1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 See the end of the file for license conditions.
7 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
8 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
10 This file is about changes in Emacs version 22.
12 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
13 in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
18 * About external Lisp packages
20 When you upgrade to Emacs 22 from a previous version, some older
21 versions of external Lisp packages are known to behave badly.
22 So in general, it is recommended that you upgrade to the latest
23 versions of any external Lisp packages that you are using.
25 You should also be aware that many Lisp packages have been included
26 with Emacs 22 (see the extensive list below), and you should remove
27 any older versions of these packages to ensure that the Emacs 22
28 version is used. You can use M-x list-load-path-shadows to find such
31 Some specific packages that are known to cause problems are given
32 below. Emacs tries to warn you about these through `bad-packages-alist'.
34 ** Semantic (used by CEDET, ECB, JDEE): upgrade to latest version.
36 ** cua.el, cua-mode.el: remove old versions.
39 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.2
41 ** Emacs is now licensed under the GNU GPL version 3 (or later).
43 ** Support for GNU/kFreeBSD (GNU userland and FreeBSD kernel) was added.
45 * Changes in Emacs 22.2
47 ** `find-name-dired' now uses -iname rather than -name
48 for case-insensitive filesystems. The default behavior is determined
49 by the value of `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case'; if you don't
50 like that, customize the value of the new option `find-name-arg'.
52 ** In Image mode, whenever the displayed image is wider and/or higher
53 than the window, the usual keys for moving the cursor cause the image
54 to be scrolled horizontally or vertically instead.
56 ** Scrollbars follow the system theme on Windows XP and later.
57 Windows XP introduced themed scrollbars, but applications have to take
58 special steps to use them. Emacs now has the appropriate resources linked
59 in to make it use the scrollbars from the system theme.
61 ** focus-follows-mouse defaults to nil on MS Windows.
62 Previously this variable was incorrectly documented as having no effect
63 on MS Windows, and the default was inappropriate for the majority of
64 Windows installations. Users of software which modifies the behaviour of
65 Windows to cause focus to follow the mouse will now need to explicitly set
68 ** `bad-packages-alist' will warn about external packages that are known
69 to cause problems in this version of Emacs.
71 ** The values of `dired-recursive-deletes' and `dired-recursive-copies'
72 have been changed to `top'. This means that the user is asked once,
73 before deleting/copying the indicated directory recursively.
75 ** `browse-url-emacs' loads a URL into an Emacs buffer. Handy for *.el URLs.
77 ** The command gdba has been removed as gdb works now for those cases where it
78 was needed. In text command mode, if you have problems before execution has
79 started, use M-x gud-gdb.
81 ** desktop.el now detects conflicting uses of the desktop file.
82 When loading the desktop, desktop.el can now detect that the file is already
83 in use. The default behavior is to ask the user what to do, but you can
84 customize it with the new option `desktop-load-locked-desktop'. When saving,
85 desktop.el warns about attempts to overwrite a desktop file if it determines
86 that the desktop being saved is not an update of the one on disk.
88 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.2
90 ** bibtex-style-mode helps you write BibTeX's *.bst files.
92 ** The new package css-mode.el provides a major mode for editing CSS files.
94 ** The new package vera-mode.el provides a major mode for editing Vera files.
96 ** The new package verilog-mode.el provides a major mode for editing Verilog files.
98 ** The new package socks.el implements the SOCKS v5 protocol.
102 *** VC backends can provide completion of revision names.
104 *** VC backends can provide extra menu entries to be added to the "Version Control" menu.
105 This can be used to add menu entries for backend specific functions.
107 *** VC has some support for Mercurial (Hg).
109 *** VC has some support for Monotone (Mtn).
111 *** VC has some support for Bazaar (Bzr).
113 *** VC has some support for Git.
115 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.2.
117 ** Frame-local variables are deprecated and are slated for removal.
118 Use frame parameters instead.
120 ** The function invisible-p returns non-nil if the character
121 after a specified position is invisible.
124 ** inhibit-modification-hooks is bound to t while running modification hooks.
125 As a happy consequence, after-change-functions and before-change-functions
126 are not bound to nil any more while running an (after|before)-change-function.
128 ** New function `window-full-width-p' returns t if a window is as wide
131 ** The new function `image-refresh' refreshes all images associated
132 with a given image specification.
134 ** The new function `combine-and-quote-strings' concatenates a list of strings
135 using a specified separator. If a string contains double quotes, they
136 are escaped in the output.
138 ** The new function `split-string-and-unquote' performs the inverse operation to
139 `combine-and-quote-strings', i.e. splits a single string into a list
140 of strings, undoing any quoting added by `combine-and-quote-strings'.
141 (For some separator/string combinations, the original strings cannot
145 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
147 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
148 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
149 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
151 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
153 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
154 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
155 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar to make it easily
156 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
158 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
161 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
162 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
163 item was added to the menu bar to make it easily accessible
164 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
166 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
167 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
170 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
171 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
173 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
174 create a non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
175 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
177 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
179 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
181 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
183 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on Tensilica Xtensa machines was added.
185 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
187 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
188 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
189 with simplified and traditional characters), French, Russian, and
190 Italian. Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language
191 setup doesn't automatically select the right one.
193 ** New translations of the Emacs reference card are available in the
194 Brasilian Portuguese and Russian. The corresponding PostScript files
197 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
199 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
200 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
203 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
204 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
205 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
206 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
207 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
208 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
209 in each user's home directory.
211 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
212 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
213 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
214 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
216 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
218 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
220 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
221 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
223 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
224 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
225 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
226 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
227 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
228 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
229 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
231 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
233 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
234 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
236 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
237 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
238 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
240 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
241 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
244 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
245 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
247 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
248 much pure storage it will approximately need.
251 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
254 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
255 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
256 ~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
258 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
259 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
260 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
261 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
262 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
264 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
265 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
266 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
267 `inhibit-splash-screen' (which is also aliased as
268 `inhibit-startup-message').
270 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
271 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
272 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
274 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
275 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
277 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
278 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
279 can start with this line:
281 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
283 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
284 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
285 an interactively callable function.
287 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
288 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
289 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
291 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
293 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
294 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
296 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
297 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
298 affects the initial frame.
300 ** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
301 with respect to its frame position: if you don't specify a position
302 (in your .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry
303 command-line option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows'
306 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
307 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
309 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
310 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
312 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
313 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
314 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
315 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
316 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
318 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
319 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
320 the fancy startup screen.
322 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
323 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
326 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon.
327 The command-line options --icon-type, -i have been replaced with
328 options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn the bitmap icon off.
330 ** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
331 to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
332 concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
335 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
337 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
339 See below for more details.
341 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
342 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
345 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
346 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
347 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
348 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
349 "New keymaps for typing file names".
351 If you want the old behavior back, add these two key bindings to your
354 (define-key minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map
355 " " 'minibuffer-complete-word)
356 (define-key minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map
357 " " 'minibuffer-complete-word)
359 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
360 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
361 it remains unchanged.
363 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
365 See below under "incremental search changes".
367 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
368 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
369 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
370 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
372 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
373 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
375 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
376 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
378 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
379 M-o M-o requests refontification.
381 ** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
384 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
385 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
386 directory with Dired.
388 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
389 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
391 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
392 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
393 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
394 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
395 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
396 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
398 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
399 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
401 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
402 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
404 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
406 ** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
407 It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
409 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
410 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
411 the operating system or your X server.
413 ** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19)
415 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC)
416 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j)
417 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s)
418 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i)
421 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
423 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
424 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
426 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
427 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
428 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
429 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
430 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
433 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
435 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
436 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
437 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
438 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
440 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
441 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
443 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
444 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
446 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
447 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
448 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
449 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
451 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
452 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
453 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
455 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
456 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
459 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
460 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
462 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
464 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
465 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
466 in the value, use `$$'.
468 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
469 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
470 in Paragraph-Indent Text mode.
472 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
475 ** Help command changes:
477 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
479 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
481 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
483 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
485 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
488 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
489 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
491 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
492 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
494 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
495 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
496 run by the key sequence.
497 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
498 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
501 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
502 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
503 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
504 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
505 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
506 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
507 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
508 new-kill-line is on C-k
510 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
511 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
512 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
515 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
516 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
517 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
518 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
519 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
522 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
523 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
524 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
525 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
527 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
528 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
530 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
531 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
532 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
533 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
534 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
535 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
536 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
537 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
538 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
540 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
541 description various information about a character, including its
542 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
543 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
544 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
546 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
547 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
549 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
550 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
551 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
552 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
553 keyboard oriented alternative.
555 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows you to
556 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
557 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
558 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
559 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
561 ** Mark command changes:
563 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
564 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
565 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
566 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
568 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
570 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
571 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
572 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
573 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
574 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
575 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
576 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
577 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
578 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
580 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
581 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
582 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
583 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
584 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
587 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
588 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
589 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
592 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
593 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
594 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
597 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
598 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
599 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
601 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
603 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
604 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
607 ** Incremental Search changes:
609 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
610 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
611 search string used as the string to replace.
613 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
614 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
615 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
616 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
618 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
619 at the end of a line.
621 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
622 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
623 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
625 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
626 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
627 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
628 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
631 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
632 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
633 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
635 ** Replace command changes:
637 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
638 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
639 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
640 time. `\#' in a replacement string now refers to the count of
641 replacements already made by the replacement command. All regular
642 expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the replacement
643 string to specify a position where the replacement string can be
644 edited for each replacement. `query-replace-regexp-eval' is now
645 deprecated since it offers no additional functionality.
647 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
648 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
650 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
651 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
653 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
654 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
655 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
657 ** Local variables lists:
659 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
660 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
661 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
662 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
663 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
665 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
666 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
667 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
668 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
669 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
670 However, risky variables will not be added to
671 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
673 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
674 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
675 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
676 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
677 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
679 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
680 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
681 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
682 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
685 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
686 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
687 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
688 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
689 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
690 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
692 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
693 confirmation as before.
695 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
696 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
698 *** Text properties in local variables.
700 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
701 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
703 ** File operation changes:
705 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
706 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
707 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
708 is only rarely needed.
710 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
712 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
713 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
714 directory with Dired.
716 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
717 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
719 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
721 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
722 Emacs asks for confirmation.
724 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
725 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
726 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
727 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
728 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
729 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
731 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
733 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
734 when visiting the file.
736 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
737 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
738 when saving the file.
740 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
741 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
742 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
743 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
744 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
747 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
748 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
749 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
752 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
753 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
755 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
756 when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
757 wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
759 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
760 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
761 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
763 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
764 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
765 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
767 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
768 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
769 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
770 in data loss, use with care.
772 ** Minibuffer changes:
774 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
775 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
776 it remains unchanged.
778 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
779 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
781 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
782 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
783 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
786 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
788 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
789 have in common and where they begin to differ.
791 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
792 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
793 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
794 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
795 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
796 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
797 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
798 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
800 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
801 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
802 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
803 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
806 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
807 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
808 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
809 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
810 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
811 candidate is a directory.
813 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
814 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
815 elements are deleted from the history list.
817 ** Redisplay changes:
819 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
820 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
821 the mode line of the currently selected window.
823 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
824 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
826 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
827 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
828 appears between the position information and the major mode.
830 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
831 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
832 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
833 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
836 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
837 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
838 the window can be scrolled.
840 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
841 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
842 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
844 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
845 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
847 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
848 position of each bitmap individually.
850 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
851 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
852 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
853 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
855 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
856 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
857 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
858 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
859 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
861 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
862 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
864 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
865 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
867 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
868 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
869 or when the frame is resized.
871 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
872 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
873 outside those margins.
875 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
877 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
878 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
879 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
881 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
882 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
883 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
884 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
886 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
887 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
888 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
889 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
890 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
891 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
893 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
894 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
896 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
897 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
900 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
902 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
903 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
904 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
905 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
907 *** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
908 Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
909 systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
910 even cause Emacs to crash.
912 *** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
913 will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
914 the tool bar, you must type C-l.
916 *** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
919 *** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
920 position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
921 `x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
925 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
926 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
929 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
930 parts of the mode line.
932 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
933 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
934 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
935 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
936 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
937 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
939 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
941 ** Font-Lock (syntax highlighting) changes:
943 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
944 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
945 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
947 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
948 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
951 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
953 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
955 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
956 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
957 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
958 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
960 *** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
961 features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
962 any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
963 bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
964 can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
965 the open-paren is not in column 0.
967 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
968 M-o M-o requests refontification.
970 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
971 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now nil
972 instead of 3. This setting of jit-lock-stealth-time disables stealth
973 fontification: on today's machines, it may be a bug in font lock
974 patterns if fontification otherwise noticeably degrades interactivity.
975 If you find movement in infrequently visited buffers sluggish (and the
976 major mode maintainer has no better idea), customizing
977 jit-lock-stealth-time to a non-nil value will let Emacs fontify
978 buffers in the background when it considers the system to be idle.
979 jit-lock-stealth-nice is now 0.5 instead of 0.125 which is supposed to
980 cause less load than the old defaults.
982 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
984 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
985 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
986 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
987 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
989 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
991 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
992 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
993 refontification takes place.
995 *** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
997 The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
998 obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
999 using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
1000 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
1002 If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
1003 `font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
1004 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
1008 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
1009 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
1010 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
1011 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
1012 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
1013 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
1015 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
1017 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
1018 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
1019 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
1021 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/LessTif can be
1022 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
1024 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
1025 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
1027 *** The menu bar for Motif/LessTif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1028 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1029 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1031 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1032 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1033 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1035 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and LessTif/Motif now pop down on pressing
1036 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1038 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1039 by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1042 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1044 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1046 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1047 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1048 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1050 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1051 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1052 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1053 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1054 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1056 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1057 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1058 t, and the status is shown.
1060 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1061 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1063 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1064 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1067 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1068 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1069 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1073 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1075 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1076 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1077 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1078 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1079 to match this context-sensitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1080 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1082 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1083 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1084 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1085 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1086 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1087 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1088 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1089 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1090 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1092 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1093 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1094 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1097 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1098 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1100 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1101 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1103 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1104 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1105 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1106 can be selected only when it is active.
1108 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1109 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1110 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1111 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1112 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1115 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1116 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1117 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1118 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1119 also disable mouse highlighting.
1121 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1122 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1123 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1125 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1127 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1129 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1130 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1131 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1132 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1134 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1135 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1137 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1139 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1140 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1141 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1142 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1143 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1144 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1145 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1146 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1147 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1148 without any character translation:
1149 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1151 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1152 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1153 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1154 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1155 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1157 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1158 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1159 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1160 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1161 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1162 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1163 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1164 by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1166 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1167 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1168 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1171 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1172 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1174 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1177 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1180 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1183 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1184 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1186 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1187 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1188 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1189 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1190 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1191 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1192 mule-unicode-... ones.
1194 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1195 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1196 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1199 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1200 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1201 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1202 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1203 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1205 *** New language environments (set up automatically according to the
1206 locale): Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chinese-EUC-TW, Croatian, Esperanto,
1207 French, Georgian, Italian, Latin-7, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malayalam,
1208 Russian, Russian, Slovenian, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, UTF-8,Ukrainian,
1209 Welsh,Latin-6, Windows-1255.
1211 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1212 belarusian, bulgarian-bds, bulgarian-phonetic, chinese-sisheng (for
1213 Chinese Pinyin characters), croatian, dutch, georgian, latvian-keyboard,
1214 lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard, malayalam-inscript, rfc1345,
1215 russian-computer, sgml, slovenian, tamil-inscript, ukrainian-computer,
1216 ucs, vietnamese-telex, welsh.
1218 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1219 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1220 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient.
1221 This is controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1223 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1224 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1225 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1226 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1230 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1231 M-t (transpose-words)
1232 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1234 *** Indian support has been updated.
1235 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1236 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various Indian scripts,
1237 but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are supported.
1239 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1240 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1241 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1242 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1243 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1244 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1245 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1246 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1247 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1248 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1249 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1250 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1252 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1254 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1255 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1256 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1258 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1259 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1260 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1261 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1262 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1264 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1265 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1267 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1268 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1269 fontset appropriately.
1271 ** Customize changes:
1273 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1274 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1275 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1276 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1278 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1279 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1280 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1283 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1284 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1285 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1286 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1287 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1288 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1289 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1291 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1292 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1293 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1294 under the "[State]" button.
1298 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1299 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1300 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1301 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1302 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1303 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1305 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1306 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1308 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1309 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1310 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1312 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1313 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1315 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1316 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1318 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1319 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1321 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1323 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1324 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1325 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1328 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1329 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1330 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1331 directory listing into a buffer.
1335 *** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in subshells
1336 running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment variable,
1337 which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs that need
1338 to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check INSIDE_EMACS
1341 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1342 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1343 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1344 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1345 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1347 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1348 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1350 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1351 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1352 lines, including any prompts.
1354 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1355 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1356 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1357 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1358 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1359 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1360 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1362 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1363 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1364 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1365 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1367 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1368 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1369 but declared obsolete.
1371 ** M-x Compile changes:
1373 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1375 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1376 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1377 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1378 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1380 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1381 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1382 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1384 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1385 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1386 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1387 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1388 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1390 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1392 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1393 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1394 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1395 subprocesses inherit.
1397 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1398 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1400 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1401 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1402 in new face `next-error'.
1404 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1405 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1406 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1407 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1408 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1411 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1412 the compilation buffer.
1414 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1415 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1416 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1417 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1420 ** Occur mode changes:
1422 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1423 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1424 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1425 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1426 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1429 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1430 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1432 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1433 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1438 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1440 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1441 customization group.
1443 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1444 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1446 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1447 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1448 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1449 and the base directory for the search. Case sensitivity of the
1450 search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1452 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1453 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1455 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1457 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1458 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1459 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1461 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1463 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1464 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1466 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1467 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1468 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1469 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1470 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1471 source line is highlighted.
1473 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1474 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1475 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1476 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1477 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1478 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1481 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1482 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1483 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1484 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1485 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1486 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1488 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1489 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1491 ** Cursor display changes:
1493 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
1494 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
1495 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
1498 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
1499 of the recognized cursor types.
1501 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
1502 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
1505 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
1506 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
1508 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
1510 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
1511 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
1513 ** X Windows Support:
1515 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1516 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1517 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1519 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1520 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1521 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1522 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1524 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1525 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1527 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1528 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1530 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1531 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1533 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1534 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1535 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1536 and use the more appropriately result.
1538 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1539 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1540 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1544 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1545 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1547 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1548 When Emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1549 The following should work:
1550 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1551 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8 (and later versions),
1552 they might not work on some older versions of xterm, or on some
1553 proprietary versions.
1554 The various keys generated by xterm when the "modifyOtherKeys"
1555 resource is set are also supported.
1557 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1559 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1560 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1561 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1562 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1563 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1564 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1565 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1566 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1567 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1569 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1570 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1571 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1572 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1573 all of these colors.
1575 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1576 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1577 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1578 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1581 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1585 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
1587 The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
1588 overlap. It depends on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
1590 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
1591 Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
1592 Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
1594 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1596 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1598 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1599 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1600 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1601 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1602 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1603 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1605 The cua-selection-mode enables the CUA keybindings for the region but
1606 does not change the bindings for C-z/C-x/C-c/C-v. It can be used as a
1607 replacement for pc-selection-mode.
1609 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1610 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1611 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1612 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1614 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1615 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1616 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1617 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1618 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1619 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1620 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1622 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1623 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1624 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1626 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1627 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1629 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1630 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1631 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1632 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1634 The features of cua also works with the standard Emacs bindings for
1635 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1636 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1637 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1639 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1640 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1641 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1642 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1644 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1646 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1647 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1648 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1649 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1650 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1651 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1652 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1653 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1654 `rsync' to do the copying).
1656 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1657 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1659 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1661 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1663 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
1666 ** The image-dired.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in
1667 other ways manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as
1668 the main interface. Image-Dired provides functionality to generate
1669 simple image galleries.
1671 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1672 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1674 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
1676 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
1678 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1680 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1681 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1682 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1683 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1684 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1687 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1689 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1690 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1691 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1694 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1695 activating the minor mode, Orgtbl mode.
1697 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1698 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1699 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1701 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1703 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1705 To see what modules are available, type
1706 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1708 To start an IRC session with ERC, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts
1709 for server, port, and nick.
1711 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1713 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1714 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1715 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1716 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1717 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1720 To start an IRC session using the default parameters, type M-x irc.
1721 If you type C-u M-x irc, it prompts you for the server, nick, port and
1722 startup channel parameters before connecting.
1724 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1725 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1727 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1729 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1730 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1731 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1734 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1735 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1737 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1739 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1740 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1741 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1742 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1744 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1745 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1746 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1747 Emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1748 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1749 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1751 ** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1754 Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1755 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1756 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1757 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1759 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1762 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1763 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1764 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1765 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1766 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1769 The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1770 available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1772 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1773 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1775 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1776 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1777 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1778 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1780 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1781 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1782 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1784 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1785 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1786 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1787 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1788 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1790 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1791 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1792 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1793 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1794 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1795 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1797 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1798 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1799 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1800 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1801 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1802 for Emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1803 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1804 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1805 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1808 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1810 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1811 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1812 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1813 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1814 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1815 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1817 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1818 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1819 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1820 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1821 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1822 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1823 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1824 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1825 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1827 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1828 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1829 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1830 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1832 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1833 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1834 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1835 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1836 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1837 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1839 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1840 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1841 program files that include other program files.
1843 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1844 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1847 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1848 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1849 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1850 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1852 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1854 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1855 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1856 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1858 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1859 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1861 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1862 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1864 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1865 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1866 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1869 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
1870 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
1871 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
1873 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
1874 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
1875 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
1876 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
1877 boundaries during scrolling.
1879 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1880 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1882 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
1883 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
1884 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
1885 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
1886 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
1889 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
1891 ** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1892 It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1894 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
1895 configuration files.
1897 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
1898 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
1900 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
1904 *** Bindings for Image-Dired added.
1905 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
1906 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Image-Dired. As a
1907 starting point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d
1908 to display thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
1910 ** Info mode changes
1912 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
1914 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
1915 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
1916 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
1918 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
1920 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
1921 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
1923 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
1925 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
1926 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
1927 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
1928 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
1929 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
1930 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
1933 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
1934 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
1935 search without prompting for a new search string.
1937 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
1938 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
1941 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
1942 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
1943 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
1945 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
1947 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
1948 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
1950 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
1951 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
1952 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
1954 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
1955 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
1957 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
1958 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
1960 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
1962 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
1963 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
1965 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
1967 ** Emacs server changes
1969 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
1971 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
1972 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
1973 % emacsclient -s foo file1
1974 % emacsclient -s bar file2
1976 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
1977 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
1978 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
1980 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
1984 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
1985 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
1986 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
1987 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
1988 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
1992 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
1994 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
1996 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
1998 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
2001 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
2002 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
2005 *** New command line option --no-desktop
2008 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
2009 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
2010 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
2012 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
2013 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
2015 *** New customizable variables:
2016 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
2018 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
2019 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
2020 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
2021 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
2022 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
2024 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
2025 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
2026 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
2027 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
2030 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
2031 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
2035 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2036 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2039 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2040 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2041 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2043 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
2044 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
2045 keep in the recent list.
2047 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
2048 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
2049 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
2050 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
2051 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
2053 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
2054 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
2055 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
2057 ** Auto-Revert changes
2059 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2061 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2062 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2063 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at the end
2064 of the buffer in that window. This allows you to "tail" a file: just
2065 put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This rule
2066 applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can be mode
2069 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2070 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2071 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2074 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2075 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2076 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2077 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2078 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2079 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2080 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2081 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2082 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2084 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2085 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2086 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2087 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2088 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2090 ** Changes in Shell Mode
2092 *** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
2093 bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
2094 is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
2096 ** Changes in Hi Lock
2098 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2099 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2100 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2101 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2102 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2103 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2104 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2105 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2107 ** Changes in Allout
2109 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2110 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2111 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2112 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2113 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2114 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2115 powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2116 allout-encryption customization group.
2118 *** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2119 avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2120 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2122 *** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2123 Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2124 asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2125 or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2126 interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2128 *** Many or most commonly occurring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2129 Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2130 for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2131 offspring) is only one level deeper.
2133 For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2134 topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2135 pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2137 The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2139 This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2140 reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2141 outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2142 prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2144 *** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2145 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2146 other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2147 discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2148 leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2150 *** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2151 end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2152 beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2153 customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2154 `allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2156 *** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2157 cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2160 See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2161 `allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2163 `allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2164 `allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2165 invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2166 `allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2167 the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2168 to use than the old version.
2170 There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2171 coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2172 activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2173 variable is changed, rather than before.
2175 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2176 instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2177 avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2178 handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2180 *** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2182 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2183 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2184 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2185 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2186 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2187 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2188 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2189 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2190 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2191 the functionality in allout addons.
2192 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2193 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2194 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2195 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2196 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2197 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2198 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2199 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2200 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2201 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2202 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2203 - version number incremented to 2.2
2205 ** Hideshow mode changes
2207 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
2208 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
2209 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
2210 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
2212 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
2213 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
2214 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
2218 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
2220 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
2221 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
2222 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
2223 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
2225 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
2227 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
2228 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
2230 ** Changes in Skeleton
2232 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
2234 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
2235 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
2236 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
2237 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
2238 with other details of skeleton construction.
2240 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
2241 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
2242 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
2243 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
2246 ** HTML/SGML changes
2248 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2251 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2252 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2253 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2254 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2255 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2256 from the file name or buffer contents.
2258 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2259 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2262 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2266 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2268 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2270 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2271 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2272 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2273 TeX commands to use at startup.
2275 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2276 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2278 ** RefTeX mode changes
2280 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2282 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2283 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2284 support for multifile documents.
2286 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2287 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2288 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2289 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2290 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2291 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2292 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2295 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2296 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2298 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2301 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2304 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2306 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2307 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2308 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2310 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2311 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2312 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2313 citation selection buffer.
2315 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2316 cursor as a default search string.
2318 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2319 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2321 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2322 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2324 Support for jurabib has been added.
2326 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function.
2328 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2329 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2331 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2333 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2334 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2335 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2336 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2337 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2338 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2340 *** Miscellaneous changes
2342 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2343 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2345 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2349 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2350 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2352 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2353 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2356 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2358 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2359 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2360 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2361 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2362 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2363 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2365 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2366 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2368 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2369 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2371 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2372 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2374 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2375 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2376 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2378 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2379 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2381 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2382 in multiple BibTeX files.
2384 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2385 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2387 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2388 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2390 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2391 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2393 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2394 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2395 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2397 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2398 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2399 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2400 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2401 still available as aliases.
2405 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2406 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2407 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2408 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2409 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2410 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2413 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2416 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2417 and other common debugger commands.
2419 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2420 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2422 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2423 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2426 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2427 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2430 *** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2432 **** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2433 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2434 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2435 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2436 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2438 **** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2439 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2440 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2442 **** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2443 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2444 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2447 **** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2450 *** Added jdb Customization Variables
2452 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2454 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2455 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2456 java sources (previous method).
2458 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2459 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2462 *** Minor Improvements
2464 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2465 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2466 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2467 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2470 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2472 ** Lisp mode changes
2474 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2476 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2478 *** New features in evaluation commands
2480 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2481 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2483 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2484 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2485 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2486 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2487 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2489 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2491 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2492 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2494 *** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
2495 is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
2496 to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2498 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2499 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2500 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2501 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2502 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2506 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
2508 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
2509 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
2510 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
2511 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
2512 anything for those nodes.
2514 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
2517 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
2518 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
2521 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
2522 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
2526 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2527 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2528 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2531 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2532 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2533 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2534 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2535 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2538 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2539 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2540 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2542 *** Support for the AWK language.
2543 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2544 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2545 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2548 **** Indentation Engine
2549 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2551 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2552 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2553 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2554 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2555 definition, or structured statement.
2557 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2558 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2559 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2562 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2563 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2564 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2565 the AWK language itself.
2567 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2568 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2569 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2570 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2571 extended definition.
2573 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2574 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2575 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2576 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2578 *** Font lock support.
2579 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2580 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2581 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2582 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2583 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2584 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2586 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2587 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2588 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2589 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2590 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2591 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2592 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2593 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2594 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2596 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2597 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2598 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2599 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2602 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2603 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2604 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2605 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2606 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2607 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2609 **** Support for documentation comments.
2610 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2611 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2612 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2613 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2615 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2616 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2617 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2618 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2619 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2621 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2622 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2623 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2624 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2627 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2628 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2629 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2630 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2631 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2633 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2634 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2635 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2636 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2637 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2639 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2640 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2642 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2643 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2645 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2646 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2648 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2649 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2650 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2651 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2652 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2654 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2656 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2658 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2661 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2662 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2663 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2664 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2665 composition-close, and incomposition.
2667 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2668 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2669 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2670 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2671 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2673 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2675 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2676 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2677 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2678 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2680 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2681 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2683 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2685 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2686 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2687 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2688 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2690 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2694 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2696 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2699 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2700 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2701 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2702 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2705 *** API changes for derived modes.
2707 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2708 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2709 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2710 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2711 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2713 **** New language variable system.
2714 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2715 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2717 **** New initialization functions.
2718 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2719 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2720 `c-init-language-vars'.
2722 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2723 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2724 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2725 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2727 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2728 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2729 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2730 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2731 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2733 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2734 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2735 its substatement. E.g:
2741 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2743 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2744 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2745 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2746 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2747 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2750 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2752 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2753 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2754 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2755 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2756 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2757 empty lines within the macro better.
2759 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2760 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2761 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2763 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2764 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2765 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2766 backslashes can be moved.
2768 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2769 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2770 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2771 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2773 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2774 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2775 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2776 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2777 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2778 backslash) in the macro.
2780 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2781 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2782 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2783 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2784 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2785 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2787 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2788 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2792 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2793 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2794 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2796 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2797 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2798 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2800 *** New lineup functions
2802 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2803 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2806 result = prefix + "A message "
2807 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2809 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2810 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2812 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2813 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2814 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2816 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2817 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2819 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2820 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2822 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2823 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2824 syntactic indentation.
2826 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2827 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2828 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2829 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2830 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2831 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2833 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2834 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2835 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2836 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2839 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2840 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2841 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2842 happen when macros are involved.
2844 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2845 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2846 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2847 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2848 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2849 line is left untouched.
2851 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2853 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2855 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2856 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2859 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2860 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2865 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
2866 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
2867 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
2868 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
2869 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
2871 The following values are supported:
2873 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
2887 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
2890 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
2891 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
2892 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
2894 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
2896 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
2897 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
2898 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
2899 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
2901 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
2902 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
2904 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
2906 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
2907 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
2909 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
2911 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
2912 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
2913 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
2914 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
2917 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
2918 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
2919 credentials to authenticate the user.
2921 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
2922 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
2923 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
2925 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
2926 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
2928 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
2929 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
2932 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
2933 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
2936 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
2938 ** Fortran mode changes
2940 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2941 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2944 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2945 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2946 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2947 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2949 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2950 highlighting for the old default.
2952 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2953 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2954 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2956 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2957 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2959 ** Miscellaneous programming mode changes
2961 *** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2962 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2964 *** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2966 *** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2967 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2968 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2969 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2971 *** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2972 to support use of font-lock.
2976 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
2978 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
2979 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
2981 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
2982 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
2983 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
2985 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
2986 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
2988 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
2989 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
2990 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
2993 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
2995 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
2997 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
2999 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
3000 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
3001 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
3003 P: annotates the previous revision
3004 N: annotates the next revision
3005 J: annotates the revision at line
3006 A: annotates the revision previous to line
3007 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
3008 L: shows the log of the revision at line
3009 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
3013 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
3014 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
3017 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3018 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3019 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3024 *** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
3026 *** Diff mode key bindings changed.
3028 These are the new bindings:
3030 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
3031 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
3032 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
3033 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
3034 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
3036 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
3037 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
3038 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
3042 *** When comparing directories.
3043 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3044 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3045 from one directory to another.
3047 *** When comparing files or buffers.
3048 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3049 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3050 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3053 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3054 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3055 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3059 *** New regular expressions features
3061 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3063 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3064 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3065 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3066 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3067 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3068 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3069 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3070 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3071 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3072 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3074 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3076 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3077 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3080 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3082 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3083 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3084 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3086 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3088 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3089 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3091 *** New language parsing features
3093 **** New language HTML.
3095 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3096 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3098 **** New language PHP.
3100 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3101 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3103 **** New language Lua.
3105 All functions are tagged.
3107 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3109 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3111 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3113 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3115 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3117 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3118 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3120 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3122 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3123 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3126 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3128 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3130 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3133 *** Honor #line directives.
3135 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3136 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3137 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3138 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3139 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3141 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3143 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3144 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3145 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3150 *** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
3154 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3156 This version of `movemail' allows you to read mail from a wide range of
3157 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3158 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3159 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3160 used instead of the native one.
3162 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3163 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3164 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3166 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3170 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3172 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3175 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3177 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3181 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3182 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3184 ** Miscellaneous mail changes
3186 *** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3187 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3188 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3190 *** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3192 See the documentation of the user option `display-time-mail-directory'.
3196 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3197 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3199 *** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3202 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3203 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3204 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3205 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3208 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3209 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3210 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3211 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3213 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3214 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3215 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3217 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3218 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3219 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3220 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3221 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3222 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3223 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3224 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3225 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3227 *** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
3228 < means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
3230 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3231 the calendar left or right.
3233 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3234 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3235 count backward from the end of the year.
3237 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3238 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3239 day of that ISO week.
3241 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3242 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3243 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3244 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3246 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3247 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3251 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3252 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3254 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3255 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3257 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3259 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3260 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3261 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3264 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3265 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3267 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3268 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3269 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3270 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3273 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3274 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3275 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3276 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3277 that number to `other-frame'.
3279 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3282 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3283 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3284 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3285 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3286 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3287 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3288 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3289 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3290 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3292 ** battery.el changes
3294 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3296 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3300 *** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3302 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3303 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3304 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3306 ** Obsolete and deleted packages
3308 *** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3310 *** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3312 *** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3314 *** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3318 *** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' is renamed
3319 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
3320 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
3321 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
3322 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
3324 *** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
3325 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
3326 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
3328 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
3329 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
3330 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
3332 *** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
3333 with special modes such as Tar mode.
3335 *** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
3337 *** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3339 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3340 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3341 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3342 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3343 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3346 *** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
3347 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
3348 incompatible change.
3350 *** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3351 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3352 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3353 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3355 *** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3357 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3358 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3359 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3361 *** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3362 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3363 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3364 using strokes as an input method.
3366 *** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
3367 of the file that precede the first header line.
3369 *** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3370 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3371 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3373 *** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
3374 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
3377 *** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
3378 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
3381 *** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3383 *** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3385 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3386 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3387 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3389 *** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3390 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3392 *** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
3394 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
3395 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
3397 *** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
3398 resync points in both windows.
3400 *** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
3401 when Emacs visits them.
3403 *** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
3405 *** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3407 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3408 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3409 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3410 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3412 *** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3414 *** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
3415 run most curses applications now.
3417 *** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3419 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3420 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3424 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3426 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3428 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3429 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3430 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3431 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3432 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3433 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3434 where USERNAME is your user name.
3436 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3437 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3438 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3440 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3442 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3443 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3444 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3445 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3446 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3447 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3449 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3451 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3452 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3453 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3454 sound support for those formats.
3456 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3458 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3460 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3462 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3463 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3464 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3466 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3468 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3469 existing values. For example:
3471 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3473 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3474 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3476 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3478 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3479 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3480 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3481 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3482 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3483 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3484 you wish to use them in other faces.
3486 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3488 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3489 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3490 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3491 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3492 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3493 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3494 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3495 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3496 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3497 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3499 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3501 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3503 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3505 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the
3506 cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3507 When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible
3508 instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by
3509 some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows
3510 the caret visibility to be manually toggled.
3512 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3514 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3515 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3516 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3517 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3520 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3522 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3523 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3524 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3526 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3527 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3529 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3531 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3532 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3533 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3535 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3537 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3539 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3540 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3541 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3543 ** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3544 user just types RET.
3546 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3547 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3549 ** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3550 be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3552 ** The explicit method of creating a display table element by
3553 combining a face number and a character code into a numeric
3554 glyph code is deprecated.
3556 Instead, the new functions `make-glyph-code', `glyph-char', and
3557 `glyph-face' must be used to create and decode glyph codes in
3560 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3561 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3562 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3565 ** The third argument of `accept-process-output' is now milliseconds.
3566 It used to be microseconds.
3568 ** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3569 (FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3570 OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3571 `file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3573 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3574 input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3575 handle these events.
3577 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3578 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3580 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3583 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3585 ** General Lisp changes:
3587 *** New syntax: \s now stands for the SPACE character.
3589 `?\s' is a new way to write the space character. You must make sure
3590 it is not followed by a dash, since `?\s-...' indicates the "super"
3591 modifier. However, it would be strange to write a character constant
3592 and a following symbol (beginning with `-') with no space between
3595 `\s' stands for space in strings, too, but it is not really meant for
3596 strings; it is easier and nicer just to write a space.
3598 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
3600 For instance, you can use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of
3601 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA, or `"U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting
3602 of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA (the latter is greater than
3603 #xFFFF and thus needs the longer syntax).
3605 This syntax works for both character constants and strings.
3607 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3609 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3610 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3611 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3613 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3615 *** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3616 that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3618 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3620 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil if OBJECT is a string or nil.
3621 `booleanp' returns non-nil if OBJECT is t or nil.
3623 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3625 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3627 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3630 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3632 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3633 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3634 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3636 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3637 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3639 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3641 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3644 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3645 the new element from the history list it updates.
3647 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3649 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3651 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3653 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3654 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3657 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3659 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3660 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3662 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3664 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3667 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3669 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3670 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3672 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3674 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3675 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3676 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3679 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3681 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3683 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3684 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3685 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3687 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3689 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3690 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3691 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3693 *** New macro `with-case-table'
3695 This executes the body with the case table temporarily set to a given
3698 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3700 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3701 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3702 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3704 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3705 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3707 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3709 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3711 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3712 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3713 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3715 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3717 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3719 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3720 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3721 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3723 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3725 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3726 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3727 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3728 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3730 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3732 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3733 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3734 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3736 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3737 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3739 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3741 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3743 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
3745 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
3746 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
3748 *** `debug-on-entry' accepts primitive functions that are not special forms.
3750 ** Lisp code indentation features:
3752 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3754 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3755 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3757 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3759 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3760 possible declaration specifiers are:
3763 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3766 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3767 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3768 but this is cleaner.)
3770 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3772 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3774 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3776 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3777 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3778 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
3781 ** Variable aliases:
3783 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
3785 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
3786 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
3787 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
3788 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
3790 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
3791 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
3793 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
3794 `make-obsolete-variable'.
3796 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
3798 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
3799 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
3800 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
3802 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
3803 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
3805 ** defcustom changes:
3807 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
3808 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
3809 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
3810 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
3812 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
3816 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
3818 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
3820 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
3821 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
3823 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
3824 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
3825 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
3826 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
3827 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
3829 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
3830 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
3831 been declared obsolete.
3833 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
3836 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
3838 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
3839 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
3840 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
3841 warnings in a separate window.
3843 ** Progress reporters.
3845 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
3846 progress messages for the user.
3848 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
3849 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
3850 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
3852 ** Buffer positions:
3854 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
3855 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
3856 the usable window height and width is used.
3858 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
3859 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
3860 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
3861 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
3862 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
3864 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
3868 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
3872 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
3874 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
3875 give up and return LIMIT.
3877 *** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
3878 information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
3879 window's display is up-to-date.
3881 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
3883 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
3885 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
3886 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
3889 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
3890 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
3891 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
3893 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
3895 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
3898 ** Text modification:
3900 *** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
3901 tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
3902 is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
3903 tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
3906 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
3907 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
3908 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
3910 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
3911 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
3912 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
3914 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
3915 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
3918 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
3919 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
3920 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
3921 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
3922 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
3924 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
3925 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
3926 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
3929 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
3932 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
3933 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
3934 be inserted is translated through it.
3938 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
3939 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
3942 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
3946 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
3947 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
3948 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
3950 ** Atomic change groups.
3952 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
3953 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
3954 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
3956 (atomic-change-group
3958 (delete-region x y))
3960 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
3961 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
3962 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
3963 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
3965 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
3966 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
3968 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
3969 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
3970 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
3971 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
3973 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
3974 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
3977 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
3978 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
3979 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
3980 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
3982 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
3983 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
3984 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
3985 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
3986 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
3987 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
3990 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
3991 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
3992 returned values, like this:
3994 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
3995 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
3997 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
3998 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
3999 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
4001 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
4002 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
4003 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
4004 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
4007 ** Buffer-related changes:
4009 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
4010 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
4011 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
4012 value of VARIABLE instead.
4014 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4016 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4018 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4020 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4021 various status records in parallel.
4023 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4024 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4025 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4026 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4027 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4028 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4031 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4032 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4033 vector into the variable and returns t.
4035 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4036 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4039 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4040 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4041 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4042 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4044 ** Searching and matching changes:
4046 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4047 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4048 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4050 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4051 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4052 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4053 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4055 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4056 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4058 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4060 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4061 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4062 specified by the syntax table.
4064 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4065 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4066 characters and ranges.
4068 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4069 properties from surrounding text.
4071 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4072 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4073 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4075 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4076 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4077 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4079 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-start' and `symbol-end' elements.
4081 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4082 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4083 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4085 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4086 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4087 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4088 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4089 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4093 *** `buffer-undo-list' allows programmable elements.
4095 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4096 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4097 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4099 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4100 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4101 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4103 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4104 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4105 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4107 ** Killing and yanking changes:
4109 *** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4110 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4112 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4113 elements with the following format:
4114 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4116 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4117 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4118 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4119 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4121 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4122 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4123 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4124 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4125 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4127 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4128 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4129 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4130 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4131 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4132 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4133 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4134 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4136 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4137 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4140 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4141 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4142 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4143 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4144 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4146 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4147 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4148 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4149 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4151 ** Syntax table changes:
4153 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4154 current syntactic context at point.
4156 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4157 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4158 of text properties as well as the character code.
4160 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4163 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4165 ** File operation changes:
4167 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4168 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4170 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4171 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4172 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4173 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4174 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4175 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4176 further filter candidate files.
4178 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4179 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4180 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4182 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4183 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4184 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4185 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4187 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4188 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4189 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4190 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4192 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4193 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4194 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4195 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4197 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4198 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4199 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4201 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4202 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4205 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4206 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4208 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4209 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4211 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4213 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4214 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4215 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4216 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4217 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4219 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4221 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4222 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4223 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4226 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4227 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4229 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4230 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4232 *** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4233 PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4235 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4236 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4241 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4242 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4243 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4245 *** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4246 have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4247 maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4248 this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4250 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4251 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4252 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4254 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4255 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4256 it returns just the directory name.
4258 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4259 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4260 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4261 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4262 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4264 *** `recent-keys' now returns the last 300 keys.
4266 ** Minibuffer changes:
4268 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4269 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4270 defaults to the current buffer.
4272 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4273 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4275 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4276 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4277 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4278 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4279 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4281 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4282 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4284 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4285 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4286 `read-file-name' function.
4288 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4290 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4291 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4293 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4294 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4295 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4296 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4298 ** Completion changes:
4300 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4301 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4304 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4305 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4306 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4307 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4308 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4310 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4311 as a dynamic completion table.
4313 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4315 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4316 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4317 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4318 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4319 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4320 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4322 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4323 as a lazy completion table.
4325 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4327 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4328 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4329 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4330 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4331 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4332 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4336 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4338 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4339 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4340 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4343 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4345 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4347 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4349 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4351 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4352 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4355 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4357 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4359 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4361 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4362 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4363 binding and lookup functionality.
4365 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4366 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4370 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4371 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4372 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4373 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4376 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4377 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4378 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4380 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4381 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4383 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4384 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4386 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4387 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4388 runs `my-kill-line'.
4390 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4392 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4393 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4394 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4395 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4397 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4398 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4400 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4401 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4403 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4404 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4405 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4406 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4407 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4408 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4410 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4411 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4412 command was not remapped.
4414 *** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4415 key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4417 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4419 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4420 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4421 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4422 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4423 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4426 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4429 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4430 defined keys and their definitions.
4432 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4434 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4435 over minor mode keymaps.
4437 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4438 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4439 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4441 *** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4442 keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4443 sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4444 position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4445 possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4447 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4449 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4452 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4454 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4455 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4456 keymap alist to this list.
4458 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4460 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4461 bindings of the parent keymap.
4463 ** Enhancements to process support
4465 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4467 On some systems, when Emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4468 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4469 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4470 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4471 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4472 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4473 Emacs tries to read it.
4475 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4476 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4478 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4479 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4480 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4481 entire property list of a process.
4483 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4484 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4486 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4488 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4489 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4492 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4494 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4496 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4497 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4498 `default-directory'.
4500 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4501 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4503 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4504 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4505 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4506 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4507 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4510 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4511 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4513 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4514 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4515 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4517 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4518 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4520 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4521 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4523 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4524 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4525 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4526 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4527 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4529 ** Enhanced networking support.
4531 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4532 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4533 create a stream or datagram server inside Emacs.
4535 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4536 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4537 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4538 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4539 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4540 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4541 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4542 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4543 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4544 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4546 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4547 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4548 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4550 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4552 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4554 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4555 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4556 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4558 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
4559 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4561 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4563 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4564 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4565 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4568 *** New function `format-network-address'.
4570 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4571 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4572 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4573 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4574 string for other formatting options.
4576 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
4578 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4579 current network addresses.
4581 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
4583 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4584 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4586 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4588 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4589 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4591 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4593 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4594 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4595 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4596 "connection broken by remote peer".
4598 ** Using window objects:
4600 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4602 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4603 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4604 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4605 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4606 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4608 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4609 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4610 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4613 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4614 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4616 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4618 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4621 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4622 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4624 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4625 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4626 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4628 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4630 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4632 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4633 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4634 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4637 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4639 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4640 and scroll-bar settings.
4642 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4644 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4645 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4648 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4650 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4651 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4652 bitmap of the display line.
4654 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
4655 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
4656 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
4657 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
4658 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
4660 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4661 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4662 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4663 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4664 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4665 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4667 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4668 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4670 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4671 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4673 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4674 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4675 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4676 foreground color of the bitmap.
4678 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
4679 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
4681 ** Other window fringe features:
4683 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
4685 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
4686 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
4687 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
4688 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
4690 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
4691 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
4692 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
4693 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
4694 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
4695 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
4697 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
4698 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
4699 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
4700 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
4702 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
4704 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
4707 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
4708 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
4709 `set-window-fringes'.
4711 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
4712 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
4713 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
4714 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
4716 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
4717 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
4718 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
4719 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
4720 an update of the display margins.
4722 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
4723 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
4725 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
4726 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
4727 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
4728 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
4729 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
4730 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
4731 of the display margins.
4733 ** Redisplay features:
4735 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
4737 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
4739 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
4740 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
4741 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
4743 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
4744 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
4745 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
4746 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
4747 forcing an explicit window update.
4749 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
4750 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
4751 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
4753 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
4754 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
4756 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
4757 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
4759 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
4760 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
4762 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
4763 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
4764 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
4765 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
4766 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
4767 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
4769 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
4771 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
4772 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
4774 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
4775 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
4776 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
4777 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
4778 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
4780 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
4781 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
4782 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
4784 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
4785 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
4788 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
4789 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
4790 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
4792 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
4793 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
4795 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
4796 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
4797 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
4798 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
4799 exactly that many pixels high.
4801 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
4802 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
4803 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
4804 the `line-spacing' variable.
4806 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
4807 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
4809 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
4810 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
4812 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
4814 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
4815 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
4816 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
4818 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
4819 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
4822 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
4823 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
4824 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
4825 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
4827 POS ::= left | center | right
4828 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
4831 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
4832 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
4833 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
4834 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
4835 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
4836 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
4837 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
4840 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
4841 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
4842 corresponding area of the window.
4844 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
4845 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
4846 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
4847 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
4848 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
4849 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
4850 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
4851 the width of the area.
4853 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
4854 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
4856 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
4857 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
4858 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
4860 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
4861 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
4862 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
4863 height) of the specified image.
4865 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
4866 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
4868 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
4869 text property string that may be present at the current window
4870 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
4871 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
4873 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
4874 supported on text terminals.
4876 *** Support for displaying image slices
4878 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
4879 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
4881 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
4882 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
4884 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
4885 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
4887 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
4889 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
4890 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
4891 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
4892 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
4893 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
4894 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
4895 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
4896 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
4898 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
4899 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
4900 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
4901 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
4902 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
4903 for possible pointer shapes.
4905 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
4906 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
4907 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
4909 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
4910 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
4911 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
4912 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
4913 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
4914 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
4915 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
4917 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
4919 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
4920 moved to etc/images.
4922 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
4923 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
4924 external packages to save users from having to update
4927 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
4928 images that Emacs will load and display.
4930 *** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
4931 override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
4932 `display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
4934 ** Mouse pointer features:
4936 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
4937 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
4938 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
4939 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
4940 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
4942 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
4943 :pointer image property.
4945 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
4946 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
4948 ** Mouse event enhancements:
4950 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
4951 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
4952 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
4954 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
4955 or `right-fringe' as the area.
4957 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
4960 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
4962 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
4963 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
4965 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
4966 (image or character) clicked on.
4968 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
4970 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
4972 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
4975 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
4976 of the mouse event position.
4978 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
4980 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
4981 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
4982 the total width and height of that object.
4984 ** Text property and overlay changes:
4986 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
4987 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
4989 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
4991 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
4992 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
4993 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
4994 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
4996 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
4997 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
4998 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
4999 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
5000 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
5002 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
5004 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
5005 property names as argument rather than a property list.
5009 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
5010 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
5011 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
5012 the faces to include in the face menu.
5014 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5015 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5016 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5017 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5018 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5019 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5021 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5022 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5024 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5025 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5026 defined with `defface'.
5028 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5029 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5030 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5031 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5032 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5034 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5035 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5036 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5039 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5040 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5041 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5043 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5045 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5046 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5049 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5050 help with handling relative face attributes.
5052 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5054 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5055 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5056 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5057 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5060 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5061 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5062 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5063 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5064 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5066 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5067 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5068 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5069 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5070 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5072 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5073 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5075 ** Font-Lock changes:
5077 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5079 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5080 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5081 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5082 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5084 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5086 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5087 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5088 properties than `face'.
5090 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5091 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5093 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5095 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5096 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5097 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5098 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5099 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5107 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5108 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5109 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5110 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5112 *** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5113 the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5114 up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5115 of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5117 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5119 *** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5120 looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
5122 *** New variable `magic-fallback-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5123 looking at the file contents. It is handled after `auto-mode-alist',
5124 only if `auto-mode-alist' (and `magic-mode-alist') says nothing about the file.
5126 *** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5127 or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5129 *** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
5130 file name when setting the major mode.
5132 *** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
5133 Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
5134 `auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails. This
5135 means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file
5136 PROG.HTML is opened in html-mode. Note however, that independent of
5137 this setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files. It also
5138 has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
5140 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5141 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5142 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5144 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5145 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5148 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5150 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5151 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5152 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5154 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5155 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5157 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5158 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5161 ** Minor mode changes:
5163 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5164 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5166 *** `define-globalized-minor-mode'.
5168 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5169 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5171 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5173 ** Command loop changes:
5175 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5176 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5177 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5179 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5180 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5182 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5184 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5185 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5188 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5189 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5190 covered by an image or composition property.
5192 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5193 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5194 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5195 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5196 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5198 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5199 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5200 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5201 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5202 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5204 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5205 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5206 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5208 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5209 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5211 *** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5213 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5215 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5216 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5217 current file redefined it).
5219 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5220 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5222 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5223 variable or face definitions.
5225 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5226 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5227 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5229 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5230 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5231 than 3 levels of nesting.
5233 ** Byte compiler changes:
5235 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5236 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5237 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5238 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5239 compilation output buffer.
5241 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5242 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5244 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5245 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5246 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5247 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5250 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5251 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5253 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5254 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5255 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5256 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5257 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5258 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5260 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5261 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5262 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5263 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5264 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5267 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5269 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5270 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5271 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5273 ** Frame operations:
5275 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5277 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5278 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5280 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5281 for all (existing and future) frames.
5283 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5284 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5285 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5286 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5288 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5289 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5291 ** Mode line changes:
5293 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5295 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5296 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5298 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5299 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5301 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5302 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5305 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5307 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5309 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5310 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5311 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5312 several versions ago.
5314 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5315 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5316 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5318 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5319 made with easy-menu.
5321 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5322 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5323 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5324 need to have a name.
5328 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5330 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5331 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5332 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5335 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5337 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5338 the time it takes to convert the format.
5340 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5343 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5344 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5345 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5346 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5348 *** The new variable `ascii-case-table' stores the case table for the
5349 ascii character set. Language environments (such as Turkish) may
5350 alter the case correspondences of ASCII characters. This variable
5351 saves the original ASCII case table before any such changes.
5353 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5354 of one coding system from another coding system.
5356 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5357 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5360 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5361 it is read from a file without decoding.
5363 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5364 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5366 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5367 current input method to input a character.
5369 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5370 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5372 ** Operating system access:
5374 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5375 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5377 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5378 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5379 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5381 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5383 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5384 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5385 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5387 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5388 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5392 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5393 as the heap size increases.
5395 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5396 on garbage collection.
5398 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5400 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5404 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5406 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5407 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5408 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5409 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5410 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5411 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5412 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5414 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5416 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5418 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5420 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5423 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5425 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5426 buttons' in Emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5427 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5428 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5429 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5431 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5432 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5433 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5435 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5436 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5439 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5440 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5442 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5443 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5444 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5447 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5448 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5451 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5452 (function (lambda ()
5454 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5455 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5456 (function (lambda ()
5457 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5459 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5461 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5463 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5465 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5466 code. It works with edebug.
5468 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5469 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5470 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5471 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5472 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5474 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5475 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5476 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5477 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5478 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5479 value, such as (setq x 14).
5481 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5482 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5483 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5484 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5485 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5486 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5490 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
5491 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
5493 GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5494 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
5495 the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
5498 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
5499 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
5500 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
5501 GNU General Public License for more details.
5503 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
5504 along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
5505 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
5506 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
5511 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
5514 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793