lisp/language/ethio-util.el

   1 ;;; ethio-util.el --- utilities for Ethiopic
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997 Electrotechnical Laboratory, JAPAN.
   4 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
   5
   6 ;; Keywords: mule, multilingual, Ethiopic
   7
   8 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
   9
  10 ;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  11 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
  13 ;; any later version.
  14
  15 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  16 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  17 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  18 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  19
  20 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  21 ;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
  22 ;; Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
  23 ;; Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
  24
  25 ;; Author: TAKAHASHI Naoto <ntakahas@etl.go.jp>
  26
  27 ;;; Code:
  28
  29 ;; Information for exiting Ethiopic environment.
  30 (defvar exit-ethiopic-environment-data nil)
  31
  32 ;;;###autoload
  33 (defun setup-ethiopic-environment-internal ()
  34   (let ((key-bindings '((" " . ethio-insert-space)
  35                         ([?\S- ] . ethio-insert-ethio-space)
  36                         ([?\C-'] . ethio-gemination)
  37                         ([f2] . ethio-toggle-space)
  38                         ([S-f2] . ethio-replace-space) ; as requested
  39                         ([f3] . ethio-toggle-punctuation)
  40                         ([f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer)
  41                         ([S-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-region)
  42                         ([C-f4] . ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker)
  43                         ([f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer)
  44                         ([S-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-region)
  45                         ([C-f5] . ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker)
  46                         ([f6] . ethio-modify-vowel)
  47                         ([f7] . ethio-replace-space)
  48                         ([f8] . ethio-input-special-character)))
  49         kb)
  50     (while key-bindings
  51       (setq kb (car (car key-bindings)))
  52       (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  53             (cons (cons kb (global-key-binding kb))
  54                   exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  55       (global-set-key kb (cdr (car key-bindings)))
  56       (setq key-bindings (cdr key-bindings))))
  57
  58   (add-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  59   (add-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  60   (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  61   (add-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  62
  63 (defun exit-ethiopic-environment ()
  64   "Exit Ethiopic language environment"
  65   (while exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  66     (global-set-key (car (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data))
  67                     (cdr (car exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  68     (setq exit-ethiopic-environment-data
  69           (cdr exit-ethiopic-environment-data)))
  70
  71   (remove-hook 'quail-activate-hook 'ethio-select-a-translation)
  72   (remove-hook 'find-file-hooks 'ethio-find-file)
  73   (remove-hook 'write-file-hooks 'ethio-write-file)
  74   (remove-hook 'after-save-hook 'ethio-find-file))
  75
  76 ;;
  77 ;; ETHIOPIC UTILITY FUNCTIONS
  78 ;;
  79
  80 ;; If the filename ends in ".sera", editing is done in fidel
  81 ;; but file I/O is done in SERA.
  82 ;;
  83 ;; If the filename ends in ".java", editing is done in fidel
  84 ;; but file I/O is done in the \uXXXX style, where XXXX is
  85 ;; the Unicode codepoint for the Ethiopic character.
  86 ;;
  87 ;; If the filename ends in ".tex", editing is done in fidel
  88 ;; but file I/O is done in EthioTeX format.
  89 ;;
  90 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when sending mail,
  91 ;;   (add-hook 'mail-send-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
  92 ;;
  93 ;; To automatically convert SERA format to Ethiopic when receiving mail,
  94 ;;   (add-hook 'rmail-show-message-hook 'ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail)
  95 ;;
  96 ;; To automatically convert Ethiopic text to SERA format when posting news,
  97 ;;   (add-hook 'news-inews-hook 'ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
  98
  99 ;;
 100 ;; users' preference
 101 ;;
 102
 103 (defvar ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna
 104   "*Symbol that defines the primary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 105 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 106
 107 (defvar ethio-secondary-language 'english
 108   "*Symbol that defines the secondary language in SERA --> FIDEL conversion.
 109 The value should be one of: `tigrigna', `amharic' or `english'.")
 110
 111 (defvar ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil
 112   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic colon.
 113 If nil, associate ASCII colon with Ethiopic word separator, i.e., two
 114 vertically stacked dots.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this
 115 variable.")
 116
 117 (defvar ethio-use-three-dot-question nil
 118   "*Non-nil means associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic old style question mark (three vertically stacked dots).
 119 If nil, associate ASCII question mark with Ethiopic stylised question
 120 mark.  All SERA <--> FIDEL converters refer this variable.")
 121
 122 (defvar ethio-quote-vowel-always nil
 123   "*Non-nil means always put an apostrophe before an isolated vowel (except at word initial) in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.
 124 If nil, put an apostrophe only between a sixth-form consonant and an
 125 isolated vowel.")
 126
 127 (defvar ethio-W-sixth-always nil
 128   "*Non-nil means convert the Wu-form of a 12-form consonant to \"W'\" instead of \"Wu\" in FIDEL --> SERA conversion.")
 129
 130 (defvar ethio-numeric-reduction 0
 131   "*Degree of reduction in converting Ethiopic digits into Arabic digits.
 132 Should be 0, 1 or 2.
 133 For example, ({10}{9}{100}{80}{7}) is converted into:
 134     `10`9`100`80`7  if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 0,
 135     `109100807      if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 1,
 136     `10900807       if `ethio-numeric-reduction' is 2.")
 137
 138 (defvar ethio-implicit-period-conversion t
 139   "*Non-nil means replacing the Ethiopic dot at the end of an Ethiopic sentence
 140 with an Ethiopic full stop.")
 141
 142 (defvar ethio-java-save-lowercase nil
 143   "*Non-nil means save Ethiopic characters in lowercase hex numbers to Java files.
 144 If nil, use uppercases.")
 145
 146 ;;
 147 ;; SERA to FIDEL
 148 ;;
 149
 150 (defconst ethio-sera-to-fidel-table
 151   [
 152    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 153    nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 154 ;;; SP
 155    (" "
 156     (?: (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 157         (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 158         (?- " \e$(3$m\e(B")
 159         (?: " \e$(3$i\e(B")
 160         (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon " \e$(3$l\e(B|" " \e$(3$h\e(B|")
 161             (?: " \e$(3$o\e(B"))))
 162
 163 ;;; !   "   #   $   %   &    '
 164    nil nil nil nil nil nil ("" (?' "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
 165 ;;; (   )   *   +    ,      -               .
 166    nil nil nil nil ("\e$(3$j\e(B") ("-" (?: "\e$(3$l\e(B")) ("\e$(3%u\e(B")
 167 ;;;  /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
 168     nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil
 169 ;;; :
 170    ((if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B" "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 171     (32 (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B " "\e$(3$h\e(B"))
 172     (?- "\e$(3$m\e(B")
 173     (?: "\e$(3$i\e(B")
 174     (?| (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\e$(3$l\e(B|" "\e$(3$h\e(B|")
 175         (?: "\e$(3$o\e(B")))
 176 ;;;  ;      <              =    >
 177    ("\e$(3$k\e(B") ("<" (?< "\e$(3%v\e(B")) nil (">" (?> "\e$(3%w\e(B"))
 178 ;;; ?
 179    ((if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3$n\e(B" "\e$(3%x\e(B"))
 180 ;;; @
 181     nil
 182 ;;; A
 183    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 184 ;;; B
 185    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 186          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 187 ;;; C
 188    ("\e$(3$4\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$/\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$0\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$1\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$2\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$3\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$5\e(B")
 189          (?W "\e$(3$6\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$6\e(B")
 190                   (?e "\e$(3$4%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$4%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$4%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$4%q\e(B")))
 191 ;;; D
 192    ("\e$(3#b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#]\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#^\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#_\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#`\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#a\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#c\e(B")
 193          (?W "\e$(3#d\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#d\e(B")
 194                   (?e "\e$(3#b%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#b%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#b%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#b%q\e(B")))
 195 ;;; E
 196    ("\e$(3"g\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#9\e(B"))
 197 ;;; F
 198    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 199          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 200          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 201 ;;; G
 202    ("\e$(3$$\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#}\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$!\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$"\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$#\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$%\e(B")
 203          (?W "\e$(3%c\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%c\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%S\e(B")))
 204 ;;; H
 205    ("\e$(3!6\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!2\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!3\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!4\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!5\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!7\e(B")
 206          (?W "\e$(3!8\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!8\e(B")
 207                   (?e "\e$(3!6%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!6%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!6%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!6%q\e(B")))
 208 ;;; I
 209    ("\e$(3"h\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#:\e(B"))
 210 ;;; J
 211    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 212          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 213                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 214 ;;; K
 215    ("\e$(3#"\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"{\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"|\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"}\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"~\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#!\e(B") (?o "\e$(3##\e(B")
 216          (?W "\e$(3#*\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#%\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#'\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#(\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#)\e(B")))
 217 ;;; L
 218    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 219          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 220                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 221 ;;; M
 222    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 223          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 224          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 225 ;;; N
 226    ("\e$(3"`\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"[\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"\\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"]\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"_\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"a\e(B")
 227          (?W "\e$(3"b\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"b\e(B")
 228                   (?e "\e$(3"`%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"`%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"`%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"`%q\e(B")))
 229 ;;; O
 230    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 231 ;;; P
 232    ("\e$(3$<\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$7\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$8\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$9\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$:\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$;\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$=\e(B")
 233          (?W "\e$(3$>\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$>\e(B")
 234                   (?e "\e$(3$<%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$<%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$<%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$<%q\e(B")))
 235 ;;; Q
 236    ("\e$(3!v\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!s\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!t\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!u\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!w\e(B")
 237          (?W "\e$(3!~\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!~\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!{\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!|\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!}\e(B")))
 238 ;;; R
 239    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 240          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 241                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 242          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 243 ;;; S
 244    ("\e$(3$D\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$?\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$@\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$B\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$C\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$E\e(B")
 245          (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 246                   (?e "\e$(3$D%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$D%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$D%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$D%q\e(B"))
 247          (?2 "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 248              (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 249              (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 250                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B"))))
 251 ;;; T
 252    ("\e$(3$,\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$'\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$(\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$)\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$+\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$-\e(B")
 253          (?W "\e$(3$.\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$.\e(B")
 254                   (?e "\e$(3$,%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$,%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$,%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$,%q\e(B")))
 255 ;;; U
 256    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 257 ;;; V
 258    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 259          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 260                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 261 ;;; W
 262    ("\e$(3%r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B"))
 263 ;;; X
 264    ("\e$(3%N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%O\e(B"))
 265 ;;; Y
 266    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 267          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 268                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 269 ;;; Z
 270    ("\e$(3#J\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#E\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#F\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#G\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#H\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#I\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#K\e(B")
 271          (?W "\e$(3#L\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#L\e(B")
 272                   (?e "\e$(3#J%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#J%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#J%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#J%q\e(B")))
 273 ;;; [   \   ]   ^   _
 274    nil nil nil nil nil
 275 ;;; `
 276    (""
 277     (?: "\e$(3$h\e(B")
 278     (?? (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\e$(3%x\e(B" "\e$(3$n\e(B"))
 279     (?! "\e$(3%t\e(B")
 280     (?e "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?U "\e$(3#6\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#7\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#8\e(B") (?A "\e$(3#8\e(B")
 281         (?E "\e$(3#9\e(B") (?I "\e$(3#:\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#;\e(B") (?O "\e$(3#;\e(B")
 282     (?g "\e$(3%^\e(B"
 283         (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B"))
 284     (?h "\e$(3"H\e(B"
 285         (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 286                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B")))
 287     (?k "\e$(3%>\e(B"
 288         (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B"))
 289     (?s "\e$(3!F\e(B"
 290         (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 291         (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 292                    (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B")))
 293     (?S "\e$(3$L\e(B"
 294         (?e "\e$(3$G\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$H\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$I\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$J\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$K\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$M\e(B")
 295         (?W "\e$(3$F\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$F\e(B")
 296                  (?e "\e$(3$L%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$L%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$L%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$L%q\e(B")))
 297     (?q "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 298 ;;; a
 299    ("\e$(3"f\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#8\e(B"))
 300 ;;; b
 301    ("\e$(3"(\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"#\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"$\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"%\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"&\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"'\e(B") (?o "\e$(3")\e(B")
 302          (?W "\e$(3%b\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%2\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%B\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"*\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%R\e(B")))
 303 ;;; c
 304    ("\e$(3"@\e(B" (?e "\e$(3";\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"<\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"=\e(B") (?a "\e$(3">\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"?\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"A\e(B")
 305          (?W "\e$(3"B\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"B\e(B")
 306                   (?e "\e$(3"@%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"@%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"@%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"@%q\e(B")))
 307 ;;; d
 308    ("\e$(3#Z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#U\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#V\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#W\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#X\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Y\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#[\e(B")
 309          (?W "\e$(3#\\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#\\e(B")
 310                   (?e "\e$(3#Z%o\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#Z%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#Z%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Z%q\e(B")))
 311 ;;; e
 312    ("\e$(3"c\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"j\e(B"))
 313 ;;; f
 314    ("\e$(3$T\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$O\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Q\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$R\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$S\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$U\e(B")
 315          (?W "\e$(3%d\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%4\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%d\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%D\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%T\e(B"))
 316          (?Y "\e$(3$a\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$a\e(B")))
 317 ;;; g
 318    ("\e$(3#r\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#m\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#s\e(B")
 319          (?W "\e$(3#z\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#u\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#w\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#x\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#y\e(B"))
 320          (?2 "\e$(3%^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%[\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%_\e(B")))
 321 ;;; h
 322    ("\e$(3!&\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!!\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!"\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!#\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!$\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!%\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!'\e(B")
 323          (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))
 324          (?2 "\e$(3"H\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"C\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"D\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"F\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"G\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"I\e(B")
 325                   (?W "\e$(3"P\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"K\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"P\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"M\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"N\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"O\e(B"))))
 326 ;;; i
 327    ("\e$(3"e\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#7\e(B"))
 328 ;;; j
 329    ("\e$(3#j\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#e\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#f\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#g\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#h\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#i\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#k\e(B")
 330          (?W "\e$(3#l\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#l\e(B")
 331                   (?e "\e$(3#j%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#j%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#j%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#j%q\e(B")))
 332 ;;; k
 333    ("\e$(3"p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"k\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"l\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"m\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"n\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"o\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"q\e(B")
 334          (?W "\e$(3"x\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"s\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"x\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"u\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"v\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"w\e(B"))
 335          (?2 "\e$(3%>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%?\e(B")))
 336 ;;; l
 337    ("\e$(3!.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!/\e(B")
 338          (?W "\e$(3!0\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!0\e(B")
 339                   (?e "\e$(3!.%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!.%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!.%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!.%q\e(B")))
 340 ;;; m
 341    ("\e$(3!>\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!9\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!:\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!;\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!<\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!=\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!?\e(B")
 342          (?W "\e$(3%a\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%1\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%a\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%A\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%Q\e(B"))
 343          (?Y "\e$(3$_\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$_\e(B")))
 344 ;;; n
 345    ("\e$(3"X\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"S\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"T\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"U\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"V\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"W\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"Y\e(B")
 346          (?W "\e$(3"Z\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"Z\e(B")
 347                   (?e "\e$(3"X%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"X%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"X%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"X%q\e(B")))
 348 ;;; o
 349    ("\e$(3"i\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#;\e(B"))
 350 ;;; p
 351    ("\e$(3$\\e(B" (?e "\e$(3$W\e(B") (?u "\e$(3$X\e(B") (?i "\e$(3$Y\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$Z\e(B") (?E "\e$(3$[\e(B") (?o "\e$(3$]\e(B")
 352          (?W "\e$(3%e\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%5\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%e\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%E\e(B") (?a "\e$(3$^\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%U\e(B")))
 353 ;;; q
 354    ("\e$(3!f\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!a\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!b\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!c\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!d\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!e\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!g\e(B")
 355          (?W "\e$(3!n\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!i\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!n\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!k\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!l\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!m\e(B"))
 356          (?2 "\e$(3%.\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%)\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%*\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%+\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%,\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%-\e(B") (?o "\e$(3%/\e(B")))
 357 ;;; r
 358    ("\e$(3!N\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!I\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!J\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!K\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!L\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!M\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!O\e(B")
 359          (?W "\e$(3!P\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!P\e(B")
 360                   (?e "\e$(3!N%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!N%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!N%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!N%q\e(B"))
 361          (?Y "\e$(3$`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3$`\e(B")))
 362 ;;; s
 363    ("\e$(3!V\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Q\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!R\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!S\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!T\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!U\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!W\e(B")
 364          (?W "\e$(3!X\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!X\e(B")
 365                   (?e "\e$(3!V%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!V%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!V%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!V%q\e(B"))
 366          (?2 "\e$(3!F\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!A\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!B\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!C\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!D\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!E\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!G\e(B")
 367                   (?W "\e$(3!H\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!H\e(B")
 368                            (?e "\e$(3!F%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!F%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!F%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!F%q\e(B"))))
 369 ;;; t
 370    ("\e$(3"8\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"3\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"4\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"5\e(B") (?a "\e$(3"6\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"7\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"9\e(B")
 371          (?W "\e$(3":\e(B" (?a "\e$(3":\e(B")
 372                   (?e "\e$(3"8%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"8%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"8%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"8%q\e(B")))
 373 ;;; u
 374    ("\e$(3"d\e(B" (?2 "\e$(3#6\e(B"))
 375 ;;; v
 376    ("\e$(3"0\e(B" (?e "\e$(3"+\e(B") (?u "\e$(3",\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"-\e(B") (?a "\e$(3".\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"/\e(B") (?o "\e$(3"1\e(B")
 377          (?W "\e$(3"2\e(B" (?a "\e$(3"2\e(B")
 378                   (?e "\e$(3"0%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3"0%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3"0%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3"0%q\e(B")))
 379 ;;; w
 380    ("\e$(3#2\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#-\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#.\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#/\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#0\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#1\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#3\e(B")
 381          (?W "\e$(3%p\e(B" (?e "\e$(3%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3%o\e(B") (?a "\e$(3%p\e(B") (?E "\e$(3%q\e(B")))
 382 ;;; x
 383    ("\e$(3!^\e(B" (?e "\e$(3!Y\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!Z\e(B") (?i "\e$(3![\e(B") (?a "\e$(3!\\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!]\e(B") (?o "\e$(3!_\e(B")
 384          (?W "\e$(3!`\e(B" (?a "\e$(3!`\e(B")
 385                   (?e "\e$(3!^%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3!^%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3!^%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3!^%q\e(B")))
 386 ;;; y
 387    ("\e$(3#R\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#M\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#N\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#O\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#P\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#Q\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#S\e(B")
 388          (?W "\e$(3#T\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#T\e(B")
 389                   (?e "\e$(3#R%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#R%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#R%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#R%q\e(B")))
 390 ;;; z
 391    ("\e$(3#B\e(B" (?e "\e$(3#=\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#>\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#?\e(B") (?a "\e$(3#@\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#A\e(B") (?o "\e$(3#C\e(B")
 392          (?W "\e$(3#D\e(B" (?a "\e$(3#D\e(B")
 393                   (?e "\e$(3#B%n\e(B") (?u "\e$(3#B%r\e(B") (?i "\e$(3#B%o\e(B") (?E "\e$(3#B%q\e(B")))
 394 ;;; {   |   }   ~  DEL
 395    nil nil nil nil nil
 396    ])
 397
 398 ;;;###autoload
 399 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (beg end &optional secondary force)
 400   "Convert the characters in region from SERA to FIDEL.
 401 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary language
 402 and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 403
 404 If the 3rd parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, assume the region
 405 begins begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 406 language.
 407
 408 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, perform conversion
 409 even if the buffer is read-only.
 410
 411 See also the descriptions of the variables
 412 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 413 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 414
 415   (interactive "r\nP")
 416   (save-restriction
 417     (narrow-to-region beg end)
 418     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer secondary force)))
 419
 420 ;;;###autoload
 421 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer (&optional secondary force)
 422   "Convert the current buffer from SERA to FIDEL.
 423
 424 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 425 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 426
 427 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, assume the buffer
 428 begins with the secondary language; otherwise with the primary
 429 language.
 430
 431 If the 2nd optional parametr FORCE is non-nil, perform conversion even if the
 432 buffer is read-only.
 433
 434 See also the descriptions of the variables
 435 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon' and
 436 `ethio-use-three-dot-question'."
 437
 438   (interactive "P")
 439
 440   (if (and buffer-read-only
 441            (not force)
 442            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 443       (error ""))
 444
 445   (let ((ethio-primary-language ethio-primary-language)
 446         (ethio-secondary-language ethio-secondary-language)
 447         (ethio-use-colon-for-colon ethio-use-colon-for-colon)
 448         (ethio-use-three-dot-question ethio-use-three-dot-question)
 449         ;; The above four variables may be changed temporary
 450         ;; by tilde escapes during conversion.  So we bind them to other
 451         ;; variables but of the same names.
 452         (buffer-read-only nil)
 453         (case-fold-search nil)
 454         current-language
 455         next-language)
 456
 457     (setq current-language
 458           (if secondary
 459               ethio-secondary-language
 460             ethio-primary-language))
 461
 462     (goto-char (point-min))
 463
 464     (while (not (eobp))
 465       (setq next-language
 466             (cond
 467              ((eq current-language 'english)
 468               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))
 469              ((eq current-language 'amharic)
 470               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'amharic))
 471              ((eq current-language 'tigrigna)
 472               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio 'tigrigna))
 473              (t                         ; we don't know what to do
 474               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-english))))
 475
 476       (setq current-language
 477             (cond
 478
 479              ;; when language tag is explicitly specified
 480              ((not (eq next-language 'toggle))
 481               next-language)
 482
 483              ;; found a toggle in a primary language section
 484              ((eq current-language ethio-primary-language)
 485               ethio-secondary-language)
 486
 487              ;; found a toggle in a secondary, third, fourth, ...
 488              ;; language section
 489              (t
 490               ethio-primary-language))))
 491
 492     ;; If ethio-implicit-period-conversion is non-nil, the
 493     ;; Ethiopic dot "\e$(3%u\e(B" at the end of an Ethiopic sentence is
 494     ;; replaced with the Ethiopic full stop "\e$(3$i\e(B".
 495     (if ethio-implicit-period-conversion
 496         (progn
 497           (goto-char (point-min))
 498           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B\\([ \t]\\)"
 499                                     nil t)
 500             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B\\2"))
 501           (goto-char (point-min))
 502           (while (re-search-forward "\\([\e$(3!!\e(B-\e$(3$a%)\e(B-\e$(3%e%n\e(B-\e$(3%r%s\e(B]\\)\e$(3%u\e(B$" nil t)
 503             (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$i\e(B"))))
 504
 505     ;; gemination
 506     (goto-char (point-min))
 507     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
 508       (compose-region
 509        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
 510        (point)))
 511     ))
 512
 513 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-english nil
 514   "Handle English section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 515 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 516 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol."
 517   (let ((new-language nil))
 518
 519     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 520       (cond
 521
 522        ;; if no more "\", nothing to do.
 523        ((not (search-forward "\\" nil 0)))
 524
 525        ;; hereafter point is put after a "\".
 526        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars
 527
 528        ;; "\\" :  leave the second "\"
 529        ((progn
 530           (delete-backward-char 1)
 531           (= (following-char) ?\\ ))
 532         (forward-char 1))
 533
 534        ;; "\ " :  delete the following " "
 535        ((= (following-char) 32)
 536         (delete-char 1)
 537         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 538
 539        ;; a language flag
 540        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 541
 542        ;; just a "\" :  not special sequence.
 543        (t
 544         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 545
 546     new-language))
 547
 548 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-ethio (lang)
 549   "Handle Ethiopic section in SERA to FIDEL conversion.
 550 Conversion stops when a language switch is found.  Then delete that
 551 switch and return the name of the new language as a symbol.
 552
 553 The parameter LANG (symbol, either `amharic' or `tigrigna') affects
 554 the conversion of \"a\"."
 555
 556   (let ((new-language nil)
 557         (verbatim nil)
 558         start table table2 ch)
 559
 560     (setcar (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ?a)
 561             (if (eq lang 'tigrigna) "\e$(3"f\e(B" "\e$(3"c\e(B"))
 562
 563     (while (and (not (eobp)) (null new-language))
 564       (setq ch (following-char))
 565       (cond
 566
 567        ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if in w3-mode
 568        ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
 569              sera-being-called-by-w3
 570              (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
 571         (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
 572                         nil 0))
 573
 574        ;; leave non-ASCII characters as they are
 575        ((>= ch 128)
 576         (forward-char 1))
 577
 578        ;; ethiopic digits
 579        ((looking-at "`[1-9][0-9]*")
 580         (delete-char 1)
 581         (ethio-convert-digit))
 582
 583        ;; if not seeing a "\", do sera to fidel conversion
 584        ((/= ch ?\\ )
 585         (setq start (point))
 586         (forward-char 1)
 587         (setq table (aref ethio-sera-to-fidel-table ch))
 588         (while (setq table2 (cdr (assoc (following-char) table)))
 589           (setq table table2)
 590           (forward-char 1))
 591         (if (setq ch (car table))
 592             (progn
 593               (delete-region start (point))
 594               (if (stringp ch)
 595                   (insert ch)
 596                 (insert (eval ch))))))
 597
 598        ;; if control reaches here, we must be looking at a "\"
 599
 600        ;; verbatim mode
 601        (verbatim
 602         (if (looking-at "\\\\~! ?")
 603
 604             ;; "\~!" or "\~! ".  switch to non-verbatim mode
 605             (progn
 606               (replace-match "")
 607               (setq verbatim nil))
 608
 609           ;; "\" but not "\~!" nor "\~! ".  skip the current "\".
 610           (forward-char 1)))
 611
 612        ;; hereafter, non-verbatim mode and looking at a "\"
 613        ;; first delete that "\", then check the following chars.
 614
 615        ;; "\ " : delete the following " "
 616        ((progn
 617           (delete-char 1)
 618           (setq ch (following-char))
 619           (= ch 32))
 620         (delete-char 1)
 621         (setq new-language 'toggle))
 622
 623        ;; "\~!" or "\~! " : switch to verbatim mode
 624        ((looking-at "~! ?")
 625         (replace-match "")
 626         (setq verbatim t))
 627
 628        ;; a language flag
 629        ((setq new-language (ethio-process-language-flag)))
 630
 631        ;; "\~" but not "\~!" nor a language flag
 632        ((= ch ?~)
 633         (delete-char 1)
 634         (ethio-tilde-escape))
 635
 636        ;; ASCII punctuation escape.  skip
 637        ((looking-at "\\(,\\|\\.\\|;\\|:\\|'\\|`\\|\?\\|\\\\\\)+")
 638         (goto-char (match-end 0)))
 639
 640        ;; "\", but not special sequence
 641        (t
 642         (setq new-language 'toggle))))
 643
 644     new-language))
 645
 646 (defun ethio-process-language-flag nil
 647   "Process a language flag of the form \"~lang\" or \"~lang1~lang2\".
 648
 649 If looking at \"~lang1~lang2\", set `ethio-primary-language' and
 650 `ethio-une-secondary-language' based on \"lang1\" and \"lang2\".
 651 Then delete the language flag \"~lang1~lang2\" from the buffer.
 652 Return value is the new primary language.
 653
 654 If looking at \"~lang\", delete that language flag \"~lang\" from the
 655 buffer and return that language.  In this case
 656 `ethio-primary-language' and `ethio-uni-secondary-language'
 657 are left unchanged.
 658
 659 If an unsupported language flag is found, just return nil without
 660 changing anything."
 661
 662   (let (lang1 lang2)
 663     (cond
 664
 665      ;; ~lang1~lang2
 666      ((and (looking-at
 667             "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 668            (setq lang1
 669                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 670                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))))
 671            (setq lang2
 672                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 673                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2)))))
 674       (setq ethio-primary-language lang1
 675             ethio-secondary-language lang2)
 676       (delete-region (point) (match-end 2))
 677       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 678           (delete-char 1))
 679       ethio-primary-language)
 680
 681      ;; ~lang
 682      ((and (looking-at "~\\([a-z][a-z][a-z]?\\)[ \t\n\\]")
 683            (setq lang1
 684                  (ethio-flag-to-language
 685                   (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
 686       (delete-region (point) (match-end 1))
 687       (if (= (following-char) 32)
 688           (delete-char 1))
 689       lang1)
 690
 691      ;; otherwise
 692      (t
 693       nil))))
 694
 695 (defun ethio-tilde-escape nil
 696   "Handle a SERA tilde escape in Ethiopic section and delete it.
 697 Delete the escape even it is not recognised."
 698
 699   (let ((p (point)) command)
 700     (skip-chars-forward "^ \t\n\\\\")
 701     (setq command (buffer-substring p (point)))
 702     (delete-region p (point))
 703     (if (= (following-char) 32)
 704         (delete-char 1))
 705
 706     (cond
 707
 708      ;; \~-:
 709      ((string= command "-:")
 710       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon t))
 711
 712      ;; \~`:
 713      ((string= command "`:")
 714       (setq ethio-use-colon-for-colon nil))
 715
 716      ;; \~?
 717      ((string= command "?")
 718       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question nil))
 719
 720      ;; \~`|
 721      ((string= command "`|")
 722       (setq ethio-use-three-dot-question t))
 723
 724      ;; \~e
 725      ((string= command "e")
 726       (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
 727
 728      ;; \~E
 729      ((string= command "E")
 730       (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
 731
 732      ;; \~a
 733      ((string= command "a")
 734       (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
 735
 736      ;; \~A
 737      ((string= command "A")
 738       (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
 739
 740      ;; \~X
 741      ((string= command "X")
 742       (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
 743
 744      ;; unsupported tilde escape
 745      (t
 746       nil))))
 747
 748 (defun ethio-flag-to-language (flag)
 749   (cond
 750    ((or (string= flag "en") (string= flag "eng")) 'english)
 751    ((or (string= flag "ti") (string= flag "tir")) 'tigrigna)
 752    ((or (string= flag "am") (string= flag "amh")) 'amharic)
 753    (t nil)))
 754
 755 (defun ethio-convert-digit nil
 756   "Convert Arabic digits to Ethiopic digits."
 757   (let (ch z)
 758     (while (and (>= (setq ch (following-char)) ?1)
 759                 (<= ch ?9))
 760       (delete-char 1)
 761
 762       ;; count up following zeros
 763       (setq z 0)
 764       (while (= (following-char) ?0)
 765         (delete-char 1)
 766         (setq z (1+ z)))
 767
 768       (cond
 769
 770        ;; first digit is 10, 20, ..., or 90
 771        ((= (mod z 2) 1)
 772         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$y\e(B ?\e$(3$z\e(B ?\e$(3${\e(B ?\e$(3$|\e(B ?\e$(3$}\e(B ?\e$(3$~\e(B ?\e$(3%!\e(B ?\e$(3%"\e(B ?\e$(3%#\e(B] (- ch ?1)))
 773         (setq z (1- z)))
 774
 775        ;; first digit is 2, 3, ..., or 9
 776        ((/= ch ?1)
 777         (insert (aref [?\e$(3$q\e(B ?\e$(3$r\e(B ?\e$(3$s\e(B ?\e$(3$t\e(B ?\e$(3$u\e(B ?\e$(3$v\e(B ?\e$(3$w\e(B ?\e$(3$x\e(B] (- ch ?2))))
 778
 779        ;; single 1
 780        ((= z 0)
 781         (insert "\e$(3$p\e(B")))
 782
 783       ;; 100
 784       (if (= (mod z 4) 2)
 785           (insert "\e$(3%$\e(B"))
 786
 787       ;; 10000
 788       (insert-char ?\e$(3%%\e(B (/ z 4)))))
 789
 790 ;;;###autoload
 791 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
 792   "Execute ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail or ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker depending on the current major mode.
 793 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
 794
 795   (interactive "P")
 796   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 797           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
 798       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (prefix-numeric-value arg))
 799     (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker arg)))
 800
 801 ;;;###autoload
 802 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-mail (&optional arg)
 803   "Convert SERA to FIDEL to read/write mail and news.
 804
 805 If the buffer contains the markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\",
 806 convert the segments between them into FIDEL.
 807
 808 If invoked interactively and there is no marker, convert the subject field
 809 and the body into FIDEL using `ethio-sera-to-fidel-region'."
 810
 811   (interactive "p")
 812   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
 813         border)
 814     (save-excursion
 815
 816       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
 817       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
 818       (forward-line 1)
 819       (setq border (point))
 820
 821       ;; note that the point is placed at the border
 822       (if (or (re-search-forward "^<sera>$" nil t)
 823               (progn
 824                 (goto-char (point-min))
 825                 (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)))
 826
 827           ;; there are markers
 828           (progn
 829             ;; we start with the body so that the border will not change
 830             ;; use "^<sera>\n" instead of "^<sera>$" not to leave a blank line
 831             (goto-char border)
 832             (while (re-search-forward "^<sera>\n" nil t)
 833               (replace-match "")
 834               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 835                (point)
 836                (progn
 837                  (if (re-search-forward "^</sera>\n" nil 0)
 838                      (replace-match ""))
 839                  (point))))
 840             ;; now process the subject
 841             (goto-char (point-min))
 842             (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: <sera>" border t)
 843                 (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 844                  (progn (delete-backward-char 6) (point))
 845                  (progn
 846                    (if (re-search-forward "</sera>$" (line-end-position) 0)
 847                        (replace-match ""))
 848                    (point)))))
 849
 850         ;; in case there are no marks but invoked interactively
 851         (if arg
 852             (progn
 853               (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region border (point-max))
 854               (goto-char (point-min))
 855               (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
 856                   (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region (point) (line-end-position))))))
 857
 858       ;; adjust the rmail marker
 859       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
 860           (set-marker
 861            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
 862            (point-max))))))
 863
 864 ;;;###autoload
 865 (defun ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker (&optional force)
 866   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from SERA to FIDEL.
 867 Assume that each region begins with `ethio-primary-language'.
 868 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
 869   (interactive "P")
 870   (if (and buffer-read-only
 871            (not force)
 872            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
 873       (error ""))
 874   (save-excursion
 875     (goto-char (point-min))
 876     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
 877       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-region
 878        (point)
 879        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
 880            (match-beginning 0)
 881          (point-max))
 882        nil
 883        'force))))
 884
 885 ;;
 886 ;; FIDEL to SERA
 887 ;;
 888
 889 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-sera-map
 890  [ "he"  "hu"  "hi"  "ha"  "hE"  "h"  "ho"    ""       ;;   0 - 7
 891    "le"  "lu"  "li"  "la"  "lE"  "l"  "lo"  "lWa"      ;;   8
 892    "He"  "Hu"  "Hi"  "Ha"  "HE"  "H"  "Ho"  "HWa"      ;;  16
 893    "me"  "mu"  "mi"  "ma"  "mE"  "m"  "mo"  "mWa"      ;;  24
 894   "`se" "`su" "`si" "`sa" "`sE" "`s" "`so" "`sWa"      ;;  32
 895    "re"  "ru"  "ri"  "ra"  "rE"  "r"  "ro"  "rWa"      ;;  40
 896    "se"  "su"  "si"  "sa"  "sE"  "s"  "so"  "sWa"      ;;  48
 897    "xe"  "xu"  "xi"  "xa"  "xE"  "x"  "xo"  "xWa"      ;;  56
 898    "qe"  "qu"  "qi"  "qa"  "qE"  "q"  "qo"    ""       ;;  64
 899   "qWe"   ""  "qWi" "qWa" "qWE"  "qW'" ""     ""       ;;  72
 900    "Qe"  "Qu"  "Qi"  "Qa"  "QE"  "Q"  "Qo"    ""       ;;  80
 901   "QWe"   ""  "QWi" "QWa" "QWE"  "QW'" ""     ""       ;;  88
 902    "be"  "bu"  "bi"  "ba"  "bE"  "b"  "bo"  "bWa"      ;;  96
 903    "ve"  "vu"  "vi"  "va"  "vE"  "v"  "vo"  "vWa"      ;; 104
 904    "te"  "tu"  "ti"  "ta"  "tE"  "t"  "to"  "tWa"      ;; 112
 905    "ce"  "cu"  "ci"  "ca"  "cE"  "c"  "co"  "cWa"      ;; 120
 906   "`he" "`hu" "`hi" "`ha" "`hE" "`h" "`ho"    ""       ;; 128
 907   "hWe"   ""  "hWi" "hWa"  "hWE" "hW'" ""     ""       ;; 136
 908    "ne"  "nu"  "ni"  "na"  "nE"  "n"  "no"  "nWa"      ;; 144
 909    "Ne"  "Nu"  "Ni"  "Na"  "NE"  "N"  "No"  "NWa"      ;; 152
 910     "e"   "u"   "i"   "A"   "E"  "I"   "o"   "ea"      ;; 160
 911    "ke"  "ku"  "ki"  "ka"  "kE"  "k"  "ko"    ""       ;; 168
 912   "kWe"   ""  "kWi" "kWa" "kWE"  "kW'" ""     ""       ;; 176
 913    "Ke"  "Ku"  "Ki"  "Ka"  "KE"  "K"  "Ko"    ""       ;; 184
 914   "KWe"   ""  "KWi" "KWa" "KWE"  "KW'" ""     ""       ;; 192
 915    "we"  "wu"  "wi"  "wa"  "wE"  "w"  "wo"    ""       ;; 200
 916    "`e"  "`u"  "`i"  "`a"  "`E" "`I"  "`o"    ""       ;; 208
 917    "ze"  "zu"  "zi"  "za"  "zE"  "z"  "zo"  "zWa"      ;; 216
 918    "Ze"  "Zu"  "Zi"  "Za"  "ZE"  "Z"  "Zo"  "ZWa"      ;; 224
 919    "ye"  "yu"  "yi"  "ya"  "yE"  "y"  "yo"  "yWa"      ;; 232
 920    "de"  "du"  "di"  "da"  "dE"  "d"  "do"  "dWa"      ;; 240
 921    "De"  "Du"  "Di"  "Da"  "DE"  "D"  "Do"  "DWa"      ;; 248
 922    "je"  "ju"  "ji"  "ja"  "jE"  "j"  "jo"  "jWa"      ;; 256
 923    "ge"  "gu"  "gi"  "ga"  "gE"  "g"  "go"    ""       ;; 264
 924   "gWe"   ""  "gWi" "gWa" "gWE" "gW'"  ""     ""       ;; 272
 925    "Ge"  "Gu"  "Gi"  "Ga"  "GE"  "G"  "Go"  "GWa"      ;; 280
 926    "Te"  "Tu"  "Ti"  "Ta"  "TE"  "T"  "To"  "TWa"      ;; 288
 927    "Ce"  "Cu"  "Ci"  "Ca"  "CE"  "C"  "Co"  "CWa"      ;; 296
 928    "Pe"  "Pu"  "Pi"  "Pa"  "PE"  "P"  "Po"  "PWa"      ;; 304
 929    "Se"  "Su"  "Si"  "Sa"  "SE"  "S"  "So"  "SWa"      ;; 312
 930   "`Se" "`Su" "`Si" "`Sa" "`SE" "`S" "`So"    ""       ;; 320
 931    "fe"  "fu"  "fi"  "fa"  "fE"  "f"  "fo"  "fWa"      ;; 328
 932    "pe"  "pu"  "pi"  "pa"  "pE"  "p"  "po"  "pWa"      ;; 336
 933   "mYa" "rYa" "fYa"   ""    ""   ""    ""     ""       ;; 344
 934    " "  " : "  "::"  ","   ";"  "-:"  ":-"   "`?"      ;; 352
 935   ":|:"  "1"   "2"   "3"   "4"   "5"   "6"   "7"       ;; 360
 936    "8"   "9"   "10"  "20"  "30"  "40" "50"   "60"      ;; 368
 937    "70"  "80"  "90" "100" "10000" ""   ""     ""       ;; 376
 938   "`qe" "`qu" "`qi" "`qa" "`qE" "`q" "`qo"    ""       ;; 384
 939   "mWe" "bWe" "GWe" "fWe" "pWe"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 392
 940   "`ke" "`ku" "`ki" "`ka" "`kE" "`k" "`ko"    ""       ;; 400
 941   "mWi" "bWi" "GWi" "fWi" "pWi"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 408
 942    "Xe"  "Xu"  "Xi"  "Xa"  "XE"  "X"  "Xo"    ""       ;; 416
 943   "mWE" "bWE" "GWE" "fWE" "pWE"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 424
 944   "`ge" "`gu" "`gi" "`ga" "`gE" "`g" "`go"    ""       ;; 432
 945   "mW'" "bW'" "GW'" "fW'" "pW'"  ""    ""     ""       ;; 440
 946   "\\~X " "\\~e " "\\~E " "\\~a " "\\~A " "wWe" "wWi" "wWa" ;; 448
 947   "wWE" "wW'"  "''"  "`!"  "."  "<<"  ">>"   "?" ])    ;; 456
 948
 949 (defun ethio-prefer-amharic-p nil
 950   (or (eq ethio-primary-language 'amharic)
 951       (and (not (eq ethio-primary-language 'tigrigna))
 952            (eq ethio-secondary-language 'amharic))))
 953
 954 (defun ethio-language-to-flag (lang)
 955   (cond
 956    ((eq lang 'english) "eng")
 957    ((eq lang 'tigrigna) "tir")
 958    ((eq lang 'amharic) "amh")
 959    (t "")))
 960
 961 ;;;###autoload
 962 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-region (begin end &optional secondary force)
 963   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the region to the SERA format.
 964 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 965 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 966
 967 If the 3dr parameter SECONDARY is given and non-nil, try to convert
 968 the region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with
 969 the primary language.
 970
 971 If the 4th parameter FORCE is given and non-nil, convert even if the
 972 buffer is read-only.
 973
 974 See also the descriptions of the variables
 975 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
 976 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
 977
 978   (interactive "r\nP")
 979   (save-restriction
 980     (narrow-to-region begin end)
 981     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer secondary force)))
 982
 983 ;;;###autoload
 984 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer (&optional secondary force)
 985   "Replace all the FIDEL characters in the current buffer to the SERA format.
 986 The variable `ethio-primary-language' specifies the primary
 987 language and `ethio-secondary-language' specifies the secondary.
 988
 989 If the 1st optional parameter SECONDARY is non-nil, try to convert the
 990 region so that it begins in the secondary language; otherwise with the
 991 primary language.
 992
 993 If the 2nd optional parameter FORCE is non-nil, convert even if the
 994 buffer is read-only.
 995
 996 See also the descriptions of the variables
 997 `ethio-use-colon-for-colon', `ethio-use-three-dot-question',
 998 `ethio-quote-vowel-always' and `ethio-numeric-reduction'."
 999
1000   (interactive "P")
1001   (if (and buffer-read-only
1002            (not force)
1003            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1004       (error ""))
1005
1006   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1007         (case-fold-search nil)
1008         (lonec nil) ;; t means previous char was a lone consonant
1009         (fidel nil) ;; t means previous char was a FIDEL
1010         (digit nil) ;; t means previous char was an Ethiopic digit
1011         (flag (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir "))
1012         mode ch)
1013
1014     ;; user's preference in transcription
1015     (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon
1016         (progn
1017           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 "`:")
1018           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 ":"))
1019       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 353 " : ")
1020       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 357 "-:"))
1021
1022     (if ethio-use-three-dot-question
1023         (progn
1024           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "?")
1025           (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "`?"))
1026       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 359 "`?")
1027       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 463 "?"))
1028
1029     (mapcar
1030      '(lambda (x)
1031         (aset (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map x)
1032               2
1033               (if ethio-W-sixth-always ?' ?u)))
1034      '(77 93 141 181 197 277 440 441 442 443 444 457))
1035
1036     (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1037         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "a")
1038       (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 160 "e"))
1039     ;; end of user's preference
1040
1041     ;; first, decompose geminated characters
1042     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1043
1044     ;; main conversion routine
1045     (goto-char (point-min))
1046     (while (not (eobp))
1047       (setq ch (following-char))
1048
1049       (cond                             ; ethiopic, english, neutral
1050
1051        ;; ethiopic character.  must go to ethiopic mode, if not in it.
1052        ((eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1053         (setq ch (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch))
1054         (delete-char 1)
1055         (if (not (eq mode 'ethiopic))
1056             (progn
1057               (insert flag)
1058               (setq mode 'ethiopic)))
1059
1060         (cond                           ; fidel, punc, digit
1061
1062          ;; fidels
1063          ((or (<= ch 346)               ;  he - fYa
1064               (and (>= ch 384) (<= ch 444)) ; `qe - pw
1065               (and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))) ; wWe - wW
1066           (if (and (memq ch '(160 161 162 163 164 166 167)) ; (e - ea)
1067                    (or lonec
1068                        (and ethio-quote-vowel-always
1069                             fidel)))
1070               (insert "'"))
1071           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1072           (setq lonec (ethio-lone-consonant-p ch)
1073                 fidel t
1074                 digit nil))
1075
1076          ;; punctuations or icons
1077          ((or (and (>= ch 353) (<= ch 360)) ;  : - :|:
1078               (>= ch 458)               ;  '' -  ?
1079               (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452))) ;  \~X \~e \~E \~a \~A
1080           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1081           (setq lonec nil
1082                 fidel nil
1083                 digit nil))
1084
1085          ;; now CH must be an ethiopic digit
1086
1087          ;; reduction = 0 or not preceded by Ethiopic number(s)
1088          ((or (= ethio-numeric-reduction 0)
1089               (not digit))
1090           (insert "`" (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1091           (setq lonec nil
1092                 fidel nil
1093                 digit t))
1094
1095          ;; reduction = 2 and following 10s, 100s, 10000s
1096          ((and (= ethio-numeric-reduction 2)
1097                (memq ch '(370 379 380)))
1098           (insert (substring (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch) 1))
1099           (setq lonec nil
1100                 fidel nil
1101                 digit t))
1102
1103          ;; ordinary following digits
1104          (t
1105           (insert (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map ch))
1106           (setq lonec nil
1107                 fidel nil
1108                 digit t))))
1109
1110        ;; english character.  must go to english mode, if not in it.
1111        ((or (and (>= ch ?a) (<= ch ?z))
1112             (and (>= ch ?A) (<= ch ?Z)))
1113         (if (not (eq mode 'english))
1114             (insert "\\~eng "))
1115         (forward-char 1)
1116         (setq mode 'english
1117               lonec nil
1118               fidel nil
1119               digit nil))
1120
1121        ;; ch can appear both in ethiopic section and in english section.
1122        (t
1123
1124         ;; we must decide the mode, if not decided yet
1125         (if (null mode)
1126             (progn
1127               (setq mode
1128                     (if secondary
1129                         ethio-secondary-language
1130                       ethio-primary-language))
1131               (if (eq mode 'english)
1132                   (insert "\\~eng ")
1133                 (insert flag)
1134                 (setq mode 'ethiopic)))) ; tigrigna & amharic --> ethiopic
1135
1136         (cond                           ; \ , eng-mode , punc , w3 , other
1137
1138          ;; backslash is always quoted
1139          ((= ch ?\\ )
1140           (insert "\\")
1141           (forward-char 1))
1142
1143          ;; nothing to do if in english mode
1144          ((eq mode 'english)
1145           (forward-char 1))
1146
1147          ;; now we must be in ethiopic mode and seeing a non-"\"
1148
1149          ;; ascii punctuations in ethiopic mode
1150          ((looking-at "[,.;:'`?]+")
1151           (insert "\\")
1152           (goto-char (1+ (match-end 0)))) ; because we inserted one byte (\)
1153
1154          ;; skip from "<" to ">" (or from "&" to ";") if called from w3
1155          ((and (boundp 'sera-being-called-by-w3)
1156                sera-being-called-by-w3
1157                (or (= ch ?<) (= ch ?&)))
1158           (search-forward (if (= ch ?<) ">" ";")
1159                           nil 0))
1160
1161          ;; neutral character.  no need to quote.  just skip it.
1162          (t
1163           (forward-char 1)))
1164
1165         (setq lonec nil
1166               fidel nil
1167               digit nil)))
1168     ;; end of main conversion routine
1169     )))
1170
1171 (defun ethio-lone-consonant-p (ethiocode)
1172   "If ETHIOCODE is an Ethiopic lone consonant, return t."
1173   (or (and (< ethiocode 344) (= (% ethiocode 8) 5))
1174
1175       ;;                     `q  `k   X  `g  mW  bW  GW  fW  pW  wW
1176       (memq ethiocode '(389 405 421 437 440 441 442 443 444 457))))
1177
1178 ;;;###autoload
1179 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail-or-marker (&optional arg)
1180   "Execute ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail or ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker depending on the current major mode.
1181 If in rmail-mode or in mail-mode, execute the former; otherwise latter."
1182
1183   (interactive "P")
1184   (if (or (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1185           (eq major-mode 'mail-mode))
1186       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail)
1187     (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker arg)))
1188
1189 ;;;###autoload
1190 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-mail nil
1191   "Convert FIDEL to SERA to read/write mail and news.
1192
1193 If the body contains at least one Ethiopic character,
1194  1) insert the string \"<sera>\" at the beginning of the body,
1195  2) insert \"</sera>\" at the end of the body, and
1196  3) convert the body into SERA.
1197
1198 The very same procedure applies to the subject field, too."
1199
1200   (interactive)
1201   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1202         border)
1203     (save-excursion
1204
1205       ;; follow RFC822 rules instead of looking for a fixed separator
1206       (rfc822-goto-eoh)
1207       (forward-line 1)
1208       (setq border (point))
1209
1210       ;; process body first not to change the border
1211       ;; note that the point is already at the border
1212       (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1213           (progn
1214             (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region border (point-max))
1215             (goto-char border)
1216             (insert "<sera>")
1217             (goto-char (point-max))
1218             (insert "</sera>")))
1219
1220       ;; process subject
1221       (goto-char (point-min))
1222       (if (re-search-forward "^Subject: " border t)
1223           (let ((beg (point))
1224                 (end (line-end-position)))
1225             (if (re-search-forward "\\ce" end t)
1226                 (progn
1227                   (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region beg end)
1228                   (goto-char beg)
1229                   (insert "<sera>")
1230                   (end-of-line)
1231                   (insert "</sera>")))))
1232
1233       ;; adjust the rmail marker
1234       (if (eq major-mode 'rmail-mode)
1235           (set-marker
1236            (aref rmail-message-vector (1+ rmail-current-message))
1237            (point-max))))))
1238
1239 ;;;###autoload
1240 (defun ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker (&optional force)
1241   "Convert the regions surrounded by \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" from FIDEL to SERA.
1242 The markers \"<sera>\" and \"</sera>\" themselves are not deleted."
1243
1244   (interactive "P")
1245   (if (and buffer-read-only
1246            (not force)
1247            (not (y-or-n-p "Buffer is read-only.  Force to convert? ")))
1248       (error ""))
1249   (save-excursion
1250     (goto-char (point-min))
1251     (while (re-search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1252       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-region
1253        (point)
1254        (if (re-search-forward "</sera>" nil t)
1255            (match-beginning 0)
1256          (point-max))
1257        nil
1258        'force))))
1259
1260 ;;
1261 ;; vowel modification
1262 ;;
1263
1264 ;;;###autoload
1265 (defun ethio-modify-vowel nil
1266   "Modify the vowel of the FIDEL that is under the cursor."
1267   (interactive)
1268   (let ((ch (following-char))
1269         (composite nil)                 ; geminated or not
1270         newch base vowel modulo)
1271
1272     (cond
1273      ;; in case of gemination
1274      ((eq (char-charset ch) 'composition)
1275       (setq ch (string-to-char (decompose-composite-char ch))
1276             composite t))
1277      ;; neither gemination nor fidel
1278      ((not (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic))
1279       (error "Not a valid character.")))
1280
1281     ;; set frequently referred character features
1282     (setq ch     (ethio-char-to-ethiocode ch)
1283           base   (* (/ ch 8) 8)
1284           modulo (% ch 8))
1285
1286     (if (or (and (>= ch 344) (<= ch 380)) ;; mYa - `10000
1287             (and (>= ch 448) (<= ch 452)) ;; \~X - \~A
1288             (>= ch 458))                  ;; private punctuations
1289         (error "Not a valid character."))
1290
1291     (setq
1292      newch
1293      (cond
1294
1295       ;; first standalone vowels
1296       ((= base 160)
1297        (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p)
1298            (message "Modify vowel to: [auiAEIoW\"] ")
1299          (message "Modify vowel to: [euiAEIoW\"] "))
1300        (setq vowel (read-char))
1301        (cond
1302         ((= vowel ?e) 160)
1303         ((= vowel ?u) 161)
1304         ((= vowel ?i) 162)
1305         ((= vowel ?A) 163)
1306         ((= vowel ?E) 164)
1307         ((= vowel ?I) 165)
1308         ((= vowel ?o) 166)
1309         ((= vowel ?W) 167)
1310         ((= vowel ?a) (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) 160 163))
1311         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1312         (t nil)))
1313
1314       ;; second standalone vowels
1315       ((= base 208)
1316        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaEIo\"] ")
1317        (setq vowel (read-char))
1318        (cond
1319         ((= vowel ?e) 208)
1320         ((= vowel ?u) 209)
1321         ((= vowel ?i) 210)
1322         ((= vowel ?a) 211)
1323         ((= vowel ?E) 212)
1324         ((= vowel ?I) 213)
1325         ((= vowel ?o) 214)
1326         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1327         (t nil)))
1328
1329       ;; 12-form consonants, *W* form
1330       ((memq base '(72 88 136 176 192 272)) ; qW QW hW kW KW gW
1331        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1332        (setq vowel (read-char))
1333        (cond
1334         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1335         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 5))
1336         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1337         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1338         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1339         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1340         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1341         (t nil)))
1342
1343       ;; extended 12-form consonants, mWa bWa GWa fWa pWa
1344       ((= ch 31)                        ; mWa
1345        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1346        (setq vowel (read-char))
1347        (cond
1348         ((= vowel ?e) 392)
1349         ((= vowel ?u) 440)
1350         ((= vowel ?i) 408)
1351         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1352         ((= vowel ?E) 424)
1353         ((= vowel ?') 440)
1354         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1355         (t nil)))
1356       ((= ch 103)                       ; bWa
1357        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1358        (setq vowel (read-char))
1359        (cond
1360         ((= vowel ?e) 393)
1361         ((= vowel ?u) 441)
1362         ((= vowel ?i) 409)
1363         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1364         ((= vowel ?E) 425)
1365         ((= vowel ?') 441)
1366         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1367         (t nil)))
1368       ((= ch 287)                       ; GWa
1369        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1370        (setq vowel (read-char))
1371        (cond
1372         ((= vowel ?e) 394)
1373         ((= vowel ?u) 442)
1374         ((= vowel ?i) 410)
1375         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1376         ((= vowel ?E) 426)
1377         ((= vowel ?') 442)
1378         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1379         (t nil)))
1380       ((= ch 335)                       ; fWa
1381        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1382        (setq vowel (read-char))
1383        (cond
1384         ((= vowel ?e) 395)
1385         ((= vowel ?u) 443)
1386         ((= vowel ?i) 411)
1387         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1388         ((= vowel ?E) 427)
1389         ((= vowel ?') 443)
1390         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1391         (t nil)))
1392       ((= ch 343)                       ; pWa
1393        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'\"] ")
1394        (setq vowel (read-char))
1395        (cond
1396         ((= vowel ?e) 396)
1397         ((= vowel ?u) 444)
1398         ((= vowel ?i) 412)
1399         ((= vowel ?a) ch)
1400         ((= vowel ?E) 428)
1401         ((= vowel ?') 444)
1402         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1403         (t nil)))
1404
1405       ;; extended 12-form consonatns, mW* bW* GW* fW* pW*
1406       ((memq base '(392 408 424 440))   ; *We *Wi *WE *W
1407        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiEau'\"] ")
1408        (setq vowel (read-char))
1409        (cond
1410         ((= vowel ?e) (+ 392 modulo))
1411         ((= vowel ?i) (+ 408 modulo))
1412         ((= vowel ?E) (+ 424 modulo))
1413         ((= vowel ?a) (cond
1414                        ((= modulo 0)  31) ; mWa
1415                        ((= modulo 1) 103) ; bWa
1416                        ((= modulo 2) 287) ; GWa
1417                        ((= modulo 3) 335) ; fWa
1418                        ((= modulo 4) 343) ; pWa
1419                        (t nil)))        ; never reach here
1420         ((= vowel ?') (+ 440 modulo))
1421         ((= vowel ?u) (+ 440 modulo))
1422         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1423         (t nil)))
1424
1425       ((and (>= ch 453) (<= ch 457))    ; wWe wWi wWa wWE wW
1426        (message "Modify vowel to: [eiaE'u\"] ")
1427        (setq vowel (read-char))
1428        (cond
1429         ((= vowel ?e) 453)
1430         ((= vowel ?i) 454)
1431         ((= vowel ?a) 455)
1432         ((= vowel ?E) 456)
1433         ((= vowel ?') 457)
1434         ((= vowel ?u) 457)
1435         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1436         (t nil)))
1437
1438       ;; 7-form consonants, or
1439       ;; first 7 of 8-form consonants
1440       ((<= modulo 6)
1441        (message "Modify vowel to: [euiaE'o\"] ")
1442        (setq vowel (read-char))
1443        (cond
1444         ((= vowel ?e) base)
1445         ((= vowel ?u) (+ base 1))
1446         ((= vowel ?i) (+ base 2))
1447         ((= vowel ?a) (+ base 3))
1448         ((= vowel ?E) (+ base 4))
1449         ((= vowel ?') (+ base 5))
1450         ((= vowel ?o) (+ base 6))
1451         ((= vowel ?\") (setq composite t) ch)
1452         (t nil)))
1453
1454       ;; otherwise
1455       (t
1456        nil)))
1457
1458     (cond
1459
1460      ;; could not get new character
1461      ((null newch)
1462       (error "Invalid vowel"))
1463
1464      ;; vowel changed on a composite Fidel
1465      (composite
1466       (delete-char 1)
1467       (insert
1468        (compose-string
1469         (concat (char-to-string (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))        "\e$(3%s\e(B"))))
1470
1471      ;; simple vowel modification
1472      (t
1473       (delete-char 1)
1474       (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char newch))))))
1475
1476 (defun ethio-ethiocode-to-char (ethiocode)
1477   (make-char
1478    'ethiopic
1479    (+ (/ ethiocode 94) 33)
1480    (+ (mod ethiocode 94) 33)))
1481
1482 (defun ethio-char-to-ethiocode (ch)
1483   (and (eq (char-charset ch) 'ethiopic)
1484        (let ((char-components (split-char ch)))
1485          (+ (* (- (nth 1 char-components) 33) 94)
1486             (- (nth 2 char-components) 33)))))
1487
1488 ;;
1489 ;; space replacement
1490 ;;
1491
1492 ;;;###autoload
1493 (defun ethio-replace-space (ch begin end)
1494   "Replace ASCII spaces with Ethiopic word separators in the region.
1495
1496 In the specified region, replace word separators surrounded by two
1497 Ethiopic characters, depending on the first parameter CH, which should
1498 be 1, 2, or 3.
1499
1500 If CH = 1, word separator will be replaced with an ASCII space.
1501 If CH = 2, with two ASCII spaces.
1502 If CH = 3, with the Ethiopic colon-like word separator.
1503
1504 The second and third parameters BEGIN and END specify the region."
1505
1506   (interactive "*cReplace spaces to: 1 (sg col), 2 (dbl col), 3 (Ethiopic)\nr")
1507   (if (not (memq ch '(?1 ?2 ?3)))
1508       (error ""))
1509   (save-excursion
1510     (save-restriction
1511       (narrow-to-region begin end)
1512
1513       (cond
1514        ((= ch ?1)
1515         ;; an Ethiopic word separator --> an ASCII space
1516         (goto-char (point-min))
1517         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1518           (replace-match " " nil t))
1519
1520         ;; two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters --> an ASCII space
1521         (goto-char (point-min))
1522         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1523           (replace-match "\\1 \\2")
1524           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1525
1526        ((= ch ?2)
1527         ;; An Ethiopic word separator --> two ASCII spaces
1528         (goto-char (point-min))
1529         (while (search-forward "\e$(3$h\e(B" nil t)
1530           (replace-match "  "))
1531
1532         ;; An ASCII space between Ethiopic characters --> two ASCII spaces
1533         (goto-char (point-min))
1534         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\) \\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1535           (replace-match "\\1  \\2")
1536           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))
1537
1538        (t
1539         ;; One or two ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1540         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator
1541         (goto-char (point-min))
1542         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  ?\\(\\ce\\)" nil t)
1543           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1544           (goto-char (match-beginning 2)))
1545
1546         ;; Three or more ASCII spaces between Ethiopic characters
1547         ;;   --> An Ethiopic word separator + (N - 2) ASCII spaces
1548         (goto-char (point-min))
1549         (while (re-search-forward "\\(\\ce\\)  \\( *\\ce\\)" nil t)
1550           (replace-match "\\1\e$(3$h\e(B\\2")
1551           (goto-char (match-beginning 2))))))))
1552
1553 ;;
1554 ;; special icons
1555 ;;
1556
1557 ;;;###autoload
1558 (defun ethio-input-special-character (arg)
1559   "Allow the user to input special characters."
1560   (interactive "*cInput number: 1.\e$(3%j\e(B  2.\e$(3%k\e(B  3.\e$(3%l\e(B  4.\e$(3%m\e(B  5.\e$(3%i\e(B")
1561   (cond
1562    ((= arg ?1)
1563     (insert "\e$(3%j\e(B"))
1564    ((= arg ?2)
1565     (insert "\e$(3%k\e(B"))
1566    ((= arg ?3)
1567     (insert "\e$(3%l\e(B"))
1568    ((= arg ?4)
1569     (insert "\e$(3%m\e(B"))
1570    ((= arg ?5)
1571     (insert "\e$(3%i\e(B"))
1572    (t
1573     (error ""))))
1574
1575 ;;
1576 ;; TeX support
1577 ;;
1578
1579 (defconst ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1580  [ "heG"  "huG"  "hiG"  "haG"  "hEG"   "hG"  "hoG"      ""     ;;   0 - 7
1581    "leG"  "luG"  "liG"  "laG"  "lEG"   "lG"  "loG"  "lWaG"     ;;   8
1582    "HeG"  "HuG"  "HiG"  "HaG"  "HEG"   "HG"  "HoG"  "HWaG"     ;;  16
1583    "meG"  "muG"  "miG"  "maG"  "mEG"   "mG"  "moG"  "mWaG"     ;;  24
1584   "sseG" "ssuG" "ssiG" "ssaG" "ssEG"  "ssG" "ssoG" "ssWaG"     ;;  32
1585    "reG"  "ruG"  "riG"  "raG"  "rEG"   "rG"  "roG"  "rWaG"     ;;  40
1586    "seG"  "suG"  "siG"  "saG"  "sEG"   "sG"  "soG"  "sWaG"     ;;  48
1587    "xeG"  "xuG"  "xiG"  "xaG"  "xEG"   "xG"  "xoG"  "xWaG"     ;;  56
1588    "qeG"  "quG"  "qiG"  "qaG"  "qEG"   "qG"  "qoG"      ""     ;;  64
1589   "qWeG"     "" "qWiG" "qWaG" "qWEG"  "qWG"     ""      ""     ;;  72
1590    "QeG"  "QuG"  "QiG"  "QaG"  "QEG"   "QG"  "QoG"      ""     ;;  80
1591   "QWeG"     "" "QWiG" "QWaG" "QWEG"  "QWG"     ""      ""     ;;  88
1592    "beG"  "buG"  "biG"  "baG"  "bEG"   "bG"  "boG"  "bWaG"     ;;  96
1593    "veG"  "vuG"  "viG"  "vaG"  "vEG"   "vG"  "voG"  "vWaG"     ;; 104
1594    "teG"  "tuG"  "tiG"  "taG"  "tEG"   "tG"  "toG"  "tWaG"     ;; 112
1595    "ceG"  "cuG"  "ciG"  "caG"  "cEG"   "cG"  "coG"  "cWaG"     ;; 120
1596   "hheG" "hhuG" "hhiG" "hhaG" "hhEG"  "hhG" "hhoG"      ""     ;; 128
1597   "hWeG"     "" "hWiG" "hWaG" "hWEG"  "hWG"     ""      ""     ;; 136
1598    "neG"  "nuG"  "niG"  "naG"  "nEG"   "nG"  "noG"  "nWaG"     ;; 144
1599    "NeG"  "NuG"  "NiG"  "NaG"  "NEG"   "NG"  "NoG"  "NWaG"     ;; 152
1600     "eG"   "uG"   "iG"   "AG"   "EG"   "IG"   "oG"   "eaG"     ;; 160
1601    "keG"  "kuG"  "kiG"  "kaG"  "kEG"   "kG"  "koG"      ""     ;; 168
1602   "kWeG"     "" "kWiG" "kWaG" "kWEG"  "kWG"     ""      ""     ;; 176
1603    "KeG"  "KuG"  "KiG"  "KaG"  "KEG"   "KG"  "KoG"      ""     ;; 184
1604   "KWeG"     "" "KWiG" "KWaG" "KWEG"  "KWG"     ""      ""     ;; 192
1605    "weG"  "wuG"  "wiG"  "waG"  "wEG"   "wG"  "woG"      ""     ;; 200
1606    "eeG"  "uuG"  "iiG"  "aaG"  "EEG"  "IIG"  "ooG"      ""     ;; 208
1607    "zeG"  "zuG"  "ziG"  "zaG"  "zEG"   "zG"  "zoG"  "zWaG"     ;; 216
1608    "ZeG"  "ZuG"  "ZiG"  "ZaG"  "ZEG"   "ZG"  "ZoG"  "ZWaG"     ;; 224
1609    "yeG"  "yuG"  "yiG"  "yaG"  "yEG"   "yG"  "yoG"  "yWaG"     ;; 232
1610    "deG"  "duG"  "diG"  "daG"  "dEG"   "dG" "doG"   "dWaG"     ;; 240
1611    "DeG"  "DuG"  "DiG"  "DaG"  "DEG"   "DG"  "DoG"  "DWaG"     ;; 248
1612    "jeG"  "juG"  "jiG"  "jaG"  "jEG"   "jG"  "joG"  "jWaG"     ;; 256
1613    "geG"  "guG"  "giG"  "gaG"  "gEG"   "gG"  "goG"     ""      ;; 264
1614   "gWeG"     "" "gWiG" "gWaG" "gWEG"  "gWG"     ""     ""      ;; 272
1615    "GeG"  "GuG"  "GiG"  "GaG"  "GEG"   "GG"  "GoG"  "GWaG"     ;; 280
1616    "TeG"  "TuG"  "TiG"  "TaG"  "TEG"   "TG"  "ToG"  "TWaG"     ;; 288
1617    "CeG"  "CuG"  "CiG"  "CaG"  "CEG"   "CG"  "CoG"  "CWaG"     ;; 296
1618    "PeG"  "PuG"  "PiG"  "PaG"  "PEG"   "PG"  "PoG"  "PWaG"     ;; 304
1619    "SeG"  "SuG"  "SiG"  "SaG"  "SEG"   "SG"  "SoG"  "SWaG"     ;; 312
1620   "SSeG" "SSuG" "SSiG" "SSaG" "SSEG"  "SSG" "SSoG"      ""     ;; 320
1621    "feG"  "fuG"  "fiG"  "faG"  "fEG"   "fG"  "foG"  "fWaG"     ;; 328
1622    "peG"  "puG"  "piG"  "paG"  "pEG"   "pG"  "poG"  "pWaG"     ;; 336
1623   "mYaG" "rYaG" "fYaG"     ""     ""     ""     ""      ""     ;; 344
1624       "" "spaceG" "periodG" "commaG"                           ;; 352
1625   "semicolonG" "colonG" "precolonG" "oldqmarkG"                ;; 356
1626   "pbreakG" "andG" "huletG" "sostG" "aratG" "amstG" "sadstG" "sabatG"  ;; 360
1627   "smntG" "zeteNG" "asrG" "heyaG" "selasaG" "arbaG" "hemsaG" "slsaG"   ;; 368
1628   "sebaG" "semanyaG" "zeTanaG" "metoG" "asrxiG" "" "" ""               ;; 376
1629   "qqeG" "qquG" "qqiG" "qqaG" "qqEG" "qqG" "qqoG"    ""      ;; 384
1630   "mWeG" "bWeG" "GWeG" "fWeG" "pWeG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 392
1631   "kkeG" "kkuG" "kkiG" "kkaG" "kkEG" "kkG" "kkoG"    ""      ;; 400
1632   "mWiG" "bWiG" "GWiG" "fWiG" "pWiG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 408
1633    "XeG"  "XuG" "GXiG"  "XaG"  "XEG"  "XG"  "XoG"    ""      ;; 416
1634   "mWEG" "bWEG" "GWEG" "fWEG" "pWEG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 424
1635   "ggeG" "gguG" "ggiG" "ggaG" "ggEG" "ggG" "ggoG"    ""      ;; 432
1636    "mWG" "bWG"   "GWG"  "fWG"  "pWG"    ""     ""    ""      ;; 440
1637   "ornamentG" "flandG" "iflandG" "africaG"                       ;; 448
1638   "iafricaG" "wWeG" "wWiG" "wWaG"                            ;; 452
1639   "wWEG"  "wWG" "" "slaqG" "dotG" "lquoteG" "rquoteG" "qmarkG" ])  ;; 456
1640
1641 ;;
1642 ;; To make tex-to-fidel mapping.
1643 ;; The following code makes
1644 ;;     (get 'ethio-tex-command-he 'ethio-fidel-char)  ==>  ?\e$(3!!\e(B
1645 ;; etc.
1646 ;;
1647
1648 (let ((i 0) str)
1649   (while (< i (length ethio-fidel-to-tex-map))
1650     (setq str (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i))
1651     (if (not (string= str ""))
1652         (put
1653          (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-" (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map i)))
1654          'ethio-fidel-char
1655          (ethio-ethiocode-to-char i)))
1656     (setq i (1+ i))))
1657
1658 ;;;###autoload
1659 (defun ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer nil
1660   "Convert each fidel characters in the current buffer into a fidel-tex command.
1661 Each command is always surrounded by braces."
1662   (interactive)
1663   (let ((buffer-read-only nil))
1664
1665     ;; Isolated gemination marks need special treatement
1666     (goto-char (point-min))
1667     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1668       (replace-match "\\geminateG{}" t t))
1669
1670     ;; First, decompose geminations
1671     ;; Here we assume that each composed character consists of
1672     ;; one Ethiopic character and the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1673     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1674
1675     ;; Special treatment for geminated characters
1676     ;; The geminated character (la'') will be "\geminateG{\la}".
1677     (goto-char (point-min))
1678     (while (search-forward "\e$(3%s\e(B" nil t)
1679       (delete-backward-char 1)
1680       (backward-char 1)
1681       (insert "\\geminateG")
1682       (forward-char 1))
1683
1684     ;; Ethiopic characters to TeX macros
1685     (goto-char (point-min))
1686     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1687       (insert
1688        "{\\"
1689        (aref ethio-fidel-to-tex-map
1690              (prog1 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))
1691                (backward-delete-char 1)))
1692        "}"))
1693     (goto-char (point-min))
1694     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1695
1696 ;;;###autoload
1697 (defun ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer nil
1698   "Convert fidel-tex commands in the current buffer into fidel chars."
1699   (interactive)
1700   (let ((buffer-read-only nil)
1701         (p) (ch))
1702
1703     ;; Special treatment for gemination
1704     ;; "\geminateG{\la}" or "\geminateG{{\la}}" will be "\la\e$(3%s\e(B"
1705     ;; "\geminateG{}" remains unchanged.
1706     (goto-char (point-min))
1707     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\geminateG{\\(\\\\[a-zA-Z]+\\)}" nil t)
1708       (replace-match "\\1\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1709
1710     ;; TeX macros to Ethiopic characters
1711     (goto-char (point-min))
1712     (while (search-forward "\\" nil t)
1713       (setq p (point))
1714       (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z")
1715       (setq ch
1716             (get (intern (concat "ethio-tex-command-"
1717                                  (buffer-substring p (point))))
1718                  'ethio-fidel-char))
1719       (if ch
1720           (progn
1721             (delete-region (1- p) (point)) ; don't forget the preceding "\"
1722             (if (and (= (preceding-char) ?{)
1723                      (= (following-char) ?}))
1724                 (progn
1725                   (backward-delete-char 1)
1726                   (delete-char 1)))
1727             (insert ch))))
1728
1729     ;; compose geminated characters
1730     (goto-char (point-min))
1731     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1732       (compose-region
1733        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1734        (point)))
1735
1736     ;; Now it's time to convert isolated gemination marks.
1737     (goto-char (point-min))
1738     (while (search-forward "\\geminateG{}" nil t)
1739       (replace-match "\e$(3%s\e(B"))
1740
1741     (goto-char (point-min))
1742     (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1743
1744 ;;
1745 ;; Java support
1746 ;;
1747
1748 ;;;###autoload
1749 (defun ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer nil
1750   "Convert Ethiopic characters into the Java escape sequences.
1751
1752 Each escape sequence is of the form \uXXXX, where XXXX is the
1753 character's codepoint (in hex) in Unicode.
1754
1755 If `ethio-java-save-lowercase' is non-nil, use [0-9a-f].
1756 Otherwise, [0-9A-F]."
1757   (let ((ucode))
1758
1759     ;; first, decompose geminations
1760     (decompose-region (point-min) (point-max))
1761
1762     (goto-char (point-min))
1763     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce" nil t)
1764       (setq ucode (+ ?\x1200 (ethio-char-to-ethiocode (preceding-char))))
1765       (if (> ucode ?\x13bc)
1766           (setq ucode (+ ucode 59952)))
1767       (delete-backward-char 1)
1768       (if ethio-java-save-lowercase
1769           (insert (format "\\u%4x" ucode))
1770         (insert (upcase (format "\\u%4x" ucode)))))))
1771
1772 ;;;###autoload
1773 (defun ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer nil
1774   "Convert the Java escape sequences into corresponding Ethiopic characters."
1775   (let ((ucode))
1776     (goto-char (point-min))
1777     (while (re-search-forward "\\\\u\\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\\)" nil t)
1778       (setq ucode
1779             (read
1780              (concat
1781               "?\\x"
1782               (buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1)))))
1783       (cond
1784        ((and (>= ucode ?\x1200) (<= ucode ?\x13bc))
1785         (replace-match "")
1786         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode ?\x1200))))
1787        ((and (>= ucode ?\xfdf1) (<= ucode ?\xfdff))
1788         (replace-match "")
1789         (insert (ethio-ethiocode-to-char (- ucode 64560))))
1790        (t
1791         nil)))
1792
1793     ;; gemination
1794     (goto-char (point-min))
1795     (while (re-search-forward "\\ce\e$(3%s\e(B" nil 0)
1796       (compose-region
1797        (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1798        (point)))
1799     ))
1800
1801 ;;
1802 ;; file I/O hooks
1803 ;;
1804
1805 ;;;###autoload
1806 (defun ethio-find-file nil
1807   "Transcribe file content into Ethiopic dependig on filename suffix."
1808   (cond
1809
1810    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1811     (save-excursion
1812       (ethio-sera-to-fidel-buffer nil 'force)
1813       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1814
1815    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1816     (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t))
1817       (save-excursion
1818         (ethio-sera-to-fidel-marker 'force)
1819         (goto-char (point-min))
1820         (while (re-search-forward "&[lr]aquote;" nil t)
1821           (if (= (char-after (1+ (match-beginning 0))) ?l)
1822               (replace-match "\e$(3%v\e(B")
1823             (replace-match "\e$(3%w\e(B")))
1824         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1825
1826    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1827     (save-excursion
1828       (ethio-tex-to-fidel-buffer)
1829       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1830
1831    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1832     (save-excursion
1833       (ethio-java-to-fidel-buffer)
1834       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1835
1836    (t
1837     nil)))
1838
1839 ;;;###autoload
1840 (defun ethio-write-file nil
1841   "Transcribe Ethiopic characters in ASCII depending on the file extension."
1842   (cond
1843
1844    ((string-match "\\.sera$" (buffer-file-name))
1845     (save-excursion
1846       (ethio-fidel-to-sera-buffer nil 'force)
1847       (goto-char (point-min))
1848       (ethio-record-user-preference)
1849       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1850
1851    ((string-match "\\.html$" (buffer-file-name))
1852     (save-excursion
1853       (let ((sera-being-called-by-w3 t)
1854             (lq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461))
1855             (rq (aref ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462)))
1856         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 "&laquote;")
1857         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 "&raquote;")
1858         (ethio-fidel-to-sera-marker 'force)
1859         (goto-char (point-min))
1860         (if (search-forward "<sera>" nil t)
1861             (ethio-record-user-preference))
1862         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 461 lq)
1863         (aset ethio-fidel-to-sera-map 462 rq)
1864         (set-buffer-modified-p nil))))
1865
1866    ((string-match "\\.tex$" (buffer-file-name))
1867     (save-excursion
1868       (ethio-fidel-to-tex-buffer)
1869       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1870
1871    ((string-match "\\.java$" (buffer-file-name))
1872     (save-excursion
1873       (ethio-fidel-to-java-buffer)
1874       (set-buffer-modified-p nil)))
1875
1876    (t
1877     nil)))
1878
1879 (defun ethio-record-user-preference nil
1880   (if (looking-at "\\\\~\\(tir?\\|amh?\\) ")
1881       (goto-char (match-end 0))
1882     (insert (if (ethio-prefer-amharic-p) "\\~amh " "\\~tir ")))
1883   (insert (if ethio-use-colon-for-colon "\\~-: " "\\~`: ")
1884           (if ethio-use-three-dot-question "\\~`| " "\\~`? ")))
1885
1886 ;;
1887 ;; Ethiopic word separator vs. ASCII space
1888 ;;
1889
1890 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-space t)
1891 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-space)
1892
1893 (defun ethio-toggle-space nil
1894   "Toggle ASCII space and Ethiopic separator for keyboard input."
1895   (interactive)
1896   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1897         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-space))
1898   (force-mode-line-update))
1899
1900 (defun ethio-insert-space (arg)
1901   "Insert ASCII spaces or Ethiopic word separators depending on context.
1902
1903 If the current word separator (indicated in mode-line) is the ASCII space,
1904 insert an ASCII space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1905
1906 If the current word separator is the colon-like Ethiopic word
1907 separator and the point is preceded by `an Ethiopic punctuation mark
1908 followed by zero or more ASCII spaces', then insert also an ASCII
1909 space.  With ARG, insert that many ASCII spaces.
1910
1911 Otherwise, insert a colon-like Ethiopic word separator.  With ARG, insert that
1912 many Ethiopic word separators."
1913
1914   (interactive "*p")
1915   (cond
1916    (ethio-prefer-ascii-space
1917     (insert-char 32 arg))
1918    ((save-excursion
1919       (skip-chars-backward " ")
1920       (memq (preceding-char)
1921             '(?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\e$(3$l\e(B ?\e$(3$m\e(B ?\e$(3$n\e(B ?\e$(3$o\e(B ?\e$(3%t\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?\e$(3%v\e(B ?\e$(3%w\e(B ?\e$(3%x\e(B)))
1922     (insert-char 32 arg))
1923    (t
1924     (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))))
1925
1926 (defun ethio-insert-ethio-space (arg)
1927   "Insert the Ethiopic word delimiter (the colon-like character).
1928 With ARG, insert that many delimiters."
1929   (interactive "*p")
1930   (insert-char ?\e$(3$h\e(B arg))
1931
1932 ;;
1933 ;; Ethiopic punctuation vs. ASCII punctuation
1934 ;;
1935
1936 (defvar ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation nil)
1937 (make-variable-buffer-local 'ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation)
1938
1939 (defun ethio-toggle-punctuation nil
1940   "Toggle Ethiopic punctuations and ASCII punctuations for keyboard input."
1941   (interactive)
1942   (setq ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1943         (not ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation))
1944   (let* ((keys '("." ".." "..." "," ",," ";" ";;" ":" "::" ":::" "*" "**"))
1945          (puncs
1946           (if ethio-prefer-ascii-punctuation
1947               '(?. [".."] ["..."] ?, [",,"] ?\; [";;"] ?: ["::"] [":::"] ?* ["**"])
1948             '(?\e$(3$i\e(B ?\e$(3%u\e(B ?. ?\e$(3$j\e(B ?, ?\e$(3$k\e(B ?\; ?\e$(3$h\e(B ?\e$(3$i\e(B ?: ?* ?\e$(3$o\e(B))))
1949     (while keys
1950       (quail-defrule (car keys) (car puncs) "ethiopic")
1951       (setq keys (cdr keys)
1952             puncs (cdr puncs)))
1953     (force-mode-line-update)))
1954
1955 ;;
1956 ;; Gemination
1957 ;;
1958
1959 (defun ethio-gemination nil
1960   "Compose the character before the point with the Ethiopic gemination mark.
1961 If the characater is already composed, decompose it and remove the gemination
1962 mark."
1963   (interactive "*")
1964   (cond
1965    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'ethiopic)
1966     (insert "\e$(3%s\e(B")
1967     (compose-region
1968      (save-excursion (backward-char 2) (point))
1969      (point))
1970     (forward-char 1))
1971    ((eq (char-charset (preceding-char)) 'leading-code-composition)
1972     (decompose-region
1973      (save-excursion (backward-char 1) (point))
1974      (point))
1975     (delete-backward-char 1))
1976    (t
1977     (error ""))))
1978
1979 ;;
1980 (provide 'ethio-util)
1981
1982 ;;; ethio-util.el ends here