1 Building and Installing Emacs
2 on Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/ME
4 Copyright (c) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 See the end of the file for copying permissions.
7 If you used WinZip to unpack the distribution, we suggest to
8 remove the files and unpack again with a different program!
9 WinZip is known to create some subtle and hard to debug problems,
10 such as converting files to DOS CR-LF format, not creating empty
11 directories, etc. We suggest to use djtarnt.exe from the GNU FTP
14 To compile Emacs, you will need either Microsoft Visual C++ 2.0 or
15 later and nmake, or a Windows port of GCC 2.95 or later with Mingw
16 and W32 API support and a port of GNU make. You can use the Cygwin
17 ports of GCC, but Emacs requires the Mingw headers and libraries to
18 build (latest versions of the Cygwin toolkit, at least since v1.3.3,
19 include the MinGW headers and libraries as an integral part).
21 If you build Emacs on Windows 9X or ME, not on Windows 2000 or
22 Windows NT, we suggest to install the Cygwin port of Bash.
24 Please see http://www.mingw.org for pointers to GCC/Mingw binaries.
26 For reference, here is a list of which builds of GNU make are known
27 to work or not, and whether they work in the presence and/or absence
28 of sh.exe, the Cygwin port of Bash. Note that any version of make
29 that is compiled with Cygwin will only work with Cygwin tools, due to
30 the use of cygwin style paths. This means Cygwin make is unsuitable
31 for building parts of Emacs that need to invoke Emacs itself (leim and
32 "make bootstrap", for example). Also see the Trouble-shooting section
33 below if you decide to go ahead and use Cygwin make.
35 In addition, using 4NT as your shell is known to fail the build process,
36 at least for 4NT version 3.01. Use cmd.exe, the default NT shell,
41 cygwin b20.1 make (3.75): fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5]
42 MSVC compiled gmake 3.77: okay okay
43 MSVC compiled gmake 3.78.1: okay okay
44 MSVC compiled gmake 3.79.1: okay okay
45 mingw32/gcc-2.92.2 make (3.77): okay okay[4]
46 cygwin compiled gmake 3.77: fails[1, 5] fails[2, 5]
47 cygwin compiled make 3.78.1: fails[5] fails[2, 5]
48 cygwin compiled make 3.79.1: fails[3, 5] fails[2?, 5]
49 mingw32 compiled make 3.79.1: okay okay
53 [1] doesn't cope with makefiles with DOS line endings, so must mount
54 emacs source with text!=binary.
55 [2] fails when needs to invoke shell commands; okay invoking gcc etc.
56 [3] requires LC_MESSAGES support to build; cannot build with early
58 [4] may fail on Windows 9X and Windows ME; if so, install Bash.
59 [5] fails when building leim due to the use of cygwin style paths.
60 May work if building emacs without leim.
64 Configuration of Emacs is now handled by running configure.bat in the
65 nt subdirectory. It will detect which compiler you have available,
66 and generate makefiles accordingly. You can override the compiler
67 detection, and control optimization and debug settings, by specifying
68 options on the command line when invoking configure.
70 To configure Emacs to build with GCC or MSVC, whichever is available,
71 simply change to the nt subdirectory and run `configure' with no
72 options. To see what options are available, run `configure --help'.
74 N.B. It is normal to see a few error messages output while configure
75 is running, when gcc support is being tested. These cannot be
76 surpressed because of limitations in the Windows 9x command.com shell.
80 After running configure, simply run the appropriate `make' program for
81 your compiler to build Emacs. For MSVC, this is nmake; for GCC, it is
84 As the files are compiled, you will see some warning messages
85 declaring that some functions don't return a value, or that some data
86 conversions will be lossy, etc. You can safely ignore these messages.
87 The warnings may be fixed in the main FSF source at some point, but
88 until then we will just live with them.
92 To install Emacs after it has compiled, simply run `nmake install'
93 or `make install', depending on which version of the Make utility
96 By default, Emacs will be installed in the location where it was
97 built, but a different location can be specified either using the
98 --prefix option to configure, or by setting INSTALL_DIR when running
101 make install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs
103 (for `nmake', type "nmake install INSTALL_DIR=D:/emacs" instead).
105 The install process will run addpm to setup the registry entries, and
106 to create a Start menu icon for Emacs.
110 The main problems that are likely to be encountered when building
111 Emacs stem from using an old version of GCC, or old Mingw or W32 API
112 headers. Additionally, cygwin ports of GNU make may require the Emacs
113 source tree to be mounted with text!=binary, because the makefiles
114 generated by configure.bat necessarily use DOS line endings. Also,
115 cygwin ports of make must run in UNIX mode, either by specifying
116 --unix on the command line, or MAKE_MODE=UNIX in the environment.
118 When configure runs, it attempts to detect when GCC itself, or the
119 headers it is using, are not suitable for building Emacs. GCC version
120 2.95 or later is needed, because that is when the Windows port gained
121 sufficient support for anonymous structs and unions to cope with some
122 definitions from winnt.h that are used by addsection.c. The W32 API
123 headers that come with Cygwin b20.1 are incomplete, and do not include
124 some definitions required by addsection.c, for instance. Also, older
125 releases of the W32 API headers from Anders Norlander contain a typo
126 in the definition of IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION in winnt.h, which
127 addsection.c relies on. Versions of w32api-xxx.zip from at least
128 1999-11-18 onwards are okay.
130 If configure succeeds, but make fails, install the Cygwin port of
131 Bash, even if the table above indicates that Emacs should be able to
132 build without sh.exe. (Some versions of Windows shells are too dumb
133 for Makefile's used by Emacs.)
135 If you are using certain Cygwin builds of GCC, such as Cygwin version
136 1.1.8, you may need to specify some extra compiler flags like so:
138 configure --with-gcc --cflags -mwin32 --cflags -D__MSVCRT__
141 However, the latest Cygwin versions, such as 1.3.3, don't need those
142 switches; you can simply use "configure --with-gcc".
144 We will attempt to auto-detect the need for these flags in a future
149 You should be able to debug Emacs using the debugger that is
150 appropriate for the compiler you used, namely DevStudio or Windbg if
151 compiled with MSVC, or gdb if compiled with gcc.
153 Emacs functions implemented in C use a naming convention that reflects
154 their names in lisp. The names of the C routines are the lisp names
155 prefixed with 'F', and with dashes converted to underscores. For
156 example, the function call-process is implemented in C by
157 Fcall_process. Similarly, lisp variables are prefixed with 'V', again
158 with dashes converted to underscores. These conventions enable you to
159 easily set breakpoints or examine familiar lisp variables by name.
161 Since Emacs data is often in the form of a lisp object, and the
162 Lisp_Object type is difficult to examine manually in the MSVC
163 debugger, Emacs provides a helper routine called debug_print that
164 prints out a readable representation of a Lisp_Object. (If you are
165 using gdb, there is a .gdbinit file in the src directory which
166 provides definitions that are useful for examining lisp objects. The
167 following tips are mainly of interest when using MSVC.) The output
168 from debug_print is sent to stderr, and to the debugger via the
169 OutputDebugString routine. The output sent to stderr should be
170 displayed in the console window that was opened when the emacs.exe
171 executable was started. The output sent to the debugger should be
172 displayed in its "Debug" output window.
174 When you are in the process of debugging Emacs and you would like to
175 examine the contents of a Lisp_Object variable, popup the QuickWatch
176 window (QuickWatch has an eyeglass symbol on its button in the
177 toolbar). In the text field at the top of the window, enter
178 debug_print(<variable>) and hit return. For example, start and run
179 Emacs in the debugger until it is waiting for user input. Then click
180 on the Break button in the debugger to halt execution. Emacs should
181 halt in ZwUserGetMessage waiting for an input event. Use the Call
182 Stack window to select the procedure w32_msp_pump up the call stack
183 (see below for why you have to do this). Open the QuickWatch window
184 and enter debug_print(Vexec_path). Evaluating this expression will
185 then print out the contents of the lisp variable exec-path.
187 If QuickWatch reports that the symbol is unknown, then check the call
188 stack in the Call Stack window. If the selected frame in the call
189 stack is not an Emacs procedure, then the debugger won't recognize
190 Emacs symbols. Instead, select a frame that is inside an Emacs
191 procedure and try using debug_print again.
193 If QuickWatch invokes debug_print but nothing happens, then check the
194 thread that is selected in the debugger. If the selected thread is
195 not the last thread to run (the "current" thread), then it cannot be
196 used to execute debug_print. Use the Debug menu to select the current
197 thread and try using debug_print again. Note that the debugger halts
198 execution (e.g., due to a breakpoint) in the context of the current
199 thread, so this should only be a problem if you've explicitly switched
204 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
205 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
206 copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
207 and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
208 for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
210 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
211 of this document, or of portions of it,
212 under the above conditions, provided also that they
213 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them,
214 and that any new or changed statements about the activities
215 of the Free Software Foundation are approved by the Foundation.