1 .TH EMACS 1 "1995 December 7"
4 emacs \- GNU project Emacs
8 .I command-line switches
17 written by the author of the original (PDP-10)
21 The primary documentation of GNU Emacs is in the GNU Emacs Manual,
22 which you can read on line using Info, a subsystem of Emacs. Please
23 look there for complete and up-to-date documentation. This man page
24 is updated only when someone volunteers to do so; the Emacs
25 maintainers' priority goal is to minimize the amount of time this man
26 page takes away from other more useful projects.
28 The user functionality of GNU Emacs encompasses
31 editors do, and it is easily extensible since its
32 editing commands are written in Lisp.
35 has an extensive interactive help facility,
36 but the facility assumes that you know how to manipulate
40 or CTRL-h) enters the Help facility. Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t)
41 requests an interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the fundamentals
45 Help Apropos (CTRL-h a) helps you
46 find a command given its functionality, Help Character (CTRL-h c)
47 describes a given character's effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f)
48 describes a given Lisp function specified by name.
51 Undo can undo several steps of modification to your buffers, so it is
52 easy to recover from editing mistakes.
55 many special packages handle mail reading (RMail) and sending (Mail),
56 outline editing (Outline), compiling (Compile), running subshells
59 windows (Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop
60 (Lisp-Interaction-Mode), and automated psychotherapy (Doctor).
62 There is an extensive reference manual, but
63 users of other Emacses
64 should have little trouble adapting even
65 without a copy. Users new to
68 to use basic features fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and
69 using the self-documentation features.
73 The following options are of general interest:
80 Go to the line specified by
82 (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and
86 Do not load an init file.
96 as the terminal instead of using stdin/stdout.
97 This must be the first argument specified in the command line.
99 The following options are lisp-oriented
100 (these options are processed in the order encountered):
103 Execute the lisp function
107 Load the lisp code in the file
110 The following options are useful when running
115 Edit in batch mode. The editor will send messages to stderr. This
116 option must be the first in the argument list. You must use -l and -f
117 options to specify files to execute and functions to call.
123 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
125 .SM Using Emacs with X
128 has been tailored to work well with the X window system.
131 from under X windows, it will create its own X window to
132 display in. You will probably want to start the editor
133 as a background process
134 so that you can continue using your original window.
137 can be started with the following X switches:
140 Specifies the name which should be assigned to the initial
142 window. This controls looking up X resources as well as the window title.
145 Specifies the title for the initial X window.
150 window in reverse video.
153 Use the "kitchen sink" bitmap icon when iconifying the
157 .BI \-font " font, " \-fn " font"
160 window's font to that specified by
162 You will find the various
165 .I /usr/lib/X11/fonts
169 will only accept fixed width fonts.
170 Under the X11 Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the
171 value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font name is a fixed
172 width font. Furthermore, fonts whose name are of the form
174 are generally fixed width, as is the font
178 for more information.
180 When you specify a font, be sure to put a space between the
181 switch and the font name.
186 window's border width to the number of pixels specified by
188 Defaults to one pixel on each side of the window.
191 Set the window's internal border width to the number of pixels specified
194 Defaults to one pixel of padding on each side of the window.
197 .BI \-geometry " geometry"
200 window's width, height, and position as specified. The geometry
201 specification is in the standard X format; see
203 for more information.
204 The width and height are specified in characters; the default is 80 by
209 On color displays, sets the color of the text.
212 .I /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt
218 sets the color of the window's background.
222 sets the color of the window's border.
226 sets the color of the window's text cursor.
230 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
232 .BI \-d " displayname, " \-display " displayname"
235 window on the display specified by
237 Must be the first option specified in the command line.
242 not to use its special interface to X. If you use this
247 window, display is done in that window.
248 This must be the first option specified in the command line.
252 default values for your
258 Use the following format:
264 specifies the default value of
267 lets you set default values for the following keywords:
269 .B font (\fPclass\fB Font)
270 Sets the window's text font.
272 .B reverseVideo (\fPclass\fB ReverseVideo)
277 the window will be displayed in reverse video.
279 .B bitmapIcon (\fPclass\fB BitmapIcon)
284 the window will iconify into the "kitchen sink."
286 .B borderWidth (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth)
287 Sets the window's border width in pixels.
289 .B internalBorder (\fPclass\fB BorderWidth)
290 Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
292 .B foreground (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
294 sets the window's text color.
296 .B background (\fPclass\fB Background)
298 sets the window's background color.
300 .B borderColor (\fPclass\fB BorderColor)
302 sets the color of the window's border.
304 .B cursorColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
306 sets the color of the window's text cursor.
308 .B pointerColor (\fPclass\fB Foreground)
310 sets the color of the window's mouse cursor.
312 .B geometry (\fPclass\fB Geometry)
313 Sets the geometry of the
315 window (as described above).
317 .B title (\fPclass\fB Title)
318 Sets the title of the
322 .B iconName (\fPclass\fB Title)
323 Sets the icon name for the
327 If you try to set color values while using a black and white display,
328 the window's characteristics will default as follows:
329 the foreground color will be set to black,
330 the background color will be set to white,
331 the border color will be set to grey,
332 and the text and mouse cursors will be set to black.
336 The following lists the mouse button bindings for the
340 .in +\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
341 .ta \w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
342 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
343 MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION
345 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
348 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
351 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
352 right Cut text into X cut buffer.
354 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
355 SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer.
357 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
358 SHIFT-right Paste text.
360 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
361 CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it.
363 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
364 CTRL-right Select this window, then split it into
365 two windows. Same as typing CTRL-x 2.
366 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
368 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
369 CTRL-SHIFT-left X buffer menu--hold the buttons and keys
370 down, wait for menu to appear, select
371 buffer, and release. Move mouse out of
372 menu and release to cancel.
374 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
375 CTRL-SHIFT-middle X help menu--pop up index card menu for
377 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X MENUS
379 .ti -\w'CTRL-SHIFT-middle'u+4n
380 CTRL-SHIFT-right Select window with mouse, and delete all
381 other windows. Same as typing CTRL-x 1.
382 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
385 You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual from the Free
386 Software Foundation, which develops GNU software. See the file ORDERS
387 for ordering information.
389 Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies available. As
390 with all software and publications from FSF, everyone is permitted to
391 make and distribute copies of the Emacs manual. The TeX source to the
392 manual is also included in the Emacs source distribution.
395 /usr/local/info - files for the Info documentation browser
396 (a subsystem of Emacs) to refer to. Currently not much of Unix
397 is documented here, but the complete text of the Emacs reference
398 manual is included in a convenient tree structured form.
400 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/src - C source files and object files
402 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/lisp - Lisp source files and compiled files
403 that define most editing commands. Some are preloaded;
404 others are autoloaded from this directory when used.
406 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc - various programs that are used with
407 GNU Emacs, and some files of information.
409 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* - contains the documentation
410 strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded Lisp functions
411 of GNU Emacs. They are stored here to reduce the size of
414 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/OTHER.EMACSES discusses GNU Emacs
415 vs. other versions of Emacs.
417 /usr/local/share/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people offering
418 various services to assist users of GNU Emacs, including education,
419 troubleshooting, porting and customization.
421 These files also have information useful to anyone wishing to write
422 programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language, which has not yet been fully
425 /usr/local/com/emacs/lock - holds lock files that are made for all
426 files being modified in Emacs, to prevent simultaneous modification
427 of one file by two users.
429 .\" START DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
430 /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt - list of valid X color names.
431 .\" STOP DELETING HERE IF YOU'RE NOT USING X
434 There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu on the internet
435 (ucbvax!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-gnu-emacs on UUCPnet), for reporting Emacs
436 bugs and fixes. But before reporting something as a bug, please try
437 to be sure that it really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a
438 deliberate feature. We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs
439 Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system) for hints
440 on how and when to report bugs. Also, include the version number of
441 the Emacs you are running in \fIevery\fR bug report that you send in.
443 Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. The purpose of reporting
444 bugs is to get them fixed for everyone in the next release, if possible.
445 For personal assistance, look in the SERVICE file (see above) for
446 a list of people who offer it.
448 Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing list.
449 Send requests to be added to mailing lists to the special list
450 info-gnu-emacs-request@prep.ai.mit.edu (or the corresponding UUCP
451 address). For more information about Emacs mailing lists, see the
452 file /usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. Bugs tend actually to be
453 fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report
454 them in such a way that they can be easily reproduced.
456 Bugs that I know about are: shell will not work with programs
457 running in Raw mode on some Unix versions.
461 is free; anyone may redistribute copies of
464 anyone under the terms stated in the
466 General Public License,
467 a copy of which accompanies each copy of
470 appears in the reference manual.
474 may sometimes be received packaged with distributions of Unix systems,
475 but it is never included in the scope of any license covering those
476 systems. Such inclusion violates the terms on which distribution
477 is permitted. In fact, the primary purpose of the General Public
478 License is to prohibit anyone from attaching any other restrictions
482 Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend
485 you contribute your extensions to the GNU library. Eventually GNU
486 (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete replacement for Berkeley
488 Everyone will be free to use, copy, study and change the GNU system.
490 X(1), xlsfonts(1), xterm(1), xrdb(1)
494 was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation.
495 Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X features.