1 Building and Installing Emacs
2 on Windows NT and Windows 95/98/2000
4 To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0 or
5 later, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later with Mingw and W32 API
6 support and a port of GNU make. You can use the Cygwin ports of GCC,
7 but Emacs requires the Mingw headers and libraries to build.
9 Please see http://www.mingw.org for pointers to GCC/Mingw binaries.
13 Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the
14 nt subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available,
15 and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler
16 detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying
17 options on the command line when invoking configure.
19 To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available,
20 simply change to the nt subdirectory and run `configure' with no
21 options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'.
23 N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure
24 is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be
25 surpressed because of limitations in the Windows 9x command.com shell.
29 After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for
30 your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is
33 As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages
34 declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data
35 conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages.
36 The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but
37 until then we will just live with them.
41 To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `make install'.
43 By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was
44 built, but a different location can be specified either using the
45 --prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running
48 make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs
50 The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and
51 to create a Start menu icon for Emacs.
55 The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building
56 Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old Mingw or W32 API
57 headers. Additionally, cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs
58 source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles
59 generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also,
60 cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying
61 --unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment.
63 When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the
64 headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version
65 2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained
66 sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some
67 definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c. The W32 API
68 headers that come with Cygwin b20.1 are incomplete, and do not include
69 some definitions required by addsection.c, for instance. Also, older
70 releases of the W32 API headers from Anders Norlander contain a typo
71 in the definition of IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION in winnt.h, which
72 addsection.c relies on. Versions of w32api-xxx.zip from at least
73 1999-11-18 onwards are okay.
77 You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is
78 appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if
79 compiled with MSVC, or gdb if compiled with gcc.
81 Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects
82 their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names
83 prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For
84 example, the function call-process is implemented in C by
85 Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again
86 with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to
87 easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name.
89 Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the
90 Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in the MSVC
91 debugger, Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that
92 prints out a readable representation of a Lisp_Object. (If you are
93 using gdb, there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which
94 provides definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. The
95 following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC.) The output
96 from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger via the
97 OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should be
98 displayed in the console window that was opened when the emacs.exe
99 executable was started. The output sent to the debugger should be
100 displayed in its "Debug" output window.
102 When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to
103 examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, popup the QuickWatch
104 window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the
105 toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter
106 debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run
107 Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click
108 on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should
109 halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call
110 Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack
111 (see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window
112 and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will
113 then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path.
115 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call
116 stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call
117 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize
118 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs
119 procedure and try using debug_print again.
121 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the
122 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is
123 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be
124 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current
125 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts
126 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current
127 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched