1 .\" $NetBSD: ccdconfig.8,v 1.1.2.1 1995/11/11 02:43:33 thorpej Exp $
3 .\" Copyright (c) 1995 Jason R. Thorpe.
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17 .\" by Jason R. Thorpe.
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33 .\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ccdconfig/ccdconfig.8,v 1.9.2.10 2003/01/26 03:38:39 keramida Exp $
34 .\" $DragonFly: src/sbin/ccdconfig/ccdconfig.8,v 1.4 2007/05/19 17:32:12 swildner Exp $
41 .Nd configuration utility for the concatenated disk driver
53 .Op Fl f Ar config_file
62 .Op Fl f Ar config_file
71 utility is used to dynamically configure and unconfigure concatenated disk
72 devices, or ccds. For more information about the ccd, see
75 The options are as follows:
76 .Bl -tag -width indent
78 Configure a ccd. This is the default behavior of
81 Configure all ccd devices listed in the ccd configuration file.
82 .It Fl f Ar config_file
83 When configuring or unconfiguring all devices, read the file
85 instead of the default
88 Dump the current ccd configuration in a format suitable for use as the
89 ccd configuration file. If no arguments are specified, every configured
90 ccd is dumped. Otherwise, the configuration of each listed ccd is dumped.
92 Extract values associated with the name list from
94 instead of the default
99 as the kernel instead of the running kernel (as determined from
100 .Xr getbootfile 3 ) .
104 Unconfigure all ccd devices listed the ccd configuration file.
111 A ccd is described on the command line and in the ccd configuration
112 file by the name of the ccd, the interleave factor, the ccd configuration
113 flags, and a list of one or more devices. The flags may be represented
114 as a decimal number, a hexadecimal number, a comma-separated list
115 of strings, or the word
117 The flags are as follows:
118 .Bd -literal -offset indent
119 CCDF_SWAP 0x01 Interleave should be dmmax
120 CCDF_UNIFORM 0x02 Use uniform interleave
121 CCDF_MIRROR 0x04 Support mirroring
122 CCDF_PARITY 0x08 Support parity (not implemented yet)
126 configuration file appears exactly as if it were entered on the command line.
127 Note that on the command line and in the configuration file, the
129 argument is optional.
130 .Bd -literal -offset indent
133 # Configuration file for concatenated disk devices
136 # ccd ileave flags component devices
137 ccd0 16 none /dev/da2e /dev/da3e
140 The component devices need to name partitions of type
147 An error on a ccd disk is usually unrecoverable unless you are using the
148 mirroring option. But mirroring has its own perils: It assumes that
149 both copies of the data at any given sector are the same. This holds true
150 until a write error occurs or until you replace either side of the mirror.
151 This is a poor-man's mirroring implementation. It works well enough that if
152 you begin to get disk errors you should be able to backup the ccd disk,
153 replace the broken hardware, and then regenerate the ccd disk. If you need
154 more than this you should look into external hardware RAID SCSI boxes,
155 RAID controllers such as the
157 controller, or software RAID systems such as
160 .Bl -tag -width /etc/ccd.conf -compact
162 default ccd configuration file
167 examples are shown below. The arguments passed
170 are exactly the same as you might place in the
172 configuration file. The first example creates a 4-disk stripe out of
173 four scsi disk partitions. The stripe uses a 64 sector interleave.
174 The second example is an example of a complex stripe/mirror combination.
175 It reads as a two disk stripe of da2e and da3e which is mirrored
176 to a two disk stripe of da4e and da5e. The last example is a simple
177 mirror. /dev/da2e is mirrored with /dev/da4e and assigned to ccd0.
180 # ccdconfig ccd0 64 none /dev/da2e /dev/da3e /dev/da4e /dev/da5e
181 # ccdconfig ccd0 128 CCDF_MIRROR /dev/da2e /dev/da3e /dev/da4e /dev/da5e
182 # ccdconfig ccd0 128 CCDF_MIRROR /dev/da2e /dev/da4e
185 When you create a new ccd disk you generally want to
187 it before doing anything else. Once you create the initial label you can
188 edit it, adding additional partitions. The label itself takes up the first
189 16 sectors of the ccd disk. If all you are doing is creating file systems
190 with newfs, you do not have to worry about this as newfs will skip the
191 label area. However, if you intend to
193 to or from a ccd partition it is usually a good idea to construct the
194 partition such that it does not overlap the label area. For example, if
195 you have A ccd disk with 10000 sectors you might create a 'd' partition
196 with offset 16 and size 9984.
199 # disklabel -r -w ccd0c auto
203 The disklabeling of a ccd disk is usually a one-time affair. Unlike other
204 devices, ccd currently requires that you specify partition 'c' when
205 running disklabel. If you reboot the machine and reconfigure the ccd disk,
207 had created before will still be there and not require reinitialization.
208 Beware that changing any ccd parameters: interleave, flags, or the
209 device list making up the ccd disk, will usually destroy any prior
210 data on that ccd disk. If this occurs it is usually a good idea to
211 reinitialize the label before [re]constructing your ccd disk.
222 utility first appeared in