1 The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD
2 ---------------------------------------------
14 Sixth Edition (V6) -----*
18 Seventh Edition (V7) |
22 \ 2BSD---------------*
30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD
32 4.1aBSD -----------\ |
36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD
38 Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo
40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD
42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD
44 Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD
45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ |
55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------*
57 386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA
59 386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13]
61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34]
64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | |
65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0
67 FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1
68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite |
69 FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ |
71 FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ |
73 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ |
74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ |
76 FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0
78 FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1
79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 |
81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | |
82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | |
83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | |
86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1
87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ |
88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0
89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 |
91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | |
93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | |
94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | |
95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | |
98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | |
100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | |
102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 |
104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | |
105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 |
106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | |
107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | |
108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1
109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 |
110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | |
111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | |
112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0
114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | |
115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 |
116 FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | |
117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | |
118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | |
119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1
120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 |
124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | |
125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 |
126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | |
127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1
128 FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | |
131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 |
133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | |
135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | |
137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | |
139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | |
140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2
143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | |
144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | |
145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 |
146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | |
148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | |
149 | | | Mac OS X | | | |
150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 |
151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | |
152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3
153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 |
154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | |
155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | |
157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | |
158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 |
159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | |
160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | |
161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0
163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE
165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 |
167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5
169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | |
171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | |
173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------.
177 FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0
179 | ----- Mac OS X | | |
183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | |
185 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | |
186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 |
188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0
189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | |
191 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | |
192 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 |
193 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | |
195 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 |
198 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | |
200 | | | | NetBSD 3.0 | |
201 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0
202 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 |
203 | FreeBSD | | | | | | |
205 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | |
206 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0
208 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 |
209 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | |
210 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | |
211 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | |
212 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0
213 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 |
214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0
216 FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current |
223 Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it
224 was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape.
226 [44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels,
227 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of
228 the 4.4BSD Operating System.
229 [APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/]
230 [BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
231 [DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The.
232 [DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape.
233 [FBD] FreeBSD Project, The.
234 [KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources,
235 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987.
236 [KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement.
237 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988.
238 [KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz.
239 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software
240 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983.
241 [NBD] NetBSD Project, The.
242 [OBD] OpenBSD Project, The.
243 [QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX.
244 [SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11.
245 [USE] Usenet announcement.
246 [WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc.
247 [dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail
252 First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU]
253 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler
254 Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU]
255 10 UNIX installations
256 Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU]
257 Pipes, 16 installations
258 Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU]
259 rewriting in C effected,
260 above 30 installations
261 Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU]
262 above 50 installations
263 Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU]
265 Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU]
267 Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU]
268 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr]
269 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr]
270 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B]
271 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device
272 and networking part by the streams mechanism
274 Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU]
275 Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU]
279 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1)
280 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out
281 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU]
283 75 2BSD tapes shipped
285 2.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ]
287 2.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU]
288 set of performance improvements
289 2.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ]
291 2.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS]
292 2.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK]
293 2.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS]
294 2.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS]
295 2.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS]
297 32V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU]
299 virtual memory, page replacement,
302 4.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC]
304 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B]
305 4.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B]
307 beta release, IPC [44B]
308 4.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU]
310 4.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU]
311 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC]
312 4.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC]
313 4.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU]
315 4.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC]
316 4.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC]
318 BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI]
319 first code released to people outside BSDI
320 386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC]
321 BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers
322 BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version
323 386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC]
324 4.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07
325 BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI]
326 first external gamma; G customers
327 BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI]
328 would have been 1.0 except for request
329 for preliminary injunction
330 BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI]
331 injunction denied; first official release
332 NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD]
333 4.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE]
334 NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD]
335 FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD]
336 FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD]
337 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release.
338 BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI]
339 4.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE]
340 FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD]
341 FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD]
342 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD]
343 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release.
344 NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD]
345 386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE]
346 FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD]
347 BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based
348 FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD]
349 BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI]
350 4.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B]
351 the true final distribution from the CSRG
352 FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD]
353 NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD]
354 BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI]
355 FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD]
356 NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD]
357 OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD]
358 FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD]
359 FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release)
361 FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD]
362 BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based
363 FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD]
364 FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD]
365 FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD]
366 NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release)
367 OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD]
368 FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD]
369 OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD]
370 NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD]
371 FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD]
372 NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release)
373 BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI]
374 OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD]
375 NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release)
376 FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD]
377 BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI]
378 2-lock MP support, ELF executables
379 FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD]
380 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current,
381 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which
382 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release
383 FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD]
384 OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD]
385 NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release)
386 FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD]
387 BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI]
388 NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD]
389 FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD]
390 OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD]
391 NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release)
392 FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD]
393 OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD]
394 FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD]
395 BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI]
396 FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD]
397 NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release)
398 OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD]
399 FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD]
400 FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD]
401 FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD]
402 FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release)
403 FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD]
404 NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release)
405 BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI]
406 OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD]
407 NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD]
408 Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL]
409 FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD]
410 OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD]
411 NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release)
412 NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release)
413 FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD]
414 Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL]
415 OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD]
416 FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD]
417 BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS]
418 OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD]
419 FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD]
420 NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release)
421 FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release)
422 Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL]
423 NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD]
424 FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD]
425 OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD]
426 FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD]
427 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of
428 -current, similar to 3.0.
429 FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD]
430 NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release)
431 OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD]
432 BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS]
433 FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD]
434 Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL]
435 FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD]
436 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version)
437 OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD]
438 FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD]
439 FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release)
440 NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release)
441 OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD]
442 FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD]
443 DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB]
444 OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD]
445 FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD]
446 NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD]
447 FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD]
448 DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB]
449 NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release)
450 Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL]
451 FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD]
452 OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD]
453 NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release)
454 OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD]
455 FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD]
456 NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD]
457 NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD]
458 DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB]
459 OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD]
460 FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD]
461 FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD]
462 NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release)
463 DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB]
464 OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD]
465 NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release)
466 NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD]
467 FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD]
468 DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB]
469 OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD]
470 DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB]
473 ------------------------
475 Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John
476 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating
477 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1
479 Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing
480 Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5
482 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John
483 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating
484 System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4
486 McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and
487 Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System.
488 Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2
490 Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader.
492 Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix.
493 Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the
494 Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993.
496 Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994.
497 URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm
499 Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ...
500 Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff.
502 BSD Release Announcements collection.
503 URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/
505 BSD Hypertext Man Pages
506 URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi
508 UNIX history graphing project
509 URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html
512 URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
514 James Howard: The BSD Family Tree
515 URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html
516 ("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?")
522 Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old
523 original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes.
525 Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages.
528 Copyright (c) 1997-2007 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG>
529 URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree
531 $FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.115 2007/08/07 15:35:24 maxim Exp $
532 $DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.12 2007/08/07 23:19:14 swildner Exp $