      ? -1 : 0));
  it->selective_display_ellipsis_p
    = !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display_ellipses));

  /* Display table to use.  */
  it->dp = window_display_table (w);

  /* Are multibyte characters enabled in current_buffer?  */
  it->multibyte_p = !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters));

  /* Get the position at which the redisplay_end_trigger hook should
     be run, if it is to be run at all.  */
  if (MARKERP (w->redisplay_end_trigger)
      && XMARKER (w->redisplay_end_trigger)->buffer != 0)
    it->redisplay_end_trigger_charpos
      = marker_position (w->redisplay_end_trigger);
  else if (INTEGERP (w->redisplay_end_trigger))
    it->redisplay_end_trigger_charpos
      = clip_to_bounds (PTRDIFF_MIN, XINT (w->redisplay_end_trigger),
                        PTRDIFF_MAX);

  it->tab_width = SANE_TAB_WIDTH (current_buffer);

  /* Are lines in the display truncated?  */
  if (TRUNCATE != 0)
    it->line_wrap = TRUNCATE;
  if (base_face_id == DEFAULT_FACE_ID
      && !it->w->hscroll
      && (WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (it->w)
          || NILP (Vtruncate_partial_width_windows)
          || (INTEGERP (Vtruncate_partial_width_windows)
              /* PXW: Shall we do something about this?  */
              && (XINT (Vtruncate_partial_width_windows)
                  <= WINDOW_TOTAL_COLS (it->w))))
      && NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, truncate_lines)))
    it->line_wrap = NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, word_wrap))
      ? WINDOW_WRAP : WORD_WRAP;

  /* Get dimensions of truncation and continuation glyphs.  These are
     displayed as fringe bitmaps under X, but we need them for such
     frames when the fringes are turned off.  The no_special_glyphs slot
     of the iterator's frame, when set, suppresses their display - by
     default for tooltip frames and when set via the 'no-special-glyphs'
     frame parameter.  */
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (!(FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f) && it->f->no_special_glyphs))
#endif
    {
      if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE)
        {
          /* We will need the truncation glyph.  */
          eassert (it->glyph_row == NULL);
          produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_TRUNCATION);
          it->truncation_pixel_width = it->pixel_width;
        }
      else
        {
          /* We will need the continuation glyph.  */
          eassert (it->glyph_row == NULL);
          produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_CONTINUATION);
          it->continuation_pixel_width = it->pixel_width;
        }
    }

  /* Reset these values to zero because the produce_special_glyphs
     above has changed them.  */
  it->pixel_width = it->ascent = it->descent = 0;
  it->phys_ascent = it->phys_descent = 0;

  /* Set this after getting the dimensions of truncation and
     continuation glyphs, so that we don't produce glyphs when calling
     produce_special_glyphs, above.  */
  it->glyph_row = row;
  it->area = TEXT_AREA;

  /* Get the dimensions of the display area.  The display area
     consists of the visible window area plus a horizontally scrolled
     part to the left of the window.  All x-values are relative to the
     start of this total display area.  */
  if (base_face_id != DEFAULT_FACE_ID)
    {
      /* Mode lines, menu bar in terminal frames.  */
      it->first_visible_x = 0;
      it->last_visible_x = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w);
    }
  else
    {
      /* When hscrolling only the current line, don't apply the
         hscroll here, it will be applied by display_line when it gets
         to laying out the line showing point.  However, if the
         window's min_hscroll is positive, the user specified a lower
         bound for automatic hscrolling, so they expect the
         non-current lines to obey that hscroll amount.  */
      if (hscrolling_current_line_p (w))
        {
          if (w->min_hscroll > 0)
            it->first_visible_x = w->min_hscroll * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f);
          else
            it->first_visible_x = 0;
        }
      else
        it->first_visible_x =
          window_hscroll_limited (w, it->f) * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f);
      it->last_visible_x = (it->first_visible_x
                            + window_box_width (w, TEXT_AREA));

      /* If we truncate lines, leave room for the truncation glyph(s) at
         the right margin.  Otherwise, leave room for the continuation
         glyph(s).  Done only if the window has no right fringe.  */
      if (WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0)
        {
          if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE)
            it->last_visible_x -= it->truncation_pixel_width;
          else
            it->last_visible_x -= it->continuation_pixel_width;
        }

      it->header_line_p = window_wants_header_line (w);
      it->current_y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w) + w->vscroll;
    }

  /* Leave room for a border glyph.  */
  if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
      && !WINDOW_RIGHTMOST_P (it->w))
    it->last_visible_x -= 1;

  it->last_visible_y = window_text_bottom_y (w);

  /* For mode lines and alike, arrange for the first glyph having a
     left box line if the face specifies a box.  */
  if (base_face_id != DEFAULT_FACE_ID)
    {
      struct face *face;

      it->face_id = remapped_base_face_id;

      /* If we have a boxed mode line, make the first character appear
         with a left box line.  */
      face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, remapped_base_face_id);
      if (face && face->box != FACE_NO_BOX)
        it->start_of_box_run_p = true;
    }

  /* If a buffer position was specified, set the iterator there,
     getting overlays and face properties from that position.  */
  if (charpos >= BUF_BEG (current_buffer))
    {
      it->stop_charpos = charpos;
      it->end_charpos = ZV;
      eassert (charpos == BYTE_TO_CHAR (bytepos));
      IT_CHARPOS (*it) = charpos;
      IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = bytepos;

      /* We will rely on `reseat' to set this up properly, via
         handle_face_prop.  */
      it->face_id = it->base_face_id;

      it->start = it->current;
      /* Do we need to reorder bidirectional text?  Not if this is a
         unibyte buffer: by definition, none of the single-byte
         characters are strong R2L, so no reordering is needed.  And
         bidi.c doesn't support unibyte buffers anyway.  Also, don't
         reorder while we are loading loadup.el, since the tables of
         character properties needed for reordering are not yet
         available.  */
      it->bidi_p =
        !redisplay__inhibit_bidi
        && !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, bidi_display_reordering))
        && it->multibyte_p;

      /* If we are to reorder bidirectional text, init the bidi
         iterator.  */
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          /*  Since we don't know at this point whether there will be
              any R2L lines in the window, we reserve space for
              truncation/continuation glyphs even if only the left
              fringe is absent.  */
          if (base_face_id == DEFAULT_FACE_ID
              && WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0
              && WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) != 0)
            {
              if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE)
                it->last_visible_x -= it->truncation_pixel_width;
              else
                it->last_visible_x -= it->continuation_pixel_width;
            }
          /* Note the paragraph direction that this buffer wants to
             use.  */
          if (EQ (BVAR (current_buffer, bidi_paragraph_direction),
                  Qleft_to_right))
            it->paragraph_embedding = L2R;
          else if (EQ (BVAR (current_buffer, bidi_paragraph_direction),
                       Qright_to_left))
            it->paragraph_embedding = R2L;
          else
            it->paragraph_embedding = NEUTRAL_DIR;
          bidi_unshelve_cache (NULL, false);
          bidi_init_it (charpos, IT_BYTEPOS (*it), FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f),
                        &it->bidi_it);
        }

      /* Compute faces etc.  */
      reseat (it, it->current.pos, true);
    }

  CHECK_IT (it);
}


/* Initialize IT for the display of window W with window start POS.  */

void
start_display (struct it *it, struct window *w, struct text_pos pos)
{
  struct glyph_row *row;
  bool first_vpos = window_wants_header_line (w);

  row = w->desired_matrix->rows + first_vpos;
  init_iterator (it, w, CHARPOS (pos), BYTEPOS (pos), row, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
  it->first_vpos = first_vpos;

  /* Don't reseat to previous visible line start if current start
     position is in a string or image.  */
  if (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER && it->line_wrap != TRUNCATE)
    {
      int first_y = it->current_y;

      /* If window start is not at a line start, skip forward to POS to
         get the correct continuation lines width.  */
      bool start_at_line_beg_p = (CHARPOS (pos) == BEGV
                                  || FETCH_BYTE (BYTEPOS (pos) - 1) == '\n');
      if (!start_at_line_beg_p)
        {
          int new_x;

          reseat_at_previous_visible_line_start (it);
          move_it_to (it, CHARPOS (pos), -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);

          new_x = it->current_x + it->pixel_width;

          /* If lines are continued, this line may end in the middle
             of a multi-glyph character (e.g. a control character
             displayed as \003, or in the middle of an overlay
             string).  In this case move_it_to above will not have
             taken us to the start of the continuation line but to the
             end of the continued line.  */
          if (it->current_x > 0
              && it->line_wrap != TRUNCATE /* Lines are continued.  */
              && (/* And glyph doesn't fit on the line.  */
                  new_x > it->last_visible_x
                  /* Or it fits exactly and we're on a window
                     system frame.  */
                  || (new_x == it->last_visible_x
                      && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
                      && ((it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
                          ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                          : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)))))
            {
              if ((it->current.dpvec_index >= 0
                   || it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0)
                  /* If we are on a newline from a display vector or
                     overlay string, then we are already at the end of
                     a screen line; no need to go to the next line in
                     that case, as this line is not really continued.
                     (If we do go to the next line, C-e will not DTRT.)  */
                  && it->c != '\n')
                {
                  set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
                  move_it_in_display_line_to (it, -1, -1, 0);
                }

              it->continuation_lines_width += it->current_x;
            }
          /* If the character at POS is displayed via a display
             vector, move_it_to above stops at the final glyph of
             IT->dpvec.  To make the caller redisplay that character
             again (a.k.a. start at POS), we need to reset the
             dpvec_index to the beginning of IT->dpvec.  */
          else if (it->current.dpvec_index >= 0)
            it->current.dpvec_index = 0;

          /* We're starting a new display line, not affected by the
             height of the continued line, so clear the appropriate
             fields in the iterator structure.  */
          it->max_ascent = it->max_descent = 0;
          it->max_phys_ascent = it->max_phys_descent = 0;

          it->current_y = first_y;
          it->vpos = 0;
          it->current_x = it->hpos = 0;
        }
    }
}


/* Return true if POS is a position in ellipses displayed for invisible
   text.  W is the window we display, for text property lookup.  */

static bool
in_ellipses_for_invisible_text_p (struct display_pos *pos, struct window *w)
{
  Lisp_Object prop, window;
  bool ellipses_p = false;
  ptrdiff_t charpos = CHARPOS (pos->pos);

  /* If POS specifies a position in a display vector, this might
     be for an ellipsis displayed for invisible text.  We won't
     get the iterator set up for delivering that ellipsis unless
     we make sure that it gets aware of the invisible text.  */
  if (pos->dpvec_index >= 0
      && pos->overlay_string_index < 0
      && CHARPOS (pos->string_pos) < 0
      && charpos > BEGV
      && (XSETWINDOW (window, w),
          prop = Fget_char_property (make_number (charpos),
                                     Qinvisible, window),
          TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop) == 0))
    {
      prop = Fget_char_property (make_number (charpos - 1), Qinvisible,
                                 window);
      ellipses_p = 2 == TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop);
    }

  return ellipses_p;
}


/* Initialize IT for stepping through current_buffer in window W,
   starting at position POS that includes overlay string and display
   vector/ control character translation position information.  Value
   is false if there are overlay strings with newlines at POS.  */

static bool
init_from_display_pos (struct it *it, struct window *w, struct display_pos *pos)
{
  ptrdiff_t charpos = CHARPOS (pos->pos), bytepos = BYTEPOS (pos->pos);
  int i;
  bool overlay_strings_with_newlines = false;

  /* If POS specifies a position in a display vector, this might
     be for an ellipsis displayed for invisible text.  We won't
     get the iterator set up for delivering that ellipsis unless
     we make sure that it gets aware of the invisible text.  */
  if (in_ellipses_for_invisible_text_p (pos, w))
    {
      --charpos;
      bytepos = 0;
    }

  /* Keep in mind: the call to reseat in init_iterator skips invisible
     text, so we might end up at a position different from POS.  This
     is only a problem when POS is a row start after a newline and an
     overlay starts there with an after-string, and the overlay has an
     invisible property.  Since we don't skip invisible text in
     display_line and elsewhere immediately after consuming the
     newline before the row start, such a POS will not be in a string,
     but the call to init_iterator below will move us to the
     after-string.  */
  init_iterator (it, w, charpos, bytepos, NULL, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);

  /* This only scans the current chunk -- it should scan all chunks.
     However, OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE has been increased from 3 in 21.1
     to 16 in 22.1 to make this a lesser problem.  */
  for (i = 0; i < it->n_overlay_strings && i < OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE; ++i)
    {
      const char *s = SSDATA (it->overlay_strings[i]);
      const char *e = s + SBYTES (it->overlay_strings[i]);

      while (s < e && *s != '\n')
        ++s;

      if (s < e)
        {
          overlay_strings_with_newlines = true;
          break;
        }
    }

  /* If position is within an overlay string, set up IT to the right
     overlay string.  */
  if (pos->overlay_string_index >= 0)
    {
      int relative_index;

      /* If the first overlay string happens to have a `display'
         property for an image, the iterator will be set up for that
         image, and we have to undo that setup first before we can
         correct the overlay string index.  */
      if (it->method == GET_FROM_IMAGE)
        pop_it (it);

      /* We already have the first chunk of overlay strings in
         IT->overlay_strings.  Load more until the one for
         pos->overlay_string_index is in IT->overlay_strings.  */
      if (pos->overlay_string_index >= OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE)
        {
          ptrdiff_t n = pos->overlay_string_index / OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE;
          it->current.overlay_string_index = 0;
          while (n--)
            {
              load_overlay_strings (it, 0);
              it->current.overlay_string_index += OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE;
            }
        }

      it->current.overlay_string_index = pos->overlay_string_index;
      relative_index = (it->current.overlay_string_index
                        % OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE);
      it->string = it->overlay_strings[relative_index];
      eassert (STRINGP (it->string));
      it->current.string_pos = pos->string_pos;
      it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
      it->end_charpos = SCHARS (it->string);
      /* Set up the bidi iterator for this overlay string.  */
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          it->bidi_it.string.lstring = it->string;
          it->bidi_it.string.s = NULL;
          it->bidi_it.string.schars = SCHARS (it->string);
          it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = it->overlay_strings_charpos;
          it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = it->string_from_display_prop_p;
          it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = !it->multibyte_p;
          it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
          bidi_init_it (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it), IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it),
                        FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f), &it->bidi_it);

          /* Synchronize the state of the bidi iterator with
             pos->string_pos.  For any string position other than
             zero, this will be done automagically when we resume
             iteration over the string and get_visually_first_element
             is called.  But if string_pos is zero, and the string is
             to be reordered for display, we need to resync manually,
             since it could be that the iteration state recorded in
             pos ended at string_pos of 0 moving backwards in string.  */
          if (CHARPOS (pos->string_pos) == 0)
            {
              get_visually_first_element (it);
              if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) != 0)
                do {
                  /* Paranoia.  */
                  eassert (it->bidi_it.charpos < it->bidi_it.string.schars);
                  bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
                } while (it->bidi_it.charpos != 0);
            }
          eassert (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) == it->bidi_it.charpos
                   && IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) == it->bidi_it.bytepos);
        }
    }

  if (CHARPOS (pos->string_pos) >= 0)
    {
      /* Recorded position is not in an overlay string, but in another
         string.  This can only be a string from a `display' property.
         IT should already be filled with that string.  */
      it->current.string_pos = pos->string_pos;
      eassert (STRINGP (it->string));
      if (it->bidi_p)
        bidi_init_it (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it), IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it),
                      FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f), &it->bidi_it);
    }

  /* Restore position in display vector translations, control
     character translations or ellipses.  */
  if (pos->dpvec_index >= 0)
    {
      if (it->dpvec == NULL)
        get_next_display_element (it);
      eassert (it->dpvec && it->current.dpvec_index == 0);
      it->current.dpvec_index = pos->dpvec_index;
    }

  CHECK_IT (it);
  return !overlay_strings_with_newlines;
}


/* Initialize IT for stepping through current_buffer in window W
   starting at ROW->start.  */

static void
init_to_row_start (struct it *it, struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row)
{
  init_from_display_pos (it, w, &row->start);
  it->start = row->start;
  it->continuation_lines_width = row->continuation_lines_width;
  CHECK_IT (it);
}


/* Initialize IT for stepping through current_buffer in window W
   starting in the line following ROW, i.e. starting at ROW->end.
   Value is false if there are overlay strings with newlines at ROW's
   end position.  */

static bool
init_to_row_end (struct it *it, struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row)
{
  bool success = false;

  if (init_from_display_pos (it, w, &row->end))
    {
      if (row->continued_p)
        it->continuation_lines_width
          = row->continuation_lines_width + row->pixel_width;
      CHECK_IT (it);
      success = true;
    }

  return success;
}



\f
/***********************************************************************
                           Text properties
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Called when IT reaches IT->stop_charpos.  Handle text property and
   overlay changes.  Set IT->stop_charpos to the next position where
   to stop.  */

static void
handle_stop (struct it *it)
{
  enum prop_handled handled;
  bool handle_overlay_change_p;
  struct props *p;

  it->dpvec = NULL;
  it->current.dpvec_index = -1;
  handle_overlay_change_p = !it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p;
  it->ellipsis_p = false;

  /* Use face of preceding text for ellipsis (if invisible) */
  if (it->selective_display_ellipsis_p)
    it->saved_face_id = it->face_id;

  /* Here's the description of the semantics of, and the logic behind,
     the various HANDLED_* statuses:

     HANDLED_NORMALLY means the handler did its job, and the loop
     should proceed to calling the next handler in order.

     HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS means the handler caused a significant
     change in the properties and overlays at current position, so the
     loop should be restarted, to re-invoke the handlers that were
     already called.  This happens when fontification-functions were
     called by handle_fontified_prop, and actually fontified
     something.  Another case where HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS is
     returned is when we discover overlay strings that need to be
     displayed right away.  The loop below will continue for as long
     as the status is HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS.

     HANDLED_RETURN means return immediately to the caller, to
     continue iteration without calling any further handlers.  This is
     used when we need to act on some property right away, for example
     when we need to display the ellipsis or a replacing display
     property, such as display string or image.

     HANDLED_OVERLAY_STRING_CONSUMED means an overlay string was just
     consumed, and the handler switched to the next overlay string.
     This signals the loop below to refrain from looking for more
     overlays before all the overlay strings of the current overlay
     are processed.

     Some of the handlers called by the loop push the iterator state
     onto the stack (see 'push_it'), and arrange for the iteration to
     continue with another object, such as an image, a display string,
     or an overlay string.  In most such cases, it->stop_charpos is
     set to the first character of the string, so that when the
     iteration resumes, this function will immediately be called
     again, to examine the properties at the beginning of the string.

     When a display or overlay string is exhausted, the iterator state
     is popped (see 'pop_it'), and iteration continues with the
     previous object.  Again, in many such cases this function is
     called again to find the next position where properties might
     change.  */

  do
    {
      handled = HANDLED_NORMALLY;

      /* Call text property handlers.  */
      for (p = it_props; p->handler; ++p)
        {
          handled = p->handler (it);

          if (handled == HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS)
            break;
          else if (handled == HANDLED_RETURN)
            {
              /* We still want to show before and after strings from
                 overlays even if the actual buffer text is replaced.  */
              if (!handle_overlay_change_p
                  || it->sp > 1
                  /* Don't call get_overlay_strings_1 if we already
                     have overlay strings loaded, because doing so
                     will load them again and push the iterator state
                     onto the stack one more time, which is not
                     expected by the rest of the code that processes
                     overlay strings.  */
                  || (it->current.overlay_string_index < 0
                      && !get_overlay_strings_1 (it, 0, false)))
                {
                  if (it->ellipsis_p)
                    setup_for_ellipsis (it, 0);
                  /* When handling a display spec, we might load an
                     empty string.  In that case, discard it here.  We
                     used to discard it in handle_single_display_spec,
                     but that causes get_overlay_strings_1, above, to
                     ignore overlay strings that we must check.  */
                  if (STRINGP (it->string) && !SCHARS (it->string))
                    pop_it (it);
                  return;
                }
              else if (STRINGP (it->string) && !SCHARS (it->string))
                pop_it (it);
              else
                {
                  it->string_from_display_prop_p = false;
                  it->from_disp_prop_p = false;
                  handle_overlay_change_p = false;
                }
              handled = HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS;
              break;
            }
          else if (handled == HANDLED_OVERLAY_STRING_CONSUMED)
            handle_overlay_change_p = false;
        }

      if (handled != HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS)
        {
          /* Don't check for overlay strings below when set to deliver
             characters from a display vector.  */
          if (it->method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR)
            handle_overlay_change_p = false;

          /* Handle overlay changes.
             This sets HANDLED to HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS
             if it finds overlays.  */
          if (handle_overlay_change_p)
            handled = handle_overlay_change (it);
        }

      if (it->ellipsis_p)
        {
          setup_for_ellipsis (it, 0);
          break;
        }
    }
  while (handled == HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS);

  /* Determine where to stop next.  */
  if (handled == HANDLED_NORMALLY)
    compute_stop_pos (it);
}


/* Compute IT->stop_charpos from text property and overlay change
   information for IT's current position.  */

static void
compute_stop_pos (struct it *it)
{
  register INTERVAL iv, next_iv;
  Lisp_Object object, limit, position;
  ptrdiff_t charpos, bytepos;

  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      /* Strings are usually short, so don't limit the search for
         properties.  */
      it->stop_charpos = it->end_charpos;
      object = it->string;
      limit = Qnil;
      charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
      bytepos = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it);
    }
  else
    {
      ptrdiff_t pos;

      /* If end_charpos is out of range for some reason, such as a
         misbehaving display function, rationalize it (Bug#5984).  */
      if (it->end_charpos > ZV)
        it->end_charpos = ZV;
      it->stop_charpos = it->end_charpos;

      /* If next overlay change is in front of the current stop pos
         (which is IT->end_charpos), stop there.  Note: value of
         next_overlay_change is point-max if no overlay change
         follows.  */
      charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
      bytepos = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);
      pos = next_overlay_change (charpos);
      if (pos < it->stop_charpos)
        it->stop_charpos = pos;

      /* Set up variables for computing the stop position from text
         property changes.  */
      XSETBUFFER (object, current_buffer);
      limit = make_number (IT_CHARPOS (*it) + TEXT_PROP_DISTANCE_LIMIT);
    }

  /* Get the interval containing IT's position.  Value is a null
     interval if there isn't such an interval.  */
  position = make_number (charpos);
  iv = validate_interval_range (object, &position, &position, false);
  if (iv)
    {
      Lisp_Object values_here[LAST_PROP_IDX];
      struct props *p;

      /* Get properties here.  */
      for (p = it_props; p->handler; ++p)
        values_here[p->idx] = textget (iv->plist,
                                       builtin_lisp_symbol (p->name));

      /* Look for an interval following iv that has different
         properties.  */
      for (next_iv = next_interval (iv);
           (next_iv
            && (NILP (limit)
                || XFASTINT (limit) > next_iv->position));
           next_iv = next_interval (next_iv))
        {
          for (p = it_props; p->handler; ++p)
            {
              Lisp_Object new_value = textget (next_iv->plist,
                                               builtin_lisp_symbol (p->name));
              if (!EQ (values_here[p->idx], new_value))
                break;
            }

          if (p->handler)
            break;
        }

      if (next_iv)
        {
          if (INTEGERP (limit)
              && next_iv->position >= XFASTINT (limit))
            /* No text property change up to limit.  */
            it->stop_charpos = min (XFASTINT (limit), it->stop_charpos);
          else
            /* Text properties change in next_iv.  */
            it->stop_charpos = min (it->stop_charpos, next_iv->position);
        }
    }

  if (it->cmp_it.id < 0)
    {
      ptrdiff_t stoppos = it->end_charpos;

      if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0)
        stoppos = -1;
      composition_compute_stop_pos (&it->cmp_it, charpos, bytepos,
                                    stoppos, it->string);
    }

  eassert (STRINGP (it->string)
           || (it->stop_charpos >= BEGV
               && it->stop_charpos >= IT_CHARPOS (*it)));
}


/* Return the position of the next overlay change after POS in
   current_buffer.  Value is point-max if no overlay change
   follows.  This is like `next-overlay-change' but doesn't use
   xmalloc.  */

static ptrdiff_t
next_overlay_change (ptrdiff_t pos)
{
  ptrdiff_t i, noverlays;
  ptrdiff_t endpos;
  Lisp_Object *overlays;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  /* Get all overlays at the given position.  */
  GET_OVERLAYS_AT (pos, overlays, noverlays, &endpos, true);

  /* If any of these overlays ends before endpos,
     use its ending point instead.  */
  for (i = 0; i < noverlays; ++i)
    {
      Lisp_Object oend;
      ptrdiff_t oendpos;

      oend = OVERLAY_END (overlays[i]);
      oendpos = OVERLAY_POSITION (oend);
      endpos = min (endpos, oendpos);
    }

  SAFE_FREE ();
  return endpos;
}

/* How many characters forward to search for a display property or
   display string.  Searching too far forward makes the bidi display
   sluggish, especially in small windows.  */
#define MAX_DISP_SCAN 250

/* Return the character position of a display string at or after
   position specified by POSITION.  If no display string exists at or
   after POSITION, return ZV.  A display string is either an overlay
   with `display' property whose value is a string, or a `display'
   text property whose value is a string.  STRING is data about the
   string to iterate; if STRING->lstring is nil, we are iterating a
   buffer.  FRAME_WINDOW_P is true when we are displaying a window
   on a GUI frame.  DISP_PROP is set to zero if we searched
   MAX_DISP_SCAN characters forward without finding any display
   strings, non-zero otherwise.  It is set to 2 if the display string
   uses any kind of `(space ...)' spec that will produce a stretch of
   white space in the text area.  */
ptrdiff_t
compute_display_string_pos (struct text_pos *position,
                            struct bidi_string_data *string,
                            struct window *w,
                            bool frame_window_p, int *disp_prop)
{
  /* OBJECT = nil means current buffer.  */
  Lisp_Object object, object1;
  Lisp_Object pos, spec, limpos;
  bool string_p = string && (STRINGP (string->lstring) || string->s);
  ptrdiff_t eob = string_p ? string->schars : ZV;
  ptrdiff_t begb = string_p ? 0 : BEGV;
  ptrdiff_t bufpos, charpos = CHARPOS (*position);
  ptrdiff_t lim =
    (charpos < eob - MAX_DISP_SCAN) ? charpos + MAX_DISP_SCAN : eob;
  struct text_pos tpos;
  int rv = 0;

  if (string && STRINGP (string->lstring))
    object1 = object = string->lstring;
  else if (w && !string_p)
    {
      XSETWINDOW (object, w);
      object1 = Qnil;
    }
  else
    object1 = object = Qnil;

  *disp_prop = 1;

  if (charpos >= eob
      /* We don't support display properties whose values are strings
         that have display string properties.  */
      || string->from_disp_str
      /* C strings cannot have display properties.  */
      || (string->s && !STRINGP (object)))
    {
      *disp_prop = 0;
      return eob;
    }

  /* If the character at CHARPOS is where the display string begins,
     return CHARPOS.  */
  pos = make_number (charpos);
  if (STRINGP (object))
    bufpos = string->bufpos;
  else
    bufpos = charpos;
  tpos = *position;
  if (!NILP (spec = Fget_char_property (pos, Qdisplay, object))
      && (charpos <= begb
          || !EQ (Fget_char_property (make_number (charpos - 1), Qdisplay,
                                      object),
                  spec))
      && (rv = handle_display_spec (NULL, spec, object, Qnil, &tpos, bufpos,
                                    frame_window_p)))
    {
      if (rv == 2)
        *disp_prop = 2;
      return charpos;
    }

  /* Look forward for the first character with a `display' property
     that will replace the underlying text when displayed.  */
  limpos = make_number (lim);
  do {
    pos = Fnext_single_char_property_change (pos, Qdisplay, object1, limpos);
    CHARPOS (tpos) = XFASTINT (pos);
    if (CHARPOS (tpos) >= lim)
      {
        *disp_prop = 0;
        break;
      }
    if (STRINGP (object))
      BYTEPOS (tpos) = string_char_to_byte (object, CHARPOS (tpos));
    else
      BYTEPOS (tpos) = CHAR_TO_BYTE (CHARPOS (tpos));
    spec = Fget_char_property (pos, Qdisplay, object);
    if (!STRINGP (object))
      bufpos = CHARPOS (tpos);
  } while (NILP (spec)
           || !(rv = handle_display_spec (NULL, spec, object, Qnil, &tpos,
                                          bufpos, frame_window_p)));
  if (rv == 2)
    *disp_prop = 2;

  return CHARPOS (tpos);
}

/* Return the character position of the end of the display string that
   started at CHARPOS.  If there's no display string at CHARPOS,
   return -1.  A display string is either an overlay with `display'
   property whose value is a string or a `display' text property whose
   value is a string.  */
ptrdiff_t
compute_display_string_end (ptrdiff_t charpos, struct bidi_string_data *string)
{
  /* OBJECT = nil means current buffer.  */
  Lisp_Object object =
    (string && STRINGP (string->lstring)) ? string->lstring : Qnil;
  Lisp_Object pos = make_number (charpos);
  ptrdiff_t eob =
    (STRINGP (object) || (string && string->s)) ? string->schars : ZV;

  if (charpos >= eob || (string->s && !STRINGP (object)))
    return eob;

  /* It could happen that the display property or overlay was removed
     since we found it in compute_display_string_pos above.  One way
     this can happen is if JIT font-lock was called (through
     handle_fontified_prop), and jit-lock-functions remove text
     properties or overlays from the portion of buffer that includes
     CHARPOS.  Muse mode is known to do that, for example.  In this
     case, we return -1 to the caller, to signal that no display
     string is actually present at CHARPOS.  See bidi_fetch_char for
     how this is handled.

     An alternative would be to never look for display properties past
     it->stop_charpos.  But neither compute_display_string_pos nor
     bidi_fetch_char that calls it know or care where the next
     stop_charpos is.  */
  if (NILP (Fget_char_property (pos, Qdisplay, object)))
    return -1;

  /* Look forward for the first character where the `display' property
     changes.  */
  pos = Fnext_single_char_property_change (pos, Qdisplay, object, Qnil);

  return XFASTINT (pos);
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                            Fontification
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Handle changes in the `fontified' property of the current buffer by
   calling hook functions from Qfontification_functions to fontify
   regions of text.  */

static enum prop_handled
handle_fontified_prop (struct it *it)
{
  Lisp_Object prop, pos;
  enum prop_handled handled = HANDLED_NORMALLY;

  if (!NILP (Vmemory_full))
    return handled;

  /* Get the value of the `fontified' property at IT's current buffer
     position.  (The `fontified' property doesn't have a special
     meaning in strings.)  If the value is nil, call functions from
     Qfontification_functions.  */
  if (!STRINGP (it->string)
      && it->s == NULL
      && !NILP (Vfontification_functions)
      && !NILP (Vrun_hooks)
      && (pos = make_number (IT_CHARPOS (*it)),
          prop = Fget_char_property (pos, Qfontified, Qnil),
          /* Ignore the special cased nil value always present at EOB since
             no amount of fontifying will be able to change it.  */
          NILP (prop) && IT_CHARPOS (*it) < Z))
    {
      ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
      Lisp_Object val;
      struct buffer *obuf = current_buffer;
      ptrdiff_t begv = BEGV, zv = ZV;
      bool old_clip_changed = current_buffer->clip_changed;

      val = Vfontification_functions;
      specbind (Qfontification_functions, Qnil);

      eassert (it->end_charpos == ZV);

      if (!CONSP (val) || EQ (XCAR (val), Qlambda))
        safe_call1 (val, pos);
      else
        {
          Lisp_Object fns, fn;

          fns = Qnil;

          for (; CONSP (val); val = XCDR (val))
            {
              fn = XCAR (val);

              if (EQ (fn, Qt))
                {
                  /* A value of t indicates this hook has a local
                     binding; it means to run the global binding too.
                     In a global value, t should not occur.  If it
                     does, we must ignore it to avoid an endless
                     loop.  */
                  for (fns = Fdefault_value (Qfontification_functions);
                       CONSP (fns);
                       fns = XCDR (fns))
                    {
                      fn = XCAR (fns);
                      if (!EQ (fn, Qt))
                        safe_call1 (fn, pos);
                    }
                }
              else
                safe_call1 (fn, pos);
            }
        }

      unbind_to (count, Qnil);

      /* Fontification functions routinely call `save-restriction'.
         Normally, this tags clip_changed, which can confuse redisplay
         (see discussion in Bug#6671).  Since we don't perform any
         special handling of fontification changes in the case where
         `save-restriction' isn't called, there's no point doing so in
         this case either.  So, if the buffer's restrictions are
         actually left unchanged, reset clip_changed.  */
      if (obuf == current_buffer)
        {
          if (begv == BEGV && zv == ZV)
            current_buffer->clip_changed = old_clip_changed;
        }
      /* There isn't much we can reasonably do to protect against
         misbehaving fontification, but here's a fig leaf.  */
      else if (BUFFER_LIVE_P (obuf))
        set_buffer_internal_1 (obuf);

      /* The fontification code may have added/removed text.
         It could do even a lot worse, but let's at least protect against
         the most obvious case where only the text past `pos' gets changed',
         as is/was done in grep.el where some escapes sequences are turned
         into face properties (bug#7876).  */
      it->end_charpos = ZV;

      /* Return HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS only if function fontified
         something.  This avoids an endless loop if they failed to
         fontify the text for which reason ever.  */
      if (!NILP (Fget_char_property (pos, Qfontified, Qnil)))
        handled = HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS;
    }

  return handled;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                                Faces
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Set up iterator IT from face properties at its current position.
   Called from handle_stop.  */

static enum prop_handled
handle_face_prop (struct it *it)
{
  int new_face_id;
  ptrdiff_t next_stop;

  if (!STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      new_face_id
        = face_at_buffer_position (it->w,
                                   IT_CHARPOS (*it),
                                   &next_stop,
                                   (IT_CHARPOS (*it)
                                    + TEXT_PROP_DISTANCE_LIMIT),
                                   false, it->base_face_id);

      /* Is this a start of a run of characters with box face?
         Caveat: this can be called for a freshly initialized
         iterator; face_id is -1 in this case.  We know that the new
         face will not change until limit, i.e. if the new face has a
         box, all characters up to limit will have one.  But, as
         usual, we don't know whether limit is really the end.  */
      if (new_face_id != it->face_id)
        {
          struct face *new_face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, new_face_id);
          /* If it->face_id is -1, old_face below will be NULL, see
             the definition of FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL.  This will happen
             if this is the initial call that gets the face.  */
          struct face *old_face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, it->face_id);

          /* If the value of face_id of the iterator is -1, we have to
             look in front of IT's position and see whether there is a
             face there that's different from new_face_id.  */
          if (!old_face && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > BEG)
            {
              int prev_face_id = face_before_it_pos (it);

              old_face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, prev_face_id);
            }

          /* If the new face has a box, but the old face does not,
             this is the start of a run of characters with box face,
             i.e. this character has a shadow on the left side.  */
          it->start_of_box_run_p = (new_face->box != FACE_NO_BOX
                                    && (old_face == NULL || !old_face->box));
          it->face_box_p = new_face->box != FACE_NO_BOX;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      int base_face_id;
      ptrdiff_t bufpos;
      int i;
      Lisp_Object from_overlay
        = (it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0
           ? it->string_overlays[it->current.overlay_string_index
                                 % OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE]
           : Qnil);

      /* See if we got to this string directly or indirectly from
         an overlay property.  That includes the before-string or
         after-string of an overlay, strings in display properties
         provided by an overlay, their text properties, etc.

         FROM_OVERLAY is the overlay that brought us here, or nil if none.  */
      if (! NILP (from_overlay))
        for (i = it->sp - 1; i >= 0; i--)
          {
            if (it->stack[i].current.overlay_string_index >= 0)
              from_overlay
                = it->string_overlays[it->stack[i].current.overlay_string_index
                                      % OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE];
            else if (! NILP (it->stack[i].from_overlay))
              from_overlay = it->stack[i].from_overlay;

            if (!NILP (from_overlay))
              break;
          }

      if (! NILP (from_overlay))
        {
          bufpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
          /* For a string from an overlay, the base face depends
             only on text properties and ignores overlays.  */
          base_face_id
            = face_for_overlay_string (it->w,
                                       IT_CHARPOS (*it),
                                       &next_stop,
                                       (IT_CHARPOS (*it)
                                        + TEXT_PROP_DISTANCE_LIMIT),
                                       false,
                                       from_overlay);
        }
      else
        {
          bufpos = 0;

          /* For strings from a `display' property, use the face at
             IT's current buffer position as the base face to merge
             with, so that overlay strings appear in the same face as
             surrounding text, unless they specify their own faces.
             For strings from wrap-prefix and line-prefix properties,
             use the default face, possibly remapped via
             Vface_remapping_alist.  */
          /* Note that the fact that we use the face at _buffer_
             position means that a 'display' property on an overlay
             string will not inherit the face of that overlay string,
             but will instead revert to the face of buffer text
             covered by the overlay.  This is visible, e.g., when the
             overlay specifies a box face, but neither the buffer nor
             the display string do.  This sounds like a design bug,
             but Emacs always did that since v21.1, so changing that
             might be a big deal.  */
          base_face_id = it->string_from_prefix_prop_p
            ? (!NILP (Vface_remapping_alist)
               ? lookup_basic_face (it->f, DEFAULT_FACE_ID)
               : DEFAULT_FACE_ID)
            : underlying_face_id (it);
        }

      new_face_id = face_at_string_position (it->w,
                                             it->string,
                                             IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it),
                                             bufpos,
                                             &next_stop,
                                             base_face_id, false);

      /* Is this a start of a run of characters with box?  Caveat:
         this can be called for a freshly allocated iterator; face_id
         is -1 is this case.  We know that the new face will not
         change until the next check pos, i.e. if the new face has a
         box, all characters up to that position will have a
         box.  But, as usual, we don't know whether that position
         is really the end.  */
      if (new_face_id != it->face_id)
        {
          struct face *new_face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, new_face_id);
          struct face *old_face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, it->face_id);

          /* If new face has a box but old face hasn't, this is the
             start of a run of characters with box, i.e. it has a
             shadow on the left side.  */
          it->start_of_box_run_p
            = new_face->box && (old_face == NULL || !old_face->box);
          it->face_box_p = new_face->box != FACE_NO_BOX;
        }
    }

  it->face_id = new_face_id;
  return HANDLED_NORMALLY;
}


/* Return the ID of the face ``underlying'' IT's current position,
   which is in a string.  If the iterator is associated with a
   buffer, return the face at IT's current buffer position.
   Otherwise, use the iterator's base_face_id.  */

static int
underlying_face_id (struct it *it)
{
  int face_id = it->base_face_id, i;

  eassert (STRINGP (it->string));

  for (i = it->sp - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    if (NILP (it->stack[i].string))
      face_id = it->stack[i].face_id;

  return face_id;
}


/* Compute the face one character before or after the current position
   of IT, in the visual order.  BEFORE_P means get the face
   in front (to the left in L2R paragraphs, to the right in R2L
   paragraphs) of IT's screen position.  Value is the ID of the face.  */

static int
face_before_or_after_it_pos (struct it *it, bool before_p)
{
  int face_id, limit;
  ptrdiff_t next_check_charpos;
  struct it it_copy;
  void *it_copy_data = NULL;

  eassert (it->s == NULL);

  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      ptrdiff_t bufpos, charpos;
      int base_face_id;

      /* No face change past the end of the string (for the case
         we are padding with spaces).  No face change before the
         string start.  */
      if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= SCHARS (it->string)
          || (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) == 0 && before_p))
        return it->face_id;

      if (!it->bidi_p)
        {
          /* Set charpos to the position before or after IT's current
             position, in the logical order, which in the non-bidi
             case is the same as the visual order.  */
          if (before_p)
            charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) - 1;
          else if (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION)
            /* For composition, we must check the character after the
               composition.  */
            charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) + it->cmp_it.nchars;
          else
            charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) + 1;
        }
      else
        {
          if (before_p)
            {
              /* With bidi iteration, the character before the current
                 in the visual order cannot be found by simple
                 iteration, because "reverse" reordering is not
                 supported.  Instead, we need to start from the string
                 beginning and go all the way to the current string
                 position, remembering the previous position.  */
              /* Ignore face changes before the first visible
                 character on this display line.  */
              if (it->current_x <= it->first_visible_x)
                return it->face_id;
              SAVE_IT (it_copy, *it, it_copy_data);
              IT_STRING_CHARPOS (it_copy) = 0;
              bidi_init_it (0, 0, FRAME_WINDOW_P (it_copy.f), &it_copy.bidi_it);

              do
                {
                  charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (it_copy);
                  if (charpos >= SCHARS (it->string))
                    break;
                  bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it_copy.bidi_it);
                }
              while (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (it_copy) != IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it));

              RESTORE_IT (it, it, it_copy_data);
            }
          else
            {
              /* Set charpos to the string position of the character
                 that comes after IT's current position in the visual
                 order.  */
              int n = (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION ? it->cmp_it.nchars : 1);

              it_copy = *it;
              while (n--)
                bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it_copy.bidi_it);

              charpos = it_copy.bidi_it.charpos;
            }
        }
      eassert (0 <= charpos && charpos <= SCHARS (it->string));

      if (it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0)
        bufpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
      else
        bufpos = 0;

      base_face_id = underlying_face_id (it);

      /* Get the face for ASCII, or unibyte.  */
      face_id = face_at_string_position (it->w,
                                         it->string,
                                         charpos,
                                         bufpos,
                                         &next_check_charpos,
                                         base_face_id, false);

      /* Correct the face for charsets different from ASCII.  Do it
         for the multibyte case only.  The face returned above is
         suitable for unibyte text if IT->string is unibyte.  */
      if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (it->string))
        {
          struct text_pos pos1 = string_pos (charpos, it->string);
          const unsigned char *p = SDATA (it->string) + BYTEPOS (pos1);
          int c, len;
          struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, face_id);

          c = string_char_and_length (p, &len);
          face_id = FACE_FOR_CHAR (it->f, face, c, charpos, it->string);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      struct text_pos pos;

      if ((IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= ZV && !before_p)
          || (IT_CHARPOS (*it) <= BEGV && before_p))
        return it->face_id;

      limit = IT_CHARPOS (*it) + TEXT_PROP_DISTANCE_LIMIT;
      pos = it->current.pos;

      if (!it->bidi_p)
        {
          if (before_p)
            DEC_TEXT_POS (pos, it->multibyte_p);
          else
            {
              if (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION)
                {
                  /* For composition, we must check the position after
                     the composition.  */
                  pos.charpos += it->cmp_it.nchars;
                  pos.bytepos += it->len;
                }
              else
                INC_TEXT_POS (pos, it->multibyte_p);
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (before_p)
            {
              int current_x;

              /* With bidi iteration, the character before the current
                 in the visual order cannot be found by simple
                 iteration, because "reverse" reordering is not
                 supported.  Instead, we need to use the move_it_*
                 family of functions, and move to the previous
                 character starting from the beginning of the visual
                 line.  */
              /* Ignore face changes before the first visible
                 character on this display line.  */
              if (it->current_x <= it->first_visible_x)
                return it->face_id;
              SAVE_IT (it_copy, *it, it_copy_data);
              /* Implementation note: Since move_it_in_display_line
                 works in the iterator geometry, and thinks the first
                 character is always the leftmost, even in R2L lines,
                 we don't need to distinguish between the R2L and L2R
                 cases here.  */
              current_x = it_copy.current_x;
              move_it_vertically_backward (&it_copy, 0);
              move_it_in_display_line (&it_copy, ZV, current_x - 1, MOVE_TO_X);
              pos = it_copy.current.pos;
              RESTORE_IT (it, it, it_copy_data);
            }
          else
            {
              /* Set charpos to the buffer position of the character
                 that comes after IT's current position in the visual
                 order.  */
              int n = (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION ? it->cmp_it.nchars : 1);

              it_copy = *it;
              while (n--)
                bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it_copy.bidi_it);

              SET_TEXT_POS (pos,
                            it_copy.bidi_it.charpos, it_copy.bidi_it.bytepos);
            }
        }
      eassert (BEGV <= CHARPOS (pos) && CHARPOS (pos) <= ZV);

      /* Determine face for CHARSET_ASCII, or unibyte.  */
      face_id = face_at_buffer_position (it->w,
                                         CHARPOS (pos),
                                         &next_check_charpos,
                                         limit, false, -1);

      /* Correct the face for charsets different from ASCII.  Do it
         for the multibyte case only.  The face returned above is
         suitable for unibyte text if current_buffer is unibyte.  */
      if (it->multibyte_p)
        {
          int c = FETCH_MULTIBYTE_CHAR (BYTEPOS (pos));
          struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, face_id);
          face_id = FACE_FOR_CHAR (it->f, face, c, CHARPOS (pos), Qnil);
        }
    }

  return face_id;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                            Invisible text
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Set up iterator IT from invisible properties at its current
   position.  Called from handle_stop.  */

static enum prop_handled
handle_invisible_prop (struct it *it)
{
  enum prop_handled handled = HANDLED_NORMALLY;
  int invis;
  Lisp_Object prop;

  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      Lisp_Object end_charpos, limit;

      /* Get the value of the invisible text property at the
         current position.  Value will be nil if there is no such
         property.  */
      end_charpos = make_number (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it));
      prop = Fget_text_property (end_charpos, Qinvisible, it->string);
      invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop);

      if (invis != 0 && IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) < it->end_charpos)
        {
          /* Record whether we have to display an ellipsis for the
             invisible text.  */
          bool display_ellipsis_p = (invis == 2);
          ptrdiff_t len, endpos;

          handled = HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS;

          /* Get the position at which the next visible text can be
             found in IT->string, if any.  */
          endpos = len = SCHARS (it->string);
          XSETINT (limit, len);
          do
            {
              end_charpos
                = Fnext_single_property_change (end_charpos, Qinvisible,
                                                it->string, limit);
              /* Since LIMIT is always an integer, so should be the
                 value returned by Fnext_single_property_change.  */
              eassert (INTEGERP (end_charpos));
              if (INTEGERP (end_charpos))
                {
                  endpos = XFASTINT (end_charpos);
                  prop = Fget_text_property (end_charpos, Qinvisible, it->string);
                  invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop);
                  if (invis == 2)
                    display_ellipsis_p = true;
                }
              else /* Should never happen; but if it does, exit the loop.  */
                endpos = len;
            }
          while (invis != 0 && endpos < len);

          if (display_ellipsis_p)
            it->ellipsis_p = true;

          if (endpos < len)
            {
              /* Text at END_CHARPOS is visible.  Move IT there.  */
              struct text_pos old;
              ptrdiff_t oldpos;

              old = it->current.string_pos;
              oldpos = CHARPOS (old);
              if (it->bidi_p)
                {
                  if (it->bidi_it.first_elt
                      && it->bidi_it.charpos < SCHARS (it->string))
                    bidi_paragraph_init (it->paragraph_embedding,
                                         &it->bidi_it, true);
                  /* Bidi-iterate out of the invisible text.  */
                  do
                    {
                      bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
                    }
                  while (oldpos <= it->bidi_it.charpos
                         && it->bidi_it.charpos < endpos
                         && it->bidi_it.charpos < it->bidi_it.string.schars);

                  IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
                  IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
                  if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= endpos)
                    it->prev_stop = endpos;
                }
              else
                {
                  IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = endpos;
                  compute_string_pos (&it->current.string_pos, old, it->string);
                }
            }
          else
            {
              /* The rest of the string is invisible.  If this is an
                 overlay string, proceed with the next overlay string
                 or whatever comes and return a character from there.  */
              if (it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0
                  && !display_ellipsis_p)
                {
                  next_overlay_string (it);
                  /* Don't check for overlay strings when we just
                     finished processing them.  */
                  handled = HANDLED_OVERLAY_STRING_CONSUMED;
                }
              else
                {
                  IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = SCHARS (it->string);
                  IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = SBYTES (it->string);
                }
            }
        }
    }
  else
    {
      ptrdiff_t newpos, next_stop, start_charpos, tem;
      Lisp_Object pos, overlay;

      /* First of all, is there invisible text at this position?  */
      tem = start_charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
      pos = make_number (tem);
      prop = get_char_property_and_overlay (pos, Qinvisible, it->window,
                                            &overlay);
      invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop);

      /* If we are on invisible text, skip over it.  */
      if (invis != 0 && start_charpos < it->end_charpos)
        {
          /* Record whether we have to display an ellipsis for the
             invisible text.  */
          bool display_ellipsis_p = invis == 2;

          handled = HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS;

          /* Loop skipping over invisible text.  The loop is left at
             ZV or with IT on the first char being visible again.  */
          do
            {
              /* Try to skip some invisible text.  Return value is the
                 position reached which can be equal to where we start
                 if there is nothing invisible there.  This skips both
                 over invisible text properties and overlays with
                 invisible property.  */
              newpos = skip_invisible (tem, &next_stop, ZV, it->window);

              /* If we skipped nothing at all we weren't at invisible
                 text in the first place.  If everything to the end of
                 the buffer was skipped, end the loop.  */
              if (newpos == tem || newpos >= ZV)
                invis = 0;
              else
                {
                  /* We skipped some characters but not necessarily
                     all there are.  Check if we ended up on visible
                     text.  Fget_char_property returns the property of
                     the char before the given position, i.e. if we
                     get invis = 0, this means that the char at
                     newpos is visible.  */
                  pos = make_number (newpos);
                  prop = Fget_char_property (pos, Qinvisible, it->window);
                  invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop);
                }

              /* If we ended up on invisible text, proceed to
                 skip starting with next_stop.  */
              if (invis != 0)
                tem = next_stop;

              /* If there are adjacent invisible texts, don't lose the
                 second one's ellipsis.  */
              if (invis == 2)
                display_ellipsis_p = true;
            }
          while (invis != 0);

          /* The position newpos is now either ZV or on visible text.  */
          if (it->bidi_p)
            {
              ptrdiff_t bpos = CHAR_TO_BYTE (newpos);
              bool on_newline
                = bpos == ZV_BYTE || FETCH_BYTE (bpos) == '\n';
              bool after_newline
                = newpos <= BEGV || FETCH_BYTE (bpos - 1) == '\n';

              /* If the invisible text ends on a newline or on a
                 character after a newline, we can avoid the costly,
                 character by character, bidi iteration to NEWPOS, and
                 instead simply reseat the iterator there.  That's
                 because all bidi reordering information is tossed at
                 the newline.  This is a big win for modes that hide
                 complete lines, like Outline, Org, etc.  */
              if (on_newline || after_newline)
                {
                  struct text_pos tpos;
                  bidi_dir_t pdir = it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir;

                  SET_TEXT_POS (tpos, newpos, bpos);
                  reseat_1 (it, tpos, false);
                  /* If we reseat on a newline/ZV, we need to prep the
                     bidi iterator for advancing to the next character
                     after the newline/EOB, keeping the current paragraph
                     direction (so that PRODUCE_GLYPHS does TRT wrt
                     prepending/appending glyphs to a glyph row).  */
                  if (on_newline)
                    {
                      it->bidi_it.first_elt = false;
                      it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir = pdir;
                      it->bidi_it.ch = (bpos == ZV_BYTE) ? -1 : '\n';
                      it->bidi_it.nchars = 1;
                      it->bidi_it.ch_len = 1;
                    }
                }
              else      /* Must use the slow method.  */
                {
                  /* With bidi iteration, the region of invisible text
                     could start and/or end in the middle of a
                     non-base embedding level.  Therefore, we need to
                     skip invisible text using the bidi iterator,
                     starting at IT's current position, until we find
                     ourselves outside of the invisible text.
                     Skipping invisible text _after_ bidi iteration
                     avoids affecting the visual order of the
                     displayed text when invisible properties are
                     added or removed.  */
                  if (it->bidi_it.first_elt && it->bidi_it.charpos < ZV)
                    {
                      /* If we were `reseat'ed to a new paragraph,
                         determine the paragraph base direction.  We
                         need to do it now because
                         next_element_from_buffer may not have a
                         chance to do it, if we are going to skip any
                         text at the beginning, which resets the
                         FIRST_ELT flag.  */
                      bidi_paragraph_init (it->paragraph_embedding,
                                           &it->bidi_it, true);
                    }
                  do
                    {
                      bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
                    }
                  while (it->stop_charpos <= it->bidi_it.charpos
                         && it->bidi_it.charpos < newpos);
                  IT_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
                  IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
                  /* If we overstepped NEWPOS, record its position in
                     the iterator, so that we skip invisible text if
                     later the bidi iteration lands us in the
                     invisible region again. */
                  if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= newpos)
                    it->prev_stop = newpos;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) = newpos;
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = CHAR_TO_BYTE (newpos);
            }

          if (display_ellipsis_p)
            {
              /* Make sure that the glyphs of the ellipsis will get
                 correct `charpos' values.  If we would not update
                 it->position here, the glyphs would belong to the
                 last visible character _before_ the invisible
                 text, which confuses `set_cursor_from_row'.

                 We use the last invisible position instead of the
                 first because this way the cursor is always drawn on
                 the first "." of the ellipsis, whenever PT is inside
                 the invisible text.  Otherwise the cursor would be
                 placed _after_ the ellipsis when the point is after the
                 first invisible character.  */
              if (!STRINGP (it->object))
                {
                  it->position.charpos = newpos - 1;
                  it->position.bytepos = CHAR_TO_BYTE (it->position.charpos);
                }
            }

          /* If there are before-strings at the start of invisible
             text, and the text is invisible because of a text
             property, arrange to show before-strings because 20.x did
             it that way.  (If the text is invisible because of an
             overlay property instead of a text property, this is
             already handled in the overlay code.)  */
          if (NILP (overlay)
              && get_overlay_strings (it, it->stop_charpos))
            {
              handled = HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS;
              if (it->sp > 0)
                {
                  it->stack[it->sp - 1].display_ellipsis_p = display_ellipsis_p;
                  /* The call to get_overlay_strings above recomputes
                     it->stop_charpos, but it only considers changes
                     in properties and overlays beyond iterator's
                     current position.  This causes us to miss changes
                     that happen exactly where the invisible property
                     ended.  So we play it safe here and force the
                     iterator to check for potential stop positions
                     immediately after the invisible text.  Note that
                     if get_overlay_strings returns true, it
                     normally also pushed the iterator stack, so we
                     need to update the stop position in the slot
                     below the current one.  */
                  it->stack[it->sp - 1].stop_charpos
                    = CHARPOS (it->stack[it->sp - 1].current.pos);
                }
            }
          else if (display_ellipsis_p)
            {
              it->ellipsis_p = true;
              /* Let the ellipsis display before
                 considering any properties of the following char.
                 Fixes jasonr@gnu.org 01 Oct 07 bug.  */
              handled = HANDLED_RETURN;
            }
        }
    }

  return handled;
}


/* Make iterator IT return `...' next.
   Replaces LEN characters from buffer.  */

static void
setup_for_ellipsis (struct it *it, int len)
{
  /* Use the display table definition for `...'.  Invalid glyphs
     will be handled by the method returning elements from dpvec.  */
  if (it->dp && VECTORP (DISP_INVIS_VECTOR (it->dp)))
    {
      struct Lisp_Vector *v = XVECTOR (DISP_INVIS_VECTOR (it->dp));
      it->dpvec = v->contents;
      it->dpend = v->contents + v->header.size;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Default `...'.  */
      it->dpvec = default_invis_vector;
      it->dpend = default_invis_vector + 3;
    }

  it->dpvec_char_len = len;
  it->current.dpvec_index = 0;
  it->dpvec_face_id = -1;

  /* Use IT->saved_face_id for the ellipsis, so that it has the same
     face as the preceding text.  IT->saved_face_id was set in
     handle_stop to the face of the preceding character, and will be
     different from IT->face_id only if the invisible text skipped in
     handle_invisible_prop has some non-default face on its first
     character.  We thus ignore the face of the invisible text when we
     display the ellipsis.  IT's face is restored in set_iterator_to_next.  */
  if (it->saved_face_id >= 0)
    it->face_id = it->saved_face_id;

  /* If the ellipsis represents buffer text, it means we advanced in
     the buffer, so we should no longer ignore overlay strings.  */
  if (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER)
    it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p = false;

  it->method = GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR;
  it->ellipsis_p = true;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                            'display' property
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Set up iterator IT from `display' property at its current position.
   Called from handle_stop.
   We return HANDLED_RETURN if some part of the display property
   overrides the display of the buffer text itself.
   Otherwise we return HANDLED_NORMALLY.  */

static enum prop_handled
handle_display_prop (struct it *it)
{
  Lisp_Object propval, object, overlay;
  struct text_pos *position;
  ptrdiff_t bufpos;
  /* Nonzero if some property replaces the display of the text itself.  */
  int display_replaced = 0;

  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      object = it->string;
      position = &it->current.string_pos;
      bufpos = CHARPOS (it->current.pos);
    }
  else
    {
      XSETWINDOW (object, it->w);
      position = &it->current.pos;
      bufpos = CHARPOS (*position);
    }

  /* Reset those iterator values set from display property values.  */
  it->slice.x = it->slice.y = it->slice.width = it->slice.height = Qnil;
  it->space_width = Qnil;
  it->font_height = Qnil;
  it->voffset = 0;

  /* We don't support recursive `display' properties, i.e. string
     values that have a string `display' property, that have a string
     `display' property etc.  */
  if (!it->string_from_display_prop_p)
    it->area = TEXT_AREA;

  propval = get_char_property_and_overlay (make_number (position->charpos),
                                           Qdisplay, object, &overlay);
  if (NILP (propval))
    return HANDLED_NORMALLY;
  /* Now OVERLAY is the overlay that gave us this property, or nil
     if it was a text property.  */

  if (!STRINGP (it->string))
    object = it->w->contents;

  display_replaced = handle_display_spec (it, propval, object, overlay,
                                          position, bufpos,
                                          FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f));
  return display_replaced != 0 ? HANDLED_RETURN : HANDLED_NORMALLY;
}

/* Subroutine of handle_display_prop.  Returns non-zero if the display
   specification in SPEC is a replacing specification, i.e. it would
   replace the text covered by `display' property with something else,
   such as an image or a display string.  If SPEC includes any kind or
   `(space ...) specification, the value is 2; this is used by
   compute_display_string_pos, which see.

   See handle_single_display_spec for documentation of arguments.
   FRAME_WINDOW_P is true if the window being redisplayed is on a
   GUI frame; this argument is used only if IT is NULL, see below.

   IT can be NULL, if this is called by the bidi reordering code
   through compute_display_string_pos, which see.  In that case, this
   function only examines SPEC, but does not otherwise "handle" it, in
   the sense that it doesn't set up members of IT from the display
   spec.  */
static int
handle_display_spec (struct it *it, Lisp_Object spec, Lisp_Object object,
                     Lisp_Object overlay, struct text_pos *position,
                     ptrdiff_t bufpos, bool frame_window_p)
{
  int replacing = 0;
  bool enable_eval = true;

  /* Support (disable-eval PROP) which is used by enriched.el.  */
  if (CONSP (spec) && EQ (XCAR (spec), Qdisable_eval))
    {
      enable_eval = false;
      spec = XCAR (XCDR (spec));
    }

  if (CONSP (spec)
      /* Simple specifications.  */
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qimage)
#ifdef HAVE_XWIDGETS
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qxwidget)
#endif
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qspace)
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qwhen)
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qslice)
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qspace_width)
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qheight)
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qraise)
      /* Marginal area specifications.  */
      && !(CONSP (XCAR (spec)) && EQ (XCAR (XCAR (spec)), Qmargin))
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qleft_fringe)
      && !EQ (XCAR (spec), Qright_fringe)
      && !NILP (XCAR (spec)))
    {
      for (; CONSP (spec); spec = XCDR (spec))
        {
          int rv = handle_single_display_spec (it, XCAR (spec), object,
                                               overlay, position, bufpos,
                                               replacing, frame_window_p,
                                               enable_eval);
          if (rv != 0)
            {
              replacing = rv;
              /* If some text in a string is replaced, `position' no
                 longer points to the position of `object'.  */
              if (!it || STRINGP (object))
                break;
            }
        }
    }
  else if (VECTORP (spec))
    {
      ptrdiff_t i;
      for (i = 0; i < ASIZE (spec); ++i)
        {
          int rv = handle_single_display_spec (it, AREF (spec, i), object,
                                               overlay, position, bufpos,
                                               replacing, frame_window_p,
                                               enable_eval);
          if (rv != 0)
            {
              replacing = rv;
              /* If some text in a string is replaced, `position' no
                 longer points to the position of `object'.  */
              if (!it || STRINGP (object))
                break;
            }
        }
    }
  else
    replacing = handle_single_display_spec (it, spec, object, overlay, position,
                                            bufpos, 0, frame_window_p,
                                            enable_eval);
  return replacing;
}

/* Value is the position of the end of the `display' property starting
   at START_POS in OBJECT.  */

static struct text_pos
display_prop_end (struct it *it, Lisp_Object object, struct text_pos start_pos)
{
  Lisp_Object end;
  struct text_pos end_pos;

  end = Fnext_single_char_property_change (make_number (CHARPOS (start_pos)),
                                           Qdisplay, object, Qnil);
  CHARPOS (end_pos) = XFASTINT (end);
  if (STRINGP (object))
    compute_string_pos (&end_pos, start_pos, it->string);
  else
    BYTEPOS (end_pos) = CHAR_TO_BYTE (XFASTINT (end));

  return end_pos;
}


/* Set up IT from a single `display' property specification SPEC.  OBJECT
   is the object in which the `display' property was found.  *POSITION
   is the position in OBJECT at which the `display' property was found.
   BUFPOS is the buffer position of OBJECT (different from POSITION if
   OBJECT is not a buffer).  DISPLAY_REPLACED non-zero means that we
   previously saw a display specification which already replaced text
   display with something else, for example an image; we ignore such
   properties after the first one has been processed.

   OVERLAY is the overlay this `display' property came from,
   or nil if it was a text property.

   If SPEC is a `space' or `image' specification, and in some other
   cases too, set *POSITION to the position where the `display'
   property ends.

   If IT is NULL, only examine the property specification in SPEC, but
   don't set up IT.  In that case, FRAME_WINDOW_P means SPEC
   is intended to be displayed in a window on a GUI frame.

   Enable evaluation of Lisp forms only if ENABLE_EVAL_P is true.

   Value is non-zero if something was found which replaces the display
   of buffer or string text.  */

static int
handle_single_display_spec (struct it *it, Lisp_Object spec, Lisp_Object object,
                            Lisp_Object overlay, struct text_pos *position,
                            ptrdiff_t bufpos, int display_replaced,
                            bool frame_window_p, bool enable_eval_p)
{
  Lisp_Object form;
  Lisp_Object location, value;
  struct text_pos start_pos = *position;

  /* If SPEC is a list of the form `(when FORM . VALUE)', evaluate FORM.
     If the result is non-nil, use VALUE instead of SPEC.  */
  form = Qt;
  if (CONSP (spec) && EQ (XCAR (spec), Qwhen))
    {
      spec = XCDR (spec);
      if (!CONSP (spec))
        return 0;
      form = XCAR (spec);
      spec = XCDR (spec);
    }

  if (!NILP (form) && !EQ (form, Qt) && !enable_eval_p)
    form = Qnil;
  if (!NILP (form) && !EQ (form, Qt))
    {
      ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

      /* Bind `object' to the object having the `display' property, a
         buffer or string.  Bind `position' to the position in the
         object where the property was found, and `buffer-position'
         to the current position in the buffer.  */

      if (NILP (object))
        XSETBUFFER (object, current_buffer);
      specbind (Qobject, object);
      specbind (Qposition, make_number (CHARPOS (*position)));
      specbind (Qbuffer_position, make_number (bufpos));
      form = safe_eval (form);
      unbind_to (count, Qnil);
    }

  if (NILP (form))
    return 0;

  /* Handle `(height HEIGHT)' specifications.  */
  if (CONSP (spec)
      && EQ (XCAR (spec), Qheight)
      && CONSP (XCDR (spec)))
    {
      if (it)
        {
          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
            return 0;

          it->font_height = XCAR (XCDR (spec));
          if (!NILP (it->font_height))
            {
              int new_height = -1;

              if (CONSP (it->font_height)
                  && (EQ (XCAR (it->font_height), Qplus)
                      || EQ (XCAR (it->font_height), Qminus))
                  && CONSP (XCDR (it->font_height))
                  && RANGED_INTEGERP (0, XCAR (XCDR (it->font_height)), INT_MAX))
                {
                  /* `(+ N)' or `(- N)' where N is an integer.  */
                  int steps = XINT (XCAR (XCDR (it->font_height)));
                  if (EQ (XCAR (it->font_height), Qplus))
                    steps = - steps;
                  it->face_id = smaller_face (it->f, it->face_id, steps);
                }
              else if (FUNCTIONP (it->font_height) && enable_eval_p)
                {
                  /* Call function with current height as argument.
                     Value is the new height.  */
                  struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
                  Lisp_Object height;
                  height = safe_call1 (it->font_height,
                                       face->lface[LFACE_HEIGHT_INDEX]);
                  if (NUMBERP (height))
                    new_height = XFLOATINT (height);
                }
              else if (NUMBERP (it->font_height))
                {
                  /* Value is a multiple of the canonical char height.  */
                  struct face *f;

                  f = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f,
                                    lookup_basic_face (it->f, DEFAULT_FACE_ID));
                  new_height = (XFLOATINT (it->font_height)
                                * XINT (f->lface[LFACE_HEIGHT_INDEX]));
                }
              else if (enable_eval_p)
                {
                  /* Evaluate IT->font_height with `height' bound to the
                     current specified height to get the new height.  */
                  ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
                  struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);

                  specbind (Qheight, face->lface[LFACE_HEIGHT_INDEX]);
                  value = safe_eval (it->font_height);
                  unbind_to (count, Qnil);

                  if (NUMBERP (value))
                    new_height = XFLOATINT (value);
                }

              if (new_height > 0)
                it->face_id = face_with_height (it->f, it->face_id, new_height);
            }
        }

      return 0;
    }

  /* Handle `(space-width WIDTH)'.  */
  if (CONSP (spec)
      && EQ (XCAR (spec), Qspace_width)
      && CONSP (XCDR (spec)))
    {
      if (it)
        {
          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
            return 0;

          value = XCAR (XCDR (spec));
          if (NUMBERP (value) && XFLOATINT (value) > 0)
            it->space_width = value;
        }

      return 0;
    }

  /* Handle `(slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT)'.  */
  if (CONSP (spec)
      && EQ (XCAR (spec), Qslice))
    {
      Lisp_Object tem;

      if (it)
        {
          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
            return 0;

          if (tem = XCDR (spec), CONSP (tem))
            {
              it->slice.x = XCAR (tem);
              if (tem = XCDR (tem), CONSP (tem))
                {
                  it->slice.y = XCAR (tem);
                  if (tem = XCDR (tem), CONSP (tem))
                    {
                      it->slice.width = XCAR (tem);
                      if (tem = XCDR (tem), CONSP (tem))
                        it->slice.height = XCAR (tem);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

      return 0;
    }

  /* Handle `(raise FACTOR)'.  */
  if (CONSP (spec)
      && EQ (XCAR (spec), Qraise)
      && CONSP (XCDR (spec)))
    {
      if (it)
        {
          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
            return 0;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
          value = XCAR (XCDR (spec));
          if (NUMBERP (value))
            {
              struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
              it->voffset = - (XFLOATINT (value)
                               * (normal_char_height (face->font, -1)));
            }
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
        }

      return 0;
    }

  /* Don't handle the other kinds of display specifications
     inside a string that we got from a `display' property.  */
  if (it && it->string_from_display_prop_p)
    return 0;

  /* Characters having this form of property are not displayed, so
     we have to find the end of the property.  */
  if (it)
    {
      start_pos = *position;
      *position = display_prop_end (it, object, start_pos);
      /* If the display property comes from an overlay, don't consider
         any potential stop_charpos values before the end of that
         overlay.  Since display_prop_end will happily find another
         'display' property coming from some other overlay or text
         property on buffer positions before this overlay's end, we
         need to ignore them, or else we risk displaying this
         overlay's display string/image twice.  */
      if (!NILP (overlay))
        {
          ptrdiff_t ovendpos = OVERLAY_POSITION (OVERLAY_END (overlay));

          /* Some borderline-sane Lisp might call us with the current
             buffer narrowed so that overlay-end is outside the
             POINT_MIN..POINT_MAX region, which will then cause
             various assertion violations and crashes down the road,
             starting with pop_it when it will attempt to use POSITION
             set below.  Prevent that.  */
          ovendpos = clip_to_bounds (BEGV, ovendpos, ZV);

          if (ovendpos > CHARPOS (*position))
            SET_TEXT_POS (*position, ovendpos, CHAR_TO_BYTE (ovendpos));
        }
    }
  value = Qnil;

  /* Stop the scan at that end position--we assume that all
     text properties change there.  */
  if (it)
    it->stop_charpos = position->charpos;

  /* Handle `(left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])'
     and `(right-fringe BITMAP [FACE])'.  */
  if (CONSP (spec)
      && (EQ (XCAR (spec), Qleft_fringe)
          || EQ (XCAR (spec), Qright_fringe))
      && CONSP (XCDR (spec)))
    {
      if (it)
        {
          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
            /* If we return here, POSITION has been advanced
               across the text with this property.  */
            {
              /* Synchronize the bidi iterator with POSITION.  This is
                 needed because we are not going to push the iterator
                 on behalf of this display property, so there will be
                 no pop_it call to do this synchronization for us.  */
              if (it->bidi_p)
                {
                  it->position = *position;
                  iterate_out_of_display_property (it);
                  *position = it->position;
                }
              return 1;
            }
        }
      else if (!frame_window_p)
        return 1;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      value = XCAR (XCDR (spec));
      int fringe_bitmap = SYMBOLP (value) ? lookup_fringe_bitmap (value) : 0;
      if (! fringe_bitmap)
        /* If we return here, POSITION has been advanced
           across the text with this property.  */
        {
          if (it && it->bidi_p)
            {
              it->position = *position;
              iterate_out_of_display_property (it);
              *position = it->position;
            }
          return 1;
        }

      if (it)
        {
          int face_id = lookup_basic_face (it->f, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);

          if (CONSP (XCDR (XCDR (spec))))
            {
              Lisp_Object face_name = XCAR (XCDR (XCDR (spec)));
              int face_id2 = lookup_derived_face (it->f, face_name,
                                                  FRINGE_FACE_ID, false);
              if (face_id2 >= 0)
                face_id = face_id2;
            }

          /* Save current settings of IT so that we can restore them
             when we are finished with the glyph property value.  */
          push_it (it, position);

          it->area = TEXT_AREA;
          it->what = IT_IMAGE;
          it->image_id = -1; /* no image */
          it->position = start_pos;
          it->object = NILP (object) ? it->w->contents : object;
          it->method = GET_FROM_IMAGE;
          it->from_overlay = Qnil;
          it->face_id = face_id;
          it->from_disp_prop_p = true;

          /* Say that we haven't consumed the characters with
             `display' property yet.  The call to pop_it in
             set_iterator_to_next will clean this up.  */
          *position = start_pos;

          if (EQ (XCAR (spec), Qleft_fringe))
            {
              it->left_user_fringe_bitmap = fringe_bitmap;
              it->left_user_fringe_face_id = face_id;
            }
          else
            {
              it->right_user_fringe_bitmap = fringe_bitmap;
              it->right_user_fringe_face_id = face_id;
            }
        }
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
      return 1;
    }

  /* Prepare to handle `((margin left-margin) ...)',
     `((margin right-margin) ...)' and `((margin nil) ...)'
     prefixes for display specifications.  */
  location = Qunbound;
  if (CONSP (spec) && CONSP (XCAR (spec)))
    {
      Lisp_Object tem;

      value = XCDR (spec);
      if (CONSP (value))
        value = XCAR (value);

      tem = XCAR (spec);
      if (EQ (XCAR (tem), Qmargin)
          && (tem = XCDR (tem),
              tem = CONSP (tem) ? XCAR (tem) : Qnil,
              (NILP (tem)
               || EQ (tem, Qleft_margin)
               || EQ (tem, Qright_margin))))
        location = tem;
    }

  if (EQ (location, Qunbound))
    {
      location = Qnil;
      value = spec;
    }

  /* After this point, VALUE is the property after any
     margin prefix has been stripped.  It must be a string,
     an image specification, or `(space ...)'.

     LOCATION specifies where to display: `left-margin',
     `right-margin' or nil.  */

  bool valid_p = (STRINGP (value)
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
                  || ((it ? FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f) : frame_window_p)
                      && valid_image_p (value))
#endif /* not HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
             || (CONSP (value) && EQ (XCAR (value), Qspace))
             || ((it ? FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f) : frame_window_p)
                 && valid_xwidget_spec_p (value)));

  if (valid_p && display_replaced == 0)
    {
      int retval = 1;

      if (!it)
        {
          /* Callers need to know whether the display spec is any kind
             of `(space ...)' spec that is about to affect text-area
             display.  */
          if (CONSP (value) && EQ (XCAR (value), Qspace) && NILP (location))
            retval = 2;
          return retval;
        }

      /* Save current settings of IT so that we can restore them
         when we are finished with the glyph property value.  */
      push_it (it, position);
      it->from_overlay = overlay;
      it->from_disp_prop_p = true;

      if (NILP (location))
        it->area = TEXT_AREA;
      else if (EQ (location, Qleft_margin))
        it->area = LEFT_MARGIN_AREA;
      else
        it->area = RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA;

      if (STRINGP (value))
        {
          it->string = value;
          it->multibyte_p = STRING_MULTIBYTE (it->string);
          it->current.overlay_string_index = -1;
          IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = 0;
          it->end_charpos = it->string_nchars = SCHARS (it->string);
          it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
          it->stop_charpos = 0;
          it->prev_stop = 0;
          it->base_level_stop = 0;
          it->string_from_display_prop_p = true;
          it->cmp_it.id = -1;
          /* Say that we haven't consumed the characters with
             `display' property yet.  The call to pop_it in
             set_iterator_to_next will clean this up.  */
          if (BUFFERP (object))
            *position = start_pos;

          /* Force paragraph direction to be that of the parent
             object.  If the parent object's paragraph direction is
             not yet determined, default to L2R.  */
          if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
            it->paragraph_embedding = it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir;
          else
            it->paragraph_embedding = L2R;

          /* Set up the bidi iterator for this display string.  */
          if (it->bidi_p)
            {
              it->bidi_it.string.lstring = it->string;
              it->bidi_it.string.s = NULL;
              it->bidi_it.string.schars = it->end_charpos;
              it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = bufpos;
              it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = true;
              it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = !it->multibyte_p;
              it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
              bidi_init_it (0, 0, FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f), &it->bidi_it);
            }
        }
      else if (CONSP (value) && EQ (XCAR (value), Qspace))
        {
          it->method = GET_FROM_STRETCH;
          it->object = value;
          *position = it->position = start_pos;
          retval = 1 + (it->area == TEXT_AREA);
        }
      else if (valid_xwidget_spec_p (value))
        {
          it->what = IT_XWIDGET;
          it->method = GET_FROM_XWIDGET;
          it->position = start_pos;
          it->object = NILP (object) ? it->w->contents : object;
          *position = start_pos;
          it->xwidget = lookup_xwidget (value);
        }
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      else
        {
          it->what = IT_IMAGE;
          it->image_id = lookup_image (it->f, value);
          it->position = start_pos;
          it->object = NILP (object) ? it->w->contents : object;
          it->method = GET_FROM_IMAGE;

          /* Say that we haven't consumed the characters with
             `display' property yet.  The call to pop_it in
             set_iterator_to_next will clean this up.  */
          *position = start_pos;
        }
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

      return retval;
    }

  /* Invalid property or property not supported.  Restore
     POSITION to what it was before.  */
  *position = start_pos;
  return 0;
}

/* Check if PROP is a display property value whose text should be
   treated as intangible.  OVERLAY is the overlay from which PROP
   came, or nil if it came from a text property.  CHARPOS and BYTEPOS
   specify the buffer position covered by PROP.  */

bool
display_prop_intangible_p (Lisp_Object prop, Lisp_Object overlay,
                           ptrdiff_t charpos, ptrdiff_t bytepos)
{
  bool frame_window_p = FRAME_WINDOW_P (XFRAME (selected_frame));
  struct text_pos position;

  SET_TEXT_POS (position, charpos, bytepos);
  return (handle_display_spec (NULL, prop, Qnil, overlay,
                               &position, charpos, frame_window_p)
          != 0);
}


/* Return true if PROP is a display sub-property value containing STRING.

   Implementation note: this and the following function are really
   special cases of handle_display_spec and
   handle_single_display_spec, and should ideally use the same code.
   Until they do, these two pairs must be consistent and must be
   modified in sync.  */

static bool
single_display_spec_string_p (Lisp_Object prop, Lisp_Object string)
{
  if (EQ (string, prop))
    return true;

  /* Skip over `when FORM'.  */
  if (CONSP (prop) && EQ (XCAR (prop), Qwhen))
    {
      prop = XCDR (prop);
      if (!CONSP (prop))
        return false;
      /* Actually, the condition following `when' should be eval'ed,
         like handle_single_display_spec does, and we should return
         false if it evaluates to nil.  However, this function is
         called only when the buffer was already displayed and some
         glyph in the glyph matrix was found to come from a display
         string.  Therefore, the condition was already evaluated, and
         the result was non-nil, otherwise the display string wouldn't
         have been displayed and we would have never been called for
         this property.  Thus, we can skip the evaluation and assume
         its result is non-nil.  */
      prop = XCDR (prop);
    }

  if (CONSP (prop))
    /* Skip over `margin LOCATION'.  */
    if (EQ (XCAR (prop), Qmargin))
      {
        prop = XCDR (prop);
        if (!CONSP (prop))
          return false;

        prop = XCDR (prop);
        if (!CONSP (prop))
          return false;
      }

  return EQ (prop, string) || (CONSP (prop) && EQ (XCAR (prop), string));
}


/* Return true if STRING appears in the `display' property PROP.  */

static bool
display_prop_string_p (Lisp_Object prop, Lisp_Object string)
{
  if (CONSP (prop)
      && !EQ (XCAR (prop), Qwhen)
      && !(CONSP (XCAR (prop)) && EQ (Qmargin, XCAR (XCAR (prop)))))
    {
      /* A list of sub-properties.  */
      while (CONSP (prop))
        {
          if (single_display_spec_string_p (XCAR (prop), string))
            return true;
          prop = XCDR (prop);
        }
    }
  else if (VECTORP (prop))
    {
      /* A vector of sub-properties.  */
      ptrdiff_t i;
      for (i = 0; i < ASIZE (prop); ++i)
        if (single_display_spec_string_p (AREF (prop, i), string))
          return true;
    }
  else
    return single_display_spec_string_p (prop, string);

  return false;
}

/* Look for STRING in overlays and text properties in the current
   buffer, between character positions FROM and TO (excluding TO).
   BACK_P means look back (in this case, TO is supposed to be
   less than FROM).
   Value is the first character position where STRING was found, or
   zero if it wasn't found before hitting TO.

   This function may only use code that doesn't eval because it is
   called asynchronously from note_mouse_highlight.  */

static ptrdiff_t
string_buffer_position_lim (Lisp_Object string,
                            ptrdiff_t from, ptrdiff_t to, bool back_p)
{
  Lisp_Object limit, prop, pos;
  bool found = false;

  pos = make_number (max (from, BEGV));

  if (!back_p)  /* looking forward */
    {
      limit = make_number (min (to, ZV));
      while (!found && !EQ (pos, limit))
        {
          prop = Fget_char_property (pos, Qdisplay, Qnil);
          if (!NILP (prop) && display_prop_string_p (prop, string))
            found = true;
          else
            pos = Fnext_single_char_property_change (pos, Qdisplay, Qnil,
                                                     limit);
        }
    }
  else          /* looking back */
    {
      limit = make_number (max (to, BEGV));
      while (!found && !EQ (pos, limit))
        {
          prop = Fget_char_property (pos, Qdisplay, Qnil);
          if (!NILP (prop) && display_prop_string_p (prop, string))
            found = true;
          else
            pos = Fprevious_single_char_property_change (pos, Qdisplay, Qnil,
                                                         limit);
        }
    }

  return found ? XINT (pos) : 0;
}

/* Determine which buffer position in current buffer STRING comes from.
   AROUND_CHARPOS is an approximate position where it could come from.
   Value is the buffer position or 0 if it couldn't be determined.

   This function is necessary because we don't record buffer positions
   in glyphs generated from strings (to keep struct glyph small).
   This function may only use code that doesn't eval because it is
   called asynchronously from note_mouse_highlight.  */

static ptrdiff_t
string_buffer_position (Lisp_Object string, ptrdiff_t around_charpos)
{
  const int MAX_DISTANCE = 1000;
  ptrdiff_t found = string_buffer_position_lim (string, around_charpos,
                                                around_charpos + MAX_DISTANCE,
                                                false);

  if (!found)
    found = string_buffer_position_lim (string, around_charpos,
                                        around_charpos - MAX_DISTANCE, true);
  return found;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                        `composition' property
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Set up iterator IT from `composition' property at its current
   position.  Called from handle_stop.  */

static enum prop_handled
handle_composition_prop (struct it *it)
{
  Lisp_Object prop, string;
  ptrdiff_t pos, pos_byte, start, end;

  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      unsigned char *s;

      pos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
      pos_byte = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it);
      string = it->string;
      s = SDATA (string) + pos_byte;
      it->c = STRING_CHAR (s);
    }
  else
    {
      pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
      pos_byte = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);
      string = Qnil;
      it->c = FETCH_CHAR (pos_byte);
    }

  /* If there's a valid composition and point is not inside of the
     composition (in the case that the composition is from the current
     buffer), draw a glyph composed from the composition components.  */
  if (find_composition (pos, -1, &start, &end, &prop, string)
      && composition_valid_p (start, end, prop)
      && (STRINGP (it->string) || (PT <= start || PT >= end)))
    {
      if (start < pos)
        /* As we can't handle this situation (perhaps font-lock added
           a new composition), we just return here hoping that next
           redisplay will detect this composition much earlier.  */
        return HANDLED_NORMALLY;
      if (start != pos)
        {
          if (STRINGP (it->string))
            pos_byte = string_char_to_byte (it->string, start);
          else
            pos_byte = CHAR_TO_BYTE (start);
        }
      it->cmp_it.id = get_composition_id (start, pos_byte, end - start,
                                               prop, string);

      if (it->cmp_it.id >= 0)
        {
          it->cmp_it.ch = -1;
          it->cmp_it.nchars = COMPOSITION_LENGTH (prop);
          it->cmp_it.nglyphs = -1;
        }
    }

  return HANDLED_NORMALLY;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                           Overlay strings
 ***********************************************************************/

/* The following structure is used to record overlay strings for
   later sorting in load_overlay_strings.  */

struct overlay_entry
{
  Lisp_Object overlay;
  Lisp_Object string;
  EMACS_INT priority;
  bool after_string_p;
};


/* Set up iterator IT from overlay strings at its current position.
   Called from handle_stop.  */

static enum prop_handled
handle_overlay_change (struct it *it)
{
  if (!STRINGP (it->string) && get_overlay_strings (it, 0))
    return HANDLED_RECOMPUTE_PROPS;
  else
    return HANDLED_NORMALLY;
}


/* Set up the next overlay string for delivery by IT, if there is an
   overlay string to deliver.  Called by set_iterator_to_next when the
   end of the current overlay string is reached.  If there are more
   overlay strings to display, IT->string and
   IT->current.overlay_string_index are set appropriately here.
   Otherwise IT->string is set to nil.  */

static void
next_overlay_string (struct it *it)
{
  ++it->current.overlay_string_index;
  if (it->current.overlay_string_index == it->n_overlay_strings)
    {
      /* No more overlay strings.  Restore IT's settings to what
         they were before overlay strings were processed, and
         continue to deliver from current_buffer.  */

      it->ellipsis_p = it->stack[it->sp - 1].display_ellipsis_p;
      pop_it (it);
      eassert (it->sp > 0
               || (NILP (it->string)
                   && it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER
                   && it->stop_charpos >= BEGV
                   && it->stop_charpos <= it->end_charpos));
      it->current.overlay_string_index = -1;
      it->n_overlay_strings = 0;
      /* If there's an empty display string on the stack, pop the
         stack, to resync the bidi iterator with IT's position.  Such
         empty strings are pushed onto the stack in
         get_overlay_strings_1.  */
      if (it->sp > 0 && STRINGP (it->string) && !SCHARS (it->string))
        pop_it (it);

      /* Since we've exhausted overlay strings at this buffer
         position, set the flag to ignore overlays until we move to
         another position.  (The flag will be reset in
         next_element_from_buffer.)  But don't do that if the overlay
         strings were loaded at position other than the current one,
         which could happen if we called pop_it above, or if the
         overlay strings were loaded by handle_invisible_prop at the
         beginning of invisible text.  */
      if (it->overlay_strings_charpos == IT_CHARPOS (*it))
        it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p = true;

      /* If we're at the end of the buffer, record that we have
         processed the overlay strings there already, so that
         next_element_from_buffer doesn't try it again.  */
      if (NILP (it->string)
          && IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->end_charpos
          && it->overlay_strings_charpos >= it->end_charpos)
        it->overlay_strings_at_end_processed_p = true;
      /* Note: we reset overlay_strings_charpos only here, to make
         sure the just-processed overlays were indeed at EOB.
         Otherwise, overlays on text with invisible text property,
         which are processed with IT's position past the invisible
         text, might fool us into thinking the overlays at EOB were
         already processed (linum-mode can cause this, for
         example).  */
      it->overlay_strings_charpos = -1;
    }
  else
    {
      /* There are more overlay strings to process.  If
         IT->current.overlay_string_index has advanced to a position
         where we must load IT->overlay_strings with more strings, do
         it.  We must load at the IT->overlay_strings_charpos where
         IT->n_overlay_strings was originally computed; when invisible
         text is present, this might not be IT_CHARPOS (Bug#7016).  */
      int i = it->current.overlay_string_index % OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE;

      if (it->current.overlay_string_index && i == 0)
        load_overlay_strings (it, it->overlay_strings_charpos);

      /* Initialize IT to deliver display elements from the overlay
         string.  */
      it->string = it->overlay_strings[i];
      it->multibyte_p = STRING_MULTIBYTE (it->string);
      SET_TEXT_POS (it->current.string_pos, 0, 0);
      it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
      it->stop_charpos = 0;
      it->end_charpos = SCHARS (it->string);
      if (it->cmp_it.stop_pos >= 0)
        it->cmp_it.stop_pos = 0;
      it->prev_stop = 0;
      it->base_level_stop = 0;

      /* Set up the bidi iterator for this overlay string.  */
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          it->bidi_it.string.lstring = it->string;
          it->bidi_it.string.s = NULL;
          it->bidi_it.string.schars = SCHARS (it->string);
          it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = it->overlay_strings_charpos;
          it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = it->string_from_display_prop_p;
          it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = !it->multibyte_p;
          it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
          bidi_init_it (0, 0, FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f), &it->bidi_it);
        }
    }

  CHECK_IT (it);
}


/* Compare two overlay_entry structures E1 and E2.  Used as a
   comparison function for qsort in load_overlay_strings.  Overlay
   strings for the same position are sorted so that

   1. All after-strings come in front of before-strings, except
   when they come from the same overlay.

   2. Within after-strings, strings are sorted so that overlay strings
   from overlays with higher priorities come first.

   2. Within before-strings, strings are sorted so that overlay
   strings from overlays with higher priorities come last.

   Value is analogous to strcmp.  */


static int
compare_overlay_entries (const void *e1, const void *e2)
{
  struct overlay_entry const *entry1 = e1;
  struct overlay_entry const *entry2 = e2;
  int result;

  if (entry1->after_string_p != entry2->after_string_p)
    {
      /* Let after-strings appear in front of before-strings if
         they come from different overlays.  */
      if (EQ (entry1->overlay, entry2->overlay))
        result = entry1->after_string_p ? 1 : -1;
      else
        result = entry1->after_string_p ? -1 : 1;
    }
  else if (entry1->priority != entry2->priority)
    {
      if (entry1->after_string_p)
        /* After-strings sorted in order of decreasing priority.  */
        result = entry2->priority < entry1->priority ? -1 : 1;
      else
        /* Before-strings sorted in order of increasing priority.  */
        result = entry1->priority < entry2->priority ? -1 : 1;
    }
  else
    result = 0;

  return result;
}


/* Load the vector IT->overlay_strings with overlay strings from IT's
   current buffer position, or from CHARPOS if that is > 0.  Set
   IT->n_overlays to the total number of overlay strings found.

   Overlay strings are processed OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE strings at
   a time.  On entry into load_overlay_strings,
   IT->current.overlay_string_index gives the number of overlay
   strings that have already been loaded by previous calls to this
   function.

   IT->add_overlay_start contains an additional overlay start
   position to consider for taking overlay strings from, if non-zero.
   This position comes into play when the overlay has an `invisible'
   property, and both before and after-strings.  When we've skipped to
   the end of the overlay, because of its `invisible' property, we
   nevertheless want its before-string to appear.
   IT->add_overlay_start will contain the overlay start position
   in this case.

   Overlay strings are sorted so that after-string strings come in
   front of before-string strings.  Within before and after-strings,
   strings are sorted by overlay priority.  See also function
   compare_overlay_entries.  */

static void
load_overlay_strings (struct it *it, ptrdiff_t charpos)
{
  Lisp_Object overlay, window, str, invisible;
  struct Lisp_Overlay *ov;
  ptrdiff_t start, end;
  ptrdiff_t n = 0, i, j;
  int invis;
  struct overlay_entry entriesbuf[20];
  ptrdiff_t size = ARRAYELTS (entriesbuf);
  struct overlay_entry *entries = entriesbuf;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

  if (charpos <= 0)
    charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

  /* Append the overlay string STRING of overlay OVERLAY to vector
     `entries' which has size `size' and currently contains `n'
     elements.  AFTER_P means STRING is an after-string of
     OVERLAY.  */
#define RECORD_OVERLAY_STRING(OVERLAY, STRING, AFTER_P)                 \
  do                                                                    \
    {                                                                   \
      Lisp_Object priority;                                             \
                                                                        \
      if (n == size)                                                    \
        {                                                               \
          struct overlay_entry *old = entries;                          \
          SAFE_NALLOCA (entries, 2, size);                              \
          memcpy (entries, old, size * sizeof *entries);                \
          size *= 2;                                                    \
        }                                                               \
                                                                        \
      entries[n].string = (STRING);                                     \
      entries[n].overlay = (OVERLAY);                                   \
      priority = Foverlay_get ((OVERLAY), Qpriority);                   \
      entries[n].priority = INTEGERP (priority) ? XINT (priority) : 0;  \
      entries[n].after_string_p = (AFTER_P);                            \
      ++n;                                                              \
    }                                                                   \
  while (false)

  /* Process overlay before the overlay center.  */
  for (ov = current_buffer->overlays_before; ov; ov = ov->next)
    {
      XSETMISC (overlay, ov);
      eassert (OVERLAYP (overlay));
      start = OVERLAY_POSITION (OVERLAY_START (overlay));
      end = OVERLAY_POSITION (OVERLAY_END (overlay));

      if (end < charpos)
        break;

      /* Skip this overlay if it doesn't start or end at IT's current
         position.  */
      if (end != charpos && start != charpos)
        continue;

      /* Skip this overlay if it doesn't apply to IT->w.  */
      window = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qwindow);
      if (WINDOWP (window) && XWINDOW (window) != it->w)
        continue;

      /* If the text ``under'' the overlay is invisible, both before-
         and after-strings from this overlay are visible; start and
         end position are indistinguishable.  */
      invisible = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qinvisible);
      invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (invisible);

      /* If overlay has a non-empty before-string, record it.  */
      if ((start == charpos || (end == charpos && invis != 0))
          && (str = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qbefore_string), STRINGP (str))
          && SCHARS (str))
        RECORD_OVERLAY_STRING (overlay, str, false);

      /* If overlay has a non-empty after-string, record it.  */
      if ((end == charpos || (start == charpos && invis != 0))
          && (str = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qafter_string), STRINGP (str))
          && SCHARS (str))
        RECORD_OVERLAY_STRING (overlay, str, true);
    }

  /* Process overlays after the overlay center.  */
  for (ov = current_buffer->overlays_after; ov; ov = ov->next)
    {
      XSETMISC (overlay, ov);
      eassert (OVERLAYP (overlay));
      start = OVERLAY_POSITION (OVERLAY_START (overlay));
      end = OVERLAY_POSITION (OVERLAY_END (overlay));

      if (start > charpos)
        break;

      /* Skip this overlay if it doesn't start or end at IT's current
         position.  */
      if (end != charpos && start != charpos)
        continue;

      /* Skip this overlay if it doesn't apply to IT->w.  */
      window = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qwindow);
      if (WINDOWP (window) && XWINDOW (window) != it->w)
        continue;

      /* If the text ``under'' the overlay is invisible, it has a zero
         dimension, and both before- and after-strings apply.  */
      invisible = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qinvisible);
      invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (invisible);

      /* If overlay has a non-empty before-string, record it.  */
      if ((start == charpos || (end == charpos && invis != 0))
          && (str = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qbefore_string), STRINGP (str))
          && SCHARS (str))
        RECORD_OVERLAY_STRING (overlay, str, false);

      /* If overlay has a non-empty after-string, record it.  */
      if ((end == charpos || (start == charpos && invis != 0))
          && (str = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qafter_string), STRINGP (str))
          && SCHARS (str))
        RECORD_OVERLAY_STRING (overlay, str, true);
    }

#undef RECORD_OVERLAY_STRING

  /* Sort entries.  */
  if (n > 1)
    qsort (entries, n, sizeof *entries, compare_overlay_entries);

  /* Record number of overlay strings, and where we computed it.  */
  it->n_overlay_strings = n;
  it->overlay_strings_charpos = charpos;

  /* IT->current.overlay_string_index is the number of overlay strings
     that have already been consumed by IT.  Copy some of the
     remaining overlay strings to IT->overlay_strings.  */
  i = 0;
  j = it->current.overlay_string_index;
  while (i < OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE && j < n)
    {
      it->overlay_strings[i] = entries[j].string;
      it->string_overlays[i++] = entries[j++].overlay;
    }

  CHECK_IT (it);
  SAFE_FREE ();
}


/* Get the first chunk of overlay strings at IT's current buffer
   position, or at CHARPOS if that is > 0.  Value is true if at
   least one overlay string was found.  */

static bool
get_overlay_strings_1 (struct it *it, ptrdiff_t charpos, bool compute_stop_p)
{
  /* Get the first OVERLAY_STRING_CHUNK_SIZE overlay strings to
     process.  This fills IT->overlay_strings with strings, and sets
     IT->n_overlay_strings to the total number of strings to process.
     IT->pos.overlay_string_index has to be set temporarily to zero
     because load_overlay_strings needs this; it must be set to -1
     when no overlay strings are found because a zero value would
     indicate a position in the first overlay string.  */
  it->current.overlay_string_index = 0;
  load_overlay_strings (it, charpos);

  /* If we found overlay strings, set up IT to deliver display
     elements from the first one.  Otherwise set up IT to deliver
     from current_buffer.  */
  if (it->n_overlay_strings)
    {
      /* Make sure we know settings in current_buffer, so that we can
         restore meaningful values when we're done with the overlay
         strings.  */
      if (compute_stop_p)
        compute_stop_pos (it);
      eassert (it->face_id >= 0);

      /* Save IT's settings.  They are restored after all overlay
         strings have been processed.  */
      eassert (!compute_stop_p || it->sp == 0);

      /* When called from handle_stop, there might be an empty display
         string loaded.  In that case, don't bother saving it.  But
         don't use this optimization with the bidi iterator, since we
         need the corresponding pop_it call to resync the bidi
         iterator's position with IT's position, after we are done
         with the overlay strings.  (The corresponding call to pop_it
         in case of an empty display string is in
         next_overlay_string.)  */
      if (!(!it->bidi_p
            && STRINGP (it->string) && !SCHARS (it->string)))
        push_it (it, NULL);

      /* Set up IT to deliver display elements from the first overlay
         string.  */
      IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = 0;
      it->string = it->overlay_strings[0];
      it->from_overlay = Qnil;
      it->stop_charpos = 0;
      eassert (STRINGP (it->string));
      it->end_charpos = SCHARS (it->string);
      it->prev_stop = 0;
      it->base_level_stop = 0;
      it->multibyte_p = STRING_MULTIBYTE (it->string);
      it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
      it->from_disp_prop_p = 0;
      it->cmp_it.id = -1;

      /* Force paragraph direction to be that of the parent
         buffer.  */
      if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
        it->paragraph_embedding = it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir;
      else
        it->paragraph_embedding = L2R;

      /* Set up the bidi iterator for this overlay string.  */
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          ptrdiff_t pos = (charpos > 0 ? charpos : IT_CHARPOS (*it));

          it->bidi_it.string.lstring = it->string;
          it->bidi_it.string.s = NULL;
          it->bidi_it.string.schars = SCHARS (it->string);
          it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = pos;
          it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = it->string_from_display_prop_p;
          it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = !it->multibyte_p;
          it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
          bidi_init_it (0, 0, FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f), &it->bidi_it);
        }
      return true;
    }

  it->current.overlay_string_index = -1;
  return false;
}

static bool
get_overlay_strings (struct it *it, ptrdiff_t charpos)
{
  it->string = Qnil;
  it->method = GET_FROM_BUFFER;

  get_overlay_strings_1 (it, charpos, true);

  CHECK_IT (it);

  /* Value is true if we found at least one overlay string.  */
  return STRINGP (it->string);
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                      Saving and restoring state
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Save current settings of IT on IT->stack.  Called, for example,
   before setting up IT for an overlay string, to be able to restore
   IT's settings to what they were after the overlay string has been
   processed.  If POSITION is non-NULL, it is the position to save on
   the stack instead of IT->position.  */

static void
push_it (struct it *it, struct text_pos *position)
{
  struct iterator_stack_entry *p;

  eassert (it->sp < IT_STACK_SIZE);
  p = it->stack + it->sp;

  p->stop_charpos = it->stop_charpos;
  p->prev_stop = it->prev_stop;
  p->base_level_stop = it->base_level_stop;
  p->cmp_it = it->cmp_it;
  eassert (it->face_id >= 0);
  p->face_id = it->face_id;
  p->string = it->string;
  p->method = it->method;
  p->from_overlay = it->from_overlay;
  switch (p->method)
    {
    case GET_FROM_IMAGE:
      p->u.image.object = it->object;
      p->u.image.image_id = it->image_id;
      p->u.image.slice = it->slice;
      break;
    case GET_FROM_STRETCH:
      p->u.stretch.object = it->object;
      break;
    case GET_FROM_XWIDGET:
      p->u.xwidget.object = it->object;
      break;
    case GET_FROM_BUFFER:
    case GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR:
    case GET_FROM_STRING:
    case GET_FROM_C_STRING:
      break;
    default:
      emacs_abort ();
    }
  p->position = position ? *position : it->position;
  p->current = it->current;
  p->end_charpos = it->end_charpos;
  p->string_nchars = it->string_nchars;
  p->area = it->area;
  p->multibyte_p = it->multibyte_p;
  p->avoid_cursor_p = it->avoid_cursor_p;
  p->space_width = it->space_width;
  p->font_height = it->font_height;
  p->voffset = it->voffset;
  p->string_from_display_prop_p = it->string_from_display_prop_p;
  p->string_from_prefix_prop_p = it->string_from_prefix_prop_p;
  p->display_ellipsis_p = false;
  p->line_wrap = it->line_wrap;
  p->bidi_p = it->bidi_p;
  p->paragraph_embedding = it->paragraph_embedding;
  p->from_disp_prop_p = it->from_disp_prop_p;
  ++it->sp;

  /* Save the state of the bidi iterator as well. */
  if (it->bidi_p)
    bidi_push_it (&it->bidi_it);
}

static void
iterate_out_of_display_property (struct it *it)
{
  bool buffer_p = !STRINGP (it->string);
  ptrdiff_t eob = (buffer_p ? ZV : it->end_charpos);
  ptrdiff_t bob = (buffer_p ? BEGV : 0);

  eassert (eob >= CHARPOS (it->position) && CHARPOS (it->position) >= bob);

  /* Maybe initialize paragraph direction.  If we are at the beginning
     of a new paragraph, next_element_from_buffer may not have a
     chance to do that.  */
  if (it->bidi_it.first_elt && it->bidi_it.charpos < eob)
    bidi_paragraph_init (it->paragraph_embedding, &it->bidi_it, true);
  /* prev_stop can be zero, so check against BEGV as well.  */
  while (it->bidi_it.charpos >= bob
         && it->prev_stop <= it->bidi_it.charpos
         && it->bidi_it.charpos < CHARPOS (it->position)
         && it->bidi_it.charpos < eob)
    bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
  /* Record the stop_pos we just crossed, for when we cross it
     back, maybe.  */
  if (it->bidi_it.charpos > CHARPOS (it->position))
    it->prev_stop = CHARPOS (it->position);
  /* If we ended up not where pop_it put us, resync IT's
     positional members with the bidi iterator. */
  if (it->bidi_it.charpos != CHARPOS (it->position))
    SET_TEXT_POS (it->position, it->bidi_it.charpos, it->bidi_it.bytepos);
  if (buffer_p)
    it->current.pos = it->position;
  else
    it->current.string_pos = it->position;
}

/* Restore IT's settings from IT->stack.  Called, for example, when no
   more overlay strings must be processed, and we return to delivering
   display elements from a buffer, or when the end of a string from a
   `display' property is reached and we return to delivering display
   elements from an overlay string, or from a buffer.  */

static void
pop_it (struct it *it)
{
  struct iterator_stack_entry *p;
  bool from_display_prop = it->from_disp_prop_p;
  ptrdiff_t prev_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

  eassert (it->sp > 0);
  --it->sp;
  p = it->stack + it->sp;
  it->stop_charpos = p->stop_charpos;
  it->prev_stop = p->prev_stop;
  it->base_level_stop = p->base_level_stop;
  it->cmp_it = p->cmp_it;
  it->face_id = p->face_id;
  it->current = p->current;
  it->position = p->position;
  it->string = p->string;
  it->from_overlay = p->from_overlay;
  if (NILP (it->string))
    SET_TEXT_POS (it->current.string_pos, -1, -1);
  it->method = p->method;
  switch (it->method)
    {
    case GET_FROM_IMAGE:
      it->image_id = p->u.image.image_id;
      it->object = p->u.image.object;
      it->slice = p->u.image.slice;
      break;
    case GET_FROM_XWIDGET:
      it->object = p->u.xwidget.object;
      break;
    case GET_FROM_STRETCH:
      it->object = p->u.stretch.object;
      break;
    case GET_FROM_BUFFER:
      it->object = it->w->contents;
      break;
    case GET_FROM_STRING:
      {
        struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, it->face_id);

        /* Restore the face_box_p flag, since it could have been
           overwritten by the face of the object that we just finished
           displaying.  */
        if (face)
          it->face_box_p = face->box != FACE_NO_BOX;
        it->object = it->string;
      }
      break;
    case GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR:
      if (it->s)
        it->method = GET_FROM_C_STRING;
      else if (STRINGP (it->string))
        it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
      else
        {
          it->method = GET_FROM_BUFFER;
          it->object = it->w->contents;
        }
      break;
    case GET_FROM_C_STRING:
      break;
    default:
      emacs_abort ();
    }
  it->end_charpos = p->end_charpos;
  it->string_nchars = p->string_nchars;
  it->area = p->area;
  it->multibyte_p = p->multibyte_p;
  it->avoid_cursor_p = p->avoid_cursor_p;
  it->space_width = p->space_width;
  it->font_height = p->font_height;
  it->voffset = p->voffset;
  it->string_from_display_prop_p = p->string_from_display_prop_p;
  it->string_from_prefix_prop_p = p->string_from_prefix_prop_p;
  it->line_wrap = p->line_wrap;
  it->bidi_p = p->bidi_p;
  it->paragraph_embedding = p->paragraph_embedding;
  it->from_disp_prop_p = p->from_disp_prop_p;
  if (it->bidi_p)
    {
      bidi_pop_it (&it->bidi_it);
      /* Bidi-iterate until we get out of the portion of text, if any,
         covered by a `display' text property or by an overlay with
         `display' property.  (We cannot just jump there, because the
         internal coherency of the bidi iterator state can not be
         preserved across such jumps.)  We also must determine the
         paragraph base direction if the overlay we just processed is
         at the beginning of a new paragraph.  */
      if (from_display_prop
          && (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER || it->method == GET_FROM_STRING))
        iterate_out_of_display_property (it);

      eassert ((BUFFERP (it->object)
                && IT_CHARPOS (*it) == it->bidi_it.charpos
                && IT_BYTEPOS (*it) == it->bidi_it.bytepos)
               || (STRINGP (it->object)
                   && IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) == it->bidi_it.charpos
                   && IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) == it->bidi_it.bytepos)
               || (CONSP (it->object) && it->method == GET_FROM_STRETCH));
    }
  /* If we move the iterator over text covered by a display property
     to a new buffer position, any info about previously seen overlays
     is no longer valid.  */
  if (from_display_prop && it->sp == 0 && CHARPOS (it->position) != prev_pos)
    it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p = false;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                          Moving over lines
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Set IT's current position to the previous line start.  */

static void
back_to_previous_line_start (struct it *it)
{
  ptrdiff_t cp = IT_CHARPOS (*it), bp = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);

  DEC_BOTH (cp, bp);
  IT_CHARPOS (*it) = find_newline_no_quit (cp, bp, -1, &IT_BYTEPOS (*it));
}


/* Move IT to the next line start.

   Value is true if a newline was found.  Set *SKIPPED_P to true if
   we skipped over part of the text (as opposed to moving the iterator
   continuously over the text).  Otherwise, don't change the value
   of *SKIPPED_P.

   If BIDI_IT_PREV is non-NULL, store into it the state of the bidi
   iterator on the newline, if it was found.

   Newlines may come from buffer text, overlay strings, or strings
   displayed via the `display' property.  That's the reason we can't
   simply use find_newline_no_quit.

   Note that this function may not skip over invisible text that is so
   because of text properties and immediately follows a newline.  If
   it would, function reseat_at_next_visible_line_start, when called
   from set_iterator_to_next, would effectively make invisible
   characters following a newline part of the wrong glyph row, which
   leads to wrong cursor motion.  */

static bool
forward_to_next_line_start (struct it *it, bool *skipped_p,
                            struct bidi_it *bidi_it_prev)
{
  ptrdiff_t old_selective;
  bool newline_found_p = false;
  int n;
  const int MAX_NEWLINE_DISTANCE = 500;

  /* If already on a newline, just consume it to avoid unintended
     skipping over invisible text below.  */
  if (it->what == IT_CHARACTER
      && it->c == '\n'
      && CHARPOS (it->position) == IT_CHARPOS (*it))
    {
      if (it->bidi_p && bidi_it_prev)
        *bidi_it_prev = it->bidi_it;
      set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
      it->c = 0;
      return true;
    }

  /* Don't handle selective display in the following.  It's (a)
     unnecessary because it's done by the caller, and (b) leads to an
     infinite recursion because next_element_from_ellipsis indirectly
     calls this function.  */
  old_selective = it->selective;
  it->selective = 0;

  /* Scan for a newline within MAX_NEWLINE_DISTANCE display elements
     from buffer text.  */
  for (n = 0;
       !newline_found_p && n < MAX_NEWLINE_DISTANCE;
       n += !STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      if (!get_next_display_element (it))
        return false;
      newline_found_p = it->what == IT_CHARACTER && it->c == '\n';
      if (newline_found_p && it->bidi_p && bidi_it_prev)
        *bidi_it_prev = it->bidi_it;
      set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
    }

  /* If we didn't find a newline near enough, see if we can use a
     short-cut.  */
  if (!newline_found_p)
    {
      ptrdiff_t bytepos, start = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
      ptrdiff_t limit = find_newline_no_quit (start, IT_BYTEPOS (*it),
                                              1, &bytepos);
      Lisp_Object pos;

      eassert (!STRINGP (it->string));

      /* If there isn't any `display' property in sight, and no
         overlays, we can just use the position of the newline in
         buffer text.  */
      if (it->stop_charpos >= limit
          || ((pos = Fnext_single_property_change (make_number (start),
                                                   Qdisplay, Qnil,
                                                   make_number (limit)),
               NILP (pos))
              && next_overlay_change (start) == ZV))
        {
          if (!it->bidi_p)
            {
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) = limit;
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = bytepos;
            }
          else
            {
              struct bidi_it bprev;

              /* Help bidi.c avoid expensive searches for display
                 properties and overlays, by telling it that there are
                 none up to `limit'.  */
              if (it->bidi_it.disp_pos < limit)
                {
                  it->bidi_it.disp_pos = limit;
                  it->bidi_it.disp_prop = 0;
                }
              do {
                bprev = it->bidi_it;
                bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
              } while (it->bidi_it.charpos != limit);
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) = limit;
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
              if (bidi_it_prev)
                *bidi_it_prev = bprev;
            }
          *skipped_p = newline_found_p = true;
        }
      else
        {
          while (!newline_found_p)
            {
              if (!get_next_display_element (it))
                break;
              newline_found_p = ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it);
              if (newline_found_p && it->bidi_p && bidi_it_prev)
                *bidi_it_prev = it->bidi_it;
              set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
            }
        }
    }

  it->selective = old_selective;
  return newline_found_p;
}


/* Set IT's current position to the previous visible line start.  Skip
   invisible text that is so either due to text properties or due to
   selective display.  Caution: this does not change IT->current_x and
   IT->hpos.  */

static void
back_to_previous_visible_line_start (struct it *it)
{
  while (IT_CHARPOS (*it) > BEGV)
    {
      back_to_previous_line_start (it);

      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) <= BEGV)
        break;

      /* If selective > 0, then lines indented more than its value are
         invisible.  */
      if (it->selective > 0
          && indented_beyond_p (IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it),
                                it->selective))
        continue;

      /* Check the newline before point for invisibility.  */
      {
        Lisp_Object prop;
        prop = Fget_char_property (make_number (IT_CHARPOS (*it) - 1),
                                   Qinvisible, it->window);
        if (TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop) != 0)
          continue;
      }

      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) <= BEGV)
        break;

      {
        struct it it2;
        void *it2data = NULL;
        ptrdiff_t pos;
        ptrdiff_t beg, end;
        Lisp_Object val, overlay;

        SAVE_IT (it2, *it, it2data);

        /* If newline is part of a composition, continue from start of composition */
        if (find_composition (IT_CHARPOS (*it), -1, &beg, &end, &val, Qnil)
            && beg < IT_CHARPOS (*it))
          goto replaced;

        /* If newline is replaced by a display property, find start of overlay
           or interval and continue search from that point.  */
        pos = --IT_CHARPOS (it2);
        --IT_BYTEPOS (it2);
        it2.sp = 0;
        bidi_unshelve_cache (NULL, false);
        it2.string_from_display_prop_p = false;
        it2.from_disp_prop_p = false;
        if (handle_display_prop (&it2) == HANDLED_RETURN
            && !NILP (val = get_char_property_and_overlay
                      (make_number (pos), Qdisplay, Qnil, &overlay))
            && (OVERLAYP (overlay)
                ? (beg = OVERLAY_POSITION (OVERLAY_START (overlay)))
                : get_property_and_range (pos, Qdisplay, &val, &beg, &end, Qnil)))
          {
            RESTORE_IT (it, it, it2data);
            goto replaced;
          }

        /* Newline is not replaced by anything -- so we are done.  */
        RESTORE_IT (it, it, it2data);
        break;

      replaced:
        if (beg < BEGV)
          beg = BEGV;
        IT_CHARPOS (*it) = beg;
        IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = buf_charpos_to_bytepos (current_buffer, beg);
      }
    }

  it->continuation_lines_width = 0;

  eassert (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= BEGV);
  eassert (IT_CHARPOS (*it) == BEGV
           || FETCH_BYTE (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) - 1) == '\n');
  CHECK_IT (it);
}


/* Reseat iterator IT at the previous visible line start.  Skip
   invisible text that is so either due to text properties or due to
   selective display.  At the end, update IT's overlay information,
   face information etc.  */

void
reseat_at_previous_visible_line_start (struct it *it)
{
  back_to_previous_visible_line_start (it);
  reseat (it, it->current.pos, true);
  CHECK_IT (it);
}


/* Reseat iterator IT on the next visible line start in the current
   buffer.  ON_NEWLINE_P means position IT on the newline
   preceding the line start.  Skip over invisible text that is so
   because of selective display.  Compute faces, overlays etc at the
   new position.  Note that this function does not skip over text that
   is invisible because of text properties.  */

static void
reseat_at_next_visible_line_start (struct it *it, bool on_newline_p)
{
  bool skipped_p = false;
  struct bidi_it bidi_it_prev;
  bool newline_found_p
    = forward_to_next_line_start (it, &skipped_p, &bidi_it_prev);

  /* Skip over lines that are invisible because they are indented
     more than the value of IT->selective.  */
  if (it->selective > 0)
    while (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < ZV
           && indented_beyond_p (IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it),
                                 it->selective))
      {
        eassert (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) == BEGV
                 || FETCH_BYTE (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) - 1) == '\n');
        newline_found_p =
          forward_to_next_line_start (it, &skipped_p, &bidi_it_prev);
      }

  /* Position on the newline if that's what's requested.  */
  if (on_newline_p && newline_found_p)
    {
      if (STRINGP (it->string))
        {
          if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) > 0)
            {
              if (!it->bidi_p)
                {
                  --IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
                  --IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it);
                }
              else
                {
                  /* We need to restore the bidi iterator to the state
                     it had on the newline, and resync the IT's
                     position with that.  */
                  it->bidi_it = bidi_it_prev;
                  IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
                  IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
                }
            }
        }
      else if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) > BEGV)
        {
          if (!it->bidi_p)
            {
              --IT_CHARPOS (*it);
              --IT_BYTEPOS (*it);
            }
          else
            {
              /* We need to restore the bidi iterator to the state it
                 had on the newline and resync IT with that.  */
              it->bidi_it = bidi_it_prev;
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
            }
          reseat (it, it->current.pos, false);
        }
    }
  else if (skipped_p)
    reseat (it, it->current.pos, false);

  CHECK_IT (it);
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                   Changing an iterator's position
***********************************************************************/

/* Change IT's current position to POS in current_buffer.
   If FORCE_P, always check for text properties at the new position.
   Otherwise, text properties are only looked up if POS >=
   IT->check_charpos of a property.  */

static void
reseat (struct it *it, struct text_pos pos, bool force_p)
{
  ptrdiff_t original_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

  reseat_1 (it, pos, false);

  /* Determine where to check text properties.  Avoid doing it
     where possible because text property lookup is very expensive.  */
  if (force_p
      || CHARPOS (pos) > it->stop_charpos
      || CHARPOS (pos) < original_pos)
    {
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          /* For bidi iteration, we need to prime prev_stop and
             base_level_stop with our best estimations.  */
          /* Implementation note: Of course, POS is not necessarily a
             stop position, so assigning prev_pos to it is a lie; we
             should have called compute_stop_backwards.  However, if
             the current buffer does not include any R2L characters,
             that call would be a waste of cycles, because the
             iterator will never move back, and thus never cross this
             "fake" stop position.  So we delay that backward search
             until the time we really need it, in next_element_from_buffer.  */
          if (CHARPOS (pos) != it->prev_stop)
            it->prev_stop = CHARPOS (pos);
          if (CHARPOS (pos) < it->base_level_stop)
            it->base_level_stop = 0; /* meaning it's unknown */
          handle_stop (it);
        }
      else
        {
          handle_stop (it);
          it->prev_stop = it->base_level_stop = 0;
        }

    }

  CHECK_IT (it);
}


/* Change IT's buffer position to POS.  SET_STOP_P means set
   IT->stop_pos to POS, also.  */

static void
reseat_1 (struct it *it, struct text_pos pos, bool set_stop_p)
{
  /* Don't call this function when scanning a C string.  */
  eassert (it->s == NULL);

  /* POS must be a reasonable value.  */
  eassert (CHARPOS (pos) >= BEGV && CHARPOS (pos) <= ZV);

  it->current.pos = it->position = pos;
  it->end_charpos = ZV;
  it->dpvec = NULL;
  it->current.dpvec_index = -1;
  it->current.overlay_string_index = -1;
  IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = -1;
  IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = -1;
  it->string = Qnil;
  it->method = GET_FROM_BUFFER;
  it->object = it->w->contents;
  it->area = TEXT_AREA;
  it->multibyte_p = !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters));
  it->sp = 0;
  it->string_from_display_prop_p = false;
  it->string_from_prefix_prop_p = false;

  it->from_disp_prop_p = false;
  it->face_before_selective_p = false;
  if (it->bidi_p)
    {
      bidi_init_it (IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it), FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f),
                    &it->bidi_it);
      bidi_unshelve_cache (NULL, false);
      it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir = NEUTRAL_DIR;
      it->bidi_it.string.s = NULL;
      it->bidi_it.string.lstring = Qnil;
      it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = 0;
      it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = false;
      it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = false;
      it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
    }

  if (set_stop_p)
    {
      it->stop_charpos = CHARPOS (pos);
      it->base_level_stop = CHARPOS (pos);
    }
  /* This make the information stored in it->cmp_it invalidate.  */
  it->cmp_it.id = -1;
}


/* Set up IT for displaying a string, starting at CHARPOS in window W.
   If S is non-null, it is a C string to iterate over.  Otherwise,
   STRING gives a Lisp string to iterate over.

   If PRECISION > 0, don't return more then PRECISION number of
   characters from the string.

   If FIELD_WIDTH > 0, return padding spaces until FIELD_WIDTH
   characters have been returned.  FIELD_WIDTH < 0 means an infinite
   field width.

   MULTIBYTE = 0 means disable processing of multibyte characters,
   MULTIBYTE > 0 means enable it,
   MULTIBYTE < 0 means use IT->multibyte_p.

   IT must be initialized via a prior call to init_iterator before
   calling this function.  */

static void
reseat_to_string (struct it *it, const char *s, Lisp_Object string,
                  ptrdiff_t charpos, ptrdiff_t precision, int field_width,
                  int multibyte)
{
  /* No text property checks performed by default, but see below.  */
  it->stop_charpos = -1;

  /* Set iterator position and end position.  */
  memset (&it->current, 0, sizeof it->current);
  it->current.overlay_string_index = -1;
  it->current.dpvec_index = -1;
  eassert (charpos >= 0);

  /* If STRING is specified, use its multibyteness, otherwise use the
     setting of MULTIBYTE, if specified.  */
  if (multibyte >= 0)
    it->multibyte_p = multibyte > 0;

  /* Bidirectional reordering of strings is controlled by the default
     value of bidi-display-reordering.  Don't try to reorder while
     loading loadup.el, as the necessary character property tables are
     not yet available.  */
  it->bidi_p =
    !redisplay__inhibit_bidi
    && !NILP (BVAR (&buffer_defaults, bidi_display_reordering));

  if (s == NULL)
    {
      eassert (STRINGP (string));
      it->string = string;
      it->s = NULL;
      it->end_charpos = it->string_nchars = SCHARS (string);
      it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
      it->current.string_pos = string_pos (charpos, string);

      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          it->bidi_it.string.lstring = string;
          it->bidi_it.string.s = NULL;
          it->bidi_it.string.schars = it->end_charpos;
          it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = 0;
          it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = false;
          it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = !it->multibyte_p;
          it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
          bidi_init_it (charpos, IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it),
                        FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f), &it->bidi_it);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      it->s = (const unsigned char *) s;
      it->string = Qnil;

      /* Note that we use IT->current.pos, not it->current.string_pos,
         for displaying C strings.  */
      IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = -1;
      if (it->multibyte_p)
        {
          it->current.pos = c_string_pos (charpos, s, true);
          it->end_charpos = it->string_nchars = number_of_chars (s, true);
        }
      else
        {
          IT_CHARPOS (*it) = IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = charpos;
          it->end_charpos = it->string_nchars = strlen (s);
        }

      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          it->bidi_it.string.lstring = Qnil;
          it->bidi_it.string.s = (const unsigned char *) s;
          it->bidi_it.string.schars = it->end_charpos;
          it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = 0;
          it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = false;
          it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = !it->multibyte_p;
          it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
          bidi_init_it (charpos, IT_BYTEPOS (*it), FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f),
                        &it->bidi_it);
        }
      it->method = GET_FROM_C_STRING;
    }

  /* PRECISION > 0 means don't return more than PRECISION characters
     from the string.  */
  if (precision > 0 && it->end_charpos - charpos > precision)
    {
      it->end_charpos = it->string_nchars = charpos + precision;
      if (it->bidi_p)
        it->bidi_it.string.schars = it->end_charpos;
    }

  /* FIELD_WIDTH > 0 means pad with spaces until FIELD_WIDTH
     characters have been returned.  FIELD_WIDTH == 0 means don't pad,
     FIELD_WIDTH < 0 means infinite field width.  This is useful for
     padding with `-' at the end of a mode line.  */
  if (field_width < 0)
    field_width = DISP_INFINITY;
  /* Implementation note: We deliberately don't enlarge
     it->bidi_it.string.schars here to fit it->end_charpos, because
     the bidi iterator cannot produce characters out of thin air.  */
  if (field_width > it->end_charpos - charpos)
    it->end_charpos = charpos + field_width;

  /* Use the standard display table for displaying strings.  */
  if (DISP_TABLE_P (Vstandard_display_table))
    it->dp = XCHAR_TABLE (Vstandard_display_table);

  it->stop_charpos = charpos;
  it->prev_stop = charpos;
  it->base_level_stop = 0;
  if (it->bidi_p)
    {
      it->bidi_it.first_elt = true;
      it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir = NEUTRAL_DIR;
      it->bidi_it.disp_pos = -1;
    }
  if (s == NULL && it->multibyte_p)
    {
      ptrdiff_t endpos = SCHARS (it->string);
      if (endpos > it->end_charpos)
        endpos = it->end_charpos;
      composition_compute_stop_pos (&it->cmp_it, charpos, -1, endpos,
                                    it->string);
    }
  CHECK_IT (it);
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                              Iteration
***********************************************************************/

/* Map enum it_method value to corresponding next_element_from_* function.  */

typedef bool (*next_element_function) (struct it *);

static next_element_function const get_next_element[NUM_IT_METHODS] =
{
  next_element_from_buffer,
  next_element_from_display_vector,
  next_element_from_string,
  next_element_from_c_string,
  next_element_from_image,
  next_element_from_stretch,
  next_element_from_xwidget,
};

#define GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT(it) (*get_next_element[(it)->method]) (it)


/* Return true iff a character at CHARPOS (and BYTEPOS) is composed
   (possibly with the following characters).  */

#define CHAR_COMPOSED_P(IT,CHARPOS,BYTEPOS,END_CHARPOS)                 \
  ((IT)->cmp_it.id >= 0                                                 \
   || ((IT)->cmp_it.stop_pos == (CHARPOS)                               \
       && composition_reseat_it (&(IT)->cmp_it, CHARPOS, BYTEPOS,       \
                                 END_CHARPOS, (IT)->w,                  \
                                 FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL ((IT)->f,         \
                                                       (IT)->face_id),  \
                                 (IT)->string)))


/* Lookup the char-table Vglyphless_char_display for character C (-1
   if we want information for no-font case), and return the display
   method symbol.  By side-effect, update it->what and
   it->glyphless_method.  This function is called from
   get_next_display_element for each character element, and from
   x_produce_glyphs when no suitable font was found.  */

Lisp_Object
lookup_glyphless_char_display (int c, struct it *it)
{
  Lisp_Object glyphless_method = Qnil;

  if (CHAR_TABLE_P (Vglyphless_char_display)
      && CHAR_TABLE_EXTRA_SLOTS (XCHAR_TABLE (Vglyphless_char_display)) >= 1)
    {
      if (c >= 0)
        {
          glyphless_method = CHAR_TABLE_REF (Vglyphless_char_display, c);
      if (CONSP (glyphless_method))
        glyphless_method = FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
              ? XCAR (glyphless_method)
              : XCDR (glyphless_method);
        }
      else
        glyphless_method = XCHAR_TABLE (Vglyphless_char_display)->extras[0];
    }

 retry:
  if (NILP (glyphless_method))
    {
      if (c >= 0)
        /* The default is to display the character by a proper font.  */
        return Qnil;
      /* The default for the no-font case is to display an empty box.  */
      glyphless_method = Qempty_box;
    }
  if (EQ (glyphless_method, Qzero_width))
    {
      if (c >= 0)
        return glyphless_method;
      /* This method can't be used for the no-font case.  */
      glyphless_method = Qempty_box;
    }
  if (EQ (glyphless_method, Qthin_space))
    it->glyphless_method = GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_THIN_SPACE;
  else if (EQ (glyphless_method, Qempty_box))
    it->glyphless_method = GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_EMPTY_BOX;
  else if (EQ (glyphless_method, Qhex_code))
    it->glyphless_method = GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_HEX_CODE;
  else if (STRINGP (glyphless_method))
    it->glyphless_method = GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_ACRONYM;
  else
    {
      /* Invalid value.  We use the default method.  */
      glyphless_method = Qnil;
      goto retry;
    }
  it->what = IT_GLYPHLESS;
  return glyphless_method;
}

/* Merge escape glyph face and cache the result.  */

static struct frame *last_escape_glyph_frame = NULL;
static int last_escape_glyph_face_id = (1 << FACE_ID_BITS);
static int last_escape_glyph_merged_face_id = 0;

static int
merge_escape_glyph_face (struct it *it)
{
  int face_id;

  if (it->f == last_escape_glyph_frame
      && it->face_id == last_escape_glyph_face_id)
    face_id = last_escape_glyph_merged_face_id;
  else
    {
      /* Merge the `escape-glyph' face into the current face.  */
      face_id = merge_faces (it->f, Qescape_glyph, 0, it->face_id);
      last_escape_glyph_frame = it->f;
      last_escape_glyph_face_id = it->face_id;
      last_escape_glyph_merged_face_id = face_id;
    }
  return face_id;
}

/* Likewise for glyphless glyph face.  */

static struct frame *last_glyphless_glyph_frame = NULL;
static int last_glyphless_glyph_face_id = (1 << FACE_ID_BITS);
static int last_glyphless_glyph_merged_face_id = 0;

int
merge_glyphless_glyph_face (struct it *it)
{
  int face_id;

  if (it->f == last_glyphless_glyph_frame
      && it->face_id == last_glyphless_glyph_face_id)
    face_id = last_glyphless_glyph_merged_face_id;
  else
    {
      /* Merge the `glyphless-char' face into the current face.  */
      face_id = merge_faces (it->f, Qglyphless_char, 0, it->face_id);
      last_glyphless_glyph_frame = it->f;
      last_glyphless_glyph_face_id = it->face_id;
      last_glyphless_glyph_merged_face_id = face_id;
    }
  return face_id;
}

/* Forget the `escape-glyph' and `glyphless-char' faces.  This should
   be called before redisplaying windows, and when the frame's face
   cache is freed.  */
void
forget_escape_and_glyphless_faces (void)
{
  last_escape_glyph_frame = NULL;
  last_escape_glyph_face_id = (1 << FACE_ID_BITS);
  last_glyphless_glyph_frame = NULL;
  last_glyphless_glyph_face_id = (1 << FACE_ID_BITS);
}

/* Load IT's display element fields with information about the next
   display element from the current position of IT.  Value is false if
   end of buffer (or C string) is reached.  */

static bool
get_next_display_element (struct it *it)
{
  /* True means that we found a display element.  False means that
     we hit the end of what we iterate over.  Performance note: the
     function pointer `method' used here turns out to be faster than
     using a sequence of if-statements.  */
  bool success_p;

 get_next:
  success_p = GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);

  if (it->what == IT_CHARACTER)
    {
      /* UAX#9, L4: "A character is depicted by a mirrored glyph if
         and only if (a) the resolved directionality of that character
         is R..."  */
      /* FIXME: Do we need an exception for characters from display
         tables?  */
      if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.type == STRONG_R
          && !inhibit_bidi_mirroring)
        it->c = bidi_mirror_char (it->c);
      /* Map via display table or translate control characters.
         IT->c, IT->len etc. have been set to the next character by
         the function call above.  If we have a display table, and it
         contains an entry for IT->c, translate it.  Don't do this if
         IT->c itself comes from a display table, otherwise we could
         end up in an infinite recursion.  (An alternative could be to
         count the recursion depth of this function and signal an
         error when a certain maximum depth is reached.)  Is it worth
         it?  */
      if (success_p && it->dpvec == NULL)
        {
          Lisp_Object dv;
          struct charset *unibyte = CHARSET_FROM_ID (charset_unibyte);
          bool nonascii_space_p = false;
          bool nonascii_hyphen_p = false;
          int c = it->c;        /* This is the character to display.  */

          if (! it->multibyte_p && ! ASCII_CHAR_P (c))
            {
              eassert (SINGLE_BYTE_CHAR_P (c));
              if (unibyte_display_via_language_environment)
                {
                  c = DECODE_CHAR (unibyte, c);
                  if (c < 0)
                    c = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (it->c);
                }
              else
                c = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (it->c);
            }

          if (it->dp
              && (dv = DISP_CHAR_VECTOR (it->dp, c),
                  VECTORP (dv)))
            {
              struct Lisp_Vector *v = XVECTOR (dv);

              /* Return the first character from the display table
                 entry, if not empty.  If empty, don't display the
                 current character.  */
              if (v->header.size)
                {
                  it->dpvec_char_len = it->len;
                  it->dpvec = v->contents;
                  it->dpend = v->contents + v->header.size;
                  it->current.dpvec_index = 0;
                  it->dpvec_face_id = -1;
                  it->saved_face_id = it->face_id;
                  it->method = GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR;
                  it->ellipsis_p = false;
                }
              else
                {
                  set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
                }
              goto get_next;
            }

          if (! NILP (lookup_glyphless_char_display (c, it)))
            {
              if (it->what == IT_GLYPHLESS)
                goto done;
              /* Don't display this character.  */
              set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
              goto get_next;
            }

          /* If `nobreak-char-display' is non-nil, we display
             non-ASCII spaces and hyphens specially.  */
          if (! ASCII_CHAR_P (c) && ! NILP (Vnobreak_char_display))
            {
              if (c == NO_BREAK_SPACE)
                nonascii_space_p = true;
              else if (c == SOFT_HYPHEN || c == HYPHEN
                       || c == NON_BREAKING_HYPHEN)
                nonascii_hyphen_p = true;
            }

          /* Translate control characters into `\003' or `^C' form.
             Control characters coming from a display table entry are
             currently not translated because we use IT->dpvec to hold
             the translation.  This could easily be changed but I
             don't believe that it is worth doing.

             The characters handled by `nobreak-char-display' must be
             translated too.

             Non-printable characters and raw-byte characters are also
             translated to octal or hexadecimal form.  */
          if (((c < ' ' || c == 127) /* ASCII control chars.  */
               ? (it->area != TEXT_AREA
                  /* In mode line, treat \n, \t like other crl chars.  */
                  || (c != '\t'
                      && it->glyph_row
                      && (it->glyph_row->mode_line_p || it->avoid_cursor_p))
                  || (c != '\n' && c != '\t'))
               : (nonascii_space_p
                  || nonascii_hyphen_p
                  || CHAR_BYTE8_P (c)
                  || ! CHAR_PRINTABLE_P (c))))
            {
              /* C is a control character, non-ASCII space/hyphen,
                 raw-byte, or a non-printable character which must be
                 displayed either as '\003' or as `^C' where the '\\'
                 and '^' can be defined in the display table.  Fill
                 IT->ctl_chars with glyphs for what we have to
                 display.  Then, set IT->dpvec to these glyphs.  */
              Lisp_Object gc;
              int ctl_len;
              int face_id;
              int lface_id = 0;
              int escape_glyph;

              /* Handle control characters with ^.  */

              if (ASCII_CHAR_P (c) && it->ctl_arrow_p)
                {
                  int g;

                  g = '^';           /* default glyph for Control */
                  /* Set IT->ctl_chars[0] to the glyph for `^'.  */
                  if (it->dp
                      && (gc = DISP_CTRL_GLYPH (it->dp), GLYPH_CODE_P (gc)))
                    {
                      g = GLYPH_CODE_CHAR (gc);
                      lface_id = GLYPH_CODE_FACE (gc);
                    }

                  face_id = (lface_id
                             ? merge_faces (it->f, Qt, lface_id, it->face_id)
                             : merge_escape_glyph_face (it));

                  XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[0], g);
                  XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[1], c ^ 0100);
                  ctl_len = 2;
                  goto display_control;
                }

              /* Handle non-ascii space in the mode where it only gets
                 highlighting.  */

              if (nonascii_space_p && EQ (Vnobreak_char_display, Qt))
                {
                  /* Merge `nobreak-space' into the current face.  */
                  face_id = merge_faces (it->f, Qnobreak_space, 0,
                                         it->face_id);
                  XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[0], ' ');
                  ctl_len = 1;
                  goto display_control;
                }

              /* Handle non-ascii hyphens in the mode where it only
                 gets highlighting.  */

              if (nonascii_hyphen_p && EQ (Vnobreak_char_display, Qt))
                {
                  /* Merge `nobreak-space' into the current face.  */
                  face_id = merge_faces (it->f, Qnobreak_hyphen, 0,
                                         it->face_id);
                  XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[0], '-');
                  ctl_len = 1;
                  goto display_control;
                }

              /* Handle sequences that start with the "escape glyph".  */

              /* the default escape glyph is \.  */
              escape_glyph = '\\';

              if (it->dp
                  && (gc = DISP_ESCAPE_GLYPH (it->dp), GLYPH_CODE_P (gc)))
                {
                  escape_glyph = GLYPH_CODE_CHAR (gc);
                  lface_id = GLYPH_CODE_FACE (gc);
                }

              face_id = (lface_id
                         ? merge_faces (it->f, Qt, lface_id, it->face_id)
                         : merge_escape_glyph_face (it));

              /* Draw non-ASCII space/hyphen with escape glyph: */

              if (nonascii_space_p || nonascii_hyphen_p)
                {
                  XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[0], escape_glyph);
                  XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[1], nonascii_space_p ? ' ' : '-');
                  ctl_len = 2;
                  goto display_control;
                }

              {
                char str[10];
                int len, i;

                if (CHAR_BYTE8_P (c))
                  /* Display \200 or \x80 instead of \17777600.  */
                  c = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
                const char *format_string = display_raw_bytes_as_hex
                                            ? "x%02x"
                                            : "%03o";
                len = sprintf (str, format_string, c + 0u);

                XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[0], escape_glyph);
                for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
                  XSETINT (it->ctl_chars[i + 1], str[i]);
                ctl_len = len + 1;
              }

            display_control:
              /* Set up IT->dpvec and return first character from it.  */
              it->dpvec_char_len = it->len;
              it->dpvec = it->ctl_chars;
              it->dpend = it->dpvec + ctl_len;
              it->current.dpvec_index = 0;
              it->dpvec_face_id = face_id;
              it->saved_face_id = it->face_id;
              it->method = GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR;
              it->ellipsis_p = false;
              goto get_next;
            }
          it->char_to_display = c;
        }
      else if (success_p)
        {
          it->char_to_display = it->c;
        }
    }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* Adjust face id for a multibyte character.  There are no multibyte
     character in unibyte text.  */
  if ((it->what == IT_CHARACTER || it->what == IT_COMPOSITION)
      && it->multibyte_p
      && success_p
      && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);

      if (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION && it->cmp_it.ch >= 0)
        {
          /* Automatic composition with glyph-string.   */
          Lisp_Object gstring = composition_gstring_from_id (it->cmp_it.id);

          it->face_id = face_for_font (it->f, LGSTRING_FONT (gstring), face);
        }
      else
        {
          ptrdiff_t pos = (it->s ? -1
                     : STRINGP (it->string) ? IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it)
                     : IT_CHARPOS (*it));
          int c;

          if (it->what == IT_CHARACTER)
            c = it->char_to_display;
          else
            {
              struct composition *cmp = composition_table[it->cmp_it.id];
              int i;

              c = ' ';
              for (i = 0; i < cmp->glyph_len; i++)
                /* TAB in a composition means display glyphs with
                   padding space on the left or right.  */
                if ((c = COMPOSITION_GLYPH (cmp, i)) != '\t')
                  break;
            }
          it->face_id = FACE_FOR_CHAR (it->f, face, c, pos, it->string);
        }
    }
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

 done:
  /* Is this character the last one of a run of characters with
     box?  If yes, set IT->end_of_box_run_p to true.  */
  if (it->face_box_p
      && it->s == NULL)
    {
      if (it->method == GET_FROM_STRING && it->sp)
        {
          int face_id = underlying_face_id (it);
          struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, face_id);

          if (face)
            {
              if (face->box == FACE_NO_BOX)
                {
                  /* If the box comes from face properties in a
                     display string, check faces in that string.  */
                  int string_face_id = face_after_it_pos (it);
                  it->end_of_box_run_p
                    = (FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, string_face_id)->box
                       == FACE_NO_BOX);
                }
              /* Otherwise, the box comes from the underlying face.
                 If this is the last string character displayed, check
                 the next buffer location.  */
              else if ((IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= SCHARS (it->string) - 1)
                       /* n_overlay_strings is unreliable unless
                          overlay_string_index is non-negative.  */
                       && ((it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0
                            && (it->current.overlay_string_index
                                == it->n_overlay_strings - 1))
                           /* A string from display property.  */
                           || it->from_disp_prop_p))
                {
                  ptrdiff_t ignore;
                  int next_face_id;
                  bool text_from_string = false;
                  /* Normally, the next buffer location is stored in
                     IT->current.pos...  */
                  struct text_pos pos = it->current.pos;

                  /* ...but for a string from a display property, the
                     next buffer position is stored in the 'position'
                     member of the iteration stack slot below the
                     current one, see handle_single_display_spec.  By
                     contrast, it->current.pos was not yet updated to
                     point to that buffer position; that will happen
                     in pop_it, after we finish displaying the current
                     string.  Note that we already checked above that
                     it->sp is positive, so subtracting one from it is
                     safe.  */
                  if (it->from_disp_prop_p)
                    {
                      int stackp = it->sp - 1;

                      /* Find the stack level with data from buffer.  */
                      while (stackp >= 0
                             && STRINGP ((it->stack + stackp)->string))
                        stackp--;
                      if (stackp < 0)
                        {
                          /* If no stack slot was found for iterating
                             a buffer, we are displaying text from a
                             string, most probably the mode line or
                             the header line, and that string has a
                             display string on some of its
                             characters.  */
                          text_from_string = true;
                          pos = it->stack[it->sp - 1].position;
                        }
                      else
                        pos = (it->stack + stackp)->position;
                    }
                  else
                    INC_TEXT_POS (pos, it->multibyte_p);

                  if (text_from_string)
                    {
                      Lisp_Object base_string = it->stack[it->sp - 1].string;

                      if (CHARPOS (pos) >= SCHARS (base_string) - 1)
                        it->end_of_box_run_p = true;
                      else
                        {
                          next_face_id
                            = face_at_string_position (it->w, base_string,
                                                       CHARPOS (pos), 0,
                                                       &ignore, face_id, false);
                          it->end_of_box_run_p
                            = (FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, next_face_id)->box
                               == FACE_NO_BOX);
                        }
                    }
                  else if (CHARPOS (pos) >= ZV)
                    it->end_of_box_run_p = true;
                  else
                    {
                      next_face_id =
                        face_at_buffer_position (it->w, CHARPOS (pos), &ignore,
                                                 CHARPOS (pos)
                                                 + TEXT_PROP_DISTANCE_LIMIT,
                                                 false, -1);
                      it->end_of_box_run_p
                        = (FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, next_face_id)->box
                           == FACE_NO_BOX);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      /* next_element_from_display_vector sets this flag according to
         faces of the display vector glyphs, see there.  */
      else if (it->method != GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR)
        {
          int face_id = face_after_it_pos (it);
          it->end_of_box_run_p
            = (face_id != it->face_id
               && FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, face_id)->box == FACE_NO_BOX);
        }
    }
  /* If we reached the end of the object we've been iterating (e.g., a
     display string or an overlay string), and there's something on
     IT->stack, proceed with what's on the stack.  It doesn't make
     sense to return false if there's unprocessed stuff on the stack,
     because otherwise that stuff will never be displayed.  */
  if (!success_p && it->sp > 0)
    {
      set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
      success_p = get_next_display_element (it);
    }

  /* Value is false if end of buffer or string reached.  */
  return success_p;
}


/* Move IT to the next display element.

   RESEAT_P means if called on a newline in buffer text,
   skip to the next visible line start.

   Functions get_next_display_element and set_iterator_to_next are
   separate because I find this arrangement easier to handle than a
   get_next_display_element function that also increments IT's
   position.  The way it is we can first look at an iterator's current
   display element, decide whether it fits on a line, and if it does,
   increment the iterator position.  The other way around we probably
   would either need a flag indicating whether the iterator has to be
   incremented the next time, or we would have to implement a
   decrement position function which would not be easy to write.  */

void
set_iterator_to_next (struct it *it, bool reseat_p)
{
  /* Reset flags indicating start and end of a sequence of characters
     with box.  Reset them at the start of this function because
     moving the iterator to a new position might set them.  */
  it->start_of_box_run_p = it->end_of_box_run_p = false;

  switch (it->method)
    {
    case GET_FROM_BUFFER:
      /* The current display element of IT is a character from
         current_buffer.  Advance in the buffer, and maybe skip over
         invisible lines that are so because of selective display.  */
      if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it) && reseat_p)
        reseat_at_next_visible_line_start (it, false);
      else if (it->cmp_it.id >= 0)
        {
          /* We are currently getting glyphs from a composition.  */
          if (! it->bidi_p)
            {
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nchars;
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nbytes;
            }
          else
            {
              int i;

              /* Update IT's char/byte positions to point to the first
                 character of the next grapheme cluster, or to the
                 character visually after the current composition.  */
              for (i = 0; i < it->cmp_it.nchars; i++)
                bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
            }

          if ((! it->bidi_p || ! it->cmp_it.reversed_p)
              && it->cmp_it.to < it->cmp_it.nglyphs)
            {
              /* Composition created while scanning forward.  Proceed
                 to the next grapheme cluster.  */
              it->cmp_it.from = it->cmp_it.to;
            }
          else if ((it->bidi_p && it->cmp_it.reversed_p)
                   && it->cmp_it.from > 0)
            {
              /* Composition created while scanning backward.  Proceed
                 to the previous grapheme cluster.  */
              it->cmp_it.to = it->cmp_it.from;
            }
          else
            {
              /* No more grapheme clusters in this composition.
                 Find the next stop position.  */
              ptrdiff_t stop = it->end_charpos;

              if (it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0)
                /* Now we are scanning backward and don't know
                   where to stop.  */
                stop = -1;
              composition_compute_stop_pos (&it->cmp_it, IT_CHARPOS (*it),
                                            IT_BYTEPOS (*it), stop, Qnil);
            }
        }
      else
        {
          eassert (it->len != 0);

          if (!it->bidi_p)
            {
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) += it->len;
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) += 1;
            }
          else
            {
              int prev_scan_dir = it->bidi_it.scan_dir;
              /* If this is a new paragraph, determine its base
                 direction (a.k.a. its base embedding level).  */
              if (it->bidi_it.new_paragraph)
                bidi_paragraph_init (it->paragraph_embedding, &it->bidi_it,
                                     false);
              bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
              IT_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
              if (prev_scan_dir != it->bidi_it.scan_dir)
                {
                  /* As the scan direction was changed, we must
                     re-compute the stop position for composition.  */
                  ptrdiff_t stop = it->end_charpos;
                  if (it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0)
                    stop = -1;
                  composition_compute_stop_pos (&it->cmp_it, IT_CHARPOS (*it),
                                                IT_BYTEPOS (*it), stop, Qnil);
                }
            }
          eassert (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) == CHAR_TO_BYTE (IT_CHARPOS (*it)));
        }
      break;

    case GET_FROM_C_STRING:
      /* Current display element of IT is from a C string.  */
      if (!it->bidi_p
          /* If the string position is beyond string's end, it means
             next_element_from_c_string is padding the string with
             blanks, in which case we bypass the bidi iterator,
             because it cannot deal with such virtual characters.  */
          || IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->bidi_it.string.schars)
        {
          IT_BYTEPOS (*it) += it->len;
          IT_CHARPOS (*it) += 1;
        }
      else
        {
          bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
          IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
          IT_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
        }
      break;

    case GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR:
      /* Current display element of IT is from a display table entry.
         Advance in the display table definition.  Reset it to null if
         end reached, and continue with characters from buffers/
         strings.  */
      ++it->current.dpvec_index;

      /* Restore face of the iterator to what they were before the
         display vector entry (these entries may contain faces).  */
      it->face_id = it->saved_face_id;

      if (it->dpvec + it->current.dpvec_index >= it->dpend)
        {
          bool recheck_faces = it->ellipsis_p;

          if (it->s)
            it->method = GET_FROM_C_STRING;
          else if (STRINGP (it->string))
            it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
          else
            {
              it->method = GET_FROM_BUFFER;
              it->object = it->w->contents;
            }

          it->dpvec = NULL;
          it->current.dpvec_index = -1;

          /* Skip over characters which were displayed via IT->dpvec.  */
          if (it->dpvec_char_len < 0)
            reseat_at_next_visible_line_start (it, true);
          else if (it->dpvec_char_len > 0)
            {
              it->len = it->dpvec_char_len;
              set_iterator_to_next (it, reseat_p);
            }

          /* Maybe recheck faces after display vector.  */
          if (recheck_faces)
            {
              if (it->method == GET_FROM_STRING)
                it->stop_charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
              else
                it->stop_charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
            }
        }
      break;

    case GET_FROM_STRING:
      /* Current display element is a character from a Lisp string.  */
      eassert (it->s == NULL && STRINGP (it->string));
      /* Don't advance past string end.  These conditions are true
         when set_iterator_to_next is called at the end of
         get_next_display_element, in which case the Lisp string is
         already exhausted, and all we want is pop the iterator
         stack.  */
      if (it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0)
        {
          /* This is an overlay string, so there's no padding with
             spaces, and the number of characters in the string is
             where the string ends.  */
          if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= SCHARS (it->string))
            goto consider_string_end;
        }
      else
        {
          /* Not an overlay string.  There could be padding, so test
             against it->end_charpos.  */
          if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->end_charpos)
            goto consider_string_end;
        }
      if (it->cmp_it.id >= 0)
        {
          /* We are delivering display elements from a composition.
             Update the string position past the grapheme cluster
             we've just processed.  */
          if (! it->bidi_p)
            {
              IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nchars;
              IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nbytes;
            }
          else
            {
              int i;

              for (i = 0; i < it->cmp_it.nchars; i++)
                bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
              IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
              IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
            }

          /* Did we exhaust all the grapheme clusters of this
             composition?  */
          if ((! it->bidi_p || ! it->cmp_it.reversed_p)
              && (it->cmp_it.to < it->cmp_it.nglyphs))
            {
              /* Not all the grapheme clusters were processed yet;
                 advance to the next cluster.  */
              it->cmp_it.from = it->cmp_it.to;
            }
          else if ((it->bidi_p && it->cmp_it.reversed_p)
                   && it->cmp_it.from > 0)
            {
              /* Likewise: advance to the next cluster, but going in
                 the reverse direction.  */
              it->cmp_it.to = it->cmp_it.from;
            }
          else
            {
              /* This composition was fully processed; find the next
                 candidate place for checking for composed
                 characters.  */
              /* Always limit string searches to the string length;
                 any padding spaces are not part of the string, and
                 there cannot be any compositions in that padding.  */
              ptrdiff_t stop = SCHARS (it->string);

              if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0)
                stop = -1;
              else if (it->end_charpos < stop)
                {
                  /* Cf. PRECISION in reseat_to_string: we might be
                     limited in how many of the string characters we
                     need to deliver.  */
                  stop = it->end_charpos;
                }
              composition_compute_stop_pos (&it->cmp_it,
                                            IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it),
                                            IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it), stop,
                                            it->string);
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (!it->bidi_p
              /* If the string position is beyond string's end, it
                 means next_element_from_string is padding the string
                 with blanks, in which case we bypass the bidi
                 iterator, because it cannot deal with such virtual
                 characters.  */
              || IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->bidi_it.string.schars)
            {
              IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) += it->len;
              IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) += 1;
            }
          else
            {
              int prev_scan_dir = it->bidi_it.scan_dir;

              bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
              IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
              IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
              /* If the scan direction changes, we may need to update
                 the place where to check for composed characters.  */
              if (prev_scan_dir != it->bidi_it.scan_dir)
                {
                  ptrdiff_t stop = SCHARS (it->string);

                  if (it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0)
                    stop = -1;
                  else if (it->end_charpos < stop)
                    stop = it->end_charpos;

                  composition_compute_stop_pos (&it->cmp_it,
                                                IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it),
                                                IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it), stop,
                                                it->string);
                }
            }
        }

    consider_string_end:

      if (it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0)
        {
          /* IT->string is an overlay string.  Advance to the
             next, if there is one.  */
          if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= SCHARS (it->string))
            {
              it->ellipsis_p = false;
              next_overlay_string (it);
              if (it->ellipsis_p)
                setup_for_ellipsis (it, 0);
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* IT->string is not an overlay string.  If we reached
             its end, and there is something on IT->stack, proceed
             with what is on the stack.  This can be either another
             string, this time an overlay string, or a buffer.  */
          if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) == SCHARS (it->string)
              && it->sp > 0)
            {
              pop_it (it);
              if (it->method == GET_FROM_STRING)
                goto consider_string_end;
            }
        }
      break;

    case GET_FROM_IMAGE:
    case GET_FROM_STRETCH:
    case GET_FROM_XWIDGET:

      /* The position etc with which we have to proceed are on
         the stack.  The position may be at the end of a string,
         if the `display' property takes up the whole string.  */
      eassert (it->sp > 0);
      pop_it (it);
      if (it->method == GET_FROM_STRING)
        goto consider_string_end;
      break;

    default:
      /* There are no other methods defined, so this should be a bug.  */
      emacs_abort ();
    }

  eassert (it->method != GET_FROM_STRING
           || (STRINGP (it->string)
               && IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= 0));
}

/* Load IT's display element fields with information about the next
   display element which comes from a display table entry or from the
   result of translating a control character to one of the forms `^C'
   or `\003'.

   IT->dpvec holds the glyphs to return as characters.
   IT->saved_face_id holds the face id before the display vector--it
   is restored into IT->face_id in set_iterator_to_next.  */

static bool
next_element_from_display_vector (struct it *it)
{
  Lisp_Object gc;
  int prev_face_id = it->face_id;
  int next_face_id;

  /* Precondition.  */
  eassert (it->dpvec && it->current.dpvec_index >= 0);

  it->face_id = it->saved_face_id;

  /* KFS: This code used to check ip->dpvec[0] instead of the current element.
     That seemed totally bogus - so I changed it...  */
  if (it->dpend - it->dpvec > 0 /* empty dpvec[] is invalid */
      && (gc = it->dpvec[it->current.dpvec_index], GLYPH_CODE_P (gc)))
    {
      struct face *this_face, *prev_face, *next_face;

      it->c = GLYPH_CODE_CHAR (gc);
      it->len = CHAR_BYTES (it->c);

      /* The entry may contain a face id to use.  Such a face id is
         the id of a Lisp face, not a realized face.  A face id of
         zero means no face is specified.  */
      if (it->dpvec_face_id >= 0)
        it->face_id = it->dpvec_face_id;
      else
        {
          int lface_id = GLYPH_CODE_FACE (gc);
          if (lface_id > 0)
            it->face_id = merge_faces (it->f, Qt, lface_id,
                                       it->saved_face_id);
        }

      /* Glyphs in the display vector could have the box face, so we
         need to set the related flags in the iterator, as
         appropriate.  */
      this_face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, it->face_id);
      prev_face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, prev_face_id);

      /* Is this character the first character of a box-face run?  */
      it->start_of_box_run_p = (this_face && this_face->box != FACE_NO_BOX
                                && (!prev_face
                                    || prev_face->box == FACE_NO_BOX));

      /* For the last character of the box-face run, we need to look
         either at the next glyph from the display vector, or at the
         face we saw before the display vector.  */
      next_face_id = it->saved_face_id;
      if (it->current.dpvec_index < it->dpend - it->dpvec - 1)
        {
          if (it->dpvec_face_id >= 0)
            next_face_id = it->dpvec_face_id;
          else
            {
              int lface_id =
                GLYPH_CODE_FACE (it->dpvec[it->current.dpvec_index + 1]);

              if (lface_id > 0)
                next_face_id = merge_faces (it->f, Qt, lface_id,
                                            it->saved_face_id);
            }
        }
      next_face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, next_face_id);
      it->end_of_box_run_p = (this_face && this_face->box != FACE_NO_BOX
                              && (!next_face
                                  || next_face->box == FACE_NO_BOX));
      it->face_box_p = this_face && this_face->box != FACE_NO_BOX;
    }
  else
    /* Display table entry is invalid.  Return a space.  */
    it->c = ' ', it->len = 1;

  /* Don't change position and object of the iterator here.  They are
     still the values of the character that had this display table
     entry or was translated, and that's what we want.  */
  it->what = IT_CHARACTER;
  return true;
}

/* Get the first element of string/buffer in the visual order, after
   being reseated to a new position in a string or a buffer.  */
static void
get_visually_first_element (struct it *it)
{
  bool string_p = STRINGP (it->string) || it->s;
  ptrdiff_t eob = (string_p ? it->bidi_it.string.schars : ZV);
  ptrdiff_t bob = (string_p ? 0 : BEGV);

  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      it->bidi_it.charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
      it->bidi_it.bytepos = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it);
    }
  else
    {
      it->bidi_it.charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
      it->bidi_it.bytepos = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);
    }

  if (it->bidi_it.charpos == eob)
    {
      /* Nothing to do, but reset the FIRST_ELT flag, like
         bidi_paragraph_init does, because we are not going to
         call it.  */
      it->bidi_it.first_elt = false;
    }
  else if (it->bidi_it.charpos == bob
           || (!string_p
               && (FETCH_CHAR (it->bidi_it.bytepos - 1) == '\n'
                   || FETCH_CHAR (it->bidi_it.bytepos) == '\n')))
    {
      /* If we are at the beginning of a line/string, we can produce
         the next element right away.  */
      bidi_paragraph_init (it->paragraph_embedding, &it->bidi_it, true);
      bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
    }
  else
    {
      ptrdiff_t orig_bytepos = it->bidi_it.bytepos;

      /* We need to prime the bidi iterator starting at the line's or
         string's beginning, before we will be able to produce the
         next element.  */
      if (string_p)
        it->bidi_it.charpos = it->bidi_it.bytepos = 0;
      else
        it->bidi_it.charpos = find_newline_no_quit (IT_CHARPOS (*it),
                                                    IT_BYTEPOS (*it), -1,
                                                    &it->bidi_it.bytepos);
      bidi_paragraph_init (it->paragraph_embedding, &it->bidi_it, true);
      do
        {
          /* Now return to buffer/string position where we were asked
             to get the next display element, and produce that.  */
          bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
        }
      while (it->bidi_it.bytepos != orig_bytepos
             && it->bidi_it.charpos < eob);
    }

  /*  Adjust IT's position information to where we ended up.  */
  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
      IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
    }
  else
    {
      IT_CHARPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.charpos;
      IT_BYTEPOS (*it) = it->bidi_it.bytepos;
    }

  if (STRINGP (it->string) || !it->s)
    {
      ptrdiff_t stop, charpos, bytepos;

      if (STRINGP (it->string))
        {
          eassert (!it->s);
          stop = SCHARS (it->string);
          if (stop > it->end_charpos)
            stop = it->end_charpos;
          charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
          bytepos = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it);
        }
      else
        {
          stop = it->end_charpos;
          charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
          bytepos = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);
        }
      if (it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0)
        stop = -1;
      composition_compute_stop_pos (&it->cmp_it, charpos, bytepos, stop,
                                    it->string);
    }
}

/* Load IT with the next display element from Lisp string IT->string.
   IT->current.string_pos is the current position within the string.
   If IT->current.overlay_string_index >= 0, the Lisp string is an
   overlay string.  */

static bool
next_element_from_string (struct it *it)
{
  struct text_pos position;

  eassert (STRINGP (it->string));
  eassert (!it->bidi_p || EQ (it->string, it->bidi_it.string.lstring));
  eassert (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= 0);
  position = it->current.string_pos;

  /* With bidi reordering, the character to display might not be the
     character at IT_STRING_CHARPOS.  BIDI_IT.FIRST_ELT means
     that we were reseat()ed to a new string, whose paragraph
     direction is not known.  */
  if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.first_elt)
    {
      get_visually_first_element (it);
      SET_TEXT_POS (position, IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it), IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it));
    }

  /* Time to check for invisible text?  */
  if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) < it->end_charpos)
    {
      if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->stop_charpos)
        {
          if (!(!it->bidi_p
                || BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it)
                || IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) == it->stop_charpos))
            {
              /* With bidi non-linear iteration, we could find
                 ourselves far beyond the last computed stop_charpos,
                 with several other stop positions in between that we
                 missed.  Scan them all now, in buffer's logical
                 order, until we find and handle the last stop_charpos
                 that precedes our current position.  */
              handle_stop_backwards (it, it->stop_charpos);
              return GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
            }
          else
            {
              if (it->bidi_p)
                {
                  /* Take note of the stop position we just moved
                     across, for when we will move back across it.  */
                  it->prev_stop = it->stop_charpos;
                  /* If we are at base paragraph embedding level, take
                     note of the last stop position seen at this
                     level.  */
                  if (BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it))
                    it->base_level_stop = it->stop_charpos;
                }
              handle_stop (it);

              /* Since a handler may have changed IT->method, we must
                 recurse here.  */
              return GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
            }
        }
      else if (it->bidi_p
               /* If we are before prev_stop, we may have overstepped
                  on our way backwards a stop_pos, and if so, we need
                  to handle that stop_pos.  */
               && IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) < it->prev_stop
               /* We can sometimes back up for reasons that have nothing
                  to do with bidi reordering.  E.g., compositions.  The
                  code below is only needed when we are above the base
                  embedding level, so test for that explicitly.  */
               && !BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it))
        {
          /* If we lost track of base_level_stop, we have no better
             place for handle_stop_backwards to start from than string
             beginning.  This happens, e.g., when we were reseated to
             the previous screenful of text by vertical-motion.  */
          if (it->base_level_stop <= 0
              || IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) < it->base_level_stop)
            it->base_level_stop = 0;
          handle_stop_backwards (it, it->base_level_stop);
          return GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
        }
    }

  if (it->current.overlay_string_index >= 0)
    {
      /* Get the next character from an overlay string.  In overlay
         strings, there is no field width or padding with spaces to
         do.  */
      if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= SCHARS (it->string))
        {
          it->what = IT_EOB;
          return false;
        }
      else if (CHAR_COMPOSED_P (it, IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it),
                                IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it),
                                it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0
                                ? -1
                                : SCHARS (it->string))
               && next_element_from_composition (it))
        {
          return true;
        }
      else if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (it->string))
        {
          const unsigned char *s = (SDATA (it->string)
                                    + IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it));
          it->c = string_char_and_length (s, &it->len);
        }
      else
        {
          it->c = SREF (it->string, IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it));
          it->len = 1;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      /* Get the next character from a Lisp string that is not an
         overlay string.  Such strings come from the mode line, for
         example.  We may have to pad with spaces, or truncate the
         string.  See also next_element_from_c_string.  */
      if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->end_charpos)
        {
          it->what = IT_EOB;
          return false;
        }
      else if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->string_nchars)
        {
          /* Pad with spaces.  */
          it->c = ' ', it->len = 1;
          CHARPOS (position) = BYTEPOS (position) = -1;
        }
      else if (CHAR_COMPOSED_P (it, IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it),
                                IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it),
                                it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0
                                ? -1
                                : it->string_nchars)
               && next_element_from_composition (it))
        {
          return true;
        }
      else if (STRING_MULTIBYTE (it->string))
        {
          const unsigned char *s = (SDATA (it->string)
                                    + IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it));
          it->c = string_char_and_length (s, &it->len);
        }
      else
        {
          it->c = SREF (it->string, IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it));
          it->len = 1;
        }
    }

  /* Record what we have and where it came from.  */
  it->what = IT_CHARACTER;
  it->object = it->string;
  it->position = position;
  return true;
}


/* Load IT with next display element from C string IT->s.
   IT->string_nchars is the maximum number of characters to return
   from the string.  IT->end_charpos may be greater than
   IT->string_nchars when this function is called, in which case we
   may have to return padding spaces.  Value is false if end of string
   reached, including padding spaces.  */

static bool
next_element_from_c_string (struct it *it)
{
  bool success_p = true;

  eassert (it->s);
  eassert (!it->bidi_p || it->s == it->bidi_it.string.s);
  it->what = IT_CHARACTER;
  BYTEPOS (it->position) = CHARPOS (it->position) = 0;
  it->object = make_number (0);

  /* With bidi reordering, the character to display might not be the
     character at IT_CHARPOS.  BIDI_IT.FIRST_ELT means that
     we were reseated to a new string, whose paragraph direction is
     not known.  */
  if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.first_elt)
    get_visually_first_element (it);

  /* IT's position can be greater than IT->string_nchars in case a
     field width or precision has been specified when the iterator was
     initialized.  */
  if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->end_charpos)
    {
      /* End of the game.  */
      it->what = IT_EOB;
      success_p = false;
    }
  else if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->string_nchars)
    {
      /* Pad with spaces.  */
      it->c = ' ', it->len = 1;
      BYTEPOS (it->position) = CHARPOS (it->position) = -1;
    }
  else if (it->multibyte_p)
    it->c = string_char_and_length (it->s + IT_BYTEPOS (*it), &it->len);
  else
    it->c = it->s[IT_BYTEPOS (*it)], it->len = 1;

  return success_p;
}


/* Set up IT to return characters from an ellipsis, if appropriate.
   The definition of the ellipsis glyphs may come from a display table
   entry.  This function fills IT with the first glyph from the
   ellipsis if an ellipsis is to be displayed.  */

static bool
next_element_from_ellipsis (struct it *it)
{
  if (it->selective_display_ellipsis_p)
    setup_for_ellipsis (it, it->len);
  else
    {
      /* The face at the current position may be different from the
         face we find after the invisible text.  Remember what it
         was in IT->saved_face_id, and signal that it's there by
         setting face_before_selective_p.  */
      it->saved_face_id = it->face_id;
      it->method = GET_FROM_BUFFER;
      it->object = it->w->contents;
      reseat_at_next_visible_line_start (it, true);
      it->face_before_selective_p = true;
    }

  return GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
}


/* Deliver an image display element.  The iterator IT is already
   filled with image information (done in handle_display_prop).  Value
   is always true.  */


static bool
next_element_from_image (struct it *it)
{
  it->what = IT_IMAGE;
  return true;
}

static bool
next_element_from_xwidget (struct it *it)
{
  it->what = IT_XWIDGET;
  return true;
}


/* Fill iterator IT with next display element from a stretch glyph
   property.  IT->object is the value of the text property.  Value is
   always true.  */

static bool
next_element_from_stretch (struct it *it)
{
  it->what = IT_STRETCH;
  return true;
}

/* Scan backwards from IT's current position until we find a stop
   position, or until BEGV.  This is called when we find ourself
   before both the last known prev_stop and base_level_stop while
   reordering bidirectional text.  */

static void
compute_stop_pos_backwards (struct it *it)
{
  const int SCAN_BACK_LIMIT = 1000;
  struct text_pos pos;
  struct display_pos save_current = it->current;
  struct text_pos save_position = it->position;
  ptrdiff_t charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
  ptrdiff_t where_we_are = charpos;
  ptrdiff_t save_stop_pos = it->stop_charpos;
  ptrdiff_t save_end_pos = it->end_charpos;

  eassert (NILP (it->string) && !it->s);
  eassert (it->bidi_p);
  it->bidi_p = false;
  do
    {
      it->end_charpos = min (charpos + 1, ZV);
      charpos = max (charpos - SCAN_BACK_LIMIT, BEGV);
      SET_TEXT_POS (pos, charpos, CHAR_TO_BYTE (charpos));
      reseat_1 (it, pos, false);
      compute_stop_pos (it);
      /* We must advance forward, right?  */
      if (it->stop_charpos <= charpos)
        emacs_abort ();
    }
  while (charpos > BEGV && it->stop_charpos >= it->end_charpos);

  if (it->stop_charpos <= where_we_are)
    it->prev_stop = it->stop_charpos;
  else
    it->prev_stop = BEGV;
  it->bidi_p = true;
  it->current = save_current;
  it->position = save_position;
  it->stop_charpos = save_stop_pos;
  it->end_charpos = save_end_pos;
}

/* Scan forward from CHARPOS in the current buffer/string, until we
   find a stop position > current IT's position.  Then handle the stop
   position before that.  This is called when we bump into a stop
   position while reordering bidirectional text.  CHARPOS should be
   the last previously processed stop_pos (or BEGV/0, if none were
   processed yet) whose position is less that IT's current
   position.  */

static void
handle_stop_backwards (struct it *it, ptrdiff_t charpos)
{
  bool bufp = !STRINGP (it->string);
  ptrdiff_t where_we_are = (bufp ? IT_CHARPOS (*it) : IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it));
  struct display_pos save_current = it->current;
  struct text_pos save_position = it->position;
  struct text_pos pos1;
  ptrdiff_t next_stop;

  /* Scan in strict logical order.  */
  eassert (it->bidi_p);
  it->bidi_p = false;
  do
    {
      it->prev_stop = charpos;
      if (bufp)
        {
          SET_TEXT_POS (pos1, charpos, CHAR_TO_BYTE (charpos));
          reseat_1 (it, pos1, false);
        }
      else
        it->current.string_pos = string_pos (charpos, it->string);
      compute_stop_pos (it);
      /* We must advance forward, right?  */
      if (it->stop_charpos <= it->prev_stop)
        emacs_abort ();
      charpos = it->stop_charpos;
    }
  while (charpos <= where_we_are);

  it->bidi_p = true;
  it->current = save_current;
  it->position = save_position;
  next_stop = it->stop_charpos;
  it->stop_charpos = it->prev_stop;
  handle_stop (it);
  it->stop_charpos = next_stop;
}

/* Load IT with the next display element from current_buffer.  Value
   is false if end of buffer reached.  IT->stop_charpos is the next
   position at which to stop and check for text properties or buffer
   end.  */

static bool
next_element_from_buffer (struct it *it)
{
  bool success_p = true;

  eassert (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= BEGV);
  eassert (NILP (it->string) && !it->s);
  eassert (!it->bidi_p
           || (EQ (it->bidi_it.string.lstring, Qnil)
               && it->bidi_it.string.s == NULL));

  /* With bidi reordering, the character to display might not be the
     character at IT_CHARPOS.  BIDI_IT.FIRST_ELT means that
     we were reseat()ed to a new buffer position, which is potentially
     a different paragraph.  */
  if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.first_elt)
    {
      get_visually_first_element (it);
      SET_TEXT_POS (it->position, IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it));
    }

  if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->stop_charpos)
    {
      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->end_charpos)
        {
          bool overlay_strings_follow_p;

          /* End of the game, except when overlay strings follow that
             haven't been returned yet.  */
          if (it->overlay_strings_at_end_processed_p)
            overlay_strings_follow_p = false;
          else
            {
              it->overlay_strings_at_end_processed_p = true;
              overlay_strings_follow_p = get_overlay_strings (it, 0);
            }

          if (overlay_strings_follow_p)
            success_p = GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
          else
            {
              it->what = IT_EOB;
              it->position = it->current.pos;
              success_p = false;
            }
        }
      else if (!(!it->bidi_p
                 || BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it)
                 || IT_CHARPOS (*it) == it->stop_charpos))
        {
          /* With bidi non-linear iteration, we could find ourselves
             far beyond the last computed stop_charpos, with several
             other stop positions in between that we missed.  Scan
             them all now, in buffer's logical order, until we find
             and handle the last stop_charpos that precedes our
             current position.  */
          handle_stop_backwards (it, it->stop_charpos);
          it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p = false;
          return GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
        }
      else
        {
          if (it->bidi_p)
            {
              /* Take note of the stop position we just moved across,
                 for when we will move back across it.  */
              it->prev_stop = it->stop_charpos;
              /* If we are at base paragraph embedding level, take
                 note of the last stop position seen at this
                 level.  */
              if (BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it))
                it->base_level_stop = it->stop_charpos;
            }
          handle_stop (it);
          it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p = false;
          return GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
        }
    }
  else if (it->bidi_p
           /* If we are before prev_stop, we may have overstepped on
              our way backwards a stop_pos, and if so, we need to
              handle that stop_pos.  */
           && IT_CHARPOS (*it) < it->prev_stop
           /* We can sometimes back up for reasons that have nothing
              to do with bidi reordering.  E.g., compositions.  The
              code below is only needed when we are above the base
              embedding level, so test for that explicitly.  */
           && !BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it))
    {
      if (it->base_level_stop <= 0
          || IT_CHARPOS (*it) < it->base_level_stop)
        {
          /* If we lost track of base_level_stop, we need to find
             prev_stop by looking backwards.  This happens, e.g., when
             we were reseated to the previous screenful of text by
             vertical-motion.  */
          it->base_level_stop = BEGV;
          compute_stop_pos_backwards (it);
          handle_stop_backwards (it, it->prev_stop);
        }
      else
        handle_stop_backwards (it, it->base_level_stop);
      it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p = false;
      return GET_NEXT_DISPLAY_ELEMENT (it);
    }
  else
    {
      /* No face changes, overlays etc. in sight, so just return a
         character from current_buffer.  */
      unsigned char *p;
      ptrdiff_t stop;

      /* We moved to the next buffer position, so any info about
         previously seen overlays is no longer valid.  */
      it->ignore_overlay_strings_at_pos_p = false;

      /* Maybe run the redisplay end trigger hook.  Performance note:
         This doesn't seem to cost measurable time.  */
      if (it->redisplay_end_trigger_charpos
          && it->glyph_row
          && IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= it->redisplay_end_trigger_charpos)
        run_redisplay_end_trigger_hook (it);

      stop = it->bidi_it.scan_dir < 0 ? -1 : it->end_charpos;
      if (CHAR_COMPOSED_P (it, IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it),
                           stop)
          && next_element_from_composition (it))
        {
          return true;
        }

      /* Get the next character, maybe multibyte.  */
      p = BYTE_POS_ADDR (IT_BYTEPOS (*it));
      if (it->multibyte_p && !ASCII_CHAR_P (*p))
        it->c = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (p, it->len);
      else
        it->c = *p, it->len = 1;

      /* Record what we have and where it came from.  */
      it->what = IT_CHARACTER;
      it->object = it->w->contents;
      it->position = it->current.pos;

      /* Normally we return the character found above, except when we
         really want to return an ellipsis for selective display.  */
      if (it->selective)
        {
          if (it->c == '\n')
            {
              /* A value of selective > 0 means hide lines indented more
                 than that number of columns.  */
              if (it->selective > 0
                  && IT_CHARPOS (*it) + 1 < ZV
                  && indented_beyond_p (IT_CHARPOS (*it) + 1,
                                        IT_BYTEPOS (*it) + 1,
                                        it->selective))
                {
                  success_p = next_element_from_ellipsis (it);
                  it->dpvec_char_len = -1;
                }
            }
          else if (it->c == '\r' && it->selective == -1)
            {
              /* A value of selective == -1 means that everything from the
                 CR to the end of the line is invisible, with maybe an
                 ellipsis displayed for it.  */
              success_p = next_element_from_ellipsis (it);
              it->dpvec_char_len = -1;
            }
        }
    }

  /* Value is false if end of buffer reached.  */
  eassert (!success_p || it->what != IT_CHARACTER || it->len > 0);
  return success_p;
}


/* Run the redisplay end trigger hook for IT.  */

static void
run_redisplay_end_trigger_hook (struct it *it)
{
  /* IT->glyph_row should be non-null, i.e. we should be actually
     displaying something, or otherwise we should not run the hook.  */
  eassert (it->glyph_row);

  ptrdiff_t charpos = it->redisplay_end_trigger_charpos;
  it->redisplay_end_trigger_charpos = 0;

  /* Since we are *trying* to run these functions, don't try to run
     them again, even if they get an error.  */
  wset_redisplay_end_trigger (it->w, Qnil);
  CALLN (Frun_hook_with_args, Qredisplay_end_trigger_functions, it->window,
         make_number (charpos));

  /* Notice if it changed the face of the character we are on.  */
  handle_face_prop (it);
}


/* Deliver a composition display element.  Unlike the other
   next_element_from_XXX, this function is not registered in the array
   get_next_element[].  It is called from next_element_from_buffer and
   next_element_from_string when necessary.  */

static bool
next_element_from_composition (struct it *it)
{
  it->what = IT_COMPOSITION;
  it->len = it->cmp_it.nbytes;
  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    {
      if (it->c < 0)
        {
          IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nchars;
          IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nbytes;
          return false;
        }
      it->position = it->current.string_pos;
      it->object = it->string;
      it->c = composition_update_it (&it->cmp_it, IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it),
                                     IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it), it->string);
    }
  else
    {
      if (it->c < 0)
        {
          IT_CHARPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nchars;
          IT_BYTEPOS (*it) += it->cmp_it.nbytes;
          if (it->bidi_p)
            {
              if (it->bidi_it.new_paragraph)
                bidi_paragraph_init (it->paragraph_embedding, &it->bidi_it,
                                     false);
              /* Resync the bidi iterator with IT's new position.
                 FIXME: this doesn't support bidirectional text.  */
              while (it->bidi_it.charpos < IT_CHARPOS (*it))
                bidi_move_to_visually_next (&it->bidi_it);
            }
          return false;
        }
      it->position = it->current.pos;
      it->object = it->w->contents;
      it->c = composition_update_it (&it->cmp_it, IT_CHARPOS (*it),
                                     IT_BYTEPOS (*it), Qnil);
    }
  return true;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
             Moving an iterator without producing glyphs
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Check if iterator is at a position corresponding to a valid buffer
   position after some move_it_ call.  */

#define IT_POS_VALID_AFTER_MOVE_P(it)                   \
  ((it)->method != GET_FROM_STRING || IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) == 0)


/* Move iterator IT to a specified buffer or X position within one
   line on the display without producing glyphs.

   OP should be a bit mask including some or all of these bits:
    MOVE_TO_X: Stop upon reaching x-position TO_X.
    MOVE_TO_POS: Stop upon reaching buffer or string position TO_CHARPOS.
   Regardless of OP's value, stop upon reaching the end of the display line.

   TO_X is normally a value 0 <= TO_X <= IT->last_visible_x.
   This means, in particular, that TO_X includes window's horizontal
   scroll amount.

   The return value has several possible values that
   say what condition caused the scan to stop:

   MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV
     - when TO_POS or ZV was reached.

   MOVE_X_REACHED
     -when TO_X was reached before TO_POS or ZV were reached.

   MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED
     - when we reached the end of the display area and the line must
     be continued.

   MOVE_LINE_TRUNCATED
     - when we reached the end of the display area and the line is
     truncated.

   MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR
     - when we stopped at a line end, i.e. a newline or a CR and selective
     display is on.  */

static enum move_it_result
move_it_in_display_line_to (struct it *it,
                            ptrdiff_t to_charpos, int to_x,
                            enum move_operation_enum op)
{
  enum move_it_result result = MOVE_UNDEFINED;
  struct glyph_row *saved_glyph_row;
  struct it wrap_it, atpos_it, atx_it, ppos_it;
  void *wrap_data = NULL, *atpos_data = NULL, *atx_data = NULL;
  void *ppos_data = NULL;
  bool may_wrap = false;
  enum it_method prev_method = it->method;
  ptrdiff_t closest_pos UNINIT;
  ptrdiff_t prev_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
  bool saw_smaller_pos = prev_pos < to_charpos;
  bool line_number_pending = false;

  /* Don't produce glyphs in produce_glyphs.  */
  saved_glyph_row = it->glyph_row;
  it->glyph_row = NULL;

  /* Use wrap_it to save a copy of IT wherever a word wrap could
     occur.  Use atpos_it to save a copy of IT at the desired buffer
     position, if found, so that we can scan ahead and check if the
     word later overshoots the window edge.  Use atx_it similarly, for
     pixel positions.  */
  wrap_it.sp = -1;
  atpos_it.sp = -1;
  atx_it.sp = -1;

  /* Use ppos_it under bidi reordering to save a copy of IT for the
     initial position.  We restore that position in IT when we have
     scanned the entire display line without finding a match for
     TO_CHARPOS and all the character positions are greater than
     TO_CHARPOS.  We then restart the scan from the initial position,
     and stop at CLOSEST_POS, which is a position > TO_CHARPOS that is
     the closest to TO_CHARPOS.  */
  if (it->bidi_p)
    {
      if ((op & MOVE_TO_POS) && IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= to_charpos)
        {
          SAVE_IT (ppos_it, *it, ppos_data);
          closest_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
        }
      else
        closest_pos = ZV;
    }

#define BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P()                                  \
  ((op & MOVE_TO_POS) != 0                                      \
   && BUFFERP (it->object)                                      \
   && (IT_CHARPOS (*it) == to_charpos                           \
       || ((!it->bidi_p                                         \
            || BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it))                \
           && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos)                    \
       || (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION                           \
           && ((IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos                   \
                && to_charpos >= it->cmp_it.charpos)            \
               || (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < to_charpos                \
                   && to_charpos <= it->cmp_it.charpos))))      \
   && (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER                            \
       || (it->method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR                \
           && it->dpvec + it->current.dpvec_index + 1 >= it->dpend)))

  if (it->hpos == 0)
    {
      /* If line numbers are being displayed, produce a line number.
         But don't do that if we are to reach first_visible_x, because
         line numbers are not relevant to stuff that is not visible on
         display.  */
      if (!((op && MOVE_TO_X) && to_x == it->first_visible_x)
          && should_produce_line_number (it))
        {
          if (it->current_x == it->first_visible_x)
            maybe_produce_line_number (it);
          else
            line_number_pending = true;
        }
      /* If there's a line-/wrap-prefix, handle it.  */
      if (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER)
        handle_line_prefix (it);
    }

  if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < CHARPOS (this_line_min_pos))
    SET_TEXT_POS (this_line_min_pos, IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it));

  while (true)
    {
      int x, i, ascent = 0, descent = 0;

/* Utility macro to reset an iterator with x, ascent, and descent.  */
#define IT_RESET_X_ASCENT_DESCENT(IT)                   \
  ((IT)->current_x = x, (IT)->max_ascent = ascent,      \
   (IT)->max_descent = descent)

      /* Stop if we move beyond TO_CHARPOS (after an image or a
         display string or stretch glyph).  */
      if ((op & MOVE_TO_POS) != 0
          && BUFFERP (it->object)
          && it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER
          && (((!it->bidi_p
                /* When the iterator is at base embedding level, we
                   are guaranteed that characters are delivered for
                   display in strictly increasing order of their
                   buffer positions.  */
                || BIDI_AT_BASE_LEVEL (it->bidi_it))
               && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos)
              || (it->bidi_p
                  && (prev_method == GET_FROM_IMAGE
                      || prev_method == GET_FROM_STRETCH
                      || prev_method == GET_FROM_STRING)
                  /* Passed TO_CHARPOS from left to right.  */
                  && ((prev_pos < to_charpos
                       && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos)
                      /* Passed TO_CHARPOS from right to left.  */
                      || (prev_pos > to_charpos
                          && IT_CHARPOS (*it) < to_charpos)))))
        {
          if (it->line_wrap != WORD_WRAP || wrap_it.sp < 0)
            {
              result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
              break;
            }
          else if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP && atpos_it.sp < 0)
            /* If wrap_it is valid, the current position might be in a
               word that is wrapped.  So, save the iterator in
               atpos_it and continue to see if wrapping happens.  */
            SAVE_IT (atpos_it, *it, atpos_data);
        }

      /* Stop when ZV reached.
         We used to stop here when TO_CHARPOS reached as well, but that is
         too soon if this glyph does not fit on this line.  So we handle it
         explicitly below.  */
      if (!get_next_display_element (it))
        {
          result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
          break;
        }

      if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE)
        {
          /* If it->pixel_width is zero, the last PRODUCE_GLYPHS call
             produced something that doesn't consume any screen estate
             in the text area, so we don't want to exit the loop at
             TO_CHARPOS, before we produce the glyph for that buffer
             position.  This happens, e.g., when there's an overlay at
             TO_CHARPOS that draws a fringe bitmap.  */
          if (BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ()
              && (it->pixel_width > 0
                  || IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos
                  || it->area != TEXT_AREA))
            {
              result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
              break;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP && it->area == TEXT_AREA)
            {
              if (IT_DISPLAYING_WHITESPACE (it))
                may_wrap = true;
              else if (may_wrap)
                {
                  /* We have reached a glyph that follows one or more
                     whitespace characters.  If the position is
                     already found, we are done.  */
                  if (atpos_it.sp >= 0)
                    {
                      RESTORE_IT (it, &atpos_it, atpos_data);
                      result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
                      goto done;
                    }
                  if (atx_it.sp >= 0)
                    {
                      RESTORE_IT (it, &atx_it, atx_data);
                      result = MOVE_X_REACHED;
                      goto done;
                    }
                  /* Otherwise, we can wrap here.  */
                  SAVE_IT (wrap_it, *it, wrap_data);
                  may_wrap = false;
                }
            }
        }

      /* Remember the line height for the current line, in case
         the next element doesn't fit on the line.  */
      ascent = it->max_ascent;
      descent = it->max_descent;

      /* The call to produce_glyphs will get the metrics of the
         display element IT is loaded with.  Record the x-position
         before this display element, in case it doesn't fit on the
         line.  */
      x = it->current_x;

      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);

      if (it->area != TEXT_AREA)
        {
          prev_method = it->method;
          if (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER)
            prev_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
          set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
          if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < CHARPOS (this_line_min_pos))
            SET_TEXT_POS (this_line_min_pos,
                          IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it));
          if (it->bidi_p
              && (op & MOVE_TO_POS)
              && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos
              && IT_CHARPOS (*it) < closest_pos)
            closest_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
          continue;
        }

      /* The number of glyphs we get back in IT->nglyphs will normally
         be 1 except when IT->c is (i) a TAB, or (ii) a multi-glyph
         character on a terminal frame, or (iii) a line end.  For the
         second case, IT->nglyphs - 1 padding glyphs will be present.
         (On X frames, there is only one glyph produced for a
         composite character.)

         The behavior implemented below means, for continuation lines,
         that as many spaces of a TAB as fit on the current line are
         displayed there.  For terminal frames, as many glyphs of a
         multi-glyph character are displayed in the current line, too.
         This is what the old redisplay code did, and we keep it that
         way.  Under X, the whole shape of a complex character must
         fit on the line or it will be completely displayed in the
         next line.

         Note that both for tabs and padding glyphs, all glyphs have
         the same width.  */
      if (it->nglyphs)
        {
          /* More than one glyph or glyph doesn't fit on line.  All
             glyphs have the same width.  */
          int single_glyph_width = it->pixel_width / it->nglyphs;
          int new_x;
          int x_before_this_char = x;
          int hpos_before_this_char = it->hpos;

          for (i = 0; i < it->nglyphs; ++i, x = new_x)
            {
              new_x = x + single_glyph_width;

              /* We want to leave anything reaching TO_X to the caller.  */
              if ((op & MOVE_TO_X) && new_x > to_x)
                {
                  if (BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ())
                    {
                      if (it->line_wrap != WORD_WRAP || wrap_it.sp < 0)
                        goto buffer_pos_reached;
                      if (atpos_it.sp < 0)
                        {
                          SAVE_IT (atpos_it, *it, atpos_data);
                          IT_RESET_X_ASCENT_DESCENT (&atpos_it);
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      if (it->line_wrap != WORD_WRAP || wrap_it.sp < 0)
                        {
                          it->current_x = x;
                          result = MOVE_X_REACHED;
                          break;
                        }
                      if (atx_it.sp < 0)
                        {
                          SAVE_IT (atx_it, *it, atx_data);
                          IT_RESET_X_ASCENT_DESCENT (&atx_it);
                        }
                    }
                }

              if (/* Lines are continued.  */
                  it->line_wrap != TRUNCATE
                  && (/* And glyph doesn't fit on the line.  */
                      new_x > it->last_visible_x
                      /* Or it fits exactly and we're on a window
                         system frame.  */
                      || (new_x == it->last_visible_x
                          && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
                          && ((it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
                              ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                              : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)))))
                {
                  bool moved_forward = false;

                  if (/* IT->hpos == 0 means the very first glyph
                         doesn't fit on the line, e.g. a wide image.  */
                      it->hpos == 0
                      || (new_x == it->last_visible_x
                          && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)))
                    {
                      ++it->hpos;
                      it->current_x = new_x;

                      /* The character's last glyph just barely fits
                         in this row.  */
                      if (i == it->nglyphs - 1)
                        {
                          /* If this is the destination position,
                             return a position *before* it in this row,
                             now that we know it fits in this row.  */
                          if (BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ())
                            {
                              bool can_wrap = true;

                              /* If we are at a whitespace character
                                 that barely fits on this screen line,
                                 but the next character is also
                                 whitespace, we cannot wrap here.  */
                              if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP
                                  && wrap_it.sp >= 0
                                  && may_wrap
                                  && IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it))
                                {
                                  struct it tem_it;
                                  void *tem_data = NULL;

                                  SAVE_IT (tem_it, *it, tem_data);
                                  set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
                                  if (get_next_display_element (it)
                                      && IT_DISPLAYING_WHITESPACE (it))
                                    can_wrap = false;
                                  RESTORE_IT (it, &tem_it, tem_data);
                                }
                              if (it->line_wrap != WORD_WRAP
                                  || wrap_it.sp < 0
                                  /* If we've just found whitespace
                                     where we can wrap, effectively
                                     ignore the previous wrap point --
                                     it is no longer relevant, but we
                                     won't have an opportunity to
                                     update it, since we've reached
                                     the edge of this screen line.  */
                                  || (may_wrap && can_wrap
                                      && IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it)))
                                {
                                  it->hpos = hpos_before_this_char;
                                  it->current_x = x_before_this_char;
                                  result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
                                  break;
                                }
                              if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP
                                  && atpos_it.sp < 0)
                                {
                                  SAVE_IT (atpos_it, *it, atpos_data);
                                  atpos_it.current_x = x_before_this_char;
                                  atpos_it.hpos = hpos_before_this_char;
                                }
                            }

                          prev_method = it->method;
                          if (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER)
                            prev_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
                          set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
                          if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < CHARPOS (this_line_min_pos))
                            SET_TEXT_POS (this_line_min_pos,
                                          IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it));
                          /* On graphical terminals, newlines may
                             "overflow" into the fringe if
                             overflow-newline-into-fringe is non-nil.
                             On text terminals, and on graphical
                             terminals with no right margin, newlines
                             may overflow into the last glyph on the
                             display line.*/
                          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
                              || ((it->bidi_p
                                   && it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
                                  ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                                  : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)) == 0
                              || IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it))
                            {
                              if (!get_next_display_element (it))
                                {
                                  result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
                                  break;
                                }
                              moved_forward = true;
                              if (BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ())
                                {
                                  if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
                                    result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
                                  else
                                    result = MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED;
                                  break;
                                }
                              if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it)
                                  && (it->line_wrap != WORD_WRAP
                                      || wrap_it.sp < 0
                                      || IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it)))
                                {
                                  result = MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR;
                                  break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    IT_RESET_X_ASCENT_DESCENT (it);

                  /* If the screen line ends with whitespace, and we
                     are under word-wrap, don't use wrap_it: it is no
                     longer relevant, but we won't have an opportunity
                     to update it, since we are done with this screen
                     line.  */
                  if (may_wrap && IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it)
                      /* If the character after the one which set the
                         may_wrap flag is also whitespace, we can't
                         wrap here, since the screen line cannot be
                         wrapped in the middle of whitespace.
                         Therefore, wrap_it _is_ relevant in that
                         case.  */
                      && !(moved_forward && IT_DISPLAYING_WHITESPACE (it)))
                    {
                      /* If we've found TO_X, go back there, as we now
                         know the last word fits on this screen line.  */
                      if ((op & MOVE_TO_X) && new_x == it->last_visible_x
                          && atx_it.sp >= 0)
                        {
                          RESTORE_IT (it, &atx_it, atx_data);
                          atpos_it.sp = -1;
                          atx_it.sp = -1;
                          result = MOVE_X_REACHED;
                          break;
                        }
                    }
                  else if (wrap_it.sp >= 0)
                    {
                      RESTORE_IT (it, &wrap_it, wrap_data);
                      atpos_it.sp = -1;
                      atx_it.sp = -1;
                    }

                  TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it_in: continued at %d\n",
                               IT_CHARPOS (*it)));
                  result = MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED;
                  break;
                }

              if (BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ())
                {
                  if (it->line_wrap != WORD_WRAP || wrap_it.sp < 0)
                    goto buffer_pos_reached;
                  if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP && atpos_it.sp < 0)
                    {
                      SAVE_IT (atpos_it, *it, atpos_data);
                      IT_RESET_X_ASCENT_DESCENT (&atpos_it);
                    }
                }

              if (new_x > it->first_visible_x)
                {
                  /* If we have reached the visible portion of the
                     screen line, produce the line number if needed.  */
                  if (line_number_pending)
                    {
                      line_number_pending = false;
                      it->current_x = it->first_visible_x;
                      maybe_produce_line_number (it);
                      it->current_x += new_x - it->first_visible_x;
                    }
                  /* Glyph is visible.  Increment number of glyphs that
                     would be displayed.  */
                  ++it->hpos;
                }
            }

          if (result != MOVE_UNDEFINED)
            break;
        }
      else if (BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ())
        {
        buffer_pos_reached:
          IT_RESET_X_ASCENT_DESCENT (it);
          result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
          break;
        }
      else if ((op & MOVE_TO_X) && it->current_x >= to_x)
        {
          /* Stop when TO_X specified and reached.  This check is
             necessary here because of lines consisting of a line end,
             only.  The line end will not produce any glyphs and we
             would never get MOVE_X_REACHED.  */
          eassert (it->nglyphs == 0);
          result = MOVE_X_REACHED;
          break;
        }

      /* Is this a line end?  If yes, we're done.  */
      if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
        {
          /* If we are past TO_CHARPOS, but never saw any character
             positions smaller than TO_CHARPOS, return
             MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV, like the unidirectional display
             did.  */
          if (it->bidi_p && (op & MOVE_TO_POS) != 0)
            {
              if (!saw_smaller_pos && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos)
                {
                  if (closest_pos < ZV)
                    {
                      RESTORE_IT (it, &ppos_it, ppos_data);
                      /* Don't recurse if closest_pos is equal to
                         to_charpos, since we have just tried that.  */
                      if (closest_pos != to_charpos)
                        move_it_in_display_line_to (it, closest_pos, -1,
                                                    MOVE_TO_POS);
                      result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
                    }
                  else
                    goto buffer_pos_reached;
                }
              else if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP && atpos_it.sp >= 0
                       && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos)
                goto buffer_pos_reached;
              else
                result = MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR;
            }
          else
            result = MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR;
          /* If we've processed the newline, make sure this flag is
             reset, as it must only be set when the newline itself is
             processed.  */
          if (result == MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR)
            it->constrain_row_ascent_descent_p = false;
          break;
        }

      prev_method = it->method;
      if (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER)
        prev_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

      /* Detect overly-wide wrap-prefixes made of (space ...) display
         properties.  When such a wrap prefix reaches past the right
         margin of the window, we need to avoid the call to
         set_iterator_to_next below, so that it->line_wrap is left at
         its TRUNCATE value wisely set by handle_line_prefix.
         Otherwise, set_iterator_to_next will pop the iterator stack,
         restore it->line_wrap, and we might miss the opportunity to
         exit the loop and return.  */
      bool overwide_wrap_prefix =
        CONSP (it->object) && EQ (XCAR (it->object), Qspace)
        && it->sp > 0 && it->method == GET_FROM_STRETCH
        && it->current_x >= it->last_visible_x
        && it->continuation_lines_width > 0
        && it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE && it->stack[0].line_wrap != TRUNCATE;
      /* The current display element has been consumed.  Advance
         to the next.  */
      if (!overwide_wrap_prefix)
        set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < CHARPOS (this_line_min_pos))
        SET_TEXT_POS (this_line_min_pos, IT_CHARPOS (*it), IT_BYTEPOS (*it));
      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) < to_charpos)
        saw_smaller_pos = true;
      if (it->bidi_p
          && (op & MOVE_TO_POS)
          && IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= to_charpos
          && IT_CHARPOS (*it) < closest_pos)
        closest_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

      /* Stop if lines are truncated and IT's current x-position is
         past the right edge of the window now.  */
      if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE
          && it->current_x >= it->last_visible_x)
        {
          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
              || ((it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
                  ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                  : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)) == 0
              || IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it))
            {
              bool at_eob_p = false;

              if ((at_eob_p = !get_next_display_element (it))
                  || BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ()
                  /* If we are past TO_CHARPOS, but never saw any
                     character positions smaller than TO_CHARPOS,
                     return MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV, like the
                     unidirectional display did.  */
                  || (it->bidi_p && (op & MOVE_TO_POS) != 0
                      && !saw_smaller_pos
                      && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos))
                {
                  if (it->bidi_p
                      && !BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P ()
                      && !at_eob_p && closest_pos < ZV)
                    {
                      RESTORE_IT (it, &ppos_it, ppos_data);
                      if (closest_pos != to_charpos)
                        move_it_in_display_line_to (it, closest_pos, -1,
                                                    MOVE_TO_POS);
                    }
                  result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
                  break;
                }
              if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
                {
                  result = MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR;
                  break;
                }
            }
          else if (it->bidi_p && (op & MOVE_TO_POS) != 0
                   && !saw_smaller_pos
                   && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos)
            {
              if (closest_pos < ZV)
                {
                  RESTORE_IT (it, &ppos_it, ppos_data);
                  if (closest_pos != to_charpos)
                    move_it_in_display_line_to (it, closest_pos, -1,
                                                MOVE_TO_POS);
                }
              result = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
              break;
            }
          result = MOVE_LINE_TRUNCATED;
          break;
        }
#undef IT_RESET_X_ASCENT_DESCENT
    }

#undef BUFFER_POS_REACHED_P

  /* If we scanned beyond TO_POS, restore the saved iterator either to
     the wrap point (if found), or to atpos/atx location.  We decide which
     data to use to restore the saved iterator state by their X coordinates,
     since buffer positions might increase non-monotonically with screen
     coordinates due to bidi reordering.  */
  if (result == MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED
      && it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP
      && wrap_it.sp >= 0
      && ((atpos_it.sp >= 0 && wrap_it.current_x < atpos_it.current_x)
          || (atx_it.sp >= 0 && wrap_it.current_x < atx_it.current_x)))
    RESTORE_IT (it, &wrap_it, wrap_data);
  else if (atpos_it.sp >= 0)
    RESTORE_IT (it, &atpos_it, atpos_data);
  else if (atx_it.sp >= 0)
    RESTORE_IT (it, &atx_it, atx_data);

 done:

  if (atpos_data)
    bidi_unshelve_cache (atpos_data, true);
  if (atx_data)
    bidi_unshelve_cache (atx_data, true);
  if (wrap_data)
    bidi_unshelve_cache (wrap_data, true);
  if (ppos_data)
    bidi_unshelve_cache (ppos_data, true);

  /* Restore the iterator settings altered at the beginning of this
     function.  */
  it->glyph_row = saved_glyph_row;
  return result;
}

/* For external use.  */
void
move_it_in_display_line (struct it *it,
                         ptrdiff_t to_charpos, int to_x,
                         enum move_operation_enum op)
{
  if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP
      && (op & MOVE_TO_X))
    {
      struct it save_it;
      void *save_data = NULL;
      int skip;

      SAVE_IT (save_it, *it, save_data);
      skip = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, to_charpos, to_x, op);
      /* When word-wrap is on, TO_X may lie past the end
         of a wrapped line.  Then it->current is the
         character on the next line, so backtrack to the
         space before the wrap point.  */
      if (skip == MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED)
        {
          int prev_x = max (it->current_x - 1, 0);
          RESTORE_IT (it, &save_it, save_data);
          move_it_in_display_line_to
            (it, -1, prev_x, MOVE_TO_X);
        }
      else
        bidi_unshelve_cache (save_data, true);
    }
  else
    move_it_in_display_line_to (it, to_charpos, to_x, op);
}


/* Move IT forward until it satisfies one or more of the criteria in
   TO_CHARPOS, TO_X, TO_Y, and TO_VPOS.

   OP is a bit-mask that specifies where to stop, and in particular,
   which of those four position arguments makes a difference.  See the
   description of enum move_operation_enum.

   If TO_CHARPOS is in invisible text, e.g. a truncated part of a
   screen line, this function will set IT to the next position that is
   displayed to the right of TO_CHARPOS on the screen.

   Return the maximum pixel length of any line scanned but never more
   than it.last_visible_x.  */

int
move_it_to (struct it *it, ptrdiff_t to_charpos, int to_x, int to_y, int to_vpos, int op)
{
  enum move_it_result skip, skip2 = MOVE_X_REACHED;
  int line_height, line_start_x = 0, reached = 0;
  int max_current_x = 0;
  void *backup_data = NULL;

  for (;;)
    {
      if (op & MOVE_TO_VPOS)
        {
          /* If no TO_CHARPOS and no TO_X specified, stop at the
             start of the line TO_VPOS.  */
          if ((op & (MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_POS)) == 0)
            {
              if (it->vpos == to_vpos)
                {
                  reached = 1;
                  break;
                }
              else
                skip = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, -1, -1, 0);
            }
          else
            {
              /* TO_VPOS >= 0 means stop at TO_X in the line at
                 TO_VPOS, or at TO_POS, whichever comes first.  */
              if (it->vpos == to_vpos)
                {
                  reached = 2;
                  break;
                }

              skip = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, to_charpos, to_x, op);

              if (skip == MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV || it->vpos == to_vpos)
                {
                  reached = 3;
                  break;
                }
              else if (skip == MOVE_X_REACHED && it->vpos != to_vpos)
                {
                  /* We have reached TO_X but not in the line we want.  */
                  skip = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, to_charpos,
                                                     -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
                  if (skip == MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV)
                    {
                      reached = 4;
                      break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      else if (op & MOVE_TO_Y)
        {
          struct it it_backup;

          if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP)
            SAVE_IT (it_backup, *it, backup_data);

          /* TO_Y specified means stop at TO_X in the line containing
             TO_Y---or at TO_CHARPOS if this is reached first.  The
             problem is that we can't really tell whether the line
             contains TO_Y before we have completely scanned it, and
             this may skip past TO_X.  What we do is to first scan to
             TO_X.

             If TO_X is not specified, use a TO_X of zero.  The reason
             is to make the outcome of this function more predictable.
             If we didn't use TO_X == 0, we would stop at the end of
             the line which is probably not what a caller would expect
             to happen.  */
          skip = move_it_in_display_line_to
            (it, to_charpos, ((op & MOVE_TO_X) ? to_x : 0),
             (MOVE_TO_X | (op & MOVE_TO_POS)));

          /* If TO_CHARPOS is reached or ZV, we don't have to do more.  */
          if (skip == MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV)
            reached = 5;
          else if (skip == MOVE_X_REACHED)
            {
              /* If TO_X was reached, we want to know whether TO_Y is
                 in the line.  We know this is the case if the already
                 scanned glyphs make the line tall enough.  Otherwise,
                 we must check by scanning the rest of the line.  */
              line_height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
              if (to_y >= it->current_y
                  && to_y < it->current_y + line_height)
                {
                  reached = 6;
                  break;
                }
              SAVE_IT (it_backup, *it, backup_data);
              TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it: from %d\n", IT_CHARPOS (*it)));
              skip2 = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, to_charpos, -1,
                                                  op & MOVE_TO_POS);
              TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it: to %d\n", IT_CHARPOS (*it)));
              line_height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
              TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it: line_height = %d\n", line_height));

              if (to_y >= it->current_y
                  && to_y < it->current_y + line_height)
                {
                  /* If TO_Y is in this line and TO_X was reached
                     above, we scanned too far.  We have to restore
                     IT's settings to the ones before skipping.  But
                     keep the more accurate values of max_ascent and
                     max_descent we've found while skipping the rest
                     of the line, for the sake of callers, such as
                     pos_visible_p, that need to know the line
                     height.  */
                  int max_ascent = it->max_ascent;
                  int max_descent = it->max_descent;

                  RESTORE_IT (it, &it_backup, backup_data);
                  it->max_ascent = max_ascent;
                  it->max_descent = max_descent;
                  reached = 6;
                }
              else
                {
                  skip = skip2;
                  if (skip == MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV)
                    reached = 7;
                }
            }
          else
            {
              /* Check whether TO_Y is in this line.  */
              line_height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
              TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it: line_height = %d\n", line_height));

              if (to_y >= it->current_y
                  && to_y < it->current_y + line_height)
                {
                  if (to_y > it->current_y)
                    max_current_x = max (it->current_x, max_current_x);

                  /* When word-wrap is on, TO_X may lie past the end
                     of a wrapped line.  Then it->current is the
                     character on the next line, so backtrack to the
                     space before the wrap point.  */
                  if (skip == MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED
                      && it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP)
                    {
                      int prev_x = max (it->current_x - 1, 0);
                      RESTORE_IT (it, &it_backup, backup_data);
                      skip = move_it_in_display_line_to
                        (it, -1, prev_x, MOVE_TO_X);
                    }

                  reached = 6;
                }
            }

          if (reached)
            {
              max_current_x = max (it->current_x, max_current_x);
              break;
            }
        }
      else if (BUFFERP (it->object)
               && (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER
                   || it->method == GET_FROM_STRETCH)
               && IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= to_charpos
               /* Under bidi iteration, a call to set_iterator_to_next
                  can scan far beyond to_charpos if the initial
                  portion of the next line needs to be reordered.  In
                  that case, give move_it_in_display_line_to another
                  chance below.  */
               && !(it->bidi_p
                    && it->bidi_it.scan_dir == -1))
        skip = MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV;
      else
        skip = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, to_charpos, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);

      switch (skip)
        {
        case MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV:
          max_current_x = max (it->current_x, max_current_x);
          reached = 8;
          goto out;

        case MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR:
          max_current_x = max (it->current_x, max_current_x);
          set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
          it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
          break;

        case MOVE_LINE_TRUNCATED:
          max_current_x = it->last_visible_x;
          it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
          reseat_at_next_visible_line_start (it, false);
          if ((op & MOVE_TO_POS) != 0
              && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > to_charpos)
            {
              reached = 9;
              goto out;
            }
          break;

        case MOVE_LINE_CONTINUED:
          max_current_x = it->last_visible_x;
          /* For continued lines ending in a tab, some of the glyphs
             associated with the tab are displayed on the current
             line.  Since it->current_x does not include these glyphs,
             we use it->last_visible_x instead.  */
          if (it->c == '\t')
            {
              it->continuation_lines_width += it->last_visible_x;
              /* When moving by vpos, ensure that the iterator really
                 advances to the next line (bug#847, bug#969).  Fixme:
                 do we need to do this in other circumstances?  */
              if (it->current_x != it->last_visible_x
                  && (op & MOVE_TO_VPOS)
                  && !(op & (MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_POS)))
                {
                  line_start_x = it->current_x + it->pixel_width
                    - it->last_visible_x;
                  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
                    {
                      struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
                      struct font *face_font = face->font;

                      /* When display_line produces a continued line
                         that ends in a TAB, it skips a tab stop that
                         is closer than the font's space character
                         width (see x_produce_glyphs where it produces
                         the stretch glyph which represents a TAB).
                         We need to reproduce the same logic here.  */
                      eassert (face_font);
                      if (face_font)
                        {
                          if (line_start_x < face_font->space_width)
                            line_start_x
                              += it->tab_width * face_font->space_width;
                        }
                    }
                  set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
                }
            }
          else
            it->continuation_lines_width += it->current_x;
          break;

        default:
          emacs_abort ();
        }

      /* Reset/increment for the next run.  */
      recenter_overlay_lists (current_buffer, IT_CHARPOS (*it));
      it->current_x = line_start_x;
      line_start_x = 0;
      it->hpos = 0;
      it->line_number_produced_p = false;
      it->current_y += it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
      ++it->vpos;
      last_height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
      it->max_ascent = it->max_descent = 0;
    }

 out:

  /* On text terminals, we may stop at the end of a line in the middle
     of a multi-character glyph.  If the glyph itself is continued,
     i.e. it is actually displayed on the next line, don't treat this
     stopping point as valid; move to the next line instead (unless
     that brings us offscreen).  */
  if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
      && op & MOVE_TO_POS
      && IT_CHARPOS (*it) == to_charpos
      && it->what == IT_CHARACTER
      && it->nglyphs > 1
      && it->line_wrap == WINDOW_WRAP
      && it->current_x == it->last_visible_x - 1
      && it->c != '\n'
      && it->c != '\t'
      && it->w->window_end_valid
      && it->vpos < it->w->window_end_vpos)
    {
      it->continuation_lines_width += it->current_x;
      it->current_x = it->hpos = it->max_ascent = it->max_descent = 0;
      it->current_y += it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
      ++it->vpos;
      last_height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
    }

  if (backup_data)
    bidi_unshelve_cache (backup_data, true);

  TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it_to: reached %d\n", reached));

  return max_current_x;
}


/* Move iterator IT backward by a specified y-distance DY, DY >= 0.

   If DY > 0, move IT backward at least that many pixels.  DY = 0
   means move IT backward to the preceding line start or BEGV.  This
   function may move over more than DY pixels if IT->current_y - DY
   ends up in the middle of a line; in this case IT->current_y will be
   set to the top of the line moved to.  */

void
move_it_vertically_backward (struct it *it, int dy)
{
  int nlines, h;
  struct it it2, it3;
  void *it2data = NULL, *it3data = NULL;
  ptrdiff_t start_pos;
  int nchars_per_row
    = (it->last_visible_x - it->first_visible_x) / FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f);
  ptrdiff_t pos_limit;

 move_further_back:
  eassert (dy >= 0);

  start_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

  /* Estimate how many newlines we must move back.  */
  nlines = max (1, dy / default_line_pixel_height (it->w));
  if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE || nchars_per_row == 0)
    pos_limit = BEGV;
  else
    pos_limit = max (start_pos - nlines * nchars_per_row, BEGV);

  /* Set the iterator's position that many lines back.  But don't go
     back more than NLINES full screen lines -- this wins a day with
     buffers which have very long lines.  */
  while (nlines-- && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > pos_limit)
    back_to_previous_visible_line_start (it);

  /* Reseat the iterator here.  When moving backward, we don't want
     reseat to skip forward over invisible text, set up the iterator
     to deliver from overlay strings at the new position etc.  So,
     use reseat_1 here.  */
  reseat_1 (it, it->current.pos, true);

  /* We are now surely at a line start.  */
  it->current_x = it->hpos = 0; /* FIXME: this is incorrect when bidi
                                   reordering is in effect.  */
  it->continuation_lines_width = 0;

  /* Move forward and see what y-distance we moved.  First move to the
     start of the next line so that we get its height.  We need this
     height to be able to tell whether we reached the specified
     y-distance.  */
  SAVE_IT (it2, *it, it2data);
  it2.max_ascent = it2.max_descent = 0;
  do
    {
      move_it_to (&it2, start_pos, -1, -1, it2.vpos + 1,
                  MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_VPOS);
    }
  while (!(IT_POS_VALID_AFTER_MOVE_P (&it2)
           /* If we are in a display string which starts at START_POS,
              and that display string includes a newline, and we are
              right after that newline (i.e. at the beginning of a
              display line), exit the loop, because otherwise we will
              infloop, since move_it_to will see that it is already at
              START_POS and will not move.  */
           || (it2.method == GET_FROM_STRING
               && IT_CHARPOS (it2) == start_pos
               && SREF (it2.string, IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (it2) - 1) == '\n')));
  eassert (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= BEGV);
  SAVE_IT (it3, it2, it3data);

  move_it_to (&it2, start_pos, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
  eassert (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= BEGV);
  /* H is the actual vertical distance from the position in *IT
     and the starting position.  */
  h = it2.current_y - it->current_y;
  /* NLINES is the distance in number of lines.  */
  nlines = it2.vpos - it->vpos;

  /* Correct IT's y and vpos position
     so that they are relative to the starting point.  */
  it->vpos -= nlines;
  it->current_y -= h;

  if (dy == 0)
    {
      /* DY == 0 means move to the start of the screen line.  The
         value of nlines is > 0 if continuation lines were involved,
         or if the original IT position was at start of a line.  */
      RESTORE_IT (it, it, it2data);
      if (nlines > 0)
        move_it_by_lines (it, nlines);
      /* The above code moves us to some position NLINES down,
         usually to its first glyph (leftmost in an L2R line), but
         that's not necessarily the start of the line, under bidi
         reordering.  We want to get to the character position
         that is immediately after the newline of the previous
         line.  */
      if (it->bidi_p
          && !it->continuation_lines_width
          && !STRINGP (it->string)
          && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > BEGV
          && FETCH_BYTE (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) - 1) != '\n')
        {
          ptrdiff_t cp = IT_CHARPOS (*it), bp = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);

          DEC_BOTH (cp, bp);
          cp = find_newline_no_quit (cp, bp, -1, NULL);
          move_it_to (it, cp, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
        }
      bidi_unshelve_cache (it3data, true);
    }
  else
    {
      /* The y-position we try to reach, relative to *IT.
         Note that H has been subtracted in front of the if-statement.  */
      int target_y = it->current_y + h - dy;
      int y0 = it3.current_y;
      int y1;
      int line_height;

      RESTORE_IT (&it3, &it3, it3data);
      y1 = line_bottom_y (&it3);
      line_height = y1 - y0;
      RESTORE_IT (it, it, it2data);
      /* If we did not reach target_y, try to move further backward if
         we can.  If we moved too far backward, try to move forward.  */
      if (target_y < it->current_y
          /* This is heuristic.  In a window that's 3 lines high, with
             a line height of 13 pixels each, recentering with point
             on the bottom line will try to move -39/2 = 19 pixels
             backward.  Try to avoid moving into the first line.  */
          && (it->current_y - target_y
              > min (window_box_height (it->w), line_height * 2 / 3))
          && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > BEGV)
        {
          TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "  not far enough -> move_vert %d\n",
                       target_y - it->current_y));
          dy = it->current_y - target_y;
          goto move_further_back;
        }
      else if (target_y >= it->current_y + line_height
               && IT_CHARPOS (*it) < ZV)
        {
          /* Should move forward by at least one line, maybe more.

             Note: Calling move_it_by_lines can be expensive on
             terminal frames, where compute_motion is used (via
             vmotion) to do the job, when there are very long lines
             and truncate-lines is nil.  That's the reason for
             treating terminal frames specially here.  */

          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
            move_it_vertically (it, target_y - it->current_y);
          else
            {
              do
                {
                  move_it_by_lines (it, 1);
                }
              while (target_y >= line_bottom_y (it) && IT_CHARPOS (*it) < ZV);
            }
        }
    }
}


/* Move IT by a specified amount of pixel lines DY.  DY negative means
   move backwards.  DY = 0 means move to start of screen line.  At the
   end, IT will be on the start of a screen line.  */

void
move_it_vertically (struct it *it, int dy)
{
  if (dy <= 0)
    move_it_vertically_backward (it, -dy);
  else
    {
      TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it_v: from %d, %d\n", IT_CHARPOS (*it), dy));
      move_it_to (it, ZV, -1, it->current_y + dy, -1,
                  MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_Y);
      TRACE_MOVE ((stderr, "move_it_v: to %d\n", IT_CHARPOS (*it)));

      /* If buffer ends in ZV without a newline, move to the start of
         the line to satisfy the post-condition.  */
      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) == ZV
          && ZV > BEGV
          && FETCH_BYTE (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) - 1) != '\n')
        move_it_by_lines (it, 0);
    }
}


/* Move iterator IT past the end of the text line it is in.  */

void
move_it_past_eol (struct it *it)
{
  enum move_it_result rc;

  rc = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, Z, 0, MOVE_TO_POS);
  if (rc == MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR)
    set_iterator_to_next (it, false);
}


/* Move IT by a specified number DVPOS of screen lines down.  DVPOS
   negative means move up.  DVPOS == 0 means move to the start of the
   screen line.

   Optimization idea: If we would know that IT->f doesn't use
   a face with proportional font, we could be faster for
   truncate-lines nil.  */

void
move_it_by_lines (struct it *it, ptrdiff_t dvpos)
{

  /* The commented-out optimization uses vmotion on terminals.  This
     gives bad results, because elements like it->what, on which
     callers such as pos_visible_p rely, aren't updated.  */
  /* struct position pos;
    if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      struct text_pos textpos;

      pos = *vmotion (IT_CHARPOS (*it), dvpos, it->w);
      SET_TEXT_POS (textpos, pos.bufpos, pos.bytepos);
      reseat (it, textpos, true);
      it->vpos += pos.vpos;
      it->current_y += pos.vpos;
    }
    else */

  if (dvpos == 0)
    {
      /* DVPOS == 0 means move to the start of the screen line.  */
      move_it_vertically_backward (it, 0);
      /* Let next call to line_bottom_y calculate real line height.  */
      last_height = 0;
    }
  else if (dvpos > 0)
    {
      move_it_to (it, -1, -1, -1, it->vpos + dvpos, MOVE_TO_VPOS);
      if (!IT_POS_VALID_AFTER_MOVE_P (it))
        {
          /* Only move to the next buffer position if we ended up in a
             string from display property, not in an overlay string
             (before-string or after-string).  That is because the
             latter don't conceal the underlying buffer position, so
             we can ask to move the iterator to the exact position we
             are interested in.  Note that, even if we are already at
             IT_CHARPOS (*it), the call below is not a no-op, as it
             will detect that we are at the end of the string, pop the
             iterator, and compute it->current_x and it->hpos
             correctly.  */
          move_it_to (it, IT_CHARPOS (*it) + it->string_from_display_prop_p,
                      -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      struct it it2;
      void *it2data = NULL;
      ptrdiff_t start_charpos, i;
      int nchars_per_row
        = (it->last_visible_x - it->first_visible_x) / FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f);
      bool hit_pos_limit = false;
      ptrdiff_t pos_limit;

      /* Start at the beginning of the screen line containing IT's
         position.  This may actually move vertically backwards,
         in case of overlays, so adjust dvpos accordingly.  */
      dvpos += it->vpos;
      move_it_vertically_backward (it, 0);
      dvpos -= it->vpos;

      /* Go back -DVPOS buffer lines, but no farther than -DVPOS full
         screen lines, and reseat the iterator there.  */
      start_charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
      if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE || nchars_per_row == 0)
        pos_limit = BEGV;
      else
        pos_limit = max (start_charpos + dvpos * nchars_per_row, BEGV);

      for (i = -dvpos; i > 0 && IT_CHARPOS (*it) > pos_limit; --i)
        back_to_previous_visible_line_start (it);
      if (i > 0 && IT_CHARPOS (*it) <= pos_limit)
        hit_pos_limit = true;
      reseat (it, it->current.pos, true);

      /* Move further back if we end up in a string or an image.  */
      while (!IT_POS_VALID_AFTER_MOVE_P (it))
        {
          /* First try to move to start of display line.  */
          dvpos += it->vpos;
          move_it_vertically_backward (it, 0);
          dvpos -= it->vpos;
          if (IT_POS_VALID_AFTER_MOVE_P (it))
            break;
          /* If start of line is still in string or image,
             move further back.  */
          back_to_previous_visible_line_start (it);
          reseat (it, it->current.pos, true);
          dvpos--;
        }

      it->current_x = it->hpos = 0;

      /* Above call may have moved too far if continuation lines
         are involved.  Scan forward and see if it did.  */
      SAVE_IT (it2, *it, it2data);
      it2.vpos = it2.current_y = 0;
      move_it_to (&it2, start_charpos, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
      it->vpos -= it2.vpos;
      it->current_y -= it2.current_y;
      it->current_x = it->hpos = 0;

      /* If we moved too far back, move IT some lines forward.  */
      if (it2.vpos > -dvpos)
        {
          int delta = it2.vpos + dvpos;

          RESTORE_IT (&it2, &it2, it2data);
          SAVE_IT (it2, *it, it2data);
          move_it_to (it, -1, -1, -1, it->vpos + delta, MOVE_TO_VPOS);
          /* Move back again if we got too far ahead.  */
          if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= start_charpos)
            RESTORE_IT (it, &it2, it2data);
          else
            bidi_unshelve_cache (it2data, true);
        }
      else if (hit_pos_limit && pos_limit > BEGV
               && dvpos < 0 && it2.vpos < -dvpos)
        {
          /* If we hit the limit, but still didn't make it far enough
             back, that means there's a display string with a newline
             covering a large chunk of text, and that caused
             back_to_previous_visible_line_start try to go too far.
             Punish those who commit such atrocities by going back
             until we've reached DVPOS, after lifting the limit, which
             could make it slow for very long lines.  "If it hurts,
             don't do that!"  */
          dvpos += it2.vpos;
          RESTORE_IT (it, it, it2data);
          for (i = -dvpos; i > 0; --i)
            {
              back_to_previous_visible_line_start (it);
              it->vpos--;
            }
          reseat_1 (it, it->current.pos, true);
        }
      else
        RESTORE_IT (it, it, it2data);
    }
}

int
partial_line_height (struct it *it_origin)
{
  int partial_height;
  void *it_data = NULL;
  struct it it;
  SAVE_IT (it, *it_origin, it_data);
  move_it_to (&it, ZV, -1, it.last_visible_y, -1,
              MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_Y);
  if (it.what == IT_EOB)
    {
      int vis_height = it.last_visible_y - it.current_y;
      int height = it.ascent + it.descent;
      partial_height = (vis_height < height) ? vis_height : 0;
    }
  else
    {
      int last_line_y = it.current_y;
      move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
      partial_height = (it.current_y > it.last_visible_y)
        ? it.last_visible_y - last_line_y : 0;
    }
  RESTORE_IT (&it, &it, it_data);
  return partial_height;
}

/* Return true if IT points into the middle of a display vector.  */

bool
in_display_vector_p (struct it *it)
{
  return (it->method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR
          && it->current.dpvec_index > 0
          && it->dpvec + it->current.dpvec_index != it->dpend);
}

DEFUN ("window-text-pixel-size", Fwindow_text_pixel_size, Swindow_text_pixel_size, 0, 6, 0,
       doc: /* Return the size of the text of WINDOW's buffer in pixels.
WINDOW must be a live window and defaults to the selected one.  The
return value is a cons of the maximum pixel-width of any text line and
the maximum pixel-height of all text lines.

The optional argument FROM, if non-nil, specifies the first text
position and defaults to the minimum accessible position of the buffer.
If FROM is t, use the minimum accessible position that starts a
non-empty line.  TO, if non-nil, specifies the last text position and
defaults to the maximum accessible position of the buffer.  If TO is t,
use the maximum accessible position that ends a non-empty line.

The optional argument X-LIMIT, if non-nil, specifies the maximum text
width that can be returned.  X-LIMIT nil or omitted, means to use the
pixel-width of WINDOW's body; use this if you want to know how high
WINDOW should be become in order to fit all of its buffer's text with
the width of WINDOW unaltered.  Use the maximum width WINDOW may assume
if you intend to change WINDOW's width.  In any case, text whose
x-coordinate is beyond X-LIMIT is ignored.  Since calculating the width
of long lines can take some time, it's always a good idea to make this
argument as small as possible; in particular, if the buffer contains
long lines that shall be truncated anyway.

The optional argument Y-LIMIT, if non-nil, specifies the maximum text
height (excluding the height of the mode- or header-line, if any) that
can be returned.  Text lines whose y-coordinate is beyond Y-LIMIT are
ignored.  Since calculating the text height of a large buffer can take
some time, it makes sense to specify this argument if the size of the
buffer is large or unknown.

Optional argument MODE-AND-HEADER-LINE nil or omitted means do not
include the height of the mode- or header-line of WINDOW in the return
value.  If it is either the symbol `mode-line' or `header-line', include
only the height of that line, if present, in the return value.  If t,
include the height of both, if present, in the return value.  */)
  (Lisp_Object window, Lisp_Object from, Lisp_Object to, Lisp_Object x_limit,
   Lisp_Object y_limit, Lisp_Object mode_and_header_line)
{
  struct window *w = decode_live_window (window);
  Lisp_Object buffer = w->contents;
  struct buffer *b;
  struct it it;
  struct buffer *old_b = NULL;
  ptrdiff_t start, end, pos;
  struct text_pos startp;
  void *itdata = NULL;
  int c, max_x = 0, max_y = 0, x = 0, y = 0;

  CHECK_BUFFER (buffer);
  b = XBUFFER (buffer);

  if (b != current_buffer)
    {
      old_b = current_buffer;
      set_buffer_internal (b);
    }

  if (NILP (from))
    start = BEGV;
  else if (EQ (from, Qt))
    {
      start = pos = BEGV;
      while ((pos++ < ZV) && (c = FETCH_CHAR (pos))
             && (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r'))
        start = pos;
      while ((pos-- > BEGV) && (c = FETCH_CHAR (pos)) && (c == ' ' || c == '\t'))
        start = pos;
    }
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER_COERCE_MARKER (from);
      start = min (max (XINT (from), BEGV), ZV);
    }

  if (NILP (to))
    end = ZV;
  else if (EQ (to, Qt))
    {
      end = pos = ZV;
      while ((pos-- > BEGV) && (c = FETCH_CHAR (pos))
             && (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\n' || c == '\r'))
        end = pos;
      while ((pos++ < ZV) && (c = FETCH_CHAR (pos)) && (c == ' ' || c == '\t'))
        end = pos;
    }
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER_COERCE_MARKER (to);
      end = max (start, min (XINT (to), ZV));
    }

  if (!NILP (x_limit) && RANGED_INTEGERP (0, x_limit, INT_MAX))
    max_x = XINT (x_limit);

  if (NILP (y_limit))
    max_y = INT_MAX;
  else if (RANGED_INTEGERP (0, y_limit, INT_MAX))
    max_y = XINT (y_limit);

  itdata = bidi_shelve_cache ();
  SET_TEXT_POS (startp, start, CHAR_TO_BYTE (start));
  start_display (&it, w, startp);
  /* It makes no sense to measure dimensions of region of text that
     crosses the point where bidi reordering changes scan direction.
     By using unidirectional movement here we at least support the use
     case of measuring regions of text that have a uniformly R2L
     directionality, and regions that begin and end in text of the
     same directionality.  */
  it.bidi_p = false;

  int move_op = MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_Y;
  int to_x = -1;
  if (!NILP (x_limit))
    {
      it.last_visible_x = max_x;
      /* Actually, we never want move_it_to stop at to_x.  But to make
         sure that move_it_in_display_line_to always moves far enough,
         we set to_x to INT_MAX and specify MOVE_TO_X.  */
      move_op |= MOVE_TO_X;
      to_x = INT_MAX;
    }

  void *it2data = NULL;
  struct it it2;
  SAVE_IT (it2, it, it2data);

  x = move_it_to (&it, end, to_x, max_y, -1, move_op);

  /* We could have a display property at END, in which case asking
     move_it_to to stop at END will overshoot and stop at position
     after END.  So we try again, stopping before END, and account for
     the width of the last buffer position manually.  */
  if (IT_CHARPOS (it) > end)
    {
      end--;
      RESTORE_IT (&it, &it2, it2data);
      x = move_it_to (&it, end, to_x, max_y, -1, move_op);
      /* Add the width of the thing at TO, but only if we didn't
         overshoot it; if we did, it is already accounted for.  Also,
         account for the height of the thing at TO.  */
      if (IT_CHARPOS (it) == end)
        {
          x += it.pixel_width;
          it.max_ascent = max (it.max_ascent, it.ascent);
          it.max_descent = max (it.max_descent, it.descent);
        }
    }
  if (!NILP (x_limit))
    {
      /* Don't return more than X-LIMIT.  */
      if (x > max_x)
        x = max_x;
    }

  /* Subtract height of header-line which was counted automatically by
     start_display.  */
  y = it.current_y + it.max_ascent + it.max_descent
    - WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
  /* Don't return more than Y-LIMIT.  */
  if (y > max_y)
    y = max_y;

  if (EQ (mode_and_header_line, Qheader_line)
      || EQ (mode_and_header_line, Qt))
    /* Re-add height of header-line as requested.  */
    y = y + WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);

  if (EQ (mode_and_header_line, Qmode_line)
      || EQ (mode_and_header_line, Qt))
    /* Add height of mode-line as requested.  */
    y = y + WINDOW_MODE_LINE_HEIGHT (w);

  bidi_unshelve_cache (itdata, false);

  if (old_b)
    set_buffer_internal (old_b);

  return Fcons (make_number (x), make_number (y));
}
\f
/***********************************************************************
                               Messages
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Return the number of arguments the format string FORMAT needs.  */

static ptrdiff_t
format_nargs (char const *format)
{
  ptrdiff_t nargs = 0;
  for (char const *p = format; (p = strchr (p, '%')); p++)
    if (p[1] == '%')
      p++;
    else
      nargs++;
  return nargs;
}

/* Add a message with format string FORMAT and formatted arguments
   to *Messages*.  */

void
add_to_log (const char *format, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
  va_start (ap, format);
  vadd_to_log (format, ap);
  va_end (ap);
}

void
vadd_to_log (char const *format, va_list ap)
{
  ptrdiff_t form_nargs = format_nargs (format);
  ptrdiff_t nargs = 1 + form_nargs;
  Lisp_Object args[10];
  eassert (nargs <= ARRAYELTS (args));
  AUTO_STRING (args0, format);
  args[0] = args0;
  for (ptrdiff_t i = 1; i <= nargs; i++)
    args[i] = va_arg (ap, Lisp_Object);
  Lisp_Object msg = Qnil;
  msg = Fformat_message (nargs, args);

  ptrdiff_t len = SBYTES (msg) + 1;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;
  char *buffer = SAFE_ALLOCA (len);
  memcpy (buffer, SDATA (msg), len);

  message_dolog (buffer, len - 1, true, STRING_MULTIBYTE (msg));
  SAFE_FREE ();
}


/* Output a newline in the *Messages* buffer if "needs" one.  */

void
message_log_maybe_newline (void)
{
  if (message_log_need_newline)
    message_dolog ("", 0, true, false);
}


/* Add a string M of length NBYTES to the message log, optionally
   terminated with a newline when NLFLAG is true.  MULTIBYTE, if
   true, means interpret the contents of M as multibyte.  This
   function calls low-level routines in order to bypass text property
   hooks, etc. which might not be safe to run.

   This may GC (insert may run before/after change hooks),
   so the buffer M must NOT point to a Lisp string.  */

void
message_dolog (const char *m, ptrdiff_t nbytes, bool nlflag, bool multibyte)
{
  const unsigned char *msg = (const unsigned char *) m;

  if (!NILP (Vmemory_full))
    return;

  if (!NILP (Vmessage_log_max))
    {
      struct buffer *oldbuf;
      Lisp_Object oldpoint, oldbegv, oldzv;
      int old_windows_or_buffers_changed = windows_or_buffers_changed;
      ptrdiff_t point_at_end = 0;
      ptrdiff_t zv_at_end = 0;
      Lisp_Object old_deactivate_mark;

      old_deactivate_mark = Vdeactivate_mark;
      oldbuf = current_buffer;

      /* Ensure the Messages buffer exists, and switch to it.
         If we created it, set the major-mode.  */
      bool newbuffer = NILP (Fget_buffer (Vmessages_buffer_name));
      Fset_buffer (Fget_buffer_create (Vmessages_buffer_name));
      if (newbuffer
          && !NILP (Ffboundp (intern ("messages-buffer-mode"))))
        call0 (intern ("messages-buffer-mode"));

      bset_undo_list (current_buffer, Qt);
      bset_cache_long_scans (current_buffer, Qnil);

      oldpoint = message_dolog_marker1;
      set_marker_restricted_both (oldpoint, Qnil, PT, PT_BYTE);
      oldbegv = message_dolog_marker2;
      set_marker_restricted_both (oldbegv, Qnil, BEGV, BEGV_BYTE);
      oldzv = message_dolog_marker3;
      set_marker_restricted_both (oldzv, Qnil, ZV, ZV_BYTE);

      if (PT == Z)
        point_at_end = 1;
      if (ZV == Z)
        zv_at_end = 1;

      BEGV = BEG;
      BEGV_BYTE = BEG_BYTE;
      ZV = Z;
      ZV_BYTE = Z_BYTE;
      TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (Z, Z_BYTE);

      /* Insert the string--maybe converting multibyte to single byte
         or vice versa, so that all the text fits the buffer.  */
      if (multibyte
          && NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)))
        {
          ptrdiff_t i;
          int c, char_bytes;
          char work[1];

          /* Convert a multibyte string to single-byte
             for the *Message* buffer.  */
          for (i = 0; i < nbytes; i += char_bytes)
            {
              c = string_char_and_length (msg + i, &char_bytes);
              work[0] = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
              insert_1_both (work, 1, 1, true, false, false);
            }
        }
      else if (! multibyte
               && ! NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)))
        {
          ptrdiff_t i;
          int c, char_bytes;
          unsigned char str[MAX_MULTIBYTE_LENGTH];
          /* Convert a single-byte string to multibyte
             for the *Message* buffer.  */
          for (i = 0; i < nbytes; i++)
            {
              c = msg[i];
              MAKE_CHAR_MULTIBYTE (c);
              char_bytes = CHAR_STRING (c, str);
              insert_1_both ((char *) str, 1, char_bytes, true, false, false);
            }
        }
      else if (nbytes)
        insert_1_both (m, chars_in_text (msg, nbytes), nbytes,
                       true, false, false);

      if (nlflag)
        {
          ptrdiff_t this_bol, this_bol_byte, prev_bol, prev_bol_byte;
          printmax_t dups;

          insert_1_both ("\n", 1, 1, true, false, false);

          scan_newline (Z, Z_BYTE, BEG, BEG_BYTE, -2, false);
          this_bol = PT;
          this_bol_byte = PT_BYTE;

          /* See if this line duplicates the previous one.
             If so, combine duplicates.  */
          if (this_bol > BEG)
            {
              scan_newline (PT, PT_BYTE, BEG, BEG_BYTE, -2, false);
              prev_bol = PT;
              prev_bol_byte = PT_BYTE;

              dups = message_log_check_duplicate (prev_bol_byte,
                                                  this_bol_byte);
              if (dups)
                {
                  del_range_both (prev_bol, prev_bol_byte,
                                  this_bol, this_bol_byte, false);
                  if (dups > 1)
                    {
                      char dupstr[sizeof " [ times]"
                                  + INT_STRLEN_BOUND (printmax_t)];

                      /* If you change this format, don't forget to also
                         change message_log_check_duplicate.  */
                      int duplen = sprintf (dupstr, " [%"pMd" times]", dups);
                      TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (Z - 1, Z_BYTE - 1);
                      insert_1_both (dupstr, duplen, duplen,
                                     true, false, true);
                    }
                }
            }

          /* If we have more than the desired maximum number of lines
             in the *Messages* buffer now, delete the oldest ones.
             This is safe because we don't have undo in this buffer.  */

          if (NATNUMP (Vmessage_log_max))
            {
              scan_newline (Z, Z_BYTE, BEG, BEG_BYTE,
                            -XFASTINT (Vmessage_log_max) - 1, false);
              del_range_both (BEG, BEG_BYTE, PT, PT_BYTE, false);
            }
        }
      BEGV = marker_position (oldbegv);
      BEGV_BYTE = marker_byte_position (oldbegv);

      if (zv_at_end)
        {
          ZV = Z;
          ZV_BYTE = Z_BYTE;
        }
      else
        {
          ZV = marker_position (oldzv);
          ZV_BYTE = marker_byte_position (oldzv);
        }

      if (point_at_end)
        TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (Z, Z_BYTE);
      else
        /* We can't do Fgoto_char (oldpoint) because it will run some
           Lisp code.  */
        TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (marker_position (oldpoint),
                          marker_byte_position (oldpoint));

      unchain_marker (XMARKER (oldpoint));
      unchain_marker (XMARKER (oldbegv));
      unchain_marker (XMARKER (oldzv));

      /* We called insert_1_both above with its 5th argument (PREPARE)
         false, which prevents insert_1_both from calling
         prepare_to_modify_buffer, which in turns prevents us from
         incrementing windows_or_buffers_changed even if *Messages* is
         shown in some window.  So we must manually set
         windows_or_buffers_changed here to make up for that.  */
      windows_or_buffers_changed = old_windows_or_buffers_changed;
      bset_redisplay (current_buffer);

      set_buffer_internal (oldbuf);

      message_log_need_newline = !nlflag;
      Vdeactivate_mark = old_deactivate_mark;
    }
}


/* We are at the end of the buffer after just having inserted a newline.
   (Note: We depend on the fact we won't be crossing the gap.)
   Check to see if the most recent message looks a lot like the previous one.
   Return 0 if different, 1 if the new one should just replace it, or a
   value N > 1 if we should also append " [N times]".  */

static intmax_t
message_log_check_duplicate (ptrdiff_t prev_bol_byte, ptrdiff_t this_bol_byte)
{
  ptrdiff_t i;
  ptrdiff_t len = Z_BYTE - 1 - this_bol_byte;
  bool seen_dots = false;
  unsigned char *p1 = BUF_BYTE_ADDRESS (current_buffer, prev_bol_byte);
  unsigned char *p2 = BUF_BYTE_ADDRESS (current_buffer, this_bol_byte);

  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
      if (i >= 3 && p1[i - 3] == '.' && p1[i - 2] == '.' && p1[i - 1] == '.')
        seen_dots = true;
      if (p1[i] != p2[i])
        return seen_dots;
    }
  p1 += len;
  if (*p1 == '\n')
    return 2;
  if (*p1++ == ' ' && *p1++ == '[')
    {
      char *pend;
      intmax_t n = strtoimax ((char *) p1, &pend, 10);
      if (0 < n && n < INTMAX_MAX && strncmp (pend, " times]\n", 8) == 0)
        return n + 1;
    }
  return 0;
}
\f

/* Display an echo area message M with a specified length of NBYTES
   bytes.  The string may include null characters.  If M is not a
   string, clear out any existing message, and let the mini-buffer
   text show through.

   This function cancels echoing.  */

void
message3 (Lisp_Object m)
{
  clear_message (true, true);
  cancel_echoing ();

  /* First flush out any partial line written with print.  */
  message_log_maybe_newline ();
  if (STRINGP (m))
    {
      ptrdiff_t nbytes = SBYTES (m);
      bool multibyte = STRING_MULTIBYTE (m);
      char *buffer;
      USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;
      SAFE_ALLOCA_STRING (buffer, m);
      message_dolog (buffer, nbytes, true, multibyte);
      SAFE_FREE ();
    }
  if (! inhibit_message)
    message3_nolog (m);
}

/* Log the message M to stderr.  Log an empty line if M is not a string.  */

static void
message_to_stderr (Lisp_Object m)
{
  if (noninteractive_need_newline)
    {
      noninteractive_need_newline = false;
      fputc ('\n', stderr);
    }
  if (STRINGP (m))
    {
      Lisp_Object coding_system = Vlocale_coding_system;
      Lisp_Object s;

      if (!NILP (Vcoding_system_for_write))
        coding_system = Vcoding_system_for_write;
      if (!NILP (coding_system))
        s = code_convert_string_norecord (m, coding_system, true);
      else
        s = m;

      fwrite (SDATA (s), SBYTES (s), 1, stderr);
    }
  if (!cursor_in_echo_area)
    fputc ('\n', stderr);
  fflush (stderr);
}

/* The non-logging version of message3.
   This does not cancel echoing, because it is used for echoing.
   Perhaps we need to make a separate function for echoing
   and make this cancel echoing.  */

void
message3_nolog (Lisp_Object m)
{
  struct frame *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();

  if (FRAME_INITIAL_P (sf))
    message_to_stderr (m);
  /* Error messages get reported properly by cmd_error, so this must be just an
     informative message; if the frame hasn't really been initialized yet, just
     toss it.  */
  else if (INTERACTIVE && sf->glyphs_initialized_p)
    {
      /* Get the frame containing the mini-buffer
         that the selected frame is using.  */
      Lisp_Object mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (sf);
      Lisp_Object frame = XWINDOW (mini_window)->frame;
      struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);

      if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (sf) && !FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f))
        Fmake_frame_visible (frame);

      if (STRINGP (m) && SCHARS (m) > 0)
        {
          set_message (m);
          if (minibuffer_auto_raise)
            Fraise_frame (frame);
          /* Assume we are not echoing.
             (If we are, echo_now will override this.)  */
          echo_message_buffer = Qnil;
        }
      else
        clear_message (true, true);

      do_pending_window_change (false);
      echo_area_display (true);
      do_pending_window_change (false);
      if (FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->frame_up_to_date_hook)
        (*FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->frame_up_to_date_hook) (f);
    }
}


/* Display a null-terminated echo area message M.  If M is 0, clear
   out any existing message, and let the mini-buffer text show through.

   The buffer M must continue to exist until after the echo area gets
   cleared or some other message gets displayed there.  Do not pass
   text that is stored in a Lisp string.  Do not pass text in a buffer
   that was alloca'd.  */

void
message1 (const char *m)
{
  message3 (m ? build_unibyte_string (m) : Qnil);
}


/* The non-logging counterpart of message1.  */

void
message1_nolog (const char *m)
{
  message3_nolog (m ? build_unibyte_string (m) : Qnil);
}

/* Display a message M which contains a single %s
   which gets replaced with STRING.  */

void
message_with_string (const char *m, Lisp_Object string, bool log)
{
  CHECK_STRING (string);

  bool need_message;
  if (noninteractive)
    need_message = !!m;
  else if (!INTERACTIVE)
    need_message = false;
  else
    {
      /* The frame whose minibuffer we're going to display the message on.
         It may be larger than the selected frame, so we need
         to use its buffer, not the selected frame's buffer.  */
      Lisp_Object mini_window;
      struct frame *f, *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();

      /* Get the frame containing the minibuffer
         that the selected frame is using.  */
      mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (sf);
      f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));

      /* Error messages get reported properly by cmd_error, so this must be
         just an informative message; if the frame hasn't really been
         initialized yet, just toss it.  */
      need_message = f->glyphs_initialized_p;
    }

  if (need_message)
    {
      AUTO_STRING (fmt, m);
      Lisp_Object msg = CALLN (Fformat_message, fmt, string);

      if (noninteractive)
        message_to_stderr (msg);
      else
        {
          if (log)
            message3 (msg);
          else
            message3_nolog (msg);

          /* Print should start at the beginning of the message
             buffer next time.  */
          message_buf_print = false;
        }
    }
}


/* Dump an informative message to the minibuf.  If M is 0, clear out
   any existing message, and let the mini-buffer text show through.

   The message must be safe ASCII (because when Emacs is
   non-interactive the message is sent straight to stderr without
   encoding first) and the format must not contain ` or ' (because
   this function does not account for `text-quoting-style').  If your
   message and format do not fit into this category, convert your
   arguments to Lisp objects and use Fmessage instead.  */

static void ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT_PRINTF (1, 0)
vmessage (const char *m, va_list ap)
{
  if (noninteractive)
    {
      if (m)
        {
          if (noninteractive_need_newline)
            putc ('\n', stderr);
          noninteractive_need_newline = false;
          vfprintf (stderr, m, ap);
          if (!cursor_in_echo_area)
            fprintf (stderr, "\n");
          fflush (stderr);
        }
    }
  else if (INTERACTIVE)
    {
      /* The frame whose mini-buffer we're going to display the message
         on.  It may be larger than the selected frame, so we need to
         use its buffer, not the selected frame's buffer.  */
      Lisp_Object mini_window;
      struct frame *f, *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();

      /* Get the frame containing the mini-buffer
         that the selected frame is using.  */
      mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (sf);
      f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));

      /* Error messages get reported properly by cmd_error, so this must be
         just an informative message; if the frame hasn't really been
         initialized yet, just toss it.  */
      if (f->glyphs_initialized_p)
        {
          if (m)
            {
              ptrdiff_t len;
              ptrdiff_t maxsize = FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF_SIZE (f);
              USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;
              char *message_buf = SAFE_ALLOCA (maxsize + 1);

              len = doprnt (message_buf, maxsize, m, 0, ap);

              message3 (make_string (message_buf, len));
              SAFE_FREE ();
            }
          else
            message1 (0);

          /* Print should start at the beginning of the message
             buffer next time.  */
          message_buf_print = false;
        }
    }
}

/* See vmessage for restrictions on the text of the message.  */
void
message (const char *m, ...)
{
  va_list ap;
  va_start (ap, m);
  vmessage (m, ap);
  va_end (ap);
}


/* Display the current message in the current mini-buffer.  This is
   only called from error handlers in process.c, and is not time
   critical.  */

void
update_echo_area (void)
{
  if (!NILP (echo_area_buffer[0]))
    {
      Lisp_Object string;
      string = Fcurrent_message ();
      message3 (string);
    }
}


/* Make sure echo area buffers in `echo_buffers' are live.
   If they aren't, make new ones.  */

static void
ensure_echo_area_buffers (void)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
    if (!BUFFERP (echo_buffer[i])
        || !BUFFER_LIVE_P (XBUFFER (echo_buffer[i])))
      {
        Lisp_Object old_buffer = echo_buffer[i];
        static char const name_fmt[] = " *Echo Area %d*";
        char name[sizeof name_fmt + INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int)];
        AUTO_STRING_WITH_LEN (lname, name, sprintf (name, name_fmt, i));
        echo_buffer[i] = Fget_buffer_create (lname);
        bset_truncate_lines (XBUFFER (echo_buffer[i]), Qnil);
        /* to force word wrap in echo area -
           it was decided to postpone this*/
        /* XBUFFER (echo_buffer[i])->word_wrap = Qt; */

        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
          if (EQ (old_buffer, echo_area_buffer[j]))
            echo_area_buffer[j] = echo_buffer[i];
      }
}


/* Call FN with args A1..A2 with either the current or last displayed
   echo_area_buffer as current buffer.

   WHICH zero means use the current message buffer
   echo_area_buffer[0].  If that is nil, choose a suitable buffer
   from echo_buffer[] and clear it.

   WHICH > 0 means use echo_area_buffer[1].  If that is nil, choose a
   suitable buffer from echo_buffer[] and clear it.

   If WHICH < 0, set echo_area_buffer[1] to echo_area_buffer[0], so
   that the current message becomes the last displayed one, choose a
   suitable buffer for echo_area_buffer[0], and clear it.

   Value is what FN returns.  */

static bool
with_echo_area_buffer (struct window *w, int which,
                       bool (*fn) (ptrdiff_t, Lisp_Object),
                       ptrdiff_t a1, Lisp_Object a2)
{
  Lisp_Object buffer;
  bool this_one, the_other, clear_buffer_p, rc;
  ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

  /* If buffers aren't live, make new ones.  */
  ensure_echo_area_buffers ();

  clear_buffer_p = false;

  if (which == 0)
    this_one = false, the_other = true;
  else if (which > 0)
    this_one = true, the_other = false;
  else
    {
      this_one = false, the_other = true;
      clear_buffer_p = true;

      /* We need a fresh one in case the current echo buffer equals
         the one containing the last displayed echo area message.  */
      if (!NILP (echo_area_buffer[this_one])
          && EQ (echo_area_buffer[this_one], echo_area_buffer[the_other]))
        echo_area_buffer[this_one] = Qnil;
    }

  /* Choose a suitable buffer from echo_buffer[] if we don't
     have one.  */
  if (NILP (echo_area_buffer[this_one]))
    {
      echo_area_buffer[this_one]
        = (EQ (echo_area_buffer[the_other], echo_buffer[this_one])
           ? echo_buffer[the_other]
           : echo_buffer[this_one]);
      clear_buffer_p = true;
    }

  buffer = echo_area_buffer[this_one];

  /* Don't get confused by reusing the buffer used for echoing
     for a different purpose.  */
  if (echo_kboard == NULL && EQ (buffer, echo_message_buffer))
    cancel_echoing ();

  record_unwind_protect (unwind_with_echo_area_buffer,
                         with_echo_area_buffer_unwind_data (w));

  /* Make the echo area buffer current.  Note that for display
     purposes, it is not necessary that the displayed window's buffer
     == current_buffer, except for text property lookup.  So, let's
     only set that buffer temporarily here without doing a full
     Fset_window_buffer.  We must also change w->pointm, though,
     because otherwise an assertions in unshow_buffer fails, and Emacs
     aborts.  */
  set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (buffer));
  if (w)
    {
      wset_buffer (w, buffer);
      set_marker_both (w->pointm, buffer, BEG, BEG_BYTE);
      set_marker_both (w->old_pointm, buffer, BEG, BEG_BYTE);
    }

  bset_undo_list (current_buffer, Qt);
  bset_read_only (current_buffer, Qnil);
  specbind (Qinhibit_read_only, Qt);
  specbind (Qinhibit_modification_hooks, Qt);

  if (clear_buffer_p && Z > BEG)
    del_range (BEG, Z);

  eassert (BEGV >= BEG);
  eassert (ZV <= Z && ZV >= BEGV);

  rc = fn (a1, a2);

  eassert (BEGV >= BEG);
  eassert (ZV <= Z && ZV >= BEGV);

  unbind_to (count, Qnil);
  return rc;
}


/* Save state that should be preserved around the call to the function
   FN called in with_echo_area_buffer.  */

static Lisp_Object
with_echo_area_buffer_unwind_data (struct window *w)
{
  int i = 0;
  Lisp_Object vector, tmp;

  /* Reduce consing by keeping one vector in
     Vwith_echo_area_save_vector.  */
  vector = Vwith_echo_area_save_vector;
  Vwith_echo_area_save_vector = Qnil;

  if (NILP (vector))
    vector = Fmake_vector (make_number (11), Qnil);

  XSETBUFFER (tmp, current_buffer); ASET (vector, i, tmp); ++i;
  ASET (vector, i, Vdeactivate_mark); ++i;
  ASET (vector, i, make_number (windows_or_buffers_changed)); ++i;

  if (w)
    {
      XSETWINDOW (tmp, w); ASET (vector, i, tmp); ++i;
      ASET (vector, i, w->contents); ++i;
      ASET (vector, i, make_number (marker_position (w->pointm))); ++i;
      ASET (vector, i, make_number (marker_byte_position (w->pointm))); ++i;
      ASET (vector, i, make_number (marker_position (w->old_pointm))); ++i;
      ASET (vector, i, make_number (marker_byte_position (w->old_pointm))); ++i;
      ASET (vector, i, make_number (marker_position (w->start))); ++i;
      ASET (vector, i, make_number (marker_byte_position (w->start))); ++i;
    }
  else
    {
      int end = i + 8;
      for (; i < end; ++i)
        ASET (vector, i, Qnil);
    }

  eassert (i == ASIZE (vector));
  return vector;
}


/* Restore global state from VECTOR which was created by
   with_echo_area_buffer_unwind_data.  */

static void
unwind_with_echo_area_buffer (Lisp_Object vector)
{
  set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (AREF (vector, 0)));
  Vdeactivate_mark = AREF (vector, 1);
  windows_or_buffers_changed = XFASTINT (AREF (vector, 2));

  if (WINDOWP (AREF (vector, 3)))
    {
      struct window *w;
      Lisp_Object buffer;

      w = XWINDOW (AREF (vector, 3));
      buffer = AREF (vector, 4);

      wset_buffer (w, buffer);
      set_marker_both (w->pointm, buffer,
                       XFASTINT (AREF (vector, 5)),
                       XFASTINT (AREF (vector, 6)));
      set_marker_both (w->old_pointm, buffer,
                       XFASTINT (AREF (vector, 7)),
                       XFASTINT (AREF (vector, 8)));
      set_marker_both (w->start, buffer,
                       XFASTINT (AREF (vector, 9)),
                       XFASTINT (AREF (vector, 10)));
    }

  Vwith_echo_area_save_vector = vector;
}


/* Set up the echo area for use by print functions.  MULTIBYTE_P
   means we will print multibyte.  */

void
setup_echo_area_for_printing (bool multibyte_p)
{
  /* If we can't find an echo area any more, exit.  */
  if (! FRAME_LIVE_P (XFRAME (selected_frame)))
    Fkill_emacs (Qnil);

  ensure_echo_area_buffers ();

  if (!message_buf_print)
    {
      /* A message has been output since the last time we printed.
         Choose a fresh echo area buffer.  */
      if (EQ (echo_area_buffer[1], echo_buffer[0]))
        echo_area_buffer[0] = echo_buffer[1];
      else
        echo_area_buffer[0] = echo_buffer[0];

      /* Switch to that buffer and clear it.  */
      set_buffer_internal (XBUFFER (echo_area_buffer[0]));
      bset_truncate_lines (current_buffer, Qnil);

      if (Z > BEG)
        {
          ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
          specbind (Qinhibit_read_only, Qt);
          /* Note that undo recording is always disabled.  */
          del_range (BEG, Z);
          unbind_to (count, Qnil);
        }
      TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (BEG, BEG_BYTE);

      /* Set up the buffer for the multibyteness we need.  We always
         set it to be multibyte, except when
         unibyte-display-via-language-environment is non-nil and the
         buffer from which we are called is unibyte, because in that
         case unibyte characters should not be displayed as octal
         escapes.  */
      if (unibyte_display_via_language_environment
          && !multibyte_p
          && !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)))
        Fset_buffer_multibyte (Qnil);
      else if (NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)))
        Fset_buffer_multibyte (Qt);

      /* Raise the frame containing the echo area.  */
      if (minibuffer_auto_raise)
        {
          struct frame *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();
          Lisp_Object mini_window;
          mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (sf);
          Fraise_frame  (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));
        }

      message_log_maybe_newline ();
      message_buf_print = true;
    }
  else
    {
      if (NILP (echo_area_buffer[0]))
        {
          if (EQ (echo_area_buffer[1], echo_buffer[0]))
            echo_area_buffer[0] = echo_buffer[1];
          else
            echo_area_buffer[0] = echo_buffer[0];
        }

      if (current_buffer != XBUFFER (echo_area_buffer[0]))
        {
          /* Someone switched buffers between print requests.  */
          set_buffer_internal (XBUFFER (echo_area_buffer[0]));
          bset_truncate_lines (current_buffer, Qnil);
        }
    }
}


/* Display an echo area message in window W.  Value is true if W's
   height is changed.  If display_last_displayed_message_p,
   display the message that was last displayed, otherwise
   display the current message.  */

static bool
display_echo_area (struct window *w)
{
  bool no_message_p, window_height_changed_p;

  /* Temporarily disable garbage collections while displaying the echo
     area.  This is done because a GC can print a message itself.
     That message would modify the echo area buffer's contents while a
     redisplay of the buffer is going on, and seriously confuse
     redisplay.  */
  ptrdiff_t count = inhibit_garbage_collection ();

  /* If there is no message, we must call display_echo_area_1
     nevertheless because it resizes the window.  But we will have to
     reset the echo_area_buffer in question to nil at the end because
     with_echo_area_buffer will sets it to an empty buffer.  */
  bool i = display_last_displayed_message_p;
  /* According to the C99, C11 and C++11 standards, the integral value
     of a "bool" is always 0 or 1, so this array access is safe here,
     if oddly typed. */
  no_message_p = NILP (echo_area_buffer[i]);

  window_height_changed_p
    = with_echo_area_buffer (w, display_last_displayed_message_p,
                             display_echo_area_1,
                             (intptr_t) w, Qnil);

  if (no_message_p)
    echo_area_buffer[i] = Qnil;

  unbind_to (count, Qnil);
  return window_height_changed_p;
}


/* Helper for display_echo_area.  Display the current buffer which
   contains the current echo area message in window W, a mini-window,
   a pointer to which is passed in A1.  A2..A4 are currently not used.
   Change the height of W so that all of the message is displayed.
   Value is true if height of W was changed.  */

static bool
display_echo_area_1 (ptrdiff_t a1, Lisp_Object a2)
{
  intptr_t i1 = a1;
  struct window *w = (struct window *) i1;
  Lisp_Object window;
  struct text_pos start;

  /* We are about to enter redisplay without going through
     redisplay_internal, so we need to forget these faces by hand
     here.  */
  forget_escape_and_glyphless_faces ();

  /* Do this before displaying, so that we have a large enough glyph
     matrix for the display.  If we can't get enough space for the
     whole text, display the last N lines.  That works by setting w->start.  */
  bool window_height_changed_p = resize_mini_window (w, false);

  /* Use the starting position chosen by resize_mini_window.  */
  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (start, w->start);

  /* Display.  */
  clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
  XSETWINDOW (window, w);
  try_window (window, start, 0);

  return window_height_changed_p;
}


/* Resize the echo area window to exactly the size needed for the
   currently displayed message, if there is one.  If a mini-buffer
   is active, don't shrink it.  */

void
resize_echo_area_exactly (void)
{
  if (BUFFERP (echo_area_buffer[0])
      && WINDOWP (echo_area_window))
    {
      struct window *w = XWINDOW (echo_area_window);
      Lisp_Object resize_exactly = (minibuf_level == 0 ? Qt : Qnil);
      bool resized_p = with_echo_area_buffer (w, 0, resize_mini_window_1,
                                              (intptr_t) w, resize_exactly);
      if (resized_p)
        {
          windows_or_buffers_changed = 42;
          update_mode_lines = 30;
          redisplay_internal ();
        }
    }
}


/* Callback function for with_echo_area_buffer, when used from
   resize_echo_area_exactly.  A1 contains a pointer to the window to
   resize, EXACTLY non-nil means resize the mini-window exactly to the
   size of the text displayed.  A3 and A4 are not used.  Value is what
   resize_mini_window returns.  */

static bool
resize_mini_window_1 (ptrdiff_t a1, Lisp_Object exactly)
{
  intptr_t i1 = a1;
  return resize_mini_window ((struct window *) i1, !NILP (exactly));
}


/* Resize mini-window W to fit the size of its contents.  EXACT_P
   means size the window exactly to the size needed.  Otherwise, it's
   only enlarged until W's buffer is empty.

   Set W->start to the right place to begin display.  If the whole
   contents fit, start at the beginning.  Otherwise, start so as
   to make the end of the contents appear.  This is particularly
   important for y-or-n-p, but seems desirable generally.

   Value is true if the window height has been changed.  */

bool
resize_mini_window (struct window *w, bool exact_p)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  bool window_height_changed_p = false;

  eassert (MINI_WINDOW_P (w));

  /* By default, start display at the beginning.  */
  set_marker_both (w->start, w->contents,
                   BUF_BEGV (XBUFFER (w->contents)),
                   BUF_BEGV_BYTE (XBUFFER (w->contents)));

  /* Don't resize windows while redisplaying a window; it would
     confuse redisplay functions when the size of the window they are
     displaying changes from under them.  Such a resizing can happen,
     for instance, when which-func prints a long message while
     we are running fontification-functions.  We're running these
     functions with safe_call which binds inhibit-redisplay to t.  */
  if (!NILP (Vinhibit_redisplay))
    return false;

  /* Nil means don't try to resize.  */
  if (NILP (Vresize_mini_windows)
      || (FRAME_X_P (f) && FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f) == NULL))
    return false;

  if (!FRAME_MINIBUF_ONLY_P (f))
    {
      struct it it;
      int total_height = (WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (XWINDOW (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f)))
                          + WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w));
      int unit = FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f);
      int height, max_height;
      struct text_pos start;
      struct buffer *old_current_buffer = NULL;

      if (current_buffer != XBUFFER (w->contents))
        {
          old_current_buffer = current_buffer;
          set_buffer_internal (XBUFFER (w->contents));
        }

      init_iterator (&it, w, BEGV, BEGV_BYTE, NULL, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);

      /* Compute the max. number of lines specified by the user.  */
      if (FLOATP (Vmax_mini_window_height))
        max_height = XFLOAT_DATA (Vmax_mini_window_height) * total_height;
      else if (INTEGERP (Vmax_mini_window_height))
        max_height = XINT (Vmax_mini_window_height) * unit;
      else
        max_height = total_height / 4;

      /* Correct that max. height if it's bogus.  */
      max_height = clip_to_bounds (unit, max_height, total_height);

      /* Find out the height of the text in the window.  */
      if (it.line_wrap == TRUNCATE)
        height = unit;
      else
        {
          last_height = 0;
          move_it_to (&it, ZV, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
          if (it.max_ascent == 0 && it.max_descent == 0)
            height = it.current_y + last_height;
          else
            height = it.current_y + it.max_ascent + it.max_descent;
          height -= min (it.extra_line_spacing, it.max_extra_line_spacing);
        }

      /* Compute a suitable window start.  */
      if (height > max_height)
        {
          height = (max_height / unit) * unit;
          init_iterator (&it, w, ZV, ZV_BYTE, NULL, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
          move_it_vertically_backward (&it, height - unit);
          start = it.current.pos;
        }
      else
        SET_TEXT_POS (start, BEGV, BEGV_BYTE);
      SET_MARKER_FROM_TEXT_POS (w->start, start);

      if (EQ (Vresize_mini_windows, Qgrow_only))
        {
          /* Let it grow only, until we display an empty message, in which
             case the window shrinks again.  */
          if (height > WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w))
            {
              int old_height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w);

              FRAME_WINDOWS_FROZEN (f) = true;
              grow_mini_window (w, height - WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w), true);
              window_height_changed_p = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w) != old_height;
            }
          else if (height < WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w)
                   && (exact_p || BEGV == ZV))
            {
              int old_height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w);

              FRAME_WINDOWS_FROZEN (f) = false;
              shrink_mini_window (w, true);
              window_height_changed_p = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w) != old_height;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* Always resize to exact size needed.  */
          if (height > WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w))
            {
              int old_height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w);

              FRAME_WINDOWS_FROZEN (f) = true;
              grow_mini_window (w, height - WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w), true);
              window_height_changed_p = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w) != old_height;
            }
          else if (height < WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w))
            {
              int old_height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w);

              FRAME_WINDOWS_FROZEN (f) = false;
              shrink_mini_window (w, true);

              if (height)
                {
                  FRAME_WINDOWS_FROZEN (f) = true;
                  grow_mini_window (w, height - WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w), true);
                }

              window_height_changed_p = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w) != old_height;
            }
        }

      if (old_current_buffer)
        set_buffer_internal (old_current_buffer);
    }

  return window_height_changed_p;
}


/* Value is the current message, a string, or nil if there is no
   current message.  */

Lisp_Object
current_message (void)
{
  Lisp_Object msg;

  if (!BUFFERP (echo_area_buffer[0]))
    msg = Qnil;
  else
    {
      with_echo_area_buffer (0, 0, current_message_1,
                             (intptr_t) &msg, Qnil);
      if (NILP (msg))
        echo_area_buffer[0] = Qnil;
    }

  return msg;
}


static bool
current_message_1 (ptrdiff_t a1, Lisp_Object a2)
{
  intptr_t i1 = a1;
  Lisp_Object *msg = (Lisp_Object *) i1;

  if (Z > BEG)
    *msg = make_buffer_string (BEG, Z, true);
  else
    *msg = Qnil;
  return false;
}


/* Push the current message on Vmessage_stack for later restoration
   by restore_message.  Value is true if the current message isn't
   empty.  This is a relatively infrequent operation, so it's not
   worth optimizing.  */

bool
push_message (void)
{
  Lisp_Object msg = current_message ();
  Vmessage_stack = Fcons (msg, Vmessage_stack);
  return STRINGP (msg);
}


/* Restore message display from the top of Vmessage_stack.  */

void
restore_message (void)
{
  eassert (CONSP (Vmessage_stack));
  message3_nolog (XCAR (Vmessage_stack));
}


/* Handler for unwind-protect calling pop_message.  */

void
pop_message_unwind (void)
{
  /* Pop the top-most entry off Vmessage_stack.  */
  eassert (CONSP (Vmessage_stack));
  Vmessage_stack = XCDR (Vmessage_stack);
}


/* Check that Vmessage_stack is nil.  Called from emacs.c when Emacs
   exits.  If the stack is not empty, we have a missing pop_message
   somewhere.  */

void
check_message_stack (void)
{
  if (!NILP (Vmessage_stack))
    emacs_abort ();
}


/* Truncate to NCHARS what will be displayed in the echo area the next
   time we display it---but don't redisplay it now.  */

void
truncate_echo_area (ptrdiff_t nchars)
{
  if (nchars == 0)
    echo_area_buffer[0] = Qnil;
  else if (!noninteractive
           && INTERACTIVE
           && !NILP (echo_area_buffer[0]))
    {
      struct frame *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();
      /* Error messages get reported properly by cmd_error, so this must be
         just an informative message; if the frame hasn't really been
         initialized yet, just toss it.  */
      if (sf->glyphs_initialized_p)
        with_echo_area_buffer (0, 0, truncate_message_1, nchars, Qnil);
    }
}


/* Helper function for truncate_echo_area.  Truncate the current
   message to at most NCHARS characters.  */

static bool
truncate_message_1 (ptrdiff_t nchars, Lisp_Object a2)
{
  if (BEG + nchars < Z)
    del_range (BEG + nchars, Z);
  if (Z == BEG)
    echo_area_buffer[0] = Qnil;
  return false;
}

/* Set the current message to STRING.  */

static void
set_message (Lisp_Object string)
{
  eassert (STRINGP (string));

  message_enable_multibyte = STRING_MULTIBYTE (string);

  with_echo_area_buffer (0, -1, set_message_1, 0, string);
  message_buf_print = false;
  help_echo_showing_p = false;

  if (STRINGP (Vdebug_on_message)
      && STRINGP (string)
      && fast_string_match (Vdebug_on_message, string) >= 0)
    call_debugger (list2 (Qerror, string));
}


/* Helper function for set_message.  First argument is ignored and second
   argument has the same meaning as for set_message.
   This function is called with the echo area buffer being current.  */

static bool
set_message_1 (ptrdiff_t a1, Lisp_Object string)
{
  eassert (STRINGP (string));

  /* Change multibyteness of the echo buffer appropriately.  We always
     set it to be multibyte, except when
     unibyte-display-via-language-environment is non-nil and the
     string to display is unibyte, because in that case unibyte
     characters should not be displayed as octal escapes.  */
  if (!message_enable_multibyte
      && unibyte_display_via_language_environment
      && !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)))
    Fset_buffer_multibyte (Qnil);
  else if (NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters)))
    Fset_buffer_multibyte (Qt);

  bset_truncate_lines (current_buffer, message_truncate_lines ? Qt : Qnil);
  if (!NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, bidi_display_reordering)))
    bset_bidi_paragraph_direction (current_buffer, Qleft_to_right);

  /* Insert new message at BEG.  */
  TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (BEG, BEG_BYTE);

  /* This function takes care of single/multibyte conversion.
     We just have to ensure that the echo area buffer has the right
     setting of enable_multibyte_characters.  */
  insert_from_string (string, 0, 0, SCHARS (string), SBYTES (string), true);

  return false;
}


/* Clear messages.  CURRENT_P means clear the current message.
   LAST_DISPLAYED_P means clear the message last displayed.  */

void
clear_message (bool current_p, bool last_displayed_p)
{
  if (current_p)
    {
      echo_area_buffer[0] = Qnil;
      message_cleared_p = true;
    }

  if (last_displayed_p)
    echo_area_buffer[1] = Qnil;

  message_buf_print = false;
}

/* Clear garbaged frames.

   This function is used where the old redisplay called
   redraw_garbaged_frames which in turn called redraw_frame which in
   turn called clear_frame.  The call to clear_frame was a source of
   flickering.  I believe a clear_frame is not necessary.  It should
   suffice in the new redisplay to invalidate all current matrices,
   and ensure a complete redisplay of all windows.  */

static void
clear_garbaged_frames (void)
{
  if (frame_garbaged)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;
      struct frame *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);

          if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f) && FRAME_GARBAGED_P (f))
            {
              if (f->resized_p
                  /* It makes no sense to redraw a non-selected TTY
                     frame, since that will actually clear the
                     selected frame, and might leave the selected
                     frame with corrupted display, if it happens not
                     to be marked garbaged.  */
                  && !(f != sf && (FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f) || FRAME_MSDOS_P (f))))
                redraw_frame (f);
              else
                clear_current_matrices (f);

#if defined (HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM) && !defined (HAVE_NS)
              x_clear_under_internal_border (f);
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM && !HAVE_NS */

              fset_redisplay (f);
              f->garbaged = false;
              f->resized_p = false;
            }
        }

      frame_garbaged = false;
    }
}


/* Redisplay the echo area of the selected frame.  If UPDATE_FRAME_P, update
   selected_frame.  */

static void
echo_area_display (bool update_frame_p)
{
  Lisp_Object mini_window;
  struct window *w;
  struct frame *f;
  bool window_height_changed_p = false;
  struct frame *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();

  mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (sf);
  if (NILP (mini_window))
    return;

  w = XWINDOW (mini_window);
  f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));

  /* Don't display if frame is invisible or not yet initialized.  */
  if (!FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f) || !f->glyphs_initialized_p)
    return;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* When Emacs starts, selected_frame may be the initial terminal
     frame.  If we let this through, a message would be displayed on
     the terminal.  */
  if (FRAME_INITIAL_P (XFRAME (selected_frame)))
    return;
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

  /* Redraw garbaged frames.  */
  clear_garbaged_frames ();

  if (!NILP (echo_area_buffer[0]) || minibuf_level == 0)
    {
      echo_area_window = mini_window;
      window_height_changed_p = display_echo_area (w);
      w->must_be_updated_p = true;

      /* Update the display, unless called from redisplay_internal.
         Also don't update the screen during redisplay itself.  The
         update will happen at the end of redisplay, and an update
         here could cause confusion.  */
      if (update_frame_p && !redisplaying_p)
        {
          int n = 0;

          /* If the display update has been interrupted by pending
             input, update mode lines in the frame.  Due to the
             pending input, it might have been that redisplay hasn't
             been called, so that mode lines above the echo area are
             garbaged.  This looks odd, so we prevent it here.  */
          if (!display_completed)
            {
              n = redisplay_mode_lines (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f), false);

#if defined (HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM) && !defined (HAVE_NS)
              x_clear_under_internal_border (f);
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM && !HAVE_NS */

            }

          if (window_height_changed_p
              /* Don't do this if Emacs is shutting down.  Redisplay
                 needs to run hooks.  */
              && !NILP (Vrun_hooks))
            {
              /* Must update other windows.  Likewise as in other
                 cases, don't let this update be interrupted by
                 pending input.  */
              ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
              specbind (Qredisplay_dont_pause, Qt);
              fset_redisplay (f);
              redisplay_internal ();
              unbind_to (count, Qnil);
            }
          else if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) && n == 0)
            {
              /* Window configuration is the same as before.
                 Can do with a display update of the echo area,
                 unless we displayed some mode lines.  */
              update_single_window (w);
              flush_frame (f);
            }
          else
            update_frame (f, true, true);

          /* If cursor is in the echo area, make sure that the next
             redisplay displays the minibuffer, so that the cursor will
             be replaced with what the minibuffer wants.  */
          if (cursor_in_echo_area)
            wset_redisplay (XWINDOW (mini_window));
        }
    }
  else if (!EQ (mini_window, selected_window))
    wset_redisplay (XWINDOW (mini_window));

  /* Last displayed message is now the current message.  */
  echo_area_buffer[1] = echo_area_buffer[0];
  /* Inform read_char that we're not echoing.  */
  echo_message_buffer = Qnil;

  /* Prevent redisplay optimization in redisplay_internal by resetting
     this_line_start_pos.  This is done because the mini-buffer now
     displays the message instead of its buffer text.  */
  if (EQ (mini_window, selected_window))
    CHARPOS (this_line_start_pos) = 0;

  if (window_height_changed_p)
    {
      fset_redisplay (f);

      /* If window configuration was changed, frames may have been
         marked garbaged.  Clear them or we will experience
         surprises wrt scrolling.
         FIXME: How/why/when?  */
      clear_garbaged_frames ();
    }
}

/* True if W's buffer was changed but not saved.  */

static bool
window_buffer_changed (struct window *w)
{
  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);

  eassert (BUFFER_LIVE_P (b));

  return (BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b) < BUF_MODIFF (b)) != w->last_had_star;
}

/* True if W has %c or %C in its mode line and mode line should be updated.  */

static bool
mode_line_update_needed (struct window *w)
{
  return (w->column_number_displayed != -1
          && !(PT == w->last_point && !window_outdated (w))
          && (w->column_number_displayed != current_column ()));
}

/* True if window start of W is frozen and may not be changed during
   redisplay.  */

static bool
window_frozen_p (struct window *w)
{
  if (FRAME_WINDOWS_FROZEN (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w))))
    {
      Lisp_Object window;

      XSETWINDOW (window, w);
      if (MINI_WINDOW_P (w))
        return false;
      else if (EQ (window, selected_window))
        return false;
      else if (MINI_WINDOW_P (XWINDOW (selected_window))
               && EQ (window, Vminibuf_scroll_window))
        /* This special window can't be frozen too.  */
        return false;
      else
        return true;
    }
  return false;
}

/***********************************************************************
                     Mode Lines and Frame Titles
 ***********************************************************************/

/* A buffer for constructing non-propertized mode-line strings and
   frame titles in it; allocated from the heap in init_xdisp and
   resized as needed in store_mode_line_noprop_char.  */

static char *mode_line_noprop_buf;

/* The buffer's end, and a current output position in it.  */

static char *mode_line_noprop_buf_end;
static char *mode_line_noprop_ptr;

#define MODE_LINE_NOPROP_LEN(start) \
  ((mode_line_noprop_ptr - mode_line_noprop_buf) - start)

static enum {
  MODE_LINE_DISPLAY = 0,
  MODE_LINE_TITLE,
  MODE_LINE_NOPROP,
  MODE_LINE_STRING
} mode_line_target;

/* Alist that caches the results of :propertize.
   Each element is (PROPERTIZED-STRING . PROPERTY-LIST).  */
static Lisp_Object mode_line_proptrans_alist;

/* List of strings making up the mode-line.  */
static Lisp_Object mode_line_string_list;

/* Base face property when building propertized mode line string.  */
static Lisp_Object mode_line_string_face;
static Lisp_Object mode_line_string_face_prop;


/* Unwind data for mode line strings */

static Lisp_Object Vmode_line_unwind_vector;

static Lisp_Object
format_mode_line_unwind_data (struct frame *target_frame,
                              struct buffer *obuf,
                              Lisp_Object owin,
                              bool save_proptrans)
{
  Lisp_Object vector, tmp;

  /* Reduce consing by keeping one vector in
     Vwith_echo_area_save_vector.  */
  vector = Vmode_line_unwind_vector;
  Vmode_line_unwind_vector = Qnil;

  if (NILP (vector))
    vector = Fmake_vector (make_number (10), Qnil);

  ASET (vector, 0, make_number (mode_line_target));
  ASET (vector, 1, make_number (MODE_LINE_NOPROP_LEN (0)));
  ASET (vector, 2, mode_line_string_list);
  ASET (vector, 3, save_proptrans ? mode_line_proptrans_alist : Qt);
  ASET (vector, 4, mode_line_string_face);
  ASET (vector, 5, mode_line_string_face_prop);

  if (obuf)
    XSETBUFFER (tmp, obuf);
  else
    tmp = Qnil;
  ASET (vector, 6, tmp);
  ASET (vector, 7, owin);
  if (target_frame)
    {
      /* Similarly to `with-selected-window', if the operation selects
         a window on another frame, we must restore that frame's
         selected window, and (for a tty) the top-frame.  */
      ASET (vector, 8, target_frame->selected_window);
      if (FRAME_TERMCAP_P (target_frame))
        ASET (vector, 9, FRAME_TTY (target_frame)->top_frame);
    }

  return vector;
}

static void
unwind_format_mode_line (Lisp_Object vector)
{
  Lisp_Object old_window = AREF (vector, 7);
  Lisp_Object target_frame_window = AREF (vector, 8);
  Lisp_Object old_top_frame = AREF (vector, 9);

  mode_line_target = XINT (AREF (vector, 0));
  mode_line_noprop_ptr = mode_line_noprop_buf + XINT (AREF (vector, 1));
  mode_line_string_list = AREF (vector, 2);
  if (! EQ (AREF (vector, 3), Qt))
    mode_line_proptrans_alist = AREF (vector, 3);
  mode_line_string_face = AREF (vector, 4);
  mode_line_string_face_prop = AREF (vector, 5);

  /* Select window before buffer, since it may change the buffer.  */
  if (!NILP (old_window))
    {
      /* If the operation that we are unwinding had selected a window
         on a different frame, reset its frame-selected-window.  For a
         text terminal, reset its top-frame if necessary.  */
      if (!NILP (target_frame_window))
        {
          Lisp_Object frame
            = WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (target_frame_window));

          if (!EQ (frame, WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (old_window))))
            Fselect_window (target_frame_window, Qt);

          if (!NILP (old_top_frame) && !EQ (old_top_frame, frame))
            Fselect_frame (old_top_frame, Qt);
        }

      Fselect_window (old_window, Qt);
    }

  if (!NILP (AREF (vector, 6)))
    {
      set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (AREF (vector, 6)));
      ASET (vector, 6, Qnil);
    }

  Vmode_line_unwind_vector = vector;
}


/* Store a single character C for the frame title in mode_line_noprop_buf.
   Re-allocate mode_line_noprop_buf if necessary.  */

static void
store_mode_line_noprop_char (char c)
{
  /* If output position has reached the end of the allocated buffer,
     increase the buffer's size.  */
  if (mode_line_noprop_ptr == mode_line_noprop_buf_end)
    {
      ptrdiff_t len = MODE_LINE_NOPROP_LEN (0);
      ptrdiff_t size = len;
      mode_line_noprop_buf =
        xpalloc (mode_line_noprop_buf, &size, 1, STRING_BYTES_BOUND, 1);
      mode_line_noprop_buf_end = mode_line_noprop_buf + size;
      mode_line_noprop_ptr = mode_line_noprop_buf + len;
    }

  *mode_line_noprop_ptr++ = c;
}


/* Store part of a frame title in mode_line_noprop_buf, beginning at
   mode_line_noprop_ptr.  STRING is the string to store.  Do not copy
   characters that yield more columns than PRECISION; PRECISION <= 0
   means copy the whole string.  Pad with spaces until FIELD_WIDTH
   number of characters have been copied; FIELD_WIDTH <= 0 means don't
   pad.  Called from display_mode_element when it is used to build a
   frame title.  */

static int
store_mode_line_noprop (const char *string, int field_width, int precision)
{
  const unsigned char *str = (const unsigned char *) string;
  int n = 0;
  ptrdiff_t dummy, nbytes;

  /* Copy at most PRECISION chars from STR.  */
  nbytes = strlen (string);
  n += c_string_width (str, nbytes, precision, &dummy, &nbytes);
  while (nbytes--)
    store_mode_line_noprop_char (*str++);

  /* Fill up with spaces until FIELD_WIDTH reached.  */
  while (field_width > 0
         && n < field_width)
    {
      store_mode_line_noprop_char (' ');
      ++n;
    }

  return n;
}

/***********************************************************************
                             Frame Titles
 ***********************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Set the title of FRAME, if it has changed.  The title format is
   Vicon_title_format if FRAME is iconified, otherwise it is
   frame_title_format.  */

static void
x_consider_frame_title (Lisp_Object frame)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);

  if ((FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
       || FRAME_MINIBUF_ONLY_P (f)
       || f->explicit_name)
      && !FRAME_TOOLTIP_P (f))
    {
      /* Do we have more than one visible frame on this X display?  */
      Lisp_Object tail, other_frame, fmt;
      ptrdiff_t title_start;
      char *title;
      ptrdiff_t len;
      struct it it;
      ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, other_frame)
        {
          struct frame *tf = XFRAME (other_frame);

          if (tf != f
              && FRAME_KBOARD (tf) == FRAME_KBOARD (f)
              && !FRAME_MINIBUF_ONLY_P (tf)
              && !FRAME_PARENT_FRAME (tf)
              && !FRAME_TOOLTIP_P (tf)
              && (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (tf) || FRAME_ICONIFIED_P (tf)))
            break;
        }

      /* Set global variable indicating that multiple frames exist.  */
      multiple_frames = CONSP (tail);

      /* Switch to the buffer of selected window of the frame.  Set up
         mode_line_target so that display_mode_element will output into
         mode_line_noprop_buf; then display the title.  */
      record_unwind_protect (unwind_format_mode_line,
                             format_mode_line_unwind_data
                               (f, current_buffer, selected_window, false));
      /* select-frame calls resize_mini_window, which could resize the
         mini-window and by that undo the effect of this redisplay
         cycle wrt minibuffer and echo-area display.  Binding
         inhibit-redisplay to t makes the call to resize_mini_window a
         no-op, thus avoiding the adverse side effects.  */
      specbind (Qinhibit_redisplay, Qt);

      Fselect_window (f->selected_window, Qt);
      set_buffer_internal_1
        (XBUFFER (XWINDOW (f->selected_window)->contents));
      fmt = FRAME_ICONIFIED_P (f) ? Vicon_title_format : Vframe_title_format;

      mode_line_target = MODE_LINE_TITLE;
      title_start = MODE_LINE_NOPROP_LEN (0);
      init_iterator (&it, XWINDOW (f->selected_window), -1, -1,
                     NULL, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
      display_mode_element (&it, 0, -1, -1, fmt, Qnil, false);
      len = MODE_LINE_NOPROP_LEN (title_start);
      title = mode_line_noprop_buf + title_start;
      unbind_to (count, Qnil);

      /* Set the title only if it's changed.  This avoids consing in
         the common case where it hasn't.  (If it turns out that we've
         already wasted too much time by walking through the list with
         display_mode_element, then we might need to optimize at a
         higher level than this.)  */
      if (! STRINGP (f->name)
          || SBYTES (f->name) != len
          || memcmp (title, SDATA (f->name), len) != 0)
        x_implicitly_set_name (f, make_string (title, len), Qnil);
    }
}

#endif /* not HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

\f
/***********************************************************************
                              Menu Bars
 ***********************************************************************/

/* True if we will not redisplay all visible windows.  */
#define REDISPLAY_SOME_P()                              \
  ((windows_or_buffers_changed == 0                     \
    || windows_or_buffers_changed == REDISPLAY_SOME)    \
   && (update_mode_lines == 0                           \
       || update_mode_lines == REDISPLAY_SOME))

/* Prepare for redisplay by updating menu-bar item lists when
   appropriate.  This can call eval.  */

static void
prepare_menu_bars (void)
{
  bool all_windows = windows_or_buffers_changed || update_mode_lines;
  bool some_windows = REDISPLAY_SOME_P ();

  if (FUNCTIONP (Vpre_redisplay_function))
    {
      Lisp_Object windows = all_windows ? Qt : Qnil;
      if (all_windows && some_windows)
        {
          Lisp_Object ws = window_list ();
          for (windows = Qnil; CONSP (ws); ws = XCDR (ws))
            {
              Lisp_Object this = XCAR (ws);
              struct window *w = XWINDOW (this);
              if (w->redisplay
                  || XFRAME (w->frame)->redisplay
                  || XBUFFER (w->contents)->text->redisplay)
                {
                  windows = Fcons (this, windows);
                }
            }
        }
      safe__call1 (true, Vpre_redisplay_function, windows);
    }

  /* Update all frame titles based on their buffer names, etc.  We do
     this before the menu bars so that the buffer-menu will show the
     up-to-date frame titles.  */
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (all_windows)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);
          struct window *w = XWINDOW (FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f));
          if (some_windows
              && !f->redisplay
              && !w->redisplay
              && !XBUFFER (w->contents)->text->redisplay)
            continue;

          if (!FRAME_TOOLTIP_P (f)
              && !FRAME_PARENT_FRAME (f)
              && (FRAME_ICONIFIED_P (f)
                  || FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f) == 1
                  /* Exclude TTY frames that are obscured because they
                     are not the top frame on their console.  This is
                     because x_consider_frame_title actually switches
                     to the frame, which for TTY frames means it is
                     marked as garbaged, and will be completely
                     redrawn on the next redisplay cycle.  This causes
                     TTY frames to be completely redrawn, when there
                     are more than one of them, even though nothing
                     should be changed on display.  */
                  || (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f) == 2 && FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))))
            x_consider_frame_title (frame);
        }
    }
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

  /* Update the menu bar item lists, if appropriate.  This has to be
     done before any actual redisplay or generation of display lines.  */

  if (all_windows)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;
      ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
      /* True means that update_menu_bar has run its hooks
         so any further calls to update_menu_bar shouldn't do so again.  */
      bool menu_bar_hooks_run = false;

      record_unwind_save_match_data ();

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);
          struct window *w = XWINDOW (FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f));

          /* Ignore tooltip frame.  */
          if (FRAME_TOOLTIP_P (f))
            continue;

          if (some_windows
              && !f->redisplay
              && !w->redisplay
              && !XBUFFER (w->contents)->text->redisplay)
            continue;

          run_window_size_change_functions (frame);

          if (FRAME_PARENT_FRAME (f))
            continue;

          menu_bar_hooks_run = update_menu_bar (f, false, menu_bar_hooks_run);
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
          update_tool_bar (f, false);
#endif
        }

      unbind_to (count, Qnil);
    }
  else
    {
      struct frame *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();
      update_menu_bar (sf, true, false);
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      update_tool_bar (sf, true);
#endif
    }
}


/* Update the menu bar item list for frame F.  This has to be done
   before we start to fill in any display lines, because it can call
   eval.

   If SAVE_MATCH_DATA, we must save and restore it here.

   If HOOKS_RUN, a previous call to update_menu_bar
   already ran the menu bar hooks for this redisplay, so there
   is no need to run them again.  The return value is the
   updated value of this flag, to pass to the next call.  */

static bool
update_menu_bar (struct frame *f, bool save_match_data, bool hooks_run)
{
  Lisp_Object window;
  struct window *w;

  /* If called recursively during a menu update, do nothing.  This can
     happen when, for instance, an activate-menubar-hook causes a
     redisplay.  */
  if (inhibit_menubar_update)
    return hooks_run;

  window = FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f);
  w = XWINDOW (window);

  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
      ?
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI) \
    || defined (HAVE_NS) || defined (USE_GTK)
      FRAME_EXTERNAL_MENU_BAR (f)
#else
      FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0
#endif
      : FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0)
    {
      /* If the user has switched buffers or windows, we need to
         recompute to reflect the new bindings.  But we'll
         recompute when update_mode_lines is set too; that means
         that people can use force-mode-line-update to request
         that the menu bar be recomputed.  The adverse effect on
         the rest of the redisplay algorithm is about the same as
         windows_or_buffers_changed anyway.  */
      if (windows_or_buffers_changed
          /* This used to test w->update_mode_line, but we believe
             there is no need to recompute the menu in that case.  */
          || update_mode_lines
          || window_buffer_changed (w))
        {
          struct buffer *prev = current_buffer;
          ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

          specbind (Qinhibit_menubar_update, Qt);

          set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->contents));
          if (save_match_data)
            record_unwind_save_match_data ();
          if (NILP (Voverriding_local_map_menu_flag))
            {
              specbind (Qoverriding_terminal_local_map, Qnil);
              specbind (Qoverriding_local_map, Qnil);
            }

          if (!hooks_run)
            {
              /* Run the Lucid hook.  */
              safe_run_hooks (Qactivate_menubar_hook);

              /* If it has changed current-menubar from previous value,
                 really recompute the menu-bar from the value.  */
              if (! NILP (Vlucid_menu_bar_dirty_flag))
                call0 (Qrecompute_lucid_menubar);

              safe_run_hooks (Qmenu_bar_update_hook);

              hooks_run = true;
            }

          XSETFRAME (Vmenu_updating_frame, f);
          fset_menu_bar_items (f, menu_bar_items (FRAME_MENU_BAR_ITEMS (f)));

          /* Redisplay the menu bar in case we changed it.  */
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI) \
    || defined (HAVE_NS) || defined (USE_GTK)
          if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
            {
#if defined (HAVE_NS)
              /* All frames on Mac OS share the same menubar.  So only
                 the selected frame should be allowed to set it.  */
              if (f == SELECTED_FRAME ())
#endif
                set_frame_menubar (f, false, false);
            }
          else
            /* On a terminal screen, the menu bar is an ordinary screen
               line, and this makes it get updated.  */
            w->update_mode_line = true;
#else /* ! (USE_X_TOOLKIT || HAVE_NTGUI || HAVE_NS || USE_GTK) */
          /* In the non-toolkit version, the menu bar is an ordinary screen
             line, and this makes it get updated.  */
          w->update_mode_line = true;
#endif /* ! (USE_X_TOOLKIT || HAVE_NTGUI || HAVE_NS || USE_GTK) */

          unbind_to (count, Qnil);
          set_buffer_internal_1 (prev);
        }
    }

  return hooks_run;
}

/***********************************************************************
                               Tool-bars
 ***********************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Select `frame' temporarily without running all the code in
   do_switch_frame.
   FIXME: Maybe do_switch_frame should be trimmed down similarly
   when `norecord' is set.  */
static void
fast_set_selected_frame (Lisp_Object frame)
{
  if (!EQ (selected_frame, frame))
    {
      selected_frame = frame;
      selected_window = XFRAME (frame)->selected_window;
    }
}

/* Update the tool-bar item list for frame F.  This has to be done
   before we start to fill in any display lines.  Called from
   prepare_menu_bars.  If SAVE_MATCH_DATA, we must save
   and restore it here.  */

static void
update_tool_bar (struct frame *f, bool save_match_data)
{
#if defined (USE_GTK) || defined (HAVE_NS)
  bool do_update = FRAME_EXTERNAL_TOOL_BAR (f);
#else
  bool do_update = (WINDOWP (f->tool_bar_window)
                    && WINDOW_TOTAL_LINES (XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window)) > 0);
#endif

  if (do_update)
    {
      Lisp_Object window;
      struct window *w;

      window = FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f);
      w = XWINDOW (window);

      /* If the user has switched buffers or windows, we need to
         recompute to reflect the new bindings.  But we'll
         recompute when update_mode_lines is set too; that means
         that people can use force-mode-line-update to request
         that the menu bar be recomputed.  The adverse effect on
         the rest of the redisplay algorithm is about the same as
         windows_or_buffers_changed anyway.  */
      if (windows_or_buffers_changed
          || w->update_mode_line
          || update_mode_lines
          || window_buffer_changed (w))
        {
          struct buffer *prev = current_buffer;
          ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
          Lisp_Object frame, new_tool_bar;
          int new_n_tool_bar;

          /* Set current_buffer to the buffer of the selected
             window of the frame, so that we get the right local
             keymaps.  */
          set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->contents));

          /* Save match data, if we must.  */
          if (save_match_data)
            record_unwind_save_match_data ();

          /* Make sure that we don't accidentally use bogus keymaps.  */
          if (NILP (Voverriding_local_map_menu_flag))
            {
              specbind (Qoverriding_terminal_local_map, Qnil);
              specbind (Qoverriding_local_map, Qnil);
            }

          /* We must temporarily set the selected frame to this frame
             before calling tool_bar_items, because the calculation of
             the tool-bar keymap uses the selected frame (see
             `tool-bar-make-keymap' in tool-bar.el).  */
          eassert (EQ (selected_window,
                       /* Since we only explicitly preserve selected_frame,
                          check that selected_window would be redundant.  */
                       XFRAME (selected_frame)->selected_window));
          record_unwind_protect (fast_set_selected_frame, selected_frame);
          XSETFRAME (frame, f);
          fast_set_selected_frame (frame);

          /* Build desired tool-bar items from keymaps.  */
          new_tool_bar
            = tool_bar_items (Fcopy_sequence (f->tool_bar_items),
                              &new_n_tool_bar);

          /* Redisplay the tool-bar if we changed it.  */
          if (new_n_tool_bar != f->n_tool_bar_items
              || NILP (Fequal (new_tool_bar, f->tool_bar_items)))
            {
              /* Redisplay that happens asynchronously due to an expose event
                 may access f->tool_bar_items.  Make sure we update both
                 variables within BLOCK_INPUT so no such event interrupts.  */
              block_input ();
              fset_tool_bar_items (f, new_tool_bar);
              f->n_tool_bar_items = new_n_tool_bar;
              w->update_mode_line = true;
              unblock_input ();
            }

          unbind_to (count, Qnil);
          set_buffer_internal_1 (prev);
        }
    }
}

#if ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)

/* Set F->desired_tool_bar_string to a Lisp string representing frame
   F's desired tool-bar contents.  F->tool_bar_items must have
   been set up previously by calling prepare_menu_bars.  */

static void
build_desired_tool_bar_string (struct frame *f)
{
  int i, size, size_needed;
  Lisp_Object image, plist;

  image = plist = Qnil;

  /* Prepare F->desired_tool_bar_string.  If we can reuse it, do so.
     Otherwise, make a new string.  */

  /* The size of the string we might be able to reuse.  */
  size = (STRINGP (f->desired_tool_bar_string)
          ? SCHARS (f->desired_tool_bar_string)
          : 0);

  /* We need one space in the string for each image.  */
  size_needed = f->n_tool_bar_items;

  /* Reuse f->desired_tool_bar_string, if possible.  */
  if (size < size_needed || NILP (f->desired_tool_bar_string))
    fset_desired_tool_bar_string
      (f, Fmake_string (make_number (size_needed), make_number (' '), Qnil));
  else
    {
      AUTO_LIST4 (props, Qdisplay, Qnil, Qmenu_item, Qnil);
      Fremove_text_properties (make_number (0), make_number (size),
                               props, f->desired_tool_bar_string);
    }

  /* Put a `display' property on the string for the images to display,
     put a `menu_item' property on tool-bar items with a value that
     is the index of the item in F's tool-bar item vector.  */
  for (i = 0; i < f->n_tool_bar_items; ++i)
    {
#define PROP(IDX) \
  AREF (f->tool_bar_items, i * TOOL_BAR_ITEM_NSLOTS + (IDX))

      bool enabled_p = !NILP (PROP (TOOL_BAR_ITEM_ENABLED_P));
      bool selected_p = !NILP (PROP (TOOL_BAR_ITEM_SELECTED_P));
      int hmargin, vmargin, relief, idx, end;

      /* If image is a vector, choose the image according to the
         button state.  */
      image = PROP (TOOL_BAR_ITEM_IMAGES);
      if (VECTORP (image))
        {
          if (enabled_p)
            idx = (selected_p
                   ? TOOL_BAR_IMAGE_ENABLED_SELECTED
                   : TOOL_BAR_IMAGE_ENABLED_DESELECTED);
          else
            idx = (selected_p
                   ? TOOL_BAR_IMAGE_DISABLED_SELECTED
                   : TOOL_BAR_IMAGE_DISABLED_DESELECTED);

          eassert (ASIZE (image) >= idx);
          image = AREF (image, idx);
        }
      else
        idx = -1;

      /* Ignore invalid image specifications.  */
      if (!valid_image_p (image))
        continue;

      /* Display the tool-bar button pressed, or depressed.  */
      plist = Fcopy_sequence (XCDR (image));

      /* Compute margin and relief to draw.  */
      relief = (tool_bar_button_relief >= 0
                ? tool_bar_button_relief
                : DEFAULT_TOOL_BAR_BUTTON_RELIEF);
      hmargin = vmargin = relief;

      if (RANGED_INTEGERP (1, Vtool_bar_button_margin,
                           INT_MAX - max (hmargin, vmargin)))
        {
          hmargin += XFASTINT (Vtool_bar_button_margin);
          vmargin += XFASTINT (Vtool_bar_button_margin);
        }
      else if (CONSP (Vtool_bar_button_margin))
        {
          if (RANGED_INTEGERP (1, XCAR (Vtool_bar_button_margin),
                               INT_MAX - hmargin))
            hmargin += XFASTINT (XCAR (Vtool_bar_button_margin));

          if (RANGED_INTEGERP (1, XCDR (Vtool_bar_button_margin),
                               INT_MAX - vmargin))
            vmargin += XFASTINT (XCDR (Vtool_bar_button_margin));
        }

      if (auto_raise_tool_bar_buttons_p)
        {
          /* Add a `:relief' property to the image spec if the item is
             selected.  */
          if (selected_p)
            {
              plist = Fplist_put (plist, QCrelief, make_number (-relief));
              hmargin -= relief;
              vmargin -= relief;
            }
        }
      else
        {
          /* If image is selected, display it pressed, i.e. with a
             negative relief.  If it's not selected, display it with a
             raised relief.  */
          plist = Fplist_put (plist, QCrelief,
                              (selected_p
                               ? make_number (-relief)
                               : make_number (relief)));
          hmargin -= relief;
          vmargin -= relief;
        }

      /* Put a margin around the image.  */
      if (hmargin || vmargin)
        {
          if (hmargin == vmargin)
            plist = Fplist_put (plist, QCmargin, make_number (hmargin));
          else
            plist = Fplist_put (plist, QCmargin,
                                Fcons (make_number (hmargin),
                                       make_number (vmargin)));
        }

      /* If button is not enabled, and we don't have special images
         for the disabled state, make the image appear disabled by
         applying an appropriate algorithm to it.  */
      if (!enabled_p && idx < 0)
        plist = Fplist_put (plist, QCconversion, Qdisabled);

      /* Put a `display' text property on the string for the image to
         display.  Put a `menu-item' property on the string that gives
         the start of this item's properties in the tool-bar items
         vector.  */
      image = Fcons (Qimage, plist);
      AUTO_LIST4 (props, Qdisplay, image, Qmenu_item,
                  make_number (i * TOOL_BAR_ITEM_NSLOTS));

      /* Let the last image hide all remaining spaces in the tool bar
         string.  The string can be longer than needed when we reuse a
         previous string.  */
      if (i + 1 == f->n_tool_bar_items)
        end = SCHARS (f->desired_tool_bar_string);
      else
        end = i + 1;
      Fadd_text_properties (make_number (i), make_number (end),
                            props, f->desired_tool_bar_string);
#undef PROP
    }
}


/* Display one line of the tool-bar of frame IT->f.

   HEIGHT specifies the desired height of the tool-bar line.
   If the actual height of the glyph row is less than HEIGHT, the
   row's height is increased to HEIGHT, and the icons are centered
   vertically in the new height.

   If HEIGHT is -1, we are counting needed tool-bar lines, so don't
   count a final empty row in case the tool-bar width exactly matches
   the window width.
*/

static void
display_tool_bar_line (struct it *it, int height)
{
  struct glyph_row *row = it->glyph_row;
  int max_x = it->last_visible_x;
  struct glyph *last;

  /* Don't extend on a previously drawn tool bar items (Bug#16058).  */
  clear_glyph_row (row);
  row->enabled_p = true;
  row->y = it->current_y;

  /* Note that this isn't made use of if the face hasn't a box,
     so there's no need to check the face here.  */
  it->start_of_box_run_p = true;

  while (it->current_x < max_x)
    {
      int x, n_glyphs_before, i, nglyphs;
      struct it it_before;

      /* Get the next display element.  */
      if (!get_next_display_element (it))
        {
          /* Don't count empty row if we are counting needed tool-bar lines.  */
          if (height < 0 && !it->hpos)
            return;
          break;
        }

      /* Produce glyphs.  */
      n_glyphs_before = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
      it_before = *it;

      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);

      nglyphs = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - n_glyphs_before;
      i = 0;
      x = it_before.current_x;
      while (i < nglyphs)
        {
          struct glyph *glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + n_glyphs_before + i;

          if (x + glyph->pixel_width > max_x)
            {
              /* Glyph doesn't fit on line.  Backtrack.  */
              row->used[TEXT_AREA] = n_glyphs_before;
              *it = it_before;
              /* If this is the only glyph on this line, it will never fit on the
                 tool-bar, so skip it.  But ensure there is at least one glyph,
                 so we don't accidentally disable the tool-bar.  */
              if (n_glyphs_before == 0
                  && (it->vpos > 0 || IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) < it->end_charpos-1))
                break;
              goto out;
            }

          ++it->hpos;
          x += glyph->pixel_width;
          ++i;
        }

      /* Stop at line end.  */
      if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
        break;

      set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
    }

 out:;

  row->displays_text_p = row->used[TEXT_AREA] != 0;

  /* Use default face for the border below the tool bar.

     FIXME: When auto-resize-tool-bars is grow-only, there is
     no additional border below the possibly empty tool-bar lines.
     So to make the extra empty lines look "normal", we have to
     use the tool-bar face for the border too.  */
  if (!MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row)
      && !EQ (Vauto_resize_tool_bars, Qgrow_only))
    it->face_id = DEFAULT_FACE_ID;

  extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);
  last = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
  last->right_box_line_p = true;
  if (last == row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA])
    last->left_box_line_p = true;

  /* Make line the desired height and center it vertically.  */
  if ((height -= it->max_ascent + it->max_descent) > 0)
    {
      /* Don't add more than one line height.  */
      height %= FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (it->f);
      it->max_ascent += height / 2;
      it->max_descent += (height + 1) / 2;
    }

  compute_line_metrics (it);

  /* If line is empty, make it occupy the rest of the tool-bar.  */
  if (!MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))
    {
      row->height = row->phys_height = it->last_visible_y - row->y;
      row->visible_height = row->height;
      row->ascent = row->phys_ascent = 0;
      row->extra_line_spacing = 0;
    }

  row->full_width_p = true;
  row->continued_p = false;
  row->truncated_on_left_p = false;
  row->truncated_on_right_p = false;

  it->current_x = it->hpos = 0;
  it->current_y += row->height;
  ++it->vpos;
  ++it->glyph_row;
}


/* Value is the number of pixels needed to make all tool-bar items of
   frame F visible.  The actual number of glyph rows needed is
   returned in *N_ROWS if non-NULL.  */
static int
tool_bar_height (struct frame *f, int *n_rows, bool pixelwise)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window);
  struct it it;
  /* tool_bar_height is called from redisplay_tool_bar after building
     the desired matrix, so use (unused) mode-line row as temporary row to
     avoid destroying the first tool-bar row.  */
  struct glyph_row *temp_row = MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->desired_matrix);

  /* Initialize an iterator for iteration over
     F->desired_tool_bar_string in the tool-bar window of frame F.  */
  init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, temp_row, TOOL_BAR_FACE_ID);
  temp_row->reversed_p = false;
  it.first_visible_x = 0;
  it.last_visible_x = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w);
  reseat_to_string (&it, NULL, f->desired_tool_bar_string, 0, 0, 0, -1);
  it.paragraph_embedding = L2R;

  while (!ITERATOR_AT_END_P (&it))
    {
      clear_glyph_row (temp_row);
      it.glyph_row = temp_row;
      display_tool_bar_line (&it, -1);
    }
  clear_glyph_row (temp_row);

  /* f->n_tool_bar_rows == 0 means "unknown"; -1 means no tool-bar.  */
  if (n_rows)
    *n_rows = it.vpos > 0 ? it.vpos : -1;

  if (pixelwise)
    return it.current_y;
  else
    return (it.current_y + FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f) - 1) / FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f);
}

#endif /* !USE_GTK && !HAVE_NS */

DEFUN ("tool-bar-height", Ftool_bar_height, Stool_bar_height,
       0, 2, 0,
       doc: /* Return the number of lines occupied by the tool bar of FRAME.
If FRAME is nil or omitted, use the selected frame.  Optional argument
PIXELWISE non-nil means return the height of the tool bar in pixels.  */)
  (Lisp_Object frame, Lisp_Object pixelwise)
{
  int height = 0;

#if ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)
  struct frame *f = decode_any_frame (frame);

  if (WINDOWP (f->tool_bar_window)
      && WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window)) > 0)
    {
      update_tool_bar (f, true);
      if (f->n_tool_bar_items)
        {
          build_desired_tool_bar_string (f);
          height = tool_bar_height (f, NULL, !NILP (pixelwise));
        }
    }
#endif

  return make_number (height);
}


/* Display the tool-bar of frame F.  Value is true if tool-bar's
   height should be changed.  */
static bool
redisplay_tool_bar (struct frame *f)
{
  f->tool_bar_redisplayed = true;
#if defined (USE_GTK) || defined (HAVE_NS)

  if (FRAME_EXTERNAL_TOOL_BAR (f))
    update_frame_tool_bar (f);
  return false;

#else /* !USE_GTK && !HAVE_NS */

  struct window *w;
  struct it it;
  struct glyph_row *row;

  /* If frame hasn't a tool-bar window or if it is zero-height, don't
     do anything.  This means you must start with tool-bar-lines
     non-zero to get the auto-sizing effect.  Or in other words, you
     can turn off tool-bars by specifying tool-bar-lines zero.  */
  if (!WINDOWP (f->tool_bar_window)
      || (w = XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window),
          WINDOW_TOTAL_LINES (w) == 0))
    return false;

  /* Set up an iterator for the tool-bar window.  */
  init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, w->desired_matrix->rows, TOOL_BAR_FACE_ID);
  it.first_visible_x = 0;
  it.last_visible_x = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w);
  row = it.glyph_row;
  row->reversed_p = false;

  /* Build a string that represents the contents of the tool-bar.  */
  build_desired_tool_bar_string (f);
  reseat_to_string (&it, NULL, f->desired_tool_bar_string, 0, 0, 0, -1);
  /* FIXME: This should be controlled by a user option.  But it
     doesn't make sense to have an R2L tool bar if the menu bar cannot
     be drawn also R2L, and making the menu bar R2L is tricky due
     toolkit-specific code that implements it.  If an R2L tool bar is
     ever supported, display_tool_bar_line should also be augmented to
     call unproduce_glyphs like display_line and display_string
     do.  */
  it.paragraph_embedding = L2R;

  if (f->n_tool_bar_rows == 0)
    {
      int new_height = tool_bar_height (f, &f->n_tool_bar_rows, true);

      if (new_height != WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w))
        {
          x_change_tool_bar_height (f, new_height);
          frame_default_tool_bar_height = new_height;
          /* Always do that now.  */
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          f->fonts_changed = true;
          return true;
        }
    }

  /* Display as many lines as needed to display all tool-bar items.  */

  if (f->n_tool_bar_rows > 0)
    {
      int border, rows, height, extra;

      if (TYPE_RANGED_INTEGERP (int, Vtool_bar_border))
        border = XINT (Vtool_bar_border);
      else if (EQ (Vtool_bar_border, Qinternal_border_width))
        border = FRAME_INTERNAL_BORDER_WIDTH (f);
      else if (EQ (Vtool_bar_border, Qborder_width))
        border = f->border_width;
      else
        border = 0;
      if (border < 0)
        border = 0;

      rows = f->n_tool_bar_rows;
      height = max (1, (it.last_visible_y - border) / rows);
      extra = it.last_visible_y - border - height * rows;

      while (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y)
        {
          int h = 0;
          if (extra > 0 && rows-- > 0)
            {
              h = (extra + rows - 1) / rows;
              extra -= h;
            }
          display_tool_bar_line (&it, height + h);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      while (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y)
        display_tool_bar_line (&it, 0);
    }

  /* It doesn't make much sense to try scrolling in the tool-bar
     window, so don't do it.  */
  w->desired_matrix->no_scrolling_p = true;
  w->must_be_updated_p = true;

  if (!NILP (Vauto_resize_tool_bars))
    {
      bool change_height_p = true;

      /* If we couldn't display everything, change the tool-bar's
         height if there is room for more.  */
      if (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (it) < it.end_charpos)
        change_height_p = true;

      /* We subtract 1 because display_tool_bar_line advances the
         glyph_row pointer before returning to its caller.  We want to
         examine the last glyph row produced by
         display_tool_bar_line.  */
      row = it.glyph_row - 1;

      /* If there are blank lines at the end, except for a partially
         visible blank line at the end that is smaller than
         FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT, change the tool-bar's height.  */
      if (!MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row)
          && row->height >= FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f))
        change_height_p = true;

      /* If row displays tool-bar items, but is partially visible,
         change the tool-bar's height.  */
      if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row)
          && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) > it.last_visible_y)
        change_height_p = true;

      /* Resize windows as needed by changing the `tool-bar-lines'
         frame parameter.  */
      if (change_height_p)
        {
          int nrows;
          int new_height = tool_bar_height (f, &nrows, true);

          change_height_p = ((EQ (Vauto_resize_tool_bars, Qgrow_only)
                              && !f->minimize_tool_bar_window_p)
                             ? (new_height > WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w))
                             : (new_height != WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w)));
          f->minimize_tool_bar_window_p = false;

          if (change_height_p)
            {
              x_change_tool_bar_height (f, new_height);
              frame_default_tool_bar_height = new_height;
              clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
              f->n_tool_bar_rows = nrows;
              f->fonts_changed = true;

              return true;
            }
        }
    }

  f->minimize_tool_bar_window_p = false;
  return false;

#endif /* USE_GTK || HAVE_NS */
}

#if ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)

/* Get information about the tool-bar item which is displayed in GLYPH
   on frame F.  Return in *PROP_IDX the index where tool-bar item
   properties start in F->tool_bar_items.  Value is false if
   GLYPH doesn't display a tool-bar item.  */

static bool
tool_bar_item_info (struct frame *f, struct glyph *glyph, int *prop_idx)
{
  Lisp_Object prop;
  int charpos;

  /* This function can be called asynchronously, which means we must
     exclude any possibility that Fget_text_property signals an
     error.  */
  charpos = min (SCHARS (f->current_tool_bar_string), glyph->charpos);
  charpos = max (0, charpos);

  /* Get the text property `menu-item' at pos. The value of that
     property is the start index of this item's properties in
     F->tool_bar_items.  */
  prop = Fget_text_property (make_number (charpos),
                             Qmenu_item, f->current_tool_bar_string);
  if (! INTEGERP (prop))
    return false;
  *prop_idx = XINT (prop);
  return true;
}

\f
/* Get information about the tool-bar item at position X/Y on frame F.
   Return in *GLYPH a pointer to the glyph of the tool-bar item in
   the current matrix of the tool-bar window of F, or NULL if not
   on a tool-bar item.  Return in *PROP_IDX the index of the tool-bar
   item in F->tool_bar_items.  Value is

   -1   if X/Y is not on a tool-bar item
   0    if X/Y is on the same item that was highlighted before.
   1    otherwise.  */

static int
get_tool_bar_item (struct frame *f, int x, int y, struct glyph **glyph,
                   int *hpos, int *vpos, int *prop_idx)
{
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window);
  int area;

  /* Find the glyph under X/Y.  */
  *glyph = x_y_to_hpos_vpos (w, x, y, hpos, vpos, 0, 0, &area);
  if (*glyph == NULL)
    return -1;

  /* Get the start of this tool-bar item's properties in
     f->tool_bar_items.  */
  if (!tool_bar_item_info (f, *glyph, prop_idx))
    return -1;

  /* Is mouse on the highlighted item?  */
  if (EQ (f->tool_bar_window, hlinfo->mouse_face_window)
      && *vpos >= hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
      && *vpos <= hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row
      && (*vpos > hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
          || *hpos >= hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col)
      && (*vpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row
          || *hpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col
          || hlinfo->mouse_face_past_end))
    return 0;

  return 1;
}


/* EXPORT:
   Handle mouse button event on the tool-bar of frame F, at
   frame-relative coordinates X/Y.  DOWN_P is true for a button press,
   false for button release.  MODIFIERS is event modifiers for button
   release.  */

void
handle_tool_bar_click (struct frame *f, int x, int y, bool down_p,
                       int modifiers)
{
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window);
  int hpos, vpos, prop_idx;
  struct glyph *glyph;
  Lisp_Object enabled_p;
  int ts;

  /* If not on the highlighted tool-bar item, and mouse-highlight is
     non-nil, return.  This is so we generate the tool-bar button
     click only when the mouse button is released on the same item as
     where it was pressed.  However, when mouse-highlight is disabled,
     generate the click when the button is released regardless of the
     highlight, since tool-bar items are not highlighted in that
     case.  */
  frame_to_window_pixel_xy (w, &x, &y);
  ts = get_tool_bar_item (f, x, y, &glyph, &hpos, &vpos, &prop_idx);
  if (ts == -1
      || (ts != 0 && !NILP (Vmouse_highlight)))
    return;

  /* When mouse-highlight is off, generate the click for the item
     where the button was pressed, disregarding where it was
     released.  */
  if (NILP (Vmouse_highlight) && !down_p)
    prop_idx = f->last_tool_bar_item;

  /* If item is disabled, do nothing.  */
  enabled_p = AREF (f->tool_bar_items, prop_idx + TOOL_BAR_ITEM_ENABLED_P);
  if (NILP (enabled_p))
    return;

  if (down_p)
    {
      /* Show item in pressed state.  */
      if (!NILP (Vmouse_highlight))
        show_mouse_face (hlinfo, DRAW_IMAGE_SUNKEN);
      f->last_tool_bar_item = prop_idx;
    }
  else
    {
      Lisp_Object key, frame;
      struct input_event event;
      EVENT_INIT (event);

      /* Show item in released state.  */
      if (!NILP (Vmouse_highlight))
        show_mouse_face (hlinfo, DRAW_IMAGE_RAISED);

      key = AREF (f->tool_bar_items, prop_idx + TOOL_BAR_ITEM_KEY);

      XSETFRAME (frame, f);
      event.kind = TOOL_BAR_EVENT;
      event.frame_or_window = frame;
      event.arg = frame;
      kbd_buffer_store_event (&event);

      event.kind = TOOL_BAR_EVENT;
      event.frame_or_window = frame;
      event.arg = key;
      event.modifiers = modifiers;
      kbd_buffer_store_event (&event);
      f->last_tool_bar_item = -1;
    }
}


/* Possibly highlight a tool-bar item on frame F when mouse moves to
   tool-bar window-relative coordinates X/Y.  Called from
   note_mouse_highlight.  */

static void
note_tool_bar_highlight (struct frame *f, int x, int y)
{
  Lisp_Object window = f->tool_bar_window;
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  Display_Info *dpyinfo = FRAME_DISPLAY_INFO (f);
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
  int hpos, vpos;
  struct glyph *glyph;
  struct glyph_row *row;
  int i;
  Lisp_Object enabled_p;
  int prop_idx;
  enum draw_glyphs_face draw = DRAW_IMAGE_RAISED;
  bool mouse_down_p;
  int rc;

  /* Function note_mouse_highlight is called with negative X/Y
     values when mouse moves outside of the frame.  */
  if (x <= 0 || y <= 0)
    {
      clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);
      return;
    }

  rc = get_tool_bar_item (f, x, y, &glyph, &hpos, &vpos, &prop_idx);
  if (rc < 0)
    {
      /* Not on tool-bar item.  */
      clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);
      return;
    }
  else if (rc == 0)
    /* On same tool-bar item as before.  */
    goto set_help_echo;

  clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);

  /* Mouse is down, but on different tool-bar item?  */
  mouse_down_p = (x_mouse_grabbed (dpyinfo)
                  && f == dpyinfo->last_mouse_frame);

  if (mouse_down_p && f->last_tool_bar_item != prop_idx)
    return;

  draw = mouse_down_p ? DRAW_IMAGE_SUNKEN : DRAW_IMAGE_RAISED;

  /* If tool-bar item is not enabled, don't highlight it.  */
  enabled_p = AREF (f->tool_bar_items, prop_idx + TOOL_BAR_ITEM_ENABLED_P);
  if (!NILP (enabled_p) && !NILP (Vmouse_highlight))
    {
      /* Compute the x-position of the glyph.  In front and past the
         image is a space.  We include this in the highlighted area.  */
      row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos);
      for (i = x = 0; i < hpos; ++i)
        x += row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][i].pixel_width;

      /* Record this as the current active region.  */
      hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = hpos;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row = vpos;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x = x;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_past_end = false;

      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = hpos + 1;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row = vpos;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x = x + glyph->pixel_width;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_window = window;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_face_id = TOOL_BAR_FACE_ID;

      /* Display it as active.  */
      show_mouse_face (hlinfo, draw);
    }

 set_help_echo:

  /* Set help_echo_string to a help string to display for this tool-bar item.
     XTread_socket does the rest.  */
  help_echo_object = help_echo_window = Qnil;
  help_echo_pos = -1;
  help_echo_string = AREF (f->tool_bar_items, prop_idx + TOOL_BAR_ITEM_HELP);
  if (NILP (help_echo_string))
    help_echo_string = AREF (f->tool_bar_items, prop_idx + TOOL_BAR_ITEM_CAPTION);
}

#endif /* !USE_GTK && !HAVE_NS */

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */


\f
/************************************************************************
                         Horizontal scrolling
 ************************************************************************/

/* For all leaf windows in the window tree rooted at WINDOW, set their
   hscroll value so that PT is (i) visible in the window, and (ii) so
   that it is not within a certain margin at the window's left and
   right border.  Value is true if any window's hscroll has been
   changed.  */

static bool
hscroll_window_tree (Lisp_Object window)
{
  bool hscrolled_p = false;
  bool hscroll_relative_p = FLOATP (Vhscroll_step);
  int hscroll_step_abs = 0;
  double hscroll_step_rel = 0;

  if (hscroll_relative_p)
    {
      hscroll_step_rel = XFLOAT_DATA (Vhscroll_step);
      if (hscroll_step_rel < 0)
        {
          hscroll_relative_p = false;
          hscroll_step_abs = 0;
        }
    }
  else if (TYPE_RANGED_INTEGERP (int, Vhscroll_step))
    {
      hscroll_step_abs = XINT (Vhscroll_step);
      if (hscroll_step_abs < 0)
        hscroll_step_abs = 0;
    }
  else
    hscroll_step_abs = 0;

  while (WINDOWP (window))
    {
      struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);

      if (WINDOWP (w->contents))
        hscrolled_p |= hscroll_window_tree (w->contents);
      else if (w->cursor.vpos >= 0)
        {
          int h_margin;
          int text_area_width;
          struct glyph_row *cursor_row;
          struct glyph_row *bottom_row;

          bottom_row = MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->desired_matrix, w);
          if (w->cursor.vpos < bottom_row - w->desired_matrix->rows)
            cursor_row = MATRIX_ROW (w->desired_matrix, w->cursor.vpos);
          else
            cursor_row = bottom_row - 1;

          if (!cursor_row->enabled_p)
            {
              bottom_row = MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix, w);
              if (w->cursor.vpos < bottom_row - w->current_matrix->rows)
                cursor_row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->cursor.vpos);
              else
                cursor_row = bottom_row - 1;
            }
          bool row_r2l_p = cursor_row->reversed_p;
          bool hscl = hscrolling_current_line_p (w);
          int x_offset = 0;
          /* When line numbers are displayed, we need to account for
             the horizontal space they consume.  */
          if (!NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers))
            {
              struct glyph *g;
              if (!row_r2l_p)
                {
                  for (g = cursor_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
                       g < cursor_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                         + cursor_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
                       g++)
                    {
                      if (!(NILP (g->object) && g->charpos < 0))
                        break;
                      x_offset += g->pixel_width;
                    }
                }
              else
                {
                  for (g = cursor_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                         + cursor_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
                       g > cursor_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
                       g--)
                    {
                      if (!(NILP ((g - 1)->object) && (g - 1)->charpos < 0))
                        break;
                      x_offset += (g - 1)->pixel_width;
                    }
                }
            }
          if (cursor_row->truncated_on_left_p)
            {
              /* On TTY frames, don't count the left truncation glyph.  */
              struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
              x_offset -= (FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f) || FRAME_MSDOS_P (f));
            }

          text_area_width = window_box_width (w, TEXT_AREA);

          /* Scroll when cursor is inside this scroll margin.  */
          h_margin = hscroll_margin * WINDOW_FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (w);

          /* If the position of this window's point has explicitly
             changed, no more suspend auto hscrolling.  */
          if (w->suspend_auto_hscroll
              && NILP (Fequal (Fwindow_point (window),
                               Fwindow_old_point (window))))
            {
              w->suspend_auto_hscroll = false;
              /* When hscrolling just the current line, and the rest
                 of lines were temporarily hscrolled, but no longer
                 are, force thorough redisplay of this window, to show
                 the effect of disabling hscroll suspension immediately.  */
              if (w->min_hscroll == 0 && w->hscroll > 0
                  && EQ (Fbuffer_local_value (Qauto_hscroll_mode, w->contents),
                         Qcurrent_line))
                SET_FRAME_GARBAGED (XFRAME (w->frame));
            }

          /* Remember window point.  */
          Fset_marker (w->old_pointm,
                       ((w == XWINDOW (selected_window))
                        ? make_number (BUF_PT (XBUFFER (w->contents)))
                        : Fmarker_position (w->pointm)),
                       w->contents);

          if (!NILP (Fbuffer_local_value (Qauto_hscroll_mode, w->contents))
              && !w->suspend_auto_hscroll
              /* In some pathological cases, like restoring a window
                 configuration into a frame that is much smaller than
                 the one from which the configuration was saved, we
                 get glyph rows whose start and end have zero buffer
                 positions, which we cannot handle below.  Just skip
                 such windows.  */
              && CHARPOS (cursor_row->start.pos) >= BUF_BEG (w->contents)
              /* For left-to-right rows, hscroll when cursor is either
                 (i) inside the right hscroll margin, or (ii) if it is
                 inside the left margin and the window is already
                 hscrolled.  */
              && ((!row_r2l_p
                   && ((w->hscroll && w->cursor.x <= h_margin + x_offset)
                       || (cursor_row->enabled_p
                           && cursor_row->truncated_on_right_p
                           && (w->cursor.x >= text_area_width - h_margin))))
                  /* For right-to-left rows, the logic is similar,
                     except that rules for scrolling to left and right
                     are reversed.  E.g., if cursor.x <= h_margin, we
                     need to hscroll "to the right" unconditionally,
                     and that will scroll the screen to the left so as
                     to reveal the next portion of the row.  */
                  || (row_r2l_p
                      && ((cursor_row->enabled_p
                           /* FIXME: It is confusing to set the
                              truncated_on_right_p flag when R2L rows
                              are actually truncated on the left.  */
                           && cursor_row->truncated_on_right_p
                           && w->cursor.x <= h_margin)
                          || (w->hscroll
                              && (w->cursor.x >= (text_area_width - h_margin
                                                  - x_offset)))))
                  /* This last condition is needed when moving
                     vertically from an hscrolled line to a short line
                     that doesn't need to be hscrolled.  If we omit
                     this condition, the line from which we move will
                     remain hscrolled.  */
                  || (hscl
                      && w->hscroll != w->min_hscroll
                      && !cursor_row->truncated_on_left_p)))
            {
              struct it it;
              ptrdiff_t hscroll;
              struct buffer *saved_current_buffer;
              ptrdiff_t pt;
              int wanted_x;

              /* Find point in a display of infinite width.  */
              saved_current_buffer = current_buffer;
              current_buffer = XBUFFER (w->contents);

              if (w == XWINDOW (selected_window))
                pt = PT;
              else
                pt = clip_to_bounds (BEGV, marker_position (w->pointm), ZV);

              /* Move iterator to pt starting at cursor_row->start in
                 a line with infinite width.  */
              init_to_row_start (&it, w, cursor_row);
              if (hscl)
                it.first_visible_x = window_hscroll_limited (w, it.f)
                                     * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f);
              it.last_visible_x = DISP_INFINITY;
              move_it_in_display_line_to (&it, pt, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
              /* If the line ends in an overlay string with a newline,
                 we might infloop, because displaying the window will
                 want to put the cursor after the overlay, i.e. at X
                 coordinate of zero on the next screen line.  So we
                 use the buffer position prior to the overlay string
                 instead.  */
              if (it.method == GET_FROM_STRING && pt > 1)
                {
                  init_to_row_start (&it, w, cursor_row);
                  if (hscl)
                    it.first_visible_x = (window_hscroll_limited (w, it.f)
                                          * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f));
                  move_it_in_display_line_to (&it, pt - 1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
                }
              current_buffer = saved_current_buffer;

              /* Position cursor in window.  */
              if (!hscroll_relative_p && hscroll_step_abs == 0)
                hscroll = max (0, (it.current_x
                                   - (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (&it)
                                      ? (text_area_width - 4 * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f))
                                      : (text_area_width / 2))))
                          / FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f);
              else if ((!row_r2l_p
                        && w->cursor.x >= text_area_width - h_margin)
                       || (row_r2l_p && w->cursor.x <= h_margin))
                {
                  if (hscroll_relative_p)
                    wanted_x = text_area_width * (1 - hscroll_step_rel)
                               - h_margin;
                  else
                    wanted_x = text_area_width
                               - hscroll_step_abs * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f)
                               - h_margin;
                  hscroll
                    = max (0, it.current_x - wanted_x) / FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f);
                }
              else
                {
                  if (hscroll_relative_p)
                    wanted_x = text_area_width * hscroll_step_rel
                               + h_margin;
                  else
                    wanted_x = hscroll_step_abs * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f)
                               + h_margin;
                  hscroll
                    = max (0, it.current_x - wanted_x) / FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it.f);
                }
              hscroll = max (hscroll, w->min_hscroll);

              /* Don't prevent redisplay optimizations if hscroll
                 hasn't changed, as it will unnecessarily slow down
                 redisplay.  */
              if (w->hscroll != hscroll
                  /* When hscrolling only the current line, we need to
                     report hscroll even if its value is equal to the
                     previous one, because the new line might need a
                     different value.  */
                  || (hscl && w->last_cursor_vpos != w->cursor.vpos))
                {
                  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);
                  b->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p = true;
                  w->hscroll = hscroll;
                  hscrolled_p = true;
                }
            }
        }

      window = w->next;
    }

  /* Value is true if hscroll of any leaf window has been changed.  */
  return hscrolled_p;
}


/* Set hscroll so that cursor is visible and not inside horizontal
   scroll margins for all windows in the tree rooted at WINDOW.  See
   also hscroll_window_tree above.  Value is true if any window's
   hscroll has been changed.  If it has, desired matrices on the frame
   of WINDOW are cleared.  */

static bool
hscroll_windows (Lisp_Object window)
{
  bool hscrolled_p = hscroll_window_tree (window);
  if (hscrolled_p)
    clear_desired_matrices (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (window))));
  return hscrolled_p;
}


\f
/************************************************************************
                                Redisplay
 ************************************************************************/

/* Variables holding some state of redisplay if GLYPH_DEBUG is defined.
   This is sometimes handy to have in a debugger session.  */

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG

/* First and last unchanged row for try_window_id.  */

static int debug_first_unchanged_at_end_vpos;
static int debug_last_unchanged_at_beg_vpos;

/* Delta vpos and y.  */

static int debug_dvpos, debug_dy;

/* Delta in characters and bytes for try_window_id.  */

static ptrdiff_t debug_delta, debug_delta_bytes;

/* Values of window_end_pos and window_end_vpos at the end of
   try_window_id.  */

static ptrdiff_t debug_end_vpos;

/* Append a string to W->desired_matrix->method.  FMT is a printf
   format string.  If trace_redisplay_p is true also printf the
   resulting string to stderr.  */

static void debug_method_add (struct window *, char const *, ...)
  ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT_PRINTF (2, 3);

static void
debug_method_add (struct window *w, char const *fmt, ...)
{
  void *ptr = w;
  char *method = w->desired_matrix->method;
  int len = strlen (method);
  int size = sizeof w->desired_matrix->method;
  int remaining = size - len - 1;
  va_list ap;

  if (len && remaining)
    {
      method[len] = '|';
      --remaining, ++len;
    }

  va_start (ap, fmt);
  vsnprintf (method + len, remaining + 1, fmt, ap);
  va_end (ap);

  if (trace_redisplay_p)
    fprintf (stderr, "%p (%s): %s\n",
             ptr,
             ((BUFFERP (w->contents)
               && STRINGP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), name)))
              ? SSDATA (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), name))
              : "no buffer"),
             method + len);
}

#endif /* GLYPH_DEBUG */


/* Value is true if all changes in window W, which displays
   current_buffer, are in the text between START and END.  START is a
   buffer position, END is given as a distance from Z.  Used in
   redisplay_internal for display optimization.  */

static bool
text_outside_line_unchanged_p (struct window *w,
                               ptrdiff_t start, ptrdiff_t end)
{
  bool unchanged_p = true;

  /* If text or overlays have changed, see where.  */
  if (window_outdated (w))
    {
      /* Gap in the line?  */
      if (GPT < start || Z - GPT < end)
        unchanged_p = false;

      /* Changes start in front of the line, or end after it?  */
      if (unchanged_p
          && (BEG_UNCHANGED < start - 1
              || END_UNCHANGED < end))
        unchanged_p = false;

      /* If selective display, can't optimize if changes start at the
         beginning of the line.  */
      if (unchanged_p
          && INTEGERP (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display))
          && XINT (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display)) > 0
          && (BEG_UNCHANGED < start || GPT <= start))
        unchanged_p = false;

      /* If there are overlays at the start or end of the line, these
         may have overlay strings with newlines in them.  A change at
         START, for instance, may actually concern the display of such
         overlay strings as well, and they are displayed on different
         lines.  So, quickly rule out this case.  (For the future, it
         might be desirable to implement something more telling than
         just BEG/END_UNCHANGED.)  */
      if (unchanged_p)
        {
          if (BEG + BEG_UNCHANGED == start
              && overlay_touches_p (start))
            unchanged_p = false;
          if (END_UNCHANGED == end
              && overlay_touches_p (Z - end))
            unchanged_p = false;
        }

      /* Under bidi reordering, adding or deleting a character in the
         beginning of a paragraph, before the first strong directional
         character, can change the base direction of the paragraph (unless
         the buffer specifies a fixed paragraph direction), which will
         require redisplaying the whole paragraph.  It might be worthwhile
         to find the paragraph limits and widen the range of redisplayed
         lines to that, but for now just give up this optimization.  */
      if (!NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_display_reordering))
          && NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_paragraph_direction)))
        unchanged_p = false;
    }

  return unchanged_p;
}


/* Do a frame update, taking possible shortcuts into account.  This is
   the main external entry point for redisplay.

   If the last redisplay displayed an echo area message and that message
   is no longer requested, we clear the echo area or bring back the
   mini-buffer if that is in use.  */

void
redisplay (void)
{
  redisplay_internal ();
}


static Lisp_Object
overlay_arrow_string_or_property (Lisp_Object var)
{
  Lisp_Object val;

  if (val = Fget (var, Qoverlay_arrow_string), STRINGP (val))
    return val;

  return Voverlay_arrow_string;
}

/* Return true if there are any overlay-arrows in current_buffer.  */
static bool
overlay_arrow_in_current_buffer_p (void)
{
  Lisp_Object vlist;

  for (vlist = Voverlay_arrow_variable_list;
       CONSP (vlist);
       vlist = XCDR (vlist))
    {
      Lisp_Object var = XCAR (vlist);
      Lisp_Object val;

      if (!SYMBOLP (var))
        continue;
      val = find_symbol_value (var);
      if (MARKERP (val)
          && current_buffer == XMARKER (val)->buffer)
        return true;
    }
  return false;
}


/* Return true if any overlay_arrows have moved or overlay-arrow-string
   has changed.
   If SET_REDISPLAY is true, additionally, set the `redisplay' bit in those
   buffers that are affected.  */

static bool
overlay_arrows_changed_p (bool set_redisplay)
{
  Lisp_Object vlist;
  bool changed = false;

  for (vlist = Voverlay_arrow_variable_list;
       CONSP (vlist);
       vlist = XCDR (vlist))
    {
      Lisp_Object var = XCAR (vlist);
      Lisp_Object val, pstr;

      if (!SYMBOLP (var))
        continue;
      val = find_symbol_value (var);
      if (!MARKERP (val))
        continue;
      if (! EQ (COERCE_MARKER (val),
                /* FIXME: Don't we have a problem, using such a global
                 * "last-position" if the variable is buffer-local?  */
                Fget (var, Qlast_arrow_position))
          || ! (pstr = overlay_arrow_string_or_property (var),
                EQ (pstr, Fget (var, Qlast_arrow_string))))
        {
          struct buffer *buf = XMARKER (val)->buffer;

          if (set_redisplay)
            {
              if (buf)
                bset_redisplay (buf);
              changed = true;
            }
          else
            return true;
        }
    }
  return changed;
}

/* Mark overlay arrows to be updated on next redisplay.  */

static void
update_overlay_arrows (int up_to_date)
{
  Lisp_Object vlist;

  for (vlist = Voverlay_arrow_variable_list;
       CONSP (vlist);
       vlist = XCDR (vlist))
    {
      Lisp_Object var = XCAR (vlist);

      if (!SYMBOLP (var))
        continue;

      if (up_to_date > 0)
        {
          Lisp_Object val = find_symbol_value (var);
          if (!MARKERP (val))
            continue;
          Fput (var, Qlast_arrow_position,
                COERCE_MARKER (val));
          Fput (var, Qlast_arrow_string,
                overlay_arrow_string_or_property (var));
        }
      else if (up_to_date < 0
               || !NILP (Fget (var, Qlast_arrow_position)))
        {
          Fput (var, Qlast_arrow_position, Qt);
          Fput (var, Qlast_arrow_string, Qt);
        }
    }
}


/* Return overlay arrow string to display at row.
   Return integer (bitmap number) for arrow bitmap in left fringe.
   Return nil if no overlay arrow.  */

static Lisp_Object
overlay_arrow_at_row (struct it *it, struct glyph_row *row)
{
  Lisp_Object vlist;

  for (vlist = Voverlay_arrow_variable_list;
       CONSP (vlist);
       vlist = XCDR (vlist))
    {
      Lisp_Object var = XCAR (vlist);
      Lisp_Object val;

      if (!SYMBOLP (var))
        continue;

      val = find_symbol_value (var);

      if (MARKERP (val)
          && current_buffer == XMARKER (val)->buffer
          && (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) == marker_position (val)))
        {
          if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
              /* FIXME: if ROW->reversed_p is set, this should test
                 the right fringe, not the left one.  */
              && WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) > 0)
            {
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
              if (val = Fget (var, Qoverlay_arrow_bitmap), SYMBOLP (val))
                {
                  int fringe_bitmap = lookup_fringe_bitmap (val);
                  if (fringe_bitmap != 0)
                    return make_number (fringe_bitmap);
                }
#endif
              return make_number (-1); /* Use default arrow bitmap.  */
            }
          return overlay_arrow_string_or_property (var);
        }
    }

  return Qnil;
}

/* Return true if point moved out of or into a composition.  Otherwise
   return false.  PREV_BUF and PREV_PT are the last point buffer and
   position.  BUF and PT are the current point buffer and position.  */

static bool
check_point_in_composition (struct buffer *prev_buf, ptrdiff_t prev_pt,
                            struct buffer *buf, ptrdiff_t pt)
{
  ptrdiff_t start, end;
  Lisp_Object prop;
  Lisp_Object buffer;

  XSETBUFFER (buffer, buf);
  /* Check a composition at the last point if point moved within the
     same buffer.  */
  if (prev_buf == buf)
    {
      if (prev_pt == pt)
        /* Point didn't move.  */
        return false;

      if (prev_pt > BUF_BEGV (buf) && prev_pt < BUF_ZV (buf)
          && find_composition (prev_pt, -1, &start, &end, &prop, buffer)
          && composition_valid_p (start, end, prop)
          && start < prev_pt && end > prev_pt)
        /* The last point was within the composition.  Return true iff
            point moved out of the composition.  */
        return (pt <= start || pt >= end);
    }

  /* Check a composition at the current point.  */
  return (pt > BUF_BEGV (buf) && pt < BUF_ZV (buf)
          && find_composition (pt, -1, &start, &end, &prop, buffer)
          && composition_valid_p (start, end, prop)
          && start < pt && end > pt);
}

/* Reconsider the clip changes of buffer which is displayed in W.  */

static void
reconsider_clip_changes (struct window *w)
{
  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);

  if (b->clip_changed
      && w->window_end_valid
      && w->current_matrix->buffer == b
      && w->current_matrix->zv == BUF_ZV (b)
      && w->current_matrix->begv == BUF_BEGV (b))
    b->clip_changed = false;

  /* If display wasn't paused, and W is not a tool bar window, see if
     point has been moved into or out of a composition.  In that case,
     set b->clip_changed to force updating the screen.  If
     b->clip_changed has already been set, skip this check.  */
  if (!b->clip_changed && w->window_end_valid)
    {
      ptrdiff_t pt = (w == XWINDOW (selected_window)
                      ? PT : marker_position (w->pointm));

      if ((w->current_matrix->buffer != b || pt != w->last_point)
          && check_point_in_composition (w->current_matrix->buffer,
                                         w->last_point, b, pt))
        b->clip_changed = true;
    }
}

static void
propagate_buffer_redisplay (void)
{ /* Resetting b->text->redisplay is problematic!
     We can't just reset it in the case that some window that displays
     it has not been redisplayed; and such a window can stay
     unredisplayed for a long time if it's currently invisible.
     But we do want to reset it at the end of redisplay otherwise
     its displayed windows will keep being redisplayed over and over
     again.
     So we copy all b->text->redisplay flags up to their windows here,
     such that mark_window_display_accurate can safely reset
     b->text->redisplay.  */
  Lisp_Object ws = window_list ();
  for (; CONSP (ws); ws = XCDR (ws))
    {
      struct window *thisw = XWINDOW (XCAR (ws));
      struct buffer *thisb = XBUFFER (thisw->contents);
      if (thisb->text->redisplay)
        thisw->redisplay = true;
    }
}

#define STOP_POLLING                                    \
do { if (! polling_stopped_here) stop_polling ();       \
       polling_stopped_here = true; } while (false)

#define RESUME_POLLING                                  \
do { if (polling_stopped_here) start_polling ();        \
       polling_stopped_here = false; } while (false)


/* Perhaps in the future avoid recentering windows if it
   is not necessary; currently that causes some problems.  */

static void
redisplay_internal (void)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (selected_window);
  struct window *sw;
  struct frame *fr;
  bool pending;
  bool must_finish = false, match_p;
  struct text_pos tlbufpos, tlendpos;
  int number_of_visible_frames;
  ptrdiff_t count;
  struct frame *sf;
  bool polling_stopped_here = false;
  Lisp_Object tail, frame;

  /* Set a limit to the number of retries we perform due to horizontal
     scrolling, this avoids getting stuck in an uninterruptible
     infinite loop (Bug #24633).  */
  enum { MAX_HSCROLL_RETRIES = 16 };
  int hscroll_retries = 0;

  /* Limit the number of retries for when frame(s) become garbaged as
     result of redisplaying them.  Some packages set various redisplay
     hooks, such as window-scroll-functions, to run Lisp that always
     calls APIs which cause the frame's garbaged flag to become set,
     so we loop indefinitely.  */
  enum {MAX_GARBAGED_FRAME_RETRIES = 2 };
  int garbaged_frame_retries = 0;

  /* True means redisplay has to consider all windows on all
     frames.  False, only selected_window is considered.  */
  bool consider_all_windows_p;

  /* True means redisplay has to redisplay the miniwindow.  */
  bool update_miniwindow_p = false;

  TRACE ((stderr, "redisplay_internal %d\n", redisplaying_p));

  /* No redisplay if running in batch mode or frame is not yet fully
     initialized, or redisplay is explicitly turned off by setting
     Vinhibit_redisplay.  */
  if (FRAME_INITIAL_P (SELECTED_FRAME ())
      || !NILP (Vinhibit_redisplay))
    return;

  /* Don't examine these until after testing Vinhibit_redisplay.
     When Emacs is shutting down, perhaps because its connection to
     X has dropped, we should not look at them at all.  */
  fr = XFRAME (w->frame);
  sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();

  if (!fr->glyphs_initialized_p)
    return;

#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (USE_GTK) || defined (HAVE_NS)
  if (popup_activated ())
    {
#ifdef NS_IMPL_COCOA
      /* On macOS we may have disabled screen updates due to window
         resizing.  We should re-enable them so the popup can be
         displayed.  */
      ns_enable_screen_updates ();
#endif
      return;
    }
#endif

  /* I don't think this happens but let's be paranoid.  */
  if (redisplaying_p)
    return;

  /* Record a function that clears redisplaying_p
     when we leave this function.  */
  count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
  record_unwind_protect_void (unwind_redisplay);
  redisplaying_p = true;
  block_buffer_flips ();
  specbind (Qinhibit_free_realized_faces, Qnil);

  /* Record this function, so it appears on the profiler's backtraces.  */
  record_in_backtrace (Qredisplay_internal_xC_functionx, 0, 0);

  FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
    XFRAME (frame)->already_hscrolled_p = false;

 retry:
  /* Remember the currently selected window.  */
  sw = w;

  pending = false;
  forget_escape_and_glyphless_faces ();

  inhibit_free_realized_faces = false;

  /* If face_change, init_iterator will free all realized faces, which
     includes the faces referenced from current matrices.  So, we
     can't reuse current matrices in this case.  */
  if (face_change)
    windows_or_buffers_changed = 47;

  if ((FRAME_TERMCAP_P (sf) || FRAME_MSDOS_P (sf))
      && FRAME_TTY (sf)->previous_frame != sf)
    {
      /* Since frames on a single ASCII terminal share the same
         display area, displaying a different frame means redisplay
         the whole thing.  */
      SET_FRAME_GARBAGED (sf);
#ifndef DOS_NT
      set_tty_color_mode (FRAME_TTY (sf), sf);
#endif
      FRAME_TTY (sf)->previous_frame = sf;
    }

  /* Set the visible flags for all frames.  Do this before checking for
     resized or garbaged frames; they want to know if their frames are
     visible.  See the comment in frame.h for FRAME_SAMPLE_VISIBILITY.  */
  number_of_visible_frames = 0;

  FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
    {
      struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);

      if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f))
        {
          ++number_of_visible_frames;
          /* Adjust matrices for visible frames only.  */
          if (f->fonts_changed)
            {
              adjust_frame_glyphs (f);
              /* Disable all redisplay optimizations for this frame.
                 This is because adjust_frame_glyphs resets the
                 enabled_p flag for all glyph rows of all windows, so
                 many optimizations will fail anyway, and some might
                 fail to test that flag and do bogus things as
                 result.  */
              SET_FRAME_GARBAGED (f);
              f->fonts_changed = false;
            }
          /* If cursor type has been changed on the frame
             other than selected, consider all frames.  */
          if (f != sf && f->cursor_type_changed)
            fset_redisplay (f);
        }
      clear_desired_matrices (f);
    }

  /* Notice any pending interrupt request to change frame size.  */
  do_pending_window_change (true);

  /* do_pending_window_change could change the selected_window due to
     frame resizing which makes the selected window too small.  */
  if (WINDOWP (selected_window) && (w = XWINDOW (selected_window)) != sw)
    sw = w;

  /* Clear frames marked as garbaged.  */
  clear_garbaged_frames ();

  /* Build menubar and tool-bar items.  */
  if (NILP (Vmemory_full))
    prepare_menu_bars ();

  reconsider_clip_changes (w);

  /* In most cases selected window displays current buffer.  */
  match_p = XBUFFER (w->contents) == current_buffer;
  if (match_p)
    {
      /* Detect case that we need to write or remove a star in the mode line.  */
      if ((SAVE_MODIFF < MODIFF) != w->last_had_star)
        w->update_mode_line = true;

      if (mode_line_update_needed (w))
        w->update_mode_line = true;

      /* If reconsider_clip_changes above decided that the narrowing
         in the current buffer changed, make sure all other windows
         showing that buffer will be redisplayed.  */
      if (current_buffer->clip_changed)
        bset_update_mode_line (current_buffer);
    }

  /* Normally the message* functions will have already displayed and
     updated the echo area, but the frame may have been trashed, or
     the update may have been preempted, so display the echo area
     again here.  Checking message_cleared_p captures the case that
     the echo area should be cleared.  */
  if ((!NILP (echo_area_buffer[0]) && !display_last_displayed_message_p)
      || (!NILP (echo_area_buffer[1]) && display_last_displayed_message_p)
      || (message_cleared_p
          && minibuf_level == 0
          /* If the mini-window is currently selected, this means the
             echo-area doesn't show through.  */
          && !MINI_WINDOW_P (XWINDOW (selected_window))))
    {
      echo_area_display (false);

      /* If echo_area_display resizes the mini-window, the redisplay and
         window_sizes_changed flags of the selected frame are set, but
         it's too late for the hooks in window-size-change-functions,
         which have been examined already in prepare_menu_bars.  So in
         that case we call the hooks here only for the selected frame.  */
      if (sf->redisplay)
        {
          ptrdiff_t count1 = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

          record_unwind_save_match_data ();
          run_window_size_change_functions (selected_frame);
          unbind_to (count1, Qnil);
        }

      if (message_cleared_p)
        update_miniwindow_p = true;

      must_finish = true;

      /* If we don't display the current message, don't clear the
         message_cleared_p flag, because, if we did, we wouldn't clear
         the echo area in the next redisplay which doesn't preserve
         the echo area.  */
      if (!display_last_displayed_message_p)
        message_cleared_p = false;
    }
  else if (EQ (selected_window, minibuf_window)
           && (current_buffer->clip_changed || window_outdated (w))
           && resize_mini_window (w, false))
    {
      if (sf->redisplay)
        {
          ptrdiff_t count1 = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

          record_unwind_save_match_data ();
          run_window_size_change_functions (selected_frame);
          unbind_to (count1, Qnil);
        }

      /* Resized active mini-window to fit the size of what it is
         showing if its contents might have changed.  */
      must_finish = true;

      /* If window configuration was changed, frames may have been
         marked garbaged.  Clear them or we will experience
         surprises wrt scrolling.  */
      clear_garbaged_frames ();
    }

  if (windows_or_buffers_changed && !update_mode_lines)
    /* Code that sets windows_or_buffers_changed doesn't distinguish whether
       only the windows's contents needs to be refreshed, or whether the
       mode-lines also need a refresh.  */
    update_mode_lines = (windows_or_buffers_changed == REDISPLAY_SOME
                         ? REDISPLAY_SOME : 32);

  /* If specs for an arrow have changed, do thorough redisplay
     to ensure we remove any arrow that should no longer exist.  */
  /* Apparently, this is the only case where we update other windows,
     without updating other mode-lines.  */
  overlay_arrows_changed_p (true);

  consider_all_windows_p = (update_mode_lines
                            || windows_or_buffers_changed);

#define AINC(a,i)                                                       \
  {                                                                     \
    Lisp_Object entry = Fgethash (make_number (i), a, make_number (0)); \
    if (INTEGERP (entry))                                               \
      Fputhash (make_number (i), make_number (1 + XINT (entry)), a);    \
  }

  AINC (Vredisplay__all_windows_cause, windows_or_buffers_changed);
  AINC (Vredisplay__mode_lines_cause, update_mode_lines);

  /* Optimize the case that only the line containing the cursor in the
     selected window has changed.  Variables starting with this_ are
     set in display_line and record information about the line
     containing the cursor.  */
  tlbufpos = this_line_start_pos;
  tlendpos = this_line_end_pos;
  if (!consider_all_windows_p
      && CHARPOS (tlbufpos) > 0
      && !w->update_mode_line
      && !current_buffer->clip_changed
      && !current_buffer->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p
      && FRAME_VISIBLE_P (XFRAME (w->frame))
      && !FRAME_OBSCURED_P (XFRAME (w->frame))
      && !XFRAME (w->frame)->cursor_type_changed
      && !XFRAME (w->frame)->face_change
      /* Make sure recorded data applies to current buffer, etc.  */
      && this_line_buffer == current_buffer
      && match_p
      && !w->force_start
      && !w->optional_new_start
      /* Point must be on the line that we have info recorded about.  */
      && PT >= CHARPOS (tlbufpos)
      && PT <= Z - CHARPOS (tlendpos)
      /* All text outside that line, including its final newline,
         must be unchanged.  */
      && text_outside_line_unchanged_p (w, CHARPOS (tlbufpos),
                                        CHARPOS (tlendpos)))
    {
      if (CHARPOS (tlbufpos) > BEGV
          && FETCH_BYTE (BYTEPOS (tlbufpos) - 1) != '\n'
          && (CHARPOS (tlbufpos) == ZV
              || FETCH_BYTE (BYTEPOS (tlbufpos)) == '\n'))
        /* Former continuation line has disappeared by becoming empty.  */
        goto cancel;
      else if (window_outdated (w) || MINI_WINDOW_P (w))
        {
          /* We have to handle the case of continuation around a
             wide-column character (see the comment in indent.c around
             line 1340).

             For instance, in the following case:

             --------  Insert  --------
             K_A_N_\\   `a'    K_A_N_a\         `X_' are wide-column chars.
             J_I_       ==>    J_I_             `^^' are cursors.
             ^^                ^^
             --------          --------

             As we have to redraw the line above, we cannot use this
             optimization.  */

          struct it it;
          int line_height_before = this_line_pixel_height;

          /* Note that start_display will handle the case that the
             line starting at tlbufpos is a continuation line.  */
          start_display (&it, w, tlbufpos);

          /* Implementation note: It this still necessary?  */
          if (it.current_x != this_line_start_x)
            goto cancel;

          TRACE ((stderr, "trying display optimization 1\n"));
          w->cursor.vpos = -1;
          overlay_arrow_seen = false;
          it.vpos = this_line_vpos;
          it.current_y = this_line_y;
          it.glyph_row = MATRIX_ROW (w->desired_matrix, this_line_vpos);
          display_line (&it, -1);

          /* If line contains point, is not continued,
             and ends at same distance from eob as before, we win.  */
          if (w->cursor.vpos >= 0
              /* Line is not continued, otherwise this_line_start_pos
                 would have been set to 0 in display_line.  */
              && CHARPOS (this_line_start_pos)
              /* Line ends as before.  */
              && CHARPOS (this_line_end_pos) == CHARPOS (tlendpos)
              /* Line has same height as before.  Otherwise other lines
                 would have to be shifted up or down.  */
              && this_line_pixel_height == line_height_before)
            {
              /* If this is not the window's last line, we must adjust
                 the charstarts of the lines below.  */
              if (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y)
                {
                  struct glyph_row *row
                    = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, this_line_vpos + 1);
                  ptrdiff_t delta, delta_bytes;

                  /* We used to distinguish between two cases here,
                     conditioned by Z - CHARPOS (tlendpos) == ZV, for
                     when the line ends in a newline or the end of the
                     buffer's accessible portion.  But both cases did
                     the same, so they were collapsed.  */
                  delta = (Z
                           - CHARPOS (tlendpos)
                           - MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row));
                  delta_bytes = (Z_BYTE
                                 - BYTEPOS (tlendpos)
                                 - MATRIX_ROW_START_BYTEPOS (row));

                  increment_matrix_positions (w->current_matrix,
                                              this_line_vpos + 1,
                                              w->current_matrix->nrows,
                                              delta, delta_bytes);
                }

              /* If this row displays text now but previously didn't,
                 or vice versa, w->window_end_vpos may have to be
                 adjusted.  */
              if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (it.glyph_row - 1))
                {
                  if (w->window_end_vpos < this_line_vpos)
                    w->window_end_vpos = this_line_vpos;
                }
              else if (w->window_end_vpos == this_line_vpos
                       && this_line_vpos > 0)
                w->window_end_vpos = this_line_vpos - 1;
              w->window_end_valid = false;

              /* Update hint: No need to try to scroll in update_window.  */
              w->desired_matrix->no_scrolling_p = true;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
              *w->desired_matrix->method = 0;
              debug_method_add (w, "optimization 1");
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
              update_window_fringes (w, false);
#endif
              goto update;
            }
          else
            goto cancel;
        }
      else if (/* Cursor position hasn't changed.  */
               PT == w->last_point
               /* Make sure the cursor was last displayed
                  in this window.  Otherwise we have to reposition it.  */

               /* PXW: Must be converted to pixels, probably.  */
               && 0 <= w->cursor.vpos
               && w->cursor.vpos < WINDOW_TOTAL_LINES (w))
        {
          if (!must_finish)
            {
              do_pending_window_change (true);
              /* If selected_window changed, redisplay again.  */
              if (WINDOWP (selected_window)
                  && (w = XWINDOW (selected_window)) != sw)
                goto retry;

              /* We used to always goto end_of_redisplay here, but this
                 isn't enough if we have a blinking cursor.  */
              if (w->cursor_off_p == w->last_cursor_off_p)
                goto end_of_redisplay;
            }
          goto update;
        }
      /* If highlighting the region, or if the cursor is in the echo area,
         then we can't just move the cursor.  */
      else if (NILP (Vshow_trailing_whitespace)
               && !cursor_in_echo_area)
        {
          struct it it;
          struct glyph_row *row;

          /* Skip from tlbufpos to PT and see where it is.  Note that
             PT may be in invisible text.  If so, we will end at the
             next visible position.  */
          init_iterator (&it, w, CHARPOS (tlbufpos), BYTEPOS (tlbufpos),
                         NULL, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
          it.current_x = this_line_start_x;
          it.current_y = this_line_y;
          it.vpos = this_line_vpos;

          /* The call to move_it_to stops in front of PT, but
             moves over before-strings.  */
          move_it_to (&it, PT, -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);

          if (it.vpos == this_line_vpos
              && (row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, this_line_vpos),
                  row->enabled_p))
            {
              eassert (this_line_vpos == it.vpos);
              eassert (this_line_y == it.current_y);
              set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);
              if (cursor_row_fully_visible_p (w, false, true))
                {
#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
                  *w->desired_matrix->method = 0;
                  debug_method_add (w, "optimization 3");
#endif
                  goto update;
                }
              else
                goto cancel;
            }
          else
            goto cancel;
        }

    cancel:
      /* Text changed drastically or point moved off of line.  */
      SET_MATRIX_ROW_ENABLED_P (w->desired_matrix, this_line_vpos, false);
    }

  CHARPOS (this_line_start_pos) = 0;
  ++clear_face_cache_count;
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  ++clear_image_cache_count;
#endif

  /* Build desired matrices, and update the display.  If
     consider_all_windows_p, do it for all windows on all frames that
     require redisplay, as specified by their 'redisplay' flag.
     Otherwise do it for selected_window, only.  */

  if (consider_all_windows_p)
    {
      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        XFRAME (frame)->updated_p = false;

      propagate_buffer_redisplay ();

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);

          /* We don't have to do anything for unselected terminal
             frames.  */
          if ((FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f) || FRAME_MSDOS_P (f))
              && !EQ (FRAME_TTY (f)->top_frame, frame))
            continue;

        retry_frame:
          if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) || FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f) || f == sf)
            {
              bool gcscrollbars
                /* Only GC scrollbars when we redisplay the whole frame.  */
                = f->redisplay || !REDISPLAY_SOME_P ();
              bool f_redisplay_flag = f->redisplay;
              /* Mark all the scroll bars to be removed; we'll redeem
                 the ones we want when we redisplay their windows.  */
              if (gcscrollbars && FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->condemn_scroll_bars_hook)
                FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->condemn_scroll_bars_hook (f);

              if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f) && !FRAME_OBSCURED_P (f))
                redisplay_windows (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f));
              /* Remember that the invisible frames need to be redisplayed next
                 time they're visible.  */
              else if (!REDISPLAY_SOME_P ())
                f->redisplay = true;

              /* The X error handler may have deleted that frame.  */
              if (!FRAME_LIVE_P (f))
                continue;

              /* Any scroll bars which redisplay_windows should have
                 nuked should now go away.  */
              if (gcscrollbars && FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->judge_scroll_bars_hook)
                FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->judge_scroll_bars_hook (f);

              if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f) && !FRAME_OBSCURED_P (f))
                {
                  /* If fonts changed on visible frame, display again.  */
                  if (f->fonts_changed)
                    {
                      adjust_frame_glyphs (f);
                      /* Disable all redisplay optimizations for this
                         frame.  For the reasons, see the comment near
                         the previous call to adjust_frame_glyphs above.  */
                      SET_FRAME_GARBAGED (f);
                      f->fonts_changed = false;
                      goto retry_frame;
                    }

                  /* See if we have to hscroll.  */
                  if (!f->already_hscrolled_p)
                    {
                      f->already_hscrolled_p = true;
                      if (hscroll_retries <= MAX_HSCROLL_RETRIES
                          && hscroll_windows (f->root_window))
                        {
                          hscroll_retries++;
                          goto retry_frame;
                        }
                    }

                  /* If the frame's redisplay flag was not set before
                     we went about redisplaying its windows, but it is
                     set now, that means we employed some redisplay
                     optimizations inside redisplay_windows, and
                     bypassed producing some screen lines.  But if
                     f->redisplay is now set, it might mean the old
                     faces are no longer valid (e.g., if redisplaying
                     some window called some Lisp which defined a new
                     face or redefined an existing face), so trying to
                     use them in update_frame will segfault.
                     Therefore, we must redisplay this frame.  */
                  if (!f_redisplay_flag && f->redisplay)
                    goto retry_frame;
                  /* In some case (e.g., window resize), we notice
                     only during window updating that the window
                     content changed unpredictably (e.g., a GTK
                     scrollbar moved, or some Lisp hook that winds up
                     calling adjust_frame_glyphs) and that our
                     previous estimation of the frame content was
                     garbage.  We have to start over.  These cases
                     should be rare, so going all the way back to the
                     top of redisplay should be good enough.  */
                  if (FRAME_GARBAGED_P (f)
                      && garbaged_frame_retries++ < MAX_GARBAGED_FRAME_RETRIES)
                    goto retry;

#if defined (HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM) && !defined (HAVE_NS)
                  x_clear_under_internal_border (f);
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM && !HAVE_NS */

                  /* Prevent various kinds of signals during display
                     update.  stdio is not robust about handling
                     signals, which can cause an apparent I/O error.  */
                  if (interrupt_input)
                    unrequest_sigio ();
                  STOP_POLLING;

                  pending |= update_frame (f, false, false);
                  f->cursor_type_changed = false;
                  f->updated_p = true;
                }
            }
        }

      eassert (EQ (XFRAME (selected_frame)->selected_window, selected_window));

      if (!pending)
        {
          /* Do the mark_window_display_accurate after all windows have
             been redisplayed because this call resets flags in buffers
             which are needed for proper redisplay.  */
          FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
            {
              struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);
              if (f->updated_p)
                {
                  f->redisplay = false;
                  f->garbaged = false;
                  mark_window_display_accurate (f->root_window, true);
                  if (FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->frame_up_to_date_hook)
                    FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->frame_up_to_date_hook (f);
                }
            }
        }
    }
  else if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (sf) && !FRAME_OBSCURED_P (sf))
    {
      displayed_buffer = XBUFFER (XWINDOW (selected_window)->contents);
      /* Use list_of_error, not Qerror, so that
         we catch only errors and don't run the debugger.  */
      internal_condition_case_1 (redisplay_window_1, selected_window,
                                 list_of_error,
                                 redisplay_window_error);
      if (update_miniwindow_p)
        internal_condition_case_1 (redisplay_window_1,
                                   FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (sf), list_of_error,
                                   redisplay_window_error);

      /* Compare desired and current matrices, perform output.  */

    update:
      /* If fonts changed, display again.  Likewise if redisplay_window_1
         above caused some change (e.g., a change in faces) that requires
         considering the entire frame again.  */
      if (sf->fonts_changed || sf->redisplay)
        {
          if (sf->redisplay)
            {
              /* Set this to force a more thorough redisplay.
                 Otherwise, we might immediately loop back to the
                 above "else-if" clause (since all the conditions that
                 led here might still be true), and we will then
                 infloop, because the selected-frame's redisplay flag
                 is not (and cannot be) reset.  */
              windows_or_buffers_changed = 50;
            }
          goto retry;
        }

      /* Prevent freeing of realized faces, since desired matrices are
         pending that reference the faces we computed and cached.  */
      inhibit_free_realized_faces = true;

      /* Prevent various kinds of signals during display update.
         stdio is not robust about handling signals,
         which can cause an apparent I/O error.  */
      if (interrupt_input)
        unrequest_sigio ();
      STOP_POLLING;

      if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (sf) && !FRAME_OBSCURED_P (sf))
        {
          if (hscroll_retries <= MAX_HSCROLL_RETRIES
              && hscroll_windows (selected_window))
            {
              hscroll_retries++;
              goto retry;
            }

          XWINDOW (selected_window)->must_be_updated_p = true;
          pending = update_frame (sf, false, false);
          sf->cursor_type_changed = false;
        }

      /* We may have called echo_area_display at the top of this
         function.  If the echo area is on another frame, that may
         have put text on a frame other than the selected one, so the
         above call to update_frame would not have caught it.  Catch
         it here.  */
      Lisp_Object mini_window = FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (sf);
      struct frame *mini_frame = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (XWINDOW (mini_window)));

      if (mini_frame != sf && FRAME_WINDOW_P (mini_frame))
        {
          XWINDOW (mini_window)->must_be_updated_p = true;
          pending |= update_frame (mini_frame, false, false);
          mini_frame->cursor_type_changed = false;
          if (!pending && hscroll_retries <= MAX_HSCROLL_RETRIES
              && hscroll_windows (mini_window))
            {
              hscroll_retries++;
              goto retry;
            }
        }
    }

  /* If display was paused because of pending input, make sure we do a
     thorough update the next time.  */
  if (pending)
    {
      /* Prevent the optimization at the beginning of
         redisplay_internal that tries a single-line update of the
         line containing the cursor in the selected window.  */
      CHARPOS (this_line_start_pos) = 0;

      /* Let the overlay arrow be updated the next time.  */
      update_overlay_arrows (0);

      /* If we pause after scrolling, some rows in the current
         matrices of some windows are not valid.  */
      if (!WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w)
          && !FRAME_WINDOW_P (XFRAME (w->frame)))
        update_mode_lines = 36;
    }
  else
    {
      if (!consider_all_windows_p)
        {
          /* This has already been done above if
             consider_all_windows_p is set.  */
          if (XBUFFER (w->contents)->text->redisplay
              && buffer_window_count (XBUFFER (w->contents)) > 1)
            /* This can happen if b->text->redisplay was set during
               jit-lock.  */
            propagate_buffer_redisplay ();
          mark_window_display_accurate_1 (w, true);

          /* Say overlay arrows are up to date.  */
          update_overlay_arrows (1);

          if (FRAME_TERMINAL (sf)->frame_up_to_date_hook != 0)
            FRAME_TERMINAL (sf)->frame_up_to_date_hook (sf);
        }

      update_mode_lines = 0;
      windows_or_buffers_changed = 0;
    }

  /* Start SIGIO interrupts coming again.  Having them off during the
     code above makes it less likely one will discard output, but not
     impossible, since there might be stuff in the system buffer here.
     But it is much hairier to try to do anything about that.  */
  if (interrupt_input)
    request_sigio ();
  RESUME_POLLING;

  /* If a frame has become visible which was not before, redisplay
     again, so that we display it.  Expose events for such a frame
     (which it gets when becoming visible) don't call the parts of
     redisplay constructing glyphs, so simply exposing a frame won't
     display anything in this case.  So, we have to display these
     frames here explicitly.  */
  if (!pending)
    {
      int new_count = 0;

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          if (XFRAME (frame)->visible)
            new_count++;
        }

      if (new_count != number_of_visible_frames)
        windows_or_buffers_changed = 52;
    }

  /* Change frame size now if a change is pending.  */
  do_pending_window_change (true);

  /* If we just did a pending size change, or have additional
     visible frames, or selected_window changed, redisplay again.  */
  if ((windows_or_buffers_changed && !pending)
      || (WINDOWP (selected_window) && (w = XWINDOW (selected_window)) != sw))
    goto retry;

  /* Clear the face and image caches.

     We used to do this only if consider_all_windows_p.  But the cache
     needs to be cleared if a timer creates images in the current
     buffer (e.g. the test case in Bug#6230).  */

  if (clear_face_cache_count > CLEAR_FACE_CACHE_COUNT)
    {
      clear_face_cache (false);
      clear_face_cache_count = 0;
    }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (clear_image_cache_count > CLEAR_IMAGE_CACHE_COUNT)
    {
      clear_image_caches (Qnil);
      clear_image_cache_count = 0;
    }
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

 end_of_redisplay:
#ifdef HAVE_NS
  ns_set_doc_edited ();
#endif
  if (interrupt_input && interrupts_deferred)
    request_sigio ();

  unbind_to (count, Qnil);
  RESUME_POLLING;
}

static void
unwind_redisplay_preserve_echo_area (void)
{
  unblock_buffer_flips ();
}

/* Redisplay, but leave alone any recent echo area message unless
   another message has been requested in its place.

   This is useful in situations where you need to redisplay but no
   user action has occurred, making it inappropriate for the message
   area to be cleared.  See tracking_off and
   wait_reading_process_output for examples of these situations.

   FROM_WHERE is an integer saying from where this function was
   called.  This is useful for debugging.  */

void
redisplay_preserve_echo_area (int from_where)
{
  TRACE ((stderr, "redisplay_preserve_echo_area (%d)\n", from_where));

  block_input ();
  ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
  record_unwind_protect_void (unwind_redisplay_preserve_echo_area);
  block_buffer_flips ();
  unblock_input ();

  if (!NILP (echo_area_buffer[1]))
    {
      /* We have a previously displayed message, but no current
         message.  Redisplay the previous message.  */
      display_last_displayed_message_p = true;
      redisplay_internal ();
      display_last_displayed_message_p = false;
    }
  else
    redisplay_internal ();

  flush_frame (SELECTED_FRAME ());
  unbind_to (count, Qnil);
}


/* Function registered with record_unwind_protect in redisplay_internal.  */

static void
unwind_redisplay (void)
{
  redisplaying_p = false;
  unblock_buffer_flips ();
#ifdef NS_IMPL_COCOA
  /* On macOS we may have disabled screen updates due to window
     resizing.  When redisplay completes we want to re-enable
     them.  */
  ns_enable_screen_updates ();
#endif
}


/* Mark the display of leaf window W as accurate or inaccurate.
   If ACCURATE_P, mark display of W as accurate.
   If !ACCURATE_P, arrange for W to be redisplayed the next
   time redisplay_internal is called.  */

static void
mark_window_display_accurate_1 (struct window *w, bool accurate_p)
{
  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);

  w->last_modified = accurate_p ? BUF_MODIFF (b) : 0;
  w->last_overlay_modified = accurate_p ? BUF_OVERLAY_MODIFF (b) : 0;
  w->last_had_star = BUF_MODIFF (b) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b);

  if (accurate_p)
    {
      b->clip_changed = false;
      b->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p = false;
      eassert (buffer_window_count (b) > 0);
      /* Resetting b->text->redisplay is problematic!
         In order to make it safer to do it here, redisplay_internal must
         have copied all b->text->redisplay to their respective windows.  */
      b->text->redisplay = false;

      BUF_UNCHANGED_MODIFIED (b) = BUF_MODIFF (b);
      BUF_OVERLAY_UNCHANGED_MODIFIED (b) = BUF_OVERLAY_MODIFF (b);
      BUF_BEG_UNCHANGED (b) = BUF_GPT (b) - BUF_BEG (b);
      BUF_END_UNCHANGED (b) = BUF_Z (b) - BUF_GPT (b);

      w->current_matrix->buffer = b;
      w->current_matrix->begv = BUF_BEGV (b);
      w->current_matrix->zv = BUF_ZV (b);

      w->last_cursor_vpos = w->cursor.vpos;
      w->last_cursor_off_p = w->cursor_off_p;

      if (w == XWINDOW (selected_window))
        w->last_point = BUF_PT (b);
      else
        w->last_point = marker_position (w->pointm);

      w->window_end_valid = true;
      w->update_mode_line = false;
    }

  w->redisplay = !accurate_p;
}


/* Mark the display of windows in the window tree rooted at WINDOW as
   accurate or inaccurate.  If ACCURATE_P, mark display of
   windows as accurate.  If !ACCURATE_P, arrange for windows to
   be redisplayed the next time redisplay_internal is called.  */

void
mark_window_display_accurate (Lisp_Object window, bool accurate_p)
{
  struct window *w;

  for (; !NILP (window); window = w->next)
    {
      w = XWINDOW (window);
      if (WINDOWP (w->contents))
        mark_window_display_accurate (w->contents, accurate_p);
      else
        mark_window_display_accurate_1 (w, accurate_p);
    }

  if (accurate_p)
    update_overlay_arrows (1);
  else
    /* Force a thorough redisplay the next time by setting
       last_arrow_position and last_arrow_string to t, which is
       unequal to any useful value of Voverlay_arrow_...  */
    update_overlay_arrows (-1);
}


/* Return value in display table DP (Lisp_Char_Table *) for character
   C.  Since a display table doesn't have any parent, we don't have to
   follow parent.  Do not call this function directly but use the
   macro DISP_CHAR_VECTOR.  */

Lisp_Object
disp_char_vector (struct Lisp_Char_Table *dp, int c)
{
  Lisp_Object val;

  if (ASCII_CHAR_P (c))
    {
      val = dp->ascii;
      if (SUB_CHAR_TABLE_P (val))
        val = XSUB_CHAR_TABLE (val)->contents[c];
    }
  else
    {
      Lisp_Object table;

      XSETCHAR_TABLE (table, dp);
      val = char_table_ref (table, c);
    }
  if (NILP (val))
    val = dp->defalt;
  return val;
}

static int buffer_flip_blocked_depth;

static void
block_buffer_flips (void)
{
  eassert (buffer_flip_blocked_depth >= 0);
  buffer_flip_blocked_depth++;
}

static void
unblock_buffer_flips (void)
{
  eassert (buffer_flip_blocked_depth > 0);
  if (--buffer_flip_blocked_depth == 0)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;
      block_input ();
      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);
          if (FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->buffer_flipping_unblocked_hook)
            (*FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->buffer_flipping_unblocked_hook) (f);
        }
      unblock_input ();
    }
}

bool
buffer_flipping_blocked_p (void)
{
  return buffer_flip_blocked_depth > 0;
}

\f
/***********************************************************************
                           Window Redisplay
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Redisplay all leaf windows in the window tree rooted at WINDOW.  */

static void
redisplay_windows (Lisp_Object window)
{
  while (!NILP (window))
    {
      struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);

      if (WINDOWP (w->contents))
        redisplay_windows (w->contents);
      else if (BUFFERP (w->contents))
        {
          displayed_buffer = XBUFFER (w->contents);
          /* Use list_of_error, not Qerror, so that
             we catch only errors and don't run the debugger.  */
          internal_condition_case_1 (redisplay_window_0, window,
                                     list_of_error,
                                     redisplay_window_error);
        }

      window = w->next;
    }
}

static Lisp_Object
redisplay_window_error (Lisp_Object ignore)
{
  displayed_buffer->display_error_modiff = BUF_MODIFF (displayed_buffer);
  return Qnil;
}

static Lisp_Object
redisplay_window_0 (Lisp_Object window)
{
  if (displayed_buffer->display_error_modiff < BUF_MODIFF (displayed_buffer))
    redisplay_window (window, false);
  return Qnil;
}

static Lisp_Object
redisplay_window_1 (Lisp_Object window)
{
  if (displayed_buffer->display_error_modiff < BUF_MODIFF (displayed_buffer))
    redisplay_window (window, true);
  return Qnil;
}
\f

/* Set cursor position of W.  PT is assumed to be displayed in ROW.
   DELTA and DELTA_BYTES are the numbers of characters and bytes by
   which positions recorded in ROW differ from current buffer
   positions.

   Return true iff cursor is on this row.  */

static bool
set_cursor_from_row (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row,
                     struct glyph_matrix *matrix,
                     ptrdiff_t delta, ptrdiff_t delta_bytes,
                     int dy, int dvpos)
{
  struct glyph *glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
  struct glyph *end = glyph + row->used[TEXT_AREA];
  struct glyph *cursor = NULL;
  /* The last known character position in row.  */
  ptrdiff_t last_pos = MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) + delta;
  int x = row->x;
  ptrdiff_t pt_old = PT - delta;
  ptrdiff_t pos_before = MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) + delta;
  ptrdiff_t pos_after = MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) + delta;
  struct glyph *glyph_before = glyph - 1, *glyph_after = end;
  /* A glyph beyond the edge of TEXT_AREA which we should never
     touch.  */
  struct glyph *glyphs_end = end;
  /* True means we've found a match for cursor position, but that
     glyph has the avoid_cursor_p flag set.  */
  bool match_with_avoid_cursor = false;
  /* True means we've seen at least one glyph that came from a
     display string.  */
  bool string_seen = false;
  /* Largest and smallest buffer positions seen so far during scan of
     glyph row.  */
  ptrdiff_t bpos_max = pos_before;
  ptrdiff_t bpos_min = pos_after;
  /* Last buffer position covered by an overlay string with an integer
     `cursor' property.  */
  ptrdiff_t bpos_covered = 0;
  /* True means the display string on which to display the cursor
     comes from a text property, not from an overlay.  */
  bool string_from_text_prop = false;

  /* Don't even try doing anything if called for a mode-line or
     header-line row, since the rest of the code isn't prepared to
     deal with such calamities.  */
  eassert (!row->mode_line_p);
  if (row->mode_line_p)
    return false;

  /* Skip over glyphs not having an object at the start and the end of
     the row.  These are special glyphs like truncation marks on
     terminal frames.  */
  if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))
    {
      if (!row->reversed_p)
        {
          while (glyph < end
                 && NILP (glyph->object)
                 && glyph->charpos < 0)
            {
              x += glyph->pixel_width;
              ++glyph;
            }
          while (end > glyph
                 && NILP ((end - 1)->object)
                 /* CHARPOS is zero for blanks and stretch glyphs
                    inserted by extend_face_to_end_of_line.  */
                 && (end - 1)->charpos <= 0)
            --end;
          glyph_before = glyph - 1;
          glyph_after = end;
        }
      else
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          /* If the glyph row is reversed, we need to process it from back
             to front, so swap the edge pointers.  */
          glyphs_end = end = glyph - 1;
          glyph += row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

          while (glyph > end + 1
                 && NILP (glyph->object)
                 && glyph->charpos < 0)
            --glyph;
          if (NILP (glyph->object) && glyph->charpos < 0)
            --glyph;
          /* By default, in reversed rows we put the cursor on the
             rightmost (first in the reading order) glyph.  */
          for (x = 0, g = end + 1; g < glyph; g++)
            x += g->pixel_width;
          while (end < glyph
                 && NILP ((end + 1)->object)
                 && (end + 1)->charpos <= 0)
            ++end;
          glyph_before = glyph + 1;
          glyph_after = end;
        }
    }
  else if (row->reversed_p)
    {
      /* In R2L rows that don't display text, put the cursor on the
         rightmost glyph.  Case in point: an empty last line that is
         part of an R2L paragraph.  */
      cursor = end - 1;
      /* Avoid placing the cursor on the last glyph of the row, where
         on terminal frames we hold the vertical border between
         adjacent windows.  */
      if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (WINDOW_XFRAME (w))
          && !WINDOW_RIGHTMOST_P (w)
          && cursor == row->glyphs[LAST_AREA] - 1)
        cursor--;
      x = -1;   /* will be computed below, at label compute_x */
    }

  /* Step 1: Try to find the glyph whose character position
     corresponds to point.  If that's not possible, find 2 glyphs
     whose character positions are the closest to point, one before
     point, the other after it.  */
  if (!row->reversed_p)
    while (/* not marched to end of glyph row */
           glyph < end
           /* glyph was not inserted by redisplay for internal purposes */
           && !NILP (glyph->object))
      {
        if (BUFFERP (glyph->object))
          {
            ptrdiff_t dpos = glyph->charpos - pt_old;

            if (glyph->charpos > bpos_max)
              bpos_max = glyph->charpos;
            if (glyph->charpos < bpos_min)
              bpos_min = glyph->charpos;
            if (!glyph->avoid_cursor_p)
              {
                /* If we hit point, we've found the glyph on which to
                   display the cursor.  */
                if (dpos == 0)
                  {
                    match_with_avoid_cursor = false;
                    break;
                  }
                /* See if we've found a better approximation to
                   POS_BEFORE or to POS_AFTER.  */
                if (0 > dpos && dpos > pos_before - pt_old)
                  {
                    pos_before = glyph->charpos;
                    glyph_before = glyph;
                  }
                else if (0 < dpos && dpos < pos_after - pt_old)
                  {
                    pos_after = glyph->charpos;
                    glyph_after = glyph;
                  }
              }
            else if (dpos == 0)
              match_with_avoid_cursor = true;
          }
        else if (STRINGP (glyph->object))
          {
            Lisp_Object chprop;
            ptrdiff_t glyph_pos = glyph->charpos;

            chprop = Fget_char_property (make_number (glyph_pos), Qcursor,
                                         glyph->object);
            if (!NILP (chprop))
              {
                /* If the string came from a `display' text property,
                   look up the buffer position of that property and
                   use that position to update bpos_max, as if we
                   actually saw such a position in one of the row's
                   glyphs.  This helps with supporting integer values
                   of `cursor' property on the display string in
                   situations where most or all of the row's buffer
                   text is completely covered by display properties,
                   so that no glyph with valid buffer positions is
                   ever seen in the row.  */
                ptrdiff_t prop_pos =
                  string_buffer_position_lim (glyph->object, pos_before,
                                              pos_after, false);

                if (prop_pos >= pos_before)
                  bpos_max = prop_pos;
              }
            if (INTEGERP (chprop))
              {
                bpos_covered = bpos_max + XINT (chprop);
                /* If the `cursor' property covers buffer positions up
                   to and including point, we should display cursor on
                   this glyph.  Note that, if a `cursor' property on one
                   of the string's characters has an integer value, we
                   will break out of the loop below _before_ we get to
                   the position match above.  IOW, integer values of
                   the `cursor' property override the "exact match for
                   point" strategy of positioning the cursor.  */
                /* Implementation note: bpos_max == pt_old when, e.g.,
                   we are in an empty line, where bpos_max is set to
                   MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS, see above.  */
                if (bpos_max <= pt_old && bpos_covered >= pt_old)
                  {
                    cursor = glyph;
                    break;
                  }
              }

            string_seen = true;
          }
        x += glyph->pixel_width;
        ++glyph;
      }
  else if (glyph > end) /* row is reversed */
    while (!NILP (glyph->object))
      {
        if (BUFFERP (glyph->object))
          {
            ptrdiff_t dpos = glyph->charpos - pt_old;

            if (glyph->charpos > bpos_max)
              bpos_max = glyph->charpos;
            if (glyph->charpos < bpos_min)
              bpos_min = glyph->charpos;
            if (!glyph->avoid_cursor_p)
              {
                if (dpos == 0)
                  {
                    match_with_avoid_cursor = false;
                    break;
                  }
                if (0 > dpos && dpos > pos_before - pt_old)
                  {
                    pos_before = glyph->charpos;
                    glyph_before = glyph;
                  }
                else if (0 < dpos && dpos < pos_after - pt_old)
                  {
                    pos_after = glyph->charpos;
                    glyph_after = glyph;
                  }
              }
            else if (dpos == 0)
              match_with_avoid_cursor = true;
          }
        else if (STRINGP (glyph->object))
          {
            Lisp_Object chprop;
            ptrdiff_t glyph_pos = glyph->charpos;

            chprop = Fget_char_property (make_number (glyph_pos), Qcursor,
                                         glyph->object);
            if (!NILP (chprop))
              {
                ptrdiff_t prop_pos =
                  string_buffer_position_lim (glyph->object, pos_before,
                                              pos_after, false);

                if (prop_pos >= pos_before)
                  bpos_max = prop_pos;
              }
            if (INTEGERP (chprop))
              {
                bpos_covered = bpos_max + XINT (chprop);
                /* If the `cursor' property covers buffer positions up
                   to and including point, we should display cursor on
                   this glyph.  */
                if (bpos_max <= pt_old && bpos_covered >= pt_old)
                  {
                    cursor = glyph;
                    break;
                  }
              }
            string_seen = true;
          }
        --glyph;
        if (glyph == glyphs_end) /* don't dereference outside TEXT_AREA */
          {
            x--;                /* can't use any pixel_width */
            break;
          }
        x -= glyph->pixel_width;
    }

  /* Step 2: If we didn't find an exact match for point, we need to
     look for a proper place to put the cursor among glyphs between
     GLYPH_BEFORE and GLYPH_AFTER.  */
  if (!((row->reversed_p ? glyph > glyphs_end : glyph < glyphs_end)
        && BUFFERP (glyph->object) && glyph->charpos == pt_old)
      && !(bpos_max <= pt_old && pt_old <= bpos_covered))
    {
      /* An empty line has a single glyph whose OBJECT is nil and
         whose CHARPOS is the position of a newline on that line.
         Note that on a TTY, there are more glyphs after that, which
         were produced by extend_face_to_end_of_line, but their
         CHARPOS is zero or negative.  */
      bool empty_line_p =
        ((row->reversed_p ? glyph > glyphs_end : glyph < glyphs_end)
         && NILP (glyph->object) && glyph->charpos > 0
         /* On a TTY, continued and truncated rows also have a glyph at
            their end whose OBJECT is nil and whose CHARPOS is
            positive (the continuation and truncation glyphs), but such
            rows are obviously not "empty".  */
         && !(row->continued_p || row->truncated_on_right_p));

      if (row->ends_in_ellipsis_p && pos_after == last_pos)
        {
          ptrdiff_t ellipsis_pos;

          /* Scan back over the ellipsis glyphs.  */
          if (!row->reversed_p)
            {
              ellipsis_pos = (glyph - 1)->charpos;
              while (glyph > row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                     && (glyph - 1)->charpos == ellipsis_pos)
                glyph--, x -= glyph->pixel_width;
              /* That loop always goes one position too far, including
                 the glyph before the ellipsis.  So scan forward over
                 that one.  */
              x += glyph->pixel_width;
              glyph++;
            }
          else  /* row is reversed */
            {
              ellipsis_pos = (glyph + 1)->charpos;
              while (glyph < row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1
                     && (glyph + 1)->charpos == ellipsis_pos)
                glyph++, x += glyph->pixel_width;
              x -= glyph->pixel_width;
              glyph--;
            }
        }
      else if (match_with_avoid_cursor)
        {
          cursor = glyph_after;
          x = -1;
        }
      else if (string_seen)
        {
          int incr = row->reversed_p ? -1 : +1;

          /* Need to find the glyph that came out of a string which is
             present at point.  That glyph is somewhere between
             GLYPH_BEFORE and GLYPH_AFTER, and it came from a string
             positioned between POS_BEFORE and POS_AFTER in the
             buffer.  */
          struct glyph *start, *stop;
          ptrdiff_t pos = pos_before;

          x = -1;

          /* If the row ends in a newline from a display string,
             reordering could have moved the glyphs belonging to the
             string out of the [GLYPH_BEFORE..GLYPH_AFTER] range.  So
             in this case we extend the search to the last glyph in
             the row that was not inserted by redisplay.  */
          if (row->ends_in_newline_from_string_p)
            {
              glyph_after = end;
              pos_after = MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) + delta;
            }

          /* GLYPH_BEFORE and GLYPH_AFTER are the glyphs that
             correspond to POS_BEFORE and POS_AFTER, respectively.  We
             need START and STOP in the order that corresponds to the
             row's direction as given by its reversed_p flag.  If the
             directionality of characters between POS_BEFORE and
             POS_AFTER is the opposite of the row's base direction,
             these characters will have been reordered for display,
             and we need to reverse START and STOP.  */
          if (!row->reversed_p)
            {
              start = min (glyph_before, glyph_after);
              stop = max (glyph_before, glyph_after);
            }
          else
            {
              start = max (glyph_before, glyph_after);
              stop = min (glyph_before, glyph_after);
            }
          for (glyph = start + incr;
               row->reversed_p ? glyph > stop : glyph < stop; )
            {

              /* Any glyphs that come from the buffer are here because
                 of bidi reordering.  Skip them, and only pay
                 attention to glyphs that came from some string.  */
              if (STRINGP (glyph->object))
                {
                  Lisp_Object str;
                  ptrdiff_t tem;
                  /* If the display property covers the newline, we
                     need to search for it one position farther.  */
                  ptrdiff_t lim = pos_after
                    + (pos_after == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) + delta);

                  string_from_text_prop = false;
                  str = glyph->object;
                  tem = string_buffer_position_lim (str, pos, lim, false);
                  if (tem == 0  /* from overlay */
                      || pos <= tem)
                    {
                      /* If the string from which this glyph came is
                         found in the buffer at point, or at position
                         that is closer to point than pos_after, then
                         we've found the glyph we've been looking for.
                         If it comes from an overlay (tem == 0), and
                         it has the `cursor' property on one of its
                         glyphs, record that glyph as a candidate for
                         displaying the cursor.  (As in the
                         unidirectional version, we will display the
                         cursor on the last candidate we find.)  */
                      if (tem == 0
                          || tem == pt_old
                          || (tem - pt_old > 0 && tem < pos_after))
                        {
                          /* The glyphs from this string could have
                             been reordered.  Find the one with the
                             smallest string position.  Or there could
                             be a character in the string with the
                             `cursor' property, which means display
                             cursor on that character's glyph.  */
                          ptrdiff_t strpos = glyph->charpos;

                          if (tem)
                            {
                              cursor = glyph;
                              string_from_text_prop = true;
                            }
                          for ( ;
                               (row->reversed_p ? glyph > stop : glyph < stop)
                                 && EQ (glyph->object, str);
                               glyph += incr)
                            {
                              Lisp_Object cprop;
                              ptrdiff_t gpos = glyph->charpos;

                              cprop = Fget_char_property (make_number (gpos),
                                                          Qcursor,
                                                          glyph->object);
                              if (!NILP (cprop))
                                {
                                  cursor = glyph;
                                  break;
                                }
                              if (tem && glyph->charpos < strpos)
                                {
                                  strpos = glyph->charpos;
                                  cursor = glyph;
                                }
                            }

                          if (tem == pt_old
                              || (tem - pt_old > 0 && tem < pos_after))
                            goto compute_x;
                        }
                      if (tem)
                        pos = tem + 1; /* don't find previous instances */
                    }
                  /* This string is not what we want; skip all of the
                     glyphs that came from it.  */
                  while ((row->reversed_p ? glyph > stop : glyph < stop)
                         && EQ (glyph->object, str))
                    glyph += incr;
                }
              else
                glyph += incr;
            }

          /* If we reached the end of the line, and END was from a string,
             the cursor is not on this line.  */
          if (cursor == NULL
              && (row->reversed_p ? glyph <= end : glyph >= end)
              && (row->reversed_p ? end > glyphs_end : end < glyphs_end)
              && STRINGP (end->object)
              && row->continued_p)
            return false;
        }
      /* A truncated row may not include PT among its character positions.
         Setting the cursor inside the scroll margin will trigger
         recalculation of hscroll in hscroll_window_tree.  But if a
         display string covers point, defer to the string-handling
         code below to figure this out.  */
      else if (row->truncated_on_left_p && pt_old < bpos_min)
        {
          cursor = glyph_before;
          x = -1;
        }
      else if ((row->truncated_on_right_p && pt_old > bpos_max)
               /* Zero-width characters produce no glyphs.  */
               || (!empty_line_p
                   && (row->reversed_p
                       ? glyph_after > glyphs_end
                       : glyph_after < glyphs_end)))
        {
          cursor = glyph_after;
          x = -1;
        }
    }

 compute_x:
  if (cursor != NULL)
    glyph = cursor;
  else if (glyph == glyphs_end
           && pos_before == pos_after
           && STRINGP ((row->reversed_p
                        ? row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1
                        : row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA])->object))
    {
      /* If all the glyphs of this row came from strings, put the
         cursor on the first glyph of the row.  This avoids having the
         cursor outside of the text area in this very rare and hard
         use case.  */
      glyph =
        row->reversed_p
        ? row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1
        : row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
    }
  if (x < 0)
    {
      struct glyph *g;

      /* Need to compute x that corresponds to GLYPH.  */
      for (g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA], x = row->x; g < glyph; g++)
        {
          if (g >= row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA])
            emacs_abort ();
          x += g->pixel_width;
        }
    }

  /* ROW could be part of a continued line, which, under bidi
     reordering, might have other rows whose start and end charpos
     occlude point.  Only set w->cursor if we found a better
     approximation to the cursor position than we have from previously
     examined candidate rows belonging to the same continued line.  */
  if (/* We already have a candidate row.  */
      w->cursor.vpos >= 0
      /* That candidate is not the row we are processing.  */
      && MATRIX_ROW (matrix, w->cursor.vpos) != row
      /* Make sure cursor.vpos specifies a row whose start and end
         charpos occlude point, and it is valid candidate for being a
         cursor-row.  This is because some callers of this function
         leave cursor.vpos at the row where the cursor was displayed
         during the last redisplay cycle.  */
      && MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (MATRIX_ROW (matrix, w->cursor.vpos)) <= pt_old
      && pt_old <= MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (MATRIX_ROW (matrix, w->cursor.vpos))
      && cursor_row_p (MATRIX_ROW (matrix, w->cursor.vpos)))
    {
      struct glyph *g1
        = MATRIX_ROW_GLYPH_START (matrix, w->cursor.vpos) + w->cursor.hpos;

      /* Don't consider glyphs that are outside TEXT_AREA.  */
      if (!(row->reversed_p ? glyph > glyphs_end : glyph < glyphs_end))
        return false;
      /* Keep the candidate whose buffer position is the closest to
         point or has the `cursor' property.  */
      if (/* Previous candidate is a glyph in TEXT_AREA of that row.  */
          w->cursor.hpos >= 0
          && w->cursor.hpos < MATRIX_ROW_USED (matrix, w->cursor.vpos)
          && ((BUFFERP (g1->object)
               && (g1->charpos == pt_old /* An exact match always wins.  */
                   || (BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                       && eabs (g1->charpos - pt_old)
                       < eabs (glyph->charpos - pt_old))))
              /* Previous candidate is a glyph from a string that has
                 a non-nil `cursor' property.  */
              || (STRINGP (g1->object)
                  && (!NILP (Fget_char_property (make_number (g1->charpos),
                                                Qcursor, g1->object))
                      /* Previous candidate is from the same display
                         string as this one, and the display string
                         came from a text property.  */
                      || (EQ (g1->object, glyph->object)
                          && string_from_text_prop)
                      /* this candidate is from newline and its
                         position is not an exact match */
                      || (NILP (glyph->object)
                          && glyph->charpos != pt_old)))))
        return false;
      /* If this candidate gives an exact match, use that.  */
      if (!((BUFFERP (glyph->object) && glyph->charpos == pt_old)
            /* If this candidate is a glyph created for the
               terminating newline of a line, and point is on that
               newline, it wins because it's an exact match.  */
            || (!row->continued_p
                && NILP (glyph->object)
                && glyph->charpos == 0
                && pt_old == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) - 1))
          /* Otherwise, keep the candidate that comes from a row
             spanning less buffer positions.  This may win when one or
             both candidate positions are on glyphs that came from
             display strings, for which we cannot compare buffer
             positions.  */
          && MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (MATRIX_ROW (matrix, w->cursor.vpos))
             - MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (MATRIX_ROW (matrix, w->cursor.vpos))
             < MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) - MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row))
        return false;
    }
  w->cursor.hpos = glyph - row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
  w->cursor.x = x;
  w->cursor.vpos = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (row, matrix) + dvpos;
  w->cursor.y = row->y + dy;

  if (w == XWINDOW (selected_window))
    {
      if (!row->continued_p
          && !MATRIX_ROW_CONTINUATION_LINE_P (row)
          && row->x == 0)
        {
          this_line_buffer = XBUFFER (w->contents);

          CHARPOS (this_line_start_pos)
            = MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) + delta;
          BYTEPOS (this_line_start_pos)
            = MATRIX_ROW_START_BYTEPOS (row) + delta_bytes;

          CHARPOS (this_line_end_pos)
            = Z - (MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) + delta);
          BYTEPOS (this_line_end_pos)
            = Z_BYTE - (MATRIX_ROW_END_BYTEPOS (row) + delta_bytes);

          this_line_y = w->cursor.y;
          this_line_pixel_height = row->height;
          this_line_vpos = w->cursor.vpos;
          this_line_start_x = row->x;
        }
      else
        CHARPOS (this_line_start_pos) = 0;
    }

  return true;
}


/* Run window scroll functions, if any, for WINDOW with new window
   start STARTP.  Sets the window start of WINDOW to that position.

   We assume that the window's buffer is really current.  */

static struct text_pos
run_window_scroll_functions (Lisp_Object window, struct text_pos startp)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  SET_MARKER_FROM_TEXT_POS (w->start, startp);

  eassert (current_buffer == XBUFFER (w->contents));

  if (!NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
    {
      run_hook_with_args_2 (Qwindow_scroll_functions, window,
                            make_number (CHARPOS (startp)));
      SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (startp, w->start);
      /* In case the hook functions switch buffers.  */
      set_buffer_internal (XBUFFER (w->contents));
    }

  return startp;
}


/* Make sure the line containing the cursor is fully visible.
   A value of true means there is nothing to be done.
   (Either the line is fully visible, or it cannot be made so,
   or we cannot tell.)

   If FORCE_P, return false even if partial visible cursor row
   is higher than window.

   If CURRENT_MATRIX_P, use the information from the
   window's current glyph matrix; otherwise use the desired glyph
   matrix.

   A value of false means the caller should do scrolling
   as if point had gone off the screen.  */

static bool
cursor_row_fully_visible_p (struct window *w, bool force_p,
                            bool current_matrix_p)
{
  struct glyph_matrix *matrix;
  struct glyph_row *row;
  int window_height;

  if (!make_cursor_line_fully_visible_p)
    return true;

  /* It's not always possible to find the cursor, e.g, when a window
     is full of overlay strings.  Don't do anything in that case.  */
  if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
    return true;

  matrix = current_matrix_p ? w->current_matrix : w->desired_matrix;
  row = MATRIX_ROW (matrix, w->cursor.vpos);

  /* If the cursor row is not partially visible, there's nothing to do.  */
  if (!MATRIX_ROW_PARTIALLY_VISIBLE_P (w, row))
    return true;

  /* If the row the cursor is in is taller than the window's height,
     it's not clear what to do, so do nothing.  */
  window_height = window_box_height (w);
  if (row->height >= window_height)
    {
      if (!force_p || MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
          || w->vscroll || w->cursor.vpos == 0)
        return true;
    }
  return false;
}


/* Try scrolling PT into view in window WINDOW.  JUST_THIS_ONE_P
   means only WINDOW is redisplayed in redisplay_internal.
   TEMP_SCROLL_STEP has the same meaning as emacs_scroll_step, and is used
   in redisplay_window to bring a partially visible line into view in
   the case that only the cursor has moved.

   LAST_LINE_MISFIT should be true if we're scrolling because the
   last screen line's vertical height extends past the end of the screen.

   Value is

   1    if scrolling succeeded

   0    if scrolling didn't find point.

   -1   if new fonts have been loaded so that we must interrupt
   redisplay, adjust glyph matrices, and try again.  */

enum
{
  SCROLLING_SUCCESS,
  SCROLLING_FAILED,
  SCROLLING_NEED_LARGER_MATRICES
};

/* If scroll-conservatively is more than this, never recenter.

   If you change this, don't forget to update the doc string of
   `scroll-conservatively' and the Emacs manual.  */
#define SCROLL_LIMIT 100

static int
try_scrolling (Lisp_Object window, bool just_this_one_p,
               ptrdiff_t arg_scroll_conservatively, ptrdiff_t scroll_step,
               bool temp_scroll_step, bool last_line_misfit)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  struct text_pos pos, startp;
  struct it it;
  int this_scroll_margin, scroll_max, rc, height;
  int dy = 0, amount_to_scroll = 0;
  bool scroll_down_p = false;
  int extra_scroll_margin_lines = last_line_misfit;
  Lisp_Object aggressive;
  /* We will never try scrolling more than this number of lines.  */
  int scroll_limit = SCROLL_LIMIT;
  int frame_line_height = default_line_pixel_height (w);

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  debug_method_add (w, "try_scrolling");
#endif

  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (startp, w->start);

  this_scroll_margin = window_scroll_margin (w, MARGIN_IN_PIXELS);

  /* Force arg_scroll_conservatively to have a reasonable value, to
     avoid scrolling too far away with slow move_it_* functions.  Note
     that the user can supply scroll-conservatively equal to
     `most-positive-fixnum', which can be larger than INT_MAX.  */
  if (arg_scroll_conservatively > scroll_limit)
    {
      arg_scroll_conservatively = scroll_limit + 1;
      scroll_max = scroll_limit * frame_line_height;
    }
  else if (scroll_step || arg_scroll_conservatively || temp_scroll_step)
    /* Compute how much we should try to scroll maximally to bring
       point into view.  */
    scroll_max = (max (scroll_step,
                       max (arg_scroll_conservatively, temp_scroll_step))
                  * frame_line_height);
  else if (NUMBERP (BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_down_aggressively))
           || NUMBERP (BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_up_aggressively)))
    /* We're trying to scroll because of aggressive scrolling but no
       scroll_step is set.  Choose an arbitrary one.  */
    scroll_max = 10 * frame_line_height;
  else
    scroll_max = 0;

 too_near_end:

  /* Decide whether to scroll down.  */
  if (PT > CHARPOS (startp))
    {
      int scroll_margin_y;

      /* Compute the pixel ypos of the scroll margin, then move IT to
         either that ypos or PT, whichever comes first.  */
      start_display (&it, w, startp);
      scroll_margin_y = it.last_visible_y - partial_line_height (&it)
        - this_scroll_margin
        - frame_line_height * extra_scroll_margin_lines;
      move_it_to (&it, PT, -1, scroll_margin_y - 1, -1,
                  (MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_Y));

      if (PT > CHARPOS (it.current.pos))
        {
          int y0 = line_bottom_y (&it);
          /* Compute how many pixels below window bottom to stop searching
             for PT.  This avoids costly search for PT that is far away if
             the user limited scrolling by a small number of lines, but
             always finds PT if scroll_conservatively is set to a large
             number, such as most-positive-fixnum.  */
          int slack = max (scroll_max, 10 * frame_line_height);
          int y_to_move = it.last_visible_y + slack;

          /* Compute the distance from the scroll margin to PT or to
             the scroll limit, whichever comes first.  This should
             include the height of the cursor line, to make that line
             fully visible.  */
          move_it_to (&it, PT, -1, y_to_move,
                      -1, MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_Y);
          dy = line_bottom_y (&it) - y0;

          if (dy > scroll_max)
            return SCROLLING_FAILED;

          if (dy > 0)
            scroll_down_p = true;
        }
      else if (PT == IT_CHARPOS (it)
               && IT_CHARPOS (it) < ZV
               && it.method == GET_FROM_STRING
               && arg_scroll_conservatively > scroll_limit
               && it.current_x == 0)
        {
          enum move_it_result skip;
          int y1 = it.current_y;
          int vpos;

          /* A before-string that includes newlines and is displayed
             on the last visible screen line could fail us under
             scroll-conservatively > 100, because we will be unable to
             position the cursor on that last visible line.  Try to
             recover by finding the first screen line that has some
             glyphs coming from the buffer text.  */
          do {
            skip = move_it_in_display_line_to (&it, ZV, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
            if (skip != MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR
                || IT_CHARPOS (it) != PT
                || it.method == GET_FROM_BUFFER)
              break;
            vpos = it.vpos;
            move_it_to (&it, -1, -1, -1, vpos + 1, MOVE_TO_VPOS);
          } while (it.vpos > vpos);

          dy = it.current_y - y1;

          if (dy > scroll_max)
            return SCROLLING_FAILED;

          if (dy > 0)
            scroll_down_p = true;
        }
    }

  if (scroll_down_p)
    {
      /* Point is in or below the bottom scroll margin, so move the
         window start down.  If scrolling conservatively, move it just
         enough down to make point visible.  If scroll_step is set,
         move it down by scroll_step.  */
      if (arg_scroll_conservatively)
        amount_to_scroll
          = min (max (dy, frame_line_height),
                 frame_line_height * arg_scroll_conservatively);
      else if (scroll_step || temp_scroll_step)
        amount_to_scroll = scroll_max;
      else
        {
          aggressive = BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_up_aggressively);
          height = WINDOW_BOX_TEXT_HEIGHT (w);
          if (NUMBERP (aggressive))
            {
              double float_amount = XFLOATINT (aggressive) * height;
              int aggressive_scroll = float_amount;
              if (aggressive_scroll == 0 && float_amount > 0)
                aggressive_scroll = 1;
              /* Don't let point enter the scroll margin near top of
                 the window.  This could happen if the value of
                 scroll_up_aggressively is too large and there are
                 non-zero margins, because scroll_up_aggressively
                 means put point that fraction of window height
                 _from_the_bottom_margin_.  */
              if (aggressive_scroll + 2 * this_scroll_margin > height)
                aggressive_scroll = height - 2 * this_scroll_margin;
              amount_to_scroll = dy + aggressive_scroll;
            }
        }

      if (amount_to_scroll <= 0)
        return SCROLLING_FAILED;

      start_display (&it, w, startp);
      if (arg_scroll_conservatively <= scroll_limit)
        move_it_vertically (&it, amount_to_scroll);
      else
        {
          /* Extra precision for users who set scroll-conservatively
             to a large number: make sure the amount we scroll
             the window start is never less than amount_to_scroll,
             which was computed as distance from window bottom to
             point.  This matters when lines at window top and lines
             below window bottom have different height.  */
          struct it it1;
          void *it1data = NULL;
          /* We use a temporary it1 because line_bottom_y can modify
             its argument, if it moves one line down; see there.  */
          int start_y;

          SAVE_IT (it1, it, it1data);
          start_y = line_bottom_y (&it1);
          do {
            RESTORE_IT (&it, &it, it1data);
            move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
            SAVE_IT (it1, it, it1data);
          } while (IT_CHARPOS (it) < ZV
                   && line_bottom_y (&it1) - start_y < amount_to_scroll);
          bidi_unshelve_cache (it1data, true);
        }

      /* If STARTP is unchanged, move it down another screen line.  */
      if (IT_CHARPOS (it) == CHARPOS (startp))
        move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
      startp = it.current.pos;
    }
  else
    {
      struct text_pos scroll_margin_pos = startp;
      int y_offset = 0;

      /* See if point is inside the scroll margin at the top of the
         window.  */
      if (this_scroll_margin)
        {
          int y_start;

          start_display (&it, w, startp);
          y_start = it.current_y;
          move_it_vertically (&it, this_scroll_margin);
          scroll_margin_pos = it.current.pos;
          /* If we didn't move enough before hitting ZV, request
             additional amount of scroll, to move point out of the
             scroll margin.  */
          if (IT_CHARPOS (it) == ZV
              && it.current_y - y_start < this_scroll_margin)
            y_offset = this_scroll_margin - (it.current_y - y_start);
        }

      if (PT < CHARPOS (scroll_margin_pos))
        {
          /* Point is in the scroll margin at the top of the window or
             above what is displayed in the window.  */
          int y0, y_to_move;

          /* Compute the vertical distance from PT to the scroll
             margin position.  Move as far as scroll_max allows, or
             one screenful, or 10 screen lines, whichever is largest.
             Give up if distance is greater than scroll_max or if we
             didn't reach the scroll margin position.  */
          SET_TEXT_POS (pos, PT, PT_BYTE);
          start_display (&it, w, pos);
          y0 = it.current_y;
          y_to_move = max (it.last_visible_y,
                           max (scroll_max, 10 * frame_line_height));
          move_it_to (&it, CHARPOS (scroll_margin_pos), 0,
                      y_to_move, -1,
                      MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_Y);
          dy = it.current_y - y0;
          if (dy > scroll_max
              || IT_CHARPOS (it) < CHARPOS (scroll_margin_pos))
            return SCROLLING_FAILED;

          /* Additional scroll for when ZV was too close to point.  */
          dy += y_offset;

          /* Compute new window start.  */
          start_display (&it, w, startp);

          if (arg_scroll_conservatively)
            amount_to_scroll = max (dy, frame_line_height
                                    * max (scroll_step, temp_scroll_step));
          else if (scroll_step || temp_scroll_step)
            amount_to_scroll = scroll_max;
          else
            {
              aggressive = BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_down_aggressively);
              height = WINDOW_BOX_TEXT_HEIGHT (w);
              if (NUMBERP (aggressive))
                {
                  double float_amount = XFLOATINT (aggressive) * height;
                  int aggressive_scroll = float_amount;
                  if (aggressive_scroll == 0 && float_amount > 0)
                    aggressive_scroll = 1;
                  /* Don't let point enter the scroll margin near
                     bottom of the window, if the value of
                     scroll_down_aggressively happens to be too
                     large.  */
                  if (aggressive_scroll + 2 * this_scroll_margin > height)
                    aggressive_scroll = height - 2 * this_scroll_margin;
                  amount_to_scroll = dy + aggressive_scroll;
                }
            }

          if (amount_to_scroll <= 0)
            return SCROLLING_FAILED;

          move_it_vertically_backward (&it, amount_to_scroll);
          startp = it.current.pos;
        }
    }

  /* Run window scroll functions.  */
  startp = run_window_scroll_functions (window, startp);

  /* Display the window.  Give up if new fonts are loaded, or if point
     doesn't appear.  */
  if (!try_window (window, startp, 0))
    rc = SCROLLING_NEED_LARGER_MATRICES;
  else if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
    {
      clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
      rc = SCROLLING_FAILED;
    }
  else
    {
      /* Maybe forget recorded base line for line number display.  */
      if (!just_this_one_p
          || current_buffer->clip_changed
          || BEG_UNCHANGED < CHARPOS (startp))
        w->base_line_number = 0;

      /* If cursor ends up on a partially visible line,
         treat that as being off the bottom of the screen.  */
      if (! cursor_row_fully_visible_p (w, extra_scroll_margin_lines <= 1,
                                        false)
          /* It's possible that the cursor is on the first line of the
             buffer, which is partially obscured due to a vscroll
             (Bug#7537).  In that case, avoid looping forever. */
          && extra_scroll_margin_lines < w->desired_matrix->nrows - 1)
        {
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          ++extra_scroll_margin_lines;
          goto too_near_end;
        }
      rc = SCROLLING_SUCCESS;
    }

  return rc;
}


/* Compute a suitable window start for window W if display of W starts
   on a continuation line.  Value is true if a new window start
   was computed.

   The new window start will be computed, based on W's width, starting
   from the start of the continued line.  It is the start of the
   screen line with the minimum distance from the old start W->start,
   which is still before point (otherwise point will definitely not
   be visible in the window).  */

static bool
compute_window_start_on_continuation_line (struct window *w)
{
  struct text_pos pos, start_pos, pos_before_pt;
  bool window_start_changed_p = false;

  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (start_pos, w->start);

  /* If window start is on a continuation line...  Window start may be
     < BEGV in case there's invisible text at the start of the
     buffer (M-x rmail, for example).  */
  if (CHARPOS (start_pos) > BEGV
      && FETCH_BYTE (BYTEPOS (start_pos) - 1) != '\n')
    {
      struct it it;
      struct glyph_row *row;

      /* Handle the case that the window start is out of range.  */
      if (CHARPOS (start_pos) < BEGV)
        SET_TEXT_POS (start_pos, BEGV, BEGV_BYTE);
      else if (CHARPOS (start_pos) > ZV)
        SET_TEXT_POS (start_pos, ZV, ZV_BYTE);

      /* Find the start of the continued line.  This should be fast
         because find_newline is fast (newline cache).  */
      row = w->desired_matrix->rows + window_wants_header_line (w);
      init_iterator (&it, w, CHARPOS (start_pos), BYTEPOS (start_pos),
                     row, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
      reseat_at_previous_visible_line_start (&it);

      /* If the line start is "too far" away from the window start,
         say it takes too much time to compute a new window start.
         Also, give up if the line start is after point, as in that
         case point will not be visible with any window start we
         compute.  */
      if (IT_CHARPOS (it) <= PT
          || (CHARPOS (start_pos) - IT_CHARPOS (it)
              /* PXW: Do we need upper bounds here?  */
              < WINDOW_TOTAL_LINES (w) * WINDOW_TOTAL_COLS (w)))
        {
          int min_distance, distance;

          /* Move forward by display lines to find the new window
             start.  If window width was enlarged, the new start can
             be expected to be > the old start.  If window width was
             decreased, the new window start will be < the old start.
             So, we're looking for the display line start with the
             minimum distance from the old window start.  */
          pos_before_pt = pos = it.current.pos;
          min_distance = DISP_INFINITY;
          while ((distance = eabs (CHARPOS (start_pos) - IT_CHARPOS (it))),
                 distance < min_distance)
            {
              min_distance = distance;
              if (CHARPOS (pos) <= PT)
                pos_before_pt = pos;
              pos = it.current.pos;
              if (it.line_wrap == WORD_WRAP)
                {
                  /* Under WORD_WRAP, move_it_by_lines is likely to
                     overshoot and stop not at the first, but the
                     second character from the left margin.  So in
                     that case, we need a more tight control on the X
                     coordinate of the iterator than move_it_by_lines
                     promises in its contract.  The method is to first
                     go to the last (rightmost) visible character of a
                     line, then move to the leftmost character on the
                     next line in a separate call.  */
                  move_it_to (&it, ZV, it.last_visible_x, it.current_y, -1,
                              MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_Y);
                  move_it_to (&it, ZV, 0,
                              it.current_y + it.max_ascent + it.max_descent, -1,
                              MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_Y);
                }
              else
                move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
            }

          /* It makes very little sense to make the new window start
             after point, as point won't be visible.  If that's what
             the loop above finds, fall back on the candidate before
             or at point that is closest to the old window start.  */
          if (CHARPOS (pos) > PT)
            pos = pos_before_pt;

          /* Set the window start there.  */
          SET_MARKER_FROM_TEXT_POS (w->start, pos);
          window_start_changed_p = true;
        }
    }

  return window_start_changed_p;
}


/* Try cursor movement in case text has not changed in window WINDOW,
   with window start STARTP.  Value is

   CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS if successful

   CURSOR_MOVEMENT_CANNOT_BE_USED if this method cannot be used

   CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL if we know we have to scroll the
   display.  *SCROLL_STEP is set to true, under certain circumstances, if
   we want to scroll as if scroll-step were set to 1.  See the code.

   CURSOR_MOVEMENT_NEED_LARGER_MATRICES if we need larger matrices, in
   which case we have to abort this redisplay, and adjust matrices
   first.  */

enum
{
  CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS,
  CURSOR_MOVEMENT_CANNOT_BE_USED,
  CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL,
  CURSOR_MOVEMENT_NEED_LARGER_MATRICES
};

static int
try_cursor_movement (Lisp_Object window, struct text_pos startp,
                     bool *scroll_step)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_CANNOT_BE_USED;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  if (inhibit_try_cursor_movement)
    return rc;
#endif

  /* Previously, there was a check for Lisp integer in the
     if-statement below. Now, this field is converted to
     ptrdiff_t, thus zero means invalid position in a buffer.  */
  eassert (w->last_point > 0);
  /* Likewise there was a check whether window_end_vpos is nil or larger
     than the window.  Now window_end_vpos is int and so never nil, but
     let's leave eassert to check whether it fits in the window.  */
  eassert (!w->window_end_valid
           || w->window_end_vpos < w->current_matrix->nrows);

  /* Handle case where text has not changed, only point, and it has
     not moved off the frame.  */
  if (/* Point may be in this window.  */
      PT >= CHARPOS (startp)
      /* Selective display hasn't changed.  */
      && !current_buffer->clip_changed
      /* Function force-mode-line-update is used to force a thorough
         redisplay.  It sets either windows_or_buffers_changed or
         update_mode_lines.  So don't take a shortcut here for these
         cases.  */
      && !update_mode_lines
      && !windows_or_buffers_changed
      && !f->cursor_type_changed
      && NILP (Vshow_trailing_whitespace)
      /* When display-line-numbers is in relative mode, moving point
         requires to redraw the entire window.  */
      && !EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative)
      && !EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual)
      /* When the current line number should be displayed in a
         distinct face, moving point cannot be handled in optimized
         way as below.  */
      && !(!NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers)
           && NILP (Finternal_lisp_face_equal_p (Qline_number,
                                                 Qline_number_current_line,
                                                 w->frame)))
      /* This code is not used for mini-buffer for the sake of the case
         of redisplaying to replace an echo area message; since in
         that case the mini-buffer contents per se are usually
         unchanged.  This code is of no real use in the mini-buffer
         since the handling of this_line_start_pos, etc., in redisplay
         handles the same cases.  */
      && !EQ (window, minibuf_window)
      /* When overlay arrow is shown in current buffer, point movement
         is no longer "simple", as it typically causes the overlay
         arrow to move as well.  */
      && !overlay_arrow_in_current_buffer_p ())
    {
      int this_scroll_margin, top_scroll_margin;
      struct glyph_row *row = NULL;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
      debug_method_add (w, "cursor movement");
#endif

      this_scroll_margin = window_scroll_margin (w, MARGIN_IN_PIXELS);

      top_scroll_margin = this_scroll_margin;
      if (window_wants_header_line (w))
        top_scroll_margin += CURRENT_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);

      /* Start with the row the cursor was displayed during the last
         not paused redisplay.  Give up if that row is not valid.  */
      if (w->last_cursor_vpos < 0
          || w->last_cursor_vpos >= w->current_matrix->nrows)
        rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
      else
        {
          row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->last_cursor_vpos);
          if (row->mode_line_p)
            ++row;
          if (!row->enabled_p)
            rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
        }

      if (rc == CURSOR_MOVEMENT_CANNOT_BE_USED)
        {
          bool scroll_p = false, must_scroll = false;
          int last_y = window_text_bottom_y (w) - this_scroll_margin;

          if (PT > w->last_point)
            {
              /* Point has moved forward.  */
              while (MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) < PT
                     && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) < last_y)
                {
                  eassert (row->enabled_p);
                  ++row;
                }

              /* If the end position of a row equals the start
                 position of the next row, and PT is at that position,
                 we would rather display cursor in the next line.  */
              while (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) < last_y
                     && MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) == PT
                     && row < MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)
                     && MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row+1) == PT
                     && !cursor_row_p (row))
                ++row;

              /* If within the scroll margin, scroll.  Note that
                 MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y gives the pixel position at which
                 the next line would be drawn, and that
                 this_scroll_margin can be zero.  */
              if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) > last_y
                  || PT > MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                  /* Line is completely visible last line in window
                     and PT is to be set in the next line.  */
                  || (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) == last_y
                      && PT == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                      && !row->ends_at_zv_p
                      && !MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (row)))
                scroll_p = true;
            }
          else if (PT < w->last_point)
            {
              /* Cursor has to be moved backward.  Note that PT >=
                 CHARPOS (startp) because of the outer if-statement.  */
              while (!row->mode_line_p
                     && (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) > PT
                         || (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) == PT
                             && (MATRIX_ROW_STARTS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (row)
                                 || (/* STARTS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_STRING_P (row) */
                                     row > w->current_matrix->rows
                                     && (row-1)->ends_in_newline_from_string_p))))
                     && (row->y > top_scroll_margin
                         || CHARPOS (startp) == BEGV))
                {
                  eassert (row->enabled_p);
                  --row;
                }

              /* Consider the following case: Window starts at BEGV,
                 there is invisible, intangible text at BEGV, so that
                 display starts at some point START > BEGV.  It can
                 happen that we are called with PT somewhere between
                 BEGV and START.  Try to handle that case.  */
              if (row < w->current_matrix->rows
                  || row->mode_line_p)
                {
                  row = w->current_matrix->rows;
                  if (row->mode_line_p)
                    ++row;
                }

              /* Due to newlines in overlay strings, we may have to
                 skip forward over overlay strings.  */
              while (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) < last_y
                     && MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) == PT
                     && !cursor_row_p (row))
                ++row;

              /* If within the scroll margin, scroll.  */
              if (row->y < top_scroll_margin
                  && CHARPOS (startp) != BEGV)
                scroll_p = true;
            }
          else
            {
              /* Cursor did not move.  So don't scroll even if cursor line
                 is partially visible, as it was so before.  */
                 rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS;
            }

          if (PT < MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row)
              || PT > MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row))
            {
              /* if PT is not in the glyph row, give up.  */
              rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
              must_scroll = true;
            }
          else if (rc != CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS
                   && !NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_display_reordering)))
            {
              struct glyph_row *row1;

              /* If rows are bidi-reordered and point moved, back up
                 until we find a row that does not belong to a
                 continuation line.  This is because we must consider
                 all rows of a continued line as candidates for the
                 new cursor positioning, since row start and end
                 positions change non-linearly with vertical position
                 in such rows.  */
              /* FIXME: Revisit this when glyph ``spilling'' in
                 continuation lines' rows is implemented for
                 bidi-reordered rows.  */
              for (row1 = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
                   MATRIX_ROW_CONTINUATION_LINE_P (row);
                   --row)
                {
                  /* If we hit the beginning of the displayed portion
                     without finding the first row of a continued
                     line, give up.  */
                  if (row <= row1)
                    {
                      rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
                      break;
                    }
                  eassert (row->enabled_p);
                }
            }
          if (must_scroll)
            ;
          else if (rc != CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS
              && MATRIX_ROW_PARTIALLY_VISIBLE_P (w, row)
              /* Make sure this isn't a header line by any chance, since
                 then MATRIX_ROW_PARTIALLY_VISIBLE_P might yield true.  */
              && !row->mode_line_p
              && make_cursor_line_fully_visible_p)
            {
              if (PT == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                  && !row->ends_at_zv_p
                  && !MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (row))
                rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
              else if (row->height > window_box_height (w))
                {
                  /* If we end up in a partially visible line, let's
                     make it fully visible, except when it's taller
                     than the window, in which case we can't do much
                     about it.  */
                  *scroll_step = true;
                  rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
                }
              else
                {
                  set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                  if (!cursor_row_fully_visible_p (w, false, true))
                    rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
                  else
                    rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS;
                }
            }
          else if (scroll_p)
            rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
          else if (rc != CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS
                   && !NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_display_reordering)))
            {
              /* With bidi-reordered rows, there could be more than
                 one candidate row whose start and end positions
                 occlude point.  We need to let set_cursor_from_row
                 find the best candidate.  */
              /* FIXME: Revisit this when glyph ``spilling'' in
                 continuation lines' rows is implemented for
                 bidi-reordered rows.  */
              bool rv = false;

              do
                {
                  bool at_zv_p = false, exact_match_p = false;

                  if (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) <= PT
                      && PT <= MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                      && cursor_row_p (row))
                    rv |= set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix,
                                               0, 0, 0, 0);
                  /* As soon as we've found the exact match for point,
                     or the first suitable row whose ends_at_zv_p flag
                     is set, we are done.  */
                  if (rv)
                    {
                      at_zv_p = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix,
                                            w->cursor.vpos)->ends_at_zv_p;
                      if (!at_zv_p
                          && w->cursor.hpos >= 0
                          && w->cursor.hpos < MATRIX_ROW_USED (w->current_matrix,
                                                               w->cursor.vpos))
                        {
                          struct glyph_row *candidate =
                            MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->cursor.vpos);
                          struct glyph *g =
                            candidate->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + w->cursor.hpos;
                          ptrdiff_t endpos = MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (candidate);

                          exact_match_p =
                            (BUFFERP (g->object) && g->charpos == PT)
                            || (NILP (g->object)
                                && (g->charpos == PT
                                    || (g->charpos == 0 && endpos - 1 == PT)));
                        }
                      if (at_zv_p || exact_match_p)
                        {
                          rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS;
                          break;
                        }
                    }
                  if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) == last_y)
                    break;
                  ++row;
                }
              while (((MATRIX_ROW_CONTINUATION_LINE_P (row)
                       || row->continued_p)
                      && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) <= last_y)
                     || (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) == PT
                         && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) < last_y));
              /* If we didn't find any candidate rows, or exited the
                 loop before all the candidates were examined, signal
                 to the caller that this method failed.  */
              if (rc != CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS
                  && !(rv
                       && !MATRIX_ROW_CONTINUATION_LINE_P (row)
                       && !row->continued_p))
                rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL;
              else if (rv)
                rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS;
            }
          else
            {
              do
                {
                  if (set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0))
                    {
                      rc = CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS;
                      break;
                    }
                  ++row;
                }
              while (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) < last_y
                     && MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) == PT
                     && cursor_row_p (row));
            }
        }
    }

  return rc;
}


void
set_vertical_scroll_bar (struct window *w)
{
  ptrdiff_t start, end, whole;

  /* Calculate the start and end positions for the current window.
     At some point, it would be nice to choose between scrollbars
     which reflect the whole buffer size, with special markers
     indicating narrowing, and scrollbars which reflect only the
     visible region.

     Note that mini-buffers sometimes aren't displaying any text.  */
  if (!MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
      || (w == XWINDOW (minibuf_window)
          && NILP (echo_area_buffer[0])))
    {
      struct buffer *buf = XBUFFER (w->contents);
      whole = BUF_ZV (buf) - BUF_BEGV (buf);
      start = marker_position (w->start) - BUF_BEGV (buf);
      /* I don't think this is guaranteed to be right.  For the
         moment, we'll pretend it is.  */
      end = BUF_Z (buf) - w->window_end_pos - BUF_BEGV (buf);

      if (end < start)
        end = start;
      if (whole < (end - start))
        whole = end - start;
    }
  else
    start = end = whole = 0;

  /* Indicate what this scroll bar ought to be displaying now.  */
  if (FRAME_TERMINAL (XFRAME (w->frame))->set_vertical_scroll_bar_hook)
    (*FRAME_TERMINAL (XFRAME (w->frame))->set_vertical_scroll_bar_hook)
      (w, end - start, whole, start);
}


void
set_horizontal_scroll_bar (struct window *w)
{
  int start, end, whole, portion;

  if (!MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
      || (w == XWINDOW (minibuf_window)
          && NILP (echo_area_buffer[0])))
    {
      struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);
      struct buffer *old_buffer = NULL;
      struct it it;
      struct text_pos startp;

      if (b != current_buffer)
        {
          old_buffer = current_buffer;
          set_buffer_internal (b);
        }

      SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (startp, w->start);
      start_display (&it, w, startp);
      it.last_visible_x = INT_MAX;
      whole = move_it_to (&it, -1, INT_MAX, window_box_height (w), -1,
                          MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_Y);
      /* whole = move_it_to (&it, w->window_end_pos, INT_MAX,
                          window_box_height (w), -1,
                          MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_Y); */

      start = w->hscroll * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (WINDOW_XFRAME (w));
      end = start + window_box_width (w, TEXT_AREA);
      portion = end - start;
      /* After enlarging a horizontally scrolled window such that it
         gets at least as wide as the text it contains, make sure that
         the thumb doesn't fill the entire scroll bar so we can still
         drag it back to see the entire text.  */
      whole = max (whole, end);

      if (it.bidi_p)
        {
          Lisp_Object pdir;

          pdir = Fcurrent_bidi_paragraph_direction (Qnil);
          if (EQ (pdir, Qright_to_left))
            {
              start = whole - end;
              end = start + portion;
            }
        }

      if (old_buffer)
        set_buffer_internal (old_buffer);
    }
  else
    start = end = whole = portion = 0;

  w->hscroll_whole = whole;

  /* Indicate what this scroll bar ought to be displaying now.  */
  if (FRAME_TERMINAL (XFRAME (w->frame))->set_horizontal_scroll_bar_hook)
    (*FRAME_TERMINAL (XFRAME (w->frame))->set_horizontal_scroll_bar_hook)
      (w, portion, whole, start);
}


/* Redisplay leaf window WINDOW.  JUST_THIS_ONE_P means only
   selected_window is redisplayed.

   We can return without actually redisplaying the window if fonts has been
   changed on window's frame.  In that case, redisplay_internal will retry.

   As one of the important parts of redisplaying a window, we need to
   decide whether the previous window-start position (stored in the
   window's w->start marker position) is still valid, and if it isn't,
   recompute it.  Some details about that:

    . The previous window-start could be in a continuation line, in
      which case we need to recompute it when the window width
      changes.  See compute_window_start_on_continuation_line and its
      call below.

    . The text that changed since last redisplay could include the
      previous window-start position.  In that case, we try to salvage
      what we can from the current glyph matrix by calling
      try_scrolling, which see.

    . Some Emacs command could force us to use a specific window-start
      position by setting the window's force_start flag, or gently
      propose doing that by setting the window's optional_new_start
      flag.  In these cases, we try using the specified start point if
      that succeeds (i.e. the window desired matrix is successfully
      recomputed, and point location is within the window).  In case
      of optional_new_start, we first check if the specified start
      position is feasible, i.e. if it will allow point to be
      displayed in the window.  If using the specified start point
      fails, e.g., if new fonts are needed to be loaded, we abort the
      redisplay cycle and leave it up to the next cycle to figure out
      things.

    . Note that the window's force_start flag is sometimes set by
      redisplay itself, when it decides that the previous window start
      point is fine and should be kept.  Search for "goto force_start"
      below to see the details.  Like the values of window-start
      specified outside of redisplay, these internally-deduced values
      are tested for feasibility, and ignored if found to be
      unfeasible.

    . Note that the function try_window, used to completely redisplay
      a window, accepts the window's start point as its argument.
      This is used several times in the redisplay code to control
      where the window start will be, according to user options such
      as scroll-conservatively, and also to ensure the screen line
      showing point will be fully (as opposed to partially) visible on
      display.  */

static void
redisplay_window (Lisp_Object window, bool just_this_one_p)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct buffer *buffer = XBUFFER (w->contents);
  struct buffer *old = current_buffer;
  struct text_pos lpoint, opoint, startp;
  bool update_mode_line;
  int tem;
  struct it it;
  /* Record it now because it's overwritten.  */
  bool current_matrix_up_to_date_p = false;
  bool used_current_matrix_p = false;
  /* This is less strict than current_matrix_up_to_date_p.
     It indicates that the buffer contents and narrowing are unchanged.  */
  bool buffer_unchanged_p = false;
  bool temp_scroll_step = false;
  ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
  int rc;
  int centering_position = -1;
  bool last_line_misfit = false;
  ptrdiff_t beg_unchanged, end_unchanged;
  int frame_line_height, margin;
  bool use_desired_matrix;
  void *itdata = NULL;

  SET_TEXT_POS (lpoint, PT, PT_BYTE);
  opoint = lpoint;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  *w->desired_matrix->method = 0;
#endif

  if (!just_this_one_p
      && REDISPLAY_SOME_P ()
      && !w->redisplay
      && !w->update_mode_line
      && !f->face_change
      && !f->redisplay
      && !buffer->text->redisplay
      && BUF_PT (buffer) == w->last_point)
    return;

  /* Make sure that both W's markers are valid.  */
  eassert (XMARKER (w->start)->buffer == buffer);
  eassert (XMARKER (w->pointm)->buffer == buffer);

  reconsider_clip_changes (w);
  frame_line_height = default_line_pixel_height (w);
  margin = window_scroll_margin (w, MARGIN_IN_LINES);


  /* Has the mode line to be updated?  */
  update_mode_line = (w->update_mode_line
                      || update_mode_lines
                      || buffer->clip_changed
                      || buffer->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p);

  if (!just_this_one_p)
    /* If `just_this_one_p' is set, we apparently set must_be_updated_p more
       cleverly elsewhere.  */
    w->must_be_updated_p = true;

  if (MINI_WINDOW_P (w))
    {
      if (w == XWINDOW (echo_area_window)
          && !NILP (echo_area_buffer[0]))
        {
          if (update_mode_line)
            /* We may have to update a tty frame's menu bar or a
               tool-bar.  Example `M-x C-h C-h C-g'.  */
            goto finish_menu_bars;
          else
            /* We've already displayed the echo area glyphs in this window.  */
            goto finish_scroll_bars;
        }
      else if ((w != XWINDOW (minibuf_window)
                || minibuf_level == 0)
               /* When buffer is nonempty, redisplay window normally.  */
               && BUF_Z (XBUFFER (w->contents)) == BUF_BEG (XBUFFER (w->contents))
               /* Quail displays non-mini buffers in minibuffer window.
                  In that case, redisplay the window normally.  */
               && !NILP (Fmemq (w->contents, Vminibuffer_list)))
        {
          /* W is a mini-buffer window, but it's not active, so clear
             it.  */
          int yb = window_text_bottom_y (w);
          struct glyph_row *row;
          int y;

          for (y = 0, row = w->desired_matrix->rows;
               y < yb;
               y += row->height, ++row)
            blank_row (w, row, y);
          goto finish_scroll_bars;
        }

      clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
    }

  /* Otherwise set up data on this window; select its buffer and point
     value.  */
  /* Really select the buffer, for the sake of buffer-local
     variables.  */
  set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->contents));

  current_matrix_up_to_date_p
    = (w->window_end_valid
       && !current_buffer->clip_changed
       && !current_buffer->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p
       && !window_outdated (w)
       && !hscrolling_current_line_p (w));

  beg_unchanged = BEG_UNCHANGED;
  end_unchanged = END_UNCHANGED;

  SET_TEXT_POS (opoint, PT, PT_BYTE);

  specbind (Qinhibit_point_motion_hooks, Qt);

  buffer_unchanged_p
    = (w->window_end_valid
       && !current_buffer->clip_changed
       && !window_outdated (w));

  /* When windows_or_buffers_changed is non-zero, we can't rely
     on the window end being valid, so set it to zero there.  */
  if (windows_or_buffers_changed)
    {
      /* If window starts on a continuation line, maybe adjust the
         window start in case the window's width changed.  */
      if (XMARKER (w->start)->buffer == current_buffer)
        compute_window_start_on_continuation_line (w);

      w->window_end_valid = false;
      /* If so, we also can't rely on current matrix
         and should not fool try_cursor_movement below.  */
      current_matrix_up_to_date_p = false;
    }

  /* Some sanity checks.  */
  CHECK_WINDOW_END (w);
  if (Z == Z_BYTE && CHARPOS (opoint) != BYTEPOS (opoint))
    emacs_abort ();
  if (BYTEPOS (opoint) < CHARPOS (opoint))
    emacs_abort ();

  if (mode_line_update_needed (w))
    update_mode_line = true;

  /* Point refers normally to the selected window.  For any other
     window, set up appropriate value.  */
  if (!EQ (window, selected_window))
    {
      ptrdiff_t new_pt = marker_position (w->pointm);
      ptrdiff_t new_pt_byte = marker_byte_position (w->pointm);

      if (new_pt < BEGV)
        {
          new_pt = BEGV;
          new_pt_byte = BEGV_BYTE;
          set_marker_both (w->pointm, Qnil, BEGV, BEGV_BYTE);
        }
      else if (new_pt > (ZV - 1))
        {
          new_pt = ZV;
          new_pt_byte = ZV_BYTE;
          set_marker_both (w->pointm, Qnil, ZV, ZV_BYTE);
        }

      /* We don't use SET_PT so that the point-motion hooks don't run.  */
      TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (new_pt, new_pt_byte);
    }

  /* If any of the character widths specified in the display table
     have changed, invalidate the width run cache.  It's true that
     this may be a bit late to catch such changes, but the rest of
     redisplay goes (non-fatally) haywire when the display table is
     changed, so why should we worry about doing any better?  */
  if (current_buffer->width_run_cache
      || (current_buffer->base_buffer
          && current_buffer->base_buffer->width_run_cache))
    {
      struct Lisp_Char_Table *disptab = buffer_display_table ();

      if (! disptab_matches_widthtab
          (disptab, XVECTOR (BVAR (current_buffer, width_table))))
        {
          struct buffer *buf = current_buffer;

          if (buf->base_buffer)
            buf = buf->base_buffer;
          invalidate_region_cache (buf, buf->width_run_cache, BEG, Z);
          recompute_width_table (current_buffer, disptab);
        }
    }

  /* If window-start is screwed up, choose a new one.  */
  if (XMARKER (w->start)->buffer != current_buffer)
    goto recenter;

  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (startp, w->start);

  /* If someone specified a new starting point but did not insist,
     check whether it can be used.  */
  if ((w->optional_new_start || window_frozen_p (w))
      && CHARPOS (startp) >= BEGV
      && CHARPOS (startp) <= ZV)
    {
      ptrdiff_t it_charpos;

      w->optional_new_start = false;
      start_display (&it, w, startp);
      move_it_to (&it, PT, 0, it.last_visible_y, -1,
                  MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X | MOVE_TO_Y);
      /* Record IT's position now, since line_bottom_y might change
         that.  */
      it_charpos = IT_CHARPOS (it);
      /* Make sure we set the force_start flag only if the cursor row
         will be fully visible.  Otherwise, the code under force_start
         label below will try to move point back into view, which is
         not what the code which sets optional_new_start wants.  */
      if ((it.current_y == 0 || line_bottom_y (&it) < it.last_visible_y)
          && !w->force_start)
        {
          if (it_charpos == PT)
            w->force_start = true;
          /* IT may overshoot PT if text at PT is invisible.  */
          else if (it_charpos > PT && CHARPOS (startp) <= PT)
            w->force_start = true;
#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
          if (w->force_start)
            {
              if (window_frozen_p (w))
                debug_method_add (w, "set force_start from frozen window start");
              else
                debug_method_add (w, "set force_start from optional_new_start");
            }
#endif
        }
    }

 force_start:

  /* Handle case where place to start displaying has been specified,
     unless the specified location is outside the accessible range.  */
  if (w->force_start)
    {
      /* We set this later on if we have to adjust point.  */
      int new_vpos = -1;

      w->force_start = false;
      w->vscroll = 0;
      w->window_end_valid = false;

      /* Forget any recorded base line for line number display.  */
      if (!buffer_unchanged_p)
        w->base_line_number = 0;

      /* Redisplay the mode line.  Select the buffer properly for that.
         Also, run the hook window-scroll-functions
         because we have scrolled.  */
      /* Note, we do this after clearing force_start because
         if there's an error, it is better to forget about force_start
         than to get into an infinite loop calling the hook functions
         and having them get more errors.  */
      if (!update_mode_line
          || ! NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions))
        {
          update_mode_line = true;
          w->update_mode_line = true;
          startp = run_window_scroll_functions (window, startp);
        }

      if (CHARPOS (startp) < BEGV)
        SET_TEXT_POS (startp, BEGV, BEGV_BYTE);
      else if (CHARPOS (startp) > ZV)
        SET_TEXT_POS (startp, ZV, ZV_BYTE);

      /* Redisplay, then check if cursor has been set during the
         redisplay.  Give up if new fonts were loaded.  */
      /* We used to issue a CHECK_MARGINS argument to try_window here,
         but this causes scrolling to fail when point begins inside
         the scroll margin (bug#148) -- cyd  */
      if (!try_window (window, startp, 0))
        {
          w->force_start = true;
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          goto need_larger_matrices;
        }

      if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
        {
          /* If point does not appear, try to move point so it does
             appear.  The desired matrix has been built above, so we
             can use it here.  First see if point is in invisible
             text, and if so, move it to the first visible buffer
             position past that.  */
          struct glyph_row *r = NULL;
          Lisp_Object invprop =
            get_char_property_and_overlay (make_number (PT), Qinvisible,
                                           Qnil, NULL);

          if (TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (invprop) != 0)
            {
              ptrdiff_t alt_pt;
              Lisp_Object invprop_end =
                Fnext_single_char_property_change (make_number (PT), Qinvisible,
                                                   Qnil, Qnil);

              if (NATNUMP (invprop_end))
                alt_pt = XFASTINT (invprop_end);
              else
                alt_pt = ZV;
              r = row_containing_pos (w, alt_pt, w->desired_matrix->rows,
                                      NULL, 0);
            }
          if (r)
            new_vpos = MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (r);
          else  /* Give up and just move to the middle of the window.  */
            new_vpos = window_box_height (w) / 2;
        }

      if (!cursor_row_fully_visible_p (w, false, false))
        {
          /* Point does appear, but on a line partly visible at end of window.
             Move it back to a fully-visible line.  */
          new_vpos = window_box_height (w);
          /* But if window_box_height suggests a Y coordinate that is
             not less than we already have, that line will clearly not
             be fully visible, so give up and scroll the display.
             This can happen when the default face uses a font whose
             dimensions are different from the frame's default
             font.  */
          if (new_vpos >= w->cursor.y)
            {
              w->cursor.vpos = -1;
              clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
              goto try_to_scroll;
            }
        }
      else if (w->cursor.vpos >= 0)
        {
          /* Some people insist on not letting point enter the scroll
             margin, even though this part handles windows that didn't
             scroll at all.  */
          int pixel_margin = margin * frame_line_height;
          bool header_line = window_wants_header_line (w);

          /* Note: We add an extra FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT, because the loop
             below, which finds the row to move point to, advances by
             the Y coordinate of the _next_ row, see the definition of
             MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y.  */
          if (w->cursor.vpos < margin + header_line)
            {
              w->cursor.vpos = -1;
              clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
              goto try_to_scroll;
            }
          else
            {
              int window_height = window_box_height (w);

              if (header_line)
                window_height += CURRENT_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
              if (w->cursor.y >= window_height - pixel_margin)
                {
                  w->cursor.vpos = -1;
                  clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
                  goto try_to_scroll;
                }
            }
        }

      /* If we need to move point for either of the above reasons,
         now actually do it.  */
      if (new_vpos >= 0)
        {
          struct glyph_row *row;

          row = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->desired_matrix);
          while (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) < new_vpos)
            ++row;

          TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row),
                            MATRIX_ROW_START_BYTEPOS (row));

          if (w != XWINDOW (selected_window))
            set_marker_both (w->pointm, Qnil, PT, PT_BYTE);
          else if (current_buffer == old)
            SET_TEXT_POS (lpoint, PT, PT_BYTE);

          set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->desired_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);

          /* Re-run pre-redisplay-function so it can update the region
             according to the new position of point.  */
          /* Other than the cursor, w's redisplay is done so we can set its
             redisplay to false.  Also the buffer's redisplay can be set to
             false, since propagate_buffer_redisplay should have already
             propagated its info to `w' anyway.  */
          w->redisplay = false;
          XBUFFER (w->contents)->text->redisplay = false;
          safe__call1 (true, Vpre_redisplay_function, Fcons (window, Qnil));

          if (w->redisplay || XBUFFER (w->contents)->text->redisplay
              || ((EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative)
                   || EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual))
                  && row != MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->desired_matrix)))
            {
              /* Either pre-redisplay-function made changes (e.g. move
                 the region), or we moved point in a window that is
                 under display-line-numbers = relative mode.  We need
                 another round of redisplay.  */
              clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
              if (!try_window (window, startp, 0))
                goto need_larger_matrices;
            }
        }
      if (w->cursor.vpos < 0 || !cursor_row_fully_visible_p (w, false, false))
        {
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          goto try_to_scroll;
        }

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
      debug_method_add (w, "forced window start");
#endif
      goto done;
    }

  /* Handle case where text has not changed, only point, and it has
     not moved off the frame, and we are not retrying after hscroll.
     (current_matrix_up_to_date_p is true when retrying.)  */
  if (current_matrix_up_to_date_p
      && (rc = try_cursor_movement (window, startp, &temp_scroll_step),
          rc != CURSOR_MOVEMENT_CANNOT_BE_USED))
    {
      switch (rc)
        {
        case CURSOR_MOVEMENT_SUCCESS:
          used_current_matrix_p = true;
          goto done;

        case CURSOR_MOVEMENT_MUST_SCROLL:
          goto try_to_scroll;

        default:
          emacs_abort ();
        }
    }
  /* If current starting point was originally the beginning of a line
     but no longer is, find a new starting point.  */
  else if (w->start_at_line_beg
           && !(CHARPOS (startp) <= BEGV
                || FETCH_BYTE (BYTEPOS (startp) - 1) == '\n'))
    {
#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
      debug_method_add (w, "recenter 1");
#endif
      goto recenter;
    }

  /* Try scrolling with try_window_id.  Value is > 0 if update has
     been done, it is -1 if we know that the same window start will
     not work.  It is 0 if unsuccessful for some other reason.  */
  else if ((tem = try_window_id (w)) != 0)
    {
#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
      debug_method_add (w, "try_window_id %d", tem);
#endif

      if (f->fonts_changed)
        goto need_larger_matrices;
      if (tem > 0)
        goto done;

      /* Otherwise try_window_id has returned -1 which means that we
         don't want the alternative below this comment to execute.  */
    }
  else if (CHARPOS (startp) >= BEGV
           && CHARPOS (startp) <= ZV
           && PT >= CHARPOS (startp)
           && (CHARPOS (startp) < ZV
               /* Avoid starting at end of buffer.  */
               || CHARPOS (startp) == BEGV
               || !window_outdated (w)))
    {
      int d1, d2, d5, d6;
      int rtop, rbot;

      /* If first window line is a continuation line, and window start
         is inside the modified region, but the first change is before
         current window start, we must select a new window start.

         However, if this is the result of a down-mouse event (e.g. by
         extending the mouse-drag-overlay), we don't want to select a
         new window start, since that would change the position under
         the mouse, resulting in an unwanted mouse-movement rather
         than a simple mouse-click.  */
      if (!w->start_at_line_beg
          && NILP (do_mouse_tracking)
          && CHARPOS (startp) > BEGV
          && CHARPOS (startp) > BEG + beg_unchanged
          && CHARPOS (startp) <= Z - end_unchanged
          /* Even if w->start_at_line_beg is nil, a new window may
             start at a line_beg, since that's how set_buffer_window
             sets it.  So, we need to check the return value of
             compute_window_start_on_continuation_line.  (See also
             bug#197).  */
          && XMARKER (w->start)->buffer == current_buffer
          && compute_window_start_on_continuation_line (w)
          /* It doesn't make sense to force the window start like we
             do at label force_start if it is already known that point
             will not be fully visible in the resulting window, because
             doing so will move point from its correct position
             instead of scrolling the window to bring point into view.
             See bug#9324.  */
          && pos_visible_p (w, PT, &d1, &d2, &rtop, &rbot, &d5, &d6)
          /* A very tall row could need more than the window height,
             in which case we accept that it is partially visible.  */
          && (rtop != 0) == (rbot != 0))
        {
          w->force_start = true;
          SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (startp, w->start);
#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
          debug_method_add (w, "recomputed window start in continuation line");
#endif
          goto force_start;
        }

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
      debug_method_add (w, "same window start");
#endif

      /* Try to redisplay starting at same place as before.
         If point has not moved off frame, accept the results.  */
      if (!current_matrix_up_to_date_p
          /* Don't use try_window_reusing_current_matrix in this case
             because a window scroll function can have changed the
             buffer.  */
          || !NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions)
          || MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
          || !(used_current_matrix_p
               = try_window_reusing_current_matrix (w)))
        {
          IF_DEBUG (debug_method_add (w, "1"));
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          if (try_window (window, startp, TRY_WINDOW_CHECK_MARGINS) < 0)
            /* -1 means we need to scroll.
               0 means we need new matrices, but fonts_changed
               is set in that case, so we will detect it below.  */
            goto try_to_scroll;
        }

      if (f->fonts_changed)
        goto need_larger_matrices;

      if (w->cursor.vpos >= 0)
        {
          if (!just_this_one_p
              || current_buffer->clip_changed
              || BEG_UNCHANGED < CHARPOS (startp))
            /* Forget any recorded base line for line number display.  */
            w->base_line_number = 0;

          if (!cursor_row_fully_visible_p (w, true, false))
            {
              clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
              last_line_misfit = true;
            }
            /* Drop through and scroll.  */
          else
            goto done;
        }
      else
        clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
    }

 try_to_scroll:

  /* Redisplay the mode line.  Select the buffer properly for that.  */
  if (!update_mode_line)
    {
      update_mode_line = true;
      w->update_mode_line = true;
    }

  /* Try to scroll by specified few lines.  */
  if ((scroll_conservatively
       || emacs_scroll_step
       || temp_scroll_step
       || NUMBERP (BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_up_aggressively))
       || NUMBERP (BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_down_aggressively)))
      && CHARPOS (startp) >= BEGV
      && CHARPOS (startp) <= ZV)
    {
      /* The function returns -1 if new fonts were loaded, 1 if
         successful, 0 if not successful.  */
      int ss = try_scrolling (window, just_this_one_p,
                              scroll_conservatively,
                              emacs_scroll_step,
                              temp_scroll_step, last_line_misfit);
      switch (ss)
        {
        case SCROLLING_SUCCESS:
          goto done;

        case SCROLLING_NEED_LARGER_MATRICES:
          goto need_larger_matrices;

        case SCROLLING_FAILED:
          break;

        default:
          emacs_abort ();
        }
    }

  /* Finally, just choose a place to start which positions point
     according to user preferences.  */

 recenter:

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  debug_method_add (w, "recenter");
#endif

  /* Forget any previously recorded base line for line number display.  */
  if (!buffer_unchanged_p)
    w->base_line_number = 0;

  /* Determine the window start relative to point.  */
  init_iterator (&it, w, PT, PT_BYTE, NULL, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
  it.current_y = it.last_visible_y;
  if (centering_position < 0)
    {
      ptrdiff_t margin_pos = CHARPOS (startp);
      Lisp_Object aggressive;
      bool scrolling_up;

      /* If there is a scroll margin at the top of the window, find
         its character position.  */
      if (margin
          /* Cannot call start_display if startp is not in the
             accessible region of the buffer.  This can happen when we
             have just switched to a different buffer and/or changed
             its restriction.  In that case, startp is initialized to
             the character position 1 (BEGV) because we did not yet
             have chance to display the buffer even once.  */
          && BEGV <= CHARPOS (startp) && CHARPOS (startp) <= ZV)
        {
          struct it it1;
          void *it1data = NULL;

          SAVE_IT (it1, it, it1data);
          start_display (&it1, w, startp);
          move_it_vertically (&it1, margin * frame_line_height);
          margin_pos = IT_CHARPOS (it1);
          RESTORE_IT (&it, &it, it1data);
        }
      scrolling_up = PT > margin_pos;
      aggressive =
        scrolling_up
        ? BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_up_aggressively)
        : BVAR (current_buffer, scroll_down_aggressively);

      if (!MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
          && (scroll_conservatively > SCROLL_LIMIT || NUMBERP (aggressive)))
        {
          int pt_offset = 0;

          /* Setting scroll-conservatively overrides
             scroll-*-aggressively.  */
          if (!scroll_conservatively && NUMBERP (aggressive))
            {
              double float_amount = XFLOATINT (aggressive);

              pt_offset = float_amount * WINDOW_BOX_TEXT_HEIGHT (w);
              if (pt_offset == 0 && float_amount > 0)
                pt_offset = 1;
              if (pt_offset && margin > 0)
                margin -= 1;
            }
          /* Compute how much to move the window start backward from
             point so that point will be displayed where the user
             wants it.  */
          if (scrolling_up)
            {
              centering_position = it.last_visible_y;
              if (pt_offset)
                centering_position -= pt_offset;
              centering_position -=
                (frame_line_height * (1 + margin + last_line_misfit)
                 + WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w));
              /* Don't let point enter the scroll margin near top of
                 the window.  */
              if (centering_position < margin * frame_line_height)
                centering_position = margin * frame_line_height;
            }
          else
            centering_position = margin * frame_line_height + pt_offset;
        }
      else
        /* Set the window start half the height of the window backward
           from point.  */
        centering_position = window_box_height (w) / 2;
    }
  move_it_vertically_backward (&it, centering_position);

  eassert (IT_CHARPOS (it) >= BEGV);

  /* The function move_it_vertically_backward may move over more
     than the specified y-distance.  If it->w is small, e.g. a
     mini-buffer window, we may end up in front of the window's
     display area.  Start displaying at the start of the line
     containing PT in this case.  */
  if (it.current_y <= 0)
    {
      init_iterator (&it, w, PT, PT_BYTE, NULL, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
      move_it_vertically_backward (&it, 0);
      it.current_y = 0;
    }

  it.current_x = it.hpos = 0;

  /* Set the window start position here explicitly, to avoid an
     infinite loop in case the functions in window-scroll-functions
     get errors.  */
  set_marker_both (w->start, Qnil, IT_CHARPOS (it), IT_BYTEPOS (it));

  /* Run scroll hooks.  */
  startp = run_window_scroll_functions (window, it.current.pos);

  /* We invoke try_window and try_window_reusing_current_matrix below,
     and they manipulate the bidi cache.  Save and restore the cache
     state of our iterator, so we could continue using it after that.  */
  itdata = bidi_shelve_cache ();

  /* Redisplay the window.  */
  use_desired_matrix = false;
  if (!current_matrix_up_to_date_p
      || windows_or_buffers_changed
      || f->cursor_type_changed
      /* Don't use try_window_reusing_current_matrix in this case
         because it can have changed the buffer.  */
      || !NILP (Vwindow_scroll_functions)
      || !just_this_one_p
      || MINI_WINDOW_P (w)
      || !(used_current_matrix_p
           = try_window_reusing_current_matrix (w)))
    use_desired_matrix = (try_window (window, startp, 0) == 1);

  bidi_unshelve_cache (itdata, false);

  /* If new fonts have been loaded (due to fontsets), give up.  We
     have to start a new redisplay since we need to re-adjust glyph
     matrices.  */
  if (f->fonts_changed)
    goto need_larger_matrices;

  /* If cursor did not appear assume that the middle of the window is
     in the first line of the window.  Do it again with the next line.
     (Imagine a window of height 100, displaying two lines of height
     60.  Moving back 50 from it->last_visible_y will end in the first
     line.)  */
  if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
    {
      if (w->window_end_valid && PT >= Z - w->window_end_pos)
        {
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
          try_window (window, it.current.pos, 0);
        }
      else if (PT < IT_CHARPOS (it))
        {
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          move_it_by_lines (&it, -1);
          try_window (window, it.current.pos, 0);
        }
      else if (scroll_conservatively > SCROLL_LIMIT
               && (it.method == GET_FROM_STRING
                   || overlay_touches_p (IT_CHARPOS (it)))
               && IT_CHARPOS (it) < ZV)
        {
          /* If the window starts with a before-string that spans more
             than one screen line, using that position to display the
             window might fail to bring point into the view, because
             start_display will always start by displaying the string,
             whereas the code above determines where to set w->start
             by the buffer position of the place where it takes screen
             coordinates.  Try to recover by finding the next screen
             line that displays buffer text.  */
          ptrdiff_t pos0 = IT_CHARPOS (it);

          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          do {
            move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
          } while (IT_CHARPOS (it) == pos0);
          try_window (window, it.current.pos, 0);
        }
      else
        {
          /* Not much we can do about it.  */
        }
    }

  /* Consider the following case: Window starts at BEGV, there is
     invisible, intangible text at BEGV, so that display starts at
     some point START > BEGV.  It can happen that we are called with
     PT somewhere between BEGV and START.  Try to handle that case,
     and similar ones.  */
  if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
    {
      /* Prefer the desired matrix to the current matrix, if possible,
         in the fallback calculations below.  This is because using
         the current matrix might completely goof, e.g. if its first
         row is after point.  */
      struct glyph_matrix *matrix =
        use_desired_matrix ? w->desired_matrix : w->current_matrix;
      /* First, try locating the proper glyph row for PT.  */
      struct glyph_row *row =
        row_containing_pos (w, PT, matrix->rows, NULL, 0);

      /* Sometimes point is at the beginning of invisible text that is
         before the 1st character displayed in the row.  In that case,
         row_containing_pos fails to find the row, because no glyphs
         with appropriate buffer positions are present in the row.
         Therefore, we next try to find the row which shows the 1st
         position after the invisible text.  */
      if (!row)
        {
          Lisp_Object val =
            get_char_property_and_overlay (make_number (PT), Qinvisible,
                                           Qnil, NULL);

          if (TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (val) != 0)
            {
              ptrdiff_t alt_pos;
              Lisp_Object invis_end =
                Fnext_single_char_property_change (make_number (PT), Qinvisible,
                                                   Qnil, Qnil);

              if (NATNUMP (invis_end))
                alt_pos = XFASTINT (invis_end);
              else
                alt_pos = ZV;
              row = row_containing_pos (w, alt_pos, matrix->rows, NULL, 0);
            }
        }
      /* Finally, fall back on the first row of the window after the
         header line (if any).  This is slightly better than not
         displaying the cursor at all.  */
      if (!row)
        {
          row = matrix->rows;
          if (row->mode_line_p)
            ++row;
        }
      set_cursor_from_row (w, row, matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    }

  if (!cursor_row_fully_visible_p (w, false, false))
    {
      /* If vscroll is enabled, disable it and try again.  */
      if (w->vscroll)
        {
          w->vscroll = 0;
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          goto recenter;
        }

      /* Users who set scroll-conservatively to a large number want
         point just above/below the scroll margin.  If we ended up
         with point's row partially visible, move the window start to
         make that row fully visible and out of the margin.  */
      if (scroll_conservatively > SCROLL_LIMIT)
        {
          int window_total_lines
            = WINDOW_TOTAL_LINES (w) * FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f) / frame_line_height;
          bool move_down = w->cursor.vpos >= window_total_lines / 2;

          move_it_by_lines (&it, move_down ? margin + 1 : -(margin + 1));
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          if (1 == try_window (window, it.current.pos,
                               TRY_WINDOW_CHECK_MARGINS))
            goto done;
        }

      /* If centering point failed to make the whole line visible,
         put point at the top instead.  That has to make the whole line
         visible, if it can be done.  */
      if (centering_position == 0)
        goto done;

      clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
      centering_position = 0;
      goto recenter;
    }

 done:

  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (startp, w->start);
  w->start_at_line_beg = (CHARPOS (startp) == BEGV
                          || FETCH_BYTE (BYTEPOS (startp) - 1) == '\n');

  /* Display the mode line, if we must.  */
  if ((update_mode_line
       /* If window not full width, must redo its mode line
          if (a) the window to its side is being redone and
          (b) we do a frame-based redisplay.  This is a consequence
          of how inverted lines are drawn in frame-based redisplay.  */
       || (!just_this_one_p
           && !FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
           && !WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w))
       /* Line number to display.  */
       || w->base_line_pos > 0
       /* Column number is displayed and different from the one displayed.  */
       || (w->column_number_displayed != -1
           && (w->column_number_displayed != current_column ())))
      /* This means that the window has a mode line.  */
      && (window_wants_mode_line (w)
          || window_wants_header_line (w)))
    {

      display_mode_lines (w);

      /* If mode line height has changed, arrange for a thorough
         immediate redisplay using the correct mode line height.  */
      if (window_wants_mode_line (w)
          && CURRENT_MODE_LINE_HEIGHT (w) != DESIRED_MODE_LINE_HEIGHT (w))
        {
          f->fonts_changed = true;
          w->mode_line_height = -1;
          MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)->height
            = DESIRED_MODE_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
        }

      /* If header line height has changed, arrange for a thorough
         immediate redisplay using the correct header line height.  */
      if (window_wants_header_line (w)
          && CURRENT_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w) != DESIRED_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w))
        {
          f->fonts_changed = true;
          w->header_line_height = -1;
          MATRIX_HEADER_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)->height
            = DESIRED_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
        }

      if (f->fonts_changed)
        goto need_larger_matrices;
    }

  if (!line_number_displayed && w->base_line_pos != -1)
    {
      w->base_line_pos = 0;
      w->base_line_number = 0;
    }

 finish_menu_bars:

  /* When we reach a frame's selected window, redo the frame's menu
     bar and the frame's title.  */
  if (update_mode_line
      && EQ (FRAME_SELECTED_WINDOW (f), window))
    {
      bool redisplay_menu_p;

      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
        {
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (HAVE_NTGUI) \
    || defined (HAVE_NS) || defined (USE_GTK)
          redisplay_menu_p = FRAME_EXTERNAL_MENU_BAR (f);
#else
          redisplay_menu_p = FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0;
#endif
        }
      else
        redisplay_menu_p = FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f) > 0;

      if (redisplay_menu_p)
        display_menu_bar (w);

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
        {
#if defined (USE_GTK) || defined (HAVE_NS)
          if (FRAME_EXTERNAL_TOOL_BAR (f))
            redisplay_tool_bar (f);
#else
          if (WINDOWP (f->tool_bar_window)
              && (FRAME_TOOL_BAR_LINES (f) > 0
                  || !NILP (Vauto_resize_tool_bars))
              && redisplay_tool_bar (f))
            ignore_mouse_drag_p = true;
#endif
        }
      x_consider_frame_title (w->frame);
#endif
    }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
      && update_window_fringes (w, (just_this_one_p
                                    || (!used_current_matrix_p && !overlay_arrow_seen)
                                    || w->pseudo_window_p)))
    {
      update_begin (f);
      block_input ();
      if (draw_window_fringes (w, true))
        {
          if (WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w))
            x_draw_right_divider (w);
          else
            x_draw_vertical_border (w);
        }
      unblock_input ();
      update_end (f);
    }

  if (WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w))
    x_draw_bottom_divider (w);
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

  /* We go to this label, with fonts_changed set, if it is
     necessary to try again using larger glyph matrices.
     We have to redeem the scroll bar even in this case,
     because the loop in redisplay_internal expects that.  */
 need_larger_matrices:
  ;
 finish_scroll_bars:

   if (WINDOW_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR (w) || WINDOW_HAS_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL_BAR (w))
    {
      if (WINDOW_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR (w))
        /* Set the thumb's position and size.  */
        set_vertical_scroll_bar (w);

      if (WINDOW_HAS_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL_BAR (w))
        /* Set the thumb's position and size.  */
        set_horizontal_scroll_bar (w);

      /* Note that we actually used the scroll bar attached to this
         window, so it shouldn't be deleted at the end of redisplay.  */
      if (FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->redeem_scroll_bar_hook)
        (*FRAME_TERMINAL (f)->redeem_scroll_bar_hook) (w);
    }

  /* Restore current_buffer and value of point in it.  The window
     update may have changed the buffer, so first make sure `opoint'
     is still valid (Bug#6177).  */
  if (CHARPOS (opoint) < BEGV)
    TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (BEGV, BEGV_BYTE);
  else if (CHARPOS (opoint) > ZV)
    TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (Z, Z_BYTE);
  else
    TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (CHARPOS (opoint), BYTEPOS (opoint));

  set_buffer_internal_1 (old);
  /* Avoid an abort in TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH if the buffer has become
     shorter.  This can be caused by log truncation in *Messages*.  */
  if (CHARPOS (lpoint) <= ZV)
    TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (CHARPOS (lpoint), BYTEPOS (lpoint));

  unbind_to (count, Qnil);
}


/* Build the complete desired matrix of WINDOW with a window start
   buffer position POS.

   Value is 1 if successful.  It is zero if fonts were loaded during
   redisplay which makes re-adjusting glyph matrices necessary, and -1
   if point would appear in the scroll margins.
   (We check the former only if TRY_WINDOW_IGNORE_FONTS_CHANGE is
   unset in FLAGS, and the latter only if TRY_WINDOW_CHECK_MARGINS is
   set in FLAGS.)  */

int
try_window (Lisp_Object window, struct text_pos pos, int flags)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  struct it it;
  struct glyph_row *last_text_row = NULL;
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int cursor_vpos = w->cursor.vpos;

  /* Make POS the new window start.  */
  set_marker_both (w->start, Qnil, CHARPOS (pos), BYTEPOS (pos));

  /* Mark cursor position as unknown.  No overlay arrow seen.  */
  w->cursor.vpos = -1;
  overlay_arrow_seen = false;

  /* Initialize iterator and info to start at POS.  */
  start_display (&it, w, pos);
  it.glyph_row->reversed_p = false;

  /* Display all lines of W.  */
  while (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y)
    {
      if (display_line (&it, cursor_vpos))
        last_text_row = it.glyph_row - 1;
      if (f->fonts_changed && !(flags & TRY_WINDOW_IGNORE_FONTS_CHANGE))
        return 0;
    }

  /* Save the character position of 'it' before we call
     'start_display' again.  */
  ptrdiff_t it_charpos = IT_CHARPOS (it);

  /* Don't let the cursor end in the scroll margins.  */
  if ((flags & TRY_WINDOW_CHECK_MARGINS)
      && !MINI_WINDOW_P (w))
    {
      int this_scroll_margin = window_scroll_margin (w, MARGIN_IN_PIXELS);
      start_display (&it, w, pos);

      if ((w->cursor.y >= 0     /* not vscrolled */
           && w->cursor.y < this_scroll_margin
           && CHARPOS (pos) > BEGV
           && it_charpos < ZV)
          /* rms: considering make_cursor_line_fully_visible_p here
             seems to give wrong results.  We don't want to recenter
             when the last line is partly visible, we want to allow
             that case to be handled in the usual way.  */
          || w->cursor.y > (it.last_visible_y - partial_line_height (&it)
                            - this_scroll_margin - 1))
        {
          w->cursor.vpos = -1;
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          return -1;
        }
    }

  /* If bottom moved off end of frame, change mode line percentage.  */
  if (w->window_end_pos <= 0 && Z != it_charpos)
    w->update_mode_line = true;

  /* Set window_end_pos to the offset of the last character displayed
     on the window from the end of current_buffer.  Set
     window_end_vpos to its row number.  */
  if (last_text_row)
    {
      eassert (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (last_text_row));
      adjust_window_ends (w, last_text_row, false);
      eassert
        (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (MATRIX_ROW (w->desired_matrix,
                                                 w->window_end_vpos)));
    }
  else
    {
      w->window_end_bytepos = Z_BYTE - ZV_BYTE;
      w->window_end_pos = Z - ZV;
      w->window_end_vpos = 0;
    }

  /* But that is not valid info until redisplay finishes.  */
  w->window_end_valid = false;
  return 1;
}


\f
/************************************************************************
    Window redisplay reusing current matrix when buffer has not changed
 ************************************************************************/

/* Try redisplay of window W showing an unchanged buffer with a
   different window start than the last time it was displayed by
   reusing its current matrix.  Value is true if successful.
   W->start is the new window start.  */

static bool
try_window_reusing_current_matrix (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct glyph_row *bottom_row;
  struct it it;
  struct run run;
  struct text_pos start, new_start;
  int nrows_scrolled, i;
  struct glyph_row *last_text_row;
  struct glyph_row *last_reused_text_row;
  struct glyph_row *start_row;
  int start_vpos, min_y, max_y;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  if (inhibit_try_window_reusing)
    return false;
#endif

  if (/* This function doesn't handle terminal frames.  */
      !FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
      /* Don't try to reuse the display if windows have been split
         or such.  */
      || windows_or_buffers_changed
      || f->cursor_type_changed
      /* This function cannot handle buffers where the overlay arrow
         is shown on the fringes, because if the arrow position
         changes, we cannot just reuse the current matrix.  */
      || overlay_arrow_in_current_buffer_p ())
    return false;

  /* Can't do this if showing trailing whitespace.  */
  if (!NILP (Vshow_trailing_whitespace))
    return false;

  /* If top-line visibility has changed, give up.  */
  if (window_wants_header_line (w)
      != MATRIX_HEADER_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)->mode_line_p)
    return false;

  /* Give up if old or new display is scrolled vertically.  We could
     make this function handle this, but right now it doesn't.  */
  start_row = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
  if (w->vscroll || MATRIX_ROW_PARTIALLY_VISIBLE_P (w, start_row))
    return false;

  /* Clear the desired matrix for the display below.  */
  clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);

  /* Give up if line numbers are being displayed, because reusing the
     current matrix might use the wrong width for line-number
     display.  */
  if (!NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers))
    return false;

  /* The variable new_start now holds the new window start.  The old
     start `start' can be determined from the current matrix.  */
  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (new_start, w->start);
  start = start_row->minpos;
  start_vpos = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (start_row, w->current_matrix);

  if (CHARPOS (new_start) <= CHARPOS (start))
    {
      /* Don't use this method if the display starts with an ellipsis
         displayed for invisible text.  It's not easy to handle that case
         below, and it's certainly not worth the effort since this is
         not a frequent case.  */
      if (in_ellipses_for_invisible_text_p (&start_row->start, w))
        return false;

      IF_DEBUG (debug_method_add (w, "twu1"));

      /* Display up to a row that can be reused.  The variable
         last_text_row is set to the last row displayed that displays
         text.  Note that it.vpos == 0 if or if not there is a
         header-line; it's not the same as the MATRIX_ROW_VPOS!  */
      start_display (&it, w, new_start);
      w->cursor.vpos = -1;
      last_text_row = last_reused_text_row = NULL;

      while (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y && !f->fonts_changed)
        {
          /* If we have reached into the characters in the START row,
             that means the line boundaries have changed.  So we
             can't start copying with the row START.  Maybe it will
             work to start copying with the following row.  */
          while (IT_CHARPOS (it) > CHARPOS (start))
            {
              /* Advance to the next row as the "start".  */
              start_row++;
              start = start_row->minpos;
              /* If there are no more rows to try, or just one, give up.  */
              if (start_row == MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix) - 1
                  || w->vscroll || MATRIX_ROW_PARTIALLY_VISIBLE_P (w, start_row)
                  || CHARPOS (start) == ZV)
                {
                  clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
                  return false;
                }

              start_vpos = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (start_row, w->current_matrix);
            }
          /* If we have reached alignment, we can copy the rest of the
             rows.  */
          if (IT_CHARPOS (it) == CHARPOS (start)
              /* Don't accept "alignment" inside a display vector,
                 since start_row could have started in the middle of
                 that same display vector (thus their character
                 positions match), and we have no way of telling if
                 that is the case.  */
              && it.current.dpvec_index < 0)
            break;

          it.glyph_row->reversed_p = false;
          if (display_line (&it, -1))
            last_text_row = it.glyph_row - 1;

        }

      /* A value of current_y < last_visible_y means that we stopped
         at the previous window start, which in turn means that we
         have at least one reusable row.  */
      if (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y)
        {
          struct glyph_row *row;

          /* IT.vpos always starts from 0; it counts text lines.  */
          nrows_scrolled = it.vpos - (start_row - MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix));

          /* Find PT if not already found in the lines displayed.  */
          if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
            {
              int dy = it.current_y - start_row->y;

              row = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
              row = row_containing_pos (w, PT, row, NULL, dy);
              if (row)
                set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix, 0, 0,
                                     dy, nrows_scrolled);
              else
                {
                  clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
                  return false;
                }
            }

          /* Scroll the display.  Do it before the current matrix is
             changed.  The problem here is that update has not yet
             run, i.e. part of the current matrix is not up to date.
             scroll_run_hook will clear the cursor, and use the
             current matrix to get the height of the row the cursor is
             in.  */
          run.current_y = start_row->y;
          run.desired_y = it.current_y;
          run.height = it.last_visible_y - it.current_y;

          if (run.height > 0 && run.current_y != run.desired_y)
            {
              update_begin (f);
              FRAME_RIF (f)->update_window_begin_hook (w);
              FRAME_RIF (f)->clear_window_mouse_face (w);
              FRAME_RIF (f)->scroll_run_hook (w, &run);
              FRAME_RIF (f)->update_window_end_hook (w, false, false);
              update_end (f);
            }

          /* Shift current matrix down by nrows_scrolled lines.  */
          bottom_row = MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix, w);
          rotate_matrix (w->current_matrix,
                         start_vpos,
                         MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (bottom_row, w->current_matrix),
                         nrows_scrolled);

          /* Disable lines that must be updated.  */
          for (i = 0; i < nrows_scrolled; ++i)
            (start_row + i)->enabled_p = false;

          /* Re-compute Y positions.  */
          min_y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
          max_y = it.last_visible_y;
          for (row = start_row + nrows_scrolled;
               row < bottom_row;
               ++row)
            {
              row->y = it.current_y;
              row->visible_height = row->height;

              if (row->y < min_y)
                row->visible_height -= min_y - row->y;
              if (row->y + row->height > max_y)
                row->visible_height -= row->y + row->height - max_y;
              if (row->fringe_bitmap_periodic_p)
                row->redraw_fringe_bitmaps_p = true;

              it.current_y += row->height;

              if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))
                last_reused_text_row = row;
              if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) >= it.last_visible_y)
                break;
            }

          /* Disable lines in the current matrix which are now
             below the window.  */
          for (++row; row < bottom_row; ++row)
            row->enabled_p = row->mode_line_p = false;
        }

      /* Update window_end_pos etc.; last_reused_text_row is the last
         reused row from the current matrix containing text, if any.
         The value of last_text_row is the last displayed line
         containing text.  */
      if (last_reused_text_row)
        adjust_window_ends (w, last_reused_text_row, true);
      else if (last_text_row)
        adjust_window_ends (w, last_text_row, false);
      else
        {
          /* This window must be completely empty.  */
          w->window_end_bytepos = Z_BYTE - ZV_BYTE;
          w->window_end_pos = Z - ZV;
          w->window_end_vpos = 0;
        }
      w->window_end_valid = false;

      /* Update hint: don't try scrolling again in update_window.  */
      w->desired_matrix->no_scrolling_p = true;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
      debug_method_add (w, "try_window_reusing_current_matrix 1");
#endif
      return true;
    }
  else if (CHARPOS (new_start) > CHARPOS (start))
    {
      struct glyph_row *pt_row, *row;
      struct glyph_row *first_reusable_row;
      struct glyph_row *first_row_to_display;
      int dy;
      int yb = window_text_bottom_y (w);

      /* Find the row starting at new_start, if there is one.  Don't
         reuse a partially visible line at the end.  */
      first_reusable_row = start_row;
      while (first_reusable_row->enabled_p
             && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (first_reusable_row) < yb
             && (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (first_reusable_row)
                 < CHARPOS (new_start)))
        ++first_reusable_row;

      /* Give up if there is no row to reuse.  */
      if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (first_reusable_row) >= yb
          || !first_reusable_row->enabled_p
          || (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (first_reusable_row)
              != CHARPOS (new_start)))
        return false;

      /* We can reuse fully visible rows beginning with
         first_reusable_row to the end of the window.  Set
         first_row_to_display to the first row that cannot be reused.
         Set pt_row to the row containing point, if there is any.  */
      pt_row = NULL;
      for (first_row_to_display = first_reusable_row;
           MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (first_row_to_display) < yb;
           ++first_row_to_display)
        {
          if (PT >= MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (first_row_to_display)
              && (PT < MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (first_row_to_display)
                  || (PT == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (first_row_to_display)
                      && first_row_to_display->ends_at_zv_p
                      && pt_row == NULL)))
            pt_row = first_row_to_display;
        }

      /* Start displaying at the start of first_row_to_display.  */
      eassert (first_row_to_display->y < yb);
      init_to_row_start (&it, w, first_row_to_display);

      nrows_scrolled = (MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (first_reusable_row, w->current_matrix)
                        - start_vpos);
      it.vpos = (MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (first_row_to_display, w->current_matrix)
                 - nrows_scrolled);
      it.current_y = (first_row_to_display->y - first_reusable_row->y
                      + WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w));

      /* Display lines beginning with first_row_to_display in the
         desired matrix.  Set last_text_row to the last row displayed
         that displays text.  */
      it.glyph_row = MATRIX_ROW (w->desired_matrix, it.vpos);
      if (pt_row == NULL)
        w->cursor.vpos = -1;
      last_text_row = NULL;
      while (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y && !f->fonts_changed)
        if (display_line (&it, w->cursor.vpos))
          last_text_row = it.glyph_row - 1;

      /* If point is in a reused row, adjust y and vpos of the cursor
         position.  */
      if (pt_row)
        {
          w->cursor.vpos -= nrows_scrolled;
          w->cursor.y -= first_reusable_row->y - start_row->y;
        }

      /* Give up if point isn't in a row displayed or reused.  (This
         also handles the case where w->cursor.vpos < nrows_scrolled
         after the calls to display_line, which can happen with scroll
         margins.  See bug#1295.)  */
      if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
        {
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          return false;
        }

      /* Scroll the display.  */
      run.current_y = first_reusable_row->y;
      run.desired_y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
      run.height = it.last_visible_y - run.current_y;
      dy = run.current_y - run.desired_y;

      if (run.height)
        {
          update_begin (f);
          FRAME_RIF (f)->update_window_begin_hook (w);
          FRAME_RIF (f)->clear_window_mouse_face (w);
          FRAME_RIF (f)->scroll_run_hook (w, &run);
          FRAME_RIF (f)->update_window_end_hook (w, false, false);
          update_end (f);
        }

      /* Adjust Y positions of reused rows.  */
      bottom_row = MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix, w);
      min_y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
      max_y = it.last_visible_y;
      for (row = first_reusable_row; row < first_row_to_display; ++row)
        {
          row->y -= dy;
          row->visible_height = row->height;
          if (row->y < min_y)
            row->visible_height -= min_y - row->y;
          if (row->y + row->height > max_y)
            row->visible_height -= row->y + row->height - max_y;
          if (row->fringe_bitmap_periodic_p)
            row->redraw_fringe_bitmaps_p = true;
        }

      /* Scroll the current matrix.  */
      eassert (nrows_scrolled > 0);
      rotate_matrix (w->current_matrix,
                     start_vpos,
                     MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (bottom_row, w->current_matrix),
                     -nrows_scrolled);

      /* Disable rows not reused.  */
      for (row -= nrows_scrolled; row < bottom_row; ++row)
        row->enabled_p = false;

      /* Point may have moved to a different line, so we cannot assume that
         the previous cursor position is valid; locate the correct row.  */
      if (pt_row)
        {
          for (row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->cursor.vpos);
               row < bottom_row
                 && PT >= MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                 && !row->ends_at_zv_p;
               row++)
            {
              w->cursor.vpos++;
              w->cursor.y = row->y;
            }
          if (row < bottom_row)
            {
              /* Can't simply scan the row for point with
                 bidi-reordered glyph rows.  Let set_cursor_from_row
                 figure out where to put the cursor, and if it fails,
                 give up.  */
              if (!NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_display_reordering)))
                {
                  if (!set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix,
                                            0, 0, 0, 0))
                    {
                      clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
                      return false;
                    }
                }
              else
                {
                  struct glyph *glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + w->cursor.hpos;
                  struct glyph *end = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA];

                  for (; glyph < end
                         && (!BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                             || glyph->charpos < PT);
                       glyph++)
                    {
                      w->cursor.hpos++;
                      w->cursor.x += glyph->pixel_width;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

      /* Adjust window end.  A null value of last_text_row means that
         the window end is in reused rows which in turn means that
         only its vpos can have changed.  */
      if (last_text_row)
        adjust_window_ends (w, last_text_row, false);
      else
        w->window_end_vpos -= nrows_scrolled;

      w->window_end_valid = false;
      w->desired_matrix->no_scrolling_p = true;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
      debug_method_add (w, "try_window_reusing_current_matrix 2");
#endif
      return true;
    }

  return false;
}


\f
/************************************************************************
   Window redisplay reusing current matrix when buffer has changed
 ************************************************************************/

static struct glyph_row *find_last_unchanged_at_beg_row (struct window *);
static struct glyph_row *find_first_unchanged_at_end_row (struct window *,
                                                          ptrdiff_t *, ptrdiff_t *);
static struct glyph_row *
find_last_row_displaying_text (struct glyph_matrix *, struct it *,
                               struct glyph_row *);


/* Return the last row in MATRIX displaying text.  If row START is
   non-null, start searching with that row.  IT gives the dimensions
   of the display.  Value is null if matrix is empty; otherwise it is
   a pointer to the row found.  */

static struct glyph_row *
find_last_row_displaying_text (struct glyph_matrix *matrix, struct it *it,
                               struct glyph_row *start)
{
  struct glyph_row *row, *row_found;

  /* Set row_found to the last row in IT->w's current matrix
     displaying text.  The loop looks funny but think of partially
     visible lines.  */
  row_found = NULL;
  row = start ? start : MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (matrix);
  while (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))
    {
      eassert (row->enabled_p);
      row_found = row;
      if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) >= it->last_visible_y)
        break;
      ++row;
    }

  return row_found;
}


/* Return the last row in the current matrix of W that is not affected
   by changes at the start of current_buffer that occurred since W's
   current matrix was built.  Value is null if no such row exists.

   BEG_UNCHANGED us the number of characters unchanged at the start of
   current_buffer.  BEG + BEG_UNCHANGED is the buffer position of the
   first changed character in current_buffer.  Characters at positions <
   BEG + BEG_UNCHANGED are at the same buffer positions as they were
   when the current matrix was built.  */

static struct glyph_row *
find_last_unchanged_at_beg_row (struct window *w)
{
  ptrdiff_t first_changed_pos = BEG + BEG_UNCHANGED;
  struct glyph_row *row;
  struct glyph_row *row_found = NULL;
  int yb = window_text_bottom_y (w);

  /* Find the last row displaying unchanged text.  */
  for (row = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
       MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row)
         && MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) < first_changed_pos;
       ++row)
    {
      if (/* If row ends before first_changed_pos, it is unchanged,
             except in some case.  */
          MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) <= first_changed_pos
          /* When row ends in ZV and we write at ZV it is not
             unchanged.  */
          && !row->ends_at_zv_p
          /* When first_changed_pos is the end of a continued line,
             row is not unchanged because it may be no longer
             continued.  */
          && !(MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) == first_changed_pos
               && (row->continued_p
                   || row->exact_window_width_line_p))
          /* If ROW->end is beyond ZV, then ROW->end is outdated and
             needs to be recomputed, so don't consider this row as
             unchanged.  This happens when the last line was
             bidi-reordered and was killed immediately before this
             redisplay cycle.  In that case, ROW->end stores the
             buffer position of the first visual-order character of
             the killed text, which is now beyond ZV.  */
          && CHARPOS (row->end.pos) <= ZV)
        row_found = row;

      /* Stop if last visible row.  */
      if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) >= yb)
        break;
    }

  return row_found;
}


/* Find the first glyph row in the current matrix of W that is not
   affected by changes at the end of current_buffer since the
   time W's current matrix was built.

   Return in *DELTA the number of chars by which buffer positions in
   unchanged text at the end of current_buffer must be adjusted.

   Return in *DELTA_BYTES the corresponding number of bytes.

   Value is null if no such row exists, i.e. all rows are affected by
   changes.  */

static struct glyph_row *
find_first_unchanged_at_end_row (struct window *w,
                                 ptrdiff_t *delta, ptrdiff_t *delta_bytes)
{
  struct glyph_row *row;
  struct glyph_row *row_found = NULL;

  *delta = *delta_bytes = 0;

  /* Display must not have been paused, otherwise the current matrix
     is not up to date.  */
  eassert (w->window_end_valid);

  /* A value of window_end_pos >= END_UNCHANGED means that the window
     end is in the range of changed text.  If so, there is no
     unchanged row at the end of W's current matrix.  */
  if (w->window_end_pos >= END_UNCHANGED)
    return NULL;

  /* Set row to the last row in W's current matrix displaying text.  */
  row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->window_end_vpos);

  /* If matrix is entirely empty, no unchanged row exists.  */
  if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))
    {
      /* The value of row is the last glyph row in the matrix having a
         meaningful buffer position in it.  The end position of row
         corresponds to window_end_pos.  This allows us to translate
         buffer positions in the current matrix to current buffer
         positions for characters not in changed text.  */
      ptrdiff_t Z_old =
        MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) + w->window_end_pos;
      ptrdiff_t Z_BYTE_old =
        MATRIX_ROW_END_BYTEPOS (row) + w->window_end_bytepos;
      ptrdiff_t last_unchanged_pos, last_unchanged_pos_old;
      struct glyph_row *first_text_row
        = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);

      *delta = Z - Z_old;
      *delta_bytes = Z_BYTE - Z_BYTE_old;

      /* Set last_unchanged_pos to the buffer position of the last
         character in the buffer that has not been changed.  Z is the
         index + 1 of the last character in current_buffer, i.e. by
         subtracting END_UNCHANGED we get the index of the last
         unchanged character, and we have to add BEG to get its buffer
         position.  */
      last_unchanged_pos = Z - END_UNCHANGED + BEG;
      last_unchanged_pos_old = last_unchanged_pos - *delta;

      /* Search backward from ROW for a row displaying a line that
         starts at a minimum position >= last_unchanged_pos_old.  */
      for (; row > first_text_row; --row)
        {
          /* This used to abort, but it can happen.
             It is ok to just stop the search instead here.  KFS.  */
          if (!row->enabled_p || !MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))
            break;

          if (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) >= last_unchanged_pos_old)
            row_found = row;
        }
    }

  eassert (!row_found || MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row_found));

  return row_found;
}


/* Make sure that glyph rows in the current matrix of window W
   reference the same glyph memory as corresponding rows in the
   frame's frame matrix.  This function is called after scrolling W's
   current matrix on a terminal frame in try_window_id and
   try_window_reusing_current_matrix.  */

static void
sync_frame_with_window_matrix_rows (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct glyph_row *window_row, *window_row_end, *frame_row;

  /* Preconditions: W must be a leaf window and full-width.  Its frame
     must have a frame matrix.  */
  eassert (BUFFERP (w->contents));
  eassert (WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w));
  eassert (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (f));

  /* If W is a full-width window, glyph pointers in W's current matrix
     have, by definition, to be the same as glyph pointers in the
     corresponding frame matrix.  Note that frame matrices have no
     marginal areas (see build_frame_matrix).  */
  window_row = w->current_matrix->rows;
  window_row_end = window_row + w->current_matrix->nrows;
  frame_row = f->current_matrix->rows + WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_LINE (w);
  while (window_row < window_row_end)
    {
      struct glyph *start = window_row->glyphs[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA];
      struct glyph *end = window_row->glyphs[LAST_AREA];

      frame_row->glyphs[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA] = start;
      frame_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] = start;
      frame_row->glyphs[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA] = end;
      frame_row->glyphs[LAST_AREA] = end;

      /* Disable frame rows whose corresponding window rows have
         been disabled in try_window_id.  */
      if (!window_row->enabled_p)
        frame_row->enabled_p = false;

      ++window_row, ++frame_row;
    }
}


/* Find the glyph row in window W containing CHARPOS.  Consider all
   rows between START and END (not inclusive).  END null means search
   all rows to the end of the display area of W.  Value is the row
   containing CHARPOS or null.  */

struct glyph_row *
row_containing_pos (struct window *w, ptrdiff_t charpos,
                    struct glyph_row *start, struct glyph_row *end, int dy)
{
  struct glyph_row *row = start;
  struct glyph_row *best_row = NULL;
  ptrdiff_t mindif = BUF_ZV (XBUFFER (w->contents)) + 1;
  int last_y;

  /* If we happen to start on a header-line, skip that.  */
  if (row->mode_line_p)
    ++row;

  if ((end && row >= end) || !row->enabled_p)
    return NULL;

  last_y = window_text_bottom_y (w) - dy;

  while (true)
    {
      /* Give up if we have gone too far.  */
      if ((end && row >= end) || !row->enabled_p)
        return NULL;
      /* This formerly returned if they were equal.
         I think that both quantities are of a "last plus one" type;
         if so, when they are equal, the row is within the screen. -- rms.  */
      if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) > last_y)
        return NULL;

      /* If it is in this row, return this row.  */
      if (! (MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) < charpos
             || (MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) == charpos
                 /* The end position of a row equals the start
                    position of the next row.  If CHARPOS is there, we
                    would rather consider it displayed in the next
                    line, except when this line ends in ZV.  */
                 && !row_for_charpos_p (row, charpos)))
          && charpos >= MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row))
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          if (NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_display_reordering))
              || (!best_row && !row->continued_p))
            return row;
          /* In bidi-reordered rows, there could be several rows whose
             edges surround CHARPOS, all of these rows belonging to
             the same continued line.  We need to find the row which
             fits CHARPOS the best.  */
          for (g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
               g < row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA];
               g++)
            {
              if (!STRINGP (g->object))
                {
                  if (g->charpos > 0 && eabs (g->charpos - charpos) < mindif)
                    {
                      mindif = eabs (g->charpos - charpos);
                      best_row = row;
                      /* Exact match always wins.  */
                      if (mindif == 0)
                        return best_row;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
      else if (best_row && !row->continued_p)
        return best_row;
      ++row;
    }
}


/* Try to redisplay window W by reusing its existing display.  W's
   current matrix must be up to date when this function is called,
   i.e., window_end_valid must be true.

   Value is

   >= 1 if successful, i.e. display has been updated
         specifically:
         1 means the changes were in front of a newline that precedes
           the window start, and the whole current matrix was reused
         2 means the changes were after the last position displayed
           in the window, and the whole current matrix was reused
         3 means portions of the current matrix were reused, while
           some of the screen lines were redrawn
   -1   if redisplay with same window start is known not to succeed
   0    if otherwise unsuccessful

   The following steps are performed:

   1. Find the last row in the current matrix of W that is not
   affected by changes at the start of current_buffer.  If no such row
   is found, give up.

   2. Find the first row in W's current matrix that is not affected by
   changes at the end of current_buffer.  Maybe there is no such row.

   3. Display lines beginning with the row + 1 found in step 1 to the
   row found in step 2 or, if step 2 didn't find a row, to the end of
   the window.

   4. If cursor is not known to appear on the window, give up.

   5. If display stopped at the row found in step 2, scroll the
   display and current matrix as needed.

   6. Maybe display some lines at the end of W, if we must.  This can
   happen under various circumstances, like a partially visible line
   becoming fully visible, or because newly displayed lines are displayed
   in smaller font sizes.

   7. Update W's window end information.  */

static int
try_window_id (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct glyph_matrix *current_matrix = w->current_matrix;
  struct glyph_matrix *desired_matrix = w->desired_matrix;
  struct glyph_row *last_unchanged_at_beg_row;
  struct glyph_row *first_unchanged_at_end_row;
  struct glyph_row *row;
  struct glyph_row *bottom_row;
  int bottom_vpos;
  struct it it;
  ptrdiff_t delta = 0, delta_bytes = 0, stop_pos;
  int dvpos, dy;
  struct text_pos start_pos;
  struct run run;
  int first_unchanged_at_end_vpos = 0;
  struct glyph_row *last_text_row, *last_text_row_at_end;
  struct text_pos start;
  ptrdiff_t first_changed_charpos, last_changed_charpos;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  if (inhibit_try_window_id)
    return 0;
#endif

  /* This is handy for debugging.  */
#if false
#define GIVE_UP(X)                                              \
  do {                                                          \
    TRACE ((stderr, "try_window_id give up %d\n", (X)));        \
    return 0;                                                   \
  } while (false)
#else
#define GIVE_UP(X) return 0
#endif

  SET_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (start, w->start);

  /* Don't use this for mini-windows because these can show
     messages and mini-buffers, and we don't handle that here.  */
  if (MINI_WINDOW_P (w))
    GIVE_UP (1);

  /* This flag is used to prevent redisplay optimizations.  */
  if (windows_or_buffers_changed || f->cursor_type_changed)
    GIVE_UP (2);

  /* This function's optimizations cannot be used if overlays have
     changed in the buffer displayed by the window, so give up if they
     have.  */
  if (w->last_overlay_modified != OVERLAY_MODIFF)
    GIVE_UP (200);

  /* Verify that narrowing has not changed.
     Also verify that we were not told to prevent redisplay optimizations.
     It would be nice to further
     reduce the number of cases where this prevents try_window_id.  */
  if (current_buffer->clip_changed
      || current_buffer->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p)
    GIVE_UP (3);

  /* Window must either use window-based redisplay or be full width.  */
  if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
      && (!FRAME_LINE_INS_DEL_OK (f)
          || !WINDOW_FULL_WIDTH_P (w)))
    GIVE_UP (4);

  /* Give up if point is known NOT to appear in W.  */
  if (PT < CHARPOS (start))
    GIVE_UP (5);

  /* Another way to prevent redisplay optimizations.  */
  if (w->last_modified == 0)
    GIVE_UP (6);

  /* Verify that window is not hscrolled.  */
  if (w->hscroll != 0)
    GIVE_UP (7);

  /* Verify that display wasn't paused.  */
  if (!w->window_end_valid)
    GIVE_UP (8);

  /* Likewise if highlighting trailing whitespace.  */
  if (!NILP (Vshow_trailing_whitespace))
    GIVE_UP (11);

  /* Can't use this if overlay arrow position and/or string have
     changed.  */
  if (overlay_arrows_changed_p (false))
    GIVE_UP (12);

  /* When word-wrap is on, adding a space to the first word of a
     wrapped line can change the wrap position, altering the line
     above it.  It might be worthwhile to handle this more
     intelligently, but for now just redisplay from scratch.  */
  if (!NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), word_wrap)))
    GIVE_UP (21);

  /* Under bidi reordering, adding or deleting a character in the
     beginning of a paragraph, before the first strong directional
     character, can change the base direction of the paragraph (unless
     the buffer specifies a fixed paragraph direction), which will
     require redisplaying the whole paragraph.  It might be worthwhile
     to find the paragraph limits and widen the range of redisplayed
     lines to that, but for now just give up this optimization and
     redisplay from scratch.  */
  if (!NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_display_reordering))
      && NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), bidi_paragraph_direction)))
    GIVE_UP (22);

  /* Give up if the buffer has line-spacing set, as Lisp-level changes
     to that variable require thorough redisplay.  */
  if (!NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (w->contents), extra_line_spacing)))
    GIVE_UP (23);

  /* Give up if display-line-numbers is in relative mode, or when the
     current line's number needs to be displayed in a distinct face.  */
  if (EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative)
      || EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual)
      || (!NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers)
          && NILP (Finternal_lisp_face_equal_p (Qline_number,
                                                Qline_number_current_line,
                                                w->frame))))
    GIVE_UP (24);

  /* Make sure beg_unchanged and end_unchanged are up to date.  Do it
     only if buffer has really changed.  The reason is that the gap is
     initially at Z for freshly visited files.  The code below would
     set end_unchanged to 0 in that case.  */
  if (MODIFF > SAVE_MODIFF
      /* This seems to happen sometimes after saving a buffer.  */
      || BEG_UNCHANGED + END_UNCHANGED > Z_BYTE)
    {
      if (GPT - BEG < BEG_UNCHANGED)
        BEG_UNCHANGED = GPT - BEG;
      if (Z - GPT < END_UNCHANGED)
        END_UNCHANGED = Z - GPT;
    }

  /* The position of the first and last character that has been changed.  */
  first_changed_charpos = BEG + BEG_UNCHANGED;
  last_changed_charpos  = Z - END_UNCHANGED;

  /* If window starts after a line end, and the last change is in
     front of that newline, then changes don't affect the display.
     This case happens with stealth-fontification.  Note that although
     the display is unchanged, glyph positions in the matrix have to
     be adjusted, of course.  */
  row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->window_end_vpos);
  if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row)
      && ((last_changed_charpos < CHARPOS (start)
           && CHARPOS (start) == BEGV)
          || (last_changed_charpos < CHARPOS (start) - 1
              && FETCH_BYTE (BYTEPOS (start) - 1) == '\n')))
    {
      ptrdiff_t Z_old, Z_delta, Z_BYTE_old, Z_delta_bytes;
      struct glyph_row *r0;

      /* Compute how many chars/bytes have been added to or removed
         from the buffer.  */
      Z_old = MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) + w->window_end_pos;
      Z_BYTE_old = MATRIX_ROW_END_BYTEPOS (row) + w->window_end_bytepos;
      Z_delta = Z - Z_old;
      Z_delta_bytes = Z_BYTE - Z_BYTE_old;

      /* Give up if PT is not in the window.  Note that it already has
         been checked at the start of try_window_id that PT is not in
         front of the window start.  */
      if (PT >= MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) + Z_delta)
        GIVE_UP (13);

      /* If window start is unchanged, we can reuse the whole matrix
         as is, after adjusting glyph positions.  No need to compute
         the window end again, since its offset from Z hasn't changed.  */
      r0 = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (current_matrix);
      if (CHARPOS (start) == MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (r0) + Z_delta
          && BYTEPOS (start) == MATRIX_ROW_START_BYTEPOS (r0) + Z_delta_bytes
          /* PT must not be in a partially visible line.  */
          && !(PT >= MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) + Z_delta
               && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) > window_text_bottom_y (w)))
        {
          /* Adjust positions in the glyph matrix.  */
          if (Z_delta || Z_delta_bytes)
            {
              struct glyph_row *r1
                = MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (current_matrix, w);
              increment_matrix_positions (w->current_matrix,
                                          MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (r0, current_matrix),
                                          MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (r1, current_matrix),
                                          Z_delta, Z_delta_bytes);
            }

          /* Set the cursor.  */
          row = row_containing_pos (w, PT, r0, NULL, 0);
          if (row)
            set_cursor_from_row (w, row, current_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);
          return 1;
        }
    }

  /* Handle the case that changes are all below what is displayed in
     the window, and that PT is in the window.  This shortcut cannot
     be taken if ZV is visible in the window, and text has been added
     there that is visible in the window.  */
  if (first_changed_charpos >= MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
      /* ZV is not visible in the window, or there are no
         changes at ZV, actually.  */
      && (current_matrix->zv > MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
          || first_changed_charpos == last_changed_charpos))
    {
      struct glyph_row *r0;

      /* Give up if PT is not in the window.  Note that it already has
         been checked at the start of try_window_id that PT is not in
         front of the window start.  */
      if (PT >= MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row))
        GIVE_UP (14);

      /* If window start is unchanged, we can reuse the whole matrix
         as is, without changing glyph positions since no text has
         been added/removed in front of the window end.  */
      r0 = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (current_matrix);
      if (TEXT_POS_EQUAL_P (start, r0->minpos)
          /* PT must not be in a partially visible line.  */
          && !(PT >= MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row)
               && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) > window_text_bottom_y (w)))
        {
          /* We have to compute the window end anew since text
             could have been added/removed after it.  */
          w->window_end_pos = Z - MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row);
          w->window_end_bytepos = Z_BYTE - MATRIX_ROW_END_BYTEPOS (row);

          /* Set the cursor.  */
          row = row_containing_pos (w, PT, r0, NULL, 0);
          if (row)
            set_cursor_from_row (w, row, current_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);
          return 2;
        }
    }

  /* Give up if window start is in the changed area.

     The condition used to read

     (BEG_UNCHANGED + END_UNCHANGED != Z - BEG && ...)

     but why that was tested escapes me at the moment.  */
  if (CHARPOS (start) >= first_changed_charpos
      && CHARPOS (start) <= last_changed_charpos)
    GIVE_UP (15);

  /* Check that window start agrees with the start of the first glyph
     row in its current matrix.  Check this after we know the window
     start is not in changed text, otherwise positions would not be
     comparable.  */
  row = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (current_matrix);
  if (!TEXT_POS_EQUAL_P (start, row->minpos))
    GIVE_UP (16);

  /* Give up if the window ends in strings.  Overlay strings
     at the end are difficult to handle, so don't try.  */
  row = MATRIX_ROW (current_matrix, w->window_end_vpos);
  if (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row) == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row))
    GIVE_UP (20);

  /* Compute the position at which we have to start displaying new
     lines.  Some of the lines at the top of the window might be
     reusable because they are not displaying changed text.  Find the
     last row in W's current matrix not affected by changes at the
     start of current_buffer.  Value is null if changes start in the
     first line of window.  */
  last_unchanged_at_beg_row = find_last_unchanged_at_beg_row (w);
  if (last_unchanged_at_beg_row)
    {
      /* Avoid starting to display in the middle of a character, a TAB
         for instance.  This is easier than to set up the iterator
         exactly, and it's not a frequent case, so the additional
         effort wouldn't really pay off.  */
      while ((MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (last_unchanged_at_beg_row)
              || last_unchanged_at_beg_row->ends_in_newline_from_string_p)
             && last_unchanged_at_beg_row > w->current_matrix->rows)
        --last_unchanged_at_beg_row;

      if (MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (last_unchanged_at_beg_row))
        GIVE_UP (17);

      if (! init_to_row_end (&it, w, last_unchanged_at_beg_row))
        GIVE_UP (18);
      start_pos = it.current.pos;

      /* Start displaying new lines in the desired matrix at the same
         vpos we would use in the current matrix, i.e. below
         last_unchanged_at_beg_row.  */
      it.vpos = 1 + MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (last_unchanged_at_beg_row,
                                     current_matrix);
      it.glyph_row = MATRIX_ROW (desired_matrix, it.vpos);
      it.current_y = MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (last_unchanged_at_beg_row);

      eassert (it.hpos == 0 && it.current_x == 0);
    }
  else
    {
      /* There are no reusable lines at the start of the window.
         Start displaying in the first text line.  */
      start_display (&it, w, start);
      it.vpos = it.first_vpos;
      start_pos = it.current.pos;
    }

  /* Find the first row that is not affected by changes at the end of
     the buffer.  Value will be null if there is no unchanged row, in
     which case we must redisplay to the end of the window.  delta
     will be set to the value by which buffer positions beginning with
     first_unchanged_at_end_row have to be adjusted due to text
     changes.  */
  first_unchanged_at_end_row
    = find_first_unchanged_at_end_row (w, &delta, &delta_bytes);
  IF_DEBUG (debug_delta = delta);
  IF_DEBUG (debug_delta_bytes = delta_bytes);

  /* Set stop_pos to the buffer position up to which we will have to
     display new lines.  If first_unchanged_at_end_row != NULL, this
     is the buffer position of the start of the line displayed in that
     row.  For first_unchanged_at_end_row == NULL, use 0 to indicate
     that we don't stop at a buffer position.  */
  stop_pos = 0;
  if (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
    {
      eassert (last_unchanged_at_beg_row == NULL
               || first_unchanged_at_end_row >= last_unchanged_at_beg_row);

      /* If this is a continuation line, move forward to the next one
         that isn't.  Changes in lines above affect this line.
         Caution: this may move first_unchanged_at_end_row to a row
         not displaying text.  */
      while (MATRIX_ROW_CONTINUATION_LINE_P (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
             && MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
             && (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
                 < it.last_visible_y))
        ++first_unchanged_at_end_row;

      if (!MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
          || (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
              >= it.last_visible_y))
        first_unchanged_at_end_row = NULL;
      else
        {
          stop_pos = (MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
                      + delta);
          first_unchanged_at_end_vpos
            = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (first_unchanged_at_end_row, current_matrix);
          eassert (stop_pos >= Z - END_UNCHANGED);
        }
    }
  else if (last_unchanged_at_beg_row == NULL)
    GIVE_UP (19);


#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG

  /* Either there is no unchanged row at the end, or the one we have
     now displays text.  This is a necessary condition for the window
     end pos calculation at the end of this function.  */
  eassert (first_unchanged_at_end_row == NULL
           || MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (first_unchanged_at_end_row));

  debug_last_unchanged_at_beg_vpos
    = (last_unchanged_at_beg_row
       ? MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (last_unchanged_at_beg_row, current_matrix)
       : -1);
  debug_first_unchanged_at_end_vpos = first_unchanged_at_end_vpos;

#endif /* GLYPH_DEBUG */


  /* Display new lines.  Set last_text_row to the last new line
     displayed which has text on it, i.e. might end up as being the
     line where the window_end_vpos is.  */
  w->cursor.vpos = -1;
  last_text_row = NULL;
  overlay_arrow_seen = false;
  if (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y
      && !f->fonts_changed
      && (first_unchanged_at_end_row == NULL
          || IT_CHARPOS (it) < stop_pos))
    it.glyph_row->reversed_p = false;
  while (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y
         && !f->fonts_changed
         && (first_unchanged_at_end_row == NULL
             || IT_CHARPOS (it) < stop_pos))
    {
      if (display_line (&it, -1))
        last_text_row = it.glyph_row - 1;
    }

  if (f->fonts_changed)
    return -1;

  /* The redisplay iterations in display_line above could have
     triggered font-lock, which could have done something that
     invalidates IT->w window's end-point information, on which we
     rely below.  E.g., one package, which will remain unnamed, used
     to install a font-lock-fontify-region-function that called
     bury-buffer, whose side effect is to switch the buffer displayed
     by IT->w, and that predictably resets IT->w's window_end_valid
     flag, which we already tested at the entry to this function.
     Amply punish such packages/modes by giving up on this
     optimization in those cases.  */
  if (!w->window_end_valid)
    {
      clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
      return -1;
    }

  /* Compute differences in buffer positions, y-positions etc.  for
     lines reused at the bottom of the window.  Compute what we can
     scroll.  */
  if (first_unchanged_at_end_row
      /* No lines reused because we displayed everything up to the
         bottom of the window.  */
      && it.current_y < it.last_visible_y)
    {
      dvpos = (it.vpos
               - MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (first_unchanged_at_end_row,
                                  current_matrix));
      dy = it.current_y - first_unchanged_at_end_row->y;
      run.current_y = first_unchanged_at_end_row->y;
      run.desired_y = run.current_y + dy;
      run.height = it.last_visible_y - max (run.current_y, run.desired_y);
    }
  else
    {
      delta = delta_bytes = dvpos = dy
        = run.current_y = run.desired_y = run.height = 0;
      first_unchanged_at_end_row = NULL;
    }
  IF_DEBUG ((debug_dvpos = dvpos, debug_dy = dy));


  /* Find the cursor if not already found.  We have to decide whether
     PT will appear on this window (it sometimes doesn't, but this is
     not a very frequent case.)  This decision has to be made before
     the current matrix is altered.  A value of cursor.vpos < 0 means
     that PT is either in one of the lines beginning at
     first_unchanged_at_end_row or below the window.  Don't care for
     lines that might be displayed later at the window end; as
     mentioned, this is not a frequent case.  */
  if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
    {
      /* Cursor in unchanged rows at the top?  */
      if (PT < CHARPOS (start_pos)
          && last_unchanged_at_beg_row)
        {
          row = row_containing_pos (w, PT,
                                    MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix),
                                    last_unchanged_at_beg_row + 1, 0);
          if (row)
            set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);
        }

      /* Start from first_unchanged_at_end_row looking for PT.  */
      else if (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
        {
          row = row_containing_pos (w, PT - delta,
                                    first_unchanged_at_end_row, NULL, 0);
          if (row)
            set_cursor_from_row (w, row, w->current_matrix, delta,
                                 delta_bytes, dy, dvpos);
        }

      /* Give up if cursor was not found.  */
      if (w->cursor.vpos < 0)
        {
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          return -1;
        }
    }

  /* Don't let the cursor end in the scroll margins.  */
  {
    int this_scroll_margin = window_scroll_margin (w, MARGIN_IN_PIXELS);
    int cursor_height = MATRIX_ROW (w->desired_matrix, w->cursor.vpos)->height;

    if ((w->cursor.y < this_scroll_margin
         && CHARPOS (start) > BEGV)
        /* Old redisplay didn't take scroll margin into account at the bottom,
           but then global-hl-line-mode doesn't scroll.  KFS 2004-06-14 */
        || (w->cursor.y + (make_cursor_line_fully_visible_p
                           ? cursor_height + this_scroll_margin
                           : 1)) > it.last_visible_y)
      {
        w->cursor.vpos = -1;
        clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
        return -1;
      }
  }

  /* Scroll the display.  Do it before changing the current matrix so
     that xterm.c doesn't get confused about where the cursor glyph is
     found.  */
  if (dy && run.height)
    {
      update_begin (f);

      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
        {
          FRAME_RIF (f)->update_window_begin_hook (w);
          FRAME_RIF (f)->clear_window_mouse_face (w);
          FRAME_RIF (f)->scroll_run_hook (w, &run);
          FRAME_RIF (f)->update_window_end_hook (w, false, false);
        }
      else
        {
          /* Terminal frame.  In this case, dvpos gives the number of
             lines to scroll by; dvpos < 0 means scroll up.  */
          int from_vpos
            = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (first_unchanged_at_end_row, w->current_matrix);
          int from = WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_LINE (w) + from_vpos;
          int end = (WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_LINE (w)
                     + window_wants_header_line (w)
                     + window_internal_height (w));

#if defined (HAVE_GPM) || defined (MSDOS)
          x_clear_window_mouse_face (w);
#endif
          /* Perform the operation on the screen.  */
          if (dvpos > 0)
            {
              /* Scroll last_unchanged_at_beg_row to the end of the
                 window down dvpos lines.  */
              set_terminal_window (f, end);

              /* On dumb terminals delete dvpos lines at the end
                 before inserting dvpos empty lines.  */
              if (!FRAME_SCROLL_REGION_OK (f))
                ins_del_lines (f, end - dvpos, -dvpos);

              /* Insert dvpos empty lines in front of
                 last_unchanged_at_beg_row.  */
              ins_del_lines (f, from, dvpos);
            }
          else if (dvpos < 0)
            {
              /* Scroll up last_unchanged_at_beg_vpos to the end of
                 the window to last_unchanged_at_beg_vpos - |dvpos|.  */
              set_terminal_window (f, end);

              /* Delete dvpos lines in front of
                 last_unchanged_at_beg_vpos.  ins_del_lines will set
                 the cursor to the given vpos and emit |dvpos| delete
                 line sequences.  */
              ins_del_lines (f, from + dvpos, dvpos);

              /* On a dumb terminal insert dvpos empty lines at the
                 end.  */
              if (!FRAME_SCROLL_REGION_OK (f))
                ins_del_lines (f, end + dvpos, -dvpos);
            }

          set_terminal_window (f, 0);
        }

      update_end (f);
    }

  /* Shift reused rows of the current matrix to the right position.
     BOTTOM_ROW is the last + 1 row in the current matrix reserved for
     text.  */
  bottom_row = MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (current_matrix, w);
  bottom_vpos = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (bottom_row, current_matrix);
  if (dvpos < 0)
    {
      rotate_matrix (current_matrix, first_unchanged_at_end_vpos + dvpos,
                     bottom_vpos, dvpos);
      clear_glyph_matrix_rows (current_matrix, bottom_vpos + dvpos,
                               bottom_vpos);
    }
  else if (dvpos > 0)
    {
      rotate_matrix (current_matrix, first_unchanged_at_end_vpos,
                     bottom_vpos, dvpos);
      clear_glyph_matrix_rows (current_matrix, first_unchanged_at_end_vpos,
                               first_unchanged_at_end_vpos + dvpos);
    }

  /* For frame-based redisplay, make sure that current frame and window
     matrix are in sync with respect to glyph memory.  */
  if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
    sync_frame_with_window_matrix_rows (w);

  /* Adjust buffer positions in reused rows.  */
  if (delta || delta_bytes)
    increment_matrix_positions (current_matrix,
                                first_unchanged_at_end_vpos + dvpos,
                                bottom_vpos, delta, delta_bytes);

  /* Adjust Y positions.  */
  if (dy)
    shift_glyph_matrix (w, current_matrix,
                        first_unchanged_at_end_vpos + dvpos,
                        bottom_vpos, dy);

  if (first_unchanged_at_end_row)
    {
      first_unchanged_at_end_row += dvpos;
      if (first_unchanged_at_end_row->y >= it.last_visible_y
          || !MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (first_unchanged_at_end_row))
        first_unchanged_at_end_row = NULL;
    }

  /* If scrolling up, there may be some lines to display at the end of
     the window.  */
  last_text_row_at_end = NULL;
  if (dy < 0)
    {
      /* Scrolling up can leave for example a partially visible line
         at the end of the window to be redisplayed.  */
      /* Set last_row to the glyph row in the current matrix where the
         window end line is found.  It has been moved up or down in
         the matrix by dvpos.  */
      int last_vpos = w->window_end_vpos + dvpos;
      struct glyph_row *last_row = MATRIX_ROW (current_matrix, last_vpos);

      /* If last_row is the window end line, it should display text.  */
      eassert (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (last_row));

      /* If window end line was partially visible before, begin
         displaying at that line.  Otherwise begin displaying with the
         line following it.  */
      if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (last_row) - dy >= it.last_visible_y)
        {
          init_to_row_start (&it, w, last_row);
          it.vpos = last_vpos;
          it.current_y = last_row->y;
        }
      else
        {
          init_to_row_end (&it, w, last_row);
          it.vpos = 1 + last_vpos;
          it.current_y = MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (last_row);
          ++last_row;
        }

      /* We may start in a continuation line.  If so, we have to
         get the right continuation_lines_width and current_x.  */
      it.continuation_lines_width = last_row->continuation_lines_width;
      it.hpos = it.current_x = 0;

      /* Display the rest of the lines at the window end.  */
      it.glyph_row = MATRIX_ROW (desired_matrix, it.vpos);
      while (it.current_y < it.last_visible_y && !f->fonts_changed)
        {
          /* Is it always sure that the display agrees with lines in
             the current matrix?  I don't think so, so we mark rows
             displayed invalid in the current matrix by setting their
             enabled_p flag to false.  */
          SET_MATRIX_ROW_ENABLED_P (w->current_matrix, it.vpos, false);
          if (display_line (&it, w->cursor.vpos))
            last_text_row_at_end = it.glyph_row - 1;
        }
    }

  /* Update window_end_pos and window_end_vpos.  */
  if (first_unchanged_at_end_row && !last_text_row_at_end)
    {
      /* Window end line if one of the preserved rows from the current
         matrix.  Set row to the last row displaying text in current
         matrix starting at first_unchanged_at_end_row, after
         scrolling.  */
      eassert (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (first_unchanged_at_end_row));
      row = find_last_row_displaying_text (w->current_matrix, &it,
                                           first_unchanged_at_end_row);
      eassume (row && MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row));
      adjust_window_ends (w, row, true);
      eassert (w->window_end_bytepos >= 0);
      IF_DEBUG (debug_method_add (w, "A"));
    }
  else if (last_text_row_at_end)
    {
      adjust_window_ends (w, last_text_row_at_end, false);
      eassert (w->window_end_bytepos >= 0);
      IF_DEBUG (debug_method_add (w, "B"));
    }
  else if (last_text_row)
    {
      /* We have displayed either to the end of the window or at the
         end of the window, i.e. the last row with text is to be found
         in the desired matrix.  */
      adjust_window_ends (w, last_text_row, false);
      eassert (w->window_end_bytepos >= 0);
    }
  else if (first_unchanged_at_end_row == NULL
           && last_text_row == NULL
           && last_text_row_at_end == NULL)
    {
      /* Displayed to end of window, but no line containing text was
         displayed.  Lines were deleted at the end of the window.  */
      bool first_vpos = window_wants_header_line (w);
      int vpos = w->window_end_vpos;
      struct glyph_row *current_row = current_matrix->rows + vpos;
      struct glyph_row *desired_row = desired_matrix->rows + vpos;

      for (row = NULL; !row; --vpos, --current_row, --desired_row)
        {
          eassert (first_vpos <= vpos);
          if (desired_row->enabled_p)
            {
              if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (desired_row))
                row = desired_row;
            }
          else if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (current_row))
            row  = current_row;
        }

      w->window_end_vpos = vpos + 1;
      w->window_end_pos = Z - MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row);
      w->window_end_bytepos = Z_BYTE - MATRIX_ROW_END_BYTEPOS (row);
      eassert (w->window_end_bytepos >= 0);
      IF_DEBUG (debug_method_add (w, "C"));
    }
  else
    emacs_abort ();

  IF_DEBUG ((debug_end_pos = w->window_end_pos,
             debug_end_vpos = w->window_end_vpos));

  /* Record that display has not been completed.  */
  w->window_end_valid = false;
  w->desired_matrix->no_scrolling_p = true;
  return 3;

#undef GIVE_UP
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                        More debugging support
 ***********************************************************************/

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG

void dump_glyph_row (struct glyph_row *, int, int) EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
void dump_glyph_matrix (struct glyph_matrix *, int) EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
void dump_glyph (struct glyph_row *, struct glyph *, int) EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;


/* Dump the contents of glyph matrix MATRIX on stderr.

   GLYPHS 0 means don't show glyph contents.
   GLYPHS 1 means show glyphs in short form
   GLYPHS > 1 means show glyphs in long form.  */

void
dump_glyph_matrix (struct glyph_matrix *matrix, int glyphs)
{
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < matrix->nrows; ++i)
    dump_glyph_row (MATRIX_ROW (matrix, i), i, glyphs);
}


/* Dump contents of glyph GLYPH to stderr.  ROW and AREA are
   the glyph row and area where the glyph comes from.  */

void
dump_glyph (struct glyph_row *row, struct glyph *glyph, int area)
{
  if (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
      || glyph->type == GLYPHLESS_GLYPH)
    {
      fprintf (stderr,
               "  %5"pD"d     %c %9"pD"d   %c %3d 0x%06x      %c %4d %1.1d%1.1d\n",
               glyph - row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA],
               (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                ? 'C'
                : 'G'),
               glyph->charpos,
               (BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                ? 'B'
                : (STRINGP (glyph->object)
                   ? 'S'
                   : (NILP (glyph->object)
                      ? '0'
                      : '-'))),
               glyph->pixel_width,
               glyph->u.ch,
               (glyph->u.ch < 0x80 && glyph->u.ch >= ' '
                ? (int) glyph->u.ch
                : '.'),
               glyph->face_id,
               glyph->left_box_line_p,
               glyph->right_box_line_p);
    }
  else if (glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH)
    {
      fprintf (stderr,
               "  %5"pD"d     %c %9"pD"d   %c %3d 0x%06x      %c %4d %1.1d%1.1d\n",
               glyph - row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA],
               'S',
               glyph->charpos,
               (BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                ? 'B'
                : (STRINGP (glyph->object)
                   ? 'S'
                   : (NILP (glyph->object)
                      ? '0'
                      : '-'))),
               glyph->pixel_width,
               0u,
               ' ',
               glyph->face_id,
               glyph->left_box_line_p,
               glyph->right_box_line_p);
    }
  else if (glyph->type == IMAGE_GLYPH)
    {
      fprintf (stderr,
               "  %5"pD"d     %c %9"pD"d   %c %3d 0x%06x      %c %4d %1.1d%1.1d\n",
               glyph - row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA],
               'I',
               glyph->charpos,
               (BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                ? 'B'
                : (STRINGP (glyph->object)
                   ? 'S'
                   : (NILP (glyph->object)
                      ? '0'
                      : '-'))),
               glyph->pixel_width,
               (unsigned int) glyph->u.img_id,
               '.',
               glyph->face_id,
               glyph->left_box_line_p,
               glyph->right_box_line_p);
    }
  else if (glyph->type == COMPOSITE_GLYPH)
    {
      fprintf (stderr,
               "  %5"pD"d     %c %9"pD"d   %c %3d 0x%06x",
               glyph - row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA],
               '+',
               glyph->charpos,
               (BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                ? 'B'
                : (STRINGP (glyph->object)
                   ? 'S'
                   : (NILP (glyph->object)
                      ? '0'
                      : '-'))),
               glyph->pixel_width,
               (unsigned int) glyph->u.cmp.id);
      if (glyph->u.cmp.automatic)
        fprintf (stderr,
                 "[%d-%d]",
                 glyph->slice.cmp.from, glyph->slice.cmp.to);
      fprintf (stderr, " . %4d %1.1d%1.1d\n",
               glyph->face_id,
               glyph->left_box_line_p,
               glyph->right_box_line_p);
    }
  else if (glyph->type == XWIDGET_GLYPH)
    {
#ifndef HAVE_XWIDGETS
      eassume (false);
#else
      fprintf (stderr,
               "  %5d %4c %6d %c %3d 0x%05x %c %4d %1.1d%1.1d\n",
               glyph - row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA],
               'X',
               glyph->charpos,
               (BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                ? 'B'
                : (STRINGP (glyph->object)
                   ? 'S'
                   : '-')),
               glyph->pixel_width,
               glyph->u.xwidget,
               '.',
               glyph->face_id,
               glyph->left_box_line_p,
               glyph->right_box_line_p);
#endif
    }
}


/* Dump the contents of glyph row at VPOS in MATRIX to stderr.
   GLYPHS 0 means don't show glyph contents.
   GLYPHS 1 means show glyphs in short form
   GLYPHS > 1 means show glyphs in long form.  */

void
dump_glyph_row (struct glyph_row *row, int vpos, int glyphs)
{
  if (glyphs != 1)
    {
      fprintf (stderr, "Row     Start       End Used oE><\\CTZFesm     X    Y    W    H    V    A    P\n");
      fprintf (stderr, "==============================================================================\n");

      fprintf (stderr, "%3d %9"pD"d %9"pD"d %4d %1.1d%1.1d%1.1d%1.1d\
%1.1d%1.1d%1.1d%1.1d%1.1d%1.1d%1.1d%1.1d  %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d %4d\n",
               vpos,
               MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row),
               MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row),
               row->used[TEXT_AREA],
               row->contains_overlapping_glyphs_p,
               row->enabled_p,
               row->truncated_on_left_p,
               row->truncated_on_right_p,
               row->continued_p,
               MATRIX_ROW_CONTINUATION_LINE_P (row),
               MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row),
               row->ends_at_zv_p,
               row->fill_line_p,
               row->ends_in_middle_of_char_p,
               row->starts_in_middle_of_char_p,
               row->mouse_face_p,
               row->x,
               row->y,
               row->pixel_width,
               row->height,
               row->visible_height,
               row->ascent,
               row->phys_ascent);
      /* The next 3 lines should align to "Start" in the header.  */
      fprintf (stderr, "    %9"pD"d %9"pD"d\t%5d\n", row->start.overlay_string_index,
               row->end.overlay_string_index,
               row->continuation_lines_width);
      fprintf (stderr, "    %9"pD"d %9"pD"d\n",
               CHARPOS (row->start.string_pos),
               CHARPOS (row->end.string_pos));
      fprintf (stderr, "    %9d %9d\n", row->start.dpvec_index,
               row->end.dpvec_index);
    }

  if (glyphs > 1)
    {
      int area;

      for (area = LEFT_MARGIN_AREA; area < LAST_AREA; ++area)
        {
          struct glyph *glyph = row->glyphs[area];
          struct glyph *glyph_end = glyph + row->used[area];

          /* Glyph for a line end in text.  */
          if (area == TEXT_AREA && glyph == glyph_end && glyph->charpos > 0)
            ++glyph_end;

          if (glyph < glyph_end)
            fprintf (stderr, " Glyph#  Type       Pos   O   W     Code      C Face LR\n");

          for (; glyph < glyph_end; ++glyph)
            dump_glyph (row, glyph, area);
        }
    }
  else if (glyphs == 1)
    {
      int area;
      char s[SHRT_MAX + 4];

      for (area = LEFT_MARGIN_AREA; area < LAST_AREA; ++area)
        {
          int i;

          for (i = 0; i < row->used[area]; ++i)
            {
              struct glyph *glyph = row->glyphs[area] + i;
              if (i == row->used[area] - 1
                  && area == TEXT_AREA
                  && NILP (glyph->object)
                  && glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                  && glyph->u.ch == ' ')
                {
                  strcpy (&s[i], "[\\n]");
                  i += 4;
                }
              else if (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                       && glyph->u.ch < 0x80
                       && glyph->u.ch >= ' ')
                s[i] = glyph->u.ch;
              else
                s[i] = '.';
            }

          s[i] = '\0';
          fprintf (stderr, "%3d: (%d) '%s'\n", vpos, row->enabled_p, s);
        }
    }
}


DEFUN ("dump-glyph-matrix", Fdump_glyph_matrix,
       Sdump_glyph_matrix, 0, 1, "p",
       doc: /* Dump the current matrix of the selected window to stderr.
Shows contents of glyph row structures.  With non-nil
parameter GLYPHS, dump glyphs as well.  If GLYPHS is 1 show
glyphs in short form, otherwise show glyphs in long form.

Interactively, no argument means show glyphs in short form;
with numeric argument, its value is passed as the GLYPHS flag.  */)
  (Lisp_Object glyphs)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (selected_window);
  struct buffer *buffer = XBUFFER (w->contents);

  fprintf (stderr, "PT = %"pD"d, BEGV = %"pD"d. ZV = %"pD"d\n",
           BUF_PT (buffer), BUF_BEGV (buffer), BUF_ZV (buffer));
  fprintf (stderr, "Cursor x = %d, y = %d, hpos = %d, vpos = %d\n",
           w->cursor.x, w->cursor.y, w->cursor.hpos, w->cursor.vpos);
  fprintf (stderr, "=============================================\n");
  dump_glyph_matrix (w->current_matrix,
                     TYPE_RANGED_INTEGERP (int, glyphs) ? XINT (glyphs) : 0);
  return Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("dump-frame-glyph-matrix", Fdump_frame_glyph_matrix,
       Sdump_frame_glyph_matrix, 0, 0, "", doc: /* Dump the current glyph matrix of the selected frame to stderr.
Only text-mode frames have frame glyph matrices.  */)
  (void)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (selected_frame);

  if (f->current_matrix)
    dump_glyph_matrix (f->current_matrix, 1);
  else
    fprintf (stderr, "*** This frame doesn't have a frame glyph matrix ***\n");
  return Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("dump-glyph-row", Fdump_glyph_row, Sdump_glyph_row, 1, 2, "P",
       doc: /* Dump glyph row ROW to stderr.
Interactively, ROW is the prefix numeric argument and defaults to
the row which displays point.
Optional argument GLYPHS 0 means don't dump glyphs.
GLYPHS 1 means dump glyphs in short form.
GLYPHS > 1 or omitted means dump glyphs in long form.  */)
  (Lisp_Object row, Lisp_Object glyphs)
{
  struct glyph_matrix *matrix;
  EMACS_INT vpos;

  if (NILP (row))
    {
      int d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, ypos;
      bool visible_p = pos_visible_p (XWINDOW (selected_window), PT,
                                      &d1, &d2, &d3, &d4, &d5, &ypos);
      if (visible_p)
        vpos = ypos;
      else
        vpos = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER (row);
      vpos = XINT (row);
    }
  matrix = XWINDOW (selected_window)->current_matrix;
  if (vpos >= 0 && vpos < matrix->nrows)
    dump_glyph_row (MATRIX_ROW (matrix, vpos),
                    vpos,
                    TYPE_RANGED_INTEGERP (int, glyphs) ? XINT (glyphs) : 2);
  return Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("dump-tool-bar-row", Fdump_tool_bar_row, Sdump_tool_bar_row, 1, 2, "P",
       doc: /* Dump glyph row ROW of the tool-bar of the current frame to stderr.
Interactively, ROW is the prefix numeric argument and defaults to zero.
GLYPHS 0 means don't dump glyphs.
GLYPHS 1 means dump glyphs in short form.
GLYPHS > 1 or omitted means dump glyphs in long form.

If there's no tool-bar, or if the tool-bar is not drawn by Emacs,
do nothing.  */)
  (Lisp_Object row, Lisp_Object glyphs)
{
#if defined (HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM) && ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)
  struct frame *sf = SELECTED_FRAME ();
  struct glyph_matrix *m = XWINDOW (sf->tool_bar_window)->current_matrix;
  EMACS_INT vpos;

  if (NILP (row))
    vpos = 0;
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER (row);
      vpos = XINT (row);
    }
  if (vpos >= 0 && vpos < m->nrows)
    dump_glyph_row (MATRIX_ROW (m, vpos), vpos,
                    TYPE_RANGED_INTEGERP (int, glyphs) ? XINT (glyphs) : 2);
#endif
  return Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("trace-redisplay", Ftrace_redisplay, Strace_redisplay, 0, 1, "P",
       doc: /* Toggle tracing of redisplay.
With ARG, turn tracing on if and only if ARG is positive.  */)
  (Lisp_Object arg)
{
  if (NILP (arg))
    trace_redisplay_p = !trace_redisplay_p;
  else
    {
      arg = Fprefix_numeric_value (arg);
      trace_redisplay_p = XINT (arg) > 0;
    }

  return Qnil;
}


DEFUN ("trace-to-stderr", Ftrace_to_stderr, Strace_to_stderr, 1, MANY, "",
       doc: /* Like `format', but print result to stderr.
usage: (trace-to-stderr STRING &rest OBJECTS)  */)
  (ptrdiff_t nargs, Lisp_Object *args)
{
  Lisp_Object s = Fformat (nargs, args);
  fwrite (SDATA (s), 1, SBYTES (s), stderr);
  return Qnil;
}

#endif /* GLYPH_DEBUG */


\f
/***********************************************************************
                     Building Desired Matrix Rows
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Return a temporary glyph row holding the glyphs of an overlay arrow.
   Used for non-window-redisplay windows, and for windows w/o left fringe.  */

static struct glyph_row *
get_overlay_arrow_glyph_row (struct window *w, Lisp_Object overlay_arrow_string)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  struct buffer *buffer = XBUFFER (w->contents);
  struct buffer *old = current_buffer;
  const unsigned char *arrow_string = SDATA (overlay_arrow_string);
  ptrdiff_t arrow_len = SCHARS (overlay_arrow_string);
  const unsigned char *arrow_end = arrow_string + arrow_len;
  const unsigned char *p;
  struct it it;
  bool multibyte_p;
  int n_glyphs_before;

  set_buffer_temp (buffer);
  init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, &scratch_glyph_row, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
  scratch_glyph_row.reversed_p = false;
  it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] = 0;
  SET_TEXT_POS (it.position, 0, 0);

  multibyte_p = !NILP (BVAR (buffer, enable_multibyte_characters));
  p = arrow_string;
  while (p < arrow_end)
    {
      Lisp_Object face, ilisp;

      /* Get the next character.  */
      if (multibyte_p)
        it.c = it.char_to_display = string_char_and_length (p, &it.len);
      else
        {
          it.c = it.char_to_display = *p, it.len = 1;
          if (! ASCII_CHAR_P (it.c))
            it.char_to_display = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (it.c);
        }
      p += it.len;

      /* Get its face.  */
      ilisp = make_number (p - arrow_string);
      face = Fget_text_property (ilisp, Qface, overlay_arrow_string);
      it.face_id = compute_char_face (f, it.char_to_display, face);

      /* Compute its width, get its glyphs.  */
      n_glyphs_before = it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
      SET_TEXT_POS (it.position, -1, -1);
      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (&it);

      /* If this character doesn't fit any more in the line, we have
         to remove some glyphs.  */
      if (it.current_x > it.last_visible_x)
        {
          it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] = n_glyphs_before;
          break;
        }
    }

  set_buffer_temp (old);
  return it.glyph_row;
}


/* Insert truncation glyphs at the start of IT->glyph_row.  Which
   glyphs to insert is determined by produce_special_glyphs.  */

static void
insert_left_trunc_glyphs (struct it *it)
{
  struct it truncate_it;
  struct glyph *from, *end, *to, *toend;

  eassert (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
           || (!it->glyph_row->reversed_p
               && WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0)
           || (it->glyph_row->reversed_p
               && WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0));

  /* Get the truncation glyphs.  */
  truncate_it = *it;
  truncate_it.current_x = 0;
  truncate_it.face_id = DEFAULT_FACE_ID;
  truncate_it.glyph_row = &scratch_glyph_row;
  truncate_it.area = TEXT_AREA;
  truncate_it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] = 0;
  CHARPOS (truncate_it.position) = BYTEPOS (truncate_it.position) = -1;
  truncate_it.object = Qnil;
  produce_special_glyphs (&truncate_it, IT_TRUNCATION);

  /* Overwrite glyphs from IT with truncation glyphs.  */
  if (!it->glyph_row->reversed_p)
    {
      short tused = truncate_it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];

      from = truncate_it.glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      end = from + tused;
      to = it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      toend = to + it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
        {
          /* On GUI frames, when variable-size fonts are displayed,
             the truncation glyphs may need more pixels than the row's
             glyphs they overwrite.  We overwrite more glyphs to free
             enough screen real estate, and enlarge the stretch glyph
             on the right (see display_line), if there is one, to
             preserve the screen position of the truncation glyphs on
             the right.  */
          int w = 0;
          struct glyph *g = to;
          short used;

          /* The first glyph could be partially visible, in which case
             it->glyph_row->x will be negative.  But we want the left
             truncation glyphs to be aligned at the left margin of the
             window, so we override the x coordinate at which the row
             will begin.  */
          it->glyph_row->x = 0;
          while (g < toend && w < it->truncation_pixel_width)
            {
              w += g->pixel_width;
              ++g;
            }
          if (g - to - tused > 0)
            {
              memmove (to + tused, g, (toend - g) * sizeof(*g));
              it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] -= g - to - tused;
            }
          used = it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
          if (it->glyph_row->truncated_on_right_p
              && WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0
              && it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][used - 2].type
              == STRETCH_GLYPH)
            {
              int extra = w - it->truncation_pixel_width;

              it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][used - 2].pixel_width += extra;
            }
        }

      while (from < end)
        *to++ = *from++;

      /* There may be padding glyphs left over.  Overwrite them too.  */
      if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
        {
          while (to < toend && CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (*to))
            {
              from = truncate_it.glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
              while (from < end)
                *to++ = *from++;
            }
        }

      if (to > toend)
        it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] = to - it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
    }
  else
    {
      short tused = truncate_it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];

      /* In R2L rows, overwrite the last (rightmost) glyphs, and do
         that back to front.  */
      end = truncate_it.glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      from = end + truncate_it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
      toend = it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      to = toend + it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
        {
          int w = 0;
          struct glyph *g = to;

          while (g >= toend && w < it->truncation_pixel_width)
            {
              w += g->pixel_width;
              --g;
            }
          if (to - g - tused > 0)
            to = g + tused;
          if (it->glyph_row->truncated_on_right_p
              && WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0
              && it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][1].type == STRETCH_GLYPH)
            {
              int extra = w - it->truncation_pixel_width;

              it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][1].pixel_width += extra;
            }
        }

      while (from >= end && to >= toend)
        *to-- = *from--;
      if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
        {
          while (to >= toend && CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (*to))
            {
              from =
                truncate_it.glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                + truncate_it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
              while (from >= end && to >= toend)
                *to-- = *from--;
            }
        }
      if (from >= end)
        {
          /* Need to free some room before prepending additional
             glyphs.  */
          int move_by = from - end + 1;
          struct glyph *g0 = it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *g = g0 + it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

          for ( ; g >= g0; g--)
            g[move_by] = *g;
          while (from >= end)
            *to-- = *from--;
          it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] += move_by;
        }
    }
}

/* Compute the hash code for ROW.  */
unsigned
row_hash (struct glyph_row *row)
{
  int area, k;
  unsigned hashval = 0;

  for (area = LEFT_MARGIN_AREA; area < LAST_AREA; ++area)
    for (k = 0; k < row->used[area]; ++k)
      hashval = ((((hashval << 4) + (hashval >> 24)) & 0x0fffffff)
                  + row->glyphs[area][k].u.val
                  + row->glyphs[area][k].face_id
                  + row->glyphs[area][k].padding_p
                  + (row->glyphs[area][k].type << 2));

  return hashval;
}

/* Compute the pixel height and width of IT->glyph_row.

   Most of the time, ascent and height of a display line will be equal
   to the max_ascent and max_height values of the display iterator
   structure.  This is not the case if

   1. We hit ZV without displaying anything.  In this case, max_ascent
   and max_height will be zero.

   2. We have some glyphs that don't contribute to the line height.
   (The glyph row flag contributes_to_line_height_p is for future
   pixmap extensions).

   The first case is easily covered by using default values because in
   these cases, the line height does not really matter, except that it
   must not be zero.  */

static void
compute_line_metrics (struct it *it)
{
  struct glyph_row *row = it->glyph_row;

  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      int i, min_y, max_y;

      /* The line may consist of one space only, that was added to
         place the cursor on it.  If so, the row's height hasn't been
         computed yet.  */
      if (row->height == 0)
        {
          if (it->max_ascent + it->max_descent == 0)
            it->max_descent = it->max_phys_descent = FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (it->f);
          row->ascent = it->max_ascent;
          row->height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
          row->phys_ascent = it->max_phys_ascent;
          row->phys_height = it->max_phys_ascent + it->max_phys_descent;
          row->extra_line_spacing = it->max_extra_line_spacing;
        }

      /* Compute the width of this line.  */
      row->pixel_width = row->x;
      for (i = 0; i < row->used[TEXT_AREA]; ++i)
        row->pixel_width += row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][i].pixel_width;

      eassert (row->pixel_width >= 0);
      eassert (row->ascent >= 0 && row->height > 0);

      row->overlapping_p = (MATRIX_ROW_OVERLAPS_SUCC_P (row)
                            || MATRIX_ROW_OVERLAPS_PRED_P (row));

      /* If first line's physical ascent is larger than its logical
         ascent, use the physical ascent, and make the row taller.
         This makes accented characters fully visible.  */
      if (row == MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (it->w->desired_matrix)
          && row->phys_ascent > row->ascent)
        {
          row->height += row->phys_ascent - row->ascent;
          row->ascent = row->phys_ascent;
        }

      /* Compute how much of the line is visible.  */
      row->visible_height = row->height;

      min_y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (it->w);
      max_y = WINDOW_BOX_HEIGHT_NO_MODE_LINE (it->w);

      if (row->y < min_y)
        row->visible_height -= min_y - row->y;
      if (row->y + row->height > max_y)
        row->visible_height -= row->y + row->height - max_y;
    }
  else
    {
      row->pixel_width = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
      if (row->continued_p)
        row->pixel_width -= it->continuation_pixel_width;
      else if (row->truncated_on_right_p)
        row->pixel_width -= it->truncation_pixel_width;
      row->ascent = row->phys_ascent = 0;
      row->height = row->phys_height = row->visible_height = 1;
      row->extra_line_spacing = 0;
    }

  /* Compute a hash code for this row.  */
  row->hash = row_hash (row);

  it->max_ascent = it->max_descent = 0;
  it->max_phys_ascent = it->max_phys_descent = 0;
}


/* Append one space to the glyph row of iterator IT if doing a
   window-based redisplay.  The space has the same face as
   IT->face_id.  Value is true if a space was added.

   This function is called to make sure that there is always one glyph
   at the end of a glyph row that the cursor can be set on under
   window-systems.  (If there weren't such a glyph we would not know
   how wide and tall a box cursor should be displayed).

   At the same time this space let's a nicely handle clearing to the
   end of the line if the row ends in italic text.  */

static bool
append_space_for_newline (struct it *it, bool default_face_p)
{
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      int n = it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];

      if (it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + n
          < it->glyph_row->glyphs[1 + TEXT_AREA])
        {
          /* Save some values that must not be changed.
             Must save IT->c and IT->len because otherwise
             ITERATOR_AT_END_P wouldn't work anymore after
             append_space_for_newline has been called.  */
          enum display_element_type saved_what = it->what;
          int saved_c = it->c, saved_len = it->len;
          int saved_char_to_display = it->char_to_display;
          int saved_x = it->current_x;
          int saved_face_id = it->face_id;
          bool saved_box_end = it->end_of_box_run_p;
          struct text_pos saved_pos;
          Lisp_Object saved_object;
          struct face *face;

          saved_object = it->object;
          saved_pos = it->position;

          it->what = IT_CHARACTER;
          memset (&it->position, 0, sizeof it->position);
          it->object = Qnil;
          it->c = it->char_to_display = ' ';
          it->len = 1;

          /* If the default face was remapped, be sure to use the
             remapped face for the appended newline.  */
          if (default_face_p)
            it->face_id = lookup_basic_face (it->f, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
          else if (it->face_before_selective_p)
            it->face_id = it->saved_face_id;
          face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
          it->face_id = FACE_FOR_CHAR (it->f, face, 0, -1, Qnil);
          /* In R2L rows, we will prepend a stretch glyph that will
             have the end_of_box_run_p flag set for it, so there's no
             need for the appended newline glyph to have that flag
             set.  */
          if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p
              /* But if the appended newline glyph goes all the way to
                 the end of the row, there will be no stretch glyph,
                 so leave the box flag set.  */
              && saved_x + FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f) < it->last_visible_x)
            it->end_of_box_run_p = false;

          PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
          /* Make sure this space glyph has the right ascent and
             descent values, or else cursor at end of line will look
             funny, and height of empty lines will be incorrect.  */
          struct glyph *g = it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + n;
          struct font *font = face->font ? face->font : FRAME_FONT (it->f);
          if (n == 0)
            {
              Lisp_Object height, total_height;
              int extra_line_spacing = it->extra_line_spacing;
              int boff = font->baseline_offset;

              if (font->vertical_centering)
                boff = VCENTER_BASELINE_OFFSET (font, it->f) - boff;

              it->object = saved_object; /* get_it_property needs this */
              normal_char_ascent_descent (font, -1, &it->ascent, &it->descent);
              /* Must do a subset of line height processing from
                 x_produce_glyph for newline characters.  */
              height = get_it_property (it, Qline_height);
              if (CONSP (height)
                  && CONSP (XCDR (height))
                  && NILP (XCDR (XCDR (height))))
                {
                  total_height = XCAR (XCDR (height));
                  height = XCAR (height);
                }
              else
                total_height = Qnil;
              height = calc_line_height_property (it, height, font, boff, true);

              if (it->override_ascent >= 0)
                {
                  it->ascent = it->override_ascent;
                  it->descent = it->override_descent;
                  boff = it->override_boff;
                }
              if (EQ (height, Qt))
                extra_line_spacing = 0;
              else
                {
                  Lisp_Object spacing;

                  it->phys_ascent = it->ascent;
                  it->phys_descent = it->descent;
                  if (!NILP (height)
                      && XINT (height) > it->ascent + it->descent)
                    it->ascent = XINT (height) - it->descent;

                  if (!NILP (total_height))
                    spacing = calc_line_height_property (it, total_height, font,
                                                         boff, false);
                  else
                    {
                      spacing = get_it_property (it, Qline_spacing);
                      spacing = calc_line_height_property (it, spacing, font,
                                                           boff, false);
                    }
                  if (INTEGERP (spacing))
                    {
                      extra_line_spacing = XINT (spacing);
                      if (!NILP (total_height))
                        extra_line_spacing -= (it->phys_ascent + it->phys_descent);
                    }
                }
              if (extra_line_spacing > 0)
                {
                  it->descent += extra_line_spacing;
                  if (extra_line_spacing > it->max_extra_line_spacing)
                    it->max_extra_line_spacing = extra_line_spacing;
                }
              it->max_ascent = it->ascent;
              it->max_descent = it->descent;
              /* Make sure compute_line_metrics recomputes the row height.  */
              it->glyph_row->height = 0;
            }

          g->ascent = it->max_ascent;
          g->descent = it->max_descent;
#endif

          it->override_ascent = -1;
          it->constrain_row_ascent_descent_p = false;
          it->current_x = saved_x;
          it->object = saved_object;
          it->position = saved_pos;
          it->what = saved_what;
          it->face_id = saved_face_id;
          it->len = saved_len;
          it->c = saved_c;
          it->char_to_display = saved_char_to_display;
          it->end_of_box_run_p = saved_box_end;
          return true;
        }
    }

  return false;
}


/* Extend the face of the last glyph in the text area of IT->glyph_row
   to the end of the display line.  Called from display_line.  If the
   glyph row is empty, add a space glyph to it so that we know the
   face to draw.  Set the glyph row flag fill_line_p.  If the glyph
   row is R2L, prepend a stretch glyph to cover the empty space to the
   left of the leftmost glyph.  */

static void
extend_face_to_end_of_line (struct it *it)
{
  struct face *face, *default_face;
  struct frame *f = it->f;

  /* If line is already filled, do nothing.  Non window-system frames
     get a grace of one more ``pixel'' because their characters are
     1-``pixel'' wide, so they hit the equality too early.  This grace
     is needed only for R2L rows that are not continued, to produce
     one extra blank where we could display the cursor.  */
  if ((it->current_x >= it->last_visible_x
       + (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
          && it->glyph_row->reversed_p
          && !it->glyph_row->continued_p))
      /* If the window has display margins, we will need to extend
         their face even if the text area is filled.  */
      && !(WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
           || WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0))
    return;

  /* The default face, possibly remapped. */
  default_face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (f,
                                       lookup_basic_face (f, DEFAULT_FACE_ID));

  /* Face extension extends the background and box of IT->face_id
     to the end of the line.  If the background equals the background
     of the frame, we don't have to do anything.  */
  face = FACE_FROM_ID (f, (it->face_before_selective_p
                           ? it->saved_face_id
                           : it->face_id));

  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
      && MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (it->glyph_row)
      && face->box == FACE_NO_BOX
      && face->background == FRAME_BACKGROUND_PIXEL (f)
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      && !face->stipple
#endif
      && !it->glyph_row->reversed_p)
    return;

  /* Set the glyph row flag indicating that the face of the last glyph
     in the text area has to be drawn to the end of the text area.  */
  it->glyph_row->fill_line_p = true;

  /* If current character of IT is not ASCII, make sure we have the
     ASCII face.  This will be automatically undone the next time
     get_next_display_element returns a multibyte character.  Note
     that the character will always be single byte in unibyte
     text.  */
  if (!ASCII_CHAR_P (it->c))
    {
      it->face_id = FACE_FOR_CHAR (f, face, 0, -1, Qnil);
    }

  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
    {
      /* If the row is empty, add a space with the current face of IT,
         so that we know which face to draw.  */
      if (it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] == 0)
        {
          it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][0] = space_glyph;
          it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][0].face_id = face->id;
          it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] = 1;
        }
      /* Mode line and the header line don't have margins, and
         likewise the frame's tool-bar window, if there is any.  */
      if (!(it->glyph_row->mode_line_p
#if defined (HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM) && ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)
            || (WINDOWP (f->tool_bar_window)
                && it->w == XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window))
#endif
            ))
        {
          if (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
              && it->glyph_row->used[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA] == 0)
            {
              it->glyph_row->glyphs[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA][0] = space_glyph;
              it->glyph_row->glyphs[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA][0].face_id =
                default_face->id;
              it->glyph_row->used[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA] = 1;
            }
          if (WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
              && it->glyph_row->used[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA] == 0)
            {
              it->glyph_row->glyphs[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA][0] = space_glyph;
              it->glyph_row->glyphs[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA][0].face_id =
                default_face->id;
              it->glyph_row->used[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA] = 1;
            }
        }
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p)
        {
          /* Prepend a stretch glyph to the row, such that the
             rightmost glyph will be drawn flushed all the way to the
             right margin of the window.  The stretch glyph that will
             occupy the empty space, if any, to the left of the
             glyphs.  */
          struct font *font = face->font ? face->font : FRAME_FONT (f);
          struct glyph *row_start = it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *row_end = row_start + it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *g;
          int row_width, stretch_ascent, stretch_width;
          struct text_pos saved_pos;
          int saved_face_id;
          bool saved_avoid_cursor, saved_box_start;

          for (row_width = 0, g = row_start; g < row_end; g++)
            row_width += g->pixel_width;

          /* FIXME: There are various minor display glitches in R2L
             rows when only one of the fringes is missing.  The
             strange condition below produces the least bad effect.  */
          if ((WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0)
              == (WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0)
              || WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) != 0)
            stretch_width = window_box_width (it->w, TEXT_AREA);
          else
            stretch_width = it->last_visible_x - it->first_visible_x;
          stretch_width -= row_width;

          if (stretch_width > 0)
            {
              stretch_ascent =
                (((it->ascent + it->descent)
                  * FONT_BASE (font)) / FONT_HEIGHT (font));
              saved_pos = it->position;
              memset (&it->position, 0, sizeof it->position);
              saved_avoid_cursor = it->avoid_cursor_p;
              it->avoid_cursor_p = true;
              saved_face_id = it->face_id;
              saved_box_start = it->start_of_box_run_p;
              /* The last row's stretch glyph should get the default
                 face, to avoid painting the rest of the window with
                 the region face, if the region ends at ZV.  */
              if (it->glyph_row->ends_at_zv_p)
                it->face_id = default_face->id;
              else
                it->face_id = face->id;
              it->start_of_box_run_p = false;
              append_stretch_glyph (it, Qnil, stretch_width,
                                    it->ascent + it->descent, stretch_ascent);
              it->position = saved_pos;
              it->avoid_cursor_p = saved_avoid_cursor;
              it->face_id = saved_face_id;
              it->start_of_box_run_p = saved_box_start;
            }
          /* If stretch_width comes out negative, it means that the
             last glyph is only partially visible.  In R2L rows, we
             want the leftmost glyph to be partially visible, so we
             need to give the row the corresponding left offset.  */
          if (stretch_width < 0)
            it->glyph_row->x = stretch_width;
        }
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
    }
  else
    {
      /* Save some values that must not be changed.  */
      int saved_x = it->current_x;
      struct text_pos saved_pos;
      Lisp_Object saved_object;
      enum display_element_type saved_what = it->what;
      int saved_face_id = it->face_id;

      saved_object = it->object;
      saved_pos = it->position;

      it->what = IT_CHARACTER;
      memset (&it->position, 0, sizeof it->position);
      it->object = Qnil;
      it->c = it->char_to_display = ' ';
      it->len = 1;

      if (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
          && (it->glyph_row->used[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA]
              < WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w))
          && !it->glyph_row->mode_line_p
          && default_face->background != FRAME_BACKGROUND_PIXEL (f))
        {
          struct glyph *g = it->glyph_row->glyphs[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA];
          struct glyph *e = g + it->glyph_row->used[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA];

          for (it->current_x = 0; g < e; g++)
            it->current_x += g->pixel_width;

          it->area = LEFT_MARGIN_AREA;
          it->face_id = default_face->id;
          while (it->glyph_row->used[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA]
                 < WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w)
                 && g < it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA])
            {
              PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);
              /* term.c:produce_glyphs advances it->current_x only for
                 TEXT_AREA.  */
              it->current_x += it->pixel_width;
              g++;
            }

          it->current_x = saved_x;
          it->area = TEXT_AREA;
        }

      /* The last row's blank glyphs should get the default face, to
         avoid painting the rest of the window with the region face,
         if the region ends at ZV.  */
      if (it->glyph_row->ends_at_zv_p)
        it->face_id = default_face->id;
      else
        it->face_id = face->id;
      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);

      while (it->current_x <= it->last_visible_x)
        PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);

      if (WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
          && (it->glyph_row->used[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA]
              < WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w))
          && !it->glyph_row->mode_line_p
          && default_face->background != FRAME_BACKGROUND_PIXEL (f))
        {
          struct glyph *g = it->glyph_row->glyphs[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA];
          struct glyph *e = g + it->glyph_row->used[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA];

          for ( ; g < e; g++)
            it->current_x += g->pixel_width;

          it->area = RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA;
          it->face_id = default_face->id;
          while (it->glyph_row->used[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA]
                 < WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w)
                 && g < it->glyph_row->glyphs[LAST_AREA])
            {
              PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);
              it->current_x += it->pixel_width;
              g++;
            }

          it->area = TEXT_AREA;
        }

      /* Don't count these blanks really.  It would let us insert a left
         truncation glyph below and make us set the cursor on them, maybe.  */
      it->current_x = saved_x;
      it->object = saved_object;
      it->position = saved_pos;
      it->what = saved_what;
      it->face_id = saved_face_id;
    }
}


/* Value is true if text starting at CHARPOS in current_buffer is
   trailing whitespace.  */

static bool
trailing_whitespace_p (ptrdiff_t charpos)
{
  ptrdiff_t bytepos = CHAR_TO_BYTE (charpos);
  int c = 0;

  while (bytepos < ZV_BYTE
         && (c = FETCH_CHAR (bytepos),
             c == ' ' || c == '\t'))
    ++bytepos;

  if (bytepos >= ZV_BYTE || c == '\n' || c == '\r')
    {
      if (bytepos != PT_BYTE)
        return true;
    }
  return false;
}


/* Highlight trailing whitespace, if any, in ROW.  */

static void
highlight_trailing_whitespace (struct frame *f, struct glyph_row *row)
{
  int used = row->used[TEXT_AREA];

  if (used)
    {
      struct glyph *start = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      struct glyph *glyph = start + used - 1;

      if (row->reversed_p)
        {
          /* Right-to-left rows need to be processed in the opposite
             direction, so swap the edge pointers. */
          glyph = start;
          start = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + used - 1;
        }

      /* Skip over glyphs inserted to display the cursor at the
         end of a line, for extending the face of the last glyph
         to the end of the line on terminals, and for truncation
         and continuation glyphs.  */
      if (!row->reversed_p)
        {
          while (glyph >= start
                 && glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                 && NILP (glyph->object))
            --glyph;
        }
      else
        {
          while (glyph <= start
                 && glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                 && NILP (glyph->object))
            ++glyph;
        }

      /* If last glyph is a space or stretch, and it's trailing
         whitespace, set the face of all trailing whitespace glyphs in
         IT->glyph_row to `trailing-whitespace'.  */
      if ((row->reversed_p ? glyph <= start : glyph >= start)
          && BUFFERP (glyph->object)
          && (glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH
              || (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                  && glyph->u.ch == ' '))
          && trailing_whitespace_p (glyph->charpos))
        {
          int face_id = lookup_named_face (f, Qtrailing_whitespace, false);
          if (face_id < 0)
            return;

          if (!row->reversed_p)
            {
              while (glyph >= start
                     && BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                     && (glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH
                         || (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                             && glyph->u.ch == ' ')))
                (glyph--)->face_id = face_id;
            }
          else
            {
              while (glyph <= start
                     && BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                     && (glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH
                         || (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                             && glyph->u.ch == ' ')))
                (glyph++)->face_id = face_id;
            }
        }
    }
}


/* Value is true if glyph row ROW should be
   considered to hold the buffer position CHARPOS.  */

static bool
row_for_charpos_p (struct glyph_row *row, ptrdiff_t charpos)
{
  bool result = true;

  if (charpos == CHARPOS (row->end.pos)
      || charpos == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row))
    {
      /* Suppose the row ends on a string.
         Unless the row is continued, that means it ends on a newline
         in the string.  If it's anything other than a display string
         (e.g., a before-string from an overlay), we don't want the
         cursor there.  (This heuristic seems to give the optimal
         behavior for the various types of multi-line strings.)
         One exception: if the string has `cursor' property on one of
         its characters, we _do_ want the cursor there.  */
      if (CHARPOS (row->end.string_pos) >= 0)
        {
          if (row->continued_p)
            result = true;
          else
            {
              /* Check for `display' property.  */
              struct glyph *beg = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
              struct glyph *end = beg + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
              struct glyph *glyph;

              result = false;
              for (glyph = end; glyph >= beg; --glyph)
                if (STRINGP (glyph->object))
                  {
                    Lisp_Object prop
                      = Fget_char_property (make_number (charpos),
                                            Qdisplay, Qnil);
                    result =
                      (!NILP (prop)
                       && display_prop_string_p (prop, glyph->object));
                    /* If there's a `cursor' property on one of the
                       string's characters, this row is a cursor row,
                       even though this is not a display string.  */
                    if (!result)
                      {
                        Lisp_Object s = glyph->object;

                        for ( ; glyph >= beg && EQ (glyph->object, s); --glyph)
                          {
                            ptrdiff_t gpos = glyph->charpos;

                            if (!NILP (Fget_char_property (make_number (gpos),
                                                           Qcursor, s)))
                              {
                                result = true;
                                break;
                              }
                          }
                      }
                    break;
                  }
            }
        }
      else if (MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (row))
        {
          /* If the row ends in middle of a real character,
             and the line is continued, we want the cursor here.
             That's because CHARPOS (ROW->end.pos) would equal
             PT if PT is before the character.  */
          if (!row->ends_in_ellipsis_p)
            result = row->continued_p;
          else
          /* If the row ends in an ellipsis, then
             CHARPOS (ROW->end.pos) will equal point after the
             invisible text.  We want that position to be displayed
             after the ellipsis.  */
            result = false;
        }
      /* If the row ends at ZV, display the cursor at the end of that
         row instead of at the start of the row below.  */
      else
        result = row->ends_at_zv_p;
    }

  return result;
}

/* Value is true if glyph row ROW should be
   used to hold the cursor.  */

static bool
cursor_row_p (struct glyph_row *row)
{
  return row_for_charpos_p (row, PT);
}

\f

/* Push the property PROP so that it will be rendered at the current
   position in IT.  Return true if PROP was successfully pushed, false
   otherwise.  Called from handle_line_prefix to handle the
   `line-prefix' and `wrap-prefix' properties.  */

static bool
push_prefix_prop (struct it *it, Lisp_Object prop)
{
  struct text_pos pos =
    STRINGP (it->string) ? it->current.string_pos : it->current.pos;

  eassert (it->method == GET_FROM_BUFFER
           || it->method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR
           || it->method == GET_FROM_STRING
           || it->method == GET_FROM_IMAGE);

  /* We need to save the current buffer/string position, so it will be
     restored by pop_it, because iterate_out_of_display_property
     depends on that being set correctly, but some situations leave
     it->position not yet set when this function is called.  */
  push_it (it, &pos);

  if (STRINGP (prop))
    {
      if (SCHARS (prop) == 0)
        {
          pop_it (it);
          return false;
        }

      it->string = prop;
      it->string_from_prefix_prop_p = true;
      it->multibyte_p = STRING_MULTIBYTE (it->string);
      it->current.overlay_string_index = -1;
      IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it) = IT_STRING_BYTEPOS (*it) = 0;
      it->end_charpos = it->string_nchars = SCHARS (it->string);
      it->method = GET_FROM_STRING;
      it->stop_charpos = 0;
      it->prev_stop = 0;
      it->base_level_stop = 0;
      it->cmp_it.id = -1;

      /* Force paragraph direction to be that of the parent
         buffer/string.  */
      if (it->bidi_p && it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
        it->paragraph_embedding = it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir;
      else
        it->paragraph_embedding = L2R;

      /* Set up the bidi iterator for this display string.  */
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          it->bidi_it.string.lstring = it->string;
          it->bidi_it.string.s = NULL;
          it->bidi_it.string.schars = it->end_charpos;
          it->bidi_it.string.bufpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
          it->bidi_it.string.from_disp_str = it->string_from_display_prop_p;
          it->bidi_it.string.unibyte = !it->multibyte_p;
          it->bidi_it.w = it->w;
          bidi_init_it (0, 0, FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f), &it->bidi_it);
        }
    }
  else if (CONSP (prop) && EQ (XCAR (prop), Qspace))
    {
      it->method = GET_FROM_STRETCH;
      it->object = prop;
    }
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  else if (IMAGEP (prop))
    {
      it->what = IT_IMAGE;
      it->image_id = lookup_image (it->f, prop);
      it->method = GET_FROM_IMAGE;
    }
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
  else
    {
      pop_it (it);              /* bogus display property, give up */
      return false;
    }

  return true;
}

/* Return the character-property PROP at the current position in IT.  */

static Lisp_Object
get_it_property (struct it *it, Lisp_Object prop)
{
  Lisp_Object position, object = it->object;

  if (STRINGP (object))
    position = make_number (IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it));
  else if (BUFFERP (object))
    {
      position = make_number (IT_CHARPOS (*it));
      object = it->window;
    }
  else
    return Qnil;

  return Fget_char_property (position, prop, object);
}

/* See if there's a line- or wrap-prefix, and if so, push it on IT.  */

static void
handle_line_prefix (struct it *it)
{
  Lisp_Object prefix;

  if (it->continuation_lines_width > 0)
    {
      prefix = get_it_property (it, Qwrap_prefix);
      if (NILP (prefix))
        prefix = Vwrap_prefix;
    }
  else
    {
      prefix = get_it_property (it, Qline_prefix);
      if (NILP (prefix))
        prefix = Vline_prefix;
    }
  if (! NILP (prefix) && push_prefix_prop (it, prefix))
    {
      /* If the prefix is wider than the window, and we try to wrap
         it, it would acquire its own wrap prefix, and so on till the
         iterator stack overflows.  So, don't wrap the prefix.  */
      it->line_wrap = TRUNCATE;
      it->avoid_cursor_p = true;
    }
}

\f

/* Remove N glyphs at the start of a reversed IT->glyph_row.  Called
   only for R2L lines from display_line and display_string, when they
   decide that too many glyphs were produced by PRODUCE_GLYPHS, and
   the line/string needs to be continued on the next glyph row.  */
static void
unproduce_glyphs (struct it *it, int n)
{
  struct glyph *glyph, *end;

  eassert (it->glyph_row);
  eassert (it->glyph_row->reversed_p);
  eassert (it->area == TEXT_AREA);
  eassert (n <= it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA]);

  if (n > it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA])
    n = it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
  glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + n;
  end = it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
  for ( ; glyph < end; glyph++)
    glyph[-n] = *glyph;
}

/* Find the positions in a bidi-reordered ROW to serve as ROW->minpos
   and ROW->maxpos.  */
static void
find_row_edges (struct it *it, struct glyph_row *row,
                ptrdiff_t min_pos, ptrdiff_t min_bpos,
                ptrdiff_t max_pos, ptrdiff_t max_bpos)
{
  /* FIXME: Revisit this when glyph ``spilling'' in continuation
     lines' rows is implemented for bidi-reordered rows.  */

  /* ROW->minpos is the value of min_pos, the minimal buffer position
     we have in ROW, or ROW->start.pos if that is smaller.  */
  if (min_pos <= ZV && min_pos < row->start.pos.charpos)
    SET_TEXT_POS (row->minpos, min_pos, min_bpos);
  else
    /* We didn't find buffer positions smaller than ROW->start, or
       didn't find _any_ valid buffer positions in any of the glyphs,
       so we must trust the iterator's computed positions.  */
      row->minpos = row->start.pos;
  if (max_pos <= 0)
    {
      max_pos = CHARPOS (it->current.pos);
      max_bpos = BYTEPOS (it->current.pos);
    }

  /* Here are the various use-cases for ending the row, and the
     corresponding values for ROW->maxpos:

     Line ends in a newline from buffer       eol_pos + 1
     Line is continued from buffer            max_pos + 1
     Line is truncated on right               it->current.pos
     Line ends in a newline from string       max_pos + 1(*)
      (*) + 1 only when line ends in a forward scan
     Line is continued from string            max_pos
     Line is continued from display vector    max_pos
     Line is entirely from a string           min_pos == max_pos
     Line is entirely from a display vector   min_pos == max_pos
     Line that ends at ZV                     ZV

     If you discover other use-cases, please add them here as
     appropriate.  */
  if (row->ends_at_zv_p)
    row->maxpos = it->current.pos;
  else if (row->used[TEXT_AREA])
    {
      bool seen_this_string = false;
      struct glyph_row *r1 = row - 1;

      /* Did we see the same display string on the previous row?  */
      if (STRINGP (it->object)
          /* this is not the first row */
          && row > it->w->desired_matrix->rows
          /* previous row is not the header line */
          && !r1->mode_line_p
          /* previous row also ends in a newline from a string */
          && r1->ends_in_newline_from_string_p)
        {
          struct glyph *start, *end;

          /* Search for the last glyph of the previous row that came
             from buffer or string.  Depending on whether the row is
             L2R or R2L, we need to process it front to back or the
             other way round.  */
          if (!r1->reversed_p)
            {
              start = r1->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
              end = start + r1->used[TEXT_AREA];
              /* Glyphs inserted by redisplay have nil as their object.  */
              while (end > start
                     && NILP ((end - 1)->object)
                     && (end - 1)->charpos <= 0)
                --end;
              if (end > start)
                {
                  if (EQ ((end - 1)->object, it->object))
                    seen_this_string = true;
                }
              else
                /* If all the glyphs of the previous row were inserted
                   by redisplay, it means the previous row was
                   produced from a single newline, which is only
                   possible if that newline came from the same string
                   as the one which produced this ROW.  */
                seen_this_string = true;
            }
          else
            {
              end = r1->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
              start = end + r1->used[TEXT_AREA];
              while (end < start
                     && NILP ((end + 1)->object)
                     && (end + 1)->charpos <= 0)
                ++end;
              if (end < start)
                {
                  if (EQ ((end + 1)->object, it->object))
                    seen_this_string = true;
                }
              else
                seen_this_string = true;
            }
        }
      /* Take note of each display string that covers a newline only
         once, the first time we see it.  This is for when a display
         string includes more than one newline in it.  */
      if (row->ends_in_newline_from_string_p && !seen_this_string)
        {
          /* If we were scanning the buffer forward when we displayed
             the string, we want to account for at least one buffer
             position that belongs to this row (position covered by
             the display string), so that cursor positioning will
             consider this row as a candidate when point is at the end
             of the visual line represented by this row.  This is not
             required when scanning back, because max_pos will already
             have a much larger value.  */
          if (CHARPOS (row->end.pos) > max_pos)
            INC_BOTH (max_pos, max_bpos);
          SET_TEXT_POS (row->maxpos, max_pos, max_bpos);
        }
      else if (CHARPOS (it->eol_pos) > 0)
        SET_TEXT_POS (row->maxpos,
                      CHARPOS (it->eol_pos) + 1, BYTEPOS (it->eol_pos) + 1);
      else if (row->continued_p)
        {
          /* If max_pos is different from IT's current position, it
             means IT->method does not belong to the display element
             at max_pos.  However, it also means that the display
             element at max_pos was displayed in its entirety on this
             line, which is equivalent to saying that the next line
             starts at the next buffer position.  */
          if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) == max_pos && it->method != GET_FROM_BUFFER)
            SET_TEXT_POS (row->maxpos, max_pos, max_bpos);
          else
            {
              INC_BOTH (max_pos, max_bpos);
              SET_TEXT_POS (row->maxpos, max_pos, max_bpos);
            }
        }
      else if (row->truncated_on_right_p)
        /* display_line already called reseat_at_next_visible_line_start,
           which puts the iterator at the beginning of the next line, in
           the logical order. */
        row->maxpos = it->current.pos;
      else if (max_pos == min_pos && it->method != GET_FROM_BUFFER)
        /* A line that is entirely from a string/image/stretch...  */
        row->maxpos = row->minpos;
      else
        emacs_abort ();
    }
  else
    row->maxpos = it->current.pos;
}

/* Like display_count_lines, but capable of counting outside of the
   current narrowed region.  */
static ptrdiff_t
display_count_lines_logically (ptrdiff_t start_byte, ptrdiff_t limit_byte,
                               ptrdiff_t count, ptrdiff_t *byte_pos_ptr)
{
  if (!display_line_numbers_widen || (BEGV == BEG && ZV == Z))
    return display_count_lines (start_byte, limit_byte, count, byte_pos_ptr);

  ptrdiff_t val;
  ptrdiff_t pdl_count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
  record_unwind_protect (save_restriction_restore, save_restriction_save ());
  Fwiden ();
  val = display_count_lines (start_byte, limit_byte, count, byte_pos_ptr);
  unbind_to (pdl_count, Qnil);
  return val;
}

/* Count the number of screen lines in window IT->w between character
   position IT_CHARPOS(*IT) and the line showing that window's point.  */
static ptrdiff_t
display_count_lines_visually (struct it *it)
{
  struct it tem_it;
  ptrdiff_t to;
  struct text_pos from;

  /* If we already calculated a relative line number, use that.  This
     trick relies on the fact that visual lines (a.k.a. "glyph rows")
     are laid out sequentially, one by one, for each sequence of calls
     to display_line or other similar function that follows a call to
     init_iterator.  */
  if (it->lnum_bytepos > 0)
    return it->lnum + 1;
  else
    {
      ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) <= PT)
        {
          from = it->current.pos;
          to = PT;
        }
      else
        {
          SET_TEXT_POS (from, PT, PT_BYTE);
          to = IT_CHARPOS (*it);
        }
      start_display (&tem_it, it->w, from);
      /* Need to disable visual mode temporarily, since otherwise the
         call to move_it_to will cause infinite recursion.  */
      specbind (Qdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative);
      /* Some redisplay optimizations could invoke us very far from
         PT, which will make the caller painfully slow.  There should
         be no need to go too far beyond the window's bottom, as any
         such optimization will fail to show point anyway.  */
      move_it_to (&tem_it, to, -1,
                  tem_it.last_visible_y
                  + (SCROLL_LIMIT + 10) * FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (tem_it.f),
                  -1, MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_Y);
      unbind_to (count, Qnil);
      return IT_CHARPOS (*it) <= PT ? -tem_it.vpos : tem_it.vpos;
    }
}

/* Produce the line-number glyphs for the current glyph_row.  If
   IT->glyph_row is non-NULL, populate the row with the produced
   glyphs.  */
static void
maybe_produce_line_number (struct it *it)
{
  ptrdiff_t last_line = it->lnum;
  ptrdiff_t start_from, bytepos;
  ptrdiff_t this_line;
  bool first_time = false;
  ptrdiff_t beg_byte = display_line_numbers_widen ? BEG_BYTE : BEGV_BYTE;
  ptrdiff_t z_byte = display_line_numbers_widen ? Z_BYTE : ZV_BYTE;
  void *itdata = bidi_shelve_cache ();

  if (EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual))
    this_line = display_count_lines_visually (it);
  else
    {
      if (!last_line)
        {
          /* If possible, reuse data cached by line-number-mode.  */
          if (it->w->base_line_number > 0
              && it->w->base_line_pos > 0
              && it->w->base_line_pos <= IT_CHARPOS (*it)
              /* line-number-mode always displays narrowed line
                 numbers, so we cannot use its data if the user wants
                 line numbers that disregard narrowing, or if the
                 buffer's narrowing has just changed.  */
              && !(display_line_numbers_widen
                   && (BEG_BYTE != BEGV_BYTE || Z_BYTE != ZV_BYTE))
              && !current_buffer->clip_changed)
            {
              start_from = CHAR_TO_BYTE (it->w->base_line_pos);
              last_line = it->w->base_line_number - 1;
            }
          else
            start_from = beg_byte;
          if (!it->lnum_bytepos)
            first_time = true;
        }
      else
        start_from = it->lnum_bytepos;

      /* Paranoia: what if someone changes the narrowing since the
         last time display_line was called?  Shouldn't really happen,
         but who knows what some crazy Lisp invoked by :eval could do?  */
      if (!(beg_byte <= start_from && start_from <= z_byte))
        {
          last_line = 0;
          start_from = beg_byte;
        }

      this_line =
        last_line + display_count_lines_logically (start_from,
                                                   IT_BYTEPOS (*it),
                                                   IT_CHARPOS (*it), &bytepos);
      eassert (this_line > 0 || (this_line == 0 && start_from == beg_byte));
      eassert (bytepos == IT_BYTEPOS (*it));
    }

  /* Record the line number information.  */
  if (this_line != last_line || !it->lnum_bytepos)
    {
      it->lnum = this_line;
      it->lnum_bytepos = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);
    }

  /* Produce the glyphs for the line number.  */
  struct it tem_it;
  char lnum_buf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (ptrdiff_t) + 1];
  bool beyond_zv = IT_BYTEPOS (*it) >= ZV_BYTE ? true : false;
  ptrdiff_t lnum_offset = -1; /* to produce 1-based line numbers */
  int lnum_face_id = merge_faces (it->f, Qline_number, 0, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
  int current_lnum_face_id
    = merge_faces (it->f, Qline_number_current_line, 0, DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
  /* Compute point's line number if needed.  */
  if ((EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative)
       || EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual)
       || lnum_face_id != current_lnum_face_id)
      && !it->pt_lnum)
    {
      ptrdiff_t ignored;
      if (PT_BYTE > it->lnum_bytepos && !EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual))
        it->pt_lnum =
          this_line + display_count_lines_logically (it->lnum_bytepos, PT_BYTE,
                                                     PT, &ignored);
      else
        it->pt_lnum = display_count_lines_logically (beg_byte, PT_BYTE, PT,
                                                     &ignored);
    }
  /* Compute the required width if needed.  */
  if (!it->lnum_width)
    {
      if (NATNUMP (Vdisplay_line_numbers_width))
        it->lnum_width = XFASTINT (Vdisplay_line_numbers_width);

      /* Max line number to be displayed cannot be more than the one
         corresponding to the last row of the desired matrix.  */
      ptrdiff_t max_lnum;

      if (NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers_current_absolute)
          && (EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative)
              || EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual)))
        /* We subtract one more because the current line is always
           zero in this mode.  */
        max_lnum = it->w->desired_matrix->nrows - 2;
      else if (EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual))
        max_lnum = it->pt_lnum + it->w->desired_matrix->nrows - 1;
      else
        max_lnum = this_line + it->w->desired_matrix->nrows - 1 - it->vpos;
      max_lnum = max (1, max_lnum);
      it->lnum_width = max (it->lnum_width, log10 (max_lnum) + 1);
      eassert (it->lnum_width > 0);
    }
  if (EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative))
    lnum_offset = it->pt_lnum;
  else if (EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual))
    lnum_offset = 0;

  /* Under 'relative', display the absolute line number for the
     current line, unless the user requests otherwise.  */
  ptrdiff_t lnum_to_display = eabs (this_line - lnum_offset);
  if ((EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qrelative)
       || EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual))
      && lnum_to_display == 0
      && !NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers_current_absolute))
    lnum_to_display = it->pt_lnum + 1;
  /* In L2R rows we need to append the blank separator, in R2L
     rows we need to prepend it.  But this function is usually
     called when no display elements were produced from the
     following line, so the paragraph direction might be unknown.
     Therefore we cheat and add 2 blanks, one on either side.  */
  pint2str (lnum_buf, it->lnum_width + 1, lnum_to_display);
  strcat (lnum_buf, " ");

  /* Setup for producing the glyphs.  */
  init_iterator (&tem_it, it->w, -1, -1, &scratch_glyph_row,
                 /* FIXME: Use specialized face.  */
                 DEFAULT_FACE_ID);
  scratch_glyph_row.reversed_p = false;
  scratch_glyph_row.used[TEXT_AREA] = 0;
  SET_TEXT_POS (tem_it.position, 0, 0);
  tem_it.avoid_cursor_p = true;
  tem_it.bidi_p = true;
  tem_it.bidi_it.type = WEAK_EN;
  /* According to UAX#9, EN goes up 2 levels in L2R paragraph and
     1 level in R2L paragraphs.  Emulate that, assuming we are in
     an L2R paragraph.  */
  tem_it.bidi_it.resolved_level = 2;

  /* Produce glyphs for the line number in a scratch glyph_row.  */
  int n_glyphs_before;
  for (const char *p = lnum_buf; *p; p++)
    {
      /* For continuation lines and lines after ZV, instead of a line
         number, produce a blank prefix of the same width.  Use the
         default face for the blank field beyond ZV.  */
      if (beyond_zv)
        tem_it.face_id = it->base_face_id;
      else if (lnum_face_id != current_lnum_face_id
               && (EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual)
                   ? this_line == 0
                   : this_line == it->pt_lnum))
        tem_it.face_id = current_lnum_face_id;
      else
        tem_it.face_id = lnum_face_id;
      if (beyond_zv
          /* Don't display the same line number more than once.  */
          || (!EQ (Vdisplay_line_numbers, Qvisual)
              && (it->continuation_lines_width > 0
                  || (this_line == last_line && !first_time))))
        tem_it.c = tem_it.char_to_display = ' ';
      else
        tem_it.c = tem_it.char_to_display = *p;
      tem_it.len = 1;
      n_glyphs_before = scratch_glyph_row.used[TEXT_AREA];
      /* Make sure these glyphs will have a "position" of -1.  */
      SET_TEXT_POS (tem_it.position, -1, -1);
      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (&tem_it);

      /* Stop producing glyphs if we don't have enough space on
         this line.  FIXME: should we refrain from producing the
         line number at all in that case?  */
      if (tem_it.current_x > tem_it.last_visible_x)
        {
          scratch_glyph_row.used[TEXT_AREA] = n_glyphs_before;
          break;
        }
    }

  /* Record the width in pixels we need for the line number display.  */
  it->lnum_pixel_width = tem_it.current_x;
  /* Copy the produced glyphs into IT's glyph_row.  */
  struct glyph *g = scratch_glyph_row.glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
  struct glyph *e = g + scratch_glyph_row.used[TEXT_AREA];
  struct glyph *p = it->glyph_row ? it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] : NULL;
  short *u = it->glyph_row ? &it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] : NULL;

  eassert (it->glyph_row == NULL || it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] == 0);

  for ( ; g < e; g++)
    {
      it->current_x += g->pixel_width;
      /* The following is important when this function is called
         from move_it_in_display_line_to: HPOS is incremented only
         when we are in the visible portion of the glyph row.  */
      if (it->current_x > it->first_visible_x)
        it->hpos++;
      if (p)
        {
          *p++ = *g;
          (*u)++;
        }
    }

  /* Update IT's metrics due to glyphs produced for line numbers.  */
  if (it->glyph_row)
    {
      struct glyph_row *row = it->glyph_row;

      it->max_ascent = max (row->ascent, tem_it.max_ascent);
      it->max_descent = max (row->height - row->ascent, tem_it.max_descent);
      it->max_phys_ascent = max (row->phys_ascent, tem_it.max_phys_ascent);
      it->max_phys_descent = max (row->phys_height - row->phys_ascent,
                                  tem_it.max_phys_descent);
    }
  else
    {
      it->max_ascent = max (it->max_ascent, tem_it.max_ascent);
      it->max_descent = max (it->max_descent, tem_it.max_descent);
      it->max_phys_ascent = max (it->max_phys_ascent, tem_it.max_phys_ascent);
      it->max_phys_descent = max (it->max_phys_descent, tem_it.max_phys_descent);
    }

  it->line_number_produced_p = true;

  bidi_unshelve_cache (itdata, false);
}

/* Return true if this glyph row needs a line number to be produced
   for it.  */
static bool
should_produce_line_number (struct it *it)
{
  if (NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers))
    return false;

  /* Don't display line numbers in minibuffer windows.  */
  if (MINI_WINDOW_P (it->w))
    return false;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* Don't display line number in tooltip frames.  */
  if (FRAME_TOOLTIP_P (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (it->w))))
    return false;
#endif

  /* If the character at current position has a non-nil special
     property, disable line numbers for this row.  This is for
     packages such as company-mode, which need this for their tricky
     layout, where line numbers get in the way.  */
  Lisp_Object val = Fget_char_property (make_number (IT_CHARPOS (*it)),
                                        Qdisplay_line_numbers_disable,
                                        it->window);
  /* For ZV, we need to also look in empty overlays at that point,
     because get-char-property always returns nil for ZV, except if
     the property is in 'default-text-properties'.  */
  if (NILP (val) && IT_CHARPOS (*it) >= ZV)
    val = disable_line_numbers_overlay_at_eob ();
  return NILP (val) ? true : false;
}

/* Return true if ROW has no glyphs except those inserted by the
   display engine.  This is needed for indicate-empty-lines and
   similar features when the glyph row starts with glyphs which didn't
   come from buffer or string.  */
static bool
row_text_area_empty (struct glyph_row *row)
{
  if (!row->reversed_p)
    {
      for (struct glyph *g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
           g < row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA];
           g++)
        if (!NILP (g->object) || g->charpos > 0)
          return false;
    }
  else
    {
      for (struct glyph *g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
           g > row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
           g--)
        if (!NILP ((g - 1)->object) || (g - 1)->charpos > 0)
          return false;
    }

  return true;
}

/* Construct the glyph row IT->glyph_row in the desired matrix of
   IT->w from text at the current position of IT.  See dispextern.h
   for an overview of struct it.  Value is true if
   IT->glyph_row displays text, as opposed to a line displaying ZV
   only.  CURSOR_VPOS is the window-relative vertical position of
   the glyph row displaying the cursor, or -1 if unknown.  */

static bool
display_line (struct it *it, int cursor_vpos)
{
  struct glyph_row *row = it->glyph_row;
  Lisp_Object overlay_arrow_string;
  struct it wrap_it;
  void *wrap_data = NULL;
  bool may_wrap = false;
  int wrap_x UNINIT;
  int wrap_row_used = -1;
  int wrap_row_ascent UNINIT, wrap_row_height UNINIT;
  int wrap_row_phys_ascent UNINIT, wrap_row_phys_height UNINIT;
  int wrap_row_extra_line_spacing UNINIT;
  ptrdiff_t wrap_row_min_pos UNINIT, wrap_row_min_bpos UNINIT;
  ptrdiff_t wrap_row_max_pos UNINIT, wrap_row_max_bpos UNINIT;
  int cvpos;
  ptrdiff_t min_pos = ZV + 1, max_pos = 0;
  ptrdiff_t min_bpos UNINIT, max_bpos UNINIT;
  bool pending_handle_line_prefix = false;
  int header_line = window_wants_header_line (it->w);
  bool hscroll_this_line = (cursor_vpos >= 0
                            && it->vpos == cursor_vpos - header_line
                            && hscrolling_current_line_p (it->w));
  int first_visible_x = it->first_visible_x;
  int last_visible_x = it->last_visible_x;
  int x_incr = 0;

  /* We always start displaying at hpos zero even if hscrolled.  */
  eassert (it->hpos == 0 && it->current_x == 0);

  if (MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (row, it->w->desired_matrix)
      >= it->w->desired_matrix->nrows)
    {
      it->w->nrows_scale_factor++;
      it->f->fonts_changed = true;
      return false;
    }

  /* Clear the result glyph row and enable it.  */
  prepare_desired_row (it->w, row, false);

  row->y = it->current_y;
  row->start = it->start;
  row->continuation_lines_width = it->continuation_lines_width;
  row->displays_text_p = true;
  row->starts_in_middle_of_char_p = it->starts_in_middle_of_char_p;
  it->starts_in_middle_of_char_p = false;
  it->tab_offset = 0;
  it->line_number_produced_p = false;

  /* Arrange the overlays nicely for our purposes.  Usually, we call
     display_line on only one line at a time, in which case this
     can't really hurt too much, or we call it on lines which appear
     one after another in the buffer, in which case all calls to
     recenter_overlay_lists but the first will be pretty cheap.  */
  recenter_overlay_lists (current_buffer, IT_CHARPOS (*it));

  /* If we are going to display the cursor's line, account for the
     hscroll of that line.  We subtract the window's min_hscroll,
     because that was already accounted for in init_iterator.  */
  if (hscroll_this_line)
    x_incr =
      (window_hscroll_limited (it->w, it->f) - it->w->min_hscroll)
      * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f);

  bool line_number_needed = should_produce_line_number (it);

  /* Move over display elements that are not visible because we are
     hscrolled.  This may stop at an x-position < first_visible_x
     if the first glyph is partially visible or if we hit a line end.  */
  if (it->current_x < it->first_visible_x + x_incr)
    {
      enum move_it_result move_result;

      this_line_min_pos = row->start.pos;
      if (hscroll_this_line)
        {
          it->first_visible_x += x_incr;
          it->last_visible_x  += x_incr;
        }
      move_result = move_it_in_display_line_to (it, ZV, it->first_visible_x,
                                                MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X);
      /* If we are under a large hscroll, move_it_in_display_line_to
         could hit the end of the line without reaching
         first_visible_x.  Pretend that we did reach it.  This is
         especially important on a TTY, where we will call
         extend_face_to_end_of_line, which needs to know how many
         blank glyphs to produce.  */
      if (it->current_x < it->first_visible_x
          && (move_result == MOVE_NEWLINE_OR_CR
              || move_result == MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV))
        it->current_x = it->first_visible_x;

      /* In case move_it_in_display_line_to above "produced" the line
         number.  */
      it->line_number_produced_p = false;

      /* Record the smallest positions seen while we moved over
         display elements that are not visible.  This is needed by
         redisplay_internal for optimizing the case where the cursor
         stays inside the same line.  The rest of this function only
         considers positions that are actually displayed, so
         RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS will not otherwise record positions that
         are hscrolled to the left of the left edge of the window.  */
      min_pos = CHARPOS (this_line_min_pos);
      min_bpos = BYTEPOS (this_line_min_pos);

      /* Produce line number, if needed.  */
      if (line_number_needed)
        maybe_produce_line_number (it);
    }
  else if (it->area == TEXT_AREA)
    {
      /* Line numbers should precede the line-prefix or wrap-prefix.  */
      if (line_number_needed)
        maybe_produce_line_number (it);

      /* We only do this when not calling move_it_in_display_line_to
         above, because that function calls itself handle_line_prefix.  */
      handle_line_prefix (it);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Line-prefix and wrap-prefix are always displayed in the text
         area.  But if this is the first call to display_line after
         init_iterator, the iterator might have been set up to write
         into a marginal area, e.g. if the line begins with some
         display property that writes to the margins.  So we need to
         wait with the call to handle_line_prefix until whatever
         writes to the margin has done its job.  */
      pending_handle_line_prefix = true;
    }

  /* Get the initial row height.  This is either the height of the
     text hscrolled, if there is any, or zero.  */
  row->ascent = it->max_ascent;
  row->height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
  row->phys_ascent = it->max_phys_ascent;
  row->phys_height = it->max_phys_ascent + it->max_phys_descent;
  row->extra_line_spacing = it->max_extra_line_spacing;

/* Utility macro to record max and min buffer positions seen until now.  */
#define RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS(IT)                                  \
  do                                                            \
    {                                                           \
      bool composition_p                                        \
        = !STRINGP ((IT)->string) && ((IT)->what == IT_COMPOSITION); \
      ptrdiff_t current_pos =                                   \
        composition_p ? (IT)->cmp_it.charpos                    \
                      : IT_CHARPOS (*(IT));                     \
      ptrdiff_t current_bpos =                                  \
        composition_p ? CHAR_TO_BYTE (current_pos)              \
                      : IT_BYTEPOS (*(IT));                     \
      if (current_pos < min_pos)                                \
        {                                                       \
          min_pos = current_pos;                                \
          min_bpos = current_bpos;                              \
        }                                                       \
      if (IT_CHARPOS (*it) > max_pos)                           \
        {                                                       \
          max_pos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);                           \
          max_bpos = IT_BYTEPOS (*it);                          \
        }                                                       \
    }                                                           \
  while (false)

  /* Loop generating characters.  The loop is left with IT on the next
     character to display.  */
  while (true)
    {
      int n_glyphs_before, hpos_before, x_before;
      int x, nglyphs;
      int ascent = 0, descent = 0, phys_ascent = 0, phys_descent = 0;

      /* Retrieve the next thing to display.  Value is false if end of
         buffer reached.  */
      if (!get_next_display_element (it))
        {
          bool row_has_glyphs = false;
          /* Maybe add a space at the end of this line that is used to
             display the cursor there under X.  Set the charpos of the
             first glyph of blank lines not corresponding to any text
             to -1.  */
          if (IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it))
            row->exact_window_width_line_p = true;
          else if ((append_space_for_newline (it, true)
                    && row->used[TEXT_AREA] == 1)
                   || row->used[TEXT_AREA] == 0
                   || (row_has_glyphs = row_text_area_empty (row)))
            {
              row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]->charpos = -1;
              /* Don't reset the displays_text_p flag if we are
                 displaying line numbers or line-prefix.  */
              if (!row_has_glyphs)
                row->displays_text_p = false;

              if (!NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (it->w->contents), indicate_empty_lines))
                  && (!MINI_WINDOW_P (it->w)))
                row->indicate_empty_line_p = true;
            }

          it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
          /* Reset those iterator values set from display property
             values.  This is for the case when the display property
             ends at ZV, and is not a replacing property, so pop_it is
             not called.  */
          it->font_height = Qnil;
          it->voffset = 0;
          row->ends_at_zv_p = true;
          /* A row that displays right-to-left text must always have
             its last face extended all the way to the end of line,
             even if this row ends in ZV, because we still write to
             the screen left to right.  We also need to extend the
             last face if the default face is remapped to some
             different face, otherwise the functions that clear
             portions of the screen will clear with the default face's
             background color.  */
          if (row->reversed_p
              || lookup_basic_face (it->f, DEFAULT_FACE_ID) != DEFAULT_FACE_ID)
            extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);
          break;
        }

      /* Now, get the metrics of what we want to display.  This also
         generates glyphs in `row' (which is IT->glyph_row).  */
      n_glyphs_before = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
      x = it->current_x;

      /* Remember the line height so far in case the next element doesn't
         fit on the line.  */
      if (it->line_wrap != TRUNCATE)
        {
          ascent = it->max_ascent;
          descent = it->max_descent;
          phys_ascent = it->max_phys_ascent;
          phys_descent = it->max_phys_descent;

          if (it->line_wrap == WORD_WRAP && it->area == TEXT_AREA)
            {
              if (IT_DISPLAYING_WHITESPACE (it))
                may_wrap = true;
              else if (may_wrap)
                {
                  SAVE_IT (wrap_it, *it, wrap_data);
                  wrap_x = x;
                  wrap_row_used = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
                  wrap_row_ascent = row->ascent;
                  wrap_row_height = row->height;
                  wrap_row_phys_ascent = row->phys_ascent;
                  wrap_row_phys_height = row->phys_height;
                  wrap_row_extra_line_spacing = row->extra_line_spacing;
                  wrap_row_min_pos = min_pos;
                  wrap_row_min_bpos = min_bpos;
                  wrap_row_max_pos = max_pos;
                  wrap_row_max_bpos = max_bpos;
                  may_wrap = false;
                }
            }
        }

      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);

      /* If this display element was in marginal areas, continue with
         the next one.  */
      if (it->area != TEXT_AREA)
        {
          row->ascent = max (row->ascent, it->max_ascent);
          row->height = max (row->height, it->max_ascent + it->max_descent);
          row->phys_ascent = max (row->phys_ascent, it->max_phys_ascent);
          row->phys_height = max (row->phys_height,
                                  it->max_phys_ascent + it->max_phys_descent);
          row->extra_line_spacing = max (row->extra_line_spacing,
                                         it->max_extra_line_spacing);
          set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
          /* If we didn't handle the line/wrap prefix above, and the
             call to set_iterator_to_next just switched to TEXT_AREA,
             process the prefix now.  */
          if (it->area == TEXT_AREA && pending_handle_line_prefix)
            {
              /* Line numbers should precede the line-prefix or wrap-prefix.  */
              if (line_number_needed)
                maybe_produce_line_number (it);

              pending_handle_line_prefix = false;
              handle_line_prefix (it);
            }
          continue;
        }

      /* Does the display element fit on the line?  If we truncate
         lines, we should draw past the right edge of the window.  If
         we don't truncate, we want to stop so that we can display the
         continuation glyph before the right margin.  If lines are
         continued, there are two possible strategies for characters
         resulting in more than 1 glyph (e.g. tabs): Display as many
         glyphs as possible in this line and leave the rest for the
         continuation line, or display the whole element in the next
         line.  Original redisplay did the former, so we do it also.  */
      nglyphs = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - n_glyphs_before;
      hpos_before = it->hpos;
      x_before = x;

      if (/* Not a newline.  */
          nglyphs > 0
          /* Glyphs produced fit entirely in the line.  */
          && it->current_x < it->last_visible_x)
        {
          it->hpos += nglyphs;
          row->ascent = max (row->ascent, it->max_ascent);
          row->height = max (row->height, it->max_ascent + it->max_descent);
          row->phys_ascent = max (row->phys_ascent, it->max_phys_ascent);
          row->phys_height = max (row->phys_height,
                                  it->max_phys_ascent + it->max_phys_descent);
          row->extra_line_spacing = max (row->extra_line_spacing,
                                         it->max_extra_line_spacing);
          if (it->current_x - it->pixel_width < it->first_visible_x
              /* When line numbers are displayed, row->x should not be
                 offset, as the first glyph after the line number can
                 never be partially visible.  */
              && !line_number_needed
              /* In R2L rows, we arrange in extend_face_to_end_of_line
                 to add a right offset to the line, by a suitable
                 change to the stretch glyph that is the leftmost
                 glyph of the line.  */
              && !row->reversed_p)
            row->x = x - it->first_visible_x;
          /* Record the maximum and minimum buffer positions seen so
             far in glyphs that will be displayed by this row.  */
          if (it->bidi_p)
            RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS (it);
        }
      else
        {
          int i, new_x;
          struct glyph *glyph;

          for (i = 0; i < nglyphs; ++i, x = new_x)
            {
              /* Identify the glyphs added by the last call to
                 PRODUCE_GLYPHS.  In R2L rows, they are prepended to
                 the previous glyphs.  */
              if (!row->reversed_p)
                glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + n_glyphs_before + i;
              else
                glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + nglyphs - 1 - i;
              new_x = x + glyph->pixel_width;

              if (/* Lines are continued.  */
                  it->line_wrap != TRUNCATE
                  && (/* Glyph doesn't fit on the line.  */
                      new_x > it->last_visible_x
                      /* Or it fits exactly on a window system frame.  */
                      || (new_x == it->last_visible_x
                          && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
                          && (row->reversed_p
                              ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                              : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)))))
                {
                  /* End of a continued line.  */

                  if (it->hpos == 0
                      || (new_x == it->last_visible_x
                          && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
                          && (row->reversed_p
                              ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                              : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w))))
                    {
                      /* Current glyph is the only one on the line or
                         fits exactly on the line.  We must continue
                         the line because we can't draw the cursor
                         after the glyph.  */
                      row->continued_p = true;
                      it->current_x = new_x;
                      it->continuation_lines_width += new_x;
                      ++it->hpos;
                      if (i == nglyphs - 1)
                        {
                          /* If line-wrap is on, check if a previous
                             wrap point was found.  */
                          if (!IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it)
                              && wrap_row_used > 0
                              /* Even if there is a previous wrap
                                 point, continue the line here as
                                 usual, if (i) the previous character
                                 was a space or tab AND (ii) the
                                 current character is not.  */
                              && (!may_wrap
                                  || IT_DISPLAYING_WHITESPACE (it)))
                            goto back_to_wrap;

                          /* Record the maximum and minimum buffer
                             positions seen so far in glyphs that will be
                             displayed by this row.  */
                          if (it->bidi_p)
                            RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS (it);
                          set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
                          if (IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it))
                            {
                              if (!get_next_display_element (it))
                                {
                                  row->exact_window_width_line_p = true;
                                  it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
                                  it->font_height = Qnil;
                                  it->voffset = 0;
                                  row->continued_p = false;
                                  row->ends_at_zv_p = true;
                                }
                              else if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
                                {
                                  row->continued_p = false;
                                  row->exact_window_width_line_p = true;
                                }
                              /* If line-wrap is on, check if a
                                 previous wrap point was found.  */
                              else if (wrap_row_used > 0
                                       /* Even if there is a previous wrap
                                          point, continue the line here as
                                          usual, if (i) the previous character
                                          was a space or tab AND (ii) the
                                          current character is not.  */
                                       && (!may_wrap
                                           || IT_DISPLAYING_WHITESPACE (it)))
                                goto back_to_wrap;

                            }
                        }
                      else if (it->bidi_p)
                        RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS (it);
                      if (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
                          || WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0)
                        extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);
                    }
                  else if (CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (*glyph)
                           && !FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
                    {
                      /* A padding glyph that doesn't fit on this line.
                         This means the whole character doesn't fit
                         on the line.  */
                      if (row->reversed_p)
                        unproduce_glyphs (it, row->used[TEXT_AREA]
                                               - n_glyphs_before);
                      row->used[TEXT_AREA] = n_glyphs_before;

                      /* Fill the rest of the row with continuation
                         glyphs like in 20.x.  */
                      while (row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA]
                             < row->glyphs[1 + TEXT_AREA])
                        produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_CONTINUATION);

                      row->continued_p = true;
                      it->current_x = x_before;
                      it->continuation_lines_width += x_before;

                      /* Restore the height to what it was before the
                         element not fitting on the line.  */
                      it->max_ascent = ascent;
                      it->max_descent = descent;
                      it->max_phys_ascent = phys_ascent;
                      it->max_phys_descent = phys_descent;
                      if (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
                          || WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0)
                        extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);
                    }
                  else if (wrap_row_used > 0)
                    {
                    back_to_wrap:
                      if (row->reversed_p)
                        unproduce_glyphs (it,
                                          row->used[TEXT_AREA] - wrap_row_used);
                      RESTORE_IT (it, &wrap_it, wrap_data);
                      it->continuation_lines_width += wrap_x;
                      row->used[TEXT_AREA] = wrap_row_used;
                      row->ascent = wrap_row_ascent;
                      row->height = wrap_row_height;
                      row->phys_ascent = wrap_row_phys_ascent;
                      row->phys_height = wrap_row_phys_height;
                      row->extra_line_spacing = wrap_row_extra_line_spacing;
                      min_pos = wrap_row_min_pos;
                      min_bpos = wrap_row_min_bpos;
                      max_pos = wrap_row_max_pos;
                      max_bpos = wrap_row_max_bpos;
                      row->continued_p = true;
                      row->ends_at_zv_p = false;
                      row->exact_window_width_line_p = false;

                      /* Make sure that a non-default face is extended
                         up to the right margin of the window.  */
                      extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);
                    }
                  else if ((it->what == IT_CHARACTER
                            || it->what == IT_STRETCH
                            || it->what == IT_COMPOSITION)
                           && it->c == '\t' && FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
                    {
                      /* A TAB that extends past the right edge of the
                         window.  This produces a single glyph on
                         window system frames.  We leave the glyph in
                         this row and let it fill the row, but don't
                         consume the TAB.  */
                      if ((row->reversed_p
                           ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                           : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)) == 0)
                        produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_CONTINUATION);
                      it->continuation_lines_width += it->last_visible_x;
                      row->ends_in_middle_of_char_p = true;
                      row->continued_p = true;
                      glyph->pixel_width = it->last_visible_x - x;
                      it->starts_in_middle_of_char_p = true;
                      if (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0
                          || WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w) > 0)
                        extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      /* Something other than a TAB that draws past
                         the right edge of the window.  Restore
                         positions to values before the element.  */
                      if (row->reversed_p)
                        unproduce_glyphs (it, row->used[TEXT_AREA]
                                               - (n_glyphs_before + i));
                      row->used[TEXT_AREA] = n_glyphs_before + i;

                      /* Display continuation glyphs.  */
                      it->current_x = x_before;
                      it->continuation_lines_width += x;
                      if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
                          || (row->reversed_p
                              ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                              : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)) == 0)
                        produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_CONTINUATION);
                      row->continued_p = true;

                      extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);

                      if (nglyphs > 1 && i > 0)
                        {
                          row->ends_in_middle_of_char_p = true;
                          it->starts_in_middle_of_char_p = true;
                        }

                      /* Restore the height to what it was before the
                         element not fitting on the line.  */
                      it->max_ascent = ascent;
                      it->max_descent = descent;
                      it->max_phys_ascent = phys_ascent;
                      it->max_phys_descent = phys_descent;
                    }

                  break;
                }
              else if (new_x > it->first_visible_x)
                {
                  /* Increment number of glyphs actually displayed.  */
                  ++it->hpos;

                  /* Record the maximum and minimum buffer positions
                     seen so far in glyphs that will be displayed by
                     this row.  */
                  if (it->bidi_p)
                    RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS (it);

                  if (x < it->first_visible_x && !row->reversed_p
                      && !line_number_needed)
                    /* Glyph is partially visible, i.e. row starts at
                       negative X position.  Don't do that in R2L
                       rows, where we arrange to add a right offset to
                       the line in extend_face_to_end_of_line, by a
                       suitable change to the stretch glyph that is
                       the leftmost glyph of the line.  */
                    row->x = x - it->first_visible_x;
                  /* When the last glyph of an R2L row only fits
                     partially on the line, we need to set row->x to a
                     negative offset, so that the leftmost glyph is
                     the one that is partially visible.  But if we are
                     going to produce the truncation glyph, this will
                     be taken care of in produce_special_glyphs.  */
                  if (row->reversed_p
                      && new_x > it->last_visible_x
                      && !line_number_needed
                      && !(it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE
                           && WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w) == 0))
                    {
                      eassert (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f));
                      row->x = it->last_visible_x - new_x;
                    }
                }
              else
                {
                  /* Glyph is completely off the left margin of the
                     window.  This should not happen because of the
                     move_it_in_display_line at the start of this
                     function, unless the text display area of the
                     window is empty.  */
                  eassert (it->first_visible_x <= it->last_visible_x);
                }
            }
          /* Even if this display element produced no glyphs at all,
             we want to record its position.  */
          if (it->bidi_p && nglyphs == 0)
            RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS (it);

          row->ascent = max (row->ascent, it->max_ascent);
          row->height = max (row->height, it->max_ascent + it->max_descent);
          row->phys_ascent = max (row->phys_ascent, it->max_phys_ascent);
          row->phys_height = max (row->phys_height,
                                  it->max_phys_ascent + it->max_phys_descent);
          row->extra_line_spacing = max (row->extra_line_spacing,
                                         it->max_extra_line_spacing);

          /* End of this display line if row is continued.  */
          if (row->continued_p || row->ends_at_zv_p)
            break;
        }

    at_end_of_line:
      /* Is this a line end?  If yes, we're also done, after making
         sure that a non-default face is extended up to the right
         margin of the window.  */
      if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
        {
          int used_before = row->used[TEXT_AREA];

          row->ends_in_newline_from_string_p = STRINGP (it->object);

          /* Add a space at the end of the line that is used to
             display the cursor there.  */
          if (!IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it))
            append_space_for_newline (it, false);

          /* Extend the face to the end of the line.  */
          extend_face_to_end_of_line (it);

          /* Make sure we have the position.  */
          if (used_before == 0)
            row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]->charpos = CHARPOS (it->position);

          /* Record the position of the newline, for use in
             find_row_edges.  */
          it->eol_pos = it->current.pos;

          /* Consume the line end.  This skips over invisible lines.  */
          set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
          it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
          break;
        }

      /* Detect overly-wide wrap-prefixes made of (space ...) display
         properties.  When such a wrap prefix reaches past the right
         margin of the window, we need to avoid the call to
         set_iterator_to_next below, so that it->line_wrap is left at
         its TRUNCATE value wisely set by handle_line_prefix.
         Otherwise, set_iterator_to_next will pop the iterator stack,
         restore it->line_wrap, and redisplay might infloop.  */
      bool overwide_wrap_prefix =
        CONSP (it->object) && EQ (XCAR (it->object), Qspace)
        && it->sp > 0 && it->method == GET_FROM_STRETCH
        && it->current_x >= it->last_visible_x
        && it->continuation_lines_width > 0
        && it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE && it->stack[0].line_wrap != TRUNCATE;

      /* Proceed with next display element.  Note that this skips
         over lines invisible because of selective display.  */
      if (!overwide_wrap_prefix)
        set_iterator_to_next (it, true);

      /* If we truncate lines, we are done when the last displayed
         glyphs reach past the right margin of the window.  */
      if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE
          && ((FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
               /* Images are preprocessed in produce_image_glyph such
                  that they are cropped at the right edge of the
                  window, so an image glyph will always end exactly at
                  last_visible_x, even if there's no right fringe.  */
               && ((row->reversed_p
                    ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                    : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w))
                   || it->what == IT_IMAGE))
              ? (it->current_x >= it->last_visible_x)
              : (it->current_x > it->last_visible_x)))
        {
          /* Maybe add truncation glyphs.  */
          if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
              || (row->reversed_p
                  ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                  : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)) == 0)
            {
              int i, n;

              if (!row->reversed_p)
                {
                  for (i = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1; i > 0; --i)
                    if (!CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][i]))
                      break;
                }
              else
                {
                  for (i = 0; i < row->used[TEXT_AREA]; i++)
                    if (!CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][i]))
                      break;
                  /* Remove any padding glyphs at the front of ROW, to
                     make room for the truncation glyphs we will be
                     adding below.  The loop below always inserts at
                     least one truncation glyph, so also remove the
                     last glyph added to ROW.  */
                  unproduce_glyphs (it, i + 1);
                  /* Adjust i for the loop below.  */
                  i = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - (i + 1);
                }

              /* produce_special_glyphs overwrites the last glyph, so
                 we don't want that if we want to keep that last
                 glyph, which means it's an image.  */
              if (it->current_x > it->last_visible_x)
                {
                  it->current_x = x_before;
                  if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
                    {
                      for (n = row->used[TEXT_AREA]; i < n; ++i)
                        {
                          row->used[TEXT_AREA] = i;
                          produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_TRUNCATION);
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      row->used[TEXT_AREA] = i;
                      produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_TRUNCATION);
                    }
                  it->hpos = hpos_before;
                }
            }
          else if (IT_OVERFLOW_NEWLINE_INTO_FRINGE (it))
            {
              /* Don't truncate if we can overflow newline into fringe.  */
              if (!get_next_display_element (it))
                {
                  it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
                  it->font_height = Qnil;
                  it->voffset = 0;
                  row->ends_at_zv_p = true;
                  row->exact_window_width_line_p = true;
                  break;
                }
              if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
                {
                  row->exact_window_width_line_p = true;
                  goto at_end_of_line;
                }
              it->current_x = x_before;
              it->hpos = hpos_before;
            }

          row->truncated_on_right_p = true;
          it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
          reseat_at_next_visible_line_start (it, false);
          /* We insist below that IT's position be at ZV because in
             bidi-reordered lines the character at visible line start
             might not be the character that follows the newline in
             the logical order.  */
          if (IT_BYTEPOS (*it) > BEG_BYTE)
            row->ends_at_zv_p =
              IT_BYTEPOS (*it) >= ZV_BYTE && FETCH_BYTE (ZV_BYTE - 1) != '\n';
          else
            row->ends_at_zv_p = false;
          break;
        }
    }

  if (wrap_data)
    bidi_unshelve_cache (wrap_data, true);

  /* If line is not empty and hscrolled, maybe insert truncation glyphs
     at the left window margin.  */
  if (it->first_visible_x
      && IT_CHARPOS (*it) != CHARPOS (row->start.pos))
    {
      if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
          || (((row->reversed_p
                ? WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                : WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)) == 0)
              /* Don't let insert_left_trunc_glyphs overwrite the
                 first glyph of the row if it is an image.  */
              && row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]->type != IMAGE_GLYPH))
        insert_left_trunc_glyphs (it);
      row->truncated_on_left_p = true;
    }

  /* Remember the position at which this line ends.

     BIDI Note: any code that needs MATRIX_ROW_START/END_CHARPOS
     cannot be before the call to find_row_edges below, since that is
     where these positions are determined. */
  row->end = it->current;
  if (!it->bidi_p)
    {
      row->minpos = row->start.pos;
      row->maxpos = row->end.pos;
    }
  else
    {
      /* ROW->minpos and ROW->maxpos must be the smallest and
         `1 + the largest' buffer positions in ROW.  But if ROW was
         bidi-reordered, these two positions can be anywhere in the
         row, so we must determine them now.  */
      find_row_edges (it, row, min_pos, min_bpos, max_pos, max_bpos);
    }

  /* If the start of this line is the overlay arrow-position, then
     mark this glyph row as the one containing the overlay arrow.
     This is clearly a mess with variable size fonts.  It would be
     better to let it be displayed like cursors under X.  */
  if ((MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row) || !overlay_arrow_seen)
      && (overlay_arrow_string = overlay_arrow_at_row (it, row),
          !NILP (overlay_arrow_string)))
    {
      /* Overlay arrow in window redisplay is a fringe bitmap.  */
      if (STRINGP (overlay_arrow_string))
        {
          struct glyph_row *arrow_row
            = get_overlay_arrow_glyph_row (it->w, overlay_arrow_string);
          struct glyph *glyph = arrow_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *arrow_end = glyph + arrow_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *p = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *p2, *end;

          /* Copy the arrow glyphs.  */
          while (glyph < arrow_end)
            *p++ = *glyph++;

          /* Throw away padding glyphs.  */
          p2 = p;
          end = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA];
          while (p2 < end && CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (*p2))
            ++p2;
          if (p2 > p)
            {
              while (p2 < end)
                *p++ = *p2++;
              row->used[TEXT_AREA] = p2 - row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
            }
        }
      else
        {
          eassert (INTEGERP (overlay_arrow_string));
          row->overlay_arrow_bitmap = XINT (overlay_arrow_string);
        }
      overlay_arrow_seen = true;
    }

  /* Highlight trailing whitespace.  */
  if (!NILP (Vshow_trailing_whitespace))
    highlight_trailing_whitespace (it->f, it->glyph_row);

  /* Compute pixel dimensions of this line.  */
  compute_line_metrics (it);

  /* Implementation note: No changes in the glyphs of ROW or in their
     faces can be done past this point, because compute_line_metrics
     computes ROW's hash value and stores it within the glyph_row
     structure.  */

  /* Record whether this row ends inside an ellipsis.  */
  row->ends_in_ellipsis_p
    = (it->method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR
       && it->ellipsis_p);

  /* Save fringe bitmaps in this row.  */
  row->left_user_fringe_bitmap = it->left_user_fringe_bitmap;
  row->left_user_fringe_face_id = it->left_user_fringe_face_id;
  row->right_user_fringe_bitmap = it->right_user_fringe_bitmap;
  row->right_user_fringe_face_id = it->right_user_fringe_face_id;

  it->left_user_fringe_bitmap = 0;
  it->left_user_fringe_face_id = 0;
  it->right_user_fringe_bitmap = 0;
  it->right_user_fringe_face_id = 0;

  /* Maybe set the cursor.  */
  cvpos = it->w->cursor.vpos;
  if ((cvpos < 0
       /* In bidi-reordered rows, keep checking for proper cursor
          position even if one has been found already, because buffer
          positions in such rows change non-linearly with ROW->VPOS,
          when a line is continued.  One exception: when we are at ZV,
          display cursor on the first suitable glyph row, since all
          the empty rows after that also have their position set to ZV.  */
       /* FIXME: Revisit this when glyph ``spilling'' in continuation
          lines' rows is implemented for bidi-reordered rows.  */
       || (it->bidi_p
           && !MATRIX_ROW (it->w->desired_matrix, cvpos)->ends_at_zv_p))
      && PT >= MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row)
      && PT <= MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
      && cursor_row_p (row))
    set_cursor_from_row (it->w, row, it->w->desired_matrix, 0, 0, 0, 0);

  /* Prepare for the next line.  This line starts horizontally at (X
     HPOS) = (0 0).  Vertical positions are incremented.  As a
     convenience for the caller, IT->glyph_row is set to the next
     row to be used.  */
  it->current_x = it->hpos = 0;
  it->current_y += row->height;
  /* Restore the first and last visible X if we adjusted them for
     current-line hscrolling.  */
  if (hscroll_this_line)
    {
      it->first_visible_x = first_visible_x;
      it->last_visible_x  = last_visible_x;
    }
  SET_TEXT_POS (it->eol_pos, 0, 0);
  ++it->vpos;
  ++it->glyph_row;
  /* The next row should by default use the same value of the
     reversed_p flag as this one.  set_iterator_to_next decides when
     it's a new paragraph, and PRODUCE_GLYPHS recomputes the value of
     the flag accordingly.  */
  if (it->glyph_row < MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (it->w->desired_matrix, it->w))
    it->glyph_row->reversed_p = row->reversed_p;
  it->start = row->end;
  return MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row);

#undef RECORD_MAX_MIN_POS
}

DEFUN ("current-bidi-paragraph-direction", Fcurrent_bidi_paragraph_direction,
       Scurrent_bidi_paragraph_direction, 0, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return paragraph direction at point in BUFFER.
Value is either `left-to-right' or `right-to-left'.
If BUFFER is omitted or nil, it defaults to the current buffer.

Paragraph direction determines how the text in the paragraph is displayed.
In left-to-right paragraphs, text begins at the left margin of the window
and the reading direction is generally left to right.  In right-to-left
paragraphs, text begins at the right margin and is read from right to left.

See also `bidi-paragraph-direction'.  */)
  (Lisp_Object buffer)
{
  struct buffer *buf = current_buffer;
  struct buffer *old = buf;

  if (! NILP (buffer))
    {
      CHECK_BUFFER (buffer);
      buf = XBUFFER (buffer);
    }

  if (NILP (BVAR (buf, bidi_display_reordering))
      || NILP (BVAR (buf, enable_multibyte_characters))
      /* When we are loading loadup.el, the character property tables
         needed for bidi iteration are not yet available.  */
      || redisplay__inhibit_bidi)
    return Qleft_to_right;
  else if (!NILP (BVAR (buf, bidi_paragraph_direction)))
    return BVAR (buf, bidi_paragraph_direction);
  else
    {
      /* Determine the direction from buffer text.  We could try to
         use current_matrix if it is up to date, but this seems fast
         enough as it is.  */
      struct bidi_it itb;
      ptrdiff_t pos = BUF_PT (buf);
      ptrdiff_t bytepos = BUF_PT_BYTE (buf);
      int c;
      void *itb_data = bidi_shelve_cache ();

      set_buffer_temp (buf);
      /* bidi_paragraph_init finds the base direction of the paragraph
         by searching forward from paragraph start.  We need the base
         direction of the current or _previous_ paragraph, so we need
         to make sure we are within that paragraph.  To that end, find
         the previous non-empty line.  */
      if (pos >= ZV && pos > BEGV)
        DEC_BOTH (pos, bytepos);
      AUTO_STRING (trailing_white_space, "[\f\t ]*\n");
      if (fast_looking_at (trailing_white_space,
                           pos, bytepos, ZV, ZV_BYTE, Qnil) > 0)
        {
          while ((c = FETCH_BYTE (bytepos)) == '\n'
                 || c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\f')
            {
              if (bytepos <= BEGV_BYTE)
                break;
              bytepos--;
              pos--;
            }
          while (!CHAR_HEAD_P (FETCH_BYTE (bytepos)))
            bytepos--;
        }
      bidi_init_it (pos, bytepos, FRAME_WINDOW_P (SELECTED_FRAME ()), &itb);
      itb.paragraph_dir = NEUTRAL_DIR;
      itb.string.s = NULL;
      itb.string.lstring = Qnil;
      itb.string.bufpos = 0;
      itb.string.from_disp_str = false;
      itb.string.unibyte = false;
      /* We have no window to use here for ignoring window-specific
         overlays.  Using NULL for window pointer will cause
         compute_display_string_pos to use the current buffer.  */
      itb.w = NULL;
      bidi_paragraph_init (NEUTRAL_DIR, &itb, true);
      bidi_unshelve_cache (itb_data, false);
      set_buffer_temp (old);
      switch (itb.paragraph_dir)
        {
        case L2R:
          return Qleft_to_right;
          break;
        case R2L:
          return Qright_to_left;
          break;
        default:
          emacs_abort ();
        }
    }
}

DEFUN ("bidi-find-overridden-directionality",
       Fbidi_find_overridden_directionality,
       Sbidi_find_overridden_directionality, 2, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Return position between FROM and TO where directionality was overridden.

This function returns the first character position in the specified
region of OBJECT where there is a character whose `bidi-class' property
is `L', but which was forced to display as `R' by a directional
override, and likewise with characters whose `bidi-class' is `R'
or `AL' that were forced to display as `L'.

If no such character is found, the function returns nil.

OBJECT is a Lisp string or buffer to search for overridden
directionality, and defaults to the current buffer if nil or omitted.
OBJECT can also be a window, in which case the function will search
the buffer displayed in that window.  Passing the window instead of
a buffer is preferable when the buffer is displayed in some window,
because this function will then be able to correctly account for
window-specific overlays, which can affect the results.

Strong directional characters `L', `R', and `AL' can have their
intrinsic directionality overridden by directional override
control characters RLO (u+202e) and LRO (u+202d).  See the
function `get-char-code-property' for a way to inquire about
the `bidi-class' property of a character.  */)
  (Lisp_Object from, Lisp_Object to, Lisp_Object object)
{
  struct buffer *buf = current_buffer;
  struct buffer *old = buf;
  struct window *w = NULL;
  bool frame_window_p = FRAME_WINDOW_P (SELECTED_FRAME ());
  struct bidi_it itb;
  ptrdiff_t from_pos, to_pos, from_bpos;
  void *itb_data;

  if (!NILP (object))
    {
      if (BUFFERP (object))
        buf = XBUFFER (object);
      else if (WINDOWP (object))
        {
          w = decode_live_window (object);
          buf = XBUFFER (w->contents);
          frame_window_p = FRAME_WINDOW_P (XFRAME (w->frame));
        }
      else
        CHECK_STRING (object);
    }

  if (STRINGP (object))
    {
      /* Characters in unibyte strings are always treated by bidi.c as
         strong LTR.  */
      if (!STRING_MULTIBYTE (object)
          /* When we are loading loadup.el, the character property
             tables needed for bidi iteration are not yet
             available.  */
          || redisplay__inhibit_bidi)
        return Qnil;

      validate_subarray (object, from, to, SCHARS (object), &from_pos, &to_pos);
      if (from_pos >= SCHARS (object))
        return Qnil;

      /* Set up the bidi iterator.  */
      itb_data = bidi_shelve_cache ();
      itb.paragraph_dir = NEUTRAL_DIR;
      itb.string.lstring = object;
      itb.string.s = NULL;
      itb.string.schars = SCHARS (object);
      itb.string.bufpos = 0;
      itb.string.from_disp_str = false;
      itb.string.unibyte = false;
      itb.w = w;
      bidi_init_it (0, 0, frame_window_p, &itb);
    }
  else
    {
      /* Nothing this fancy can happen in unibyte buffers, or in a
         buffer that disabled reordering, or if FROM is at EOB.  */
      if (NILP (BVAR (buf, bidi_display_reordering))
          || NILP (BVAR (buf, enable_multibyte_characters))
          /* When we are loading loadup.el, the character property
             tables needed for bidi iteration are not yet
             available.  */
          || redisplay__inhibit_bidi)
        return Qnil;

      set_buffer_temp (buf);
      validate_region (&from, &to);
      from_pos = XINT (from);
      to_pos = XINT (to);
      if (from_pos >= ZV)
        return Qnil;

      /* Set up the bidi iterator.  */
      itb_data = bidi_shelve_cache ();
      from_bpos = CHAR_TO_BYTE (from_pos);
      if (from_pos == BEGV)
        {
          itb.charpos = BEGV;
          itb.bytepos = BEGV_BYTE;
        }
      else if (FETCH_CHAR (from_bpos - 1) == '\n')
        {
          itb.charpos = from_pos;
          itb.bytepos = from_bpos;
        }
      else
        itb.charpos = find_newline_no_quit (from_pos, CHAR_TO_BYTE (from_pos),
                                            -1, &itb.bytepos);
      itb.paragraph_dir = NEUTRAL_DIR;
      itb.string.s = NULL;
      itb.string.lstring = Qnil;
      itb.string.bufpos = 0;
      itb.string.from_disp_str = false;
      itb.string.unibyte = false;
      itb.w = w;
      bidi_init_it (itb.charpos, itb.bytepos, frame_window_p, &itb);
    }

  ptrdiff_t found;
  do {
    /* For the purposes of this function, the actual base direction of
       the paragraph doesn't matter, so just set it to L2R.  */
    bidi_paragraph_init (L2R, &itb, false);
    while ((found = bidi_find_first_overridden (&itb)) < from_pos)
      ;
  } while (found == ZV && itb.ch == '\n' && itb.charpos < to_pos);

  bidi_unshelve_cache (itb_data, false);
  set_buffer_temp (old);

  return (from_pos <= found && found < to_pos) ? make_number (found) : Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("move-point-visually", Fmove_point_visually,
       Smove_point_visually, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Move point in the visual order in the specified DIRECTION.
DIRECTION can be 1, meaning move to the right, or -1, which moves to the
left.

Value is the new character position of point.  */)
  (Lisp_Object direction)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (selected_window);
  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);
  struct glyph_row *row;
  int dir;
  Lisp_Object paragraph_dir;

#define ROW_GLYPH_NEWLINE_P(ROW,GLYPH)          \
  (!(ROW)->continued_p                          \
   && NILP ((GLYPH)->object)                    \
   && (GLYPH)->type == CHAR_GLYPH               \
   && (GLYPH)->u.ch == ' '                      \
   && (GLYPH)->charpos >= 0                     \
   && !(GLYPH)->avoid_cursor_p)

  CHECK_NUMBER (direction);
  dir = XINT (direction);
  if (dir > 0)
    dir = 1;
  else
    dir = -1;

  /* If current matrix is up-to-date, we can use the information
     recorded in the glyphs, at least as long as the goal is on the
     screen.  */
  if (w->window_end_valid
      && !windows_or_buffers_changed
      && b
      && !b->clip_changed
      && !b->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p
      && !window_outdated (w)
      /* We rely below on the cursor coordinates to be up to date, but
         we cannot trust them if some command moved point since the
         last complete redisplay.  */
      && w->last_point == BUF_PT (b)
      && w->cursor.vpos >= 0
      && w->cursor.vpos < w->current_matrix->nrows
      && (row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->cursor.vpos))->enabled_p)
    {
      struct glyph *g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      struct glyph *e = dir > 0 ? g + row->used[TEXT_AREA] : g - 1;
      struct glyph *gpt = g + w->cursor.hpos;

      for (g = gpt + dir; (dir > 0 ? g < e : g > e); g += dir)
        {
          if (BUFFERP (g->object) && g->charpos != PT)
            {
              SET_PT (g->charpos);
              w->cursor.vpos = -1;
              return make_number (PT);
            }
          else if (!NILP (g->object) && !EQ (g->object, gpt->object))
            {
              ptrdiff_t new_pos;

              if (BUFFERP (gpt->object))
                {
                  new_pos = PT;
                  if ((gpt->resolved_level - row->reversed_p) % 2 == 0)
                    new_pos += (row->reversed_p ? -dir : dir);
                  else
                    new_pos -= (row->reversed_p ? -dir : dir);
                  new_pos = clip_to_bounds (BEGV, new_pos, ZV);
                  /* If we didn't move, we've hit BEGV or ZV, so we
                     need to signal a suitable error.  */
                  if (new_pos == PT)
                    break;
                }
              else if (BUFFERP (g->object))
                new_pos = g->charpos;
              else
                break;
              SET_PT (new_pos);
              w->cursor.vpos = -1;
              return make_number (PT);
            }
          else if (ROW_GLYPH_NEWLINE_P (row, g))
            {
              /* Glyphs inserted at the end of a non-empty line for
                 positioning the cursor have zero charpos, so we must
                 deduce the value of point by other means.  */
              if (g->charpos > 0)
                SET_PT (g->charpos);
              else if (row->ends_at_zv_p && PT != ZV)
                SET_PT (ZV);
              else if (PT != MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) - 1)
                SET_PT (MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) - 1);
              else
                break;
              w->cursor.vpos = -1;
              return make_number (PT);
            }
        }
      if (g == e || NILP (g->object))
        {
          if (row->truncated_on_left_p || row->truncated_on_right_p)
            goto simulate_display;
          if (!row->reversed_p)
            row += dir;
          else
            row -= dir;
          if (!(MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix) <= row
                && row < MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix, w)))
            goto simulate_display;

          if (dir > 0)
            {
              if (row->reversed_p && !row->continued_p)
                {
                  SET_PT (MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) - 1);
                  w->cursor.vpos = -1;
                  return make_number (PT);
                }
              g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
              e = g + row->used[TEXT_AREA];
              for ( ; g < e; g++)
                {
                  if (BUFFERP (g->object)
                      /* Empty lines have only one glyph, which stands
                         for the newline, and whose charpos is the
                         buffer position of the newline.  */
                      || ROW_GLYPH_NEWLINE_P (row, g)
                      /* When the buffer ends in a newline, the line at
                         EOB also has one glyph, but its charpos is -1.  */
                      || (row->ends_at_zv_p
                          && !row->reversed_p
                          && NILP (g->object)
                          && g->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                          && g->u.ch == ' '))
                    {
                      if (g->charpos > 0)
                        SET_PT (g->charpos);
                      else if (!row->reversed_p
                               && row->ends_at_zv_p
                               && PT != ZV)
                        SET_PT (ZV);
                      else
                        continue;
                      w->cursor.vpos = -1;
                      return make_number (PT);
                    }
                }
            }
          else
            {
              if (!row->reversed_p && !row->continued_p)
                {
                  SET_PT (MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row) - 1);
                  w->cursor.vpos = -1;
                  return make_number (PT);
                }
              e = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
              g = e + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
              for ( ; g >= e; g--)
                {
                  if (BUFFERP (g->object)
                      || (ROW_GLYPH_NEWLINE_P (row, g)
                          && g->charpos > 0)
                      /* Empty R2L lines on GUI frames have the buffer
                         position of the newline stored in the stretch
                         glyph.  */
                      || g->type == STRETCH_GLYPH
                      || (row->ends_at_zv_p
                          && row->reversed_p
                          && NILP (g->object)
                          && g->type == CHAR_GLYPH
                          && g->u.ch == ' '))
                    {
                      if (g->charpos > 0)
                        SET_PT (g->charpos);
                      else if (row->reversed_p
                               && row->ends_at_zv_p
                               && PT != ZV)
                        SET_PT (ZV);
                      else
                        continue;
                      w->cursor.vpos = -1;
                      return make_number (PT);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

 simulate_display:

  /* If we wind up here, we failed to move by using the glyphs, so we
     need to simulate display instead.  */

  if (b)
    paragraph_dir = Fcurrent_bidi_paragraph_direction (w->contents);
  else
    paragraph_dir = Qleft_to_right;
  if (EQ (paragraph_dir, Qright_to_left))
    dir = -dir;
  if (PT <= BEGV && dir < 0)
    xsignal0 (Qbeginning_of_buffer);
  else if (PT >= ZV && dir > 0)
    xsignal0 (Qend_of_buffer);
  else
    {
      struct text_pos pt;
      struct it it;
      int pt_x, target_x, pixel_width, pt_vpos;
      bool at_eol_p;
      bool overshoot_expected = false;
      bool target_is_eol_p = false;

      /* Setup the arena.  */
      SET_TEXT_POS (pt, PT, PT_BYTE);
      start_display (&it, w, pt);
      /* When lines are truncated, we could be called with point
         outside of the windows edges, in which case move_it_*
         functions either prematurely stop at window's edge or jump to
         the next screen line, whereas we rely below on our ability to
         reach point, in order to start from its X coordinate.  So we
         need to disregard the window's horizontal extent in that case.  */
      if (it.line_wrap == TRUNCATE)
        it.last_visible_x = DISP_INFINITY;

      if (it.cmp_it.id < 0
          && it.method == GET_FROM_STRING
          && it.area == TEXT_AREA
          && it.string_from_display_prop_p
          && (it.sp > 0 && it.stack[it.sp - 1].method == GET_FROM_BUFFER))
        overshoot_expected = true;

      /* Find the X coordinate of point.  We start from the beginning
         of this or previous line to make sure we are before point in
         the logical order (since the move_it_* functions can only
         move forward).  */
    reseat:
      reseat_at_previous_visible_line_start (&it);
      it.current_x = it.hpos = it.current_y = it.vpos = 0;
      if (IT_CHARPOS (it) != PT)
        {
          move_it_to (&it, overshoot_expected ? PT - 1 : PT,
                      -1, -1, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
          /* If we missed point because the character there is
             displayed out of a display vector that has more than one
             glyph, retry expecting overshoot.  */
          if (it.method == GET_FROM_DISPLAY_VECTOR
              && it.current.dpvec_index > 0
              && !overshoot_expected)
            {
              overshoot_expected = true;
              goto reseat;
            }
          else if (IT_CHARPOS (it) != PT && !overshoot_expected)
            move_it_in_display_line (&it, PT, -1, MOVE_TO_POS);
        }
      pt_x = it.current_x;
      pt_vpos = it.vpos;
      if (dir > 0 || overshoot_expected)
        {
          struct glyph_row *row = it.glyph_row;

          /* When point is at beginning of line, we don't have
             information about the glyph there loaded into struct
             it.  Calling get_next_display_element fixes that.  */
          if (pt_x == 0)
            get_next_display_element (&it);
          at_eol_p = ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (&it);
          it.glyph_row = NULL;
          PRODUCE_GLYPHS (&it); /* compute it.pixel_width */
          it.glyph_row = row;
          /* PRODUCE_GLYPHS advances it.current_x, so we must restore
             it, lest it will become out of sync with it's buffer
             position.  */
          it.current_x = pt_x;
        }
      else
        at_eol_p = ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (&it);
      pixel_width = it.pixel_width;
      if (overshoot_expected && at_eol_p)
        pixel_width = 0;
      else if (pixel_width <= 0)
        pixel_width = 1;

      /* If there's a display string (or something similar) at point,
         we are actually at the glyph to the left of point, so we need
         to correct the X coordinate.  */
      if (overshoot_expected)
        {
          if (it.bidi_p)
            pt_x += pixel_width * it.bidi_it.scan_dir;
          else
            pt_x += pixel_width;
        }

      /* Compute target X coordinate, either to the left or to the
         right of point.  On TTY frames, all characters have the same
         pixel width of 1, so we can use that.  On GUI frames we don't
         have an easy way of getting at the pixel width of the
         character to the left of point, so we use a different method
         of getting to that place.  */
      if (dir > 0)
        target_x = pt_x + pixel_width;
      else
        target_x = pt_x - (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it.f)) * pixel_width;

      /* Target X coordinate could be one line above or below the line
         of point, in which case we need to adjust the target X
         coordinate.  Also, if moving to the left, we need to begin at
         the left edge of the point's screen line.  */
      if (dir < 0)
        {
          if (pt_x > 0)
            {
              start_display (&it, w, pt);
              if (it.line_wrap == TRUNCATE)
                it.last_visible_x = DISP_INFINITY;
              reseat_at_previous_visible_line_start (&it);
              it.current_x = it.current_y = it.hpos = 0;
              if (pt_vpos != 0)
                move_it_by_lines (&it, pt_vpos);
            }
          else
            {
              move_it_by_lines (&it, -1);
              target_x = it.last_visible_x - !FRAME_WINDOW_P (it.f);
              target_is_eol_p = true;
              /* Under word-wrap, we don't know the x coordinate of
                 the last character displayed on the previous line,
                 which immediately precedes the wrap point.  To find
                 out its x coordinate, we try moving to the right
                 margin of the window, which will stop at the wrap
                 point, and then reset target_x to point at the
                 character that precedes the wrap point.  This is not
                 needed on GUI frames, because (see below) there we
                 move from the left margin one grapheme cluster at a
                 time, and stop when we hit the wrap point.  */
              if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it.f) && it.line_wrap == WORD_WRAP)
                {
                  void *it_data = NULL;
                  struct it it2;

                  SAVE_IT (it2, it, it_data);
                  move_it_in_display_line_to (&it, ZV, target_x,
                                              MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X);
                  /* If we arrived at target_x, that _is_ the last
                     character on the previous line.  */
                  if (it.current_x != target_x)
                    target_x = it.current_x - 1;
                  RESTORE_IT (&it, &it2, it_data);
                }
            }
        }
      else
        {
          if (at_eol_p
              || (target_x >= it.last_visible_x
                  && it.line_wrap != TRUNCATE))
            {
              if (pt_x > 0)
                move_it_by_lines (&it, 0);
              move_it_by_lines (&it, 1);
              target_x = 0;
            }
        }

      /* Move to the target X coordinate.  */
      /* On GUI frames, as we don't know the X coordinate of the
         character to the left of point, moving point to the left
         requires walking, one grapheme cluster at a time, until we
         find ourself at a place immediately to the left of the
         character at point.  */
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it.f) && dir < 0)
        {
          struct text_pos new_pos;
          enum move_it_result rc = MOVE_X_REACHED;

          if (it.current_x == 0)
            get_next_display_element (&it);
          if (it.what == IT_COMPOSITION)
            {
              new_pos.charpos = it.cmp_it.charpos;
              new_pos.bytepos = -1;
            }
          else
            new_pos = it.current.pos;

          while (it.current_x + it.pixel_width <= target_x
                 && (rc == MOVE_X_REACHED
                     /* Under word-wrap, move_it_in_display_line_to
                        stops at correct coordinates, but sometimes
                        returns MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV.  */
                     || (it.line_wrap == WORD_WRAP
                         && rc == MOVE_POS_MATCH_OR_ZV)))
            {
              int new_x = it.current_x + it.pixel_width;

              /* For composed characters, we want the position of the
                 first character in the grapheme cluster (usually, the
                 composition's base character), whereas it.current
                 might give us the position of the _last_ one, e.g. if
                 the composition is rendered in reverse due to bidi
                 reordering.  */
              if (it.what == IT_COMPOSITION)
                {
                  new_pos.charpos = it.cmp_it.charpos;
                  new_pos.bytepos = -1;
                }
              else
                new_pos = it.current.pos;
              if (new_x == it.current_x)
                new_x++;
              rc = move_it_in_display_line_to (&it, ZV, new_x,
                                               MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X);
              if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (&it) && !target_is_eol_p)
                break;
            }
          /* The previous position we saw in the loop is the one we
             want.  */
          if (new_pos.bytepos == -1)
            new_pos.bytepos = CHAR_TO_BYTE (new_pos.charpos);
          it.current.pos = new_pos;
        }
      else if (it.current_x != target_x)
        move_it_in_display_line_to (&it, ZV, target_x, MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X);

      /* If we ended up in a display string that covers point, move to
         buffer position to the right in the visual order.  */
      if (dir > 0)
        {
          while (IT_CHARPOS (it) == PT)
            {
              set_iterator_to_next (&it, false);
              if (!get_next_display_element (&it))
                break;
            }
        }

      /* Move point to that position.  */
      SET_PT_BOTH (IT_CHARPOS (it), IT_BYTEPOS (it));
    }

  return make_number (PT);

#undef ROW_GLYPH_NEWLINE_P
}

DEFUN ("bidi-resolved-levels", Fbidi_resolved_levels,
       Sbidi_resolved_levels, 0, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Return the resolved bidirectional levels of characters at VPOS.

The resolved levels are produced by the Emacs bidi reordering engine
that implements the UBA, the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm.  Please
read the Unicode Standard Annex 9 (UAX#9) for background information
about these levels.

VPOS is the zero-based number of the current window's screen line
for which to produce the resolved levels.  If VPOS is nil or omitted,
it defaults to the screen line of point.  If the window displays a
header line, VPOS of zero will report on the header line, and first
line of text in the window will have VPOS of 1.

Value is an array of resolved levels, indexed by glyph number.
Glyphs are numbered from zero starting from the beginning of the
screen line, i.e. the left edge of the window for left-to-right lines
and from the right edge for right-to-left lines.  The resolved levels
are produced only for the window's text area; text in display margins
is not included.

If the selected window's display is not up-to-date, or if the specified
screen line does not display text, this function returns nil.  It is
highly recommended to bind this function to some simple key, like F8,
in order to avoid these problems.

This function exists mainly for testing the correctness of the
Emacs UBA implementation, in particular with the test suite.  */)
  (Lisp_Object vpos)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (selected_window);
  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);
  int nrow;
  struct glyph_row *row;

  if (NILP (vpos))
    {
      int d1, d2, d3, d4, d5;

      pos_visible_p (w, PT, &d1, &d2, &d3, &d4, &d5, &nrow);
    }
  else
    {
      CHECK_NUMBER_COERCE_MARKER (vpos);
      nrow = XINT (vpos);
    }

  /* We require up-to-date glyph matrix for this window.  */
  if (w->window_end_valid
      && !windows_or_buffers_changed
      && b
      && !b->clip_changed
      && !b->prevent_redisplay_optimizations_p
      && !window_outdated (w)
      && nrow >= 0
      && nrow < w->current_matrix->nrows
      && (row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, nrow))->enabled_p
      && MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))
    {
      struct glyph *g, *e, *g1;
      int nglyphs, i;
      Lisp_Object levels;

      if (!row->reversed_p)     /* Left-to-right glyph row.  */
        {
          g = g1 = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          e = g + row->used[TEXT_AREA];

          /* Skip over glyphs at the start of the row that was
             generated by redisplay for its own needs.  */
          while (g < e
                 && NILP (g->object)
                 && g->charpos < 0)
            g++;
          g1 = g;

          /* Count the "interesting" glyphs in this row.  */
          for (nglyphs = 0; g < e && !NILP (g->object); g++)
            nglyphs++;

          /* Create and fill the array.  */
          levels = make_uninit_vector (nglyphs);
          for (i = 0; g1 < g; i++, g1++)
            ASET (levels, i, make_number (g1->resolved_level));
        }
      else                      /* Right-to-left glyph row.  */
        {
          g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
          e = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
          while (g > e
                 && NILP (g->object)
                 && g->charpos < 0)
            g--;
          g1 = g;
          for (nglyphs = 0; g > e && !NILP (g->object); g--)
            nglyphs++;
          levels = make_uninit_vector (nglyphs);
          for (i = 0; g1 > g; i++, g1--)
            ASET (levels, i, make_number (g1->resolved_level));
        }
      return levels;
    }
  else
    return Qnil;
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                               Menu Bar
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Redisplay the menu bar in the frame for window W.

   The menu bar of X frames that don't have X toolkit support is
   displayed in a special window W->frame->menu_bar_window.

   The menu bar of terminal frames is treated specially as far as
   glyph matrices are concerned.  Menu bar lines are not part of
   windows, so the update is done directly on the frame matrix rows
   for the menu bar.  */

static void
display_menu_bar (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  struct it it;
  Lisp_Object items;
  int i;

  /* Don't do all this for graphical frames.  */
#ifdef HAVE_NTGUI
  if (FRAME_W32_P (f))
    return;
#endif
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (USE_GTK)
  if (FRAME_X_P (f))
    return;
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_NS
  if (FRAME_NS_P (f))
    return;
#endif /* HAVE_NS */

#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (USE_GTK)
  eassert (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (f));
  init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, f->desired_matrix->rows, MENU_FACE_ID);
  it.first_visible_x = 0;
  it.last_visible_x = FRAME_PIXEL_WIDTH (f);
#elif defined (HAVE_X_WINDOWS) /* X without toolkit.  */
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
    {
      /* Menu bar lines are displayed in the desired matrix of the
         dummy window menu_bar_window.  */
      struct window *menu_w;
      menu_w = XWINDOW (f->menu_bar_window);
      init_iterator (&it, menu_w, -1, -1, menu_w->desired_matrix->rows,
                     MENU_FACE_ID);
      it.first_visible_x = 0;
      it.last_visible_x = FRAME_PIXEL_WIDTH (f);
    }
  else
#endif /* not USE_X_TOOLKIT and not USE_GTK */
    {
      /* This is a TTY frame, i.e. character hpos/vpos are used as
         pixel x/y.  */
      init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, f->desired_matrix->rows,
                     MENU_FACE_ID);
      it.first_visible_x = 0;
      it.last_visible_x = FRAME_COLS (f);
    }

  /* FIXME: This should be controlled by a user option.  See the
     comments in redisplay_tool_bar and display_mode_line about
     this.  */
  it.paragraph_embedding = L2R;

  /* Clear all rows of the menu bar.  */
  for (i = 0; i < FRAME_MENU_BAR_LINES (f); ++i)
    {
      struct glyph_row *row = it.glyph_row + i;
      clear_glyph_row (row);
      row->enabled_p = true;
      row->full_width_p = true;
      row->reversed_p = false;
    }

  /* Display all items of the menu bar.  */
  items = FRAME_MENU_BAR_ITEMS (it.f);
  for (i = 0; i < ASIZE (items); i += 4)
    {
      Lisp_Object string;

      /* Stop at nil string.  */
      string = AREF (items, i + 1);
      if (NILP (string))
        break;

      /* Remember where item was displayed.  */
      ASET (items, i + 3, make_number (it.hpos));

      /* Display the item, pad with one space.  */
      if (it.current_x < it.last_visible_x)
        display_string (NULL, string, Qnil, 0, 0, &it,
                        SCHARS (string) + 1, 0, 0, -1);
    }

  /* Fill out the line with spaces.  */
  if (it.current_x < it.last_visible_x)
    display_string ("", Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0, &it, -1, 0, 0, -1);

  /* Compute the total height of the lines.  */
  compute_line_metrics (&it);
}

/* Deep copy of a glyph row, including the glyphs.  */
static void
deep_copy_glyph_row (struct glyph_row *to, struct glyph_row *from)
{
  struct glyph *pointers[1 + LAST_AREA];
  int to_used = to->used[TEXT_AREA];

  /* Save glyph pointers of TO.  */
  memcpy (pointers, to->glyphs, sizeof to->glyphs);

  /* Do a structure assignment.  */
  *to = *from;

  /* Restore original glyph pointers of TO.  */
  memcpy (to->glyphs, pointers, sizeof to->glyphs);

  /* Copy the glyphs.  */
  memcpy (to->glyphs[TEXT_AREA], from->glyphs[TEXT_AREA],
          min (from->used[TEXT_AREA], to_used) * sizeof (struct glyph));

  /* If we filled only part of the TO row, fill the rest with
     space_glyph (which will display as empty space).  */
  if (to_used > from->used[TEXT_AREA])
    fill_up_frame_row_with_spaces (to, to_used);
}

/* Display one menu item on a TTY, by overwriting the glyphs in the
   frame F's desired glyph matrix with glyphs produced from the menu
   item text.  Called from term.c to display TTY drop-down menus one
   item at a time.

   ITEM_TEXT is the menu item text as a C string.

   FACE_ID is the face ID to be used for this menu item.  FACE_ID
   could specify one of 3 faces: a face for an enabled item, a face
   for a disabled item, or a face for a selected item.

   X and Y are coordinates of the first glyph in the frame's desired
   matrix to be overwritten by the menu item.  Since this is a TTY, Y
   is the zero-based number of the glyph row and X is the zero-based
   glyph number in the row, starting from left, where to start
   displaying the item.

   SUBMENU means this menu item drops down a submenu, which
   should be indicated by displaying a proper visual cue after the
   item text.  */

void
display_tty_menu_item (const char *item_text, int width, int face_id,
                       int x, int y, bool submenu)
{
  struct it it;
  struct frame *f = SELECTED_FRAME ();
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (f->selected_window);
  struct glyph_row *row;
  size_t item_len = strlen (item_text);

  eassert (FRAME_TERMCAP_P (f));

  /* Don't write beyond the matrix's last row.  This can happen for
     TTY screens that are not high enough to show the entire menu.
     (This is actually a bit of defensive programming, as
     tty_menu_display already limits the number of menu items to one
     less than the number of screen lines.)  */
  if (y >= f->desired_matrix->nrows)
    return;

  init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, f->desired_matrix->rows + y, MENU_FACE_ID);
  it.first_visible_x = 0;
  it.last_visible_x = FRAME_COLS (f) - 1;
  row = it.glyph_row;
  /* Start with the row contents from the current matrix.  */
  deep_copy_glyph_row (row, f->current_matrix->rows + y);
  bool saved_width = row->full_width_p;
  row->full_width_p = true;
  bool saved_reversed = row->reversed_p;
  row->reversed_p = false;
  row->enabled_p = true;

  /* Arrange for the menu item glyphs to start at (X,Y) and have the
     desired face.  */
  eassert (x < f->desired_matrix->matrix_w);
  it.current_x = it.hpos = x;
  it.current_y = it.vpos = y;
  int saved_used = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
  bool saved_truncated = row->truncated_on_right_p;
  row->used[TEXT_AREA] = x;
  it.face_id = face_id;
  it.line_wrap = TRUNCATE;

  /* FIXME: This should be controlled by a user option.  See the
     comments in redisplay_tool_bar and display_mode_line about this.
     Also, if paragraph_embedding could ever be R2L, changes will be
     needed to avoid shifting to the right the row characters in
     term.c:append_glyph.  */
  it.paragraph_embedding = L2R;

  /* Pad with a space on the left.  */
  display_string (" ", Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0, &it, 1, 0, FRAME_COLS (f) - 1, -1);
  width--;
  /* Display the menu item, pad with spaces to WIDTH.  */
  if (submenu)
    {
      display_string (item_text, Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0, &it,
                      item_len, 0, FRAME_COLS (f) - 1, -1);
      width -= item_len;
      /* Indicate with " >" that there's a submenu.  */
      display_string (" >", Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0, &it, width, 0,
                      FRAME_COLS (f) - 1, -1);
    }
  else
    display_string (item_text, Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0, &it,
                    width, 0, FRAME_COLS (f) - 1, -1);

  row->used[TEXT_AREA] = max (saved_used, row->used[TEXT_AREA]);
  row->truncated_on_right_p = saved_truncated;
  row->hash = row_hash (row);
  row->full_width_p = saved_width;
  row->reversed_p = saved_reversed;
}
\f
/***********************************************************************
                              Mode Line
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Redisplay mode lines in the window tree whose root is WINDOW.
   If FORCE, redisplay mode lines unconditionally.
   Otherwise, redisplay only mode lines that are garbaged.  Value is
   the number of windows whose mode lines were redisplayed.  */

static int
redisplay_mode_lines (Lisp_Object window, bool force)
{
  int nwindows = 0;

  while (!NILP (window))
    {
      struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);

      if (WINDOWP (w->contents))
        nwindows += redisplay_mode_lines (w->contents, force);
      else if (force
               || FRAME_GARBAGED_P (XFRAME (w->frame))
               || !MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)->enabled_p)
        {
          struct text_pos lpoint;
          struct buffer *old = current_buffer;

          /* Set the window's buffer for the mode line display.  */
          SET_TEXT_POS (lpoint, PT, PT_BYTE);
          set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (w->contents));

          /* Point refers normally to the selected window.  For any
             other window, set up appropriate value.  */
          if (!EQ (window, selected_window))
            {
              struct text_pos pt;

              CLIP_TEXT_POS_FROM_MARKER (pt, w->pointm);
              TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (CHARPOS (pt), BYTEPOS (pt));
            }

          /* Display mode lines.  */
          clear_glyph_matrix (w->desired_matrix);
          if (display_mode_lines (w))
            ++nwindows;

          /* Restore old settings.  */
          set_buffer_internal_1 (old);
          TEMP_SET_PT_BOTH (CHARPOS (lpoint), BYTEPOS (lpoint));
        }

      window = w->next;
    }

  return nwindows;
}


/* Display the mode and/or header line of window W.  Value is the
   sum number of mode lines and header lines displayed.  */

static int
display_mode_lines (struct window *w)
{
  Lisp_Object old_selected_window = selected_window;
  Lisp_Object old_selected_frame = selected_frame;
  Lisp_Object new_frame = w->frame;
  Lisp_Object old_frame_selected_window = XFRAME (new_frame)->selected_window;
  int n = 0;

  if (window_wants_mode_line (w))
    {
      Lisp_Object window;
      Lisp_Object default_help
        = buffer_local_value (Qmode_line_default_help_echo, w->contents);

      /* Set up mode line help echo.  Do this before selecting w so it
         can reasonably tell whether a mouse click will select w.  */
      XSETWINDOW (window, w);
      if (FUNCTIONP (default_help))
        wset_mode_line_help_echo (w, safe_call1 (default_help, window));
      else if (STRINGP (default_help))
        wset_mode_line_help_echo (w, default_help);
      else
        wset_mode_line_help_echo (w, Qnil);
    }

  selected_frame = new_frame;
  /* FIXME: If we were to allow the mode-line's computation changing the buffer
     or window's point, then we'd need select_window_1 here as well.  */
  XSETWINDOW (selected_window, w);
  XFRAME (new_frame)->selected_window = selected_window;

  /* These will be set while the mode line specs are processed.  */
  line_number_displayed = false;
  w->column_number_displayed = -1;

  if (window_wants_mode_line (w))
    {
      Lisp_Object window_mode_line_format
        = window_parameter (w, Qmode_line_format);
      struct window *sel_w = XWINDOW (old_selected_window);

      /* Select mode line face based on the real selected window.  */
      display_mode_line (w, CURRENT_MODE_LINE_FACE_ID_3 (sel_w, sel_w, w),
                         NILP (window_mode_line_format)
                         ? BVAR (current_buffer, mode_line_format)
                         : window_mode_line_format);
      ++n;
    }

  if (window_wants_header_line (w))
    {
      Lisp_Object window_header_line_format
        = window_parameter (w, Qheader_line_format);

      display_mode_line (w, HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID,
                         NILP (window_header_line_format)
                         ? BVAR (current_buffer, header_line_format)
                         : window_header_line_format);
      ++n;
    }

  XFRAME (new_frame)->selected_window = old_frame_selected_window;
  selected_frame = old_selected_frame;
  selected_window = old_selected_window;
  if (n > 0)
    w->must_be_updated_p = true;
  return n;
}


/* Display mode or header line of window W.  FACE_ID specifies which
   line to display; it is either MODE_LINE_FACE_ID or
   HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID.  FORMAT is the mode/header line format to
   display.  Value is the pixel height of the mode/header line
   displayed.  */

static int
display_mode_line (struct window *w, enum face_id face_id, Lisp_Object format)
{
  struct it it;
  struct face *face;
  ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();

  init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, NULL, face_id);
  /* Don't extend on a previously drawn mode-line.
     This may happen if called from pos_visible_p.  */
  it.glyph_row->enabled_p = false;
  prepare_desired_row (w, it.glyph_row, true);

  it.glyph_row->mode_line_p = true;

  /* FIXME: This should be controlled by a user option.  But
     supporting such an option is not trivial, since the mode line is
     made up of many separate strings.  */
  it.paragraph_embedding = L2R;

  record_unwind_protect (unwind_format_mode_line,
                         format_mode_line_unwind_data (NULL, NULL,
                                                       Qnil, false));

  mode_line_target = MODE_LINE_DISPLAY;

  /* Temporarily make frame's keyboard the current kboard so that
     kboard-local variables in the mode_line_format will get the right
     values.  */
  push_kboard (FRAME_KBOARD (it.f));
  record_unwind_save_match_data ();
  display_mode_element (&it, 0, 0, 0, format, Qnil, false);
  pop_kboard ();

  unbind_to (count, Qnil);

  /* Fill up with spaces.  */
  display_string (" ", Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0, &it, 10000, -1, -1, 0);

  compute_line_metrics (&it);
  it.glyph_row->full_width_p = true;
  it.glyph_row->continued_p = false;
  it.glyph_row->truncated_on_left_p = false;
  it.glyph_row->truncated_on_right_p = false;

  /* Make a 3D mode-line have a shadow at its right end.  */
  face = FACE_FROM_ID (it.f, face_id);
  extend_face_to_end_of_line (&it);
  if (face->box != FACE_NO_BOX)
    {
      struct glyph *last = (it.glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                            + it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1);
      last->right_box_line_p = true;
    }

  return it.glyph_row->height;
}

/* Move element ELT in LIST to the front of LIST.
   Return the updated list.  */

static Lisp_Object
move_elt_to_front (Lisp_Object elt, Lisp_Object list)
{
  register Lisp_Object tail, prev;
  register Lisp_Object tem;

  tail = list;
  prev = Qnil;
  while (CONSP (tail))
    {
      tem = XCAR (tail);

      if (EQ (elt, tem))
        {
          /* Splice out the link TAIL.  */
          if (NILP (prev))
            list = XCDR (tail);
          else
            Fsetcdr (prev, XCDR (tail));

          /* Now make it the first.  */
          Fsetcdr (tail, list);
          return tail;
        }
      else
        prev = tail;
      tail = XCDR (tail);
      maybe_quit ();
    }

  /* Not found--return unchanged LIST.  */
  return list;
}

/* Contribute ELT to the mode line for window IT->w.  How it
   translates into text depends on its data type.

   IT describes the display environment in which we display, as usual.

   DEPTH is the depth in recursion.  It is used to prevent
   infinite recursion here.

   FIELD_WIDTH is the number of characters the display of ELT should
   occupy in the mode line, and PRECISION is the maximum number of
   characters to display from ELT's representation.  See
   display_string for details.

   Returns the hpos of the end of the text generated by ELT.

   PROPS is a property list to add to any string we encounter.

   If RISKY, remove (disregard) any properties in any string
   we encounter, and ignore :eval and :propertize.

   The global variable `mode_line_target' determines whether the
   output is passed to `store_mode_line_noprop',
   `store_mode_line_string', or `display_string'.  */

static int
display_mode_element (struct it *it, int depth, int field_width, int precision,
                      Lisp_Object elt, Lisp_Object props, bool risky)
{
  int n = 0, field, prec;
  bool literal = false;

 tail_recurse:
  if (depth > 100)
    elt = build_string ("*too-deep*");

  depth++;

  switch (XTYPE (elt))
    {
    case Lisp_String:
      {
        /* A string: output it and check for %-constructs within it.  */
        unsigned char c;
        ptrdiff_t offset = 0;

        if (SCHARS (elt) > 0
            && (!NILP (props) || risky))
          {
            Lisp_Object oprops, aelt;
            oprops = Ftext_properties_at (make_number (0), elt);

            /* If the starting string's properties are not what
               we want, translate the string.  Also, if the string
               is risky, do that anyway.  */

            if (NILP (Fequal (props, oprops)) || risky)
              {
                /* If the starting string has properties,
                   merge the specified ones onto the existing ones.  */
                if (! NILP (oprops) && !risky)
                  {
                    Lisp_Object tem;

                    oprops = Fcopy_sequence (oprops);
                    tem = props;
                    while (CONSP (tem))
                      {
                        oprops = Fplist_put (oprops, XCAR (tem),
                                             XCAR (XCDR (tem)));
                        tem = XCDR (XCDR (tem));
                      }
                    props = oprops;
                  }

                aelt = Fassoc (elt, mode_line_proptrans_alist, Qnil);
                if (! NILP (aelt) && !NILP (Fequal (props, XCDR (aelt))))
                  {
                    /* AELT is what we want.  Move it to the front
                       without consing.  */
                    elt = XCAR (aelt);
                    mode_line_proptrans_alist
                      = move_elt_to_front (aelt, mode_line_proptrans_alist);
                  }
                else
                  {
                    Lisp_Object tem;

                    /* If AELT has the wrong props, it is useless.
                       so get rid of it.  */
                    if (! NILP (aelt))
                      mode_line_proptrans_alist
                        = Fdelq (aelt, mode_line_proptrans_alist);

                    elt = Fcopy_sequence (elt);
                    Fset_text_properties (make_number (0), Flength (elt),
                                          props, elt);
                    /* Add this item to mode_line_proptrans_alist.  */
                    mode_line_proptrans_alist
                      = Fcons (Fcons (elt, props),
                               mode_line_proptrans_alist);
                    /* Truncate mode_line_proptrans_alist
                       to at most 50 elements.  */
                    tem = Fnthcdr (make_number (50),
                                   mode_line_proptrans_alist);
                    if (! NILP (tem))
                      XSETCDR (tem, Qnil);
                  }
              }
          }

        offset = 0;

        if (literal)
          {
            prec = precision - n;
            switch (mode_line_target)
              {
              case MODE_LINE_NOPROP:
              case MODE_LINE_TITLE:
                n += store_mode_line_noprop (SSDATA (elt), -1, prec);
                break;
              case MODE_LINE_STRING:
                n += store_mode_line_string (NULL, elt, true, 0, prec, Qnil);
                break;
              case MODE_LINE_DISPLAY:
                n += display_string (NULL, elt, Qnil, 0, 0, it,
                                     0, prec, 0, STRING_MULTIBYTE (elt));
                break;
              }

            break;
          }

        /* Handle the non-literal case.  */

        while ((precision <= 0 || n < precision)
               && SREF (elt, offset) != 0
               && (mode_line_target != MODE_LINE_DISPLAY
                   || it->current_x < it->last_visible_x))
          {
            ptrdiff_t last_offset = offset;

            /* Advance to end of string or next format specifier.  */
            while ((c = SREF (elt, offset++)) != '\0' && c != '%')
              ;

            if (offset - 1 != last_offset)
              {
                ptrdiff_t nchars, nbytes;

                /* Output to end of string or up to '%'.  Field width
                   is length of string.  Don't output more than
                   PRECISION allows us.  */
                offset--;

                prec = c_string_width (SDATA (elt) + last_offset,
                                       offset - last_offset, precision - n,
                                       &nchars, &nbytes);

                switch (mode_line_target)
                  {
                  case MODE_LINE_NOPROP:
                  case MODE_LINE_TITLE:
                    n += store_mode_line_noprop (SSDATA (elt) + last_offset, 0, prec);
                    break;
                  case MODE_LINE_STRING:
                    {
                      ptrdiff_t bytepos = last_offset;
                      ptrdiff_t charpos = string_byte_to_char (elt, bytepos);
                      ptrdiff_t endpos = (precision <= 0
                                          ? string_byte_to_char (elt, offset)
                                          : charpos + nchars);
                      Lisp_Object mode_string
                        = Fsubstring (elt, make_number (charpos),
                                      make_number (endpos));
                      n += store_mode_line_string (NULL, mode_string, false,
                                                   0, 0, Qnil);
                    }
                    break;
                  case MODE_LINE_DISPLAY:
                    {
                      ptrdiff_t bytepos = last_offset;
                      ptrdiff_t charpos = string_byte_to_char (elt, bytepos);

                      if (precision <= 0)
                        nchars = string_byte_to_char (elt, offset) - charpos;
                      n += display_string (NULL, elt, Qnil, 0, charpos,
                                           it, 0, nchars, 0,
                                           STRING_MULTIBYTE (elt));
                    }
                    break;
                  }
              }
            else /* c == '%' */
              {
                ptrdiff_t percent_position = offset;

                /* Get the specified minimum width.  Zero means
                   don't pad.  */
                field = 0;
                while ((c = SREF (elt, offset++)) >= '0' && c <= '9')
                  field = field * 10 + c - '0';

                /* Don't pad beyond the total padding allowed.  */
                if (field_width - n > 0 && field > field_width - n)
                  field = field_width - n;

                /* Note that either PRECISION <= 0 or N < PRECISION.  */
                prec = precision - n;

                if (c == 'M')
                  n += display_mode_element (it, depth, field, prec,
                                             Vglobal_mode_string, props,
                                             risky);
                else if (c != 0)
                  {
                    bool multibyte;
                    ptrdiff_t bytepos, charpos;
                    const char *spec;
                    Lisp_Object string;

                    bytepos = percent_position;
                    charpos = (STRING_MULTIBYTE (elt)
                               ? string_byte_to_char (elt, bytepos)
                               : bytepos);
                    spec = decode_mode_spec (it->w, c, field, &string);
                    multibyte = STRINGP (string) && STRING_MULTIBYTE (string);

                    switch (mode_line_target)
                      {
                      case MODE_LINE_NOPROP:
                      case MODE_LINE_TITLE:
                        n += store_mode_line_noprop (spec, field, prec);
                        break;
                      case MODE_LINE_STRING:
                        {
                          Lisp_Object tem = build_string (spec);
                          props = Ftext_properties_at (make_number (charpos), elt);
                          /* Should only keep face property in props */
                          n += store_mode_line_string (NULL, tem, false,
                                                       field, prec, props);
                        }
                        break;
                      case MODE_LINE_DISPLAY:
                        {
                          int nglyphs_before, nwritten;

                          nglyphs_before = it->glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA];
                          nwritten = display_string (spec, string, elt,
                                                     charpos, 0, it,
                                                     field, prec, 0,
                                                     multibyte);

                          /* Assign to the glyphs written above the
                             string where the `%x' came from, position
                             of the `%'.  */
                          if (nwritten > 0)
                            {
                              struct glyph *glyph
                                = (it->glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]
                                   + nglyphs_before);
                              int i;

                              for (i = 0; i < nwritten; ++i)
                                {
                                  glyph[i].object = elt;
                                  glyph[i].charpos = charpos;
                                }

                              n += nwritten;
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                      }
                  }
                else /* c == 0 */
                  break;
              }
          }
      }
      break;

    case Lisp_Symbol:
      /* A symbol: process the value of the symbol recursively
         as if it appeared here directly.  Avoid error if symbol void.
         Special case: if value of symbol is a string, output the string
         literally.  */
      {
        register Lisp_Object tem;

        /* If the variable is not marked as risky to set
           then its contents are risky to use.  */
        if (NILP (Fget (elt, Qrisky_local_variable)))
          risky = true;

        tem = Fboundp (elt);
        if (!NILP (tem))
          {
            tem = Fsymbol_value (elt);
            /* If value is a string, output that string literally:
               don't check for % within it.  */
            if (STRINGP (tem))
              literal = true;

            if (!EQ (tem, elt))
              {
                /* Give up right away for nil or t.  */
                elt = tem;
                goto tail_recurse;
              }
          }
      }
      break;

    case Lisp_Cons:
      {
        register Lisp_Object car, tem;

        /* A cons cell: five distinct cases.
           If first element is :eval or :propertize, do something special.
           If first element is a string or a cons, process all the elements
           and effectively concatenate them.
           If first element is a negative number, truncate displaying cdr to
           at most that many characters.  If positive, pad (with spaces)
           to at least that many characters.
           If first element is a symbol, process the cadr or caddr recursively
           according to whether the symbol's value is non-nil or nil.  */
        car = XCAR (elt);
        if (EQ (car, QCeval))
          {
            /* An element of the form (:eval FORM) means evaluate FORM
               and use the result as mode line elements.  */

            if (risky)
              break;

            if (CONSP (XCDR (elt)))
              {
                Lisp_Object spec;
                spec = safe__eval (true, XCAR (XCDR (elt)));
                /* The :eval form could delete the frame stored in the
                   iterator, which will cause a crash if we try to
                   access faces and other fields (e.g., FRAME_KBOARD)
                   on that frame.  This is a nonsensical thing to do,
                   and signaling an error from redisplay might be
                   dangerous, but we cannot continue with an invalid frame.  */
                if (!FRAME_LIVE_P (it->f))
                  signal_error (":eval deleted the frame being displayed", elt);
                n += display_mode_element (it, depth, field_width - n,
                                           precision - n, spec, props,
                                           risky);
              }
          }
        else if (EQ (car, QCpropertize))
          {
            /* An element of the form (:propertize ELT PROPS...)
               means display ELT but applying properties PROPS.  */

            if (risky)
              break;

            if (CONSP (XCDR (elt)))
              n += display_mode_element (it, depth, field_width - n,
                                         precision - n, XCAR (XCDR (elt)),
                                         XCDR (XCDR (elt)), risky);
          }
        else if (SYMBOLP (car))
          {
            tem = Fboundp (car);
            elt = XCDR (elt);
            if (!CONSP (elt))
              goto invalid;
            /* elt is now the cdr, and we know it is a cons cell.
               Use its car if CAR has a non-nil value.  */
            if (!NILP (tem))
              {
                tem = Fsymbol_value (car);
                if (!NILP (tem))
                  {
                    elt = XCAR (elt);
                    goto tail_recurse;
                  }
              }
            /* Symbol's value is nil (or symbol is unbound)
               Get the cddr of the original list
               and if possible find the caddr and use that.  */
            elt = XCDR (elt);
            if (NILP (elt))
              break;
            else if (!CONSP (elt))
              goto invalid;
            elt = XCAR (elt);
            goto tail_recurse;
          }
        else if (INTEGERP (car))
          {
            register int lim = XINT (car);
            elt = XCDR (elt);
            if (lim < 0)
              {
                /* Negative int means reduce maximum width.  */
                if (precision <= 0)
                  precision = -lim;
                else
                  precision = min (precision, -lim);
              }
            else if (lim > 0)
              {
                /* Padding specified.  Don't let it be more than
                   current maximum.  */
                if (precision > 0)
                  lim = min (precision, lim);

                /* If that's more padding than already wanted, queue it.
                   But don't reduce padding already specified even if
                   that is beyond the current truncation point.  */
                field_width = max (lim, field_width);
              }
            goto tail_recurse;
          }
        else if (STRINGP (car) || CONSP (car))
          FOR_EACH_TAIL_SAFE (elt)
            {
              if (0 < precision && precision <= n)
                break;
              n += display_mode_element (it, depth,
                                         /* Pad after only the last
                                            list element.  */
                                         (! CONSP (XCDR (elt))
                                          ? field_width - n
                                          : 0),
                                         precision - n, XCAR (elt),
                                         props, risky);
            }
      }
      break;

    default:
    invalid:
      elt = build_string ("*invalid*");
      goto tail_recurse;
    }

  /* Pad to FIELD_WIDTH.  */
  if (field_width > 0 && n < field_width)
    {
      switch (mode_line_target)
        {
        case MODE_LINE_NOPROP:
        case MODE_LINE_TITLE:
          n += store_mode_line_noprop ("", field_width - n, 0);
          break;
        case MODE_LINE_STRING:
          n += store_mode_line_string ("", Qnil, false, field_width - n, 0,
                                       Qnil);
          break;
        case MODE_LINE_DISPLAY:
          n += display_string ("", Qnil, Qnil, 0, 0, it, field_width - n,
                               0, 0, 0);
          break;
        }
    }

  return n;
}

/* Store a mode-line string element in mode_line_string_list.

   If STRING is non-null, display that C string.  Otherwise, the Lisp
   string LISP_STRING is displayed.

   FIELD_WIDTH is the minimum number of output glyphs to produce.
   If STRING has fewer characters than FIELD_WIDTH, pad to the right
   with spaces.  FIELD_WIDTH <= 0 means don't pad.

   PRECISION is the maximum number of characters to output from
   STRING.  PRECISION <= 0  means don't truncate the string.

   If COPY_STRING, make a copy of LISP_STRING before adding
   properties to the string.

   PROPS are the properties to add to the string.
   The mode_line_string_face face property is always added to the string.
 */

static int
store_mode_line_string (const char *string, Lisp_Object lisp_string,
                        bool copy_string,
                        int field_width, int precision, Lisp_Object props)
{
  ptrdiff_t len;
  int n = 0;

  if (string != NULL)
    {
      len = strlen (string);
      if (precision > 0 && len > precision)
        len = precision;
      lisp_string = make_string (string, len);
      if (NILP (props))
        props = mode_line_string_face_prop;
      else if (!NILP (mode_line_string_face))
        {
          Lisp_Object face = Fplist_get (props, Qface);
          props = Fcopy_sequence (props);
          if (NILP (face))
            face = mode_line_string_face;
          else
            face = list2 (face, mode_line_string_face);
          props = Fplist_put (props, Qface, face);
        }
      Fadd_text_properties (make_number (0), make_number (len),
                            props, lisp_string);
    }
  else
    {
      len = XFASTINT (Flength (lisp_string));
      if (precision > 0 && len > precision)
        {
          len = precision;
          lisp_string = Fsubstring (lisp_string, make_number (0), make_number (len));
          precision = -1;
        }
      if (!NILP (mode_line_string_face))
        {
          Lisp_Object face;
          if (NILP (props))
            props = Ftext_properties_at (make_number (0), lisp_string);
          face = Fplist_get (props, Qface);
          if (NILP (face))
            face = mode_line_string_face;
          else
            face = list2 (face, mode_line_string_face);
          props = list2 (Qface, face);
          if (copy_string)
            lisp_string = Fcopy_sequence (lisp_string);
        }
      if (!NILP (props))
        Fadd_text_properties (make_number (0), make_number (len),
                              props, lisp_string);
    }

  if (len > 0)
    {
      mode_line_string_list = Fcons (lisp_string, mode_line_string_list);
      n += len;
    }

  if (field_width > len)
    {
      field_width -= len;
      lisp_string = Fmake_string (make_number (field_width), make_number (' '),
                                  Qnil);
      if (!NILP (props))
        Fadd_text_properties (make_number (0), make_number (field_width),
                              props, lisp_string);
      mode_line_string_list = Fcons (lisp_string, mode_line_string_list);
      n += field_width;
    }

  return n;
}


DEFUN ("format-mode-line", Fformat_mode_line, Sformat_mode_line,
       1, 4, 0,
       doc: /* Format a string out of a mode line format specification.
First arg FORMAT specifies the mode line format (see `mode-line-format'
for details) to use.

By default, the format is evaluated for the currently selected window.

Optional second arg FACE specifies the face property to put on all
characters for which no face is specified.  The value nil means the
default face.  The value t means whatever face the window's mode line
currently uses (either `mode-line' or `mode-line-inactive',
depending on whether the window is the selected window or not).
An integer value means the value string has no text
properties.

Optional third and fourth args WINDOW and BUFFER specify the window
and buffer to use as the context for the formatting (defaults
are the selected window and the WINDOW's buffer).  */)
     (Lisp_Object format, Lisp_Object face,
      Lisp_Object window, Lisp_Object buffer)
{
  struct it it;
  int len;
  struct window *w;
  struct buffer *old_buffer = NULL;
  int face_id;
  bool no_props = INTEGERP (face);
  ptrdiff_t count = SPECPDL_INDEX ();
  Lisp_Object str;
  int string_start = 0;

  w = decode_any_window (window);
  XSETWINDOW (window, w);

  if (NILP (buffer))
    buffer = w->contents;
  CHECK_BUFFER (buffer);

  /* Make formatting the modeline a non-op when noninteractive, otherwise
     there will be problems later caused by a partially initialized frame.  */
  if (NILP (format) || noninteractive)
    return empty_unibyte_string;

  if (no_props)
    face = Qnil;

  face_id = (NILP (face) || EQ (face, Qdefault)) ? DEFAULT_FACE_ID
    : EQ (face, Qt) ? (EQ (window, selected_window)
                       ? MODE_LINE_FACE_ID : MODE_LINE_INACTIVE_FACE_ID)
    : EQ (face, Qmode_line) ? MODE_LINE_FACE_ID
    : EQ (face, Qmode_line_inactive) ? MODE_LINE_INACTIVE_FACE_ID
    : EQ (face, Qheader_line) ? HEADER_LINE_FACE_ID
    : EQ (face, Qtool_bar) ? TOOL_BAR_FACE_ID
    : DEFAULT_FACE_ID;

  old_buffer = current_buffer;

  /* Save things including mode_line_proptrans_alist,
     and set that to nil so that we don't alter the outer value.  */
  record_unwind_protect (unwind_format_mode_line,
                         format_mode_line_unwind_data
                           (XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w)),
                            old_buffer, selected_window, true));
  mode_line_proptrans_alist = Qnil;

  Fselect_window (window, Qt);
  set_buffer_internal_1 (XBUFFER (buffer));

  init_iterator (&it, w, -1, -1, NULL, face_id);

  if (no_props)
    {
      mode_line_target = MODE_LINE_NOPROP;
      mode_line_string_face_prop = Qnil;
      mode_line_string_list = Qnil;
      string_start = MODE_LINE_NOPROP_LEN (0);
    }
  else
    {
      mode_line_target = MODE_LINE_STRING;
      mode_line_string_list = Qnil;
      mode_line_string_face = face;
      mode_line_string_face_prop
        = NILP (face) ? Qnil : list2 (Qface, face);
    }

  push_kboard (FRAME_KBOARD (it.f));
  display_mode_element (&it, 0, 0, 0, format, Qnil, false);
  pop_kboard ();

  if (no_props)
    {
      len = MODE_LINE_NOPROP_LEN (string_start);
      str = make_string (mode_line_noprop_buf + string_start, len);
    }
  else
    {
      mode_line_string_list = Fnreverse (mode_line_string_list);
      str = Fmapconcat (Qidentity, mode_line_string_list,
                        empty_unibyte_string);
    }

  unbind_to (count, Qnil);
  return str;
}

/* Write a null-terminated, right justified decimal representation of
   the positive integer D to BUF using a minimal field width WIDTH.  */

static void
pint2str (register char *buf, register int width, register ptrdiff_t d)
{
  register char *p = buf;

  if (d <= 0)
    *p++ = '0';
  else
    {
      while (d > 0)
        {
          *p++ = d % 10 + '0';
          d /= 10;
        }
    }

  for (width -= (int) (p - buf); width > 0; --width)
    *p++ = ' ';
  *p-- = '\0';
  while (p > buf)
    {
      d = *buf;
      *buf++ = *p;
      *p-- = d;
    }
}

/* Write a null-terminated, right justified decimal and "human
   readable" representation of the nonnegative integer D to BUF using
   a minimal field width WIDTH.  D should be smaller than 999.5e24. */

static const char power_letter[] =
  {
    0,   /* no letter */
    'k', /* kilo */
    'M', /* mega */
    'G', /* giga */
    'T', /* tera */
    'P', /* peta */
    'E', /* exa */
    'Z', /* zetta */
    'Y'  /* yotta */
  };

static void
pint2hrstr (char *buf, int width, ptrdiff_t d)
{
  /* We aim to represent the nonnegative integer D as
     QUOTIENT.TENTHS * 10 ^ (3 * EXPONENT). */
  ptrdiff_t quotient = d;
  int remainder = 0;
  /* -1 means: do not use TENTHS. */
  int tenths = -1;
  int exponent = 0;

  /* Length of QUOTIENT.TENTHS as a string. */
  int length;

  char * psuffix;
  char * p;

  if (quotient >= 1000)
    {
      /* Scale to the appropriate EXPONENT. */
      do
        {
          remainder = quotient % 1000;
          quotient /= 1000;
          exponent++;
        }
      while (quotient >= 1000);

      /* Round to nearest and decide whether to use TENTHS or not. */
      if (quotient <= 9)
        {
          tenths = remainder / 100;
          if (remainder % 100 >= 50)
            {
              if (tenths < 9)
                tenths++;
              else
                {
                  quotient++;
                  if (quotient == 10)
                    tenths = -1;
                  else
                    tenths = 0;
                }
            }
        }
      else
        if (remainder >= 500)
          {
            if (quotient < 999)
              quotient++;
            else
              {
                quotient = 1;
                exponent++;
                tenths = 0;
              }
          }
    }

  /* Calculate the LENGTH of QUOTIENT.TENTHS as a string. */
  if (tenths == -1 && quotient <= 99)
    if (quotient <= 9)
      length = 1;
    else
      length = 2;
  else
    length = 3;
  p = psuffix = buf + max (width, length);

  /* Print EXPONENT. */
  *psuffix++ = power_letter[exponent];
  *psuffix = '\0';

  /* Print TENTHS. */
  if (tenths >= 0)
    {
      *--p = '0' + tenths;
      *--p = '.';
    }

  /* Print QUOTIENT. */
  do
    {
      int digit = quotient % 10;
      *--p =  '0' + digit;
    }
  while ((quotient /= 10) != 0);

  /* Print leading spaces. */
  while (buf < p)
    *--p = ' ';
}

/* Set a mnemonic character for coding_system (Lisp symbol) in BUF.
   If EOL_FLAG, set also a mnemonic character for end-of-line
   type of CODING_SYSTEM.  Return updated pointer into BUF.  */

static unsigned char invalid_eol_type[] = "(*invalid*)";

static char *
decode_mode_spec_coding (Lisp_Object coding_system, char *buf, bool eol_flag)
{
  Lisp_Object val;
  bool multibyte = !NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, enable_multibyte_characters));
  const unsigned char *eol_str;
  int eol_str_len;
  /* The EOL conversion we are using.  */
  Lisp_Object eoltype;

  val = CODING_SYSTEM_SPEC (coding_system);
  eoltype = Qnil;

  if (!VECTORP (val))           /* Not yet decided.  */
    {
      *buf++ = multibyte ? '-' : ' ';
      if (eol_flag)
        eoltype = eol_mnemonic_undecided;
      /* Don't mention EOL conversion if it isn't decided.  */
    }
  else
    {
      Lisp_Object attrs;
      Lisp_Object eolvalue;

      attrs = AREF (val, 0);
      eolvalue = AREF (val, 2);

      *buf++ = multibyte
        ? XFASTINT (CODING_ATTR_MNEMONIC (attrs))
        : ' ';

      if (eol_flag)
        {
          /* The EOL conversion that is normal on this system.  */

          if (NILP (eolvalue))  /* Not yet decided.  */
            eoltype = eol_mnemonic_undecided;
          else if (VECTORP (eolvalue)) /* Not yet decided.  */
            eoltype = eol_mnemonic_undecided;
          else                  /* eolvalue is Qunix, Qdos, or Qmac.  */
            eoltype = (EQ (eolvalue, Qunix)
                       ? eol_mnemonic_unix
                       : EQ (eolvalue, Qdos)
                       ? eol_mnemonic_dos : eol_mnemonic_mac);
        }
    }

  if (eol_flag)
    {
      /* Mention the EOL conversion if it is not the usual one.  */
      if (STRINGP (eoltype))
        {
          eol_str = SDATA (eoltype);
          eol_str_len = SBYTES (eoltype);
        }
      else if (CHARACTERP (eoltype))
        {
          int c = XFASTINT (eoltype);
          return buf + CHAR_STRING (c, (unsigned char *) buf);
        }
      else
        {
          eol_str = invalid_eol_type;
          eol_str_len = sizeof (invalid_eol_type) - 1;
        }
      memcpy (buf, eol_str, eol_str_len);
      buf += eol_str_len;
    }

  return buf;
}

/* Return the approximate percentage N is of D (rounding upward), or 99,
   whichever is less.  Assume 0 < D and 0 <= N <= D * INT_MAX / 100.  */

static int
percent99 (ptrdiff_t n, ptrdiff_t d)
{
  int percent = (d - 1 + 100.0 * n) / d;
  return min (percent, 99);
}

/* Return a string for the output of a mode line %-spec for window W,
   generated by character C.  FIELD_WIDTH > 0 means pad the string
   returned with spaces to that value.  Return a Lisp string in
   *STRING if the resulting string is taken from that Lisp string.

   Note we operate on the current buffer for most purposes.  */

static char lots_of_dashes[] = "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------";

static const char *
decode_mode_spec (struct window *w, register int c, int field_width,
                  Lisp_Object *string)
{
  Lisp_Object obj;
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  char *decode_mode_spec_buf = f->decode_mode_spec_buffer;
  /* We are going to use f->decode_mode_spec_buffer as the buffer to
     produce strings from numerical values, so limit preposterously
     large values of FIELD_WIDTH to avoid overrunning the buffer's
     end.  The size of the buffer is enough for FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF_SIZE
     bytes plus the terminating null.  */
  int width = min (field_width, FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF_SIZE (f));
  struct buffer *b = current_buffer;

  obj = Qnil;
  *string = Qnil;

  switch (c)
    {
    case '*':
      if (!NILP (BVAR (b, read_only)))
        return "%";
      if (BUF_MODIFF (b) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b))
        return "*";
      return "-";

    case '+':
      /* This differs from %* only for a modified read-only buffer.  */
      if (BUF_MODIFF (b) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b))
        return "*";
      if (!NILP (BVAR (b, read_only)))
        return "%";
      return "-";

    case '&':
      /* This differs from %* in ignoring read-only-ness.  */
      if (BUF_MODIFF (b) > BUF_SAVE_MODIFF (b))
        return "*";
      return "-";

    case '%':
      return "%";

    case '[':
      {
        int i;
        char *p;

        if (command_loop_level > 5)
          return "[[[... ";
        p = decode_mode_spec_buf;
        for (i = 0; i < command_loop_level; i++)
          *p++ = '[';
        *p = 0;
        return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case ']':
      {
        int i;
        char *p;

        if (command_loop_level > 5)
          return " ...]]]";
        p = decode_mode_spec_buf;
        for (i = 0; i < command_loop_level; i++)
          *p++ = ']';
        *p = 0;
        return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case '-':
      {
        register int i;

        /* Let lots_of_dashes be a string of infinite length.  */
        if (mode_line_target == MODE_LINE_NOPROP
            || mode_line_target == MODE_LINE_STRING)
          return "--";
        if (field_width <= 0
            || field_width > sizeof (lots_of_dashes))
          {
            for (i = 0; i < FRAME_MESSAGE_BUF_SIZE (f) - 1; ++i)
              decode_mode_spec_buf[i] = '-';
            decode_mode_spec_buf[i] = '\0';
            return decode_mode_spec_buf;
          }
        else
          return lots_of_dashes;
      }

    case 'b':
      obj = BVAR (b, name);
      break;

    case 'c':
    case 'C':
      /* %c, %C, and %l are ignored in `frame-title-format'.
         (In redisplay_internal, the frame title is drawn _before_ the
         windows are updated, so the stuff which depends on actual
         window contents (such as %l) may fail to render properly, or
         even crash emacs.)  */
      if (mode_line_target == MODE_LINE_TITLE)
        return "";
      else
        {
          ptrdiff_t col = current_column ();
          int disp_col = (c == 'C') ? col + 1 : col;
          w->column_number_displayed = col;
          pint2str (decode_mode_spec_buf, width, disp_col);
          return decode_mode_spec_buf;
        }

    case 'e':
#if !defined SYSTEM_MALLOC && !defined HYBRID_MALLOC
      {
        if (NILP (Vmemory_full))
          return "";
        else
          return "!MEM FULL! ";
      }
#else
      return "";
#endif

    case 'F':
      /* %F displays the frame name.  */
      if (!NILP (f->title))
        return SSDATA (f->title);
      if (f->explicit_name || ! FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
        return SSDATA (f->name);
      return "Emacs";

    case 'f':
      obj = BVAR (b, filename);
      break;

    case 'i':
      {
        ptrdiff_t size = ZV - BEGV;
        pint2str (decode_mode_spec_buf, width, size);
        return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case 'I':
      {
        ptrdiff_t size = ZV - BEGV;
        pint2hrstr (decode_mode_spec_buf, width, size);
        return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case 'l':
      {
        ptrdiff_t startpos, startpos_byte, line, linepos, linepos_byte;
        ptrdiff_t topline, nlines, height;
        ptrdiff_t junk;

        /* %c, %C, and %l are ignored in `frame-title-format'.  */
        if (mode_line_target == MODE_LINE_TITLE)
          return "";

        startpos = marker_position (w->start);
        startpos_byte = marker_byte_position (w->start);
        height = WINDOW_TOTAL_LINES (w);

        /* If we decided that this buffer isn't suitable for line numbers,
           don't forget that too fast.  */
        if (w->base_line_pos == -1)
          goto no_value;

        /* If the buffer is very big, don't waste time.  */
        if (INTEGERP (Vline_number_display_limit)
            && BUF_ZV (b) - BUF_BEGV (b) > XINT (Vline_number_display_limit))
          {
            w->base_line_pos = 0;
            w->base_line_number = 0;
            goto no_value;
          }

        if (w->base_line_number > 0
            && w->base_line_pos > 0
            && w->base_line_pos <= startpos)
          {
            line = w->base_line_number;
            linepos = w->base_line_pos;
            linepos_byte = buf_charpos_to_bytepos (b, linepos);
          }
        else
          {
            line = 1;
            linepos = BUF_BEGV (b);
            linepos_byte = BUF_BEGV_BYTE (b);
          }

        /* Count lines from base line to window start position.  */
        nlines = display_count_lines (linepos_byte,
                                      startpos_byte,
                                      startpos, &junk);

        topline = nlines + line;

        /* Determine a new base line, if the old one is too close
           or too far away, or if we did not have one.
           "Too close" means it's plausible a scroll-down would
           go back past it.  */
        if (startpos == BUF_BEGV (b))
          {
            w->base_line_number = topline;
            w->base_line_pos = BUF_BEGV (b);
          }
        else if (nlines < height + 25 || nlines > height * 3 + 50
                 || linepos == BUF_BEGV (b))
          {
            ptrdiff_t limit = BUF_BEGV (b);
            ptrdiff_t limit_byte = BUF_BEGV_BYTE (b);
            ptrdiff_t position;
            ptrdiff_t distance =
              (height * 2 + 30) * line_number_display_limit_width;

            if (startpos - distance > limit)
              {
                limit = startpos - distance;
                limit_byte = CHAR_TO_BYTE (limit);
              }

            nlines = display_count_lines (startpos_byte,
                                          limit_byte,
                                          - (height * 2 + 30),
                                          &position);
            /* If we couldn't find the lines we wanted within
               line_number_display_limit_width chars per line,
               give up on line numbers for this window.  */
            if (position == limit_byte && limit == startpos - distance)
              {
                w->base_line_pos = -1;
                w->base_line_number = 0;
                goto no_value;
              }

            w->base_line_number = topline - nlines;
            w->base_line_pos = BYTE_TO_CHAR (position);
          }

        /* Now count lines from the start pos to point.  */
        nlines = display_count_lines (startpos_byte,
                                      PT_BYTE, PT, &junk);

        /* Record that we did display the line number.  */
        line_number_displayed = true;

        /* Make the string to show.  */
        pint2str (decode_mode_spec_buf, width, topline + nlines);
        return decode_mode_spec_buf;
    no_value:
        {
          char *p = decode_mode_spec_buf;
          int pad = width - 2;
          while (pad-- > 0)
            *p++ = ' ';
          *p++ = '?';
          *p++ = '?';
          *p = '\0';
          return decode_mode_spec_buf;
        }
      }
      break;

    case 'm':
      obj = BVAR (b, mode_name);
      break;

    case 'n':
      if (BUF_BEGV (b) > BUF_BEG (b) || BUF_ZV (b) < BUF_Z (b))
        return " Narrow";
      break;

      /* Display the "degree of travel" of the window through the buffer.  */
    case 'o':
      {
        ptrdiff_t toppos = marker_position (w->start);
        ptrdiff_t botpos = BUF_Z (b) - w->window_end_pos;
        ptrdiff_t begv = BUF_BEGV (b);
        ptrdiff_t zv = BUF_ZV (b);

        if (zv <= botpos)
          return toppos <= begv ? "All" : "Bottom";
        else if (toppos <= begv)
          return "Top";
        else
          {
          sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf, "%2d%%",
                   percent99 (toppos - begv, (toppos - begv) + (zv - botpos)));
          return decode_mode_spec_buf;
          }
      }

      /* Display percentage of buffer above the top of the screen.  */
    case 'p':
      {
        ptrdiff_t pos = marker_position (w->start);
        ptrdiff_t begv = BUF_BEGV (b);
        ptrdiff_t zv = BUF_ZV (b);

        if (w->window_end_pos <= BUF_Z (b) - zv)
          return pos <= begv ? "All" : "Bottom";
        else if (pos <= begv)
          return "Top";
        else
          {
            sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf, "%2d%%",
                     percent99 (pos - begv, zv - begv));
            return decode_mode_spec_buf;
          }
      }

      /* Display percentage of size above the bottom of the screen.  */
    case 'P':
      {
        ptrdiff_t toppos = marker_position (w->start);
        ptrdiff_t botpos = BUF_Z (b) - w->window_end_pos;
        ptrdiff_t begv = BUF_BEGV (b);
        ptrdiff_t zv = BUF_ZV (b);

        if (zv <= botpos)
          return toppos <= begv ? "All" : "Bottom";
        else
          {
            sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf,
                     &"Top%2d%%"[begv < toppos ? sizeof "Top" - 1 : 0],
                     percent99 (botpos - begv, zv - begv));
            return decode_mode_spec_buf;
          }
      }

      /* Display percentage offsets of top and bottom of the window,
         using "All" (but not "Top" or "Bottom") where appropriate.  */
    case 'q':
      {
        ptrdiff_t toppos = marker_position (w->start);
        ptrdiff_t botpos = BUF_Z (b) - w->window_end_pos;
        ptrdiff_t begv = BUF_BEGV (b);
        ptrdiff_t zv = BUF_ZV (b);
        int top_perc, bot_perc;

        if ((toppos <= begv) && (zv <= botpos))
          return "All   ";

        top_perc = toppos <= begv ? 0 : percent99 (toppos - begv, zv - begv);
        bot_perc = zv <= botpos ? 100 : percent99 (botpos - begv, zv - begv);

        if (top_perc == bot_perc)
          sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf, "%d%%", top_perc);
        else
          sprintf (decode_mode_spec_buf, "%d-%d%%", top_perc, bot_perc);

        return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }

    case 's':
      /* status of process */
      obj = Fget_buffer_process (Fcurrent_buffer ());
      if (NILP (obj))
        return "no process";
#ifndef MSDOS
      obj = Fsymbol_name (Fprocess_status (obj));
#endif
      break;

    case '@':
      {
        ptrdiff_t count = inhibit_garbage_collection ();
        Lisp_Object curdir = BVAR (current_buffer, directory);
        Lisp_Object val = Qnil;

        if (STRINGP (curdir))
          val = call1 (intern ("file-remote-p"), curdir);

        unbind_to (count, Qnil);

        if (NILP (val))
          return "-";
        else
          return "@";
      }

    case 'z':
      /* coding-system (not including end-of-line format) */
    case 'Z':
      /* coding-system (including end-of-line type) */
      {
        bool eol_flag = (c == 'Z');
        char *p = decode_mode_spec_buf;

        if (! FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
          {
            /* No need to mention EOL here--the terminal never needs
               to do EOL conversion.  */
            p = decode_mode_spec_coding (CODING_ID_NAME
                                         (FRAME_KEYBOARD_CODING (f)->id),
                                         p, false);
            p = decode_mode_spec_coding (CODING_ID_NAME
                                         (FRAME_TERMINAL_CODING (f)->id),
                                         p, false);
          }
        p = decode_mode_spec_coding (BVAR (b, buffer_file_coding_system),
                                     p, eol_flag);

#if false /* This proves to be annoying; I think we can do without. -- rms.  */
#ifdef subprocesses
        obj = Fget_buffer_process (Fcurrent_buffer ());
        if (PROCESSP (obj))
          {
            p = decode_mode_spec_coding
              (XPROCESS (obj)->decode_coding_system, p, eol_flag);
            p = decode_mode_spec_coding
              (XPROCESS (obj)->encode_coding_system, p, eol_flag);
          }
#endif /* subprocesses */
#endif /* false */
        *p = 0;
        return decode_mode_spec_buf;
      }
    }

  if (STRINGP (obj))
    {
      *string = obj;
      return SSDATA (obj);
    }
  else
    return "";
}


/* Count up to COUNT lines starting from START_BYTE.  COUNT negative
   means count lines back from START_BYTE.  But don't go beyond
   LIMIT_BYTE.  Return the number of lines thus found (always
   nonnegative).

   Set *BYTE_POS_PTR to the byte position where we stopped.  This is
   either the position COUNT lines after/before START_BYTE, if we
   found COUNT lines, or LIMIT_BYTE if we hit the limit before finding
   COUNT lines.  */

static ptrdiff_t
display_count_lines (ptrdiff_t start_byte,
                     ptrdiff_t limit_byte, ptrdiff_t count,
                     ptrdiff_t *byte_pos_ptr)
{
  register unsigned char *cursor;
  unsigned char *base;

  register ptrdiff_t ceiling;
  register unsigned char *ceiling_addr;
  ptrdiff_t orig_count = count;

  /* If we are not in selective display mode,
     check only for newlines.  */
  bool selective_display
    = (!NILP (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display))
       && !INTEGERP (BVAR (current_buffer, selective_display)));

  if (count > 0)
    {
      while (start_byte < limit_byte)
        {
          ceiling =  BUFFER_CEILING_OF (start_byte);
          ceiling = min (limit_byte - 1, ceiling);
          ceiling_addr = BYTE_POS_ADDR (ceiling) + 1;
          base = (cursor = BYTE_POS_ADDR (start_byte));

          do
            {
              if (selective_display)
                {
                  while (*cursor != '\n' && *cursor != 015
                         && ++cursor != ceiling_addr)
                    continue;
                  if (cursor == ceiling_addr)
                    break;
                }
              else
                {
                  cursor = memchr (cursor, '\n', ceiling_addr - cursor);
                  if (! cursor)
                    break;
                }

              cursor++;

              if (--count == 0)
                {
                  start_byte += cursor - base;
                  *byte_pos_ptr = start_byte;
                  return orig_count;
                }
            }
          while (cursor < ceiling_addr);

          start_byte += ceiling_addr - base;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      while (start_byte > limit_byte)
        {
          ceiling = BUFFER_FLOOR_OF (start_byte - 1);
          ceiling = max (limit_byte, ceiling);
          ceiling_addr = BYTE_POS_ADDR (ceiling);
          base = (cursor = BYTE_POS_ADDR (start_byte - 1) + 1);
          while (true)
            {
              if (selective_display)
                {
                  while (--cursor >= ceiling_addr
                         && *cursor != '\n' && *cursor != 015)
                    continue;
                  if (cursor < ceiling_addr)
                    break;
                }
              else
                {
                  cursor = memrchr (ceiling_addr, '\n', cursor - ceiling_addr);
                  if (! cursor)
                    break;
                }

              if (++count == 0)
                {
                  start_byte += cursor - base + 1;
                  *byte_pos_ptr = start_byte;
                  /* When scanning backwards, we should
                     not count the newline posterior to which we stop.  */
                  return - orig_count - 1;
                }
            }
          start_byte += ceiling_addr - base;
        }
    }

  *byte_pos_ptr = limit_byte;

  if (count < 0)
    return - orig_count + count;
  return orig_count - count;

}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                         Displaying strings
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Display a NUL-terminated string, starting with index START.

   If STRING is non-null, display that C string.  Otherwise, the Lisp
   string LISP_STRING is displayed.  There's a case that STRING is
   non-null and LISP_STRING is not nil.  It means STRING is a string
   data of LISP_STRING.  In that case, we display LISP_STRING while
   ignoring its text properties.

   If FACE_STRING is not nil, FACE_STRING_POS is a position in
   FACE_STRING.  Display STRING or LISP_STRING with the face at
   FACE_STRING_POS in FACE_STRING:

   Display the string in the environment given by IT, but use the
   standard display table, temporarily.

   FIELD_WIDTH is the minimum number of output glyphs to produce.
   If STRING has fewer characters than FIELD_WIDTH, pad to the right
   with spaces.  If STRING has more characters, more than FIELD_WIDTH
   glyphs will be produced.  FIELD_WIDTH <= 0 means don't pad.

   PRECISION is the maximum number of characters to output from
   STRING.  PRECISION < 0  means don't truncate the string.

   This is roughly equivalent to printf format specifiers:

   FIELD_WIDTH  PRECISION       PRINTF
   ----------------------------------------
   -1           -1              %s
   -1           10              %.10s
   10           -1              %10s
   20           10              %20.10s

   MULTIBYTE zero means do not display multibyte chars, > 0 means do
   display them, and < 0 means obey the current buffer's value of
   enable_multibyte_characters.

   Value is the number of columns displayed.  */

static int
display_string (const char *string, Lisp_Object lisp_string, Lisp_Object face_string,
                ptrdiff_t face_string_pos, ptrdiff_t start, struct it *it,
                int field_width, int precision, int max_x, int multibyte)
{
  int hpos_at_start = it->hpos;
  int saved_face_id = it->face_id;
  struct glyph_row *row = it->glyph_row;
  ptrdiff_t it_charpos;

  /* Initialize the iterator IT for iteration over STRING beginning
     with index START.  */
  reseat_to_string (it, NILP (lisp_string) ? string : NULL, lisp_string, start,
                    precision, field_width, multibyte);
  if (string && STRINGP (lisp_string))
    /* LISP_STRING is the one returned by decode_mode_spec.  We should
       ignore its text properties.  */
    it->stop_charpos = it->end_charpos;

  /* If displaying STRING, set up the face of the iterator from
     FACE_STRING, if that's given.  */
  if (STRINGP (face_string))
    {
      ptrdiff_t endptr;
      struct face *face;

      it->face_id
        = face_at_string_position (it->w, face_string, face_string_pos,
                                   0, &endptr, it->base_face_id, false);
      face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
      it->face_box_p = face->box != FACE_NO_BOX;
    }

  /* Set max_x to the maximum allowed X position.  Don't let it go
     beyond the right edge of the window.  */
  if (max_x <= 0)
    max_x = it->last_visible_x;
  else
    max_x = min (max_x, it->last_visible_x);

  /* Skip over display elements that are not visible. because IT->w is
     hscrolled.  */
  if (it->current_x < it->first_visible_x)
    move_it_in_display_line_to (it, 100000, it->first_visible_x,
                                MOVE_TO_POS | MOVE_TO_X);

  row->ascent = it->max_ascent;
  row->height = it->max_ascent + it->max_descent;
  row->phys_ascent = it->max_phys_ascent;
  row->phys_height = it->max_phys_ascent + it->max_phys_descent;
  row->extra_line_spacing = it->max_extra_line_spacing;

  if (STRINGP (it->string))
    it_charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
  else
    it_charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

  /* This condition is for the case that we are called with current_x
     past last_visible_x.  */
  while (it->current_x < max_x)
    {
      int x_before, x, n_glyphs_before, i, nglyphs;

      /* Get the next display element.  */
      if (!get_next_display_element (it))
        break;

      /* Produce glyphs.  */
      x_before = it->current_x;
      n_glyphs_before = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (it);

      nglyphs = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - n_glyphs_before;
      i = 0;
      x = x_before;
      while (i < nglyphs)
        {
          struct glyph *glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + n_glyphs_before + i;

          if (it->line_wrap != TRUNCATE
              && x + glyph->pixel_width > max_x)
            {
              /* End of continued line or max_x reached.  */
              if (CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (*glyph))
                {
                  /* A wide character is unbreakable.  */
                  if (row->reversed_p)
                    unproduce_glyphs (it, row->used[TEXT_AREA]
                                      - n_glyphs_before);
                  row->used[TEXT_AREA] = n_glyphs_before;
                  it->current_x = x_before;
                }
              else
                {
                  if (row->reversed_p)
                    unproduce_glyphs (it, row->used[TEXT_AREA]
                                      - (n_glyphs_before + i));
                  row->used[TEXT_AREA] = n_glyphs_before + i;
                  it->current_x = x;
                }
              break;
            }
          else if (x + glyph->pixel_width >= it->first_visible_x)
            {
              /* Glyph is at least partially visible.  */
              ++it->hpos;
              if (x < it->first_visible_x)
                row->x = x - it->first_visible_x;
            }
          else
            {
              /* Glyph is off the left margin of the display area.
                 Should not happen.  */
              emacs_abort ();
            }

          row->ascent = max (row->ascent, it->max_ascent);
          row->height = max (row->height, it->max_ascent + it->max_descent);
          row->phys_ascent = max (row->phys_ascent, it->max_phys_ascent);
          row->phys_height = max (row->phys_height,
                                  it->max_phys_ascent + it->max_phys_descent);
          row->extra_line_spacing = max (row->extra_line_spacing,
                                         it->max_extra_line_spacing);
          x += glyph->pixel_width;
          ++i;
        }

      /* Stop if max_x reached.  */
      if (i < nglyphs)
        break;

      /* Stop at line ends.  */
      if (ITERATOR_AT_END_OF_LINE_P (it))
        {
          it->continuation_lines_width = 0;
          break;
        }

      set_iterator_to_next (it, true);
      if (STRINGP (it->string))
        it_charpos = IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it);
      else
        it_charpos = IT_CHARPOS (*it);

      /* Stop if truncating at the right edge.  */
      if (it->line_wrap == TRUNCATE
          && it->current_x >= it->last_visible_x)
        {
          /* Add truncation mark, but don't do it if the line is
             truncated at a padding space.  */
          if (it_charpos < it->string_nchars)
            {
              if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
                {
                  int ii, n;

                  if (it->current_x > it->last_visible_x)
                    {
                      if (!row->reversed_p)
                        {
                          for (ii = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1; ii > 0; --ii)
                            if (!CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][ii]))
                              break;
                        }
                      else
                        {
                          for (ii = 0; ii < row->used[TEXT_AREA]; ii++)
                            if (!CHAR_GLYPH_PADDING_P (row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA][ii]))
                              break;
                          unproduce_glyphs (it, ii + 1);
                          ii = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - (ii + 1);
                        }
                      for (n = row->used[TEXT_AREA]; ii < n; ++ii)
                        {
                          row->used[TEXT_AREA] = ii;
                          produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_TRUNCATION);
                        }
                    }
                  produce_special_glyphs (it, IT_TRUNCATION);
                }
              row->truncated_on_right_p = true;
            }
          break;
        }
    }

  /* Maybe insert a truncation at the left.  */
  if (it->first_visible_x
      && it_charpos > 0)
    {
      if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
          || (row->reversed_p
              ? WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
              : WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)) == 0)
        insert_left_trunc_glyphs (it);
      row->truncated_on_left_p = true;
    }

  it->face_id = saved_face_id;

  /* Value is number of columns displayed.  */
  return it->hpos - hpos_at_start;
}


\f
/* This is like a combination of memq and assq.  Return 1/2 if PROPVAL
   appears as an element of LIST or as the car of an element of LIST.
   If PROPVAL is a list, compare each element against LIST in that
   way, and return 1/2 if any element of PROPVAL is found in LIST.
   Otherwise return 0.  This function cannot quit.
   The return value is 2 if the text is invisible but with an ellipsis
   and 1 if it's invisible and without an ellipsis.  */

int
invisible_prop (Lisp_Object propval, Lisp_Object list)
{
  Lisp_Object tail, proptail;

  for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCDR (tail))
    {
      register Lisp_Object tem;
      tem = XCAR (tail);
      if (EQ (propval, tem))
        return 1;
      if (CONSP (tem) && EQ (propval, XCAR (tem)))
        return NILP (XCDR (tem)) ? 1 : 2;
    }

  if (CONSP (propval))
    {
      for (proptail = propval; CONSP (proptail); proptail = XCDR (proptail))
        {
          Lisp_Object propelt;
          propelt = XCAR (proptail);
          for (tail = list; CONSP (tail); tail = XCDR (tail))
            {
              register Lisp_Object tem;
              tem = XCAR (tail);
              if (EQ (propelt, tem))
                return 1;
              if (CONSP (tem) && EQ (propelt, XCAR (tem)))
                return NILP (XCDR (tem)) ? 1 : 2;
            }
        }
    }

  return 0;
}

DEFUN ("invisible-p", Finvisible_p, Sinvisible_p, 1, 1, 0,
       doc: /* Non-nil if text properties at POS cause text there to be currently invisible.
POS should be a marker or a buffer position; the value of the `invisible'
property at that position in the current buffer is examined.
POS can also be the actual value of the `invisible' text or overlay
property of the text of interest, in which case the value itself is
examined.

The non-nil value returned can be t for currently invisible text that is
entirely hidden on display, or some other non-nil, non-t value if the
text is replaced by an ellipsis.

Note that whether text with `invisible' property is actually hidden on
display may depend on `buffer-invisibility-spec', which see.  */)
  (Lisp_Object pos)
{
  Lisp_Object prop
    = (NATNUMP (pos) || MARKERP (pos)
       ? Fget_char_property (pos, Qinvisible, Qnil)
       : pos);
  int invis = TEXT_PROP_MEANS_INVISIBLE (prop);
  return (invis == 0 ? Qnil
          : invis == 1 ? Qt
          : make_number (invis));
}

/* Calculate a width or height in pixels from a specification using
   the following elements:

   SPEC ::=
     NUM      - a (fractional) multiple of the default font width/height
     (NUM)    - specifies exactly NUM pixels
     UNIT     - a fixed number of pixels, see below.
     ELEMENT  - size of a display element in pixels, see below.
     (NUM . SPEC) - equals NUM * SPEC
     (+ SPEC SPEC ...)  - add pixel values
     (- SPEC SPEC ...)  - subtract pixel values
     (- SPEC)           - negate pixel value

   NUM ::=
     INT or FLOAT   - a number constant
     SYMBOL         - use symbol's (buffer local) variable binding.

   UNIT ::=
     in       - pixels per inch  *)
     mm       - pixels per 1/1000 meter  *)
     cm       - pixels per 1/100 meter   *)
     width    - width of current font in pixels.
     height   - height of current font in pixels.

     *) using the ratio(s) defined in display-pixels-per-inch.

   ELEMENT ::=

     left-fringe          - left fringe width in pixels
     right-fringe         - right fringe width in pixels

     left-margin          - left margin width in pixels
     right-margin         - right margin width in pixels

     scroll-bar           - scroll-bar area width in pixels

   Examples:

   Pixels corresponding to 5 inches:
     (5 . in)

   Total width of non-text areas on left side of window (if scroll-bar is on left):
     '(space :width (+ left-fringe left-margin scroll-bar))

   Align to first text column (in header line):
     '(space :align-to 0)

   Align to middle of text area minus half the width of variable `my-image'
   containing a loaded image:
     '(space :align-to (0.5 . (- text my-image)))

   Width of left margin minus width of 1 character in the default font:
     '(space :width (- left-margin 1))

   Width of left margin minus width of 2 characters in the current font:
     '(space :width (- left-margin (2 . width)))

   Center 1 character over left-margin (in header line):
     '(space :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin) -0.5))

   Different ways to express width of left fringe plus left margin minus one pixel:
     '(space :width (- (+ left-fringe left-margin) (1)))
     '(space :width (+ left-fringe left-margin (- (1))))
     '(space :width (+ left-fringe left-margin (-1)))

   If ALIGN_TO is NULL, returns the result in *RES.  If ALIGN_TO is
   non-NULL, the value of *ALIGN_TO is a window-relative pixel
   coordinate, and *RES is the additional pixel width from that point
   till the end of the stretch glyph.

   WIDTH_P non-zero means take the width dimension or X coordinate of
   the object specified by PROP, WIDTH_P zero means take the height
   dimension or the Y coordinate.  (Therefore, if ALIGN_TO is
   non-NULL, WIDTH_P should be non-zero.)

   FONT is the font of the face of the surrounding text.

   The return value is non-zero if width or height were successfully
   calculated, i.e. if PROP is a valid spec.  */

static bool
calc_pixel_width_or_height (double *res, struct it *it, Lisp_Object prop,
                            struct font *font, bool width_p, int *align_to)
{
  double pixels;

# define OK_PIXELS(val) (*res = (val), true)
# define OK_ALIGN_TO(val) (*align_to = (val), true)

  if (NILP (prop))
    return OK_PIXELS (0);

  eassert (FRAME_LIVE_P (it->f));

  if (SYMBOLP (prop))
    {
      if (SCHARS (SYMBOL_NAME (prop)) == 2)
        {
          char *unit = SSDATA (SYMBOL_NAME (prop));

          /* The UNIT expression, e.g. as part of (NUM . UNIT).  */
          if (unit[0] == 'i' && unit[1] == 'n')
            pixels = 1.0;
          else if (unit[0] == 'm' && unit[1] == 'm')
            pixels = 25.4;
          else if (unit[0] == 'c' && unit[1] == 'm')
            pixels = 2.54;
          else
            pixels = 0;
          if (pixels > 0)
            {
              double ppi = (width_p ? FRAME_RES_X (it->f)
                            : FRAME_RES_Y (it->f));

              if (ppi > 0)
                return OK_PIXELS (ppi / pixels);
              return false;
            }
        }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      /* 'height': the height of FONT.  */
      if (EQ (prop, Qheight))
        return OK_PIXELS (font
                          ? normal_char_height (font, -1)
                          : FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (it->f));
      /* 'width': the width of FONT.  */
      if (EQ (prop, Qwidth))
        return OK_PIXELS (font
                          ? FONT_WIDTH (font)
                          : FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f));
#else
      if (EQ (prop, Qheight) || EQ (prop, Qwidth))
        return OK_PIXELS (1);
#endif

      /* 'text': the width or height of the text area.  */
      if (EQ (prop, Qtext))
          return OK_PIXELS (width_p
                            ? (window_box_width (it->w, TEXT_AREA)
                               - it->lnum_pixel_width)
                            : WINDOW_BOX_HEIGHT_NO_MODE_LINE (it->w));

      /* ':align_to'.  First time we compute the value, window
         elements are interpreted as the position of the element's
         left edge.  */
      if (align_to && *align_to < 0)
        {
          *res = 0;
          /* 'left': left edge of the text area.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qleft))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (window_box_left_offset (it->w, TEXT_AREA)
                                + it->lnum_pixel_width);
          /* 'right': right edge of the text area.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qright))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (window_box_right_offset (it->w, TEXT_AREA));
          /* 'center': the center of the text area.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qcenter))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (window_box_left_offset (it->w, TEXT_AREA)
                                + it->lnum_pixel_width
                                + window_box_width (it->w, TEXT_AREA) / 2);
          /* 'left-fringe': left edge of the left fringe.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qleft_fringe))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (it->w)
                                ? WINDOW_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_WIDTH (it->w)
                                : window_box_right_offset (it->w, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA));
          /* 'right-fringe': left edge of the right fringe.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qright_fringe))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (it->w)
                                ? window_box_right_offset (it->w, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA)
                                : window_box_right_offset (it->w, TEXT_AREA));
          /* 'left-margin': left edge of the left display margin.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qleft_margin))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (window_box_left_offset (it->w, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA));
          /* 'right-margin': left edge of the right display margin.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qright_margin))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (window_box_left_offset (it->w, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA));
          /* 'scroll-bar': left edge of the vertical scroll bar.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qscroll_bar))
            return OK_ALIGN_TO (WINDOW_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR_ON_LEFT (it->w)
                                ? 0
                                : (window_box_right_offset (it->w, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA)
                                   + (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (it->w)
                                      ? WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w)
                                      : 0)));
        }
      else
        {
          /* Otherwise, the elements stand for their width.  */
          if (EQ (prop, Qleft_fringe))
            return OK_PIXELS (WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w));
          if (EQ (prop, Qright_fringe))
            return OK_PIXELS (WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (it->w));
          if (EQ (prop, Qleft_margin))
            return OK_PIXELS (WINDOW_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w));
          if (EQ (prop, Qright_margin))
            return OK_PIXELS (WINDOW_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDTH (it->w));
          if (EQ (prop, Qscroll_bar))
            return OK_PIXELS (WINDOW_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_WIDTH (it->w));
        }

      prop = buffer_local_value (prop, it->w->contents);
      if (EQ (prop, Qunbound))
        prop = Qnil;
    }

  if (NUMBERP (prop))
    {
      int base_unit = (width_p
                       ? FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f)
                       : FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (it->f));
      if (width_p && align_to && *align_to < 0)
        return OK_PIXELS (XFLOATINT (prop) * base_unit + it->lnum_pixel_width);
      return OK_PIXELS (XFLOATINT (prop) * base_unit);
    }

  if (CONSP (prop))
    {
      Lisp_Object car = XCAR (prop);
      Lisp_Object cdr = XCDR (prop);

      if (SYMBOLP (car))
        {
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
          /* '(image PROPS...)': width or height of the specified image.  */
          if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f)
              && valid_image_p (prop))
            {
              ptrdiff_t id = lookup_image (it->f, prop);
              struct image *img = IMAGE_FROM_ID (it->f, id);

              return OK_PIXELS (width_p ? img->width : img->height);
            }
          /* '(xwidget PROPS...)': dimensions of the specified xwidget.  */
          if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f) && valid_xwidget_spec_p (prop))
            {
              /* TODO: Don't return dummy size.  */
              return OK_PIXELS (100);
            }
#endif
          /* '(+ EXPR...)' or '(- EXPR...)' add or subtract
             recursively calculated values.  */
          if (EQ (car, Qplus) || EQ (car, Qminus))
            {
              bool first = true;
              double px;

              pixels = 0;
              while (CONSP (cdr))
                {
                  if (!calc_pixel_width_or_height (&px, it, XCAR (cdr),
                                                   font, width_p, align_to))
                    return false;
                  if (first)
                    pixels = (EQ (car, Qplus) ? px : -px), first = false;
                  else
                    pixels += px;
                  cdr = XCDR (cdr);
                }
              if (EQ (car, Qminus))
                pixels = -pixels;
              return OK_PIXELS (pixels);
            }

          car = buffer_local_value (car, it->w->contents);
          if (EQ (car, Qunbound))
            car = Qnil;
        }

      /* '(NUM)': absolute number of pixels.  */
      if (NUMBERP (car))
        {
          double fact;
          int offset =
            width_p && align_to && *align_to < 0 ? it->lnum_pixel_width : 0;
          pixels = XFLOATINT (car);
          if (NILP (cdr))
            return OK_PIXELS (pixels + offset);
          if (calc_pixel_width_or_height (&fact, it, cdr,
                                          font, width_p, align_to))
            return OK_PIXELS (pixels * fact + offset);
          return false;
        }

      return false;
    }

  return false;
}

void
get_font_ascent_descent (struct font *font, int *ascent, int *descent)
{
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  normal_char_ascent_descent (font, -1, ascent, descent);
#else
  *ascent = 1;
  *descent = 0;
#endif
}

\f
/***********************************************************************
                             Glyph Display
 ***********************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG

void
dump_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  fprintf (stderr, "glyph string\n");
  fprintf (stderr, "  x, y, w, h = %d, %d, %d, %d\n",
           s->x, s->y, s->width, s->height);
  fprintf (stderr, "  ybase = %d\n", s->ybase);
  fprintf (stderr, "  hl = %u\n", s->hl);
  fprintf (stderr, "  left overhang = %d, right = %d\n",
           s->left_overhang, s->right_overhang);
  fprintf (stderr, "  nchars = %d\n", s->nchars);
  fprintf (stderr, "  extends to end of line = %d\n",
           s->extends_to_end_of_line_p);
  fprintf (stderr, "  font height = %d\n", FONT_HEIGHT (s->font));
  fprintf (stderr, "  bg width = %d\n", s->background_width);
}

#endif /* GLYPH_DEBUG */

/* Initialize glyph string S.  CHAR2B is a suitably allocated vector
   of XChar2b structures for S; it can't be allocated in
   init_glyph_string because it must be allocated via `alloca'.  W
   is the window on which S is drawn.  ROW and AREA are the glyph row
   and area within the row from which S is constructed.  START is the
   index of the first glyph structure covered by S.  HL is a
   face-override for drawing S.  */

#ifdef HAVE_NTGUI
#define OPTIONAL_HDC(hdc)  HDC hdc,
#define DECLARE_HDC(hdc)   HDC hdc;
#define ALLOCATE_HDC(hdc, f) hdc = get_frame_dc ((f))
#define RELEASE_HDC(hdc, f)  release_frame_dc ((f), (hdc))
#endif

#ifndef OPTIONAL_HDC
#define OPTIONAL_HDC(hdc)
#define DECLARE_HDC(hdc)
#define ALLOCATE_HDC(hdc, f)
#define RELEASE_HDC(hdc, f)
#endif

static void
init_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s,
                   OPTIONAL_HDC (hdc)
                   XChar2b *char2b, struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row,
                   enum glyph_row_area area, int start, enum draw_glyphs_face hl)
{
  memset (s, 0, sizeof *s);
  s->w = w;
  s->f = XFRAME (w->frame);
#ifdef HAVE_NTGUI
  s->hdc = hdc;
#endif
  s->display = FRAME_X_DISPLAY (s->f);
  s->char2b = char2b;
  s->hl = hl;
  s->row = row;
  s->area = area;
  s->first_glyph = row->glyphs[area] + start;
  s->height = row->height;
  s->y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (w, row->y);
  s->ybase = s->y + row->ascent;
}


/* Append the list of glyph strings with head H and tail T to the list
   with head *HEAD and tail *TAIL.  Set *HEAD and *TAIL to the result.  */

static void
append_glyph_string_lists (struct glyph_string **head, struct glyph_string **tail,
                           struct glyph_string *h, struct glyph_string *t)
{
  if (h)
    {
      if (*head)
        (*tail)->next = h;
      else
        *head = h;
      h->prev = *tail;
      *tail = t;
    }
}


/* Prepend the list of glyph strings with head H and tail T to the
   list with head *HEAD and tail *TAIL.  Set *HEAD and *TAIL to the
   result.  */

static void
prepend_glyph_string_lists (struct glyph_string **head, struct glyph_string **tail,
                            struct glyph_string *h, struct glyph_string *t)
{
  if (h)
    {
      if (*head)
        (*head)->prev = t;
      else
        *tail = t;
      t->next = *head;
      *head = h;
    }
}


/* Append glyph string S to the list with head *HEAD and tail *TAIL.
   Set *HEAD and *TAIL to the resulting list.  */

static void
append_glyph_string (struct glyph_string **head, struct glyph_string **tail,
                     struct glyph_string *s)
{
  s->next = s->prev = NULL;
  append_glyph_string_lists (head, tail, s, s);
}


/* Get face and two-byte form of character C in face FACE_ID on frame F.
   The encoding of C is returned in *CHAR2B.  DISPLAY_P means
   make sure that X resources for the face returned are allocated.
   Value is a pointer to a realized face that is ready for display if
   DISPLAY_P.  */

static struct face *
get_char_face_and_encoding (struct frame *f, int c, int face_id,
                            XChar2b *char2b, bool display_p)
{
  struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (f, face_id);
  unsigned code = 0;

  if (face->font)
    {
      code = face->font->driver->encode_char (face->font, c);

      if (code == FONT_INVALID_CODE)
        code = 0;
    }
  STORE_XCHAR2B (char2b, (code >> 8), (code & 0xFF));

  /* Make sure X resources of the face are allocated.  */
#ifdef HAVE_X_WINDOWS
  if (display_p)
#endif
    {
      eassert (face != NULL);
      prepare_face_for_display (f, face);
    }

  return face;
}


/* Get face and two-byte form of character glyph GLYPH on frame F.
   The encoding of GLYPH->u.ch is returned in *CHAR2B.  Value is
   a pointer to a realized face that is ready for display.  */

static struct face *
get_glyph_face_and_encoding (struct frame *f, struct glyph *glyph,
                             XChar2b *char2b)
{
  struct face *face;
  unsigned code = 0;

  eassert (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH);
  face = FACE_FROM_ID (f, glyph->face_id);

  /* Make sure X resources of the face are allocated.  */
  prepare_face_for_display (f, face);

  if (face->font)
    {
      if (CHAR_BYTE8_P (glyph->u.ch))
        code = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (glyph->u.ch);
      else
        code = face->font->driver->encode_char (face->font, glyph->u.ch);

      if (code == FONT_INVALID_CODE)
        code = 0;
    }

  STORE_XCHAR2B (char2b, (code >> 8), (code & 0xFF));
  return face;
}


/* Get glyph code of character C in FONT in the two-byte form CHAR2B.
   Return true iff FONT has a glyph for C.  */

static bool
get_char_glyph_code (int c, struct font *font, XChar2b *char2b)
{
  unsigned code;

  if (CHAR_BYTE8_P (c))
    code = CHAR_TO_BYTE8 (c);
  else
    code = font->driver->encode_char (font, c);

  if (code == FONT_INVALID_CODE)
    return false;
  STORE_XCHAR2B (char2b, (code >> 8), (code & 0xFF));
  return true;
}


/* Fill glyph string S with composition components specified by S->cmp.

   BASE_FACE is the base face of the composition.
   S->cmp_from is the index of the first component for S.

   OVERLAPS non-zero means S should draw the foreground only, and use
   its physical height for clipping.  See also draw_glyphs.

   Value is the index of a component not in S.  */

static int
fill_composite_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s, struct face *base_face,
                             int overlaps)
{
  int i;
  /* For all glyphs of this composition, starting at the offset
     S->cmp_from, until we reach the end of the definition or encounter a
     glyph that requires the different face, add it to S.  */
  struct face *face;

  eassert (s);

  s->for_overlaps = overlaps;
  s->face = NULL;
  s->font = NULL;
  for (i = s->cmp_from; i < s->cmp->glyph_len; i++)
    {
      int c = COMPOSITION_GLYPH (s->cmp, i);

      /* TAB in a composition means display glyphs with padding space
         on the left or right.  */
      if (c != '\t')
        {
          int face_id = FACE_FOR_CHAR (s->f, base_face->ascii_face, c,
                                       -1, Qnil);

          face = get_char_face_and_encoding (s->f, c, face_id,
                                             s->char2b + i, true);
          if (face)
            {
              if (! s->face)
                {
                  s->face = face;
                  s->font = s->face->font;
                }
              else if (s->face != face)
                break;
            }
        }
      ++s->nchars;
    }
  s->cmp_to = i;

  if (s->face == NULL)
    {
      s->face = base_face->ascii_face;
      s->font = s->face->font;
    }

  /* All glyph strings for the same composition has the same width,
     i.e. the width set for the first component of the composition.  */
  s->width = s->first_glyph->pixel_width;

  /* If the specified font could not be loaded, use the frame's
     default font, but record the fact that we couldn't load it in
     the glyph string so that we can draw rectangles for the
     characters of the glyph string.  */
  if (s->font == NULL)
    {
      s->font_not_found_p = true;
      s->font = FRAME_FONT (s->f);
    }

  /* Adjust base line for subscript/superscript text.  */
  s->ybase += s->first_glyph->voffset;

  return s->cmp_to;
}

static int
fill_gstring_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s, int face_id,
                           int start, int end, int overlaps)
{
  struct glyph *glyph, *last;
  Lisp_Object lgstring;
  int i;

  s->for_overlaps = overlaps;
  glyph = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + start;
  last = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + end;
  s->cmp_id = glyph->u.cmp.id;
  s->cmp_from = glyph->slice.cmp.from;
  s->cmp_to = glyph->slice.cmp.to + 1;
  s->face = FACE_FROM_ID (s->f, face_id);
  lgstring = composition_gstring_from_id (s->cmp_id);
  s->font = XFONT_OBJECT (LGSTRING_FONT (lgstring));
  glyph++;
  while (glyph < last
         && glyph->u.cmp.automatic
         && glyph->u.cmp.id == s->cmp_id
         && s->cmp_to == glyph->slice.cmp.from)
    s->cmp_to = (glyph++)->slice.cmp.to + 1;

  for (i = s->cmp_from; i < s->cmp_to; i++)
    {
      Lisp_Object lglyph = LGSTRING_GLYPH (lgstring, i);
      unsigned code = LGLYPH_CODE (lglyph);

      STORE_XCHAR2B ((s->char2b + i), code >> 8, code & 0xFF);
    }
  s->width = composition_gstring_width (lgstring, s->cmp_from, s->cmp_to, NULL);
  return glyph - s->row->glyphs[s->area];
}


/* Fill glyph string S from a sequence glyphs for glyphless characters.
   See the comment of fill_glyph_string for arguments.
   Value is the index of the first glyph not in S.  */


static int
fill_glyphless_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s, int face_id,
                             int start, int end, int overlaps)
{
  struct glyph *glyph, *last;
  int voffset;

  eassert (s->first_glyph->type == GLYPHLESS_GLYPH);
  s->for_overlaps = overlaps;
  glyph = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + start;
  last = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + end;
  voffset = glyph->voffset;
  s->face = FACE_FROM_ID (s->f, face_id);
  s->font = s->face->font ? s->face->font : FRAME_FONT (s->f);
  s->nchars = 1;
  s->width = glyph->pixel_width;
  glyph++;
  while (glyph < last
         && glyph->type == GLYPHLESS_GLYPH
         && glyph->voffset == voffset
         && glyph->face_id == face_id)
    {
      s->nchars++;
      s->width += glyph->pixel_width;
      glyph++;
    }
  s->ybase += voffset;
  return glyph - s->row->glyphs[s->area];
}


/* Fill glyph string S from a sequence of character glyphs.

   FACE_ID is the face id of the string.  START is the index of the
   first glyph to consider, END is the index of the last + 1.
   OVERLAPS non-zero means S should draw the foreground only, and use
   its physical height for clipping.  See also draw_glyphs.

   Value is the index of the first glyph not in S.  */

static int
fill_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s, int face_id,
                   int start, int end, int overlaps)
{
  struct glyph *glyph, *last;
  int voffset;
  bool glyph_not_available_p;

  eassert (s->f == XFRAME (s->w->frame));
  eassert (s->nchars == 0);
  eassert (start >= 0 && end > start);

  s->for_overlaps = overlaps;
  glyph = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + start;
  last = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + end;
  voffset = glyph->voffset;
  s->padding_p = glyph->padding_p;
  glyph_not_available_p = glyph->glyph_not_available_p;

  while (glyph < last
         && glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH
         && glyph->voffset == voffset
         /* Same face id implies same font, nowadays.  */
         && glyph->face_id == face_id
         && glyph->glyph_not_available_p == glyph_not_available_p)
    {
      s->face = get_glyph_face_and_encoding (s->f, glyph,
                                             s->char2b + s->nchars);
      ++s->nchars;
      eassert (s->nchars <= end - start);
      s->width += glyph->pixel_width;
      if (glyph++->padding_p != s->padding_p)
        break;
    }

  s->font = s->face->font;

  /* If the specified font could not be loaded, use the frame's font,
     but record the fact that we couldn't load it in
     S->font_not_found_p so that we can draw rectangles for the
     characters of the glyph string.  */
  if (s->font == NULL || glyph_not_available_p)
    {
      s->font_not_found_p = true;
      s->font = FRAME_FONT (s->f);
    }

  /* Adjust base line for subscript/superscript text.  */
  s->ybase += voffset;

  eassert (s->face && s->face->gc);
  return glyph - s->row->glyphs[s->area];
}


/* Fill glyph string S from image glyph S->first_glyph.  */

static void
fill_image_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  eassert (s->first_glyph->type == IMAGE_GLYPH);
  s->img = IMAGE_FROM_ID (s->f, s->first_glyph->u.img_id);
  eassert (s->img);
  s->slice = s->first_glyph->slice.img;
  s->face = FACE_FROM_ID (s->f, s->first_glyph->face_id);
  s->font = s->face->font;
  s->width = s->first_glyph->pixel_width;

  /* Adjust base line for subscript/superscript text.  */
  s->ybase += s->first_glyph->voffset;
}


#ifdef HAVE_XWIDGETS
static void
fill_xwidget_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  eassert (s->first_glyph->type == XWIDGET_GLYPH);
  s->face = FACE_FROM_ID (s->f, s->first_glyph->face_id);
  s->font = s->face->font;
  s->width = s->first_glyph->pixel_width;
  s->ybase += s->first_glyph->voffset;
  s->xwidget = s->first_glyph->u.xwidget;
}
#endif
/* Fill glyph string S from a sequence of stretch glyphs.

   START is the index of the first glyph to consider,
   END is the index of the last + 1.

   Value is the index of the first glyph not in S.  */

static int
fill_stretch_glyph_string (struct glyph_string *s, int start, int end)
{
  struct glyph *glyph, *last;
  int voffset, face_id;

  eassert (s->first_glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH);

  glyph = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + start;
  last = s->row->glyphs[s->area] + end;
  face_id = glyph->face_id;
  s->face = FACE_FROM_ID (s->f, face_id);
  s->font = s->face->font;
  s->width = glyph->pixel_width;
  s->nchars = 1;
  voffset = glyph->voffset;

  for (++glyph;
       (glyph < last
        && glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH
        && glyph->voffset == voffset
        && glyph->face_id == face_id);
       ++glyph)
    s->width += glyph->pixel_width;

  /* Adjust base line for subscript/superscript text.  */
  s->ybase += voffset;

  /* The case that face->gc == 0 is handled when drawing the glyph
     string by calling prepare_face_for_display.  */
  eassert (s->face);
  return glyph - s->row->glyphs[s->area];
}

static struct font_metrics *
get_per_char_metric (struct font *font, XChar2b *char2b)
{
  static struct font_metrics metrics;
  unsigned code;

  if (! font)
    return NULL;
  code = (XCHAR2B_BYTE1 (char2b) << 8) | XCHAR2B_BYTE2 (char2b);
  if (code == FONT_INVALID_CODE)
    return NULL;
  font->driver->text_extents (font, &code, 1, &metrics);
  return &metrics;
}

/* A subroutine that computes "normal" values of ASCENT and DESCENT
   for FONT.  Values are taken from font-global ones, except for fonts
   that claim preposterously large values, but whose glyphs actually
   have reasonable dimensions.  C is the character to use for metrics
   if the font-global values are too large; if C is negative, the
   function selects a default character.  */
static void
normal_char_ascent_descent (struct font *font, int c, int *ascent, int *descent)
{
  *ascent = FONT_BASE (font);
  *descent = FONT_DESCENT (font);

  if (FONT_TOO_HIGH (font))
    {
      XChar2b char2b;

      /* Get metrics of C, defaulting to a reasonably sized ASCII
         character.  */
      if (get_char_glyph_code (c >= 0 ? c : '{', font, &char2b))
        {
          struct font_metrics *pcm = get_per_char_metric (font, &char2b);

          if (!(pcm->width == 0 && pcm->rbearing == 0 && pcm->lbearing == 0))
            {
              /* We add 1 pixel to character dimensions as heuristics
                 that produces nicer display, e.g. when the face has
                 the box attribute.  */
              *ascent = pcm->ascent + 1;
              *descent = pcm->descent + 1;
            }
        }
    }
}

/* A subroutine that computes a reasonable "normal character height"
   for fonts that claim preposterously large vertical dimensions, but
   whose glyphs are actually reasonably sized.  C is the character
   whose metrics to use for those fonts, or -1 for default
   character.  */
static int
normal_char_height (struct font *font, int c)
{
  int ascent, descent;

  normal_char_ascent_descent (font, c, &ascent, &descent);

  return ascent + descent;
}

/* EXPORT for RIF:
   Set *LEFT and *RIGHT to the left and right overhang of GLYPH on
   frame F.  Overhangs of glyphs other than type CHAR_GLYPH are
   assumed to be zero.  */

void
x_get_glyph_overhangs (struct glyph *glyph, struct frame *f, int *left, int *right)
{
  *left = *right = 0;

  if (glyph->type == CHAR_GLYPH)
    {
      XChar2b char2b;
      struct face *face = get_glyph_face_and_encoding (f, glyph, &char2b);
      if (face->font)
        {
          struct font_metrics *pcm = get_per_char_metric (face->font, &char2b);
          if (pcm)
            {
              if (pcm->rbearing > pcm->width)
                *right = pcm->rbearing - pcm->width;
              if (pcm->lbearing < 0)
                *left = -pcm->lbearing;
            }
        }
    }
  else if (glyph->type == COMPOSITE_GLYPH)
    {
      if (! glyph->u.cmp.automatic)
        {
          struct composition *cmp = composition_table[glyph->u.cmp.id];

          if (cmp->rbearing > cmp->pixel_width)
            *right = cmp->rbearing - cmp->pixel_width;
          if (cmp->lbearing < 0)
            *left = - cmp->lbearing;
        }
      else
        {
          Lisp_Object gstring = composition_gstring_from_id (glyph->u.cmp.id);
          struct font_metrics metrics;

          composition_gstring_width (gstring, glyph->slice.cmp.from,
                                     glyph->slice.cmp.to + 1, &metrics);
          if (metrics.rbearing > metrics.width)
            *right = metrics.rbearing - metrics.width;
          if (metrics.lbearing < 0)
            *left = - metrics.lbearing;
        }
    }
}


/* Return the index of the first glyph preceding glyph string S that
   is overwritten by S because of S's left overhang.  Value is -1
   if no glyphs are overwritten.  */

static int
left_overwritten (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  int k;

  if (s->left_overhang)
    {
      int x = 0, i;
      struct glyph *glyphs = s->row->glyphs[s->area];
      int first = s->first_glyph - glyphs;

      for (i = first - 1; i >= 0 && x > -s->left_overhang; --i)
        x -= glyphs[i].pixel_width;

      k = i + 1;
    }
  else
    k = -1;

  return k;
}


/* Return the index of the first glyph preceding glyph string S that
   is overwriting S because of its right overhang.  Value is -1 if no
   glyph in front of S overwrites S.  */

static int
left_overwriting (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  int i, k, x;
  struct glyph *glyphs = s->row->glyphs[s->area];
  int first = s->first_glyph - glyphs;

  k = -1;
  x = 0;
  for (i = first - 1; i >= 0; --i)
    {
      int left, right;
      x_get_glyph_overhangs (glyphs + i, s->f, &left, &right);
      if (x + right > 0)
        k = i;
      x -= glyphs[i].pixel_width;
    }

  return k;
}


/* Return the index of the last glyph following glyph string S that is
   overwritten by S because of S's right overhang.  Value is -1 if
   no such glyph is found.  */

static int
right_overwritten (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  int k = -1;

  if (s->right_overhang)
    {
      int x = 0, i;
      struct glyph *glyphs = s->row->glyphs[s->area];
      int first = (s->first_glyph - glyphs
                   + (s->first_glyph->type == COMPOSITE_GLYPH ? 1 : s->nchars));
      int end = s->row->used[s->area];

      for (i = first; i < end && s->right_overhang > x; ++i)
        x += glyphs[i].pixel_width;

      k = i;
    }

  return k;
}


/* Return the index of the last glyph following glyph string S that
   overwrites S because of its left overhang.  Value is negative
   if no such glyph is found.  */

static int
right_overwriting (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  int i, k, x;
  int end = s->row->used[s->area];
  struct glyph *glyphs = s->row->glyphs[s->area];
  int first = (s->first_glyph - glyphs
               + (s->first_glyph->type == COMPOSITE_GLYPH ? 1 : s->nchars));

  k = -1;
  x = 0;
  for (i = first; i < end; ++i)
    {
      int left, right;
      x_get_glyph_overhangs (glyphs + i, s->f, &left, &right);
      if (x - left < 0)
        k = i;
      x += glyphs[i].pixel_width;
    }

  return k;
}


/* Set background width of glyph string S.  START is the index of the
   first glyph following S.  LAST_X is the right-most x-position + 1
   in the drawing area.  */

static void
set_glyph_string_background_width (struct glyph_string *s, int start, int last_x)
{
  /* If the face of this glyph string has to be drawn to the end of
     the drawing area, set S->extends_to_end_of_line_p.  */

  if (start == s->row->used[s->area]
      && ((s->row->fill_line_p
           && (s->hl == DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT
               || s->hl == DRAW_IMAGE_RAISED
               || s->hl == DRAW_IMAGE_SUNKEN))
          || s->hl == DRAW_MOUSE_FACE))
    s->extends_to_end_of_line_p = true;

  /* If S extends its face to the end of the line, set its
     background_width to the distance to the right edge of the drawing
     area.  */
  if (s->extends_to_end_of_line_p)
    s->background_width = last_x - s->x + 1;
  else
    s->background_width = s->width;
}


/* Return glyph string that shares background with glyph string S and
   whose `background_width' member has been set.  */

static struct glyph_string *
glyph_string_containing_background_width (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  if (s->cmp)
    while (s->cmp_from)
      s = s->prev;

  return s;
}


/* Compute overhangs and x-positions for glyph string S and its
   predecessors, or successors.  X is the starting x-position for S.
   BACKWARD_P means process predecessors.  */

static void
compute_overhangs_and_x (struct glyph_string *s, int x, bool backward_p)
{
  if (backward_p)
    {
      while (s)
        {
          if (FRAME_RIF (s->f)->compute_glyph_string_overhangs)
            FRAME_RIF (s->f)->compute_glyph_string_overhangs (s);
          if (!s->cmp || s->cmp_to == s->cmp->glyph_len)
            x -= s->width;
          s->x = x;
          s = s->prev;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      while (s)
        {
          if (FRAME_RIF (s->f)->compute_glyph_string_overhangs)
            FRAME_RIF (s->f)->compute_glyph_string_overhangs (s);
          s->x = x;
          if (!s->cmp || s->cmp_to == s->cmp->glyph_len)
            x += s->width;
          s = s->next;
        }
    }
}



/* The following macros are only called from draw_glyphs below.
   They reference the following parameters of that function directly:
     `w', `row', `area', and `overlap_p'
   as well as the following local variables:
     `s', `f', and `hdc' (in W32)  */

#ifdef HAVE_NTGUI
/* On W32, silently add local `hdc' variable to argument list of
   init_glyph_string.  */
#define INIT_GLYPH_STRING(s, char2b, w, row, area, start, hl) \
  init_glyph_string (s, hdc, char2b, w, row, area, start, hl)
#else
#define INIT_GLYPH_STRING(s, char2b, w, row, area, start, hl) \
  init_glyph_string (s, char2b, w, row, area, start, hl)
#endif

/* Add a glyph string for a stretch glyph to the list of strings
   between HEAD and TAIL.  START is the index of the stretch glyph in
   row area AREA of glyph row ROW.  END is the index of the last glyph
   in that glyph row area.  X is the current output position assigned
   to the new glyph string constructed.  HL overrides that face of the
   glyph; e.g. it is DRAW_CURSOR if a cursor has to be drawn.  LAST_X
   is the right-most x-position of the drawing area.  */

/* SunOS 4 bundled cc, barfed on continuations in the arg lists here
   and below -- keep them on one line.  */
#define BUILD_STRETCH_GLYPH_STRING(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)   \
     do                                                                     \
       {                                                                    \
         s = alloca (sizeof *s);                                            \
         INIT_GLYPH_STRING (s, NULL, w, row, area, START, HL);              \
         START = fill_stretch_glyph_string (s, START, END);                 \
         append_glyph_string (&HEAD, &TAIL, s);                             \
         s->x = (X);                                                        \
       }                                                                    \
     while (false)


/* Add a glyph string for an image glyph to the list of strings
   between HEAD and TAIL.  START is the index of the image glyph in
   row area AREA of glyph row ROW.  END is the index of the last glyph
   in that glyph row area.  X is the current output position assigned
   to the new glyph string constructed.  HL overrides that face of the
   glyph; e.g. it is DRAW_CURSOR if a cursor has to be drawn.  LAST_X
   is the right-most x-position of the drawing area.  */

#define BUILD_IMAGE_GLYPH_STRING(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X) \
     do                                                                 \
       {                                                                \
         s = alloca (sizeof *s);                                        \
         INIT_GLYPH_STRING (s, NULL, w, row, area, START, HL);          \
         fill_image_glyph_string (s);                                   \
         append_glyph_string (&HEAD, &TAIL, s);                         \
         ++START;                                                       \
         s->x = (X);                                                    \
       }                                                                \
     while (false)

#ifndef HAVE_XWIDGETS
# define BUILD_XWIDGET_GLYPH_STRING(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X) \
     eassume (false)
#else
# define BUILD_XWIDGET_GLYPH_STRING(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X) \
     do                                                                 \
       {                                                                \
         s = alloca (sizeof *s);                                        \
         INIT_GLYPH_STRING (s, NULL, w, row, area, START, HL);          \
         fill_xwidget_glyph_string (s);                                 \
         append_glyph_string (&(HEAD), &(TAIL), s);                     \
         ++(START);                                                     \
         s->x = (X);                                                    \
       }                                                                \
     while (false)
#endif

/* Add a glyph string for a sequence of character glyphs to the list
   of strings between HEAD and TAIL.  START is the index of the first
   glyph in row area AREA of glyph row ROW that is part of the new
   glyph string.  END is the index of the last glyph in that glyph row
   area.  X is the current output position assigned to the new glyph
   string constructed.  HL overrides that face of the glyph; e.g. it
   is DRAW_CURSOR if a cursor has to be drawn.  LAST_X is the
   right-most x-position of the drawing area.  */

#define BUILD_CHAR_GLYPH_STRINGS(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)    \
     do                                                                    \
       {                                                                   \
         int face_id;                                                      \
         XChar2b *char2b;                                                  \
                                                                           \
         face_id = (row)->glyphs[area][START].face_id;                     \
                                                                           \
         s = alloca (sizeof *s);                                           \
         SAFE_NALLOCA (char2b, 1, (END) - (START));                        \
         INIT_GLYPH_STRING (s, char2b, w, row, area, START, HL);           \
         append_glyph_string (&HEAD, &TAIL, s);                            \
         s->x = (X);                                                       \
         START = fill_glyph_string (s, face_id, START, END, overlaps);     \
       }                                                                   \
     while (false)


/* Add a glyph string for a composite sequence to the list of strings
   between HEAD and TAIL.  START is the index of the first glyph in
   row area AREA of glyph row ROW that is part of the new glyph
   string.  END is the index of the last glyph in that glyph row area.
   X is the current output position assigned to the new glyph string
   constructed.  HL overrides that face of the glyph; e.g. it is
   DRAW_CURSOR if a cursor has to be drawn.  LAST_X is the right-most
   x-position of the drawing area.  */

#define BUILD_COMPOSITE_GLYPH_STRING(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X) \
  do {                                                                      \
    int face_id = (row)->glyphs[area][START].face_id;                       \
    struct face *base_face = FACE_FROM_ID (f, face_id);             \
    ptrdiff_t cmp_id = (row)->glyphs[area][START].u.cmp.id;                 \
    struct composition *cmp = composition_table[cmp_id];                    \
    XChar2b *char2b;                                                        \
    struct glyph_string *first_s = NULL;                                    \
    int n;                                                                  \
                                                                            \
    SAFE_NALLOCA (char2b, 1, cmp->glyph_len);                               \
                                                                            \
    /* Make glyph_strings for each glyph sequence that is drawable by       \
       the same face, and append them to HEAD/TAIL.  */                     \
    for (n = 0; n < cmp->glyph_len;)                                        \
      {                                                                     \
        s = alloca (sizeof *s);                                             \
        INIT_GLYPH_STRING (s, char2b, w, row, area, START, HL);             \
        append_glyph_string (&(HEAD), &(TAIL), s);                          \
        s->cmp = cmp;                                                       \
        s->cmp_from = n;                                                    \
        s->x = (X);                                                         \
        if (n == 0)                                                         \
          first_s = s;                                                      \
        n = fill_composite_glyph_string (s, base_face, overlaps);           \
      }                                                                     \
                                                                            \
    ++START;                                                                \
    s = first_s;                                                            \
  } while (false)


/* Add a glyph string for a glyph-string sequence to the list of strings
   between HEAD and TAIL.  */

#define BUILD_GSTRING_GLYPH_STRING(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X) \
  do {                                                                    \
    int face_id;                                                          \
    XChar2b *char2b;                                                      \
    Lisp_Object gstring;                                                  \
                                                                          \
    face_id = (row)->glyphs[area][START].face_id;                         \
    gstring = (composition_gstring_from_id                                \
               ((row)->glyphs[area][START].u.cmp.id));                    \
    s = alloca (sizeof *s);                                               \
    SAFE_NALLOCA (char2b, 1, LGSTRING_GLYPH_LEN (gstring));               \
    INIT_GLYPH_STRING (s, char2b, w, row, area, START, HL);               \
    append_glyph_string (&(HEAD), &(TAIL), s);                            \
    s->x = (X);                                                           \
    START = fill_gstring_glyph_string (s, face_id, START, END, overlaps); \
  } while (false)


/* Add a glyph string for a sequence of glyphless character's glyphs
   to the list of strings between HEAD and TAIL.  The meanings of
   arguments are the same as those of BUILD_CHAR_GLYPH_STRINGS.  */

#define BUILD_GLYPHLESS_GLYPH_STRING(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X) \
  do                                                                        \
    {                                                                       \
      int face_id;                                                          \
                                                                            \
      face_id = (row)->glyphs[area][START].face_id;                         \
                                                                            \
      s = alloca (sizeof *s);                                               \
      INIT_GLYPH_STRING (s, NULL, w, row, area, START, HL);                 \
      append_glyph_string (&HEAD, &TAIL, s);                                \
      s->x = (X);                                                           \
      START = fill_glyphless_glyph_string (s, face_id, START, END,          \
                                           overlaps);                       \
    }                                                                       \
  while (false)


/* Build a list of glyph strings between HEAD and TAIL for the glyphs
   of AREA of glyph row ROW on window W between indices START and END.
   HL overrides the face for drawing glyph strings, e.g. it is
   DRAW_CURSOR to draw a cursor.  X and LAST_X are start and end
   x-positions of the drawing area.

   This is an ugly monster macro construct because we must use alloca
   to allocate glyph strings (because draw_glyphs can be called
   asynchronously).  */

#define BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS_1(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)    \
  do                                                                    \
    {                                                                   \
      HEAD = TAIL = NULL;                                               \
      while (START < END)                                               \
        {                                                               \
          struct glyph *first_glyph = (row)->glyphs[area] + START;      \
          switch (first_glyph->type)                                    \
            {                                                           \
            case CHAR_GLYPH:                                            \
              BUILD_CHAR_GLYPH_STRINGS (START, END, HEAD, TAIL,         \
                                        HL, X, LAST_X);                 \
              break;                                                    \
                                                                        \
            case COMPOSITE_GLYPH:                                       \
              if (first_glyph->u.cmp.automatic)                         \
                BUILD_GSTRING_GLYPH_STRING (START, END, HEAD, TAIL,     \
                                            HL, X, LAST_X);             \
              else                                                      \
                BUILD_COMPOSITE_GLYPH_STRING (START, END, HEAD, TAIL,   \
                                              HL, X, LAST_X);           \
              break;                                                    \
                                                                        \
            case STRETCH_GLYPH:                                         \
              BUILD_STRETCH_GLYPH_STRING (START, END, HEAD, TAIL,       \
                                          HL, X, LAST_X);               \
              break;                                                    \
                                                                        \
            case IMAGE_GLYPH:                                           \
              BUILD_IMAGE_GLYPH_STRING (START, END, HEAD, TAIL,         \
                                        HL, X, LAST_X);                 \
              break;

#define BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS_XW(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)   \
            case XWIDGET_GLYPH:                                         \
              BUILD_XWIDGET_GLYPH_STRING (START, END, HEAD, TAIL,       \
                                          HL, X, LAST_X);               \
              break;

#define BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS_2(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)    \
            case GLYPHLESS_GLYPH:                                       \
              BUILD_GLYPHLESS_GLYPH_STRING (START, END, HEAD, TAIL,     \
                                            HL, X, LAST_X);             \
              break;                                                    \
                                                                        \
            default:                                                    \
              emacs_abort ();                                           \
            }                                                           \
                                                                        \
          if (s)                                                        \
            {                                                           \
              set_glyph_string_background_width (s, START, LAST_X);     \
              (X) += s->width;                                          \
            }                                                           \
        }                                                               \
    } while (false)


#define BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)      \
    BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS_1(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)        \
    BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS_XW(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)       \
    BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS_2(START, END, HEAD, TAIL, HL, X, LAST_X)


/* Draw glyphs between START and END in AREA of ROW on window W,
   starting at x-position X.  X is relative to AREA in W.  HL is a
   face-override with the following meaning:

   DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT     draw normally
   DRAW_CURSOR          draw in cursor face
   DRAW_MOUSE_FACE      draw in mouse face.
   DRAW_INVERSE_VIDEO   draw in mode line face
   DRAW_IMAGE_SUNKEN    draw an image with a sunken relief around it
   DRAW_IMAGE_RAISED    draw an image with a raised relief around it

   If OVERLAPS is non-zero, draw only the foreground of characters and
   clip to the physical height of ROW.  Non-zero value also defines
   the overlapping part to be drawn:

   OVERLAPS_PRED                overlap with preceding rows
   OVERLAPS_SUCC                overlap with succeeding rows
   OVERLAPS_BOTH                overlap with both preceding/succeeding rows
   OVERLAPS_ERASED_CURSOR       overlap with erased cursor area

   Value is the x-position reached, relative to AREA of W.  */

static int
draw_glyphs (struct window *w, int x, struct glyph_row *row,
             enum glyph_row_area area, ptrdiff_t start, ptrdiff_t end,
             enum draw_glyphs_face hl, int overlaps)
{
  struct glyph_string *head, *tail;
  struct glyph_string *s;
  struct glyph_string *clip_head = NULL, *clip_tail = NULL;
  int i, j, x_reached, last_x, area_left = 0;
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));
  DECLARE_HDC (hdc);

  ALLOCATE_HDC (hdc, f);

  /* Let's rather be paranoid than getting a SEGV.  */
  end = min (end, row->used[area]);
  start = clip_to_bounds (0, start, end);

  /* Translate X to frame coordinates.  Set last_x to the right
     end of the drawing area.  */
  if (row->full_width_p)
    {
      /* X is relative to the left edge of W, without scroll bars
         or fringes.  */
      area_left = WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w);
      last_x = (WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w) + WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w)
                - (row->mode_line_p ? WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w) : 0));
    }
  else
    {
      area_left = window_box_left (w, area);
      last_x = area_left + window_box_width (w, area);
    }
  x += area_left;

  /* Build a doubly-linked list of glyph_string structures between
     head and tail from what we have to draw.  Note that the macro
     BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS will modify its start parameter.  That's
     the reason we use a separate variable `i'.  */
  i = start;
  USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;
  BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS (i, end, head, tail, hl, x, last_x);
  if (tail)
    {
      s = glyph_string_containing_background_width (tail);
      x_reached = s->x + s->background_width;
    }
  else
    x_reached = x;

  /* If there are any glyphs with lbearing < 0 or rbearing > width in
     the row, redraw some glyphs in front or following the glyph
     strings built above.  */
  if (head && !overlaps && row->contains_overlapping_glyphs_p)
    {
      struct glyph_string *h, *t;
      Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
      int mouse_beg_col UNINIT, mouse_end_col UNINIT;
      bool check_mouse_face = false;
      int dummy_x = 0;

      /* If mouse highlighting is on, we may need to draw adjacent
         glyphs using mouse-face highlighting.  */
      if (area == TEXT_AREA && row->mouse_face_p
          && hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row >= 0
          && hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row >= 0)
        {
          ptrdiff_t row_vpos = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (row, w->current_matrix);

          if (row_vpos >= hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
              && row_vpos <= hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row)
            {
              check_mouse_face = true;
              mouse_beg_col = (row_vpos == hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row)
                ? hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col : 0;
              mouse_end_col = (row_vpos == hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row)
                ? hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col
                : row->used[TEXT_AREA];
            }
        }

      /* Compute overhangs for all glyph strings.  */
      if (FRAME_RIF (f)->compute_glyph_string_overhangs)
        for (s = head; s; s = s->next)
          FRAME_RIF (f)->compute_glyph_string_overhangs (s);

      /* Prepend glyph strings for glyphs in front of the first glyph
         string that are overwritten because of the first glyph
         string's left overhang.  The background of all strings
         prepended must be drawn because the first glyph string
         draws over it.  */
      i = left_overwritten (head);
      if (i >= 0)
        {
          enum draw_glyphs_face overlap_hl;

          /* If this row contains mouse highlighting, attempt to draw
             the overlapped glyphs with the correct highlight.  This
             code fails if the overlap encompasses more than one glyph
             and mouse-highlight spans only some of these glyphs.
             However, making it work perfectly involves a lot more
             code, and I don't know if the pathological case occurs in
             practice, so we'll stick to this for now.  --- cyd  */
          if (check_mouse_face
              && mouse_beg_col < start && mouse_end_col > i)
            overlap_hl = DRAW_MOUSE_FACE;
          else
            overlap_hl = DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT;

          if (hl != overlap_hl)
            clip_head = head;
          j = i;
          BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS (j, start, h, t,
                               overlap_hl, dummy_x, last_x);
          start = i;
          compute_overhangs_and_x (t, head->x, true);
          prepend_glyph_string_lists (&head, &tail, h, t);
          if (clip_head == NULL)
            clip_head = head;
        }

      /* Prepend glyph strings for glyphs in front of the first glyph
         string that overwrite that glyph string because of their
         right overhang.  For these strings, only the foreground must
         be drawn, because it draws over the glyph string at `head'.
         The background must not be drawn because this would overwrite
         right overhangs of preceding glyphs for which no glyph
         strings exist.  */
      i = left_overwriting (head);
      if (i >= 0)
        {
          enum draw_glyphs_face overlap_hl;

          if (check_mouse_face
              && mouse_beg_col < start && mouse_end_col > i)
            overlap_hl = DRAW_MOUSE_FACE;
          else
            overlap_hl = DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT;

          if (hl == overlap_hl || clip_head == NULL)
            clip_head = head;
          BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS (i, start, h, t,
                               overlap_hl, dummy_x, last_x);
          for (s = h; s; s = s->next)
            s->background_filled_p = true;
          compute_overhangs_and_x (t, head->x, true);
          prepend_glyph_string_lists (&head, &tail, h, t);
        }

      /* Append glyphs strings for glyphs following the last glyph
         string tail that are overwritten by tail.  The background of
         these strings has to be drawn because tail's foreground draws
         over it.  */
      i = right_overwritten (tail);
      if (i >= 0)
        {
          enum draw_glyphs_face overlap_hl;

          if (check_mouse_face
              && mouse_beg_col < i && mouse_end_col > end)
            overlap_hl = DRAW_MOUSE_FACE;
          else
            overlap_hl = DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT;

          if (hl != overlap_hl)
            clip_tail = tail;
          BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS (end, i, h, t,
                               overlap_hl, x, last_x);
          /* Because BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS updates the first argument,
             we don't have `end = i;' here.  */
          compute_overhangs_and_x (h, tail->x + tail->width, false);
          append_glyph_string_lists (&head, &tail, h, t);
          if (clip_tail == NULL)
            clip_tail = tail;
        }

      /* Append glyph strings for glyphs following the last glyph
         string tail that overwrite tail.  The foreground of such
         glyphs has to be drawn because it writes into the background
         of tail.  The background must not be drawn because it could
         paint over the foreground of following glyphs.  */
      i = right_overwriting (tail);
      if (i >= 0)
        {
          enum draw_glyphs_face overlap_hl;
          if (check_mouse_face
              && mouse_beg_col < i && mouse_end_col > end)
            overlap_hl = DRAW_MOUSE_FACE;
          else
            overlap_hl = DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT;

          if (hl == overlap_hl || clip_tail == NULL)
            clip_tail = tail;
          i++;                  /* We must include the Ith glyph.  */
          BUILD_GLYPH_STRINGS (end, i, h, t,
                               overlap_hl, x, last_x);
          for (s = h; s; s = s->next)
            s->background_filled_p = true;
          compute_overhangs_and_x (h, tail->x + tail->width, false);
          append_glyph_string_lists (&head, &tail, h, t);
        }
      tail = glyph_string_containing_background_width (tail);
      if (clip_tail)
        clip_tail = glyph_string_containing_background_width (clip_tail);
      if (clip_head || clip_tail)
        for (s = head; s; s = s->next)
          {
            s->clip_head = clip_head;
            s->clip_tail = clip_tail;
          }
    }

  /* Draw all strings.  */
  for (s = head; s; s = s->next)
    FRAME_RIF (f)->draw_glyph_string (s);

#ifndef HAVE_NS
  /* When focus a sole frame and move horizontally, this clears on_p
     causing a failure to erase prev cursor position. */
  if (area == TEXT_AREA
      && !row->full_width_p
      /* When drawing overlapping rows, only the glyph strings'
         foreground is drawn, which doesn't erase a cursor
         completely. */
      && !overlaps)
    {
      int x0 = clip_head ? clip_head->x : (head ? head->x : x);
      int x1 = (clip_tail ? clip_tail->x + clip_tail->background_width
                : (tail ? tail->x + tail->background_width : x));
      x0 -= area_left;
      x1 -= area_left;

      notice_overwritten_cursor (w, TEXT_AREA, x0, x1,
                                 row->y, MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row));
    }
#endif

  /* Value is the x-position up to which drawn, relative to AREA of W.
     This doesn't include parts drawn because of overhangs.  */
  if (row->full_width_p)
    x_reached = FRAME_TO_WINDOW_PIXEL_X (w, x_reached);
  else
    x_reached -= area_left;

  RELEASE_HDC (hdc, f);

  SAFE_FREE ();
  return x_reached;
}

/* Find the first glyph in the run of underlined glyphs preceding the
   beginning of glyph string S, and return its font (which could be
   NULL).  This is needed because that font determines the underline
   position and thickness for the entire run of the underlined glyphs.
   This function is called from the draw_glyph_string method of GUI
   frame's redisplay interface (RIF) when it needs to draw in an
   underlined face.  */
struct font *
font_for_underline_metrics (struct glyph_string *s)
{
  struct glyph *g0 = s->row->glyphs[s->area], *g;

  for (g = s->first_glyph - 1; g >= g0; g--)
    {
      struct face *prev_face = FACE_FROM_ID (s->f, g->face_id);
      if (!(prev_face && prev_face->underline_p))
        break;
    }

  /* If preceding glyphs are not underlined, use the font of S.  */
  if (g == s->first_glyph - 1)
    return s->font;
  else
    {
      /* Otherwise use the font of the last glyph we saw in the above
         loop whose face had the underline_p flag set.  */
      return FACE_FROM_ID (s->f, g[1].face_id)->font;
    }
}

/* Expand row matrix if too narrow.  Don't expand if area
   is not present.  */

#define IT_EXPAND_MATRIX_WIDTH(it, area)                \
  {                                                     \
    if (!it->f->fonts_changed                           \
        && (it->glyph_row->glyphs[area]                 \
            < it->glyph_row->glyphs[area + 1]))         \
      {                                                 \
        it->w->ncols_scale_factor++;                    \
        it->f->fonts_changed = true;                    \
      }                                                 \
  }

/* Store one glyph for IT->char_to_display in IT->glyph_row.
   Called from x_produce_glyphs when IT->glyph_row is non-null.  */

static void
append_glyph (struct it *it)
{
  struct glyph *glyph;
  enum glyph_row_area area = it->area;

  eassert (it->glyph_row);
  eassert (it->char_to_display != '\n' && it->char_to_display != '\t');

  glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area] + it->glyph_row->used[area];
  if (glyph < it->glyph_row->glyphs[area + 1])
    {
      /* If the glyph row is reversed, we need to prepend the glyph
         rather than append it.  */
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          /* Make room for the additional glyph.  */
          for (g = glyph - 1; g >= it->glyph_row->glyphs[area]; g--)
            g[1] = *g;
          glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area];
        }
      glyph->charpos = CHARPOS (it->position);
      glyph->object = it->object;
      if (it->pixel_width > 0)
        {
          eassert (it->pixel_width <= SHRT_MAX);
          glyph->pixel_width = it->pixel_width;
          glyph->padding_p = false;
        }
      else
        {
          /* Assure at least 1-pixel width.  Otherwise, cursor can't
             be displayed correctly.  */
          glyph->pixel_width = 1;
          glyph->padding_p = true;
        }
      glyph->ascent = it->ascent;
      glyph->descent = it->descent;
      glyph->voffset = it->voffset;
      glyph->type = CHAR_GLYPH;
      glyph->avoid_cursor_p = it->avoid_cursor_p;
      glyph->multibyte_p = it->multibyte_p;
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          /* In R2L rows, the left and the right box edges need to be
             drawn in reverse direction.  */
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      else
        {
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      glyph->overlaps_vertically_p = (it->phys_ascent > it->ascent
                                      || it->phys_descent > it->descent);
      glyph->glyph_not_available_p = it->glyph_not_available_p;
      glyph->face_id = it->face_id;
      glyph->u.ch = it->char_to_display;
      glyph->slice.img = null_glyph_slice;
      glyph->font_type = FONT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          glyph->resolved_level = it->bidi_it.resolved_level;
          eassert ((it->bidi_it.type & 7) == it->bidi_it.type);
          glyph->bidi_type = it->bidi_it.type;
        }
      else
        {
          glyph->resolved_level = 0;
          glyph->bidi_type = UNKNOWN_BT;
        }
      ++it->glyph_row->used[area];
    }
  else
    IT_EXPAND_MATRIX_WIDTH (it, area);
}

/* Store one glyph for the composition IT->cmp_it.id in
   IT->glyph_row.  Called from x_produce_glyphs when IT->glyph_row is
   non-null.  */

static void
append_composite_glyph (struct it *it)
{
  struct glyph *glyph;
  enum glyph_row_area area = it->area;

  eassert (it->glyph_row);

  glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area] + it->glyph_row->used[area];
  if (glyph < it->glyph_row->glyphs[area + 1])
    {
      /* If the glyph row is reversed, we need to prepend the glyph
         rather than append it.  */
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && it->area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          /* Make room for the new glyph.  */
          for (g = glyph - 1; g >= it->glyph_row->glyphs[it->area]; g--)
            g[1] = *g;
          glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[it->area];
        }
      glyph->charpos = it->cmp_it.charpos;
      glyph->object = it->object;
      eassert (it->pixel_width <= SHRT_MAX);
      glyph->pixel_width = it->pixel_width;
      glyph->ascent = it->ascent;
      glyph->descent = it->descent;
      glyph->voffset = it->voffset;
      glyph->type = COMPOSITE_GLYPH;
      if (it->cmp_it.ch < 0)
        {
          glyph->u.cmp.automatic = false;
          glyph->u.cmp.id = it->cmp_it.id;
          glyph->slice.cmp.from = glyph->slice.cmp.to = 0;
        }
      else
        {
          glyph->u.cmp.automatic = true;
          glyph->u.cmp.id = it->cmp_it.id;
          glyph->slice.cmp.from = it->cmp_it.from;
          glyph->slice.cmp.to = it->cmp_it.to - 1;
        }
      glyph->avoid_cursor_p = it->avoid_cursor_p;
      glyph->multibyte_p = it->multibyte_p;
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          /* In R2L rows, the left and the right box edges need to be
             drawn in reverse direction.  */
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      else
        {
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      glyph->overlaps_vertically_p = (it->phys_ascent > it->ascent
                                      || it->phys_descent > it->descent);
      glyph->padding_p = false;
      glyph->glyph_not_available_p = false;
      glyph->face_id = it->face_id;
      glyph->font_type = FONT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          glyph->resolved_level = it->bidi_it.resolved_level;
          eassert ((it->bidi_it.type & 7) == it->bidi_it.type);
          glyph->bidi_type = it->bidi_it.type;
        }
      ++it->glyph_row->used[area];
    }
  else
    IT_EXPAND_MATRIX_WIDTH (it, area);
}


/* Change IT->ascent and IT->height according to the setting of
   IT->voffset.  */

static void
take_vertical_position_into_account (struct it *it)
{
  if (it->voffset)
    {
      if (it->voffset < 0)
        /* Increase the ascent so that we can display the text higher
           in the line.  */
        it->ascent -= it->voffset;
      else
        /* Increase the descent so that we can display the text lower
           in the line.  */
        it->descent += it->voffset;
    }
}


/* Produce glyphs/get display metrics for the image IT is loaded with.
   See the description of struct display_iterator in dispextern.h for
   an overview of struct display_iterator.  */

static void
produce_image_glyph (struct it *it)
{
  struct image *img;
  struct face *face;
  int glyph_ascent, crop;
  struct glyph_slice slice;

  eassert (it->what == IT_IMAGE);

  face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
  /* Make sure X resources of the face is loaded.  */
  prepare_face_for_display (it->f, face);

  if (it->image_id < 0)
    {
      /* Fringe bitmap.  */
      it->ascent = it->phys_ascent = 0;
      it->descent = it->phys_descent = 0;
      it->pixel_width = 0;
      it->nglyphs = 0;
      return;
    }

  img = IMAGE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->image_id);
  /* Make sure X resources of the image is loaded.  */
  prepare_image_for_display (it->f, img);

  slice.x = slice.y = 0;
  slice.width = img->width;
  slice.height = img->height;

  if (INTEGERP (it->slice.x))
    slice.x = XINT (it->slice.x);
  else if (FLOATP (it->slice.x))
    slice.x = XFLOAT_DATA (it->slice.x) * img->width;

  if (INTEGERP (it->slice.y))
    slice.y = XINT (it->slice.y);
  else if (FLOATP (it->slice.y))
    slice.y = XFLOAT_DATA (it->slice.y) * img->height;

  if (INTEGERP (it->slice.width))
    slice.width = XINT (it->slice.width);
  else if (FLOATP (it->slice.width))
    slice.width = XFLOAT_DATA (it->slice.width) * img->width;

  if (INTEGERP (it->slice.height))
    slice.height = XINT (it->slice.height);
  else if (FLOATP (it->slice.height))
    slice.height = XFLOAT_DATA (it->slice.height) * img->height;

  if (slice.x >= img->width)
    slice.x = img->width;
  if (slice.y >= img->height)
    slice.y = img->height;
  if (slice.x + slice.width >= img->width)
    slice.width = img->width - slice.x;
  if (slice.y + slice.height > img->height)
    slice.height = img->height - slice.y;

  if (slice.width == 0 || slice.height == 0)
    return;

  it->ascent = it->phys_ascent = glyph_ascent = image_ascent (img, face, &slice);

  it->descent = slice.height - glyph_ascent;
  if (slice.y == 0)
    it->descent += img->vmargin;
  if (slice.y + slice.height == img->height)
    it->descent += img->vmargin;
  it->phys_descent = it->descent;

  it->pixel_width = slice.width;
  if (slice.x == 0)
    it->pixel_width += img->hmargin;
  if (slice.x + slice.width == img->width)
    it->pixel_width += img->hmargin;

  /* It's quite possible for images to have an ascent greater than
     their height, so don't get confused in that case.  */
  if (it->descent < 0)
    it->descent = 0;

  it->nglyphs = 1;

  if (face->box != FACE_NO_BOX)
    {
      if (face->box_line_width > 0)
        {
          if (slice.y == 0)
            it->ascent += face->box_line_width;
          if (slice.y + slice.height == img->height)
            it->descent += face->box_line_width;
        }

      if (it->start_of_box_run_p && slice.x == 0)
        it->pixel_width += eabs (face->box_line_width);
      if (it->end_of_box_run_p && slice.x + slice.width == img->width)
        it->pixel_width += eabs (face->box_line_width);
    }

  take_vertical_position_into_account (it);

  /* Automatically crop wide image glyphs at right edge so we can
     draw the cursor on same display row.  */
  if ((crop = it->pixel_width - (it->last_visible_x - it->current_x), crop > 0)
      && (it->hpos == 0 || it->pixel_width > it->last_visible_x / 4))
    {
      it->pixel_width -= crop;
      slice.width -= crop;
    }

  if (it->glyph_row)
    {
      struct glyph *glyph;
      enum glyph_row_area area = it->area;

      glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area] + it->glyph_row->used[area];
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p)
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          /* Make room for the new glyph.  */
          for (g = glyph - 1; g >= it->glyph_row->glyphs[it->area]; g--)
            g[1] = *g;
          glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[it->area];
        }
      if (glyph < it->glyph_row->glyphs[area + 1])
        {
          glyph->charpos = CHARPOS (it->position);
          glyph->object = it->object;
          glyph->pixel_width = clip_to_bounds (-1, it->pixel_width, SHRT_MAX);
          glyph->ascent = glyph_ascent;
          glyph->descent = it->descent;
          glyph->voffset = it->voffset;
          glyph->type = IMAGE_GLYPH;
          glyph->avoid_cursor_p = it->avoid_cursor_p;
          glyph->multibyte_p = it->multibyte_p;
          if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
            {
              /* In R2L rows, the left and the right box edges need to be
                 drawn in reverse direction.  */
              glyph->right_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
              glyph->left_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
            }
          else
            {
              glyph->left_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
              glyph->right_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
            }
          glyph->overlaps_vertically_p = false;
          glyph->padding_p = false;
          glyph->glyph_not_available_p = false;
          glyph->face_id = it->face_id;
          glyph->u.img_id = img->id;
          glyph->slice.img = slice;
          glyph->font_type = FONT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
          if (it->bidi_p)
            {
              glyph->resolved_level = it->bidi_it.resolved_level;
              eassert ((it->bidi_it.type & 7) == it->bidi_it.type);
              glyph->bidi_type = it->bidi_it.type;
            }
          ++it->glyph_row->used[area];
        }
      else
        IT_EXPAND_MATRIX_WIDTH (it, area);
    }
}

static void
produce_xwidget_glyph (struct it *it)
{
#ifdef HAVE_XWIDGETS
  struct xwidget *xw;
  int glyph_ascent, crop;
  eassert (it->what == IT_XWIDGET);

  struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
  /* Make sure X resources of the face is loaded.  */
  prepare_face_for_display (it->f, face);

  xw = it->xwidget;
  it->ascent = it->phys_ascent = glyph_ascent = xw->height/2;
  it->descent = xw->height/2;
  it->phys_descent = it->descent;
  it->pixel_width = xw->width;
  /* It's quite possible for images to have an ascent greater than
     their height, so don't get confused in that case.  */
  if (it->descent < 0)
    it->descent = 0;

  it->nglyphs = 1;

  if (face->box != FACE_NO_BOX)
    {
      if (face->box_line_width > 0)
        {
          it->ascent += face->box_line_width;
          it->descent += face->box_line_width;
        }

      if (it->start_of_box_run_p)
        it->pixel_width += eabs (face->box_line_width);
      it->pixel_width += eabs (face->box_line_width);
    }

  take_vertical_position_into_account (it);

  /* Automatically crop wide image glyphs at right edge so we can
     draw the cursor on same display row.  */
  crop = it->pixel_width - (it->last_visible_x - it->current_x);
  if (crop > 0 && (it->hpos == 0 || it->pixel_width > it->last_visible_x / 4))
    it->pixel_width -= crop;

  if (it->glyph_row)
    {
      enum glyph_row_area area = it->area;
      struct glyph *glyph
        = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area] + it->glyph_row->used[area];

      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p)
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          /* Make room for the new glyph.  */
          for (g = glyph - 1; g >= it->glyph_row->glyphs[it->area]; g--)
            g[1] = *g;
          glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[it->area];
        }
      if (glyph < it->glyph_row->glyphs[area + 1])
        {
          glyph->charpos = CHARPOS (it->position);
          glyph->object = it->object;
          glyph->pixel_width = clip_to_bounds (-1, it->pixel_width, SHRT_MAX);
          glyph->ascent = glyph_ascent;
          glyph->descent = it->descent;
          glyph->voffset = it->voffset;
          glyph->type = XWIDGET_GLYPH;
          glyph->avoid_cursor_p = it->avoid_cursor_p;
          glyph->multibyte_p = it->multibyte_p;
          if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
            {
              /* In R2L rows, the left and the right box edges need to be
                 drawn in reverse direction.  */
              glyph->right_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
              glyph->left_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
            }
          else
            {
              glyph->left_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
              glyph->right_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
            }
          glyph->overlaps_vertically_p = 0;
          glyph->padding_p = 0;
          glyph->glyph_not_available_p = 0;
          glyph->face_id = it->face_id;
          glyph->u.xwidget = it->xwidget;
          glyph->font_type = FONT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
          if (it->bidi_p)
            {
              glyph->resolved_level = it->bidi_it.resolved_level;
              eassert ((it->bidi_it.type & 7) == it->bidi_it.type);
              glyph->bidi_type = it->bidi_it.type;
            }
          ++it->glyph_row->used[area];
        }
      else
        IT_EXPAND_MATRIX_WIDTH (it, area);
    }
#endif
}

/* Append a stretch glyph to IT->glyph_row.  OBJECT is the source
   of the glyph, WIDTH and HEIGHT are the width and height of the
   stretch.  ASCENT is the ascent of the glyph (0 <= ASCENT <= HEIGHT).  */

static void
append_stretch_glyph (struct it *it, Lisp_Object object,
                      int width, int height, int ascent)
{
  struct glyph *glyph;
  enum glyph_row_area area = it->area;

  eassert (ascent >= 0 && ascent <= height);

  glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area] + it->glyph_row->used[area];
  if (glyph < it->glyph_row->glyphs[area + 1])
    {
      /* If the glyph row is reversed, we need to prepend the glyph
         rather than append it.  */
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          /* Make room for the additional glyph.  */
          for (g = glyph - 1; g >= it->glyph_row->glyphs[area]; g--)
            g[1] = *g;
          glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area];

          /* Decrease the width of the first glyph of the row that
             begins before first_visible_x (e.g., due to hscroll).
             This is so the overall width of the row becomes smaller
             by the scroll amount, and the stretch glyph appended by
             extend_face_to_end_of_line will be wider, to shift the
             row glyphs to the right.  (In L2R rows, the corresponding
             left-shift effect is accomplished by setting row->x to a
             negative value, which won't work with R2L rows.)

             This must leave us with a positive value of WIDTH, since
             otherwise the call to move_it_in_display_line_to at the
             beginning of display_line would have got past the entire
             first glyph, and then it->current_x would have been
             greater or equal to it->first_visible_x.  */
          if (it->current_x < it->first_visible_x)
            width -= it->first_visible_x - it->current_x;
          eassert (width > 0);
        }
      glyph->charpos = CHARPOS (it->position);
      glyph->object = object;
      /* FIXME: It would be better to use TYPE_MAX here, but
         __typeof__ is not portable enough...  */
      glyph->pixel_width = clip_to_bounds (-1, width, SHRT_MAX);
      glyph->ascent = ascent;
      glyph->descent = height - ascent;
      glyph->voffset = it->voffset;
      glyph->type = STRETCH_GLYPH;
      glyph->avoid_cursor_p = it->avoid_cursor_p;
      glyph->multibyte_p = it->multibyte_p;
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          /* In R2L rows, the left and the right box edges need to be
             drawn in reverse direction.  */
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      else
        {
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      glyph->overlaps_vertically_p = false;
      glyph->padding_p = false;
      glyph->glyph_not_available_p = false;
      glyph->face_id = it->face_id;
      glyph->u.stretch.ascent = ascent;
      glyph->u.stretch.height = height;
      glyph->slice.img = null_glyph_slice;
      glyph->font_type = FONT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          glyph->resolved_level = it->bidi_it.resolved_level;
          eassert ((it->bidi_it.type & 7) == it->bidi_it.type);
          glyph->bidi_type = it->bidi_it.type;
        }
      else
        {
          glyph->resolved_level = 0;
          glyph->bidi_type = UNKNOWN_BT;
        }
      ++it->glyph_row->used[area];
    }
  else
    IT_EXPAND_MATRIX_WIDTH (it, area);
}

#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

/* Produce a stretch glyph for iterator IT.  IT->object is the value
   of the glyph property displayed.  The value must be a list
   `(space KEYWORD VALUE ...)' with the following KEYWORD/VALUE pairs
   being recognized:

   1. `:width WIDTH' specifies that the space should be WIDTH *
   canonical char width wide.  WIDTH may be an integer or floating
   point number.

   2. `:relative-width FACTOR' specifies that the width of the stretch
   should be computed from the width of the first character having the
   `glyph' property, and should be FACTOR times that width.

   3. `:align-to HPOS' specifies that the space should be wide enough
   to reach HPOS, a value in canonical character units.

   Exactly one of the above pairs must be present.

   4. `:height HEIGHT' specifies that the height of the stretch produced
   should be HEIGHT, measured in canonical character units.

   5. `:relative-height FACTOR' specifies that the height of the
   stretch should be FACTOR times the height of the characters having
   the glyph property.

   Either none or exactly one of 4 or 5 must be present.

   6. `:ascent ASCENT'  specifies that ASCENT percent of the height
   of the stretch should be used for the ascent of the stretch.
   ASCENT must be in the range 0 <= ASCENT <= 100.  */

void
produce_stretch_glyph (struct it *it)
{
  /* (space :width WIDTH :height HEIGHT ...)  */
  Lisp_Object prop, plist;
  int width = 0, height = 0, align_to = -1;
  bool zero_width_ok_p = false;
  double tem;
  struct font *font = NULL;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  int ascent = 0;
  bool zero_height_ok_p = false;

  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
      font = face->font ? face->font : FRAME_FONT (it->f);
      prepare_face_for_display (it->f, face);
    }
#endif

  /* List should start with `space'.  */
  eassert (CONSP (it->object) && EQ (XCAR (it->object), Qspace));
  plist = XCDR (it->object);

  /* Compute the width of the stretch.  */
  if ((prop = Fplist_get (plist, QCwidth), !NILP (prop))
      && calc_pixel_width_or_height (&tem, it, prop, font, true, 0))
    {
      /* Absolute width `:width WIDTH' specified and valid.  */
      zero_width_ok_p = true;
      width = (int)tem;
    }
  else if (prop = Fplist_get (plist, QCrelative_width), NUMVAL (prop) > 0)
    {
      /* Relative width `:relative-width FACTOR' specified and valid.
         Compute the width of the characters having the `glyph'
         property.  */
      struct it it2;
      unsigned char *p = BYTE_POS_ADDR (IT_BYTEPOS (*it));

      it2 = *it;
      if (it->multibyte_p)
        it2.c = it2.char_to_display = STRING_CHAR_AND_LENGTH (p, it2.len);
      else
        {
          it2.c = it2.char_to_display = *p, it2.len = 1;
          if (! ASCII_CHAR_P (it2.c))
            it2.char_to_display = BYTE8_TO_CHAR (it2.c);
        }

      it2.glyph_row = NULL;
      it2.what = IT_CHARACTER;
      PRODUCE_GLYPHS (&it2);
      width = NUMVAL (prop) * it2.pixel_width;
    }
  else if ((prop = Fplist_get (plist, QCalign_to), !NILP (prop))
           && calc_pixel_width_or_height (&tem, it, prop, font, true,
                                          &align_to))
    {
      if (it->glyph_row == NULL || !it->glyph_row->mode_line_p)
        align_to = (align_to < 0
                    ? 0
                    : align_to - window_box_left_offset (it->w, TEXT_AREA));
      else if (align_to < 0)
        align_to = window_box_left_offset (it->w, TEXT_AREA);
      width = max (0, (int)tem + align_to - it->current_x);
      zero_width_ok_p = true;
    }
  else
    /* Nothing specified -> width defaults to canonical char width.  */
    width = FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (it->f);

  if (width <= 0 && (width < 0 || !zero_width_ok_p))
    width = 1;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* Compute height.  */
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      int default_height = normal_char_height (font, ' ');

      if ((prop = Fplist_get (plist, QCheight), !NILP (prop))
          && calc_pixel_width_or_height (&tem, it, prop, font, false, 0))
        {
          height = (int)tem;
          zero_height_ok_p = true;
        }
      else if (prop = Fplist_get (plist, QCrelative_height),
               NUMVAL (prop) > 0)
        height = default_height * NUMVAL (prop);
      else
        height = default_height;

      if (height <= 0 && (height < 0 || !zero_height_ok_p))
        height = 1;

      /* Compute percentage of height used for ascent.  If
         `:ascent ASCENT' is present and valid, use that.  Otherwise,
         derive the ascent from the font in use.  */
      if (prop = Fplist_get (plist, QCascent),
          NUMVAL (prop) > 0 && NUMVAL (prop) <= 100)
        ascent = height * NUMVAL (prop) / 100.0;
      else if (!NILP (prop)
               && calc_pixel_width_or_height (&tem, it, prop, font, false, 0))
        ascent = min (max (0, (int)tem), height);
      else
        ascent = (height * FONT_BASE (font)) / FONT_HEIGHT (font);
    }
  else
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
    height = 1;

  if (width > 0 && it->line_wrap != TRUNCATE
      && it->current_x + width > it->last_visible_x)
    {
      width = it->last_visible_x - it->current_x;
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      /* Subtract one more pixel from the stretch width, but only on
         GUI frames, since on a TTY each glyph is one "pixel" wide.  */
      width -= FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f);
#endif
    }

  if (width > 0 && height > 0 && it->glyph_row)
    {
      Lisp_Object o_object = it->object;
      Lisp_Object object = it->stack[it->sp - 1].string;
      int n = width;

      if (!STRINGP (object))
        object = it->w->contents;
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
        append_stretch_glyph (it, object, width, height, ascent);
      else
#endif
        {
          it->object = object;
          it->char_to_display = ' ';
          it->pixel_width = it->len = 1;
          while (n--)
            tty_append_glyph (it);
          it->object = o_object;
        }
    }

  it->pixel_width = width;
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (it->f))
    {
      it->ascent = it->phys_ascent = ascent;
      it->descent = it->phys_descent = height - it->ascent;
      it->nglyphs = width > 0 && height > 0;
      take_vertical_position_into_account (it);
    }
  else
#endif
    it->nglyphs = width;
}

/* Get information about special display element WHAT in an
   environment described by IT.  WHAT is one of IT_TRUNCATION or
   IT_CONTINUATION.  Maybe produce glyphs for WHAT if IT has a
   non-null glyph_row member.  This function ensures that fields like
   face_id, c, len of IT are left untouched.  */

static void
produce_special_glyphs (struct it *it, enum display_element_type what)
{
  struct it temp_it;
  Lisp_Object gc;
  GLYPH glyph;

  temp_it = *it;
  temp_it.object = Qnil;
  memset (&temp_it.current, 0, sizeof temp_it.current);

  if (what == IT_CONTINUATION)
    {
      /* Continuation glyph.  For R2L lines, we mirror it by hand.  */
      if (it->bidi_it.paragraph_dir == R2L)
        SET_GLYPH_FROM_CHAR (glyph, '/');
      else
        SET_GLYPH_FROM_CHAR (glyph, '\\');
      if (it->dp
          && (gc = DISP_CONTINUE_GLYPH (it->dp), GLYPH_CODE_P (gc)))
        {
          /* FIXME: Should we mirror GC for R2L lines?  */
          SET_GLYPH_FROM_GLYPH_CODE (glyph, gc);
          spec_glyph_lookup_face (XWINDOW (it->window), &glyph);
        }
    }
  else if (what == IT_TRUNCATION)
    {
      /* Truncation glyph.  */
      SET_GLYPH_FROM_CHAR (glyph, '$');
      if (it->dp
          && (gc = DISP_TRUNC_GLYPH (it->dp), GLYPH_CODE_P (gc)))
        {
          /* FIXME: Should we mirror GC for R2L lines?  */
          SET_GLYPH_FROM_GLYPH_CODE (glyph, gc);
          spec_glyph_lookup_face (XWINDOW (it->window), &glyph);
        }
    }
  else
    emacs_abort ();

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* On a GUI frame, when the right fringe (left fringe for R2L rows)
     is turned off, we precede the truncation/continuation glyphs by a
     stretch glyph whose width is computed such that these special
     glyphs are aligned at the window margin, even when very different
     fonts are used in different glyph rows.  */
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (temp_it.f)
      /* init_iterator calls this with it->glyph_row == NULL, and it
         wants only the pixel width of the truncation/continuation
         glyphs.  */
      && temp_it.glyph_row
      /* insert_left_trunc_glyphs calls us at the beginning of the
         row, and it has its own calculation of the stretch glyph
         width.  */
      && temp_it.glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA] > 0
      && (temp_it.glyph_row->reversed_p
          ? WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (temp_it.w)
          : WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (temp_it.w)) == 0)
    {
      int stretch_width = temp_it.last_visible_x - temp_it.current_x;

      if (stretch_width > 0)
        {
          struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (temp_it.f, temp_it.face_id);
          struct font *font =
            face->font ? face->font : FRAME_FONT (temp_it.f);
          int stretch_ascent =
            (((temp_it.ascent + temp_it.descent)
              * FONT_BASE (font)) / FONT_HEIGHT (font));

          append_stretch_glyph (&temp_it, Qnil, stretch_width,
                                temp_it.ascent + temp_it.descent,
                                stretch_ascent);
        }
    }
#endif

  temp_it.dp = NULL;
  temp_it.what = IT_CHARACTER;
  temp_it.c = temp_it.char_to_display = GLYPH_CHAR (glyph);
  temp_it.face_id = GLYPH_FACE (glyph);
  temp_it.len = CHAR_BYTES (temp_it.c);

  PRODUCE_GLYPHS (&temp_it);
  it->pixel_width = temp_it.pixel_width;
  it->nglyphs = temp_it.nglyphs;
}

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Calculate line-height and line-spacing properties.
   An integer value specifies explicit pixel value.
   A float value specifies relative value to current face height.
   A cons (float . face-name) specifies relative value to
   height of specified face font.

   Returns height in pixels, or nil.  */

static Lisp_Object
calc_line_height_property (struct it *it, Lisp_Object val, struct font *font,
                           int boff, bool override)
{
  Lisp_Object face_name = Qnil;
  int ascent, descent, height;

  if (NILP (val) || INTEGERP (val) || (override && EQ (val, Qt)))
    return val;

  if (CONSP (val))
    {
      face_name = XCAR (val);
      val = XCDR (val);
      if (!NUMBERP (val))
        val = make_number (1);
      if (NILP (face_name))
        {
          height = it->ascent + it->descent;
          goto scale;
        }
    }

  if (NILP (face_name))
    {
      font = FRAME_FONT (it->f);
      boff = FRAME_BASELINE_OFFSET (it->f);
    }
  else if (EQ (face_name, Qt))
    {
      override = false;
    }
  else
    {
      int face_id;
      struct face *face;

      face_id = lookup_named_face (it->f, face_name, false);
      face = FACE_FROM_ID_OR_NULL (it->f, face_id);
      if (face == NULL || ((font = face->font) == NULL))
        return make_number (-1);
      boff = font->baseline_offset;
      if (font->vertical_centering)
        boff = VCENTER_BASELINE_OFFSET (font, it->f) - boff;
    }

  normal_char_ascent_descent (font, -1, &ascent, &descent);

  if (override)
    {
      it->override_ascent = ascent;
      it->override_descent = descent;
      it->override_boff = boff;
    }

  height = ascent + descent;

 scale:
  if (FLOATP (val))
    height = (int)(XFLOAT_DATA (val) * height);
  else if (INTEGERP (val))
    height *= XINT (val);

  return make_number (height);
}


/* Append a glyph for a glyphless character to IT->glyph_row.  FACE_ID
   is a face ID to be used for the glyph.  FOR_NO_FONT is true if
   and only if this is for a character for which no font was found.

   If the display method (it->glyphless_method) is
   GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_ACRONYM or GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_HEX_CODE, LEN is a
   length of the acronym or the hexadecimal string, UPPER_XOFF and
   UPPER_YOFF are pixel offsets for the upper part of the string,
   LOWER_XOFF and LOWER_YOFF are for the lower part.

   For the other display methods, LEN through LOWER_YOFF are zero.  */

static void
append_glyphless_glyph (struct it *it, int face_id, bool for_no_font, int len,
                        short upper_xoff, short upper_yoff,
                        short lower_xoff, short lower_yoff)
{
  struct glyph *glyph;
  enum glyph_row_area area = it->area;

  glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area] + it->glyph_row->used[area];
  if (glyph < it->glyph_row->glyphs[area + 1])
    {
      /* If the glyph row is reversed, we need to prepend the glyph
         rather than append it.  */
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          struct glyph *g;

          /* Make room for the additional glyph.  */
          for (g = glyph - 1; g >= it->glyph_row->glyphs[area]; g--)
            g[1] = *g;
          glyph = it->glyph_row->glyphs[area];
        }
      glyph->charpos = CHARPOS (it->position);
      glyph->object = it->object;
      eassert (it->pixel_width <= SHRT_MAX);
      glyph->pixel_width = it->pixel_width;
      glyph->ascent = it->ascent;
      glyph->descent = it->descent;
      glyph->voffset = it->voffset;
      glyph->type = GLYPHLESS_GLYPH;
      glyph->u.glyphless.method = it->glyphless_method;
      glyph->u.glyphless.for_no_font = for_no_font;
      glyph->u.glyphless.len = len;
      glyph->u.glyphless.ch = it->c;
      glyph->slice.glyphless.upper_xoff = upper_xoff;
      glyph->slice.glyphless.upper_yoff = upper_yoff;
      glyph->slice.glyphless.lower_xoff = lower_xoff;
      glyph->slice.glyphless.lower_yoff = lower_yoff;
      glyph->avoid_cursor_p = it->avoid_cursor_p;
      glyph->multibyte_p = it->multibyte_p;
      if (it->glyph_row->reversed_p && area == TEXT_AREA)
        {
          /* In R2L rows, the left and the right box edges need to be
             drawn in reverse direction.  */
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      else
        {
          glyph->left_box_line_p = it->start_of_box_run_p;
          glyph->right_box_line_p = it->end_of_box_run_p;
        }
      glyph->overlaps_vertically_p = (it->phys_ascent > it->ascent
                                      || it->phys_descent > it->descent);
      glyph->padding_p = false;
      glyph->glyph_not_available_p = false;
      glyph->face_id = face_id;
      glyph->font_type = FONT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
      if (it->bidi_p)
        {
          glyph->resolved_level = it->bidi_it.resolved_level;
          eassert ((it->bidi_it.type & 7) == it->bidi_it.type);
          glyph->bidi_type = it->bidi_it.type;
        }
      ++it->glyph_row->used[area];
    }
  else
    IT_EXPAND_MATRIX_WIDTH (it, area);
}


/* Produce a glyph for a glyphless character for iterator IT.
   IT->glyphless_method specifies which method to use for displaying
   the character.  See the description of enum
   glyphless_display_method in dispextern.h for the detail.

   FOR_NO_FONT is true if and only if this is for a character for
   which no font was found.  ACRONYM, if non-nil, is an acronym string
   for the character.  */

static void
produce_glyphless_glyph (struct it *it, bool for_no_font, Lisp_Object acronym)
{
  int face_id;
  struct face *face;
  struct font *font;
  int base_width, base_height, width, height;
  short upper_xoff, upper_yoff, lower_xoff, lower_yoff;
  int len;

  /* Get the metrics of the base font.  We always refer to the current
     ASCII face.  */
  face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id)->ascii_face;
  font = face->font ? face->font : FRAME_FONT (it->f);
  normal_char_ascent_descent (font, -1, &it->ascent, &it->descent);
  it->ascent += font->baseline_offset;
  it->descent -= font->baseline_offset;
  base_height = it->ascent + it->descent;
  base_width = font->average_width;

  face_id = merge_glyphless_glyph_face (it);

  if (it->glyphless_method == GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_THIN_SPACE)
    {
      it->pixel_width = THIN_SPACE_WIDTH;
      len = 0;
      upper_xoff = upper_yoff = lower_xoff = lower_yoff = 0;
    }
  else if (it->glyphless_method == GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_EMPTY_BOX)
    {
      width = CHARACTER_WIDTH (it->c);
      if (width == 0)
        width = 1;
      else if (width > 4)
        width = 4;
      it->pixel_width = base_width * width;
      len = 0;
      upper_xoff = upper_yoff = lower_xoff = lower_yoff = 0;
    }
  else
    {
      char buf[7];
      const char *str;
      unsigned int code[6];
      int upper_len;
      int ascent, descent;
      struct font_metrics metrics_upper, metrics_lower;

      face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, face_id);
      font = face->font ? face->font : FRAME_FONT (it->f);
      prepare_face_for_display (it->f, face);

      if (it->glyphless_method == GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_ACRONYM)
        {
          if (! STRINGP (acronym) && CHAR_TABLE_P (Vglyphless_char_display))
            acronym = CHAR_TABLE_REF (Vglyphless_char_display, it->c);
          if (CONSP (acronym))
            acronym = XCAR (acronym);
          str = STRINGP (acronym) ? SSDATA (acronym) : "";
        }
      else
        {
          eassert (it->glyphless_method == GLYPHLESS_DISPLAY_HEX_CODE);
          sprintf (buf, "%0*X", it->c < 0x10000 ? 4 : 6, it->c + 0u);
          str = buf;
        }
      for (len = 0; str[len] && ASCII_CHAR_P (str[len]) && len < 6; len++)
        code[len] = font->driver->encode_char (font, str[len]);
      upper_len = (len + 1) / 2;
      font->driver->text_extents (font, code, upper_len,
                                  &metrics_upper);
      font->driver->text_extents (font, code + upper_len, len - upper_len,
                                  &metrics_lower);



      /* +4 is for vertical bars of a box plus 1-pixel spaces at both side.  */
      width = max (metrics_upper.width, metrics_lower.width) + 4;
      upper_xoff = upper_yoff = 2; /* the typical case */
      if (base_width >= width)
        {
          /* Align the upper to the left, the lower to the right.  */
          it->pixel_width = base_width;
          lower_xoff = base_width - 2 - metrics_lower.width;
        }
      else
        {
          /* Center the shorter one.  */
          it->pixel_width = width;
          if (metrics_upper.width >= metrics_lower.width)
            lower_xoff = (width - metrics_lower.width) / 2;
          else
            {
              /* FIXME: This code doesn't look right.  It formerly was
                 missing the "lower_xoff = 0;", which couldn't have
                 been right since it left lower_xoff uninitialized.  */
              lower_xoff = 0;
              upper_xoff = (width - metrics_upper.width) / 2;
            }
        }

      /* +5 is for horizontal bars of a box plus 1-pixel spaces at
         top, bottom, and between upper and lower strings.  */
      height = (metrics_upper.ascent + metrics_upper.descent
                + metrics_lower.ascent + metrics_lower.descent) + 5;
      /* Center vertically.
         H:base_height, D:base_descent
         h:height, ld:lower_descent, la:lower_ascent, ud:upper_descent

         ascent = - (D - H/2 - h/2 + 1); "+ 1" for rounding up
         descent = D - H/2 + h/2;
         lower_yoff = descent - 2 - ld;
         upper_yoff = lower_yoff - la - 1 - ud;  */
      ascent = - (it->descent - (base_height + height + 1) / 2);
      descent = it->descent - (base_height - height) / 2;
      lower_yoff = descent - 2 - metrics_lower.descent;
      upper_yoff = (lower_yoff - metrics_lower.ascent - 1
                    - metrics_upper.descent);
      /* Don't make the height shorter than the base height.  */
      if (height > base_height)
        {
          it->ascent = ascent;
          it->descent = descent;
        }
    }

  it->phys_ascent = it->ascent;
  it->phys_descent = it->descent;
  if (it->glyph_row)
    append_glyphless_glyph (it, face_id, for_no_font, len,
                            upper_xoff, upper_yoff,
                            lower_xoff, lower_yoff);
  it->nglyphs = 1;
  take_vertical_position_into_account (it);
}


/* RIF:
   Produce glyphs/get display metrics for the display element IT is
   loaded with.  See the description of struct it in dispextern.h
   for an overview of struct it.  */

void
x_produce_glyphs (struct it *it)
{
  int extra_line_spacing = it->extra_line_spacing;

  it->glyph_not_available_p = false;

  if (it->what == IT_CHARACTER)
    {
      XChar2b char2b;
      struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
      struct font *font = face->font;
      struct font_metrics *pcm = NULL;
      int boff;                 /* Baseline offset.  */

      if (font == NULL)
        {
          /* When no suitable font is found, display this character by
             the method specified in the first extra slot of
             Vglyphless_char_display.  */
              Lisp_Object acronym = lookup_glyphless_char_display (-1, it);

              eassert (it->what == IT_GLYPHLESS);
          produce_glyphless_glyph (it, true,
                                   STRINGP (acronym) ? acronym : Qnil);
          goto done;
        }

      boff = font->baseline_offset;
      if (font->vertical_centering)
        boff = VCENTER_BASELINE_OFFSET (font, it->f) - boff;

      if (it->char_to_display != '\n' && it->char_to_display != '\t')
        {
          it->nglyphs = 1;

          if (it->override_ascent >= 0)
            {
              it->ascent = it->override_ascent;
              it->descent = it->override_descent;
              boff = it->override_boff;
            }
          else
            {
              it->ascent = FONT_BASE (font) + boff;
              it->descent = FONT_DESCENT (font) - boff;
            }

          if (get_char_glyph_code (it->char_to_display, font, &char2b))
            {
              pcm = get_per_char_metric (font, &char2b);
              if (pcm->width == 0
                  && pcm->rbearing == 0 && pcm->lbearing == 0)
                pcm = NULL;
            }

          if (pcm)
            {
              it->phys_ascent = pcm->ascent + boff;
              it->phys_descent = pcm->descent - boff;
              it->pixel_width = pcm->width;
              /* Don't use font-global values for ascent and descent
                 if they result in an exceedingly large line height.  */
              if (it->override_ascent < 0)
                {
                  if (FONT_TOO_HIGH (font))
                    {
                      it->ascent = it->phys_ascent;
                      it->descent = it->phys_descent;
                      /* These limitations are enforced by an
                         assertion near the end of this function.  */
                      if (it->ascent < 0)
                        it->ascent = 0;
                      if (it->descent < 0)
                        it->descent = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
          else
            {
              it->glyph_not_available_p = true;
              it->phys_ascent = it->ascent;
              it->phys_descent = it->descent;
              it->pixel_width = font->space_width;
            }

          if (it->constrain_row_ascent_descent_p)
            {
              if (it->descent > it->max_descent)
                {
                  it->ascent += it->descent - it->max_descent;
                  it->descent = it->max_descent;
                }
              if (it->ascent > it->max_ascent)
                {
                  it->descent = min (it->max_descent, it->descent + it->ascent - it->max_ascent);
                  it->ascent = it->max_ascent;
                }
              it->phys_ascent = min (it->phys_ascent, it->ascent);
              it->phys_descent = min (it->phys_descent, it->descent);
              extra_line_spacing = 0;
            }

          /* If this is a space inside a region of text with
             `space-width' property, change its width.  */
          bool stretched_p
            = it->char_to_display == ' ' && !NILP (it->space_width);
          if (stretched_p)
            it->pixel_width *= XFLOATINT (it->space_width);

          /* If face has a box, add the box thickness to the character
             height.  If character has a box line to the left and/or
             right, add the box line width to the character's width.  */
          if (face->box != FACE_NO_BOX)
            {
              int thick = face->box_line_width;

              if (thick > 0)
                {
                  it->ascent += thick;
                  it->descent += thick;
                }
              else
                thick = -thick;

              if (it->start_of_box_run_p)
                it->pixel_width += thick;
              if (it->end_of_box_run_p)
                it->pixel_width += thick;
            }

          /* If face has an overline, add the height of the overline
             (1 pixel) and a 1 pixel margin to the character height.  */
          if (face->overline_p)
            it->ascent += overline_margin;

          if (it->constrain_row_ascent_descent_p)
            {
              if (it->ascent > it->max_ascent)
                it->ascent = it->max_ascent;
              if (it->descent > it->max_descent)
                it->descent = it->max_descent;
            }

          take_vertical_position_into_account (it);

          /* If we have to actually produce glyphs, do it.  */
          if (it->glyph_row)
            {
              if (stretched_p)
                {
                  /* Translate a space with a `space-width' property
                     into a stretch glyph.  */
                  int ascent = (((it->ascent + it->descent) * FONT_BASE (font))
                                / FONT_HEIGHT (font));
                  append_stretch_glyph (it, it->object, it->pixel_width,
                                        it->ascent + it->descent, ascent);
                }
              else
                append_glyph (it);

              /* If characters with lbearing or rbearing are displayed
                 in this line, record that fact in a flag of the
                 glyph row.  This is used to optimize X output code.  */
              if (pcm && (pcm->lbearing < 0 || pcm->rbearing > pcm->width))
                it->glyph_row->contains_overlapping_glyphs_p = true;
            }
          if (! stretched_p && it->pixel_width == 0)
            /* We assure that all visible glyphs have at least 1-pixel
               width.  */
            it->pixel_width = 1;
        }
      else if (it->char_to_display == '\n')
        {
          /* A newline has no width, but we need the height of the
             line.  But if previous part of the line sets a height,
             don't increase that height.  */

          Lisp_Object height;
          Lisp_Object total_height = Qnil;

          it->override_ascent = -1;
          it->pixel_width = 0;
          it->nglyphs = 0;

          height = get_it_property (it, Qline_height);
          /* Split (line-height total-height) list.  */
          if (CONSP (height)
              && CONSP (XCDR (height))
              && NILP (XCDR (XCDR (height))))
            {
              total_height = XCAR (XCDR (height));
              height = XCAR (height);
            }
          height = calc_line_height_property (it, height, font, boff, true);

          if (it->override_ascent >= 0)
            {
              it->ascent = it->override_ascent;
              it->descent = it->override_descent;
              boff = it->override_boff;
            }
          else
            {
              if (FONT_TOO_HIGH (font))
                {
                  it->ascent = font->pixel_size + boff - 1;
                  it->descent = -boff + 1;
                  if (it->descent < 0)
                    it->descent = 0;
                }
              else
                {
                  it->ascent = FONT_BASE (font) + boff;
                  it->descent = FONT_DESCENT (font) - boff;
                }
            }

          if (EQ (height, Qt))
            {
              if (it->descent > it->max_descent)
                {
                  it->ascent += it->descent - it->max_descent;
                  it->descent = it->max_descent;
                }
              if (it->ascent > it->max_ascent)
                {
                  it->descent = min (it->max_descent, it->descent + it->ascent - it->max_ascent);
                  it->ascent = it->max_ascent;
                }
              it->phys_ascent = min (it->phys_ascent, it->ascent);
              it->phys_descent = min (it->phys_descent, it->descent);
              it->constrain_row_ascent_descent_p = true;
              extra_line_spacing = 0;
            }
          else
            {
              Lisp_Object spacing;

              it->phys_ascent = it->ascent;
              it->phys_descent = it->descent;

              if ((it->max_ascent > 0 || it->max_descent > 0)
                  && face->box != FACE_NO_BOX
                  && face->box_line_width > 0)
                {
                  it->ascent += face->box_line_width;
                  it->descent += face->box_line_width;
                }
              if (!NILP (height)
                  && XINT (height) > it->ascent + it->descent)
                it->ascent = XINT (height) - it->descent;

              if (!NILP (total_height))
                spacing = calc_line_height_property (it, total_height, font,
                                                     boff, false);
              else
                {
                  spacing = get_it_property (it, Qline_spacing);
                  spacing = calc_line_height_property (it, spacing, font,
                                                       boff, false);
                }
              if (INTEGERP (spacing))
                {
                  extra_line_spacing = XINT (spacing);
                  if (!NILP (total_height))
                    extra_line_spacing -= (it->phys_ascent + it->phys_descent);
                }
            }
        }
      else                    /* i.e. (it->char_to_display == '\t') */
        {
          if (font->space_width > 0)
            {
              int tab_width = it->tab_width * font->space_width;
              int x = it->current_x + it->continuation_lines_width;
              int x0 = x;
              /* Adjust for line numbers, if needed.   */
              if (!NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers) && it->line_number_produced_p)
                {
                  x -= it->lnum_pixel_width;
                  /* Restore the original TAB width, if required.  */
                  if (x + it->tab_offset >= it->first_visible_x)
                    x += it->tab_offset;
                }

              int next_tab_x = ((1 + x + tab_width - 1) / tab_width) * tab_width;

              /* If the distance from the current position to the next tab
                 stop is less than a space character width, use the
                 tab stop after that.  */
              if (next_tab_x - x < font->space_width)
                next_tab_x += tab_width;
              if (!NILP (Vdisplay_line_numbers) && it->line_number_produced_p)
                {
                  next_tab_x += it->lnum_pixel_width;
                  /* If the line is hscrolled, and the TAB starts before
                     the first visible pixel, simulate negative row->x.  */
                  if (x < it->first_visible_x)
                    {
                      next_tab_x -= it->first_visible_x - x;
                      it->tab_offset = it->first_visible_x - x;
                    }
                  else
                    next_tab_x -= it->tab_offset;
                }

              it->pixel_width = next_tab_x - x0;
              it->nglyphs = 1;
              if (FONT_TOO_HIGH (font))
                {
                  if (get_char_glyph_code (' ', font, &char2b))
                    {
                      pcm = get_per_char_metric (font, &char2b);
                      if (pcm->width == 0
                          && pcm->rbearing == 0 && pcm->lbearing == 0)
                        pcm = NULL;
                    }

                  if (pcm)
                    {
                      it->ascent = pcm->ascent + boff;
                      it->descent = pcm->descent - boff;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      it->ascent = font->pixel_size + boff - 1;
                      it->descent = -boff + 1;
                    }
                  if (it->ascent < 0)
                    it->ascent = 0;
                  if (it->descent < 0)
                    it->descent = 0;
                }
              else
                {
                  it->ascent = FONT_BASE (font) + boff;
                  it->descent = FONT_DESCENT (font) - boff;
                }
              it->phys_ascent = it->ascent;
              it->phys_descent = it->descent;

              if (it->glyph_row)
                {
                  append_stretch_glyph (it, it->object, it->pixel_width,
                                        it->ascent + it->descent, it->ascent);
                }
            }
          else
            {
              it->pixel_width = 0;
              it->nglyphs = 1;
            }
        }

      if (FONT_TOO_HIGH (font))
        {
          int font_ascent, font_descent;

          /* For very large fonts, where we ignore the declared font
             dimensions, and go by per-character metrics instead,
             don't let the row ascent and descent values (and the row
             height computed from them) be smaller than the "normal"
             character metrics.  This avoids unpleasant effects
             whereby lines on display would change their height
             depending on which characters are shown.  */
          normal_char_ascent_descent (font, -1, &font_ascent, &font_descent);
          it->max_ascent = max (it->max_ascent, font_ascent);
          it->max_descent = max (it->max_descent, font_descent);
        }
    }
  else if (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION && it->cmp_it.ch < 0)
    {
      /* A static composition.

         Note: A composition is represented as one glyph in the
         glyph matrix.  There are no padding glyphs.

         Important note: pixel_width, ascent, and descent are the
         values of what is drawn by draw_glyphs (i.e. the values of
         the overall glyphs composed).  */
      struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
      int boff;                 /* baseline offset */
      struct composition *cmp = composition_table[it->cmp_it.id];
      int glyph_len = cmp->glyph_len;
      struct font *font = face->font;

      it->nglyphs = 1;

      /* If we have not yet calculated pixel size data of glyphs of
         the composition for the current face font, calculate them
         now.  Theoretically, we have to check all fonts for the
         glyphs, but that requires much time and memory space.  So,
         here we check only the font of the first glyph.  This may
         lead to incorrect display, but it's very rare, and C-l
         (recenter-top-bottom) can correct the display anyway.  */
      if (! cmp->font || cmp->font != font)
        {
          /* Ascent and descent of the font of the first character
             of this composition (adjusted by baseline offset).
             Ascent and descent of overall glyphs should not be less
             than these, respectively.  */
          int font_ascent, font_descent, font_height;
          /* Bounding box of the overall glyphs.  */
          int leftmost, rightmost, lowest, highest;
          int lbearing, rbearing;
          int i, width, ascent, descent;
          int c;
          XChar2b char2b;
          struct font_metrics *pcm;
          ptrdiff_t pos;

          eassume (0 < glyph_len); /* See Bug#8512.  */
          do
            c = COMPOSITION_GLYPH (cmp, glyph_len - 1);
          while (c == '\t' && 0 < --glyph_len);

          bool right_padded = glyph_len < cmp->glyph_len;
          for (i = 0; i < glyph_len; i++)
            {
              c = COMPOSITION_GLYPH (cmp, i);
              if (c != '\t')
                break;
              cmp->offsets[i * 2] = cmp->offsets[i * 2 + 1] = 0;
            }
          bool left_padded = i > 0;

          pos = (STRINGP (it->string) ? IT_STRING_CHARPOS (*it)
                 : IT_CHARPOS (*it));
          /* If no suitable font is found, use the default font.  */
          bool font_not_found_p = font == NULL;
          if (font_not_found_p)
            {
              face = face->ascii_face;
              font = face->font;
            }
          boff = font->baseline_offset;
          if (font->vertical_centering)
            boff = VCENTER_BASELINE_OFFSET (font, it->f) - boff;
          normal_char_ascent_descent (font, -1, &font_ascent, &font_descent);
          font_ascent +=  boff;
          font_descent -= boff;
          font_height = font_ascent + font_descent;

          cmp->font = font;

          pcm = NULL;
          if (! font_not_found_p)
            {
              get_char_face_and_encoding (it->f, c, it->face_id,
                                          &char2b, false);
              pcm = get_per_char_metric (font, &char2b);
            }

          /* Initialize the bounding box.  */
          if (pcm)
            {
              width = cmp->glyph_len > 0 ? pcm->width : 0;
              ascent = pcm->ascent;
              descent = pcm->descent;
              lbearing = pcm->lbearing;
              rbearing = pcm->rbearing;
            }
          else
            {
              width = cmp->glyph_len > 0 ? font->space_width : 0;
              ascent = FONT_BASE (font);
              descent = FONT_DESCENT (font);
              lbearing = 0;
              rbearing = width;
            }

          rightmost = width;
          leftmost = 0;
          lowest = - descent + boff;
          highest = ascent + boff;

          if (! font_not_found_p
              && font->default_ascent
              && CHAR_TABLE_P (Vuse_default_ascent)
              && !NILP (Faref (Vuse_default_ascent,
                               make_number (it->char_to_display))))
            highest = font->default_ascent + boff;

          /* Draw the first glyph at the normal position.  It may be
             shifted to right later if some other glyphs are drawn
             at the left.  */
          cmp->offsets[i * 2] = 0;
          cmp->offsets[i * 2 + 1] = boff;
          cmp->lbearing = lbearing;
          cmp->rbearing = rbearing;

          /* Set cmp->offsets for the remaining glyphs.  */
          for (i++; i < glyph_len; i++)
            {
              int left, right, btm, top;
              int ch = COMPOSITION_GLYPH (cmp, i);
              int face_id;
              struct face *this_face;

              if (ch == '\t')
                ch = ' ';
              face_id = FACE_FOR_CHAR (it->f, face, ch, pos, it->string);
              this_face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, face_id);
              font = this_face->font;

              if (font == NULL)
                pcm = NULL;
              else
                {
                  get_char_face_and_encoding (it->f, ch, face_id,
                                              &char2b, false);
                  pcm = get_per_char_metric (font, &char2b);
                }
              if (! pcm)
                cmp->offsets[i * 2] = cmp->offsets[i * 2 + 1] = 0;
              else
                {
                  width = pcm->width;
                  ascent = pcm->ascent;
                  descent = pcm->descent;
                  lbearing = pcm->lbearing;
                  rbearing = pcm->rbearing;
                  if (cmp->method != COMPOSITION_WITH_RULE_ALTCHARS)
                    {
                      /* Relative composition with or without
                         alternate chars.  */
                      left = (leftmost + rightmost - width) / 2;
                      btm = - descent + boff;
                      if (font->relative_compose
                          && (! CHAR_TABLE_P (Vignore_relative_composition)
                              || NILP (Faref (Vignore_relative_composition,
                                              make_number (ch)))))
                        {

                          if (- descent >= font->relative_compose)
                            /* One extra pixel between two glyphs.  */
                            btm = highest + 1;
                          else if (ascent <= 0)
                            /* One extra pixel between two glyphs.  */
                            btm = lowest - 1 - ascent - descent;
                        }
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      /* A composition rule is specified by an integer
                         value that encodes global and new reference
                         points (GREF and NREF).  GREF and NREF are
                         specified by numbers as below:

                         0---1---2 -- ascent
                         |       |
                         |       |
                         |       |
                         9--10--11 -- center
                         |       |
                         ---3---4---5--- baseline
                         |       |
                         6---7---8 -- descent
                      */
                      int rule = COMPOSITION_RULE (cmp, i);
                      int gref, nref, grefx, grefy, nrefx, nrefy, xoff, yoff;

                      COMPOSITION_DECODE_RULE (rule, gref, nref, xoff, yoff);
                      grefx = gref % 3, nrefx = nref % 3;
                      grefy = gref / 3, nrefy = nref / 3;
                      if (xoff)
                        xoff = font_height * (xoff - 128) / 256;
                      if (yoff)
                        yoff = font_height * (yoff - 128) / 256;

                      left = (leftmost
                              + grefx * (rightmost - leftmost) / 2
                              - nrefx * width / 2
                              + xoff);

                      btm = ((grefy == 0 ? highest
                              : grefy == 1 ? 0
                              : grefy == 2 ? lowest
                              : (highest + lowest) / 2)
                             - (nrefy == 0 ? ascent + descent
                                : nrefy == 1 ? descent - boff
                                : nrefy == 2 ? 0
                                : (ascent + descent) / 2)
                             + yoff);
                    }

                  cmp->offsets[i * 2] = left;
                  cmp->offsets[i * 2 + 1] = btm + descent;

                  /* Update the bounding box of the overall glyphs. */
                  if (width > 0)
                    {
                      right = left + width;
                      if (left < leftmost)
                        leftmost = left;
                      if (right > rightmost)
                        rightmost = right;
                    }
                  top = btm + descent + ascent;
                  if (top > highest)
                    highest = top;
                  if (btm < lowest)
                    lowest = btm;

                  if (cmp->lbearing > left + lbearing)
                    cmp->lbearing = left + lbearing;
                  if (cmp->rbearing < left + rbearing)
                    cmp->rbearing = left + rbearing;
                }
            }

          /* If there are glyphs whose x-offsets are negative,
             shift all glyphs to the right and make all x-offsets
             non-negative.  */
          if (leftmost < 0)
            {
              for (i = 0; i < cmp->glyph_len; i++)
                cmp->offsets[i * 2] -= leftmost;
              rightmost -= leftmost;
              cmp->lbearing -= leftmost;
              cmp->rbearing -= leftmost;
            }

          if (left_padded && cmp->lbearing < 0)
            {
              for (i = 0; i < cmp->glyph_len; i++)
                cmp->offsets[i * 2] -= cmp->lbearing;
              rightmost -= cmp->lbearing;
              cmp->rbearing -= cmp->lbearing;
              cmp->lbearing = 0;
            }
          if (right_padded && rightmost < cmp->rbearing)
            {
              rightmost = cmp->rbearing;
            }

          cmp->pixel_width = rightmost;
          cmp->ascent = highest;
          cmp->descent = - lowest;
          if (cmp->ascent < font_ascent)
            cmp->ascent = font_ascent;
          if (cmp->descent < font_descent)
            cmp->descent = font_descent;
        }

      if (it->glyph_row
          && (cmp->lbearing < 0
              || cmp->rbearing > cmp->pixel_width))
        it->glyph_row->contains_overlapping_glyphs_p = true;

      it->pixel_width = cmp->pixel_width;
      it->ascent = it->phys_ascent = cmp->ascent;
      it->descent = it->phys_descent = cmp->descent;
      if (face->box != FACE_NO_BOX)
        {
          int thick = face->box_line_width;

          if (thick > 0)
            {
              it->ascent += thick;
              it->descent += thick;
            }
          else
            thick = - thick;

          if (it->start_of_box_run_p)
            it->pixel_width += thick;
          if (it->end_of_box_run_p)
            it->pixel_width += thick;
        }

      /* If face has an overline, add the height of the overline
         (1 pixel) and a 1 pixel margin to the character height.  */
      if (face->overline_p)
        it->ascent += overline_margin;

      take_vertical_position_into_account (it);
      if (it->ascent < 0)
        it->ascent = 0;
      if (it->descent < 0)
        it->descent = 0;

      if (it->glyph_row && cmp->glyph_len > 0)
        append_composite_glyph (it);
    }
  else if (it->what == IT_COMPOSITION)
    {
      /* A dynamic (automatic) composition.  */
      struct face *face = FACE_FROM_ID (it->f, it->face_id);
      Lisp_Object gstring;
      struct font_metrics metrics;

      it->nglyphs = 1;

      gstring = composition_gstring_from_id (it->cmp_it.id);
      it->pixel_width
        = composition_gstring_width (gstring, it->cmp_it.from, it->cmp_it.to,
                                     &metrics);
      if (it->glyph_row
          && (metrics.lbearing < 0 || metrics.rbearing > metrics.width))
        it->glyph_row->contains_overlapping_glyphs_p = true;
      it->ascent = it->phys_ascent = metrics.ascent;
      it->descent = it->phys_descent = metrics.descent;
      if (face->box != FACE_NO_BOX)
        {
          int thick = face->box_line_width;

          if (thick > 0)
            {
              it->ascent += thick;
              it->descent += thick;
            }
          else
            thick = - thick;

          if (it->start_of_box_run_p)
            it->pixel_width += thick;
          if (it->end_of_box_run_p)
            it->pixel_width += thick;
        }
      /* If face has an overline, add the height of the overline
         (1 pixel) and a 1 pixel margin to the character height.  */
      if (face->overline_p)
        it->ascent += overline_margin;
      take_vertical_position_into_account (it);
      if (it->ascent < 0)
        it->ascent = 0;
      if (it->descent < 0)
        it->descent = 0;

      if (it->glyph_row)
        append_composite_glyph (it);
    }
  else if (it->what == IT_GLYPHLESS)
    produce_glyphless_glyph (it, false, Qnil);
  else if (it->what == IT_IMAGE)
    produce_image_glyph (it);
  else if (it->what == IT_STRETCH)
    produce_stretch_glyph (it);
  else if (it->what == IT_XWIDGET)
    produce_xwidget_glyph (it);

 done:
  /* Accumulate dimensions.  Note: can't assume that it->descent > 0
     because this isn't true for images with `:ascent 100'.  */
  eassert (it->ascent >= 0 && it->descent >= 0);
  if (it->area == TEXT_AREA)
    it->current_x += it->pixel_width;

  if (extra_line_spacing > 0)
    {
      it->descent += extra_line_spacing;
      if (extra_line_spacing > it->max_extra_line_spacing)
        it->max_extra_line_spacing = extra_line_spacing;
    }

  it->max_ascent = max (it->max_ascent, it->ascent);
  it->max_descent = max (it->max_descent, it->descent);
  it->max_phys_ascent = max (it->max_phys_ascent, it->phys_ascent);
  it->max_phys_descent = max (it->max_phys_descent, it->phys_descent);
}

/* EXPORT for RIF:
   Output LEN glyphs starting at START at the nominal cursor position.
   Advance the nominal cursor over the text.  UPDATED_ROW is the glyph row
   being updated, and UPDATED_AREA is the area of that row being updated.  */

void
x_write_glyphs (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *updated_row,
                struct glyph *start, enum glyph_row_area updated_area, int len)
{
  int x, hpos, chpos = w->phys_cursor.hpos;

  eassert (updated_row);
  /* When the window is hscrolled, cursor hpos can legitimately be out
     of bounds, but we draw the cursor at the corresponding window
     margin in that case.  */
  if (!updated_row->reversed_p && chpos < 0)
    chpos = 0;
  if (updated_row->reversed_p && chpos >= updated_row->used[TEXT_AREA])
    chpos = updated_row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

  block_input ();

  /* Write glyphs.  */

  hpos = start - updated_row->glyphs[updated_area];
  x = draw_glyphs (w, w->output_cursor.x,
                   updated_row, updated_area,
                   hpos, hpos + len,
                   DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT, 0);

  /* Invalidate old phys cursor if the glyph at its hpos is redrawn.  */
  if (updated_area == TEXT_AREA
      && w->phys_cursor_on_p
      && w->phys_cursor.vpos == w->output_cursor.vpos
      && chpos >= hpos
      && chpos < hpos + len)
    w->phys_cursor_on_p = false;

  unblock_input ();

  /* Advance the output cursor.  */
  w->output_cursor.hpos += len;
  w->output_cursor.x = x;
}


/* EXPORT for RIF:
   Insert LEN glyphs from START at the nominal cursor position.  */

void
x_insert_glyphs (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *updated_row,
                 struct glyph *start, enum glyph_row_area updated_area, int len)
{
  struct frame *f;
  int line_height, shift_by_width, shifted_region_width;
  struct glyph_row *row;
  struct glyph *glyph;
  int frame_x, frame_y;
  ptrdiff_t hpos;

  eassert (updated_row);
  block_input ();
  f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));

  /* Get the height of the line we are in.  */
  row = updated_row;
  line_height = row->height;

  /* Get the width of the glyphs to insert.  */
  shift_by_width = 0;
  for (glyph = start; glyph < start + len; ++glyph)
    shift_by_width += glyph->pixel_width;

  /* Get the width of the region to shift right.  */
  shifted_region_width = (window_box_width (w, updated_area)
                          - w->output_cursor.x
                          - shift_by_width);

  /* Shift right.  */
  frame_x = window_box_left (w, updated_area) + w->output_cursor.x;
  frame_y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (w, w->output_cursor.y);

  FRAME_RIF (f)->shift_glyphs_for_insert (f, frame_x, frame_y, shifted_region_width,
                                          line_height, shift_by_width);

  /* Write the glyphs.  */
  hpos = start - row->glyphs[updated_area];
  draw_glyphs (w, w->output_cursor.x, row, updated_area,
               hpos, hpos + len,
               DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT, 0);

  /* Advance the output cursor.  */
  w->output_cursor.hpos += len;
  w->output_cursor.x += shift_by_width;
  unblock_input ();
}


/* EXPORT for RIF:
   Erase the current text line from the nominal cursor position
   (inclusive) to pixel column TO_X (exclusive).  The idea is that
   everything from TO_X onward is already erased.

   TO_X is a pixel position relative to UPDATED_AREA of currently
   updated window W.  TO_X == -1 means clear to the end of this area.  */

void
x_clear_end_of_line (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *updated_row,
                     enum glyph_row_area updated_area, int to_x)
{
  struct frame *f;
  int max_x, min_y, max_y;
  int from_x, from_y, to_y;

  eassert (updated_row);
  f = XFRAME (w->frame);

  if (updated_row->full_width_p)
    max_x = (WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w)
             - (updated_row->mode_line_p ? WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w) : 0));
  else
    max_x = window_box_width (w, updated_area);
  max_y = window_text_bottom_y (w);

  /* TO_X == 0 means don't do anything.  TO_X < 0 means clear to end
     of window.  For TO_X > 0, truncate to end of drawing area.  */
  if (to_x == 0)
    return;
  else if (to_x < 0)
    to_x = max_x;
  else
    to_x = min (to_x, max_x);

  to_y = min (max_y, w->output_cursor.y + updated_row->height);

  /* Notice if the cursor will be cleared by this operation.  */
  if (!updated_row->full_width_p)
    notice_overwritten_cursor (w, updated_area,
                               w->output_cursor.x, -1,
                               updated_row->y,
                               MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (updated_row));

  from_x = w->output_cursor.x;

  /* Translate to frame coordinates.  */
  if (updated_row->full_width_p)
    {
      from_x = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_X (w, from_x);
      to_x = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_X (w, to_x);
    }
  else
    {
      int area_left = window_box_left (w, updated_area);
      from_x += area_left;
      to_x += area_left;
    }

  min_y = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
  from_y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (w, max (min_y, w->output_cursor.y));
  to_y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (w, to_y);

  /* Prevent inadvertently clearing to end of the X window.  */
  if (to_x > from_x && to_y > from_y)
    {
      block_input ();
      FRAME_RIF (f)->clear_frame_area (f, from_x, from_y,
                                       to_x - from_x, to_y - from_y);
      unblock_input ();
    }
}

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */


\f
/***********************************************************************
                             Cursor types
 ***********************************************************************/

/* Value is the internal representation of the specified cursor type
   ARG.  If type is BAR_CURSOR, return in *WIDTH the specified width
   of the bar cursor.  */

static enum text_cursor_kinds
get_specified_cursor_type (Lisp_Object arg, int *width)
{
  enum text_cursor_kinds type;

  if (NILP (arg))
    return NO_CURSOR;

  if (EQ (arg, Qbox))
    return FILLED_BOX_CURSOR;

  if (EQ (arg, Qhollow))
    return HOLLOW_BOX_CURSOR;

  if (EQ (arg, Qbar))
    {
      *width = 2;
      return BAR_CURSOR;
    }

  if (CONSP (arg)
      && EQ (XCAR (arg), Qbar)
      && RANGED_INTEGERP (0, XCDR (arg), INT_MAX))
    {
      *width = XINT (XCDR (arg));
      return BAR_CURSOR;
    }

  if (EQ (arg, Qhbar))
    {
      *width = 2;
      return HBAR_CURSOR;
    }

  if (CONSP (arg)
      && EQ (XCAR (arg), Qhbar)
      && RANGED_INTEGERP (0, XCDR (arg), INT_MAX))
    {
      *width = XINT (XCDR (arg));
      return HBAR_CURSOR;
    }

  /* Treat anything unknown as "hollow box cursor".
     It was bad to signal an error; people have trouble fixing
     .Xdefaults with Emacs, when it has something bad in it.  */
  type = HOLLOW_BOX_CURSOR;

  return type;
}

/* Set the default cursor types for specified frame.  */
void
set_frame_cursor_types (struct frame *f, Lisp_Object arg)
{
  int width = 1;
  Lisp_Object tem;

  FRAME_DESIRED_CURSOR (f) = get_specified_cursor_type (arg, &width);
  FRAME_CURSOR_WIDTH (f) = width;

  /* By default, set up the blink-off state depending on the on-state.  */

  tem = Fassoc (arg, Vblink_cursor_alist, Qnil);
  if (!NILP (tem))
    {
      FRAME_BLINK_OFF_CURSOR (f)
        = get_specified_cursor_type (XCDR (tem), &width);
      FRAME_BLINK_OFF_CURSOR_WIDTH (f) = width;
    }
  else
    FRAME_BLINK_OFF_CURSOR (f) = DEFAULT_CURSOR;

  /* Make sure the cursor gets redrawn.  */
  f->cursor_type_changed = true;
}


#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Return the cursor we want to be displayed in window W.  Return
   width of bar/hbar cursor through WIDTH arg.  Return with
   ACTIVE_CURSOR arg set to true if cursor in window W is `active'
   (i.e. if the `system caret' should track this cursor).

   In a mini-buffer window, we want the cursor only to appear if we
   are reading input from this window.  For the selected window, we
   want the cursor type given by the frame parameter or buffer local
   setting of cursor-type.  If explicitly marked off, draw no cursor.
   In all other cases, we want a hollow box cursor.  */

static enum text_cursor_kinds
get_window_cursor_type (struct window *w, struct glyph *glyph, int *width,
                        bool *active_cursor)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct buffer *b = XBUFFER (w->contents);
  int cursor_type = DEFAULT_CURSOR;
  Lisp_Object alt_cursor;
  bool non_selected = false;

  *active_cursor = true;

  /* Echo area */
  if (cursor_in_echo_area
      && FRAME_HAS_MINIBUF_P (f)
      && EQ (FRAME_MINIBUF_WINDOW (f), echo_area_window))
    {
      if (w == XWINDOW (echo_area_window))
        {
          if (EQ (BVAR (b, cursor_type), Qt) || NILP (BVAR (b, cursor_type)))
            {
              *width = FRAME_CURSOR_WIDTH (f);
              return FRAME_DESIRED_CURSOR (f);
            }
          else
            return get_specified_cursor_type (BVAR (b, cursor_type), width);
        }

      *active_cursor = false;
      non_selected = true;
    }

  /* Detect a nonselected window or nonselected frame.  */
  else if (w != XWINDOW (f->selected_window)
           || f != FRAME_DISPLAY_INFO (f)->x_highlight_frame)
    {
      *active_cursor = false;

      if (MINI_WINDOW_P (w) && minibuf_level == 0)
        return NO_CURSOR;

      non_selected = true;
    }

  /* Never display a cursor in a window in which cursor-type is nil.  */
  if (NILP (BVAR (b, cursor_type)))
    return NO_CURSOR;

  /* Get the normal cursor type for this window.  */
  if (EQ (BVAR (b, cursor_type), Qt))
    {
      cursor_type = FRAME_DESIRED_CURSOR (f);
      *width = FRAME_CURSOR_WIDTH (f);
    }
  else
    cursor_type = get_specified_cursor_type (BVAR (b, cursor_type), width);

  /* Use cursor-in-non-selected-windows instead
     for non-selected window or frame.  */
  if (non_selected)
    {
      alt_cursor = BVAR (b, cursor_in_non_selected_windows);
      if (!EQ (Qt, alt_cursor))
        return get_specified_cursor_type (alt_cursor, width);
      /* t means modify the normal cursor type.  */
      if (cursor_type == FILLED_BOX_CURSOR)
        cursor_type = HOLLOW_BOX_CURSOR;
      else if (cursor_type == BAR_CURSOR && *width > 1)
        --*width;
      return cursor_type;
    }

  /* Use normal cursor if not blinked off.  */
  if (!w->cursor_off_p)
    {
      if (glyph != NULL && glyph->type == XWIDGET_GLYPH)
        return NO_CURSOR;
      if (glyph != NULL && glyph->type == IMAGE_GLYPH)
        {
          if (cursor_type == FILLED_BOX_CURSOR)
            {
              /* Using a block cursor on large images can be very annoying.
                 So use a hollow cursor for "large" images.
                 If image is not transparent (no mask), also use hollow cursor.  */
              struct image *img = IMAGE_OPT_FROM_ID (f, glyph->u.img_id);
              if (img != NULL && IMAGEP (img->spec))
                {
                  /* Arbitrarily, interpret "Large" as >32x32 and >NxN
                     where N = size of default frame font size.
                     This should cover most of the "tiny" icons people may use.  */
                  if (!img->mask
                      || img->width > max (32, WINDOW_FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (w))
                      || img->height > max (32, WINDOW_FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (w)))
                    cursor_type = HOLLOW_BOX_CURSOR;
                }
            }
          else if (cursor_type != NO_CURSOR)
            {
              /* Display current only supports BOX and HOLLOW cursors for images.
                 So for now, unconditionally use a HOLLOW cursor when cursor is
                 not a solid box cursor.  */
              cursor_type = HOLLOW_BOX_CURSOR;
            }
      }
      return cursor_type;
    }

  /* Cursor is blinked off, so determine how to "toggle" it.  */

  /* First look for an entry matching the buffer's cursor-type in blink-cursor-alist.  */
  if ((alt_cursor = Fassoc (BVAR (b, cursor_type), Vblink_cursor_alist, Qnil), !NILP (alt_cursor)))
    return get_specified_cursor_type (XCDR (alt_cursor), width);

  /* Then see if frame has specified a specific blink off cursor type.  */
  if (FRAME_BLINK_OFF_CURSOR (f) != DEFAULT_CURSOR)
    {
      *width = FRAME_BLINK_OFF_CURSOR_WIDTH (f);
      return FRAME_BLINK_OFF_CURSOR (f);
    }

#if false
  /* Some people liked having a permanently visible blinking cursor,
     while others had very strong opinions against it.  So it was
     decided to remove it.  KFS 2003-09-03 */

  /* Finally perform built-in cursor blinking:
       filled box      <->   hollow box
       wide [h]bar     <->   narrow [h]bar
       narrow [h]bar   <->   no cursor
       other type      <->   no cursor  */

  if (cursor_type == FILLED_BOX_CURSOR)
    return HOLLOW_BOX_CURSOR;

  if ((cursor_type == BAR_CURSOR || cursor_type == HBAR_CURSOR) && *width > 1)
    {
      *width = 1;
      return cursor_type;
    }
#endif

  return NO_CURSOR;
}


/* Notice when the text cursor of window W has been completely
   overwritten by a drawing operation that outputs glyphs in AREA
   starting at X0 and ending at X1 in the line starting at Y0 and
   ending at Y1.  X coordinates are area-relative.  X1 < 0 means all
   the rest of the line after X0 has been written.  Y coordinates
   are window-relative.  */

static void
notice_overwritten_cursor (struct window *w, enum glyph_row_area area,
                           int x0, int x1, int y0, int y1)
{
  int cx0, cx1, cy0, cy1;
  struct glyph_row *row;

  if (!w->phys_cursor_on_p)
    return;
  if (area != TEXT_AREA)
    return;

  if (w->phys_cursor.vpos < 0
      || w->phys_cursor.vpos >= w->current_matrix->nrows
      || (row = w->current_matrix->rows + w->phys_cursor.vpos,
          !(row->enabled_p && MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (row))))
    return;

  if (row->cursor_in_fringe_p)
    {
      row->cursor_in_fringe_p = false;
      draw_fringe_bitmap (w, row, row->reversed_p);
      w->phys_cursor_on_p = false;
      return;
    }

  cx0 = w->phys_cursor.x;
  cx1 = cx0 + w->phys_cursor_width;
  if (x0 > cx0 || (x1 >= 0 && x1 < cx1))
    return;

  /* The cursor image will be completely removed from the
     screen if the output area intersects the cursor area in
     y-direction.  When we draw in [y0 y1[, and some part of
     the cursor is at y < y0, that part must have been drawn
     before.  When scrolling, the cursor is erased before
     actually scrolling, so we don't come here.  When not
     scrolling, the rows above the old cursor row must have
     changed, and in this case these rows must have written
     over the cursor image.

     Likewise if part of the cursor is below y1, with the
     exception of the cursor being in the first blank row at
     the buffer and window end because update_text_area
     doesn't draw that row.  (Except when it does, but
     that's handled in update_text_area.)  */

  cy0 = w->phys_cursor.y;
  cy1 = cy0 + w->phys_cursor_height;
  if ((y0 < cy0 || y0 >= cy1) && (y1 <= cy0 || y1 >= cy1))
    return;

  w->phys_cursor_on_p = false;
}

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

\f
/************************************************************************
                              Mouse Face
 ************************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* EXPORT for RIF:
   Fix the display of area AREA of overlapping row ROW in window W
   with respect to the overlapping part OVERLAPS.  */

void
x_fix_overlapping_area (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row,
                        enum glyph_row_area area, int overlaps)
{
  int i, x;

  block_input ();

  x = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < row->used[area];)
    {
      if (row->glyphs[area][i].overlaps_vertically_p)
        {
          int start = i, start_x = x;

          do
            {
              x += row->glyphs[area][i].pixel_width;
              ++i;
            }
          while (i < row->used[area]
                 && row->glyphs[area][i].overlaps_vertically_p);

          draw_glyphs (w, start_x, row, area,
                       start, i,
                       DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT, overlaps);
        }
      else
        {
          x += row->glyphs[area][i].pixel_width;
          ++i;
        }
    }

  unblock_input ();
}


/* EXPORT:
   Draw the cursor glyph of window W in glyph row ROW.  See the
   comment of draw_glyphs for the meaning of HL.  */

void
draw_phys_cursor_glyph (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row,
                        enum draw_glyphs_face hl)
{
  /* If cursor hpos is out of bounds, don't draw garbage.  This can
     happen in mini-buffer windows when switching between echo area
     glyphs and mini-buffer.  */
  if ((row->reversed_p
       ? (w->phys_cursor.hpos >= 0)
       : (w->phys_cursor.hpos < row->used[TEXT_AREA])))
    {
      bool on_p = w->phys_cursor_on_p;
      int x1;
      int hpos = w->phys_cursor.hpos;

      /* When the window is hscrolled, cursor hpos can legitimately be
         out of bounds, but we draw the cursor at the corresponding
         window margin in that case.  */
      if (!row->reversed_p && hpos < 0)
        hpos = 0;
      if (row->reversed_p && hpos >= row->used[TEXT_AREA])
        hpos = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

      x1 = draw_glyphs (w, w->phys_cursor.x, row, TEXT_AREA, hpos, hpos + 1,
                        hl, 0);
      w->phys_cursor_on_p = on_p;

      if (hl == DRAW_CURSOR)
        w->phys_cursor_width = x1 - w->phys_cursor.x;
      /* When we erase the cursor, and ROW is overlapped by other
         rows, make sure that these overlapping parts of other rows
         are redrawn.  */
      else if (hl == DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT && row->overlapped_p)
        {
          w->phys_cursor_width = x1 - w->phys_cursor.x;

          if (row > w->current_matrix->rows
              && MATRIX_ROW_OVERLAPS_SUCC_P (row - 1))
            x_fix_overlapping_area (w, row - 1, TEXT_AREA,
                                    OVERLAPS_ERASED_CURSOR);

          if (MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) < window_text_bottom_y (w)
              && MATRIX_ROW_OVERLAPS_PRED_P (row + 1))
            x_fix_overlapping_area (w, row + 1, TEXT_AREA,
                                    OVERLAPS_ERASED_CURSOR);
        }
    }
}


/* Erase the image of a cursor of window W from the screen.  */

void
erase_phys_cursor (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
  int hpos = w->phys_cursor.hpos;
  int vpos = w->phys_cursor.vpos;
  bool mouse_face_here_p = false;
  struct glyph_matrix *active_glyphs = w->current_matrix;
  struct glyph_row *cursor_row;
  struct glyph *cursor_glyph;
  enum draw_glyphs_face hl;

  /* No cursor displayed or row invalidated => nothing to do on the
     screen.  */
  if (w->phys_cursor_type == NO_CURSOR)
    goto mark_cursor_off;

  /* VPOS >= active_glyphs->nrows means that window has been resized.
     Don't bother to erase the cursor.  */
  if (vpos >= active_glyphs->nrows)
    goto mark_cursor_off;

  /* If row containing cursor is marked invalid, there is nothing we
     can do.  */
  cursor_row = MATRIX_ROW (active_glyphs, vpos);
  if (!cursor_row->enabled_p)
    goto mark_cursor_off;

  /* If line spacing is > 0, old cursor may only be partially visible in
     window after split-window.  So adjust visible height.  */
  cursor_row->visible_height = min (cursor_row->visible_height,
                                    window_text_bottom_y (w) - cursor_row->y);

  /* If row is completely invisible, don't attempt to delete a cursor which
     isn't there.  This can happen if cursor is at top of a window, and
     we switch to a buffer with a header line in that window.  */
  if (cursor_row->visible_height <= 0)
    goto mark_cursor_off;

  /* If cursor is in the fringe, erase by drawing actual bitmap there.  */
  if (cursor_row->cursor_in_fringe_p)
    {
      cursor_row->cursor_in_fringe_p = false;
      draw_fringe_bitmap (w, cursor_row, cursor_row->reversed_p);
      goto mark_cursor_off;
    }

  /* This can happen when the new row is shorter than the old one.
     In this case, either draw_glyphs or clear_end_of_line
     should have cleared the cursor.  Note that we wouldn't be
     able to erase the cursor in this case because we don't have a
     cursor glyph at hand.  */
  if ((cursor_row->reversed_p
       ? (w->phys_cursor.hpos < 0)
       : (w->phys_cursor.hpos >= cursor_row->used[TEXT_AREA])))
    goto mark_cursor_off;

  /* When the window is hscrolled, cursor hpos can legitimately be out
     of bounds, but we draw the cursor at the corresponding window
     margin in that case.  */
  if (!cursor_row->reversed_p && hpos < 0)
    hpos = 0;
  if (cursor_row->reversed_p && hpos >= cursor_row->used[TEXT_AREA])
    hpos = cursor_row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

  /* If the cursor is in the mouse face area, redisplay that when
     we clear the cursor.  */
  if (! NILP (hlinfo->mouse_face_window)
      && coords_in_mouse_face_p (w, hpos, vpos)
      /* Don't redraw the cursor's spot in mouse face if it is at the
         end of a line (on a newline).  The cursor appears there, but
         mouse highlighting does not.  */
      && cursor_row->used[TEXT_AREA] > hpos && hpos >= 0)
    mouse_face_here_p = true;

  /* Maybe clear the display under the cursor.  */
  if (w->phys_cursor_type == HOLLOW_BOX_CURSOR)
    {
      int x, y;
      int header_line_height = WINDOW_HEADER_LINE_HEIGHT (w);
      int width;

      cursor_glyph = get_phys_cursor_glyph (w);
      if (cursor_glyph == NULL)
        goto mark_cursor_off;

      width = cursor_glyph->pixel_width;
      x = w->phys_cursor.x;
      if (x < 0)
        {
          width += x;
          x = 0;
        }
      width = min (width, window_box_width (w, TEXT_AREA) - x);
      y = WINDOW_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_Y (w, max (header_line_height, cursor_row->y));
      x = WINDOW_TEXT_TO_FRAME_PIXEL_X (w, x);

      if (width > 0)
        FRAME_RIF (f)->clear_frame_area (f, x, y, width, cursor_row->visible_height);
    }

  /* Erase the cursor by redrawing the character underneath it.  */
  if (mouse_face_here_p)
    hl = DRAW_MOUSE_FACE;
  else
    hl = DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT;
  draw_phys_cursor_glyph (w, cursor_row, hl);

 mark_cursor_off:
  w->phys_cursor_on_p = false;
  w->phys_cursor_type = NO_CURSOR;
}


/* Display or clear cursor of window W.  If !ON, clear the cursor.
   If ON, display the cursor; where to put the cursor is specified by
   HPOS, VPOS, X and Y.  */

void
display_and_set_cursor (struct window *w, bool on,
                        int hpos, int vpos, int x, int y)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int new_cursor_type;
  int new_cursor_width;
  bool active_cursor;
  struct glyph_row *glyph_row;
  struct glyph *glyph;

  /* This is pointless on invisible frames, and dangerous on garbaged
     windows and frames; in the latter case, the frame or window may
     be in the midst of changing its size, and x and y may be off the
     window.  */
  if (! FRAME_VISIBLE_P (f)
      || vpos >= w->current_matrix->nrows
      || hpos >= w->current_matrix->matrix_w)
    return;

  /* If cursor is off and we want it off, return quickly.  */
  if (!on && !w->phys_cursor_on_p)
    return;

  glyph_row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos);
  /* If cursor row is not enabled, we don't really know where to
     display the cursor.  */
  if (!glyph_row->enabled_p)
    {
      w->phys_cursor_on_p = false;
      return;
    }

  /* A frame might be marked garbaged even though its cursor position
     is correct, and will not change upon subsequent redisplay.  This
     happens in some rare situations, like toggling the sort order in
     Dired windows.  We've already established that VPOS is valid, so
     it shouldn't do any harm to record the cursor position, as we are
     going to return without acting on it anyway.  Otherwise, expose
     events might come in and call update_window_cursor, which will
     blindly use outdated values in w->phys_cursor.  */
  if (FRAME_GARBAGED_P (f))
    {
      if (on)
        {
          w->phys_cursor.x = x;
          w->phys_cursor.y = glyph_row->y;
          w->phys_cursor.hpos = hpos;
          w->phys_cursor.vpos = vpos;
        }
      return;
    }

  glyph = NULL;
  if (0 <= hpos && hpos < glyph_row->used[TEXT_AREA])
    glyph = glyph_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + hpos;

  eassert (input_blocked_p ());

  /* Set new_cursor_type to the cursor we want to be displayed.  */
  new_cursor_type = get_window_cursor_type (w, glyph,
                                            &new_cursor_width, &active_cursor);

  /* If cursor is currently being shown and we don't want it to be or
     it is in the wrong place, or the cursor type is not what we want,
     erase it.  */
  if (w->phys_cursor_on_p
      && (!on
          || w->phys_cursor.x != x
          || w->phys_cursor.y != y
          /* HPOS can be negative in R2L rows whose
             exact_window_width_line_p flag is set (i.e. their newline
             would "overflow into the fringe").  */
          || hpos < 0
          || new_cursor_type != w->phys_cursor_type
          || ((new_cursor_type == BAR_CURSOR || new_cursor_type == HBAR_CURSOR)
              && new_cursor_width != w->phys_cursor_width)))
    erase_phys_cursor (w);

  /* Don't check phys_cursor_on_p here because that flag is only set
     to false in some cases where we know that the cursor has been
     completely erased, to avoid the extra work of erasing the cursor
     twice.  In other words, phys_cursor_on_p can be true and the cursor
     still not be visible, or it has only been partly erased.  */
  if (on)
    {
      w->phys_cursor_ascent = glyph_row->ascent;
      w->phys_cursor_height = glyph_row->height;

      /* Set phys_cursor_.* before x_draw_.* is called because some
         of them may need the information.  */
      w->phys_cursor.x = x;
      w->phys_cursor.y = glyph_row->y;
      w->phys_cursor.hpos = hpos;
      w->phys_cursor.vpos = vpos;
    }

  FRAME_RIF (f)->draw_window_cursor (w, glyph_row, x, y,
                                     new_cursor_type, new_cursor_width,
                                     on, active_cursor);
}


/* Switch the display of W's cursor on or off, according to the value
   of ON.  */

static void
update_window_cursor (struct window *w, bool on)
{
  /* Don't update cursor in windows whose frame is in the process
     of being deleted.  */
  if (w->current_matrix)
    {
      int hpos = w->phys_cursor.hpos;
      int vpos = w->phys_cursor.vpos;
      struct glyph_row *row;

      if (vpos >= w->current_matrix->nrows
          || hpos >= w->current_matrix->matrix_w)
        return;

      row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos);

      /* When the window is hscrolled, cursor hpos can legitimately be
         out of bounds, but we draw the cursor at the corresponding
         window margin in that case.  */
      if (!row->reversed_p && hpos < 0)
        hpos = 0;
      if (row->reversed_p && hpos >= row->used[TEXT_AREA])
        hpos = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

      block_input ();
      display_and_set_cursor (w, on, hpos, vpos,
                              w->phys_cursor.x, w->phys_cursor.y);
      unblock_input ();
    }
}


/* Call update_window_cursor with parameter ON_P on all leaf windows
   in the window tree rooted at W.  */

static void
update_cursor_in_window_tree (struct window *w, bool on_p)
{
  while (w)
    {
      if (WINDOWP (w->contents))
        update_cursor_in_window_tree (XWINDOW (w->contents), on_p);
      else
        update_window_cursor (w, on_p);

      w = NILP (w->next) ? 0 : XWINDOW (w->next);
    }
}


/* EXPORT:
   Display the cursor on window W, or clear it, according to ON_P.
   Don't change the cursor's position.  */

void
x_update_cursor (struct frame *f, bool on_p)
{
  update_cursor_in_window_tree (XWINDOW (f->root_window), on_p);
}


/* EXPORT:
   Clear the cursor of window W to background color, and mark the
   cursor as not shown.  This is used when the text where the cursor
   is about to be rewritten.  */

void
x_clear_cursor (struct window *w)
{
  if (FRAME_VISIBLE_P (XFRAME (w->frame)) && w->phys_cursor_on_p)
    update_window_cursor (w, false);
}

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

/* Implementation of draw_row_with_mouse_face for GUI sessions, GPM,
   and MSDOS.  */
static void
draw_row_with_mouse_face (struct window *w, int start_x, struct glyph_row *row,
                          int start_hpos, int end_hpos,
                          enum draw_glyphs_face draw)
{
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (XFRAME (w->frame)))
    {
      draw_glyphs (w, start_x, row, TEXT_AREA, start_hpos, end_hpos, draw, 0);
      return;
    }
#endif
#if defined (HAVE_GPM) || defined (MSDOS) || defined (WINDOWSNT)
  tty_draw_row_with_mouse_face (w, row, start_hpos, end_hpos, draw);
#endif
}

/* Display the active region described by mouse_face_* according to DRAW.  */

static void
show_mouse_face (Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo, enum draw_glyphs_face draw)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (hlinfo->mouse_face_window);
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));

  if (/* If window is in the process of being destroyed, don't bother
         to do anything.  */
      w->current_matrix != NULL
      /* Don't update mouse highlight if hidden.  */
      && (draw != DRAW_MOUSE_FACE || !hlinfo->mouse_face_hidden)
      /* Recognize when we are called to operate on rows that don't exist
         anymore.  This can happen when a window is split.  */
      && hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row < w->current_matrix->nrows)
    {
      bool phys_cursor_on_p = w->phys_cursor_on_p;
      struct glyph_row *row, *first, *last;

      first = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row);
      last = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row);

      for (row = first; row <= last && row->enabled_p; ++row)
        {
          int start_hpos, end_hpos, start_x;

          /* For all but the first row, the highlight starts at column 0.  */
          if (row == first)
            {
              /* R2L rows have BEG and END in reversed order, but the
                 screen drawing geometry is always left to right.  So
                 we need to mirror the beginning and end of the
                 highlighted area in R2L rows.  */
              if (!row->reversed_p)
                {
                  start_hpos = hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col;
                  start_x = hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x;
                }
              else if (row == last)
                {
                  start_hpos = hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col;
                  start_x = hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x;
                }
              else
                {
                  start_hpos = 0;
                  start_x = 0;
                }
            }
          else if (row->reversed_p && row == last)
            {
              start_hpos = hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col;
              start_x = hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x;
            }
          else
            {
              start_hpos = 0;
              start_x = 0;
            }

          if (row == last)
            {
              if (!row->reversed_p)
                end_hpos = hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col;
              else if (row == first)
                end_hpos = hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col;
              else
                {
                  end_hpos = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
                  if (draw == DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT)
                    row->fill_line_p = true; /* Clear to end of line.  */
                }
            }
          else if (row->reversed_p && row == first)
            end_hpos = hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col;
          else
            {
              end_hpos = row->used[TEXT_AREA];
              if (draw == DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT)
                row->fill_line_p = true; /* Clear to end of line.  */
            }

          if (end_hpos > start_hpos)
            {
              draw_row_with_mouse_face (w, start_x, row,
                                        start_hpos, end_hpos, draw);

              row->mouse_face_p
                = draw == DRAW_MOUSE_FACE || draw == DRAW_IMAGE_RAISED;
            }
        }

      /* When we've written over the cursor, arrange for it to
         be displayed again.  */
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
          && phys_cursor_on_p && !w->phys_cursor_on_p)
        {
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
          int hpos = w->phys_cursor.hpos;

          /* When the window is hscrolled, cursor hpos can legitimately be
             out of bounds, but we draw the cursor at the corresponding
             window margin in that case.  */
          if (!row->reversed_p && hpos < 0)
            hpos = 0;
          if (row->reversed_p && hpos >= row->used[TEXT_AREA])
            hpos = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

          block_input ();
          display_and_set_cursor (w, true, hpos, w->phys_cursor.vpos,
                                  w->phys_cursor.x, w->phys_cursor.y);
          unblock_input ();
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
        }
    }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* Change the mouse cursor.  */
  if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) && NILP (do_mouse_tracking))
    {
#if ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)
      if (draw == DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT
          && !EQ (hlinfo->mouse_face_window, f->tool_bar_window))
        FRAME_RIF (f)->define_frame_cursor (f, FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->text_cursor);
      else
#endif
      if (draw == DRAW_MOUSE_FACE)
        FRAME_RIF (f)->define_frame_cursor (f, FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->hand_cursor);
      else
        FRAME_RIF (f)->define_frame_cursor (f, FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor);
    }
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */
}

/* EXPORT:
   Clear out the mouse-highlighted active region.
   Redraw it un-highlighted first.  Value is true if mouse
   face was actually drawn unhighlighted.  */

bool
clear_mouse_face (Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo)
{
  bool cleared
    = !hlinfo->mouse_face_hidden && !NILP (hlinfo->mouse_face_window);
  if (cleared)
    show_mouse_face (hlinfo, DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT);
  hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row = hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = -1;
  hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row = hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = -1;
  hlinfo->mouse_face_window = Qnil;
  hlinfo->mouse_face_overlay = Qnil;
  return cleared;
}

/* Return true if the coordinates HPOS and VPOS on windows W are
   within the mouse face on that window.  */
static bool
coords_in_mouse_face_p (struct window *w, int hpos, int vpos)
{
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (XFRAME (w->frame));

  /* Quickly resolve the easy cases.  */
  if (!(WINDOWP (hlinfo->mouse_face_window)
        && XWINDOW (hlinfo->mouse_face_window) == w))
    return false;
  if (vpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
      || vpos > hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row)
    return false;
  if (vpos > hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
      && vpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row)
    return true;

  if (!MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos)->reversed_p)
    {
      if (hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row == hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row)
        {
          if (hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col <= hpos && hpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col)
            return true;
        }
      else if ((vpos == hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
                && hpos >= hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col)
               || (vpos == hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row
                   && hpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col))
        return true;
    }
  else
    {
       if (hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row == hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row)
        {
          if (hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col < hpos && hpos <= hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col)
            return true;
        }
      else if ((vpos == hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
                && hpos <= hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col)
               || (vpos == hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row
                   && hpos > hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col))
        return true;
    }
  return false;
}


/* EXPORT:
   True if physical cursor of window W is within mouse face.  */

bool
cursor_in_mouse_face_p (struct window *w)
{
  int hpos = w->phys_cursor.hpos;
  int vpos = w->phys_cursor.vpos;
  struct glyph_row *row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos);

  /* When the window is hscrolled, cursor hpos can legitimately be out
     of bounds, but we draw the cursor at the corresponding window
     margin in that case.  */
  if (!row->reversed_p && hpos < 0)
    hpos = 0;
  if (row->reversed_p && hpos >= row->used[TEXT_AREA])
    hpos = row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;

  return coords_in_mouse_face_p (w, hpos, vpos);
}


\f
/* Find the glyph rows START_ROW and END_ROW of window W that display
   characters between buffer positions START_CHARPOS and END_CHARPOS
   (excluding END_CHARPOS).  DISP_STRING is a display string that
   covers these buffer positions.  This is similar to
   row_containing_pos, but is more accurate when bidi reordering makes
   buffer positions change non-linearly with glyph rows.  */
static void
rows_from_pos_range (struct window *w,
                     ptrdiff_t start_charpos, ptrdiff_t end_charpos,
                     Lisp_Object disp_string,
                     struct glyph_row **start, struct glyph_row **end)
{
  struct glyph_row *first = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
  int last_y = window_text_bottom_y (w);
  struct glyph_row *row;

  *start = NULL;
  *end = NULL;

  while (!first->enabled_p
         && first < MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix, w))
    first++;

  /* Find the START row.  */
  for (row = first;
       row->enabled_p && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) <= last_y;
       row++)
    {
      /* A row can potentially be the START row if the range of the
         characters it displays intersects the range
         [START_CHARPOS..END_CHARPOS).  */
      if (! ((start_charpos < MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row)
              && end_charpos < MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (row))
             /* See the commentary in row_containing_pos, for the
                explanation of the complicated way to check whether
                some position is beyond the end of the characters
                displayed by a row.  */
             || ((start_charpos > MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                  || (start_charpos == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                      && !row->ends_at_zv_p
                      && !MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (row)))
                 && (end_charpos > MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                     || (end_charpos == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (row)
                         && !row->ends_at_zv_p
                         && !MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (row))))))
        {
          /* Found a candidate row.  Now make sure at least one of the
             glyphs it displays has a charpos from the range
             [START_CHARPOS..END_CHARPOS).

             This is not obvious because bidi reordering could make
             buffer positions of a row be 1,2,3,102,101,100, and if we
             want to highlight characters in [50..60), we don't want
             this row, even though [50..60) does intersect [1..103),
             the range of character positions given by the row's start
             and end positions.  */
          struct glyph *g = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *e = g + row->used[TEXT_AREA];

          while (g < e)
            {
              if (((BUFFERP (g->object) || NILP (g->object))
                   && start_charpos <= g->charpos && g->charpos < end_charpos)
                  /* A glyph that comes from DISP_STRING is by
                     definition to be highlighted.  */
                  || EQ (g->object, disp_string))
                *start = row;
              g++;
            }
          if (*start)
            break;
        }
    }

  /* Find the END row.  */
  if (!*start
      /* If the last row is partially visible, start looking for END
         from that row, instead of starting from FIRST.  */
      && !(row->enabled_p
           && row->y < last_y && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) > last_y))
    row = first;
  for ( ; row->enabled_p && MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row) <= last_y; row++)
    {
      struct glyph_row *next = row + 1;
      ptrdiff_t next_start = MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (next);

      if (!next->enabled_p
          || next >= MATRIX_BOTTOM_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix, w)
          /* The first row >= START whose range of displayed characters
             does NOT intersect the range [START_CHARPOS..END_CHARPOS]
             is the row END + 1.  */
          || (start_charpos < next_start
              && end_charpos < next_start)
          || ((start_charpos > MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (next)
               || (start_charpos == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (next)
                   && !next->ends_at_zv_p
                   && !MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (next)))
              && (end_charpos > MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (next)
                  || (end_charpos == MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (next)
                      && !next->ends_at_zv_p
                      && !MATRIX_ROW_ENDS_IN_MIDDLE_OF_CHAR_P (next)))))
        {
          *end = row;
          break;
        }
      else
        {
          /* If the next row's edges intersect [START_CHARPOS..END_CHARPOS],
             but none of the characters it displays are in the range, it is
             also END + 1. */
          struct glyph *g = next->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          struct glyph *s = g;
          struct glyph *e = g + next->used[TEXT_AREA];

          while (g < e)
            {
              if (((BUFFERP (g->object) || NILP (g->object))
                   && ((start_charpos <= g->charpos && g->charpos < end_charpos)
                       /* If the buffer position of the first glyph in
                          the row is equal to END_CHARPOS, it means
                          the last character to be highlighted is the
                          newline of ROW, and we must consider NEXT as
                          END, not END+1.  */
                       || (((!next->reversed_p && g == s)
                            || (next->reversed_p && g == e - 1))
                           && (g->charpos == end_charpos
                               /* Special case for when NEXT is an
                                  empty line at ZV.  */
                               || (g->charpos == -1
                                   && !row->ends_at_zv_p
                                   && next_start == end_charpos)))))
                  /* A glyph that comes from DISP_STRING is by
                     definition to be highlighted.  */
                  || EQ (g->object, disp_string))
                break;
              g++;
            }
          if (g == e)
            {
              *end = row;
              break;
            }
          /* The first row that ends at ZV must be the last to be
             highlighted.  */
          else if (next->ends_at_zv_p)
            {
              *end = next;
              break;
            }
        }
    }
}

/* This function sets the mouse_face_* elements of HLINFO, assuming
   the mouse cursor is on a glyph with buffer charpos MOUSE_CHARPOS in
   window WINDOW.  START_CHARPOS and END_CHARPOS are buffer positions
   for the overlay or run of text properties specifying the mouse
   face.  BEFORE_STRING and AFTER_STRING, if non-nil, are a
   before-string and after-string that must also be highlighted.
   DISP_STRING, if non-nil, is a display string that may cover some
   or all of the highlighted text.  */

static void
mouse_face_from_buffer_pos (Lisp_Object window,
                            Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo,
                            ptrdiff_t mouse_charpos,
                            ptrdiff_t start_charpos,
                            ptrdiff_t end_charpos,
                            Lisp_Object before_string,
                            Lisp_Object after_string,
                            Lisp_Object disp_string)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  struct glyph_row *first = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
  struct glyph_row *r1, *r2;
  struct glyph *glyph, *end;
  ptrdiff_t ignore, pos;
  int x;

  eassert (NILP (disp_string) || STRINGP (disp_string));
  eassert (NILP (before_string) || STRINGP (before_string));
  eassert (NILP (after_string) || STRINGP (after_string));

  /* Find the rows corresponding to START_CHARPOS and END_CHARPOS.  */
  rows_from_pos_range (w, start_charpos, end_charpos, disp_string, &r1, &r2);
  if (r1 == NULL)
    r1 = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->window_end_vpos);
  /* If the before-string or display-string contains newlines,
     rows_from_pos_range skips to its last row.  Move back.  */
  if (!NILP (before_string) || !NILP (disp_string))
    {
      struct glyph_row *prev;
      while ((prev = r1 - 1, prev >= first)
             && MATRIX_ROW_END_CHARPOS (prev) == start_charpos
             && prev->used[TEXT_AREA] > 0)
        {
          struct glyph *beg = prev->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          glyph = beg + prev->used[TEXT_AREA];
          while (--glyph >= beg && NILP (glyph->object));
          if (glyph < beg
              || !(EQ (glyph->object, before_string)
                   || EQ (glyph->object, disp_string)))
            break;
          r1 = prev;
        }
    }
  if (r2 == NULL)
    {
      r2 = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->window_end_vpos);
      hlinfo->mouse_face_past_end = true;
    }
  else if (!NILP (after_string))
    {
      /* If the after-string has newlines, advance to its last row.  */
      struct glyph_row *next;
      struct glyph_row *last
        = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->window_end_vpos);

      for (next = r2 + 1;
           next <= last
             && next->used[TEXT_AREA] > 0
             && EQ (next->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]->object, after_string);
           ++next)
        r2 = next;
    }
  /* The rest of the display engine assumes that mouse_face_beg_row is
     either above mouse_face_end_row or identical to it.  But with
     bidi-reordered continued lines, the row for START_CHARPOS could
     be below the row for END_CHARPOS.  If so, swap the rows and store
     them in correct order.  */
  if (r1->y > r2->y)
    {
      struct glyph_row *tem = r2;

      r2 = r1;
      r1 = tem;
    }

  hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (r1, w->current_matrix);
  hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (r2, w->current_matrix);

  /* For a bidi-reordered row, the positions of BEFORE_STRING,
     AFTER_STRING, DISP_STRING, START_CHARPOS, and END_CHARPOS
     could be anywhere in the row and in any order.  The strategy
     below is to find the leftmost and the rightmost glyph that
     belongs to either of these 3 strings, or whose position is
     between START_CHARPOS and END_CHARPOS, and highlight all the
     glyphs between those two.  This may cover more than just the text
     between START_CHARPOS and END_CHARPOS if the range of characters
     strides the bidi level boundary, e.g. if the beginning is in R2L
     text while the end is in L2R text or vice versa.  */
  if (!r1->reversed_p)
    {
      /* This row is in a left to right paragraph.  Scan it left to
         right.  */
      glyph = r1->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      end = glyph + r1->used[TEXT_AREA];
      x = r1->x;

      /* Skip truncation glyphs at the start of the glyph row.  */
      if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (r1))
        for (; glyph < end
               && NILP (glyph->object)
               && glyph->charpos < 0;
             ++glyph)
          x += glyph->pixel_width;

      /* Scan the glyph row, looking for BEFORE_STRING, AFTER_STRING,
         or DISP_STRING, and the first glyph from buffer whose
         position is between START_CHARPOS and END_CHARPOS.  */
      for (; glyph < end
             && !NILP (glyph->object)
             && !EQ (glyph->object, disp_string)
             && !(BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                  && (glyph->charpos >= start_charpos
                      && glyph->charpos < end_charpos));
           ++glyph)
        {
          /* BEFORE_STRING or AFTER_STRING are only relevant if they
             are present at buffer positions between START_CHARPOS and
             END_CHARPOS, or if they come from an overlay.  */
          if (EQ (glyph->object, before_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (before_string,
                                            start_charpos);
              /* If pos == 0, it means before_string came from an
                 overlay, not from a buffer position.  */
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
          else if (EQ (glyph->object, after_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (after_string, end_charpos);
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
          x += glyph->pixel_width;
        }
      hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x = x;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = glyph - r1->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
    }
  else
    {
      /* This row is in a right to left paragraph.  Scan it right to
         left.  */
      struct glyph *g;

      end = r1->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
      glyph = end + r1->used[TEXT_AREA];

      /* Skip truncation glyphs at the start of the glyph row.  */
      if (MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (r1))
        for (; glyph > end
               && NILP (glyph->object)
               && glyph->charpos < 0;
             --glyph)
          ;

      /* Scan the glyph row, looking for BEFORE_STRING, AFTER_STRING,
         or DISP_STRING, and the first glyph from buffer whose
         position is between START_CHARPOS and END_CHARPOS.  */
      for (; glyph > end
             && !NILP (glyph->object)
             && !EQ (glyph->object, disp_string)
             && !(BUFFERP (glyph->object)
                  && (glyph->charpos >= start_charpos
                      && glyph->charpos < end_charpos));
           --glyph)
        {
          /* BEFORE_STRING or AFTER_STRING are only relevant if they
             are present at buffer positions between START_CHARPOS and
             END_CHARPOS, or if they come from an overlay.  */
          if (EQ (glyph->object, before_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (before_string, start_charpos);
              /* If pos == 0, it means before_string came from an
                 overlay, not from a buffer position.  */
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
          else if (EQ (glyph->object, after_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (after_string, end_charpos);
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
        }

      glyph++; /* first glyph to the right of the highlighted area */
      for (g = r1->glyphs[TEXT_AREA], x = r1->x; g < glyph; g++)
        x += g->pixel_width;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x = x;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = glyph - r1->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
    }

  /* If the highlight ends in a different row, compute GLYPH and END
     for the end row.  Otherwise, reuse the values computed above for
     the row where the highlight begins.  */
  if (r2 != r1)
    {
      if (!r2->reversed_p)
        {
          glyph = r2->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          end = glyph + r2->used[TEXT_AREA];
          x = r2->x;
        }
      else
        {
          end = r2->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
          glyph = end + r2->used[TEXT_AREA];
        }
    }

  if (!r2->reversed_p)
    {
      /* Skip truncation and continuation glyphs near the end of the
         row, and also blanks and stretch glyphs inserted by
         extend_face_to_end_of_line.  */
      while (end > glyph
             && NILP ((end - 1)->object))
        --end;
      /* Scan the rest of the glyph row from the end, looking for the
         first glyph that comes from BEFORE_STRING, AFTER_STRING, or
         DISP_STRING, or whose position is between START_CHARPOS
         and END_CHARPOS */
      for (--end;
             end > glyph
             && !NILP (end->object)
             && !EQ (end->object, disp_string)
             && !(BUFFERP (end->object)
                  && (end->charpos >= start_charpos
                      && end->charpos < end_charpos));
           --end)
        {
          /* BEFORE_STRING or AFTER_STRING are only relevant if they
             are present at buffer positions between START_CHARPOS and
             END_CHARPOS, or if they come from an overlay.  */
          if (EQ (end->object, before_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (before_string, start_charpos);
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
          else if (EQ (end->object, after_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (after_string, end_charpos);
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
        }
      /* Find the X coordinate of the last glyph to be highlighted.  */
      for (; glyph <= end; ++glyph)
        x += glyph->pixel_width;

      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x = x;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = glyph - r2->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
    }
  else
    {
      /* Skip truncation and continuation glyphs near the end of the
         row, and also blanks and stretch glyphs inserted by
         extend_face_to_end_of_line.  */
      x = r2->x;
      end++;
      while (end < glyph
             && NILP (end->object))
        {
          x += end->pixel_width;
          ++end;
        }
      /* Scan the rest of the glyph row from the end, looking for the
         first glyph that comes from BEFORE_STRING, AFTER_STRING, or
         DISP_STRING, or whose position is between START_CHARPOS
         and END_CHARPOS */
      for ( ;
             end < glyph
             && !NILP (end->object)
             && !EQ (end->object, disp_string)
             && !(BUFFERP (end->object)
                  && (end->charpos >= start_charpos
                      && end->charpos < end_charpos));
           ++end)
        {
          /* BEFORE_STRING or AFTER_STRING are only relevant if they
             are present at buffer positions between START_CHARPOS and
             END_CHARPOS, or if they come from an overlay.  */
          if (EQ (end->object, before_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (before_string, start_charpos);
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
          else if (EQ (end->object, after_string))
            {
              pos = string_buffer_position (after_string, end_charpos);
              if (!pos || (pos >= start_charpos && pos < end_charpos))
                break;
            }
          x += end->pixel_width;
        }
      /* If we exited the above loop because we arrived at the last
         glyph of the row, and its buffer position is still not in
         range, it means the last character in range is the preceding
         newline.  Bump the end column and x values to get past the
         last glyph.  */
      if (end == glyph
          && BUFFERP (end->object)
          && (end->charpos < start_charpos
              || end->charpos >= end_charpos))
        {
          x += end->pixel_width;
          ++end;
        }
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x = x;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = end - r2->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
    }

  hlinfo->mouse_face_window = window;
  hlinfo->mouse_face_face_id
    = face_at_buffer_position (w, mouse_charpos, &ignore,
                               mouse_charpos + 1,
                               !hlinfo->mouse_face_hidden, -1);
  show_mouse_face (hlinfo, DRAW_MOUSE_FACE);
}

/* The following function is not used anymore (replaced with
   mouse_face_from_string_pos), but I leave it here for the time
   being, in case someone would.  */

#if false       /* not used */

/* Find the position of the glyph for position POS in OBJECT in
   window W's current matrix, and return in *X, *Y the pixel
   coordinates, and return in *HPOS, *VPOS the column/row of the glyph.

   RIGHT_P means return the position of the right edge of the glyph.
   !RIGHT_P means return the left edge position.

   If no glyph for POS exists in the matrix, return the position of
   the glyph with the next smaller position that is in the matrix, if
   RIGHT_P is false.  If RIGHT_P, and no glyph for POS
   exists in the matrix, return the position of the glyph with the
   next larger position in OBJECT.

   Value is true if a glyph was found.  */

static bool
fast_find_string_pos (struct window *w, ptrdiff_t pos, Lisp_Object object,
                      int *hpos, int *vpos, int *x, int *y, bool right_p)
{
  int yb = window_text_bottom_y (w);
  struct glyph_row *r;
  struct glyph *best_glyph = NULL;
  struct glyph_row *best_row = NULL;
  int best_x = 0;

  for (r = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
       r->enabled_p && r->y < yb;
       ++r)
    {
      struct glyph *g = r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      struct glyph *e = g + r->used[TEXT_AREA];
      int gx;

      for (gx = r->x; g < e; gx += g->pixel_width, ++g)
        if (EQ (g->object, object))
          {
            if (g->charpos == pos)
              {
                best_glyph = g;
                best_x = gx;
                best_row = r;
                goto found;
              }
            else if (best_glyph == NULL
                     || ((eabs (g->charpos - pos)
                         < eabs (best_glyph->charpos - pos))
                         && (right_p
                             ? g->charpos < pos
                             : g->charpos > pos)))
              {
                best_glyph = g;
                best_x = gx;
                best_row = r;
              }
          }
    }

 found:

  if (best_glyph)
    {
      *x = best_x;
      *hpos = best_glyph - best_row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];

      if (right_p)
        {
          *x += best_glyph->pixel_width;
          ++*hpos;
        }

      *y = best_row->y;
      *vpos = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (best_row, w->current_matrix);
    }

  return best_glyph != NULL;
}
#endif  /* not used */

/* Find the positions of the first and the last glyphs in window W's
   current matrix that occlude positions [STARTPOS..ENDPOS) in OBJECT
   (assumed to be a string), and return in HLINFO's mouse_face_*
   members the pixel and column/row coordinates of those glyphs.  */

static void
mouse_face_from_string_pos (struct window *w, Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo,
                            Lisp_Object object,
                            ptrdiff_t startpos, ptrdiff_t endpos)
{
  int yb = window_text_bottom_y (w);
  struct glyph_row *r;
  struct glyph *g, *e;
  int gx;
  bool found = false;

  /* Find the glyph row with at least one position in the range
     [STARTPOS..ENDPOS), and the first glyph in that row whose
     position belongs to that range.  */
  for (r = MATRIX_FIRST_TEXT_ROW (w->current_matrix);
       r->enabled_p && r->y < yb;
       ++r)
    {
      if (!r->reversed_p)
        {
          g = r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          e = g + r->used[TEXT_AREA];
          for (gx = r->x; g < e; gx += g->pixel_width, ++g)
            if (EQ (g->object, object)
                && startpos <= g->charpos && g->charpos < endpos)
              {
                hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
                  = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (r, w->current_matrix);
                hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = g - r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
                hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x = gx;
                found = true;
                break;
              }
        }
      else
        {
          struct glyph *g1;

          e = r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          g = e + r->used[TEXT_AREA];
          for ( ; g > e; --g)
            if (EQ ((g-1)->object, object)
                && startpos <= (g-1)->charpos && (g-1)->charpos < endpos)
              {
                hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row
                  = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (r, w->current_matrix);
                hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = g - r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
                for (gx = r->x, g1 = r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA]; g1 < g; ++g1)
                  gx += g1->pixel_width;
                hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x = gx;
                found = true;
                break;
              }
        }
      if (found)
        break;
    }

  if (!found)
    return;

  /* Starting with the next row, look for the first row which does NOT
     include any glyphs whose positions are in the range.  */
  for (++r; r->enabled_p && r->y < yb; ++r)
    {
      g = r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      e = g + r->used[TEXT_AREA];
      found = false;
      for ( ; g < e; ++g)
        if (EQ (g->object, object)
            && startpos <= g->charpos && g->charpos < endpos)
          {
            found = true;
            break;
          }
      if (!found)
        break;
    }

  /* The highlighted region ends on the previous row.  */
  r--;

  /* Set the end row.  */
  hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row = MATRIX_ROW_VPOS (r, w->current_matrix);

  /* Compute and set the end column and the end column's horizontal
     pixel coordinate.  */
  if (!r->reversed_p)
    {
      g = r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      e = g + r->used[TEXT_AREA];
      for ( ; e > g; --e)
        if (EQ ((e-1)->object, object)
            && startpos <= (e-1)->charpos && (e-1)->charpos < endpos)
          break;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = e - g;

      for (gx = r->x; g < e; ++g)
        gx += g->pixel_width;
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x = gx;
    }
  else
    {
      e = r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      g = e + r->used[TEXT_AREA];
      for (gx = r->x ; e < g; ++e)
        {
          if (EQ (e->object, object)
              && startpos <= e->charpos && e->charpos < endpos)
            break;
          gx += e->pixel_width;
        }
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = e - r->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
      hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x = gx;
    }
}

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* See if position X, Y is within a hot-spot of an image.  */

static bool
on_hot_spot_p (Lisp_Object hot_spot, int x, int y)
{
  if (!CONSP (hot_spot))
    return false;

  if (EQ (XCAR (hot_spot), Qrect))
    {
      /* CDR is (Top-Left . Bottom-Right) = ((x0 . y0) . (x1 . y1))  */
      Lisp_Object rect = XCDR (hot_spot);
      Lisp_Object tem;
      if (!CONSP (rect))
        return false;
      if (!CONSP (XCAR (rect)))
        return false;
      if (!CONSP (XCDR (rect)))
        return false;
      if (!(tem = XCAR (XCAR (rect)), INTEGERP (tem) && x >= XINT (tem)))
        return false;
      if (!(tem = XCDR (XCAR (rect)), INTEGERP (tem) && y >= XINT (tem)))
        return false;
      if (!(tem = XCAR (XCDR (rect)), INTEGERP (tem) && x <= XINT (tem)))
        return false;
      if (!(tem = XCDR (XCDR (rect)), INTEGERP (tem) && y <= XINT (tem)))
        return false;
      return true;
    }
  else if (EQ (XCAR (hot_spot), Qcircle))
    {
      /* CDR is (Center . Radius) = ((x0 . y0) . r) */
      Lisp_Object circ = XCDR (hot_spot);
      Lisp_Object lr, lx0, ly0;
      if (CONSP (circ)
          && CONSP (XCAR (circ))
          && (lr = XCDR (circ), NUMBERP (lr))
          && (lx0 = XCAR (XCAR (circ)), INTEGERP (lx0))
          && (ly0 = XCDR (XCAR (circ)), INTEGERP (ly0)))
        {
          double r = XFLOATINT (lr);
          double dx = XINT (lx0) - x;
          double dy = XINT (ly0) - y;
          return (dx * dx + dy * dy <= r * r);
        }
    }
  else if (EQ (XCAR (hot_spot), Qpoly))
    {
      /* CDR is [x0 y0 x1 y1 x2 y2 ...x(n-1) y(n-1)] */
      if (VECTORP (XCDR (hot_spot)))
        {
          struct Lisp_Vector *v = XVECTOR (XCDR (hot_spot));
          Lisp_Object *poly = v->contents;
          ptrdiff_t n = v->header.size;
          ptrdiff_t i;
          bool inside = false;
          Lisp_Object lx, ly;
          int x0, y0;

          /* Need an even number of coordinates, and at least 3 edges.  */
          if (n < 6 || n & 1)
            return false;

          /* Count edge segments intersecting line from (X,Y) to (X,infinity).
             If count is odd, we are inside polygon.  Pixels on edges
             may or may not be included depending on actual geometry of the
             polygon.  */
          if ((lx = poly[n-2], !INTEGERP (lx))
              || (ly = poly[n-1], !INTEGERP (lx)))
            return false;
          x0 = XINT (lx), y0 = XINT (ly);
          for (i = 0; i < n; i += 2)
            {
              int x1 = x0, y1 = y0;
              if ((lx = poly[i], !INTEGERP (lx))
                  || (ly = poly[i+1], !INTEGERP (ly)))
                return false;
              x0 = XINT (lx), y0 = XINT (ly);

              /* Does this segment cross the X line?  */
              if (x0 >= x)
                {
                  if (x1 >= x)
                    continue;
                }
              else if (x1 < x)
                continue;
              if (y > y0 && y > y1)
                continue;
              if (y < y0 + ((y1 - y0) * (x - x0)) / (x1 - x0))
                inside = !inside;
            }
          return inside;
        }
    }
  return false;
}

Lisp_Object
find_hot_spot (Lisp_Object map, int x, int y)
{
  while (CONSP (map))
    {
      if (CONSP (XCAR (map))
          && on_hot_spot_p (XCAR (XCAR (map)), x, y))
        return XCAR (map);
      map = XCDR (map);
    }

  return Qnil;
}

DEFUN ("lookup-image-map", Flookup_image_map, Slookup_image_map,
       3, 3, 0,
       doc: /* Lookup in image map MAP coordinates X and Y.
An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((x0 . y0) . (x1 . y1))) specifying the
pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
A circle is a cons (circle . ((x0 . y0) . r)) specifying the center
and the radius of the circle; r may be a float or integer.
A polygon is a cons (poly . [x0 y0 x1 y1 ...]) where each pair in the
vector describes one corner in the polygon.
Returns the alist element for the first matching AREA in MAP.  */)
  (Lisp_Object map, Lisp_Object x, Lisp_Object y)
{
  if (NILP (map))
    return Qnil;

  CHECK_NUMBER (x);
  CHECK_NUMBER (y);

  return find_hot_spot (map,
                        clip_to_bounds (INT_MIN, XINT (x), INT_MAX),
                        clip_to_bounds (INT_MIN, XINT (y), INT_MAX));
}
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */


/* Display frame CURSOR, optionally using shape defined by POINTER.  */
static void
define_frame_cursor1 (struct frame *f, Cursor cursor, Lisp_Object pointer)
{
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (!FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
    return;

  /* Do not change cursor shape while dragging mouse.  */
  if (EQ (do_mouse_tracking, Qdragging))
    return;

  if (!NILP (pointer))
    {
      if (EQ (pointer, Qarrow))
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
      else if (EQ (pointer, Qhand))
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->hand_cursor;
      else if (EQ (pointer, Qtext))
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->text_cursor;
      else if (EQ (pointer, intern ("hdrag")))
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->horizontal_drag_cursor;
      else if (EQ (pointer, intern ("nhdrag")))
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->vertical_drag_cursor;
# ifdef HAVE_X_WINDOWS
      else if (EQ (pointer, intern ("vdrag")))
        cursor = FRAME_DISPLAY_INFO (f)->vertical_scroll_bar_cursor;
# endif
      else if (EQ (pointer, intern ("hourglass")))
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->hourglass_cursor;
      else if (EQ (pointer, Qmodeline))
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->modeline_cursor;
      else
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
    }

  if (cursor != No_Cursor)
    FRAME_RIF (f)->define_frame_cursor (f, cursor);
#endif
}

/* Take proper action when mouse has moved to the mode or header line
   or marginal area AREA of window W, x-position X and y-position Y.
   X is relative to the start of the text display area of W, so the
   width of bitmap areas and scroll bars must be subtracted to get a
   position relative to the start of the mode line.  */

static void
note_mode_line_or_margin_highlight (Lisp_Object window, int x, int y,
                                    enum window_part area)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
  Cursor cursor = No_Cursor;
  Lisp_Object pointer = Qnil;
  int dx, dy, width, height;
  ptrdiff_t charpos;
  Lisp_Object string, object = Qnil;
  Lisp_Object pos UNINIT;
  Lisp_Object mouse_face;
  int original_x_pixel = x;
  struct glyph * glyph = NULL, * row_start_glyph = NULL;
  struct glyph_row *row UNINIT;

  if (area == ON_MODE_LINE || area == ON_HEADER_LINE)
    {
      int x0;
      struct glyph *end;

      /* Kludge alert: mode_line_string takes X/Y in pixels, but
         returns them in row/column units!  */
      string = mode_line_string (w, area, &x, &y, &charpos,
                                 &object, &dx, &dy, &width, &height);

      row = (area == ON_MODE_LINE
             ? MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix)
             : MATRIX_HEADER_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix));

      /* Find the glyph under the mouse pointer.  */
      if (row->mode_line_p && row->enabled_p)
        {
          glyph = row_start_glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA];
          end = glyph + row->used[TEXT_AREA];

          for (x0 = original_x_pixel;
               glyph < end && x0 >= glyph->pixel_width;
               ++glyph)
            x0 -= glyph->pixel_width;

          if (glyph >= end)
            glyph = NULL;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      x -= WINDOW_LEFT_SCROLL_BAR_AREA_WIDTH (w);
      /* Kludge alert: marginal_area_string takes X/Y in pixels, but
         returns them in row/column units!  */
      string = marginal_area_string (w, area, &x, &y, &charpos,
                                     &object, &dx, &dy, &width, &height);
    }

  Lisp_Object help = Qnil;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (IMAGEP (object))
    {
      Lisp_Object image_map, hotspot;
      if ((image_map = Fplist_get (XCDR (object), QCmap),
           !NILP (image_map))
          && (hotspot = find_hot_spot (image_map, dx, dy),
              CONSP (hotspot))
          && (hotspot = XCDR (hotspot), CONSP (hotspot)))
        {
          Lisp_Object plist;

          /* Could check XCAR (hotspot) to see if we enter/leave this hot-spot.
             If so, we could look for mouse-enter, mouse-leave
             properties in PLIST (and do something...).  */
          hotspot = XCDR (hotspot);
          if (CONSP (hotspot)
              && (plist = XCAR (hotspot), CONSP (plist)))
            {
              pointer = Fplist_get (plist, Qpointer);
              if (NILP (pointer))
                pointer = Qhand;
              help = Fplist_get (plist, Qhelp_echo);
              if (!NILP (help))
                {
                  help_echo_string = help;
                  XSETWINDOW (help_echo_window, w);
                  help_echo_object = w->contents;
                  help_echo_pos = charpos;
                }
            }
        }
      if (NILP (pointer))
        pointer = Fplist_get (XCDR (object), QCpointer);
    }
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

  if (STRINGP (string))
    pos = make_number (charpos);

  /* Set the help text and mouse pointer.  If the mouse is on a part
     of the mode line without any text (e.g. past the right edge of
     the mode line text), use that windows's mode line help echo if it
     has been set.  */
  if (STRINGP (string) || area == ON_MODE_LINE)
    {
      /* Arrange to display the help by setting the global variables
         help_echo_string, help_echo_object, and help_echo_pos.  */
      if (NILP (help))
        {
          if (STRINGP (string))
            help = Fget_text_property (pos, Qhelp_echo, string);

          if (!NILP (help))
            {
              help_echo_string = help;
              XSETWINDOW (help_echo_window, w);
              help_echo_object = string;
              help_echo_pos = charpos;
            }
          else if (area == ON_MODE_LINE
                   && !NILP (w->mode_line_help_echo))
            {
              help_echo_string =  w->mode_line_help_echo;
              XSETWINDOW (help_echo_window, w);
              help_echo_object = Qnil;
              help_echo_pos = -1;
            }
        }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      /* Change the mouse pointer according to what is under it.  */
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f))
        {
          bool draggable = (! WINDOW_BOTTOMMOST_P (w)
                            || minibuf_level
                            || NILP (Vresize_mini_windows));

          if (STRINGP (string))
            {
              cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;

              if (NILP (pointer))
                pointer = Fget_text_property (pos, Qpointer, string);

              /* Change the mouse pointer according to what is under X/Y.  */
              if (NILP (pointer)
                  && (area == ON_MODE_LINE || area == ON_HEADER_LINE))
                {
                  Lisp_Object map;

                  map = Fget_text_property (pos, Qlocal_map, string);
                  if (!KEYMAPP (map))
                    map = Fget_text_property (pos, Qkeymap, string);
                  if (!KEYMAPP (map) && draggable && area == ON_MODE_LINE)
                    cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->vertical_drag_cursor;
                }
            }
          else if (draggable && area == ON_MODE_LINE)
            cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->vertical_drag_cursor;
          else
            cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
        }
#endif
    }

  /* Change the mouse face according to what is under X/Y.  */
  bool mouse_face_shown = false;

  if (STRINGP (string))
    {
      mouse_face = Fget_text_property (pos, Qmouse_face, string);
      if (!NILP (Vmouse_highlight) && !NILP (mouse_face)
          && ((area == ON_MODE_LINE) || (area == ON_HEADER_LINE))
          && glyph)
        {
          Lisp_Object b, e;

          struct glyph * tmp_glyph;

          int gpos;
          int gseq_length;
          int total_pixel_width;
          ptrdiff_t begpos, endpos, ignore;

          int vpos, hpos;

          b = Fprevious_single_property_change (make_number (charpos + 1),
                                                Qmouse_face, string, Qnil);
          if (NILP (b))
            begpos = 0;
          else
            begpos = XINT (b);

          e = Fnext_single_property_change (pos, Qmouse_face, string, Qnil);
          if (NILP (e))
            endpos = SCHARS (string);
          else
            endpos = XINT (e);

          /* Calculate the glyph position GPOS of GLYPH in the
             displayed string, relative to the beginning of the
             highlighted part of the string.

             Note: GPOS is different from CHARPOS.  CHARPOS is the
             position of GLYPH in the internal string object.  A mode
             line string format has structures which are converted to
             a flattened string by the Emacs Lisp interpreter.  The
             internal string is an element of those structures.  The
             displayed string is the flattened string.  */
          tmp_glyph = row_start_glyph;
          while (tmp_glyph < glyph
                 && (!(EQ (tmp_glyph->object, glyph->object)
                       && begpos <= tmp_glyph->charpos
                       && tmp_glyph->charpos < endpos)))
            tmp_glyph++;
          gpos = glyph - tmp_glyph;

          /* Calculate the length GSEQ_LENGTH of the glyph sequence of
             the highlighted part of the displayed string to which
             GLYPH belongs.  Note: GSEQ_LENGTH is different from
             SCHARS (STRING), because the latter returns the length of
             the internal string.  */
          for (tmp_glyph = row->glyphs[TEXT_AREA] + row->used[TEXT_AREA] - 1;
               tmp_glyph > glyph
                 && (!(EQ (tmp_glyph->object, glyph->object)
                       && begpos <= tmp_glyph->charpos
                       && tmp_glyph->charpos < endpos));
               tmp_glyph--)
            ;
          gseq_length = gpos + (tmp_glyph - glyph) + 1;

          /* Calculate the total pixel width of all the glyphs between
             the beginning of the highlighted area and GLYPH.  */
          total_pixel_width = 0;
          for (tmp_glyph = glyph - gpos; tmp_glyph != glyph; tmp_glyph++)
            total_pixel_width += tmp_glyph->pixel_width;

          /* Pre calculation of re-rendering position.  Note: X is in
             column units here, after the call to mode_line_string or
             marginal_area_string.  */
          hpos = x - gpos;
          vpos = (area == ON_MODE_LINE
                  ? (w->current_matrix)->nrows - 1
                  : 0);

          /* If GLYPH's position is included in the region that is
             already drawn in mouse face, we have nothing to do.  */
          if ( EQ (window, hlinfo->mouse_face_window)
               && (!row->reversed_p
                   ? (hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col <= hpos
                      && hpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col)
                   /* In R2L rows we swap BEG and END, see below.  */
                   : (hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col <= hpos
                      && hpos < hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col))
               && hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row == vpos )
            return;

          if (clear_mouse_face (hlinfo))
            cursor = No_Cursor;

          if (!row->reversed_p)
            {
              hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = hpos;
              hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x   = original_x_pixel
                                            - (total_pixel_width + dx);
              hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = hpos + gseq_length;
              hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x   = 0;
            }
          else
            {
              /* In R2L rows, show_mouse_face expects BEG and END
                 coordinates to be swapped.  */
              hlinfo->mouse_face_end_col = hpos;
              hlinfo->mouse_face_end_x   = original_x_pixel
                                            - (total_pixel_width + dx);
              hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_col = hpos + gseq_length;
              hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_x   = 0;
            }

          hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row  = vpos;
          hlinfo->mouse_face_end_row  = hlinfo->mouse_face_beg_row;
          hlinfo->mouse_face_past_end = false;
          hlinfo->mouse_face_window   = window;

          hlinfo->mouse_face_face_id = face_at_string_position (w, string,
                                                                charpos,
                                                                0, &ignore,
                                                                glyph->face_id,
                                                                true);
          show_mouse_face (hlinfo, DRAW_MOUSE_FACE);
          mouse_face_shown = true;

          if (NILP (pointer))
            pointer = Qhand;
        }
    }

  /* If mouse-face doesn't need to be shown, clear any existing
     mouse-face.  */
  if ((area == ON_MODE_LINE || area == ON_HEADER_LINE) && !mouse_face_shown)
    clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);

  define_frame_cursor1 (f, cursor, pointer);
}


/* EXPORT:
   Take proper action when the mouse has moved to position X, Y on
   frame F with regards to highlighting portions of display that have
   mouse-face properties.  Also de-highlight portions of display where
   the mouse was before, set the mouse pointer shape as appropriate
   for the mouse coordinates, and activate help echo (tooltips).
   X and Y can be negative or out of range.  */

void
note_mouse_highlight (struct frame *f, int x, int y)
{
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
  enum window_part part = ON_NOTHING;
  Lisp_Object window;
  struct window *w;
  Cursor cursor = No_Cursor;
  Lisp_Object pointer = Qnil;  /* Takes precedence over cursor!  */
  struct buffer *b;

  /* When a menu is active, don't highlight because this looks odd.  */
#if defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) || defined (USE_GTK) || defined (HAVE_NS) || defined (MSDOS)
  if (popup_activated ())
    return;
#endif

  if (!f->glyphs_initialized_p
      || f->pointer_invisible)
    return;

  hlinfo->mouse_face_mouse_x = x;
  hlinfo->mouse_face_mouse_y = y;
  hlinfo->mouse_face_mouse_frame = f;

  if (hlinfo->mouse_face_defer)
    return;

  /* Which window is that in?  */
  window = window_from_coordinates (f, x, y, &part, true);

  /* If displaying active text in another window, clear that.  */
  if (! EQ (window, hlinfo->mouse_face_window)
      /* Also clear if we move out of text area in same window.  */
      || (!NILP (hlinfo->mouse_face_window)
          && !NILP (window)
          && part != ON_TEXT
          && part != ON_MODE_LINE
          && part != ON_HEADER_LINE))
    clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);

  /* Reset help_echo_string. It will get recomputed below.  */
  help_echo_string = Qnil;

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  /* If the cursor is on the internal border of FRAME and FRAME's
     internal border is draggable, provide some visual feedback.  */
  if (FRAME_INTERNAL_BORDER_WIDTH (f) > 0
      && !NILP (get_frame_param (f, Qdrag_internal_border)))
    {
      enum internal_border_part part = frame_internal_border_part (f, x, y);

      switch (part)
        {
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_NONE:
          if (cursor != FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor)
            /* Reset cursor.  */
            cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_LEFT_EDGE:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->left_edge_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_TOP_LEFT_CORNER:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->top_left_corner_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_TOP_EDGE:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->top_edge_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_TOP_RIGHT_CORNER:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->top_right_corner_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_RIGHT_EDGE:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->right_edge_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_BOTTOM_RIGHT_CORNER:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->bottom_right_corner_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_BOTTOM_EDGE:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->bottom_edge_cursor;
          break;
        case INTERNAL_BORDER_BOTTOM_LEFT_CORNER:
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->bottom_left_corner_cursor;
          break;
        default:
          /* This should not happen.  */
          if (cursor != FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor)
            cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
        }

      if (cursor != FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor)
        {
          /* Do we really want a help echo here?  */
          help_echo_string = build_string ("drag-mouse-1: resize frame");
          goto set_cursor;
        }
    }
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

  /* Not on a window -> return.  */
  if (!WINDOWP (window))
    return;

  /* Convert to window-relative pixel coordinates.  */
  w = XWINDOW (window);
  frame_to_window_pixel_xy (w, &x, &y);

#if defined (HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM) && ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)
  /* Handle tool-bar window differently since it doesn't display a
     buffer.  */
  if (EQ (window, f->tool_bar_window))
    {
      note_tool_bar_highlight (f, x, y);
      return;
    }
#endif

  /* Mouse is on the mode, header line or margin?  */
  if (part == ON_MODE_LINE || part == ON_HEADER_LINE
      || part == ON_LEFT_MARGIN || part == ON_RIGHT_MARGIN)
    {
      note_mode_line_or_margin_highlight (window, x, y, part);

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      if (part == ON_LEFT_MARGIN || part == ON_RIGHT_MARGIN)
        {
          cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
          /* Show non-text cursor (Bug#16647).  */
          goto set_cursor;
        }
      else
#endif
        return;
    }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  if (part == ON_VERTICAL_BORDER)
    {
      cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->horizontal_drag_cursor;
      help_echo_string = build_string ("drag-mouse-1: resize");
      goto set_cursor;
    }
  else if (part == ON_RIGHT_DIVIDER)
    {
      cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->horizontal_drag_cursor;
      help_echo_string = build_string ("drag-mouse-1: resize");
      goto set_cursor;
    }
  else if (part == ON_BOTTOM_DIVIDER)
    if (! WINDOW_BOTTOMMOST_P (w)
        || minibuf_level
        || NILP (Vresize_mini_windows))
      {
        cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->vertical_drag_cursor;
        help_echo_string = build_string ("drag-mouse-1: resize");
        goto set_cursor;
      }
    else
      cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
  else if (part == ON_LEFT_FRINGE || part == ON_RIGHT_FRINGE
           || part == ON_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR
           || part == ON_HORIZONTAL_SCROLL_BAR)
    cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
  else
    cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->text_cursor;
#endif

  /* Are we in a window whose display is up to date?
     And verify the buffer's text has not changed.  */
  b = XBUFFER (w->contents);
  if (part == ON_TEXT && w->window_end_valid && !window_outdated (w))
    {
      int hpos, vpos, dx, dy, area = LAST_AREA;
      ptrdiff_t pos;
      struct glyph *glyph;
      Lisp_Object object;
      Lisp_Object mouse_face = Qnil, position;
      Lisp_Object *overlay_vec = NULL;
      ptrdiff_t i, noverlays;
      struct buffer *obuf;
      ptrdiff_t obegv, ozv;
      bool same_region;

      /* Find the glyph under X/Y.  */
      glyph = x_y_to_hpos_vpos (w, x, y, &hpos, &vpos, &dx, &dy, &area);

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      /* Look for :pointer property on image.  */
      if (glyph != NULL && glyph->type == IMAGE_GLYPH)
        {
          struct image *img = IMAGE_OPT_FROM_ID (f, glyph->u.img_id);
          if (img != NULL && IMAGEP (img->spec))
            {
              Lisp_Object image_map, hotspot;
              if ((image_map = Fplist_get (XCDR (img->spec), QCmap),
                   !NILP (image_map))
                  && (hotspot = find_hot_spot (image_map,
                                               glyph->slice.img.x + dx,
                                               glyph->slice.img.y + dy),
                      CONSP (hotspot))
                  && (hotspot = XCDR (hotspot), CONSP (hotspot)))
                {
                  Lisp_Object plist;

                  /* Could check XCAR (hotspot) to see if we enter/leave
                     this hot-spot.
                     If so, we could look for mouse-enter, mouse-leave
                     properties in PLIST (and do something...).  */
                  hotspot = XCDR (hotspot);
                  if (CONSP (hotspot)
                      && (plist = XCAR (hotspot), CONSP (plist)))
                    {
                      pointer = Fplist_get (plist, Qpointer);
                      if (NILP (pointer))
                        pointer = Qhand;
                      help_echo_string = Fplist_get (plist, Qhelp_echo);
                      if (!NILP (help_echo_string))
                        {
                          help_echo_window = window;
                          help_echo_object = glyph->object;
                          help_echo_pos = glyph->charpos;
                        }
                    }
                }
              if (NILP (pointer))
                pointer = Fplist_get (XCDR (img->spec), QCpointer);
            }
        }
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

      /* Clear mouse face if X/Y not over text.  */
      if (glyph == NULL
          || area != TEXT_AREA
          || !MATRIX_ROW_DISPLAYS_TEXT_P (MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos))
          /* Glyph's OBJECT is nil for glyphs inserted by the
             display engine for its internal purposes, like truncation
             and continuation glyphs and blanks beyond the end of
             line's text on text terminals.  If we are over such a
             glyph, we are not over any text.  */
          || NILP (glyph->object)
          /* R2L rows have a stretch glyph at their front, which
             stands for no text, whereas L2R rows have no glyphs at
             all beyond the end of text.  Treat such stretch glyphs
             like we do with NULL glyphs in L2R rows.  */
          || (MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos)->reversed_p
              && glyph == MATRIX_ROW_GLYPH_START (w->current_matrix, vpos)
              && glyph->type == STRETCH_GLYPH
              && glyph->avoid_cursor_p))
        {
          if (clear_mouse_face (hlinfo))
            cursor = No_Cursor;
          if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) && NILP (pointer))
            {
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
              if (area != TEXT_AREA)
                cursor = FRAME_X_OUTPUT (f)->nontext_cursor;
              else
                pointer = Vvoid_text_area_pointer;
#endif
            }
          goto set_cursor;
        }

      pos = glyph->charpos;
      object = glyph->object;
      if (!STRINGP (object) && !BUFFERP (object))
        goto set_cursor;

      /* If we get an out-of-range value, return now; avoid an error.  */
      if (BUFFERP (object) && pos > BUF_Z (b))
        goto set_cursor;

      /* Make the window's buffer temporarily current for
         overlays_at and compute_char_face.  */
      obuf = current_buffer;
      current_buffer = b;
      obegv = BEGV;
      ozv = ZV;
      BEGV = BEG;
      ZV = Z;

      /* Is this char mouse-active or does it have help-echo?  */
      position = make_number (pos);

      USE_SAFE_ALLOCA;

      if (BUFFERP (object))
        {
          /* Put all the overlays we want in a vector in overlay_vec.  */
          GET_OVERLAYS_AT (pos, overlay_vec, noverlays, NULL, false);
          /* Sort overlays into increasing priority order.  */
          noverlays = sort_overlays (overlay_vec, noverlays, w);
        }
      else
        noverlays = 0;

      if (NILP (Vmouse_highlight))
        {
          clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);
          goto check_help_echo;
        }

      same_region = coords_in_mouse_face_p (w, hpos, vpos);

      if (same_region)
        cursor = No_Cursor;

      /* Check mouse-face highlighting.  */
      if (! same_region
          /* If there exists an overlay with mouse-face overlapping
             the one we are currently highlighting, we have to check
             if we enter the overlapping overlay, and then highlight
             only that.  Skip the check when mouse-face highlighting
             is currently hidden to avoid Bug#30519.  */
          || (!hlinfo->mouse_face_hidden
              && OVERLAYP (hlinfo->mouse_face_overlay)
              && mouse_face_overlay_overlaps (hlinfo->mouse_face_overlay)))
        {
          /* Find the highest priority overlay with a mouse-face.  */
          Lisp_Object overlay = Qnil;
          for (i = noverlays - 1; i >= 0 && NILP (overlay); --i)
            {
              mouse_face = Foverlay_get (overlay_vec[i], Qmouse_face);
              if (!NILP (mouse_face))
                overlay = overlay_vec[i];
            }

          /* If we're highlighting the same overlay as before, there's
             no need to do that again.  */
          if (!NILP (overlay) && EQ (overlay, hlinfo->mouse_face_overlay))
            goto check_help_echo;

          /* Clear the display of the old active region, if any.  */
          if (clear_mouse_face (hlinfo))
            cursor = No_Cursor;

          /* Record the overlay, if any, to be highlighted.  */
          hlinfo->mouse_face_overlay = overlay;

          /* If no overlay applies, get a text property.  */
          if (NILP (overlay))
            mouse_face = Fget_text_property (position, Qmouse_face, object);

          /* Next, compute the bounds of the mouse highlighting and
             display it.  */
          if (!NILP (mouse_face) && STRINGP (object))
            {
              /* The mouse-highlighting comes from a display string
                 with a mouse-face.  */
              Lisp_Object s, e;
              ptrdiff_t ignore;

              s = Fprevious_single_property_change
                (make_number (pos + 1), Qmouse_face, object, Qnil);
              e = Fnext_single_property_change
                (position, Qmouse_face, object, Qnil);
              if (NILP (s))
                s = make_number (0);
              if (NILP (e))
                e = make_number (SCHARS (object));
              mouse_face_from_string_pos (w, hlinfo, object,
                                          XINT (s), XINT (e));
              hlinfo->mouse_face_past_end = false;
              hlinfo->mouse_face_window = window;
              hlinfo->mouse_face_face_id
                = face_at_string_position (w, object, pos, 0, &ignore,
                                           glyph->face_id, true);
              show_mouse_face (hlinfo, DRAW_MOUSE_FACE);
              cursor = No_Cursor;
            }
          else
            {
              /* The mouse-highlighting, if any, comes from an overlay
                 or text property in the buffer.  */
              Lisp_Object buffer UNINIT;
              Lisp_Object disp_string UNINIT;

              if (STRINGP (object))
                {
                  /* If we are on a display string with no mouse-face,
                     check if the text under it has one.  */
                  struct glyph_row *r = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos);
                  ptrdiff_t start = MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (r);
                  pos = string_buffer_position (object, start);
                  if (pos > 0)
                    {
                      mouse_face = get_char_property_and_overlay
                        (make_number (pos), Qmouse_face, w->contents, &overlay);
                      buffer = w->contents;
                      disp_string = object;
                    }
                }
              else
                {
                  buffer = object;
                  disp_string = Qnil;
                }

              if (!NILP (mouse_face))
                {
                  Lisp_Object before, after;
                  Lisp_Object before_string, after_string;
                  /* To correctly find the limits of mouse highlight
                     in a bidi-reordered buffer, we must not use the
                     optimization of limiting the search in
                     previous-single-property-change and
                     next-single-property-change, because
                     rows_from_pos_range needs the real start and end
                     positions to DTRT in this case.  That's because
                     the first row visible in a window does not
                     necessarily display the character whose position
                     is the smallest.  */
                  Lisp_Object lim1
                    = NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (buffer), bidi_display_reordering))
                    ? Fmarker_position (w->start)
                    : Qnil;
                  Lisp_Object lim2
                    = NILP (BVAR (XBUFFER (buffer), bidi_display_reordering))
                    ? make_number (BUF_Z (XBUFFER (buffer))
                                   - w->window_end_pos)
                    : Qnil;

                  if (NILP (overlay))
                    {
                      /* Handle the text property case.  */
                      before = Fprevious_single_property_change
                        (make_number (pos + 1), Qmouse_face, buffer, lim1);
                      after = Fnext_single_property_change
                        (make_number (pos), Qmouse_face, buffer, lim2);
                      before_string = after_string = Qnil;
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      /* Handle the overlay case.  */
                      before = Foverlay_start (overlay);
                      after = Foverlay_end (overlay);
                      before_string = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qbefore_string);
                      after_string = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qafter_string);

                      if (!STRINGP (before_string)) before_string = Qnil;
                      if (!STRINGP (after_string))  after_string = Qnil;
                    }

                  mouse_face_from_buffer_pos (window, hlinfo, pos,
                                              NILP (before)
                                              ? 1
                                              : XFASTINT (before),
                                              NILP (after)
                                              ? BUF_Z (XBUFFER (buffer))
                                              : XFASTINT (after),
                                              before_string, after_string,
                                              disp_string);
                  cursor = No_Cursor;
                }
            }
        }

    check_help_echo:

      /* Look for a `help-echo' property.  */
      if (NILP (help_echo_string)) {
        Lisp_Object help, overlay;

        /* Check overlays first.  */
        help = overlay = Qnil;
        for (i = noverlays - 1; i >= 0 && NILP (help); --i)
          {
            overlay = overlay_vec[i];
            help = Foverlay_get (overlay, Qhelp_echo);
          }

        if (!NILP (help))
          {
            help_echo_string = help;
            help_echo_window = window;
            help_echo_object = overlay;
            help_echo_pos = pos;
          }
        else
          {
            Lisp_Object obj = glyph->object;
            ptrdiff_t charpos = glyph->charpos;

            /* Try text properties.  */
            if (STRINGP (obj)
                && charpos >= 0
                && charpos < SCHARS (obj))
              {
                help = Fget_text_property (make_number (charpos),
                                           Qhelp_echo, obj);
                if (NILP (help))
                  {
                    /* If the string itself doesn't specify a help-echo,
                       see if the buffer text ``under'' it does.  */
                    struct glyph_row *r
                      = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos);
                    ptrdiff_t start = MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (r);
                    ptrdiff_t p = string_buffer_position (obj, start);
                    if (p > 0)
                      {
                        help = Fget_char_property (make_number (p),
                                                   Qhelp_echo, w->contents);
                        if (!NILP (help))
                          {
                            charpos = p;
                            obj = w->contents;
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
            else if (BUFFERP (obj)
                     && charpos >= BEGV
                     && charpos < ZV)
              help = Fget_text_property (make_number (charpos), Qhelp_echo,
                                         obj);

            if (!NILP (help))
              {
                help_echo_string = help;
                help_echo_window = window;
                help_echo_object = obj;
                help_echo_pos = charpos;
              }
          }
      }

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
      /* Look for a `pointer' property.  */
      if (FRAME_WINDOW_P (f) && NILP (pointer))
        {
          /* Check overlays first.  */
          for (i = noverlays - 1; i >= 0 && NILP (pointer); --i)
            pointer = Foverlay_get (overlay_vec[i], Qpointer);

          if (NILP (pointer))
            {
              Lisp_Object obj = glyph->object;
              ptrdiff_t charpos = glyph->charpos;

              /* Try text properties.  */
              if (STRINGP (obj)
                  && charpos >= 0
                  && charpos < SCHARS (obj))
                {
                  pointer = Fget_text_property (make_number (charpos),
                                                Qpointer, obj);
                  if (NILP (pointer))
                    {
                      /* If the string itself doesn't specify a pointer,
                         see if the buffer text ``under'' it does.  */
                      struct glyph_row *r
                        = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, vpos);
                      ptrdiff_t start = MATRIX_ROW_START_CHARPOS (r);
                      ptrdiff_t p = string_buffer_position (obj, start);
                      if (p > 0)
                        pointer = Fget_char_property (make_number (p),
                                                      Qpointer, w->contents);
                    }
                }
              else if (BUFFERP (obj)
                       && charpos >= BEGV
                       && charpos < ZV)
                pointer = Fget_text_property (make_number (charpos),
                                              Qpointer, obj);
            }
        }
#endif  /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

      BEGV = obegv;
      ZV = ozv;
      current_buffer = obuf;
      SAFE_FREE ();
    }

 set_cursor:
  define_frame_cursor1 (f, cursor, pointer);
}


/* EXPORT for RIF:
   Clear any mouse-face on window W.  This function is part of the
   redisplay interface, and is called from try_window_id and similar
   functions to ensure the mouse-highlight is off.  */

void
x_clear_window_mouse_face (struct window *w)
{
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (XFRAME (w->frame));
  Lisp_Object window;

  block_input ();
  XSETWINDOW (window, w);
  if (EQ (window, hlinfo->mouse_face_window))
    clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);
  unblock_input ();
}


/* EXPORT:
   Just discard the mouse face information for frame F, if any.
   This is used when the size of F is changed.  */

void
cancel_mouse_face (struct frame *f)
{
  Lisp_Object window;
  Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);

  window = hlinfo->mouse_face_window;
  if (! NILP (window) && XFRAME (XWINDOW (window)->frame) == f)
    reset_mouse_highlight (hlinfo);
}


\f
/***********************************************************************
                           Exposure Events
 ***********************************************************************/

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Redraw the part of glyph row area AREA of glyph row ROW on window W
   which intersects rectangle R.  R is in window-relative coordinates.  */

static void
expose_area (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row, XRectangle *r,
             enum glyph_row_area area)
{
  struct glyph *first = row->glyphs[area];
  struct glyph *end = row->glyphs[area] + row->used[area];
  struct glyph *last;
  int first_x, start_x, x;

  if (area == TEXT_AREA && row->fill_line_p)
    /* If row extends face to end of line write the whole line.  */
    draw_glyphs (w, 0, row, area,
                 0, row->used[area],
                 DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT, 0);
  else
    {
      /* Set START_X to the window-relative start position for drawing glyphs of
         AREA.  The first glyph of the text area can be partially visible.
         The first glyphs of other areas cannot.  */
      start_x = window_box_left_offset (w, area);
      x = start_x;
      if (area == TEXT_AREA)
        x += row->x;

      /* Find the first glyph that must be redrawn.  */
      while (first < end
             && x + first->pixel_width < r->x)
        {
          x += first->pixel_width;
          ++first;
        }

      /* Find the last one.  */
      last = first;
      first_x = x;
      /* Use a signed int intermediate value to avoid catastrophic
         failures due to comparison between signed and unsigned, when
         x is negative (can happen for wide images that are hscrolled).  */
      int r_end = r->x + r->width;
      while (last < end && x < r_end)
        {
          x += last->pixel_width;
          ++last;
        }

      /* Repaint.  */
      if (last > first)
        draw_glyphs (w, first_x - start_x, row, area,
                     first - row->glyphs[area], last - row->glyphs[area],
                     DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT, 0);
    }
}


/* Redraw the parts of the glyph row ROW on window W intersecting
   rectangle R.  R is in window-relative coordinates.  Value is
   true if mouse-face was overwritten.  */

static bool
expose_line (struct window *w, struct glyph_row *row, XRectangle *r)
{
  eassert (row->enabled_p);

  if (row->mode_line_p || w->pseudo_window_p)
    draw_glyphs (w, 0, row, TEXT_AREA,
                 0, row->used[TEXT_AREA],
                 DRAW_NORMAL_TEXT, 0);
  else
    {
      if (row->used[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA])
        expose_area (w, row, r, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA);
      if (row->used[TEXT_AREA])
        expose_area (w, row, r, TEXT_AREA);
      if (row->used[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA])
        expose_area (w, row, r, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA);
      draw_row_fringe_bitmaps (w, row);
    }

  return row->mouse_face_p;
}


/* Redraw those parts of glyphs rows during expose event handling that
   overlap other rows.  Redrawing of an exposed line writes over parts
   of lines overlapping that exposed line; this function fixes that.

   W is the window being exposed.  FIRST_OVERLAPPING_ROW is the first
   row in W's current matrix that is exposed and overlaps other rows.
   LAST_OVERLAPPING_ROW is the last such row.  */

static void
expose_overlaps (struct window *w,
                 struct glyph_row *first_overlapping_row,
                 struct glyph_row *last_overlapping_row,
                 XRectangle *r)
{
  struct glyph_row *row;

  for (row = first_overlapping_row; row <= last_overlapping_row; ++row)
    if (row->overlapping_p)
      {
        eassert (row->enabled_p && !row->mode_line_p);

        row->clip = r;
        if (row->used[LEFT_MARGIN_AREA])
          x_fix_overlapping_area (w, row, LEFT_MARGIN_AREA, OVERLAPS_BOTH);

        if (row->used[TEXT_AREA])
          x_fix_overlapping_area (w, row, TEXT_AREA, OVERLAPS_BOTH);

        if (row->used[RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA])
          x_fix_overlapping_area (w, row, RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA, OVERLAPS_BOTH);
        row->clip = NULL;
      }
}


/* Return true if W's cursor intersects rectangle R.  */

static bool
phys_cursor_in_rect_p (struct window *w, XRectangle *r)
{
  XRectangle cr, result;
  struct glyph *cursor_glyph;
  struct glyph_row *row;

  if (w->phys_cursor.vpos >= 0
      && w->phys_cursor.vpos < w->current_matrix->nrows
      && (row = MATRIX_ROW (w->current_matrix, w->phys_cursor.vpos),
          row->enabled_p)
      && row->cursor_in_fringe_p)
    {
      /* Cursor is in the fringe.  */
      cr.x = window_box_right_offset (w,
                                      (WINDOW_HAS_FRINGES_OUTSIDE_MARGINS (w)
                                       ? RIGHT_MARGIN_AREA
                                       : TEXT_AREA));
      cr.y = row->y;
      cr.width = WINDOW_RIGHT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w);
      cr.height = row->height;
      return x_intersect_rectangles (&cr, r, &result);
    }

  cursor_glyph = get_phys_cursor_glyph (w);
  if (cursor_glyph)
    {
      /* r is relative to W's box, but w->phys_cursor.x is relative
         to left edge of W's TEXT area.  Adjust it.  */
      cr.x = window_box_left_offset (w, TEXT_AREA) + w->phys_cursor.x;
      cr.y = w->phys_cursor.y;
      cr.width = cursor_glyph->pixel_width;
      cr.height = w->phys_cursor_height;
      /* ++KFS: W32 version used W32-specific IntersectRect here, but
         I assume the effect is the same -- and this is portable.  */
      return x_intersect_rectangles (&cr, r, &result);
    }
  /* If we don't understand the format, pretend we're not in the hot-spot.  */
  return false;
}


/* EXPORT:
   Draw a vertical window border to the right of window W if W doesn't
   have vertical scroll bars.  */

void
x_draw_vertical_border (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));

  /* We could do better, if we knew what type of scroll-bar the adjacent
     windows (on either side) have...  But we don't :-(
     However, I think this works ok.  ++KFS 2003-04-25 */

  /* Redraw borders between horizontally adjacent windows.  Don't
     do it for frames with vertical scroll bars because either the
     right scroll bar of a window, or the left scroll bar of its
     neighbor will suffice as a border.  */
  if (FRAME_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BARS (f) || FRAME_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (f))
    return;

  /* Note: It is necessary to redraw both the left and the right
     borders, for when only this single window W is being
     redisplayed.  */
  if (!WINDOW_RIGHTMOST_P (w)
      && !WINDOW_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR_ON_RIGHT (w))
    {
      int x0, x1, y0, y1;

      window_box_edges (w, &x0, &y0, &x1, &y1);
      y1 -= 1;

      if (WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w) == 0)
        x1 -= 1;

      FRAME_RIF (f)->draw_vertical_window_border (w, x1, y0, y1);
    }

  if (!WINDOW_LEFTMOST_P (w)
      && !WINDOW_HAS_VERTICAL_SCROLL_BAR_ON_LEFT (w))
    {
      int x0, x1, y0, y1;

      window_box_edges (w, &x0, &y0, &x1, &y1);
      y1 -= 1;

      if (WINDOW_LEFT_FRINGE_WIDTH (w) == 0)
        x0 -= 1;

      FRAME_RIF (f)->draw_vertical_window_border (w, x0, y0, y1);
    }
}


/* Draw window dividers for window W.  */

void
x_draw_right_divider (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = WINDOW_XFRAME (w);

  if (w->mini || w->pseudo_window_p)
    return;
  else if (WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w))
    {
      int x0 = WINDOW_RIGHT_EDGE_X (w) - WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
      int x1 = WINDOW_RIGHT_EDGE_X (w);
      int y0 = WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_Y (w);
      int y1 = WINDOW_BOTTOM_EDGE_Y (w);

      /* If W is horizontally combined and has a right sibling, don't
         draw over any bottom divider.  */
      if (WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w)
          && !NILP (w->parent)
          && WINDOW_HORIZONTAL_COMBINATION_P (XWINDOW (w->parent))
          && !NILP (w->next))
        y1 -= WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);

      FRAME_RIF (f)->draw_window_divider (w, x0, x1, y0, y1);
    }
}

static void
x_draw_bottom_divider (struct window *w)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (WINDOW_FRAME (w));

  if (w->mini || w->pseudo_window_p)
    return;
  else if (WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w))
    {
      int x0 = WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w);
      int x1 = WINDOW_RIGHT_EDGE_X (w);
      int y0 = WINDOW_BOTTOM_EDGE_Y (w) - WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);
      int y1 = WINDOW_BOTTOM_EDGE_Y (w);
      struct window *p = !NILP (w->parent) ? XWINDOW (w->parent) : NULL;

      /* If W is vertically combined and has a sibling below, don't draw
         over any right divider.  */
      if (WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w)
          && p
          && ((WINDOW_VERTICAL_COMBINATION_P (p)
               && !NILP (w->next))
              || (WINDOW_HORIZONTAL_COMBINATION_P (p)
                  && NILP (w->next)
                  && !NILP (p->parent)
                  && WINDOW_VERTICAL_COMBINATION_P (XWINDOW (p->parent))
                  && !NILP (XWINDOW (p->parent)->next))))
        x1 -= WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w);

        FRAME_RIF (f)->draw_window_divider (w, x0, x1, y0, y1);
    }
}

/* Redraw the part of window W intersection rectangle FR.  Pixel
   coordinates in FR are frame-relative.  Call this function with
   input blocked.  Value is true if the exposure overwrites
   mouse-face.  */

static bool
expose_window (struct window *w, XRectangle *fr)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  XRectangle wr, r;
  bool mouse_face_overwritten_p = false;

  /* If window is not yet fully initialized, do nothing.  This can
     happen when toolkit scroll bars are used and a window is split.
     Reconfiguring the scroll bar will generate an expose for a newly
     created window.  */
  if (w->current_matrix == NULL)
    return false;

  /* When we're currently updating the window, display and current
     matrix usually don't agree.  Arrange for a thorough display
     later.  */
  if (w->must_be_updated_p)
    {
      SET_FRAME_GARBAGED (f);
      return false;
    }

  /* Frame-relative pixel rectangle of W.  */
  wr.x = WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w);
  wr.y = WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_Y (w);
  wr.width = WINDOW_PIXEL_WIDTH (w);
  wr.height = WINDOW_PIXEL_HEIGHT (w);

  if (x_intersect_rectangles (fr, &wr, &r))
    {
      int yb = window_text_bottom_y (w);
      struct glyph_row *row;
      struct glyph_row *first_overlapping_row, *last_overlapping_row;

      TRACE ((stderr, "expose_window (%d, %d, %d, %d)\n",
              r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height));

      /* Convert to window coordinates.  */
      r.x -= WINDOW_LEFT_EDGE_X (w);
      r.y -= WINDOW_TOP_EDGE_Y (w);

      /* Turn off the cursor.  */
      bool cursor_cleared_p = (!w->pseudo_window_p
                               && phys_cursor_in_rect_p (w, &r));
      if (cursor_cleared_p)
        x_clear_cursor (w);

      /* If the row containing the cursor extends face to end of line,
         then expose_area might overwrite the cursor outside the
         rectangle and thus notice_overwritten_cursor might clear
         w->phys_cursor_on_p.  We remember the original value and
         check later if it is changed.  */
      bool phys_cursor_on_p = w->phys_cursor_on_p;

      /* Use a signed int intermediate value to avoid catastrophic
         failures due to comparison between signed and unsigned, when
         y0 or y1 is negative (can happen for tall images).  */
      int r_bottom = r.y + r.height;

      /* Update lines intersecting rectangle R.  */
      first_overlapping_row = last_overlapping_row = NULL;
      for (row = w->current_matrix->rows;
           row->enabled_p;
           ++row)
        {
          int y0 = row->y;
          int y1 = MATRIX_ROW_BOTTOM_Y (row);

          if ((y0 >= r.y && y0 < r_bottom)
              || (y1 > r.y && y1 < r_bottom)
              || (r.y >= y0 && r.y < y1)
              || (r_bottom > y0 && r_bottom < y1))
            {
              /* A header line may be overlapping, but there is no need
                 to fix overlapping areas for them.  KFS 2005-02-12 */
              if (row->overlapping_p && !row->mode_line_p)
                {
                  if (first_overlapping_row == NULL)
                    first_overlapping_row = row;
                  last_overlapping_row = row;
                }

              row->clip = fr;
              if (expose_line (w, row, &r))
                mouse_face_overwritten_p = true;
              row->clip = NULL;
            }
          else if (row->overlapping_p)
            {
              /* We must redraw a row overlapping the exposed area.  */
              if (y0 < r.y
                  ? y0 + row->phys_height > r.y
                  : y0 + row->ascent - row->phys_ascent < r.y +r.height)
                {
                  if (first_overlapping_row == NULL)
                    first_overlapping_row = row;
                  last_overlapping_row = row;
                }
            }

          if (y1 >= yb)
            break;
        }

      /* Display the mode line if there is one.  */
      if (window_wants_mode_line (w)
          && (row = MATRIX_MODE_LINE_ROW (w->current_matrix),
              row->enabled_p)
          && row->y < r_bottom)
        {
          if (expose_line (w, row, &r))
            mouse_face_overwritten_p = true;
        }

      if (!w->pseudo_window_p)
        {
          /* Fix the display of overlapping rows.  */
          if (first_overlapping_row)
            expose_overlaps (w, first_overlapping_row, last_overlapping_row,
                             fr);

          /* Draw border between windows.  */
          if (WINDOW_RIGHT_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w))
            x_draw_right_divider (w);
          else
            x_draw_vertical_border (w);

          if (WINDOW_BOTTOM_DIVIDER_WIDTH (w))
            x_draw_bottom_divider (w);

          /* Turn the cursor on again.  */
          if (cursor_cleared_p
              || (phys_cursor_on_p && !w->phys_cursor_on_p))
            update_window_cursor (w, true);
        }
    }

  return mouse_face_overwritten_p;
}



/* Redraw (parts) of all windows in the window tree rooted at W that
   intersect R.  R contains frame pixel coordinates.  Value is
   true if the exposure overwrites mouse-face.  */

static bool
expose_window_tree (struct window *w, XRectangle *r)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  bool mouse_face_overwritten_p = false;

  while (w && !FRAME_GARBAGED_P (f))
    {
      mouse_face_overwritten_p
        |= (WINDOWP (w->contents)
            ? expose_window_tree (XWINDOW (w->contents), r)
            : expose_window (w, r));

      w = NILP (w->next) ? NULL : XWINDOW (w->next);
    }

  return mouse_face_overwritten_p;
}


/* EXPORT:
   Redisplay an exposed area of frame F.  X and Y are the upper-left
   corner of the exposed rectangle.  W and H are width and height of
   the exposed area.  All are pixel values.  W or H zero means redraw
   the entire frame.  */

void
expose_frame (struct frame *f, int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
  XRectangle r;
  bool mouse_face_overwritten_p = false;

  TRACE ((stderr, "expose_frame "));

  /* No need to redraw if frame will be redrawn soon.  */
  if (FRAME_GARBAGED_P (f))
    {
      TRACE ((stderr, " garbaged\n"));
      return;
    }

  /* If basic faces haven't been realized yet, there is no point in
     trying to redraw anything.  This can happen when we get an expose
     event while Emacs is starting, e.g. by moving another window.  */
  if (FRAME_FACE_CACHE (f) == NULL
      || FRAME_FACE_CACHE (f)->used < BASIC_FACE_ID_SENTINEL)
    {
      TRACE ((stderr, " no faces\n"));
      return;
    }

  if (w == 0 || h == 0)
    {
      r.x = r.y = 0;
      r.width = FRAME_TEXT_WIDTH (f);
      r.height = FRAME_TEXT_HEIGHT (f);
    }
  else
    {
      r.x = x;
      r.y = y;
      r.width = w;
      r.height = h;
    }

  TRACE ((stderr, "(%d, %d, %d, %d)\n", r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height));
  mouse_face_overwritten_p = expose_window_tree (XWINDOW (f->root_window), &r);

#if ! defined (USE_GTK) && ! defined (HAVE_NS)
  if (WINDOWP (f->tool_bar_window))
    mouse_face_overwritten_p
      |= expose_window (XWINDOW (f->tool_bar_window), &r);
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_X_WINDOWS
#ifndef MSDOS
#if ! defined (USE_X_TOOLKIT) && ! defined (USE_GTK)
  if (WINDOWP (f->menu_bar_window))
    mouse_face_overwritten_p
      |= expose_window (XWINDOW (f->menu_bar_window), &r);
#endif /* not USE_X_TOOLKIT and not USE_GTK */
#endif
#endif

  /* Some window managers support a focus-follows-mouse style with
     delayed raising of frames.  Imagine a partially obscured frame,
     and moving the mouse into partially obscured mouse-face on that
     frame.  The visible part of the mouse-face will be highlighted,
     then the WM raises the obscured frame.  With at least one WM, KDE
     2.1, Emacs is not getting any event for the raising of the frame
     (even tried with SubstructureRedirectMask), only Expose events.
     These expose events will draw text normally, i.e. not
     highlighted.  Which means we must redo the highlight here.
     Subsume it under ``we love X''.  --gerd 2001-08-15  */
  /* Included in Windows version because Windows most likely does not
     do the right thing if any third party tool offers
     focus-follows-mouse with delayed raise.  --jason 2001-10-12  */
  if (mouse_face_overwritten_p && !FRAME_GARBAGED_P (f))
    {
      Mouse_HLInfo *hlinfo = MOUSE_HL_INFO (f);
      if (f == hlinfo->mouse_face_mouse_frame)
        {
          int mouse_x = hlinfo->mouse_face_mouse_x;
          int mouse_y = hlinfo->mouse_face_mouse_y;
          clear_mouse_face (hlinfo);
          note_mouse_highlight (f, mouse_x, mouse_y);
        }
    }
}


/* EXPORT:
   Determine the intersection of two rectangles R1 and R2.  Return
   the intersection in *RESULT.  Value is true if RESULT is not
   empty.  */

bool
x_intersect_rectangles (XRectangle *r1, XRectangle *r2, XRectangle *result)
{
  XRectangle *left, *right;
  XRectangle *upper, *lower;
  bool intersection_p = false;

  /* Rearrange so that R1 is the left-most rectangle.  */
  if (r1->x < r2->x)
    left = r1, right = r2;
  else
    left = r2, right = r1;

  /* X0 of the intersection is right.x0, if this is inside R1,
     otherwise there is no intersection.  */
  if (right->x <= left->x + left->width)
    {
      result->x = right->x;

      /* The right end of the intersection is the minimum of
         the right ends of left and right.  */
      result->width = (min (left->x + left->width, right->x + right->width)
                       - result->x);

      /* Same game for Y.  */
      if (r1->y < r2->y)
        upper = r1, lower = r2;
      else
        upper = r2, lower = r1;

      /* The upper end of the intersection is lower.y0, if this is inside
         of upper.  Otherwise, there is no intersection.  */
      if (lower->y <= upper->y + upper->height)
        {
          result->y = lower->y;

          /* The lower end of the intersection is the minimum of the lower
             ends of upper and lower.  */
          result->height = (min (lower->y + lower->height,
                                 upper->y + upper->height)
                            - result->y);
          intersection_p = true;
        }
    }

  return intersection_p;
}

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

\f
/***********************************************************************
                            Initialization
 ***********************************************************************/

void
syms_of_xdisp (void)
{
  Vwith_echo_area_save_vector = Qnil;
  staticpro (&Vwith_echo_area_save_vector);

  Vmessage_stack = Qnil;
  staticpro (&Vmessage_stack);

  /* Non-nil means don't actually do any redisplay.  */
  DEFSYM (Qinhibit_redisplay, "inhibit-redisplay");

  DEFSYM (Qredisplay_internal_xC_functionx, "redisplay_internal (C function)");

  DEFVAR_BOOL("inhibit-message", inhibit_message,
              doc:  /* Non-nil means calls to `message' are not displayed.
They are still logged to the *Messages* buffer.  */);
  inhibit_message = 0;

  message_dolog_marker1 = Fmake_marker ();
  staticpro (&message_dolog_marker1);
  message_dolog_marker2 = Fmake_marker ();
  staticpro (&message_dolog_marker2);
  message_dolog_marker3 = Fmake_marker ();
  staticpro (&message_dolog_marker3);

  defsubr (&Sset_buffer_redisplay);
#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  defsubr (&Sdump_frame_glyph_matrix);
  defsubr (&Sdump_glyph_matrix);
  defsubr (&Sdump_glyph_row);
  defsubr (&Sdump_tool_bar_row);
  defsubr (&Strace_redisplay);
  defsubr (&Strace_to_stderr);
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  defsubr (&Stool_bar_height);
  defsubr (&Slookup_image_map);
#endif
  defsubr (&Sline_pixel_height);
  defsubr (&Sformat_mode_line);
  defsubr (&Sinvisible_p);
  defsubr (&Scurrent_bidi_paragraph_direction);
  defsubr (&Swindow_text_pixel_size);
  defsubr (&Smove_point_visually);
  defsubr (&Sbidi_find_overridden_directionality);

  DEFSYM (Qmenu_bar_update_hook, "menu-bar-update-hook");
  DEFSYM (Qoverriding_terminal_local_map, "overriding-terminal-local-map");
  DEFSYM (Qoverriding_local_map, "overriding-local-map");
  DEFSYM (Qwindow_scroll_functions, "window-scroll-functions");
  DEFSYM (Qredisplay_end_trigger_functions, "redisplay-end-trigger-functions");
  DEFSYM (Qinhibit_point_motion_hooks, "inhibit-point-motion-hooks");
  DEFSYM (Qeval, "eval");
  DEFSYM (QCdata, ":data");

  /* Names of text properties relevant for redisplay.  */
  DEFSYM (Qdisplay, "display");
  DEFSYM (Qspace_width, "space-width");
  DEFSYM (Qraise, "raise");
  DEFSYM (Qslice, "slice");
  DEFSYM (Qspace, "space");
  DEFSYM (Qmargin, "margin");
  DEFSYM (Qpointer, "pointer");
  DEFSYM (Qleft_margin, "left-margin");
  DEFSYM (Qright_margin, "right-margin");
  DEFSYM (Qcenter, "center");
  DEFSYM (Qline_height, "line-height");
  DEFSYM (QCalign_to, ":align-to");
  DEFSYM (QCrelative_width, ":relative-width");
  DEFSYM (QCrelative_height, ":relative-height");
  DEFSYM (QCeval, ":eval");
  DEFSYM (QCpropertize, ":propertize");
  DEFSYM (QCfile, ":file");
  DEFSYM (Qfontified, "fontified");
  DEFSYM (Qfontification_functions, "fontification-functions");

  /* Name of the symbol which disables Lisp evaluation in 'display'
     properties.  This is used by enriched.el.  */
  DEFSYM (Qdisable_eval, "disable-eval");

  /* Name of the face used to highlight trailing whitespace.  */
  DEFSYM (Qtrailing_whitespace, "trailing-whitespace");

  /* Names of the faces used to display line numbers.  */
  DEFSYM (Qline_number, "line-number");
  DEFSYM (Qline_number_current_line, "line-number-current-line");
  /* Name of a text property which disables line-number display.  */
  DEFSYM (Qdisplay_line_numbers_disable, "display-line-numbers-disable");

  /* Name and number of the face used to highlight escape glyphs.  */
  DEFSYM (Qescape_glyph, "escape-glyph");

  /* Name and number of the face used to highlight non-breaking
     spaces/hyphens.  */
  DEFSYM (Qnobreak_space, "nobreak-space");
  DEFSYM (Qnobreak_hyphen, "nobreak-hyphen");

  /* The symbol 'image' which is the car of the lists used to represent
     images in Lisp.  Also a tool bar style.  */
  DEFSYM (Qimage, "image");

  /* Tool bar styles.  */
  DEFSYM (Qtext, "text");
  DEFSYM (Qboth, "both");
  DEFSYM (Qboth_horiz, "both-horiz");
  DEFSYM (Qtext_image_horiz, "text-image-horiz");

  /* The image map types.  */
  DEFSYM (QCmap, ":map");
  DEFSYM (QCpointer, ":pointer");
  DEFSYM (Qrect, "rect");
  DEFSYM (Qcircle, "circle");
  DEFSYM (Qpoly, "poly");

  DEFSYM (Qinhibit_menubar_update, "inhibit-menubar-update");

  DEFSYM (Qgrow_only, "grow-only");
  DEFSYM (Qinhibit_eval_during_redisplay, "inhibit-eval-during-redisplay");
  DEFSYM (Qposition, "position");
  DEFSYM (Qbuffer_position, "buffer-position");
  DEFSYM (Qobject, "object");

  /* Cursor shapes.  */
  DEFSYM (Qbar, "bar");
  DEFSYM (Qhbar, "hbar");
  DEFSYM (Qbox, "box");
  DEFSYM (Qhollow, "hollow");

  /* Pointer shapes.  */
  DEFSYM (Qhand, "hand");
  DEFSYM (Qarrow, "arrow");
  /* also Qtext */

  DEFSYM (Qdragging, "dragging");

  DEFSYM (Qinhibit_free_realized_faces, "inhibit-free-realized-faces");

  list_of_error = list1 (list2 (Qerror, Qvoid_variable));
  staticpro (&list_of_error);

  /* Values of those variables at last redisplay are stored as
     properties on 'overlay-arrow-position' symbol.  However, if
     Voverlay_arrow_position is a marker, last-arrow-position is its
     numerical position.  */
  DEFSYM (Qlast_arrow_position, "last-arrow-position");
  DEFSYM (Qlast_arrow_string, "last-arrow-string");

  /* Alternative overlay-arrow-string and overlay-arrow-bitmap
     properties on a symbol in overlay-arrow-variable-list.  */
  DEFSYM (Qoverlay_arrow_string, "overlay-arrow-string");
  DEFSYM (Qoverlay_arrow_bitmap, "overlay-arrow-bitmap");

  echo_buffer[0] = echo_buffer[1] = Qnil;
  staticpro (&echo_buffer[0]);
  staticpro (&echo_buffer[1]);

  echo_area_buffer[0] = echo_area_buffer[1] = Qnil;
  staticpro (&echo_area_buffer[0]);
  staticpro (&echo_area_buffer[1]);

  Vmessages_buffer_name = build_pure_c_string ("*Messages*");
  staticpro (&Vmessages_buffer_name);

  mode_line_proptrans_alist = Qnil;
  staticpro (&mode_line_proptrans_alist);
  mode_line_string_list = Qnil;
  staticpro (&mode_line_string_list);
  mode_line_string_face = Qnil;
  staticpro (&mode_line_string_face);
  mode_line_string_face_prop = Qnil;
  staticpro (&mode_line_string_face_prop);
  Vmode_line_unwind_vector = Qnil;
  staticpro (&Vmode_line_unwind_vector);

  DEFSYM (Qmode_line_default_help_echo, "mode-line-default-help-echo");

  help_echo_string = Qnil;
  staticpro (&help_echo_string);
  help_echo_object = Qnil;
  staticpro (&help_echo_object);
  help_echo_window = Qnil;
  staticpro (&help_echo_window);
  previous_help_echo_string = Qnil;
  staticpro (&previous_help_echo_string);
  help_echo_pos = -1;

  DEFSYM (Qright_to_left, "right-to-left");
  DEFSYM (Qleft_to_right, "left-to-right");
  defsubr (&Sbidi_resolved_levels);

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  DEFVAR_BOOL ("x-stretch-cursor", x_stretch_cursor_p,
    doc: /* Non-nil means draw block cursor as wide as the glyph under it.
For example, if a block cursor is over a tab, it will be drawn as
wide as that tab on the display.  */);
  x_stretch_cursor_p = 0;
#endif

  DEFVAR_LISP ("show-trailing-whitespace", Vshow_trailing_whitespace,
    doc: /* Non-nil means highlight trailing whitespace.
The face used for trailing whitespace is `trailing-whitespace'.  */);
  Vshow_trailing_whitespace = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("nobreak-char-display", Vnobreak_char_display,
    doc: /* Control highlighting of non-ASCII space and hyphen chars.
If the value is t, Emacs highlights non-ASCII chars which have the
same appearance as an ASCII space or hyphen, using the `nobreak-space'
or `nobreak-hyphen' face respectively.

U+00A0 (no-break space), U+00AD (soft hyphen), U+2010 (hyphen), and
U+2011 (non-breaking hyphen) are affected.

Any other non-nil value means to display these characters as an escape
glyph followed by an ordinary space or hyphen.

A value of nil means no special handling of these characters.  */);
  Vnobreak_char_display = Qt;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("void-text-area-pointer", Vvoid_text_area_pointer,
    doc: /* The pointer shape to show in void text areas.
A value of nil means to show the text pointer.  Other options are
`arrow', `text', `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `nhdrag', `modeline', and
`hourglass'.  */);
  Vvoid_text_area_pointer = Qarrow;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("inhibit-redisplay", Vinhibit_redisplay,
    doc: /* Non-nil means don't actually do any redisplay.
This is used for internal purposes.  */);
  Vinhibit_redisplay = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("global-mode-string", Vglobal_mode_string,
    doc: /* String (or mode line construct) included (normally) in `mode-line-format'.  */);
  Vglobal_mode_string = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("overlay-arrow-position", Voverlay_arrow_position,
    doc: /* Marker for where to display an arrow on top of the buffer text.
This must be the beginning of a line in order to work.
See also `overlay-arrow-string'.  */);
  Voverlay_arrow_position = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("overlay-arrow-string", Voverlay_arrow_string,
    doc: /* String to display as an arrow in non-window frames.
See also `overlay-arrow-position'.  */);
  Voverlay_arrow_string = build_pure_c_string ("=>");

  DEFVAR_LISP ("overlay-arrow-variable-list", Voverlay_arrow_variable_list,
    doc: /* List of variables (symbols) which hold markers for overlay arrows.
The symbols on this list are examined during redisplay to determine
where to display overlay arrows.  */);
  Voverlay_arrow_variable_list
    = list1 (intern_c_string ("overlay-arrow-position"));

  DEFVAR_INT ("scroll-step", emacs_scroll_step,
    doc: /* The number of lines to try scrolling a window by when point moves out.
If that fails to bring point back on frame, point is centered instead.
If this is zero, point is always centered after it moves off frame.
If you want scrolling to always be a line at a time, you should set
`scroll-conservatively' to a large value rather than set this to 1.  */);

  DEFVAR_INT ("scroll-conservatively", scroll_conservatively,
    doc: /* Scroll up to this many lines, to bring point back on screen.
If point moves off-screen, redisplay will scroll by up to
`scroll-conservatively' lines in order to bring point just barely
onto the screen again.  If that cannot be done, then redisplay
recenters point as usual.

If the value is greater than 100, redisplay will never recenter point,
but will always scroll just enough text to bring point into view, even
if you move far away.

A value of zero means always recenter point if it moves off screen.  */);
  scroll_conservatively = 0;

  DEFVAR_INT ("scroll-margin", scroll_margin,
    doc: /* Number of lines of margin at the top and bottom of a window.
Trigger automatic scrolling whenever point gets within this many lines
of the top or bottom of the window (see info node `Auto Scrolling').  */);
  scroll_margin = 0;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("maximum-scroll-margin", Vmaximum_scroll_margin,
    doc: /* Maximum effective value of `scroll-margin'.
Given as a fraction of the current window's lines.  The value should
be a floating point number between 0.0 and 0.5.  The effective maximum
is limited to (/ (1- window-lines) 2).  Non-float values for this
variable are ignored and the default 0.25 is used instead.  */);
  Vmaximum_scroll_margin = make_float (0.25);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("display-pixels-per-inch",  Vdisplay_pixels_per_inch,
    doc: /* Pixels per inch value for non-window system displays.
Value is a number or a cons (WIDTH-DPI . HEIGHT-DPI).  */);
  Vdisplay_pixels_per_inch = make_float (72.0);

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  DEFVAR_INT ("debug-end-pos", debug_end_pos, doc: /* Don't ask.  */);
#endif

  DEFVAR_LISP ("truncate-partial-width-windows",
               Vtruncate_partial_width_windows,
    doc: /* Non-nil means truncate lines in windows narrower than the frame.
For an integer value, truncate lines in each window narrower than the
full frame width, provided the total window width in column units is less
than that integer; otherwise, respect the value of `truncate-lines'.
The total width of the window is as returned by `window-total-width', it
includes the fringes, the continuation and truncation glyphs, the
display margins (if any), and the scroll bar

For any other non-nil value, truncate lines in all windows that do
not span the full frame width.

A value of nil means to respect the value of `truncate-lines'.

If `word-wrap' is enabled, you might want to reduce this.  */);
  Vtruncate_partial_width_windows = make_number (50);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("line-number-display-limit", Vline_number_display_limit,
    doc: /* Maximum buffer size for which line number should be displayed.
If the buffer is bigger than this, the line number does not appear
in the mode line.  A value of nil means no limit.  */);
  Vline_number_display_limit = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_INT ("line-number-display-limit-width",
              line_number_display_limit_width,
    doc: /* Maximum line width (in characters) for line number display.
If the average length of the lines near point is bigger than this, then the
line number may be omitted from the mode line.  */);
  line_number_display_limit_width = 200;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("highlight-nonselected-windows", highlight_nonselected_windows,
    doc: /* Non-nil means highlight region even in nonselected windows.  */);
  highlight_nonselected_windows = false;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("multiple-frames", multiple_frames,
    doc: /* Non-nil if more than one frame is visible on this display.
Minibuffer-only frames don't count, but iconified frames do.
This variable is not guaranteed to be accurate except while processing
`frame-title-format' and `icon-title-format'.  */);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("frame-title-format", Vframe_title_format,
    doc: /* Template for displaying the title bar of visible frames.
\(Assuming the window manager supports this feature.)

This variable has the same structure as `mode-line-format', except that
the %c, %C, and %l constructs are ignored.  It is used only on frames for
which no explicit name has been set (see `modify-frame-parameters').  */);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("icon-title-format", Vicon_title_format,
    doc: /* Template for displaying the title bar of an iconified frame.
\(Assuming the window manager supports this feature.)
This variable has the same structure as `mode-line-format' (which see),
and is used only on frames for which no explicit name has been set
\(see `modify-frame-parameters').  */);
  Vicon_title_format
    = Vframe_title_format
    = listn (CONSTYPE_PURE, 3,
             intern_c_string ("multiple-frames"),
             build_pure_c_string ("%b"),
             listn (CONSTYPE_PURE, 4,
                    empty_unibyte_string,
                    intern_c_string ("invocation-name"),
                    build_pure_c_string ("@"),
                    intern_c_string ("system-name")));

  DEFVAR_LISP ("message-log-max", Vmessage_log_max,
    doc: /* Maximum number of lines to keep in the message log buffer.
If nil, disable message logging.  If t, log messages but don't truncate
the buffer when it becomes large.  */);
  Vmessage_log_max = make_number (1000);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("window-scroll-functions", Vwindow_scroll_functions,
    doc: /* List of functions to call before redisplaying a window with scrolling.
Each function is called with two arguments, the window and its new
display-start position.
These functions are called whenever the `window-start' marker is modified,
either to point into another buffer (e.g. via `set-window-buffer') or another
place in the same buffer.
When each function is called, the `window-start' marker of its window
argument has been already set to the new value, and the buffer which that
window will display is set to be the current buffer.
Note that the value of `window-end' is not valid when these functions are
called.

Warning: Do not use this feature to alter the way the window
is scrolled.  It is not designed for that, and such use probably won't
work.  */);
  Vwindow_scroll_functions = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("redisplay-end-trigger-functions", Vredisplay_end_trigger_functions,
    doc: /* Functions called when redisplay of a window reaches the end trigger.
Each function is called with two arguments, the window and the end trigger value.
See `set-window-redisplay-end-trigger'.  */);
  Vredisplay_end_trigger_functions = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("mouse-autoselect-window", Vmouse_autoselect_window,
     doc: /* Non-nil means autoselect window with mouse pointer.
If nil, do not autoselect windows.
A positive number means delay autoselection by that many seconds: a
window is autoselected only after the mouse has remained in that
window for the duration of the delay.
A negative number has a similar effect, but causes windows to be
autoselected only after the mouse has stopped moving.  (Because of
the way Emacs compares mouse events, you will occasionally wait twice
that time before the window gets selected.)
Any other value means to autoselect window instantaneously when the
mouse pointer enters it.

Autoselection selects the minibuffer only if it is active, and never
unselects the minibuffer if it is active.

When customizing this variable make sure that the actual value of
`focus-follows-mouse' matches the behavior of your window manager.  */);
  Vmouse_autoselect_window = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("auto-resize-tool-bars", Vauto_resize_tool_bars,
    doc: /* Non-nil means automatically resize tool-bars.
This dynamically changes the tool-bar's height to the minimum height
that is needed to make all tool-bar items visible.
If value is `grow-only', the tool-bar's height is only increased
automatically; to decrease the tool-bar height, use \\[recenter].  */);
  Vauto_resize_tool_bars = Qt;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("auto-raise-tool-bar-buttons", auto_raise_tool_bar_buttons_p,
    doc: /* Non-nil means raise tool-bar buttons when the mouse moves over them.  */);
  auto_raise_tool_bar_buttons_p = true;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("make-cursor-line-fully-visible", make_cursor_line_fully_visible_p,
    doc: /* Non-nil means to scroll (recenter) cursor line if it is not fully visible.  */);
  make_cursor_line_fully_visible_p = true;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("tool-bar-border", Vtool_bar_border,
    doc: /* Border below tool-bar in pixels.
If an integer, use it as the height of the border.
If it is one of `internal-border-width' or `border-width', use the
value of the corresponding frame parameter.
Otherwise, no border is added below the tool-bar.  */);
  Vtool_bar_border = Qinternal_border_width;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("tool-bar-button-margin", Vtool_bar_button_margin,
    doc: /* Margin around tool-bar buttons in pixels.
If an integer, use that for both horizontal and vertical margins.
Otherwise, value should be a pair of integers `(HORZ . VERT)' with
HORZ specifying the horizontal margin, and VERT specifying the
vertical margin.  */);
  Vtool_bar_button_margin = make_number (DEFAULT_TOOL_BAR_BUTTON_MARGIN);

  DEFVAR_INT ("tool-bar-button-relief", tool_bar_button_relief,
    doc: /* Relief thickness of tool-bar buttons.  */);
  tool_bar_button_relief = DEFAULT_TOOL_BAR_BUTTON_RELIEF;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("tool-bar-style", Vtool_bar_style,
    doc: /* Tool bar style to use.
It can be one of
 image            - show images only
 text             - show text only
 both             - show both, text below image
 both-horiz       - show text to the right of the image
 text-image-horiz - show text to the left of the image
 any other        - use system default or image if no system default.

This variable only affects the GTK+ toolkit version of Emacs.  */);
  Vtool_bar_style = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_INT ("tool-bar-max-label-size", tool_bar_max_label_size,
    doc: /* Maximum number of characters a label can have to be shown.
The tool bar style must also show labels for this to have any effect, see
`tool-bar-style'.  */);
  tool_bar_max_label_size = DEFAULT_TOOL_BAR_LABEL_SIZE;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("fontification-functions", Vfontification_functions,
    doc: /* List of functions to call to fontify regions of text.
Each function is called with one argument POS.  Functions must
fontify a region starting at POS in the current buffer, and give
fontified regions the property `fontified'.  */);
  Vfontification_functions = Qnil;
  Fmake_variable_buffer_local (Qfontification_functions);

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("unibyte-display-via-language-environment",
               unibyte_display_via_language_environment,
    doc: /* Non-nil means display unibyte text according to language environment.
Specifically, this means that raw bytes in the range 160-255 decimal
are displayed by converting them to the equivalent multibyte characters
according to the current language environment.  As a result, they are
displayed according to the current fontset.

Note that this variable affects only how these bytes are displayed,
but does not change the fact they are interpreted as raw bytes.  */);
  unibyte_display_via_language_environment = false;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("max-mini-window-height", Vmax_mini_window_height,
    doc: /* Maximum height for resizing mini-windows (the minibuffer and the echo area).
If a float, it specifies a fraction of the mini-window frame's height.
If an integer, it specifies a number of lines.  */);
  Vmax_mini_window_height = make_float (0.25);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("resize-mini-windows", Vresize_mini_windows,
    doc: /* How to resize mini-windows (the minibuffer and the echo area).
A value of nil means don't automatically resize mini-windows.
A value of t means resize them to fit the text displayed in them.
A value of `grow-only', the default, means let mini-windows grow only;
they return to their normal size when the minibuffer is closed, or the
echo area becomes empty.  */);
  /* Contrary to the doc string, we initialize this to nil, so that
     loading loadup.el won't try to resize windows before loading
     window.el, where some functions we need to call for this live.
     We assign the 'grow-only' value right after loading window.el
     during loadup.  */
  Vresize_mini_windows = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("blink-cursor-alist", Vblink_cursor_alist,
    doc: /* Alist specifying how to blink the cursor off.
Each element has the form (ON-STATE . OFF-STATE).  Whenever the
`cursor-type' frame-parameter or variable equals ON-STATE,
comparing using `equal', Emacs uses OFF-STATE to specify
how to blink it off.  ON-STATE and OFF-STATE are values for
the `cursor-type' frame parameter.

If a frame's ON-STATE has no entry in this list,
the frame's other specifications determine how to blink the cursor off.  */);
  Vblink_cursor_alist = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("auto-hscroll-mode", automatic_hscrolling,
    doc: /* Allow or disallow automatic horizontal scrolling of windows.
The value `current-line' means the line displaying point in each window
is automatically scrolled horizontally to make point visible.
Any other non-nil value means all the lines in a window are automatically
scrolled horizontally to make point visible.  */);
  automatic_hscrolling = Qt;
  DEFSYM (Qauto_hscroll_mode, "auto-hscroll-mode");
  DEFSYM (Qcurrent_line, "current-line");

  DEFVAR_INT ("hscroll-margin", hscroll_margin,
    doc: /* How many columns away from the window edge point is allowed to get
before automatic hscrolling will horizontally scroll the window.  */);
  hscroll_margin = 5;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("hscroll-step", Vhscroll_step,
    doc: /* How many columns to scroll the window when point gets too close to the edge.
When point is less than `hscroll-margin' columns from the window
edge, automatic hscrolling will scroll the window by the amount of columns
determined by this variable.  If its value is a positive integer, scroll that
many columns.  If it's a positive floating-point number, it specifies the
fraction of the window's width to scroll.  If it's nil or zero, point will be
centered horizontally after the scroll.  Any other value, including negative
numbers, are treated as if the value were zero.

Automatic hscrolling always moves point outside the scroll margin, so if
point was more than scroll step columns inside the margin, the window will
scroll more than the value given by the scroll step.

Note that the lower bound for automatic hscrolling specified by `scroll-left'
and `scroll-right' overrides this variable's effect.  */);
  Vhscroll_step = make_number (0);

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("message-truncate-lines", message_truncate_lines,
    doc: /* If non-nil, messages are truncated instead of resizing the echo area.
Bind this around calls to `message' to let it take effect.  */);
  message_truncate_lines = false;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("menu-bar-update-hook",  Vmenu_bar_update_hook,
    doc: /* Normal hook run to update the menu bar definitions.
Redisplay runs this hook before it redisplays the menu bar.
This is used to update menus such as Buffers, whose contents depend on
various data.  */);
  Vmenu_bar_update_hook = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("menu-updating-frame", Vmenu_updating_frame,
               doc: /* Frame for which we are updating a menu.
The enable predicate for a menu binding should check this variable.  */);
  Vmenu_updating_frame = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("inhibit-menubar-update", inhibit_menubar_update,
    doc: /* Non-nil means don't update menu bars.  Internal use only.  */);
  inhibit_menubar_update = false;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("wrap-prefix", Vwrap_prefix,
    doc: /* Prefix prepended to all continuation lines at display time.
The value may be a string, an image, or a stretch-glyph; it is
interpreted in the same way as the value of a `display' text property.

This variable is overridden by any `wrap-prefix' text or overlay
property.

To add a prefix to non-continuation lines, use `line-prefix'.  */);
  Vwrap_prefix = Qnil;
  DEFSYM (Qwrap_prefix, "wrap-prefix");
  Fmake_variable_buffer_local (Qwrap_prefix);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("line-prefix", Vline_prefix,
    doc: /* Prefix prepended to all non-continuation lines at display time.
The value may be a string, an image, or a stretch-glyph; it is
interpreted in the same way as the value of a `display' text property.

This variable is overridden by any `line-prefix' text or overlay
property.

To add a prefix to continuation lines, use `wrap-prefix'.  */);
  Vline_prefix = Qnil;
  DEFSYM (Qline_prefix, "line-prefix");
  Fmake_variable_buffer_local (Qline_prefix);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("display-line-numbers", Vdisplay_line_numbers,
    doc: /* Non-nil means display line numbers.
If the value is t, display the absolute number of each line of a buffer
shown in a window.  Absolute line numbers count from the beginning of
the current narrowing, or from buffer beginning.  If the value is
`relative', display for each line not containing the window's point its
relative number instead, i.e. the number of the line relative to the
line showing the window's point.

In either case, line numbers are displayed at the beginning of each
non-continuation line that displays buffer text, i.e. after each newline
character that comes from the buffer.  The value `visual' is like
`relative' but counts screen lines instead of buffer lines.  In practice
this means that continuation lines count as well when calculating the
relative number of a line.

Lisp programs can disable display of a line number of a particular
buffer line by putting the `display-line-numbers-disable' text property
or overlay property on the first visible character of that line.  */);
  Vdisplay_line_numbers = Qnil;
  DEFSYM (Qdisplay_line_numbers, "display-line-numbers");
  Fmake_variable_buffer_local (Qdisplay_line_numbers);
  DEFSYM (Qrelative, "relative");
  DEFSYM (Qvisual, "visual");

  DEFVAR_LISP ("display-line-numbers-width", Vdisplay_line_numbers_width,
    doc: /* Minimum width of space reserved for line number display.
A positive number means reserve that many columns for line numbers,
even if the actual number needs less space.
The default value of nil means compute the space dynamically.
Any other value is treated as nil.  */);
  Vdisplay_line_numbers_width = Qnil;
  DEFSYM (Qdisplay_line_numbers_width, "display-line-numbers-width");
  Fmake_variable_buffer_local (Qdisplay_line_numbers_width);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("display-line-numbers-current-absolute",
               Vdisplay_line_numbers_current_absolute,
    doc: /* Non-nil means display absolute number of current line.
This variable has effect only when `display-line-numbers' is
either `relative' or `visual'.  */);
  Vdisplay_line_numbers_current_absolute = Qt;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("display-line-numbers-widen", display_line_numbers_widen,
    doc: /* Non-nil means display line numbers disregarding any narrowing.  */);
  display_line_numbers_widen = false;
  DEFSYM (Qdisplay_line_numbers_widen, "display-line-numbers-widen");
  Fmake_variable_buffer_local (Qdisplay_line_numbers_widen);

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("inhibit-eval-during-redisplay", inhibit_eval_during_redisplay,
    doc: /* Non-nil means don't eval Lisp during redisplay.  */);
  inhibit_eval_during_redisplay = false;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("inhibit-free-realized-faces", inhibit_free_realized_faces,
    doc: /* Non-nil means don't free realized faces.  Internal use only.  */);
  inhibit_free_realized_faces = false;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("inhibit-bidi-mirroring", inhibit_bidi_mirroring,
    doc: /* Non-nil means don't mirror characters even when bidi context requires that.
Intended for use during debugging and for testing bidi display;
see biditest.el in the test suite.  */);
  inhibit_bidi_mirroring = false;

#ifdef GLYPH_DEBUG
  DEFVAR_BOOL ("inhibit-try-window-id", inhibit_try_window_id,
               doc: /* Inhibit try_window_id display optimization.  */);
  inhibit_try_window_id = false;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("inhibit-try-window-reusing", inhibit_try_window_reusing,
               doc: /* Inhibit try_window_reusing display optimization.  */);
  inhibit_try_window_reusing = false;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("inhibit-try-cursor-movement", inhibit_try_cursor_movement,
               doc: /* Inhibit try_cursor_movement display optimization.  */);
  inhibit_try_cursor_movement = false;
#endif /* GLYPH_DEBUG */

  DEFVAR_INT ("overline-margin", overline_margin,
               doc: /* Space between overline and text, in pixels.
The default value is 2: the height of the overline (1 pixel) plus 1 pixel
margin to the character height.  */);
  overline_margin = 2;

  DEFVAR_INT ("underline-minimum-offset",
               underline_minimum_offset,
     doc: /* Minimum distance between baseline and underline.
This can improve legibility of underlined text at small font sizes,
particularly when using variable `x-use-underline-position-properties'
with fonts that specify an UNDERLINE_POSITION relatively close to the
baseline.  The default value is 1.  */);
  underline_minimum_offset = 1;
  DEFSYM (Qunderline_minimum_offset, "underline-minimum-offset");

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("display-hourglass", display_hourglass_p,
               doc: /* Non-nil means show an hourglass pointer, when Emacs is busy.
This feature only works when on a window system that can change
cursor shapes.  */);
  display_hourglass_p = true;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("hourglass-delay", Vhourglass_delay,
               doc: /* Seconds to wait before displaying an hourglass pointer when Emacs is busy.  */);
  Vhourglass_delay = make_number (DEFAULT_HOURGLASS_DELAY);

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM
  hourglass_atimer = NULL;
  hourglass_shown_p = false;
#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */

  /* Name of the face used to display glyphless characters.  */
  DEFSYM (Qglyphless_char, "glyphless-char");

  /* Method symbols for Vglyphless_char_display.  */
  DEFSYM (Qhex_code, "hex-code");
  DEFSYM (Qempty_box, "empty-box");
  DEFSYM (Qthin_space, "thin-space");
  DEFSYM (Qzero_width, "zero-width");

  DEFVAR_LISP ("pre-redisplay-function", Vpre_redisplay_function,
               doc: /* Function run just before redisplay.
It is called with one argument, which is the set of windows that are to
be redisplayed.  This set can be nil (meaning, only the selected window),
or t (meaning all windows).  */);
  Vpre_redisplay_function = intern ("ignore");

  /* Symbol for the purpose of Vglyphless_char_display.  */
  DEFSYM (Qglyphless_char_display, "glyphless-char-display");
  Fput (Qglyphless_char_display, Qchar_table_extra_slots, make_number (1));

  DEFVAR_LISP ("glyphless-char-display", Vglyphless_char_display,
               doc: /* Char-table defining glyphless characters.
Each element, if non-nil, should be one of the following:
  an ASCII acronym string: display this string in a box
  `hex-code':   display the hexadecimal code of a character in a box
  `empty-box':  display as an empty box
  `thin-space': display as 1-pixel width space
  `zero-width': don't display
An element may also be a cons cell (GRAPHICAL . TEXT), which specifies the
display method for graphical terminals and text terminals respectively.
GRAPHICAL and TEXT should each have one of the values listed above.

The char-table has one extra slot to control the display of a character for
which no font is found.  This slot only takes effect on graphical terminals.
Its value should be an ASCII acronym string, `hex-code', `empty-box', or
`thin-space'.  The default is `empty-box'.

If a character has a non-nil entry in an active display table, the
display table takes effect; in this case, Emacs does not consult
`glyphless-char-display' at all.  */);
  Vglyphless_char_display = Fmake_char_table (Qglyphless_char_display, Qnil);
  Fset_char_table_extra_slot (Vglyphless_char_display, make_number (0),
                              Qempty_box);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("debug-on-message", Vdebug_on_message,
               doc: /* If non-nil, debug if a message matching this regexp is displayed.  */);
  Vdebug_on_message = Qnil;

  DEFVAR_LISP ("redisplay--all-windows-cause", Vredisplay__all_windows_cause,
               doc: /*  */);
  Vredisplay__all_windows_cause = Fmake_hash_table (0, NULL);

  DEFVAR_LISP ("redisplay--mode-lines-cause", Vredisplay__mode_lines_cause,
               doc: /*  */);
  Vredisplay__mode_lines_cause = Fmake_hash_table (0, NULL);

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("redisplay--inhibit-bidi", redisplay__inhibit_bidi,
     doc: /* Non-nil means it is not safe to attempt bidi reordering for display.  */);
  /* Initialize to t, since we need to disable reordering until
     loadup.el successfully loads charprop.el.  */
  redisplay__inhibit_bidi = true;

  DEFVAR_BOOL ("display-raw-bytes-as-hex", display_raw_bytes_as_hex,
    doc: /* Non-nil means display raw bytes in hexadecimal format.
The default is to use octal format (\200) whereas hexadecimal (\x80)
may be more familiar to users.  */);
  display_raw_bytes_as_hex = false;

}


/* Initialize this module when Emacs starts.  */

void
init_xdisp (void)
{
  CHARPOS (this_line_start_pos) = 0;

  if (!noninteractive)
    {
      struct window *m = XWINDOW (minibuf_window);
      Lisp_Object frame = m->frame;
      struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);
      Lisp_Object root = FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f);
      struct window *r = XWINDOW (root);
      int i;

      echo_area_window = minibuf_window;

      r->top_line = FRAME_TOP_MARGIN (f);
      r->pixel_top = r->top_line * FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f);
      r->total_cols = FRAME_COLS (f);
      r->pixel_width = r->total_cols * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (f);
      r->total_lines = FRAME_TOTAL_LINES (f) - 1 - FRAME_TOP_MARGIN (f);
      r->pixel_height = r->total_lines * FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f);

      m->top_line = FRAME_TOTAL_LINES (f) - 1;
      m->pixel_top = m->top_line * FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f);
      m->total_cols = FRAME_COLS (f);
      m->pixel_width = m->total_cols * FRAME_COLUMN_WIDTH (f);
      m->total_lines = 1;
      m->pixel_height = m->total_lines * FRAME_LINE_HEIGHT (f);

      scratch_glyph_row.glyphs[TEXT_AREA] = scratch_glyphs;
      scratch_glyph_row.glyphs[TEXT_AREA + 1]
        = scratch_glyphs + MAX_SCRATCH_GLYPHS;

      /* The default ellipsis glyphs `...'.  */
      for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
        default_invis_vector[i] = make_number ('.');
    }

  {
    /* Allocate the buffer for frame titles.
       Also used for `format-mode-line'.  */
    int size = 100;
    mode_line_noprop_buf = xmalloc (size);
    mode_line_noprop_buf_end = mode_line_noprop_buf + size;
    mode_line_noprop_ptr = mode_line_noprop_buf;
    mode_line_target = MODE_LINE_DISPLAY;
  }

  help_echo_showing_p = false;
}

#ifdef HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM

/* Platform-independent portion of hourglass implementation.  */

/* Timer function of hourglass_atimer.  */

static void
show_hourglass (struct atimer *timer)
{
  /* The timer implementation will cancel this timer automatically
     after this function has run.  Set hourglass_atimer to null
     so that we know the timer doesn't have to be canceled.  */
  hourglass_atimer = NULL;

  if (!hourglass_shown_p)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;

      block_input ();

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);

          if (FRAME_LIVE_P (f) && FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
              && FRAME_RIF (f)->show_hourglass)
            FRAME_RIF (f)->show_hourglass (f);
        }

      hourglass_shown_p = true;
      unblock_input ();
    }
}

/* Cancel a currently active hourglass timer, and start a new one.  */

void
start_hourglass (void)
{
  struct timespec delay;

  cancel_hourglass ();

  if (INTEGERP (Vhourglass_delay)
      && XINT (Vhourglass_delay) > 0)
    delay = make_timespec (min (XINT (Vhourglass_delay),
                                  TYPE_MAXIMUM (time_t)),
                           0);
  else if (FLOATP (Vhourglass_delay)
           && XFLOAT_DATA (Vhourglass_delay) > 0)
    delay = dtotimespec (XFLOAT_DATA (Vhourglass_delay));
  else
    delay = make_timespec (DEFAULT_HOURGLASS_DELAY, 0);

  hourglass_atimer = start_atimer (ATIMER_RELATIVE, delay,
                                   show_hourglass, NULL);
}

/* Cancel the hourglass cursor timer if active, hide a busy cursor if
   shown.  */

void
cancel_hourglass (void)
{
  if (hourglass_atimer)
    {
      cancel_atimer (hourglass_atimer);
      hourglass_atimer = NULL;
    }

  if (hourglass_shown_p)
    {
      Lisp_Object tail, frame;

      block_input ();

      FOR_EACH_FRAME (tail, frame)
        {
          struct frame *f = XFRAME (frame);

          if (FRAME_LIVE_P (f) && FRAME_WINDOW_P (f)
              && FRAME_RIF (f)->hide_hourglass)
            FRAME_RIF (f)->hide_hourglass (f);
#ifdef HAVE_NTGUI
          /* No cursors on non GUI frames - restore to stock arrow cursor.  */
          else if (!FRAME_W32_P (f))
            w32_arrow_cursor ();
#endif
        }

      hourglass_shown_p = false;
      unblock_input ();
    }
}

#endif /* HAVE_WINDOW_SYSTEM */